Fluidized bed or fluidized bed reactor for processing oxidized fine ores, especially iron ores, and method for manufacturing said fluidized bed reactor

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor (10) and a method for producing the fluidized bed reactor (10), which comprises a reactor (15) with a distributor bottom (20), a distributor space (25) and a reaction space (30), the distributor bottom (20) comprises a first distributor plate (85) and a second distributor plate (90) arranged on said first distributor plate (85), the first distributor plate (85) having a first arrangement (95) of first through openings (100), the second distributor plate (90) having a contact area (110) which is plate-like and extends parallel to the first distributor plate (85), The second distribution plate (90) has a first through-opening (170) and a second arrangement (120) consisting of a plurality of cover parts (125), the contact part (130) contacting the first distribution plate (85) at a distance from the first arrangement (95) of the first through-openings (100), each of the cover parts (125) of the second arrangement (120) being arranged at a distance from the arranged first through-openings (100) in the first direction (z), and the second distribution plate (90) has a second through-opening (170) in each of the cover parts (125), from which the reaction gas (60) can be introduced into the reaction space (30) for treating the fine ore (55).

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1 and to a method for producing a fluidized bed reactor according to claim 15. [Background technology]

[0002] A gas phase distributor plate for a gas phase polymerization apparatus is known from US Pat. No. 5,623,999.

[0003] From US Pat. No. 5,629,999 an apparatus and method are known for spray coating particles with a concentration of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate in a solvent mixture consisting of dichloromethane and ethanol.

[0004] Patent Document 3 discloses a method for the direct reduction of iron oxide support particles to reduction products in a fluidized bed reactor. During the treatment of fine ore, the reaction of the reaction gas with the fine ore generates temperatures in the fluidized bed between 500 and 900°C. The fluidized bed is formed directly above the distribution bottom. In the case of hydrogen reduction, the incoming hydrogen has a higher temperature than the fluidized bed, so the distribution bottom is also heated to temperatures between 500 and 900°C and is subjected to a high thermal load. This results in a high temperature load on the fluidized bed reactor. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Translation of European Patent No. 69531374 [Patent Document 2] European Patent Application Publication No. 0544289 [Patent Document 3] International Publication No. 2020 / 187672 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved temperature-stabilized fluidized bed reactor for processing oxidized fine ores, in particular iron ores, and an improved method for manufacturing the fluidized bed reactor. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] This problem is solved by a fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1 and a method for producing a fluidized bed reactor according to claim 15. Advantageous embodiments are described in the dependent claims.

[0008] It has been recognized that an improved fluidized bed reactor for processing oxidized fine ores, particularly iron ore, can be provided by having a reactor with a distributor bottom, a distribution space, and a reaction space. The distributor bottom spatially separates the reaction space from the distribution space. The distributor bottom has a first distributor plate and a second distributor plate disposed on the first distributor plate. The first distributor plate is disposed opposite the distribution space, and the second distributor plate is disposed opposite the reaction space. The first distributor plate has a first arrangement of first through-openings extending in a first direction from the distribution space toward the reaction space. The second distributor plate has a plate-shaped contact portion extending parallel to the first distributor plate. Furthermore, the second distributor plate has a second arrangement of cover portions. The contact portion contacts the first distributor plate at a distance from the first arrangement of first through-openings. Preferably, the contact portion is connected to the first distributor plate, preferably by welding. Each cover section of the second arrangement is spaced apart from the first through-opening in a first direction and covers the first through-opening leading to the reaction space. In each cover section, the second distribution plate has a second through-opening offset from the first through-opening in a second direction inclined relative to the first direction. Through the first and second through-openings, a reaction gas can be introduced into the reactor to process the fine ore and form a fluidized bed of the fine ore and the reaction gas. The first distribution plate is fluid-tightly connected to the reactor in the circumferential direction so that the reaction gas can flow into the reaction space exclusively through the first and second through-openings.

[0009] This embodiment has the advantage that a particularly good and uniform fluidized bed can be provided for treating fine ore with a reactive gas, which treatment can include reduction and / or oxidation of the fine ore with the reactive gas. Furthermore, this embodiment has the advantage that in the event of a shutdown of the fluidized-bed reactor and / or cessation of the supply of reactive gas, overflow or blockage of the first through-opening or leakage into the underlying distribution space is prevented by covering the first through-opening with the respectively provided cover part.

[0010] Furthermore, the second distributor plate is particularly easy to manufacture and can be produced inexpensively. In particular, it is not necessary to arrange and fix individual cover caps on the first distributor plate. Due to the arrangement of multiple cover parts on the second distributor plate, only one positioning step is required to align the second distributor plate with the first distributor plate during installation of the fluidized bed reactor.

[0011] In a further embodiment, each cover part is directly connected to the contact part, preferably surrounded in the circumferential direction by the contact part, which ensures a good, thermally stable connection between each cover part and the contact part, thereby avoiding stress cracks in the second distributor plate.

[0012] In a further embodiment, the contact portions mechanically connect the cover portions of the second arrangement, which are arranged offset relative to one another. The contact portions are mechanically connected to the first distributor plate. Preferably, the second distributor plate is formed in one piece from a uniform material, and preferably, the second arrangement of the cover portions is embossed on the second distributor plate. This embodiment has the advantage that the second distributor plate is particularly easy and inexpensive to manufacture. Furthermore, the second distributor plate is thereby particularly thermally and mechanically robust.

[0013] In a further embodiment, the first distribution plate and the cover part each define a chamber extending parallel to the first distribution plate in the second direction between the first and second through-openings. The chamber has the advantage that the direction of the reactant gas flowing through the first through-openings is diverted. Furthermore, the flow velocity of the reactant gas can be reduced compared to the flow velocity in the first through-openings, thereby avoiding localized super-high flow, also known as jets, in the fluidized bed.

[0014] In another embodiment, the chamber has a chamber cross-sectional area, the first through-opening has a first cross-sectional area, and the second through-opening has a second cross-sectional area, the second cross-sectional area being larger than the first cross-sectional area, and the chamber cross-sectional area being larger than the second cross-sectional area. This embodiment has the advantage that pressure fluctuations of the reaction gas can be reduced due to the large chamber cross-sectional area and large chamber dimensions. When the reaction gas leaves the chamber through the second through-opening, the flow rate increases again compared to the flow rate of the reaction gas in the chamber. This results in the formation of a particularly stable and uniform fluidized bed in the reaction space. Furthermore, the reaction gas flows into the reaction space at a lower flow rate than through the first through-opening, ensuring uniform distribution across the cross-section of the reaction space.

[0015] In a further embodiment, the chamber has a chamber length l between the first and second through-openings in the second direction. The second through-opening has an opening height h in the first direction. The opening height of the second through-opening is smaller than the chamber length l. Preferably, the ratio of the chamber length l to the opening height h is between 1 and 20, preferably between 5 and 15. This embodiment has the advantage that, when the transport of the reaction gas to the distribution space is stopped or the supply of the reaction gas is stopped, the fine ore can be deposited on the upper side of the cover without any problems. The fine ore forms a conical deposit with an angle of repose in the chamber, but the conical deposit does not reach the first through-opening. This prevents the first through-opening from being blocked or the fine ore from flowing into the distribution space below. Furthermore, when the fluidized bed reactor is started again, the fine ore in the conical deposit that has entered the chamber can be easily discharged from the chamber using the reaction gas.

[0016] In a further embodiment, the second distribution plate covers the first upper surface of the first distribution plate generally in the first direction, preferably generally completely, at least in the region of the first arrangement.

[0017] In a further embodiment, the distribution bottom has at least a first region and a second region, and in the first region, the second through-openings of the second arrangement each have the same first orientation. In the second region, the second through-openings of the second arrangement each have a second orientation different from the first orientation. This embodiment has the advantage that the different orientations provide an efficient transport flow for transporting the fine ore in the fluidized bed.

[0018] In a further embodiment, the fluidized bed reactor has a charging opening that opens into the reaction space and a discharge opening that opens into the reaction space. The charging opening is arranged on the opposite side (longitudinal direction) of the discharge opening. Fine ore can be transported into the reaction space through the charging opening. Reaction products from the reaction of the fine ore with the reaction gas can be transported from the reaction space through the discharge opening. A first region is arranged between the charging opening and the discharge opening. In the first region, the second through-openings are respectively arranged on the sides of the cover part facing the discharge opening. As a result, the fine ore is transported through the reaction gas from the charging opening to the discharge opening while staying in the reaction space.

[0019] In a further embodiment, the second region is located between the filling opening and the first region. The second through-opening in the second region is located on the side facing away from the filling opening and opposite the side edge of the distribution bottom so that the fine ore can be distributed from the filling opening toward the side edge using the outflowing reaction gas. This makes it possible to avoid local accumulation of fine ore in the fluidized bed and to uniformly use the entire cross section of the fluidized bed.

[0020] In a further embodiment, the distribution bottom has a third region, which is arranged between the first region and the discharge opening. In the third region, the second through-openings each have a third orientation different from the first orientation, and the second through-openings in the third region are each arranged on the side facing the discharge opening of the cover and facing away from the side edge of the distribution bottom, so that the fine ore and / or reaction products from the reaction of the fine ore with the reaction gas can be transported / concentrated from the side edge toward the discharge opening using the outflowing reaction gas. This makes it particularly easy to transport the reaction products and / or fine ore residue from the reaction space through the discharge opening.

[0021] In a further embodiment, the distribution bottom has at least one peripheral region, which is arranged between the first region and the discharge opening and laterally adjacent to the side edge of the distribution bottom, and the second through-openings in the peripheral region are respectively arranged on the side facing the discharge opening of the cover part and facing the side edge of the distribution bottom, so that the fine ore and / or the reaction products of the reaction of the fine ore with the reaction gas can be transported in the direction of the discharge opening by the outflowing reaction gas. This embodiment has the advantage of particularly good fluidization of the peripheral region of the fluidized bed, thereby minimizing negative edge effects on the fluidization behavior of the fine ore and / or the reaction products.

[0022] In a further embodiment, the second through-opening is slot-shaped and has a substantially constant opening height in the first direction, which has the advantage that fine ore particles are prevented from accumulating in the second through-opening.

[0023] In a further embodiment, the first distributor plate and the contact areas are sealed around the first through-openings in the circumferential direction relative to the straight line. It is particularly advantageous if the contact areas are materially connected, preferably welded, to the first distributor plate, preferably in the circumferential direction around the first through-openings. This prevents overflow of reaction gas from one chamber to the next between the first distributor plate and the second distributor plate.

[0024] In a further embodiment, the cover part has a first partial region and a second partial region, the first partial region being arranged so as to extend parallel to the first distributor plate. The first partial region at least partially covers the first through-opening. The second partial region is arranged obliquely to the first partial region and connects the first partial region with the contact part. This embodiment has the advantage that the second distributor plate is designed to have particularly low mechanical stresses, which reliably prevents undesirable thermal deformation of the second distributor plate when the fluidized-bed reactor is started up and the temperature therein increases to 750°C to 950°C.

[0025] It is particularly advantageous if the second arrangement of the cover parts is embossed on the second distributor plate, which ensures that the cover parts are configured essentially identically to one another and that the distributor bottom can be produced particularly inexpensively.

[0026] In the method for producing a fluidized bed reactor, it is particularly advantageous if the first distributor plate is provided with a first arrangement of first through-openings. The second arrangement of cover portions is embossed on the plate-shaped sheet material, and the second through-openings are formed by cutting, preferably punching, into the sheet material. The second distributor plate is placed on the first distributor plate so that each of the first through-openings is covered by a corresponding cover portion. The contact portions are mechanically connected to the first distributor plate.

[0027] In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with the aid of figures, in which: [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0028] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a fluidized bed reactor according to a first embodiment. [Figure 2] 2 shows the portion A marked in FIG. 1 of the dispensing bottom shown in FIG. 1. FIG. [Figure 3] 3 is a view showing the portion B marked in FIG. 2 of the cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 2. FIG. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the distributor bottom, showing the second distributor plate at an angle. [Figure 5] FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically illustrating a top view of a fluidized bed reactor according to a second embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically illustrating a top view of a fluidized bed reactor according to a third embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0029] In the following figures, for ease of understanding, reference is made to a coordinate system which is illustratively formed as a right-handed system, with an x-axis (longitudinal), a y-axis (lateral), and a z-axis (height).

[0030] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a fluidized bed reactor 10 according to a first embodiment.

[0031] The fluidized-bed reactor 10 may be part of a reactor assembly consisting of several fluidized-bed reactors 10. The fluidized-bed reactor 10 has, for example, a reactor 15, a distribution bottom 20, and a distribution space 25. The reactor 15 has a reaction space 30. Furthermore, the fluidized-bed reactor 10 has a filling opening 35, a discharge opening 40, a reaction gas supply 45 to the distribution space, and a reaction gas discharge 50 from the reaction space. The distribution bottom 20 spatially separates the distribution space 25 from the reaction space 30. For example, in FIG. 1, the distribution space 25 is located below the reaction space 30.

[0032] The filling opening 35 and the discharge opening 40 open into the reaction space 30 and are arranged on the side of the reactor 15. The filling opening 35 is arranged on one side of the reactor 15. The discharge opening 40 may be arranged opposite the filling opening 35 in the x direction. In this case, the discharge opening 40 is arranged, for example, closer to the distribution bottom 20 in the z direction than the filling opening 35. The reaction gas discharge 50 is arranged above the filling opening 35 in the z direction. The distribution bottom 20 may be oriented slightly inclined relative to the xy plane, so that the distribution bottom 20 is arranged slightly higher below the filling opening 35 than at the discharge opening 40.

[0033] During operation of the fluidized bed reactor 10, oxidized fine ore 55, in particular iron ore, can be transported into the reaction space 30 through the filling opening 35. The fine ore 55 preferably has a particle size of 200 μm or less, preferably d of 110 μm or less. 30 The iron particle support 70 may be an oxide, for example, Fe2O3.

[0034] The reaction products 75 of the treated fine ore 55 can be transported from the reaction space 30 through the discharge opening 40. A reaction gas discharge 50 may be arranged at the top of the reaction space 30 and open into the reaction space 30. For example, a reaction gas supply 45 may be arranged at the bottom of the fluidized bed reactor 10 and open into the distribution space 25.

[0035] During operation of the fluidized bed reactor 10, fine ore 55 is preferably continuously supplied to the reaction space 30 through the filling opening 35. Furthermore, for example, a reaction gas 60 is continuously supplied to the distribution space 25 through a reaction gas supply 45. The distribution space 25 is fluidly connected to the reaction space 30 through the distribution bottom 20. For example, in this case, the reaction space 30 is arranged above the distribution bottom 20, and the distribution space 25 is arranged below the distribution bottom 20. In this case, the distribution bottom 20 may be arranged in the xy plane.

[0036] The reaction gas 60 is introduced, preferably under pressure, into the distribution space 25 through the reaction gas supply 45. The reaction gas 60 is distributed within the distribution space 25 by the distribution bottom 20 and passes through the distribution bottom 20 into the reaction space 30. This flow direction is caused by the pressure difference of the reaction gas 60 between the reaction gas supply 45 and the reaction gas discharge 50.

[0037] The reaction gas 60 is introduced into the reaction space 30 through the distribution bottom 20 so that a fluidized bed 65 consisting of the fine ore 55 and the reaction gas 60 is formed above the distribution bottom 20. The fluidized bed 65 is also called a fluidized bed. In the fluidized bed 65, the fine ore 55 is fluidized by the upwardly flowing reaction gas 60.

[0038] In the z-direction, the fluidized bed 65 extends between the distribution bottom 20 and the lower end of the discharge opening 40. In the x- and / or y-direction, the fluidized bed 65 extends mainly over the entire extension of the distribution bottom 20.

[0039] The reactive gas 60 may in particular be a reducing gas, for example, the reactive gas 60 may comprise hydrogen H2, in particular consisting of technically pure hydrogen H2, or may comprise a mixture of hydrogen H2 with one or more other gases.

[0040] In the fluidized bed 65, the reaction gas 60 reacts with the fine ore 55 to form reaction products 75. For example, hydrogen H2 has a reducing effect on the iron oxide particle support 70.

[0041] The reaction product 75 may be sponge iron having a metallization degree of, for example, 90% or more. The reaction product 75 has a higher metallization degree than, for example, the fine iron ore 55 fed through the filling opening 35, where the metallization degree is the ratio of the mass fraction of metallic iron to the total iron present in the reaction product 75. It should be noted that the metallization degree of the reaction product 75 may vary depending on the implementation of the process in the fluidized bed reactor 10.

[0042] The reaction of the reaction gas 60 with the fine ore 55 during processing of the fine ore 55 generates a temperature of between 500°C and 900°C in the fluidized bed 65. Since the fluidized bed 65 is formed directly above the distribution bottom 20, the distribution bottom 20 is also heated to a temperature of between 500°C and 900°C.

[0043] Furthermore, in the fluidized bed 65, the fine ore 55, its iron particle carriers 70, and the reaction products 75 are transported from the filling opening 35 to the discharge opening 40, and at the discharge opening 40, the reaction products 75 of the fine ore 55 are removed from the reaction space 30 together with the reaction gas 60.

[0044] The used reaction gas 80 is discharged from the reaction space 30 through the reaction gas outlet 50 due to the pressure difference between the reaction gas supply 45 and the reaction gas outlet 50. The used reaction gas 80 may comprise, for example, water vapor.

[0045] FIG. 2 shows the portion A marked in FIG. 1 of the dispensing bottom 20 shown in FIG.

[0046] The distribution bottom 20 has a first distribution plate 85 and a second distribution plate 90. The first distribution plate 85 is arranged below the second distribution plate 90. In this case, the first distribution plate 85 is arranged on the side facing the distribution space 25. The first distribution plate 85 is formed in a plate shape and extends approximately in the xy plane.

[0047] The first distribution plate 85 has a first lower surface 105 and a first upper surface 110, and the first upper surface 110 is arranged opposite the reaction space 30. The first lower surface 105 contacts the distribution space 25. The first distribution plate 85 has a first material thickness d1.

[0048] The first distribution plate 85 has a first arrangement 95 of first through openings 100. In one embodiment, a plurality of first through openings 100 are incorporated into the first distribution plate 85. For example, the first through openings 100 are formed identically to one another, so that the following description of one of the first through openings 100 applies to the other first through openings 100 as well. It will be appreciated that the first through openings 100 may also be formed differently from one another.

[0049] The first through-opening 100 extends from the first lower surface 105, i.e. from the distribution space 25, along a straight line 115 oriented substantially parallel to a z-axis perpendicular to the first distribution plate 85, in a first direction towards the first upper surface 110 and thus towards the reaction space 30. The first through-opening 100 can have, for example, a circular cross-section. The first cross-sectional area of ​​the first through-opening 100 can be, for example, 0.5 mm 2 ~3mm 2 It could be.

[0050] The second distribution plate 90 is disposed on the first upper surface 110. The second distribution plate 90 has a second arrangement 120 of cover portions 125 and contact portions .

[0051] FIG. 3 shows the cross-sectional view shown in FIG. 2, at the portion B marked in FIG.

[0052] The second distribution plate 90 is formed in one piece from a uniform material, for example, a thin-walled material, particularly a sheet material. Thin-walled here means a second material thickness of 0.5 mm to 4 mm. The second distribution plate 90 has a second lower surface 135 and a second upper surface 140. The second lower surface 135 is located opposite the first distribution plate 85 and the distribution space 25. The second upper surface 140 is connected to the reaction space 30 and defines the reaction space 30 below. The second distribution plate 90 almost completely covers the first upper surface 110 of the first distribution plate 85 in the z-direction. This allows the second distribution plate 90 to be mechanically supported by the first distribution plate 85.

[0053] The contact portion 130 is formed in a plate-like shape and extends in the xy plane, so that the contact portion 130 extends parallel to the first distribution plate 85. At the second lower surface 135, the contact portion 130 abuts on the first upper surface 110 of the first distribution plate 85 by surface. In this case, abutting on the surface is preferably understood to mean that the second lower surface 135 of the contact portion 130 is in contact with the first upper surface 110 of the first distribution plate 85 over at least 50 percent, preferably at least 70 percent, of its area.

[0054] Preferably, the contact portion 130 is connected to the first distribution plate 85 using a material connection 145, for example a welded connection 150. This embodiment reliably prevents the second distribution plate 90 from separating or being detached from the first distribution plate 85, even when the second distribution plate 90 is subjected to thermal stress.

[0055] The contact portions 130 are arranged offset in the x-direction and / or y-direction relative to the first through-openings 100. This prevents the first through-openings 100 from being closed by the contact portions 130 on the first upper surface 110. The contact portions 130 have a second material thickness d2 that is significantly smaller than the first material thickness d1 of the first distribution plate 85. In particular, the second material thickness can be 0.5 mm to 4 mm. It is particularly advantageous if the first material thickness d1 is greater than the second material thickness of the second distribution plate 90.

[0056] As already described, the second arrangement 120 has a plurality of cover portions 125. The cover portions 125 are spaced apart from one another in the x direction and / or the y direction. The cover portions 125 protrude beyond the contact portion 130 in the z direction. In this case, preferably, the first number of the first through openings 100 matches the second number of the cover portions 125.

[0057] Each cover portion 125 is mechanically connected to a contact portion 130. As a result, the cover portions 125 are mechanically connected to each other by the contact portions 130. As a result, a direct mechanical connection between the cover portions 125 and the first distribution plate 85 is not required.

[0058] In the following, the cover part 125 shown in Figure 3 will be described as an example, and what is described below also applies to the other cover parts 125 of the second arrangement 120.

[0059] The cover part 125 is embossed on the second distribution plate 90 and is arranged in the z direction away from the first upper surface 110 of the first distribution plate 85 so that the first through-opening is open on the first upper surface 110. In this case, the cover part 125 is arranged to cover the first through-opening 100 in the z direction. In this case, covering in the z direction is understood to mean that when two components, for example, the cover part 125 and the first through-opening 100, or for example, the second distribution plate 90 and the first distribution plate, extend in the z direction, which may also be referred to as the first direction, for example perpendicular to the z direction / first direction, and are projected on a projection plane formed, for example, as an xy plane, the components, in FIG. 3, the cover part 125 and the through-opening 100, overlap on the projection plane. In this way, the cover part 125 covers the first through-opening 100 toward the reaction space 30 and protects the first through-opening from the fluidized bed 65.

[0060] The cover part 125 has a first partial region 155 and a second partial region 160. The first partial region 155 extends substantially parallel to the first upper surface 110 and is arranged offset in the z direction relative to the first upper surface 110. In this case, the first partial region 155 may be formed in the shape of a plate. In a top view, the first partial region 155 may be formed in the shape of a circle in the x and y directions.

[0061] The first partial region 155 is mechanically connected to the contact 130 through the second partial region 160. The second partial region 160 may partially protrude above the first through-opening 100 and extends at an angle relative to the first partial region 155 and the contact 130.

[0062] The cover portion 125, together with the first upper surface 110 of the first distribution plate 85, defines a chamber 165. The chamber 165 extends in its main directions generally in the x and y directions. The height h of the chamber 165 is K is clearly smaller than the extension of the chamber 165 in the x and / or y directions. Furthermore, the height hK is for example constant over the length l of the chamber.

[0063] The first through-opening 100 opens into the chamber 165 at the first upper surface 110. A second through-opening 170 is introduced into the second distribution plate 90 between the contact area 130 and the first partial region 155 in the z-direction. The second through-opening 170 is slot-shaped and has a substantially constant opening height h in the z-direction. The opening height h may be, for example, 0.5 mm to 2 mm. In this case, the second through-opening 170 is configured such that the second cross-sectional area of ​​the second through-opening 170 is significantly larger than the first cross-sectional area of ​​the first through-opening 100. The chamber 165 fluidly connects the first through-opening 100 and the second through-opening 170.

[0064] The second through openings 170 can extend primarily over an angular segment in the xy plane, for example, between 70° and 120°. In this case, the second through openings extend, for example, on a circular path whose center is offset relative to the straight line 115. The second cross-sectional area forms the opening area of ​​the second through openings and is mathematically defined as the product of the angular segment (in radians) of the second through openings on their circular path in the xy plane, the opening height h, and the arc length. The second through openings 170 are cut or punched into the second distributor plate 90 in such a way that the free end of the first partial region 155 that contacts the second through openings 170 is arranged to cover the cutting surface 172 of the contact portion 130 in the z direction.

[0065] The chamber 165 has a generally cylindrical basic shape. The chamber 165 has a chamber cross-sectional area (in the xy plane) that is significantly larger than the first cross-sectional area and / or the second cross-sectional area. In the x and / or y direction, the chamber 165 has a chamber length l between the second through-opening 170 and the first through-opening 100. The chamber length l is significantly larger than the opening height h of the second through-opening 170. It is particularly advantageous if the ratio of the chamber length l to the opening height h is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 20.

[0066] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the distributor bottom 20 with the second distributor plate 90 viewed obliquely.

[0067] The cover portions 125 of the second arrangement 120 are arranged in a plurality of rows 175, for example, offset from one another in the x direction. In each row 175, the cover portions 125 are spaced apart from one another in the y direction, with the contact portions 130 extending between the cover portions 125. Preferably, the first orientation of the second through openings 170 is the same in each cover portion 125.

[0068] In one embodiment, the material connection 145 is formed by a plurality of intersecting weld seams 180, 185. Each weld seam 180, 185 is formed, for example, linearly and continuously. Two parallel first weld seams 180 intersect with two parallel second weld seams 185, respectively, to form a diamond shape 190, which surrounds the periphery of the cover part 125. Each weld seam 180, 185 is configured such that the penetration of the weld seam 180, 185 extends into the first distribution plate 85. Since the weld seams 180, 185 continue substantially without interruption, the chamber 165 is fluid-tightly sealed in the circumferential direction to the contact part 130 by the material connection 145.

[0069] The function of the distributor bottom 20 is explained below on the basis of Figures 1 to 4. As already explained in the context of Figure 1, the reaction gas 60 is guided through the distributor bottom 20 into the reaction space 30.

[0070] In this case, the reaction gas 60 flows through the first through-opening 100 in a first direction substantially parallel to a line 115 (see FIGS. 3 and 4). Because the first cross-sectional area is small, the reaction gas 60 has a relatively high first velocity v1 within the first through-opening 100.

[0071] The reaction gas 60 flowing through the first through-openings 100 enters the respective chambers 165. Because the chambers 165 have a large volume structure, the reaction gas 60 rapidly decelerates and flows through the chambers 165 at a second velocity v2. The second velocity v2 is significantly lower than the first velocity v1. Furthermore, the cover portion 125 redirects the reaction gas 60 in the second direction by approximately 90° relative to the line 115 (see FIG. 3 ) so that the reaction gas 60 flows through the chambers 165 generally in the x and / or y directions.

[0072] The reaction gas 60 exits the chamber 165 at the second through-opening 170. In this case, the reaction gas 60 flows through the second through-opening 170 at a third velocity v3 that is significantly lower than the first velocity v1. The third velocity v3 may be greater than the second velocity v2 within the chamber 165.

[0073] Due to the pressure difference between the distribution space 25 and the reaction gas discharge section 50, the reaction gas 60 flows through the second through-opening 170, and is then redirected generally in the z-direction by the second distribution plate 90, forming a fluidized bed 65 above the second distribution plate 90 together with the fine ore 55.

[0074] This guiding of the reaction gas 60 has the advantage that the reaction gas 60 flows out in an area across the angular section of the second through-opening 170 at a low third velocity v3, thereby avoiding local velocity increases of the reaction gas 60. This avoids local gas flow paths within the fluidized bed 65 and ensures a uniform distribution of the reaction gas across the entire cross-sectional area of ​​the fluidized-bed reactor. Furthermore, pressure fluctuations of the reaction gas 60 at the first through-opening 100 can be damped by the large-capacity structure of the chamber 165. This results in a particularly stable fluidized bed 65 containing the fine ore 55.

[0075] The circumferential sealing of the chambers 165 by the welded seams 180, 185 prevents the reaction gas 60 from migrating from one chamber 165 to another. This ensures a uniform volumetric flow rate of the reaction gas 60 through each chamber 165 of the distribution bottom 20. This further stabilizes the fluidized bed 65 in the reaction space 30 and prevents local defluidization.

[0076] If the fluidized-bed reactor 10 is shut down or the gas supply 60 is discontinued, the fluidized bed 65 collapses. As a result, a layer 230 of fine ore 55 and / or reaction products 75 forms on the second upper surface 140 (the layer 230 is shown by a dashed line in FIG. 2 ). While a small portion of the fine ore 55 and / or reaction products 75 may enter the chambers 165 through the second through-openings 170 and form a cone-shaped deposit in each chamber 165, the chamber length 1 ensures that the second through-openings 170 are positioned far enough away from the first through-openings 100 in the x and / or y directions that the fine ore 55 and / or reaction products 75 do not reach the first through-openings 100.

[0077] When starting up again, the fluid connection with the distribution space 25 of the chamber 165 through the first through opening 100 is ensured, so that the fine ore 55 and / or reaction products 75 that have entered the chamber 165 can be discharged from the chamber 165 using the reaction gas 60.

[0078] To form the distribution bottom 20, in a first method step a first plate-like blank is obtained. The first plate-like blank is cut and first through openings 100 for forming the first arrangements 95 are introduced into the first blank. This can be done, for example, by laser cutting or drilling the first through openings 100 in the first blank.

[0079] In a second method step, a plate-shaped sheet material is obtained. The sheet material is embossed with a second arrangement 120 of cover portions 125, and second through-openings 170 are cut into the sheet material. This can be done, for example, in a punching and bending step, preferably in a single processing step, so that the cover portions 125 are embossed substantially simultaneously. It is also possible to emboss only some of the cover portions 125 simultaneously in the punching and bending step. At the contact areas, the sheet material remains substantially undeformed, so that the plate-like structure of the contact areas 130 is maintained. Furthermore, second through-openings are cut simultaneously. The cutting of the through-openings preferably occurs simultaneously with the embossing of the cover portions 125.

[0080] In a third method step, the second distribution plate 90 is arranged with its second lower surface 135 on the first upper surface 110 so that the first through openings 100 are not covered by the contact portions 130 and are arranged opposite the cover portions 125 in the z-direction. This results in each first through opening 100 being covered by the arranged cover portion 125, forming a chamber 165. By forming the second distribution plate 90 in one piece from a uniform material, all cover portions 125 are aligned with the first arrangement of the first through openings 100 in the third method step, which significantly reduces the time required for aligning the cover portions 125.

[0081] In a fourth method step, a material connection 145 is formed to connect the contact portion 130 to the first distributor plate 85. For this, the first distributor plate 85 can be welded to the second distributor plate 90 using weld seams 180, 185, for example, within the scope of a laser welding process. This also results in a fluid-tight seal of the chamber 165 in the circumferential direction. The weld seams 180, 185 are preferably continuous. This makes it particularly easy to manufacture the distributor bottom 20 in just a few method steps.

[0082] FIG. 5 shows a schematic top view of a fluidized bed reactor 10 according to a second embodiment.

[0083] The fluidized-bed reactor 10 in Fig. 5 has substantially the same structure as the fluidized-bed reactor 10 described in Fig. 1 to Fig. 4. The following mainly describes the differences between the fluidized-bed reactor 10 shown in Fig. 5 and the fluidized-bed reactor 10 according to the first embodiment shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 4.

[0084] The distribution bottom 20 has a first region 200 and at least one second region 205. Optionally, the distribution bottom 20 can have a third region 210. The distribution bottom 20 extends in its main direction of extension generally in the x-direction, where the x-direction corresponds, for example, to the conveying direction of the fine ore 55 between the charging opening 35 and the discharging opening 40. Laterally in the y-direction, the distribution bottom 20 is defined by side edges 215, 220.

[0085] The first region 200 is disposed in the x-direction between the fill opening 35 and the discharge opening 40. To illustrate the location of the second through opening 170, the second through opening 170 is shown schematically in Figure 5 as a part-annular section. However, in the ideal case, the second through opening 170 would not be visible in the top view.

[0086] In the first region 200, the second through-openings 170 have the same first orientation. The first orientation of the second through-openings 170 is preferably selected so that the second through-openings 170 are located on the side of the cover part 125 opposite the fill opening 35. Furthermore, in the first region 200, the second through-openings 170 are oriented so that the volumetric flow of the reaction gas 60 is directed in the direction of the discharge opening 40, which is generally parallel to the x-axis.

[0087] In the second region 205, which is disposed between the first region 200 and the fill opening 35 in the x-direction, the second through openings 170 have a second orientation. For example, the second orientation is different from the first orientation of the second through openings 170 in the first region 200. For example, the second through openings 170 in the second region 205 may be oriented differently from one another. For example, the second orientation of the second through openings 170 in the second region 205 is selected so that the second through openings 170 are disposed on the side of the cover portion 125 opposite the fill opening 35. Furthermore, the second through openings 170 in the second region 205 are oriented so as to point away from one another in the direction of their respective nearest side edges 215, 220.

[0088] In the third region 210, the second through-opening 170 has a third orientation, which may be different from the first orientation and / or the second orientation, such that in the third region 210, the second through-opening 170 is arranged on a side of the cover part 125 opposite the discharge opening 40.

[0089] In the third region 210, the second through-opening 170 is arranged on the side of the cover part 125 facing away from the filling opening 35, but also facing away from the respective nearest side edges 215, 220. In this case, the second through-opening 170 is arranged on the side of the cover part 125 facing away from the discharge opening 40.

[0090] During operation of the fluidized-bed reactor 10 shown in FIG. 5 , the fine ore 55 is transported through the filling opening 35 into the reaction space 30. Here, the fine ore 55 is first transported to the second region 205. The second orientation of the second through-opening 170, directed toward the side edges 215, 220 and toward the discharge opening 40, causes the fine ore 55 to be carried away from the discharge opening 40 in the y-direction by the reaction gas 60 exiting in the second region 205 in the fluidized bed 65 and distributed across the entire width of the distribution bottom 20. This allows a particularly large mass flow rate of the fine ore 55 to be transported into the reaction space 30. Here, the reaction gas 60 exits the second through-opening 170 at an angle to the x- and y-axes, distributes the fine ore 55 across the entire width of the distribution bottom 20 in the y-direction, and transports the fine ore 55 to the first region 200.

[0091] The fine ore 55 distributed over the entire width is treated, particularly in the first region 200, and processed with the reaction gas 60 to form the reaction product 75. In this case, the fine ore 55 and the reaction product 75 are further transported in the x direction from the charging opening 35 towards the discharge opening 40. In this case, the reaction gas 60 mainly flows out of the second through-opening 170 in the first region 200 in the x direction and transports the fine ore 55 or the reaction product 75 in the direction of the discharge opening 40.

[0092] Upon reaching the third region 210, the fine ore 55 or reaction products 75 are concentrated and transported inward from the side edges 215, 220 in the direction of the discharge opening 40 due to the third orientation of the second through-openings 170. This allows the reaction products 75 to be particularly well removed from the reaction space 30 through the discharge opening 40 without the need for additional mechanical assistance for transporting the reaction products 75 towards the discharge opening.

[0093] FIG. 6 shows a schematic top view of a fluidized bed reactor 10 according to a third embodiment.

[0094] The fluidized-bed reactor 10 in Fig. 6 has substantially the same structure as the fluidized-bed reactor 10 described in Fig. 5. In the following, differences between the fluidized-bed reactor 10 shown in Fig. 6 and the fluidized-bed reactor 10 according to the second embodiment shown in Fig. 5 will be mainly described.

[0095] Additionally, the dispensing bottom 20 of FIG. 6 has a first peripheral region 235 and preferably a second peripheral region 240. In one embodiment, for example, the first peripheral region 235 and the second peripheral region 240 are provided. At least one of the two peripheral regions 235, 240 can be omitted. For example, in the x direction, the first peripheral region 235 and the second peripheral region 240 are arranged between the fill opening 35 and the third region 210. In the y direction, the first peripheral region 235 and the second peripheral region 240 are arranged offset from the fill opening 35. In this case, the first peripheral region 235 is connected to the first side edge 215 in the lateral direction. The first peripheral region 235 is in contact with the first region 200, preferably the second region 205, on the inner side. Furthermore, the second peripheral region 240 is laterally connected to the second side edge 220 and is laterally opposite the first peripheral region 235. The second peripheral region 240 is in contact with the first region 200, preferably the second region 205, on its inner side.

[0096] In the first peripheral region 235, the second through openings 170 are directed obliquely outward, away from the first region 200, in the direction of the first side edge 215. Furthermore, the second through openings 170 are arranged on a side of the cover part 125 facing the third region 210 in the longitudinal direction. For example, the orientation of the second through openings 170 is selected so that the reaction gas 60 flows in the x-direction towards the first side edge 215 at a first acute angle α towards the third region 210. The angle α may be between 30° and 60°.

[0097] In the second peripheral region 240, the second through openings 170 are directed obliquely outward, away from the first region 200, in the direction of the second side edge 220. Furthermore, the second through openings 170 are arranged on a side of the cover part 125 opposite the third region 210 and the second side edge 220 in the longitudinal direction. For example, the orientation of the second through openings 170 is selected so that the reaction gas 60 flows in the x-direction toward the third region 210 at a second acute angle β toward the second side edge 220. The second angle β may be the same as the first angle α and / or may be between 30° and 60°.

[0098] This embodiment has the advantage of better fluidizing the peripheral regions of the fluidized bed 65, thus minimizing negative edge effects on the fluidization behavior of the ore fines 55 and / or reaction products 75. [Explanation of symbols]

[0099] 10 Fluidized bed reactor 15 Reactor 20 Distribution bottom 25 Distribution space 30 Reaction Space 35 Filling opening 40 Discharge opening 45 Reaction gas supply section 50 Reaction gas exhaust section 55 Fine Ore 60 Reactive Gas 65 Fluidized Bed 70 Iron particle carrier 75 Reaction Products 80 Reaction gases used 85 First distribution plate 90 Second distribution plate 95 First Placement 100 first through opening 105 First bottom surface 110 First top surface 115 straight line 120 Second Arrangement 125 Cover 130 Contact part 135 Second Lower Surface 140 Second Top 145 Material Connection 150 Welded joint 155 First Subregion 160 Second subregion 165 Chamber 170 Second through opening 171 Free end 172 cross section 175 columns 180 First Weld Seam 185 Second Weld Seam 190 diamond 200 First Area 205 Second Area 210 The Third Region 215 First side edge 220 Second side edge 230 layers 235 First Periphery 240 Second Periphery

Claims

1. A fluidized bed reactor (10) for processing oxidized fine ore (55), comprising: - the fluidized bed reactor (10) comprises a reactor (15) with a distribution bottom (20), a distribution space (25) and a reaction space (30), - said distribution bottom (20) spatially separates said reaction space (30) from said distribution space (25); - said distributor bottom (20) comprises a first distributor plate (85) and a second distributor plate (90) arranged on said first distributor plate (85); the first distribution plate (85) is arranged opposite the distribution space (25) and the second distribution plate (90) is arranged opposite the reaction space (30), - said first distribution plate (85) has a first arrangement (95) of first through-openings (100) extending from said distribution space (25) into said reaction space (30) in a first direction (z), - said second distribution plate (90) has a plate-like contact portion (130) extending parallel to said first distribution plate (85); - said second distribution plate (90) further comprises a second arrangement (120) of cover parts (125); said contact portion (130) abuts said first distributor plate (85) at a distance from said first location (95) of said first through-openings (100); - each cover part (125) of said second arrangement (120) is arranged at a distance from said first through-opening (100) in a first direction (z) and covers said first through-opening (100) arranged in said reaction space (30); - said second distribution plate (90) has in each of said cover parts (125) second through-openings (170) arranged in a second direction (x, y) inclined with respect to said first direction (z), offset from said first through-openings (100) and inclined with respect to a straight line (115) along said first direction (z); a fluidized bed reactor (10) in which a reaction gas (60) can be introduced from the distribution space (25) through the first through-opening (100) and the second through-opening (170) into the reaction space (30) in order to treat the fine ore (55) and to form a fluidized bed (65) consisting of the fine ore (55) and the reaction gas (60).

2. A fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 1, wherein said ore is iron ore.

3. - said contact portions (130) mechanically connect the cover portions (125) of said second arrangement (120) arranged offset relative to one another, The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said contact portion (130) is mechanically connected to said first distributor plate (85).

4. A fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 3, characterized in that said second distributor plate (90) is integral and made of a uniform material.

5. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 3 or 4, wherein said second arrangement (120) of said cover part (125) is embossed on said second distribution plate (90).

6. - said first distribution plate (85) and said cover part (125) each define a chamber (165); The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the chamber (165) extends in the second direction (x, y) between the first through-opening (100) and the second through-opening (170), parallel to the first distribution plate (85).

7. - said chamber (165) has a chamber cross-sectional area, said first through-opening (100) has a first cross-sectional area and said second through-opening (170) has a second cross-sectional area; - said second cross-sectional area is greater than said first cross-sectional area; The fluidized bed reactor (10) of claim 6, wherein said chamber cross-sectional area is greater than said second cross-sectional area.

8. - said chamber (165) has a chamber length (l) in said second direction (x, y) between said first through-opening (100) and said second through-opening (170); - said second through opening (170) has an opening height (h) in said first direction (z), The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the opening height (h) of the second through opening (170) is smaller than the chamber length (l) of the chamber (165).

9. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 8, wherein the ratio of the chamber length (l) to the opening height (h) is between 1 and 20.

10. 10. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the second distribution plate (90) covers the first upper surface (110) of the first distribution plate (85) at least in the region of the first arrangement (95), inclined relative to the first upper surface (110) mainly in the first direction (z).

11. 11. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 10, wherein the second distributor plate (90) completely covers the first upper surface (110) of the first distributor plate (85), at least in the region of the first arrangement (95).

12. - said distribution bottom (20) has a first area (200) and at least one second area (205); - in said first region (200), said second through-openings (170) of the second arrangement (120) each have the same first orientation; 12. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein in the second region (205), the second through-openings (170) of the second arrangement (120) each have a second orientation different from the first orientation.

13. - has a filling opening (35) opening into said reaction space (30) and a discharge opening (40) opening into said reaction space (30), - the filling opening (35) is arranged opposite the discharge opening (40), and fine ore (55) can be transported through the filling opening (35) into the reaction space (30); - through said discharge opening (40) reaction products (75) resulting from the reaction of said fine ore (55) with the reaction gas (60) can be transported from said reaction space (30); - said first region (200) is located between said filling opening (35) and said discharge opening (40); 13. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 12, wherein in the first region (200), the second through-openings (170) are respectively arranged on the sides of the cover part (125) opposite the discharge openings (40).

14. - said second area (205) is located between the fill opening (35) and said first area (200); 14. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the second through-opening (170) is arranged in the second region (205) on the side facing away from the filling opening (35) and facing the side edges (215, 220) of the distribution bottom (20) so that the fine ore (55) can be distributed from the filling opening (35) in the direction of the side edges (215, 220) by means of the outflowing reaction gas (60).

15. - said distribution bottom (20) has a third area (210), - said third area (210) is located between said first area (200) and the discharge opening (40); in said third region (210), said second through openings (170) each have a third orientation different from said first orientation; 15. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 12, wherein the second through-openings (170) are arranged in the third region (210) on the side of the cover part (125) facing the discharge opening (40) and on the side facing away from the side edges (215, 220) of the distribution bottom (20) so that the fine ore (55) and / or reaction products (75) resulting from the reaction of the fine ore (55) with the reaction gas (60) can be transported from the side edges (215, 220) in the direction of the discharge opening (40) by means of the outflowing reaction gas (60).

16. - said dispensing bottom (20) has at least one peripheral region (235, 240), - said peripheral areas (235, 240) are arranged between said first area (200) and the discharge opening (40) and laterally adjoining the side edges (215, 220) of said distribution bottom (20); 16. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 12, wherein the second through-openings (170) are arranged in the peripheral region (235, 240) on the side of the cover part (125) facing the discharge opening (40) and on the side of the distribution bottom (20) facing the side edges (215, 220) respectively, so that the fine ore (55) and / or reaction products (75) resulting from the reaction of the fine ore (55) with a reaction gas (60) can be transported in the direction of the discharge opening (40) by means of the outflowing reaction gas (60).

17. - said second through opening (170) is slot-shaped, The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the second through openings (170) have a substantially constant opening height (h) in the first direction (z).

18. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the first distribution plate (85) and the contact portion (130) are sealed around the first through openings (100), respectively, in the circumferential direction relative to the straight line (115).

19. 19. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 18, wherein the contact portions (130) are materially connected to the first distributor plate (85) in the circumferential direction around the first through-opening (100).

20. The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to claim 19, wherein the contact portions (130) are welded to the first distribution plate (85) respectively in the circumferential direction around the first through opening (100).

21. - said cover part (125) has a first partial area (155) and a second partial area (160), - said first partial area (155) is arranged to extend parallel to said first distributor plate (85) and covers said first through-opening (100); - said first partial area (155) at least partially covers said first through opening (100); The fluidized bed reactor (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein the second partial region (160) is arranged obliquely inclined relative to the first partial region (155) and connects the first partial region (155) to the contact portion (130).

22. A method for producing a fluidized bed reactor (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 21, comprising the steps of: - a first distribution plate (85) is provided with a first arrangement (95) of first through openings (100), - a plate-like sheet material is embossed with a second arrangement (120) comprising a plurality of cover portions (125), and second through openings (170) are cut into said sheet material; a second distribution plate (90) is placed on said first distribution plate (85) so that each of said first through openings (100) is covered by said cover part (125) arranged thereon; - the contact portion (130) is mechanically connected to said first distributor plate (85);

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the second through opening (170) is cut in a single processing step.

24. A method according to claim 23, wherein said second through opening (170) is stamped.

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