Breathable fire retardant

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fire stop (10) comprising an intumescent-loaded mesh (12). The mesh (12) is malleable to a fully or partially restricted volume, and the intumescent in the mesh forms a pattern of spaced apart intumescent stripes with breathable openings between the stripes. At least one intumescent in a plane exposed to fire forms a fine mesh, rapidly expandable stripe pattern that seals the mesh openings and forms a fire shield between the stripes during the fire's attack phase, and the intumescent spaced from the shield is subsequently expandable to fill the remaining volume of the fire stop after forming the shield.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a breathable fire stop that includes a self-supporting mesh that supports and reinforces an intumescent material. [Background technology]

[0002] Intumescent passive ventilation is a simple and effective fire-stopping product. For conventional intumescent ventilation to stop a fire within five minutes or to stop radiation or smoke from a fire, it must be replaced by other types of fire dampers, which are expensive and bulky, or by specialized intumescents that require linear contact surfaces, little flexibility for movement, and precise installation.

[0003] Intumescent ventilation elements used for linear firestops on building facades, roof overhangs, and roof cavities are prone to failure when fire bends or wears away from cladding or other building components, creating gaps for fire propagation. Installation methods are also prone to errors during on-site installation. Standard intumescent vents have thick layers, which take time to seal gaps up to 50 mm. They can fall off as they expand. The new requirements aim to prevent major fires caused by failure of standard cavity ventilation elements. The requirements state that products must maintain their fire protection performance even when the building is moving due to fire or wind, and must protect against fires spreading at a speed of approximately 3 m / min and fires that pass through a 100 mm high vent in less than two seconds.

[0004] [Prior Art Disclosure] Patent Document 1 describes various forms of fire and smoke protection systems. It describes a flexible fire stop that is rolled up and attached to the wall in front of a building opening. This flexible fire stop is a fire curtain that is unfolded to close the opening in the event of a fire. Furthermore, the flexible fire stop includes a fire-resistant flexible woven fabric. The woven fabric has a shell-knitted weave that improves resistance to the effects of external forces, such as powerful water jets. The use of intumescents is also mentioned, and the element appears to be self-supporting. However, this solution is a closed structure that does not provide ventilation.

[0005] Patent Document 2 shows a self-closing plate-shaped ventilation element in which a surrounding frame with a honeycomb structure is coated with intumescent. When this ventilation element is attached to a wall surface having an opening, it is normally open and allows air to flow through the opening. When exposed to heat from a fire, the intumescent material expands and closes the ventilation element.

[0006] Reference is further made to Patent Document 3, which corresponds to International Publication No. 2018174720A and describes a breathable fire protection filter for building structures, including a three-dimensional structure made of braided cords covered with intumescent. This three-dimensional structure is made flexible by cutting a free-standing frameless member. The member-free part of the structure is fitted by being pushed into the gap of the cavity and self-locks under the effect of heat.

[0007] A common feature in known technologies is that fire insulation is not achieved until the volume is completely filled with intumescent. Typical volumes do not fill until 30 seconds to 5 minutes, depending on the size of the air opening. To prevent fire penetration during this time, extensive use of fire suppression gaps and heat sinking elements is required. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0008] [Patent Document 1] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2013255893A1 [Patent Document 2] U.S. Patent No. 7,413,024 B1 [Patent Document 3] National Patent No. 343232B1 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0009] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention aims to provide a fire arresting device that is normally breathable and that, upon exposure to the heat of a fire, converts into a fully reactive fire arrester within a very short period of time.

[0010] A common solution for the first stage is a fire gap element that stops the fire before the opening of the breathable ventilation element in the second stage is closed by an intumescent intumescent that fills the entire ventilation element and insulates against the fire. The present invention allows for the introduction of a further stage between the two mentioned above, which could, for example, quickly form a thin shell against the initial thermal stresses of a fire in order to reduce the time required for the fire gap element to function.

[0011] The present invention is further based on the idea that as much of the initial heat as possible is absorbed by the intumescent material forming the shell. At the same time, heat that is directed to other intumescents reduces the heat uptake in the shell, slowing down the formation of the shell. This can happen if the volume-filling intumescent and the shell intumescent are close to each other. According to the present invention, heat transfer by both flame radiation and convection is prevented during the shell formation phase by "unwanted" intumescents near the shell.

[0012] A further object is to provide a spring-suspended mesh fire stop with intumescent stripes that expands rapidly to form a fire-resistant shell, particularly during the attack phase of a fire.

[0013] The fire stop can be used alone, or alternatively, the fire stop can have a fire suppression element that shuts down the fire under conditions where the ventilation element is open, or an intumescent element that fills a predetermined volume with a sufficiently long fire resistance time. A three-stage fire stop can combine technologies where the general sequence of stages is firestop, fireshell, and firefill volume. Open fire stop and shell formation occur during the attack phase of a fire.

[0014] The fire stop according to the invention is unframed, cuttable, flexible and can be installed in one or more layers into hollow spaces, slits, sheets, tubes assembled into boxes or frames at the site of use or in a factory.

[0015] The fire-stop ventilation element with the intumescent filling of the present invention is designed to achieve a certain expansion amount and realize self-locking by using an expansion pocket, a fire suppression gap, a spark prevention net, and a flammable droplet capture net, and can be combined with a tight screen, so that the fire-stop ventilation element of the present invention can stop flame radiation and smoke. [Means for solving the problem]

[0016] The present invention relates to a breathable fire stop that is normally ventilated by air and is shut off in the event of a fire - a fire-resistant air transmission grille for use in buildings. A breathable fire stop may therefore also be called a fully ventilated fire stop or fire damper.

[0017] The present invention is based on a breathable fire stop with or without a fire suppression gap. The breathable fire stop includes a self-supporting mesh element with a semi-open intumescent pattern that forms a shell or hard skin very quickly under the heat of a fire. The shell-forming element is positioned within the fire stop to receive the heat as directly as possible. The intumescent pattern is finely meshed to maximize the surface area for capturing the heat and provide a short distance so that expanding intumescent masses from threads within the pattern quickly meet expanding intumescent masses from the nearest threads. Hereinafter, the pattern will also be referred to as a striped pattern. The pattern stripes may be at any angle, cross each other, or be parallel to each other. The striped pattern is attached to a reinforcing, self-supporting mesh—typically made of metal—that is fabricated as a fire suppression gap element, if necessary.

[0018] Intumescent or other reactive or ablative materials used in the present invention may be based, for example, on graphite, sodium silicate, or ammonium phosphate and characterized by expansion upon exposure to heat, which would typically be between 130 and 180°C, although high temperature activation may alternatively occur at a later time, for example, above 300°C.

[0019] The breathable fire stop of the present invention is preferably sized so that a large, good contact area between the flame and the intumescent facilitates the prevention of flame passage while the breathable fire stop is open. Specifically, this sizing facilitates the prevention of flame passage by extending the duration of the "fire suppression gap" effect when a fire suppression gap member is used until the intumescent material expands and seals the fire suppression member. For example, one layer of fire suppression gap mesh can replace multiple fire suppression gap members.

[0020] A fire suppression gap mesh that can be used in the present invention means a mesh having openings smaller than the specific fire suppression gap recommended for the flammable gas fire in its intended use.

[0021] In addition, being self-supporting and cuttable means that the breathable fire stop does not need to be fitted into any frame or the like, but can be cut and / or trimmed to the desired dimensions to fit the actual ventilation opening.

[0022] The breathable flexible fire stop of the present invention is self-supporting, for example when cut from a sheet of material. That is, the fire stop can be used as is without bracing or a frame to hold the fireproofing material, and can be attached by hand and / or by pushing and / or clamping within an opening using clamps, screws, pins, adhesives, gaskets, etc. Furthermore, the flexible mesh can follow the shape and / or movement of the structure, contributing to a more efficient fire stop.

[0023] The fire stop according to the invention can be folded into double or multiple layers to achieve extended fire resistance time. Cut flat fire stop can be folded and fitted in layers attached to the whole building element or frame at the factory and can take for example a straight or rectangular shape.

[0024] The above objects are achieved by a breathable fire stop comprising a self-supporting mesh with intumescents. The mesh is malleable to a fully or partially restricted volume, and the intumescents used in the mesh form a stripe pattern of spaced apart intumescents with breathable openings between the stripes. At least one intumescent in a fire-affected plane comprises a fine mesh, rapidly expandable stripe pattern that seals the mesh openings during the fire's attack phase and forms a fire shield between the stripes. Intumescents spaced apart from the shield are subsequently expandable to fill the remaining volume of the fire stop after the shield is formed.

[0025] Tests have shown that when using a shield according to the present invention, complete fire protection was achieved within 5 seconds, compared to the typical 35 seconds for conventional ventilation elements, for the same opening.

[0026] The fine mesh of the intumescent has a surface and a short mutual distance which is sufficient for the stripes to expand quickly towards each other under the influence of heat during the attack phase of a fire to form the shield.

[0027] Intumescent placed on the inside or outside of the shield can form a loose grid that slowly expands to fill the volume, thereby providing fire insulation for extended fire resistance.

[0028] Additionally, the mesh may be formed as a fire stop mesh having rectangular mesh openings that close gaps.

[0029] The intumescent may be used in the mesh in a stripe pattern of parallel intumescents in the first embodiment, or alternatively, the intumescent may be used in the mesh in a checkerboard pattern of intumescent stripes in the second embodiment.

[0030] The intumescent may be applied to the mesh in the form of closely and uniformly distributed dots or raised nails or filaments distributed within the volume of air adjacent to the mesh, in a fully or partially implemented striped pattern.

[0031] The mesh may be provided in sheet form having longitudinally extending side edges, one or both of which are provided with reinforcing flanges.

[0032] Similarly, the mesh may be manufactured in sheet form or cut into a sheet form having longitudinal side edges, one or more of which are folded over or attached to a mounting flange.

[0033] The mounting flanges on the side ends may be arranged to lockingly engage one another.

[0034] In one variation, the mesh may have longitudinally extending side edges, a first side edge of which is S-shaped and a second side edge of which is hemispherical, so that the hemispherical shape is inserted and locked under the S-shape when the mesh is secured to the base.

[0035] The mesh may be a malleable spring suspension mesh made of spring wire to create a spring suspension effect.

[0036] Furthermore, the malleable spring suspension mesh can be made of braided steel wires with transverse spring wires to create a spring suspension effect.

[0037] The malleable spring suspension mesh can be manufactured by joining steel wires with transverse spring wires to create the spring suspension effect.

[0038] The transverse spring wires may be spaced apart from one another along the length of the mesh greater than the fire suppression gap and less than the maximum mesh size to prevent waste of the expanded intumescent.

[0039] The fire stop may further include an inflatable pocket, the inflatable pocket including an inflatable intumescent interposed between the plurality of meshes, the pocket deploying upon inflation to press against surrounding structures or edges.

[0040] One or more of the spring wires and / or steel wires may be coated with intumescent and connected to a power source. The wires are arranged to act as heating wire(s). In one embodiment, the intumescent stripes may be metal lacquered powders / electrodes or have a nanofiber surface.

[0041] Additionally, the stripes of intumescent may be extruded, glued, or sprayed onto the mesh parallel or at an angle to the breathable mesh openings present between one or more layers of mesh.

[0042] The intumescent pattern may be attached to the mesh by stitches, such as stitches of polyester or cotton as a sacrificial material.

[0043] The fire stop may be cut or folded to include multiple mesh layers with intermediate intumescent stripes inlaid between each mesh layer with a fire suppression gap. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0044] Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: [Figure 1] 1 illustrates a breathable fire stop according to the present invention. [Figure 2] The breathable firestop shown in Figure 1 is installed in an opening or cavity in a building structure or the like. [Figure 3] 1 shows a variation of a breathable fire stop according to the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 shows the breathable fire stop shown in FIG. 3 installed in an opening or cavity in a building structure or the like. [Figure 5] An example of a breathable firestop during application is shown. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 shows the breathable firestop after installation. [Figure 7] 1 illustrates a breathable fire stop attached to only one side edge. [Figure 8] 1 shows a further variation of the breathable fire stop according to the present invention. [Figure 9] 9 shows the breathable fire stop shown in FIG. 8 installed in an opening or cavity in a building or the like. [Figure 10] 1 shows a breathable fire stop according to the present invention in more detail. [Figure 11] 1 shows a variation of a breathable fire stop according to the invention fitted with a heating wire. [Figure 12] 10 shows an example of a modification of the flange for attachment to the mesh. [Figure 13] 10 shows an example of a modification of the flange for attachment to the mesh. [Figure 14] 1 shows an example of a prior art firestop under the influence of heat from a fire. [Figure 15] 1 shows an example of a shell-forming breathable fire stop according to the present invention under the influence of heat from a fire in the earliest stages. [Figure 16] 1 shows a variation of the present invention in which a breathable fire stop acts as an expansion pocket. [Figure 17] 10 shows in cross section how the wires of an intumescent on a mesh expand towards each other. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0045] As can be seen in the figures, in an embodiment, the present invention preferably comprises a breathable fire stop comprising a malleable, spring-suspended mesh 12 having an intumescent fine mesh stripe pattern 14 that forms an insulating shell during the earliest stages of a fire. The mesh 12 also includes intumescent stripes or bands for subsequent volume filling and insulation during a fire. The mesh 12 can be bent or rolled into a perfect or approximate tubular shape to form an interior volume 22. The tubular shape can be circular, square, or other shapes.

[0046] A fire stop according to the present invention may be made with mesh 12 without a fire suppression gap, although the description in conjunction with the figures will generally use the term "fire suppression gap mesh" and the claims will use the more general term "mesh." Intumescent 14 may be applied to mesh 12 in the same manner whether or not the mesh has a fire suppression gap.

[0047] The fire suppression gap mesh 12, if used, has a mesh size that provides a fire suppression gap, for example, a mesh size of 0.8 to 8 mm. The mesh size, i.e., the size of the openings 30 between the wires of the fire suppression gap mesh, must be less than the maximum size of the fire suppression gap in a particular application, as determined by the gas mixture generated by the fire, in order to suppress the fire.

[0048] A pattern of thin stripes, dots, pins, or wires 14 of intumescent may be applied to the mesh 12. This may have a large surface area and close spacing between the stripes, dots, pins, or wires. There is open mesh or openings 30 between the stripes, dots, pins, or wires in the plane where the fire will first strike. The intumescent may be applied to the mesh in a stripe pattern of parallel intumescent in a first embodiment. Alternatively, the intumescent may be applied to the mesh in a checkerboard pattern of intumescent stripes in a second embodiment. In Figures 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 9, the intended fire direction is upward, so the fire will be first noticed at the bottom of the fire stop 10. The fire's effects are described in more detail in connection with Figure 15.

[0049] To provide a spring suspension effect within the fire suppression gap mesh 12, the fire suppression gap mesh 12 may be made of braided or bonded spring filaments 28, or the fire suppression gap mesh 12 may be made of braided or bonded steel filaments 34, preferably with laterally extending spring filaments 28. The spring filaments 28 may have a size of, for example, 1 mm. The steel wires 34 may also be flexible.

[0050] The lateral spring wires 28 are typically spaced apart along the length of the fire-suppression gap mesh 12. The mesh size is larger than the fire-suppression gap but smaller than the maximum mesh to prevent loss of the expanded intumescent. The maximum mesh here refers to the size of the opening / mesh through which the expanded intumescent can be forced out and dropped. The mesh size can vary depending on the type of intumescent.

[0051] 10 and 11 show specific embodiments of the fire suppression gap mesh 12 as described above, and the remaining figures show exemplary fire suppression gap meshes.

[0052] 11, one or more of wires 28 or 34 is covered by intumescent 14 and connected to power source 38 via wire 36. Upon activation of power source 38, the wire(s) heat up, causing intumescent 14 to expand.

[0053] The fire suppression gap mesh 12 is intended to be initially manufactured in a flat shape, but can be bent into a generally semicircular or tubular shape to resist compression and have a spring effect to react with protrusions or depressions in the surface to which it is attached. Figures 10 and 11 show, by way of example, that the transverse spring wires 28 substantially create the spring effect, while the longitudinal wires 34 are thinner and / or less stiff to provide a mesh that fills uneven surfaces.

[0054] The fire suppression gap mesh 12 may be manufactured in sheet form having one or both longitudinal side edges 32 with a mounting flange 16. This may be done either by manufacturing the fire suppression gap mesh 12 in sheet form or by cutting it into sheet form, with one or more of the side edges 32 being folded over or attached to the mounting flange 16.

[0055] The mounting flanges 16 may be used to secure the fire stop 10 in a cavity 22 between two building components 20 by screws, pins 18, or similar fastening means. The mounting flanges 16 may also be glued to a surface. Figure 5 illustrates such an installation, with one mounting flange 16 on a first side end 32 first attached to the base 20 by screws or pins 18, and Figure 6 illustrates a second mounting flange 16 on a second side end 32 also attached to the base 20 by screws or pins 18.

[0056] An example of a variation is shown in Figure 7. The variation shown is not formed in a closed tubular shape, but is attached only to one side edge, leaving the other part "free" to move.

[0057] The mounting flanges 16 on the side edges 32 of the fire suppression gap mesh 12 may be arranged to lock together.

[0058] 8 and 9 illustrate an alternative embodiment of a breathable fire stop in which the fire suppression gap mesh 12 has corresponding longitudinally extending side edges 32, but where a first side edge is formed with an S-shape 24 and a second side edge is formed with a hemispherical shape 26. The hemispherical shape 26 can be inserted under the S-shape 24 into locking engagement when attached to a surface 20, as shown in FIG.

[0059] 12 and 13 further show variations of the mounting flange 16, where one or two vertical edges / folds can be folded, for example, by a folding and flange machine, perpendicular to the mesh, so that the mounting flange 16 is sufficiently rigid to secure the fire suppression gap mesh 12 to a hard or soft surface, such as wood or rock wool.

[0060] By locking the side edges 32 of the fire stop 10, a constant expansion volume 22 is obtained (as shown in Figures 14 and 15), which is similar to the cavity 22 between two building components 20.

[0061] Figures 14 and 15 show the difference between the prior art and the present invention, which is implemented in three stages of function: Figure 14 shows an example of the prior art (right) in which intumescents 114 are placed in a mesh structure 112 between two building components 20 to maximize air passage, allowing the intumescents 114 to fill the entire void between the intumescent and the opposite side when all of the intumescents expand with heat, thereby blocking fire.

[0062] As shown in Figure 15, in accordance with the present invention, the intumescent elements 14 are arranged in a fine mesh stripe pattern in at least one plane that is angled with the airflow facing the actual fire load, and are closed enough to allow for good ventilation. As the stripes expand toward each other due to heat, they quickly form a shield or shell barrier 40 that completely closes the ventilation element during the first few minutes of the penetration phase (as shown in the center). Then, sustained heat from the fire activates the remaining intumescent elements within the ventilation element, maintaining the volume seal during the full-fill phase (shown on the right). While the remaining intumescent elements can be fine-meshed, a coarse mesh with wider stripes or bands is preferred. The shield-forming and volume-filling intumescent elements are separated from each other.

[0063] The present invention is also effective when the direction of the fire is opposite to that shown in FIG.

[0064] Thus, the fire stop 10 according to the present invention comprises many fine stripes 14 of intumescent, rather than the conventional thick stripes and gratings, coated directly onto the fire suppression gap mesh 12 with optimized ventilation distances between the stripes. The large contact surface between the heat of the fire and the intumescent causes the stripes to expand very quickly into a closed shield 40 that blocks the flame for many minutes. During the exposure phase, the heat activates endothermic chemical processes (heat dissipation) in the intumescent material that take heat from the fire gases / flame, and there is a large area of intumescent surface concentrated in the outermost mesh layer in contact with the flame, said process further effectively extending the fire suppression gap effect so that multiple layers of fire suppression gap mesh (several layers required in the prior art) can be avoided.

[0065] During the next fire-resistance period, more incombustible material 14 expands downstream of the shield 40, but due to the heat shielding effect of the shield 40, the expansion is slow. This expansion is beneficial for creating a uniform, compact volume of expanded intumescent. At the same time, in a preferred application of the present invention, the intumescent is rolled 360 degrees into a cylindrical shape with its long sides joined together. This effect ensures that expansion always occurs within a given volume 22. Specifically, the environment may force the filter to be oval, flat, rectangular within a suitable frame, or any other shape. The presence of the sealing stripe 14 with its fine intumescent filaments ensures that the fire must penetrate the next layer as well, achieving robust reliability. Furthermore, a consistent expansion volume allows for the optimal amount of intumescent to be used, maximizing fire-resistance while minimizing intumescent shedding. Conventionally, such shedding intumescent would be expelled from the opening due to the fire. This is known to be one of the two biggest problems with conventional solutions (the other being early flame penetration).

[0066] For added assurance of rapid response to smoke passage, the wire can be extruded with a heated wire before coating the fire suppression gap mesh 12, as shown in Figure 11. A short application of an appropriate current will cause the intumescent to expand and seal within a few seconds while there is still a small amount of smoke in the fire room. Activation can occur from the smoke detector or manually, and a relatively small battery can be used.

[0067] Further improvements to rapid expansion and low dust collection can be achieved by using intumescent stripes (current) with metal powder / electrode lacquer or "nanohair" coatings with high heat transfer properties.

[0068] The fire stop 10 may further include an expansion pocket, for example, the expansion pocket including an intumescent material interposed between a plurality of fire suppression gap interstitial meshes 12.

[0069] As shown in Figure 16, fire suppression gap mesh 12 having an intumescent stripe pattern 14 may be placed in an opening in a building structure as stripes or the like and installed as described above. Additionally, an external perforated cladding 42 may be used.

[0070] The expansion pocket 44 allows the fire stop 10 to not only fill the empty, breathable space 22 where the fire stop 10 exists under the influence of fire heat, but also to fill the expansion space that may occur when the building component 20 bends and creates more voids during a fire. The expansion pocket "inflates" in the "limited space" for expansion. Even if the building component compresses slightly or displaces outward, the expansion pocket helps the fire stop to close tightly against the building component when it "expands." The expansion pocket is mesh-like, and is typically breathable but impervious to intumescent that begins to expand during a fire. The expansion pocket components can be held together by threads or the like fastened between the mesh components of the expansion pocket, or the threads may be sacrificed.

[0071] Figure 16 shows that a breathable inflatable pocket can be attached to a single fireproof sheet when inflated. Even if the breathable inflatable pocket is attached only from the outside, it cannot be pushed out or in through the opening when inflated. The breathable inflatable pocket does not have a gasket between the frame and the sheet like a regular ventilation member and can be installed quickly.

[0072] The firestop according to the invention can be produced by applying the intumescent to the stripes 14 by extrusion.

[0073] The intumescent stripe pattern 14 may alternatively be glued or sprayed onto the fire suppression gap mesh 12 in one or more layers, parallel or angled with breathable mesh openings 30 between them. This also applies to extrusion molding.

[0074] Additionally, the stripes 14 of intumescent may be secured to the fire suppression gap mesh 12 with stitches, such as sacrificial polyester or cotton stitches.

[0075] A fire stop according to the present invention may be fabricated from a plurality of fire suppression gap meshes 12 with intermediate intumescent stripes 14 inlaid between each of the fire suppression gap meshes 12 .

[0076] In use, the flat-manufactured fire stop can be folded and bundled together, for example, on one or more short rollers fitted together with two or more continuous steel wires with the ends cut and bent, or wound around said rollers. This forms a component for use in air transmission grilles, eaves ventilation elements, exterior wall ventilation elements, and other places where the intumescent does not slip over time. The lateral locks are fixed without penetrating in the direction of fire spread, and the vent is filled tightly and accurately without any swelling along the way.

[0077] An example of an optimal application for an air gap would be a 2mm fire gap mesh, but this is only needed at the bottom where the fire is most likely to strike. Other meshes can be used with coarser mesh spring filaments, such as 12mm. 12mm is enough to hold the majority of the intumescent in place, but still allow a small amount of intumescent to be pushed through to seal against the connection.

[0078] 17 shows in more detail the cross section of intumescent filaments 14 of a fine mesh intumescent pattern of diameter b, spaced a distance a apart on a load-bearing mesh 12. In the event of a fire, as shown, the expanded intumescent mass 14' meets between two wires 14, for example, when the expanded thickness is ½a, to form a shield 40. In a preferred embodiment, without limitation, a can be greater than 2b and less than 5b, with wire diameter b being 1-5 mm.

[0079] The load-bearing mesh is made of a flame-retardant material such as metal or glass fiber, and the wire diameter is preferably 0.1 to 1 mm, but is not limited to this.

[0080] The nearly completed expanded intumescent mass 14' is shown in dashed lines. The early-activating fire shield 40, including the load-bearing mesh 12, achieves at least a thickness c. The shell thickness c can vary depending on the degree of insulation desired. A preferred thickness is 10 to 30 mm without the above-described articles. With the above-described articles in a fixed fire-suppression gap mesh, thickness c can be less than 10 mm. In testing of fire-resistant shells in accordance with the present invention, fire protection times of 3 to 10 minutes have been achieved, although shells in accordance with the present invention can be sized to function for longer periods. Additional fire protection time can be achieved in the final stages, when more expanded intumescent fills the entire fire stop.

[0081] In a practical embodiment, the pattern of rapidly expanding fine mesh stripes forming shield 40 can be very thin stripes, e.g., 2x2 mm, spaced a short distance from each other, collectively providing a very large surface area per unit mass. The remaining stripes of intumescent mesh that fill volume 22 can be of a more arbitrary, coarse mesh; in a typical application, for example, strips of 35x3 mm cross section spaced 20-50 mm apart can be used. Alternatively, the volume-filling stripes can also be of a finer mesh.

Claims

1. A fire stop comprising a self-supporting mesh using an intumescent, the mesh is malleable and formed entirely or partially within a restricted volume; the mesh is designed as a fire stop mesh having a mesh size that provides a fire suppression gap; the mesh includes first and second intumescents forming a stripe pattern of spaced apart intumescents and breathable openings between the stripes; the first intumescent is in a fire-affected plane of the mesh and includes a striped pattern of finely meshed, rapidly expandable intumescent; the intumescent stripe pattern seals the mesh openings during the attack phase of a fire, forming a fire shield between the intumescent stripes; the second intumescent is positioned on the mesh apart from the first intumescent and has a striped pattern of open-mesh, slowly expandable intumescent that is subsequently expandable to fill the remaining volume of the fire stop after the fire shield is formed; A flame arrestor characterized by:

2. 10. The breathable fire stop of claim 1, The fine mesh of the intumescent has a short mutual distance with the surfaces that contact the two building elements into which the mesh is inserted; the short mutual distance between the surfaces is sufficient for the stripes to expand rapidly towards each other under the influence of heat in the attack phase of the fire to form the shield, Flame arrestor.

3. 10. The breathable fire stop of claim 1, wherein the intumescent is applied to the mesh in a stripe pattern of parallel intumescent.

4. 2. The breathable fire stop of claim 1, wherein the intumescent is applied to the mesh in a checkerboard pattern of intumescent stripes.

5. 2. The breathable fire stop of claim 1, wherein the intumescent is applied to the mesh in a striped pattern made in whole or in part in the form of closely and uniformly distributed dots or pins or in the form of wires distributed within the air volume adjacent to the mesh.

6. 10. The breathable fire stop of claim 1, wherein the mesh is manufactured in sheet form having longitudinally extending side edges, one or both of which are provided with a mounting flange.

7. 10. The breathable fire stop of claim 1, the mesh is manufactured in sheet form and cut into sheets having longitudinal side edges; A fire stop characterized in that one or more side edges are folded and stored toward or conform to a mounting flange.

8. 8. A breathable fire stop according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the mounting flanges on the side edges are arranged in locking engagement with each other.

9. 10. The breathable fire stop of claim 1, the mesh has longitudinally extending side edges; The first side end of the side end portion is formed in an S-shape, The second side end of the side end is formed in a hemispherical shape, The hemispherical shape is inserted and locked under the S-shape when it is secured to the base. A flame arrestor characterized by:

10. 2. The breathable fire stop of claim 1, wherein the mesh is a malleable spring suspension mesh made of spring wire to create a spring suspension effect.

11. 11. The breathable fire stop of claim 10, wherein the malleable spring suspension mesh is made of braided steel wires with transverse spring wires to create a spring suspension effect.

12. 11. The breathable fire stop of claim 10, wherein the malleable spring suspension mesh is manufactured by joining steel wires with transverse spring wires to create a spring suspension effect.

13. 13. The breathable fire stop of claim 1 and 11 or 12, The horizontal spring wires are spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the mesh, The mesh is larger than the fire suppression gap and smaller than the maximum mesh to prevent loss of expanded intumescent. A flame arrestor characterized by:

14. 10. The breathable fire stop of claim 1, further comprising an expansion pocket containing an expandable intumescent interposed between the plurality of meshes.

15. 13. The breathable fire stop of claim 10, 11, or 12, one or more of the spring wire and / or steel wire is coated with intumescent and connected to a power source; the wires are arranged to act as heating wire(s); A flame arrestor characterized by:

16. 2. A breathable fire stop according to claim 1, characterized in that the intumescent is lacquered with metal powder / electrodes or coated with nanofibers.

17. 10. The breathable fire stop of claim 1, wherein the intumescent is extruded, glued, or sprayed onto the mesh parallel to or across breathable mesh openings present between one or more layers of mesh.

18. 10. The breathable fire stop of claim 1, comprising a plurality of mesh layers with intermediate intumescent stripes inlaid between each mesh layer having a fire suppression gap.

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