Ceiling base structure and building construction method

Abstract

To allow the height of a ceiling substrate structure to be reduced.SOLUTION: A ceiling substrate structure 1 comprises: a fixing member 4 supported with a ceiling slab 7 and extending in a first direction X; first and second ceiling joist receivers 3A, 3B attached on the fixing member 4 at both lateral sides of the fixing member 4 and extending parallel to the fixing member 4; and first and second ceiling joists 2A, 2B supported on the first and second ceiling joist receivers 3A, 3B at the ends parts 21 and extending from the end parts 21 in a second direction Y intersecting with the first direction X in directions opposite to each other to support finishing material 6 of the ceiling. The fixing member 4, the first and second ceiling joist receivers 3A, 3B, and the first and second ceiling joists 2A, 2B are arranged at the same height. The fixing member 4 is a beam extending in parallel to the first and second ceiling joist receivers 3A, 3B.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a ceiling substrate structure and a building construction method. [Background technology]

[0002] The ceilings of buildings are sometimes double-layered to ensure space for installing electrical wires and other items and to improve design. In a double-layered ceiling structure, a ceiling substructure is installed at the bottom of the ceiling slab (floor slab), and ceiling finishing materials are attached to the ceiling substructure. As disclosed in Patent Document 1, a typical ceiling substructure has a structure that includes a rafter and a rafter support that supports it. The rafter support and the rafter are arranged perpendicular to each other, and the rafter support is fixed to the ceiling slab via hanging studs. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 5636218 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The floor height of a building can be restricted by various factors. In order to ensure the interior height while adhering to such restrictions, it is effective to reduce the required height of the ceiling substructure.

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a ceiling substrate structure with a reduced height and a building construction method using the same. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The ceiling substructure of the present invention comprises a fixed member supported by a ceiling slab and extending in a first direction, first and second siding supports attached to the fixed member on both sides of the fixed member and extending parallel to the fixed member, and first and second siding supports whose ends are supported by the first and second siding supports and which extend from the ends in opposite directions to each other in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and which support a ceiling finishing material. A first plate member disposed on the upper surface of the fixing member, a stud fixed to an embedded metal fitting provided in the ceiling slab, and a lower nut screwed onto the stud; It has the following characteristics. The fixing member has a through hole through which the stud is inserted, the first plate member has a hole with an internal thread that engages with the stud, and a lower nut is threaded onto the stud below the fixing member. The fixing member, the first and second sill supports, and the first and second sills are arranged at the same height, and the fixing member is a beam that extends parallel to the first and second sill supports.

[0007] The building construction method of the present invention includes supporting a fixed member extending in a first direction on a ceiling slab, attaching first and second sill supports extending parallel to the fixed member to the fixed member on both sides of the fixed member, attaching the first and second sill supports to the first and second sill supports so that their ends are supported by the first and second sill supports and extend from the ends in opposite directions to each other in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and attaching ceiling finishing materials to the first and second sill supports. Supporting the fixing member on the ceiling slab includes fixing a stud to an embedded metal fitting provided in the ceiling slab, engaging the stud with a female thread formed in a hole in the first plate member, inserting the stud through the through hole in the fixing member so that the first plate member is positioned on the upper surface of the fixing member, and screwing a lower nut onto the stud below the fixing member. The fixing member, the first and second sill supports, and the first and second sills are arranged at the same height, and the fixing member is a beam that extends parallel to the first and second sill supports. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] According to the present invention, since the fixing members, the first and second sill supports, and the first and second sills are arranged at the same height, it is possible to provide a ceiling substructure with a reduced height and a building construction method using the same. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a ceiling substrate structure according to a first embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a ceiling plan illustrating an example of an area where a ceiling substructure is applied. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of the ceiling substructure shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 4]4A to 4C are diagrams illustrating the effects of the ceiling foundation structure according to the first embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged view of a ceiling substrate structure according to a second embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a partially enlarged view of a ceiling substrate structure according to a third embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] Hereinafter, an embodiment of a ceiling substructure and a building construction method of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description and drawings, the X direction (first direction) is the direction in which the fixing members and siding support extend, and the Y direction (second direction) is the direction in which the siding extends. The X and Y directions are horizontal directions that are parallel to the bottom edge of the ceiling slab and perpendicular to each other. The Z direction is the vertical direction, perpendicular to the X and Y directions. This embodiment is intended for a slab-type apartment building.

[0011] (First embodiment) Fig. 1(a) is an exploded perspective view of a ceiling substrate structure 1 according to a first embodiment, and Fig. 1(b) is a partially enlarged view thereof. Fig. 2 is a ceiling plan illustrating an example of an area to which the ceiling substrate structure 1 of this embodiment is applied. Fig. 3(a) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in Fig. 2, and Fig. 3(b) is a cross-sectional view (plan view) taken along line BB in Fig. 3(a).

[0012] The ceiling substructure 1 has a plurality of joists 2 that support the ceiling finishing material 6, and a plurality of joist supports 3 that support the joists 2. The joists 2 and joist supports 3 extend in the Y and X directions, respectively. The joists 2 are hollow beams with a square or rectangular cross section formed by bending a metal plate. Electric wires 13 for lighting are installed on top of the joists 2. The joist support 3 is a beam with a U-shaped cross section formed by bending a metal plate. The joist support 3 is composed of an upper horizontal section 31 with a horizontal upper surface, a lower horizontal section 32 with a horizontal lower surface, and a vertical section 33 that connects the upper horizontal section 31 and the lower horizontal section 32.

[0013] Referring to FIG. 2, the siding 2 is divided into four sections in the Y direction in the living / dining / kitchen area, with two siding supports 3 and one fixing member 4 provided between each row of siding 2. The siding 2 is divided into two sections in the Y direction in the bedroom BR, with two siding supports 3 and one fixing member 4 provided between each row of siding 2. The siding supports 3 on the wall side are directly supported on the wall 8 by metal fittings (not shown) embedded in the wall 8. The end 21 of the siding 2 is fitted into and supported by an opening 34 in the siding support 3. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the openings 34 of the two siding supports 3 supporting both ends 21 of the siding 2 face each other in the Y direction, and the siding 2 is supported by these two openings 34. The length of the siding 2 is shorter than the distance between the vertical portions 33 of the pair of siding supports 3 supporting the siding 2. This makes it possible to insert the siding 2 into the openings 34 of the two siding supports 3 while it is at an angle to the Y direction, and then rotate the siding 2 in the Y direction, making it easy to fix the siding 2 to the siding supports 3. The siding 2 is fixed to the siding supports 3 with screws (not shown). The finishing material 6 is made of gypsum board, and is fixed to the bottom surface 22 of the siding 2 with screws or adhesive. Vinyl cloth (not shown) is attached to the surface of the finishing material 6. The surface of the finishing material 6 can also be finished with paint, base finish, etc.

[0014] The fixing member 4 is a beam extending parallel to the siding support 3, i.e., in the X direction. The fixing member 4 is supported on the ceiling slab 7 via a plurality of studs 9 arranged at regular intervals. The fixing member 4 is a steel beam with a roughly U-shaped cross section, consisting of a central horizontal section 41 and a pair of vertical sections 42 connected to both ends of the horizontal section 41. The horizontal section 41 is connected to the upper end of the vertical section 42, and the underside of the fixing member 4 forms an opening 43. The horizontal section 41 has a through hole 44 through which the stud 9 is inserted. The through hole 44 is an elongated hole with a width (Y-direction dimension) larger than the outer diameter of the stud 9 and a major axis in the X direction. The elongated hole facilitates positioning of the fixing member 4 relative to the stud 9 or the ceiling slab 7 in the X direction. A pair of siding support 3 is attached to both sides of the fixing member 4 in the Y direction, i.e., to a pair of vertical sections 42 of the fixing member 4. Hereinafter, these siding support 3 will be referred to as the first siding support 3A and the second siding support 3B. Furthermore, the siding 2 supported by the first siding support 3A is referred to as the first siding 2A, and the siding 2 supported by the second siding support 3B is referred to as the second siding 2B. The first siding 2A and the second siding 2B have their respective ends 21 supported by the first siding support 3A and the second siding support 3B, and extend in opposite directions from their respective ends 21 in the Y direction. The opposing vertical portions 33 of the first and second siding supports 3A, 3B are fixed to a pair of vertical portions 42 of the fixing member 4 by screws 11.

[0015] A first plate member 5 is disposed on the upper surface of the horizontal portion 41 of the fixing member 4. The first plate member 5 has a female-threaded hole 51 that engages with the stud 9 and is used to adjust the level of the siding support 3. The shape of the first plate member 5 is not particularly limited and can be selected appropriately from circular, rectangular, polygonal, etc. As shown by the dashed line in Figure 3, a nut (upper nut 5A) may be used instead of the plate member 5. In this case, the upper nut 5A and the lower nut 10 are disposed on both sides of the fixing member 4. Since general-purpose nuts can be used, costs can be reduced.

[0016] Studs 9 are threadedly fixed into threaded holes in embedded metal fittings 12 provided in the ceiling slab 7. The studs 9 engage with female threads cut into holes 51 in the first plate member 5, pass through through holes 44 in the fixing member 4, and are threaded into lower nuts 10 below the fixing member 4, more precisely on the underside of the horizontal part 41.

[0017] In this embodiment, the fixing member 4, the first and second sill supports 3A, 3B, and the first and second sill supports 2A, 2B are arranged at the same height (Z direction position). This reduces the required height of the ceiling substructure 1. The advantages of this will be explained with reference to FIG. 4.

[0018] Figure 4(a) is a vertical cross-sectional view of a portion of a conventional apartment building. The ceiling slab 107 of the apartment building varies in level depending on the location; for example, there is a step between the balcony BAL and the living / dining / kitchen area. The living / dining / kitchen area's ceiling slab 107 (which becomes a floor slab on upper floors) is a double-floored structure, so the living / dining / kitchen area's floor surface 14 is slightly higher than the balcony BAL. The ceiling is covered with a finish material 6 supported by a conventional ceiling substructure, and the interior height H1 of the apartment is determined by the distance between the floor surface 14 and the finish material 6. Meanwhile, drain pipes 15 connected to the kitchen, toilet, etc. are located under the floor, and the drain pipe 15 from the bathroom, in particular, has a large diameter. Therefore, the ceiling slab 107 must be lowered in part to accommodate these drain pipes 15 (part A in the figure). However, since the floor surface 14 needs to be as consistent as possible within the apartment, a lowered ceiling is created, partially reducing the interior height H1 of the apartment. This not only reduces the comfort of the apartment, but also complicates the building structure and reduces construction workability. This problem can be solved by increasing the floor height H per floor, but the floor height H is subject to various restrictions and cannot be easily changed.

[0019] Figure 4(b) is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a portion of an apartment building to which the ceiling substructure 1 of this embodiment is applied. The floor height H is the same as in Figure 4(a). However, because the height of the ceiling substructure 1 is reduced, the height h from the bottom of the ceiling slab 7 to the bottom of the finishing material 6 (the height of the double ceiling section) is reduced. As a result, the floor surface 14 can be raised while maintaining the same interior height H1 as before. Therefore, while maintaining the underfloor height to accommodate the drain pipe 15, there is no need to provide a step in the ceiling slab 7, or the height of the step is reduced. Conventional ceiling substructures have a two-tiered structure with a siding support on the top of the siding, and the siding and the siding support intersect three-dimensionally. In this embodiment, the conventional siding support is divided into two, and the siding support 3 is passed through the gap, allowing the siding 2 and the siding support 3 to intersect at a level. In addition, the fixing member 4 for fixing the siding support 3 to the ceiling slab 7 is also provided on the side of the siding support 3, so the fixing member 4 does not affect the height of the ceiling substructure 1. In a conventional ceiling substructure, the height h of the double ceiling section must be at least 100 mm, but in this embodiment, this can be reduced to about 50 mm. If the 50 mm reduction is entirely redirected to increasing the underfloor space, sufficient space can be obtained to accommodate the drain pipe 15 without creating a step in the ceiling slab 7.

[0020] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the fixing member 4 and the lower nut 10 are positioned between the first sill support 3A and the second sill support 3B and do not protrude downward. This makes the underside of the ceiling substructure 1 substantially flat, allowing the ceiling surface to be flat when viewed from inside the room.

[0021] The ceiling substructure 1 of this embodiment is constructed as follows. In the following description, it is assumed that a first plate member 5 is provided, but similar construction is possible when an upper nut 5A is provided. First, the fixing member 4 extending in the Y direction is supported on the ceiling slab 7. Specifically, the first plate member 5 is rotated and passed through the studs 9, and the holes 51 in the first plate member 5 are screwed into the studs 9. As shown in FIG. 1 , the ceiling substructure 1 is suspended by multiple studs 9, so the holes 51 in the other first plate members 5 are similarly screwed into the studs 9. Next, these studs 9 are passed through the corresponding through holes 44 in the fixing member 4. The order in which the studs 9 are passed through the through holes 44 and the holes 51 is not important. The fixing member 4 and the multiple first plate members 5 are temporarily fixed together with the lower nut 10. Next, in this state, the studs 9 are screwed into the threaded holes of the multiple embedded metal fittings 12. Next, each first plate member 5 is turned to adjust the distance between the ceiling slab 7 and the multiple first plate members 5 to a predetermined value. Adjusting the distance between the ceiling slab 7 and the first plate members 5 can be done using a standard method such as a tape measure. The fixing members 4 are brought into close contact with the first plate members 5, and the bottom nuts 10 are tightened to fix each siding support 3 at a predetermined height. The siding support 3 is installed along the wall 8 prior to or in parallel with the above work.

[0022] Next, the first and second siding supports 3A and 3B, which extend parallel to the fixing member 4, are attached to the fixing member 4 on both sides of the fixing member 4. Screws 11 are fastened from the openings 34 of the first and second siding supports 3A and 3B toward the fixing member 4, but they may also be fastened from the openings 43 of the fixing member 4 toward the first and second siding supports 3A and 3B. Alternatively, the first and second siding supports 3A and 3B can be attached to the fixing member 4 by methods such as thermal fusion. Next, the first and second siding supports 2A and 2B are attached to the first and second siding supports 3A and 3B. As described above, the siding support 2 is first tilted relative to the Y direction and inserted into the openings 34 of the first and second siding supports 3A and 3B, then rotated in the Y direction and fixed to the first and second siding supports 3A and 3B with screws (not shown). Finally, the ceiling finishing material 6 is attached to the siding support 2.

[0023] (Second embodiment) FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 3 of a ceiling substructure 1 according to a second embodiment. Here, differences from the first embodiment will be explained. Points omitted from the explanation are the same as those in the first embodiment. The fixing member 4 is composed of a horizontal portion 45 provided with a through hole 44 similar to that in the first embodiment. The fixing member 4 is a long plate extending in the X direction. When viewed from the Z direction, the fixing member 4 has a width (Y direction dimension) that overlaps with the lower horizontal portions 32 of the first and second soffit supports 3A, 3B, and the lower surfaces of the lower horizontal portions 32 of the first and second soffit supports 3A, 3B are fixed to the horizontal portion 45 with screws 11. This makes it possible to position the first and second soffit supports 3A, 3B higher than in the first embodiment. The Z-direction positions of the first and second siding supports 3A, 3B can be determined based on the space required for the electrical wires 13 installed on the first and second siding supports 2A, 2B and the space required for the construction of the first and second siding supports 2A, 2B. This allows for a further reduction in the height of the ceiling substructure 1 compared to the first embodiment. Furthermore, the first and second siding supports 3A, 3B can be fastened to the fixing members 4 with screws 11 from below, improving workability. In this embodiment, the tips of the studs 9 and the lower nuts 10 extend below the horizontal portion 45, causing the finishing material 6 to be partially lowered accordingly. However, this only creates a localized protrusion on the ceiling surface, and the impact on livability is limited. Furthermore, the finishing material 6 can be thickened to accommodate this protrusion, which can provide secondary benefits such as improved soundproofing.

[0024] (Third embodiment) FIG. 6 is a diagram similar to FIG. 3 of a ceiling substructure 1 according to a third embodiment. Differences from the second embodiment will be described here. The omitted points are the same as those in the second embodiment. This embodiment includes a first plate member 52 having the same configuration as the plate member 5 in the second embodiment and a second plate member 53 having holes 54 with internal threads for engaging with studs 9. The second plate member 53 engages with the upper surfaces of the upper horizontal portions 31 of the first and second soffit supports 3A and 3B. The first and second soffit supports 3A and 3B are not only supported from below by the horizontal portion 45 of the fixing member 4 but also held from above by the second plate member 53, improving stability. As indicated by the dashed line, the first plate member 52 and the second plate member 53 may be integrated with a connecting member 55. This fixes the distance between the first plate member 52 and the second plate member 53, thereby improving the effectiveness of securing the first and second soffit supports 3A and 3B. Furthermore, by turning the first plate member 52, the second plate member 53 also moves up and down together, which improves workability.

[0025] Although the present invention has been described above using several embodiments, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments. For example, in each of the above-described embodiments, the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, but they may intersect at an angle other than 90 degrees. Buildings to which the present invention can be applied are not limited to slab-type apartment buildings, but also include any building to which a ceiling substructure can be applied, such as other homes and offices. [Explanation of symbols]

[0026] 1 Ceiling base structure 2. No-en 2A First Rung 2B Second Rung 3 Noenuke 3A First Noenuke 3B Second noenuke 4 Fixing member 5 Plate member 5A Upper nut 6 Finishing materials 7 Ceiling slab 9 studs 10 Bottom Nut 31 Upper horizontal section 32 Lower horizontal part 33 Vertical section 41,45 Horizontal part 44 through holes 51 holes 52 first plate member 53 Second plate member X first direction Y Second direction

Claims

1. a fixing member supported by the ceiling slab and extending in a first direction; First and second sill supports attached to the fixing member on both sides of the fixing member and extending parallel to the fixing member; First and second siding members each having an end supported by the first and second siding members and extending in opposite directions from the end in a second direction intersecting the first direction to support a ceiling finishing material; a first plate member disposed on an upper surface of the fixing member; a stud fixed to an embedded metal fitting provided in the ceiling slab; a lower nut threadably engaging the stud; the fixing member has a through hole through which the stud is inserted, the first plate member has a hole formed with an internal thread that engages with the stud, and the lower nut is threaded onto the stud below the fixing member; A ceiling substructure in which the fixing member, the first and second soffit supports, and the first and second soffits are arranged at the same height, and the fixing member is a beam extending parallel to the first and second soffit supports.

2. 2. The ceiling substructure according to claim 1, wherein the ceiling slab is a ceiling slab in a dwelling unit of an apartment building, and the ceiling slab has no steps.

3. The ceiling substructure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fixing member and the lower nut are arranged between the first sill support and the second sill support.

4. a fixing member extending in a first direction supported by a ceiling slab; Attaching first and second sill supports extending parallel to the fixing member to the fixing member on both sides of the fixing member; Attaching first and second sills to the first and second sill supports so that end portions of the sills are supported by the first and second sill supports and extend from the end portions in opposite directions to each other in a second direction intersecting the first direction; and attaching a ceiling finishing material to the first and second rough frames; The step of supporting the fixing member on the ceiling slab includes: Fixing studs to embedded hardware provided in the ceiling slab; engaging the stud with internal threads formed in a hole in a first plate member; inserting the stud through the through hole of the fixing member so that the first plate member is disposed on an upper surface of the fixing member; and threading a lower nut onto the stud below the fastener. A building construction method in which the fixing member, the first and second soffit supports, and the first and second soffits are arranged at the same height, and the fixing member is a beam extending parallel to the first and second soffit supports.

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