The invention provides a fireproof environment-friendly aluminum-plastic composite board and a preparing method thereof. The composite board is formed by compounding a surface aluminum board, a halogen-free adhesive layer, a flame retardant polyethylene core layer, halogen-free adhesive layer and a bottom aluminum board. The core layer is formed by halogen-free flame retardant with aluminum hydroxide as a principal component, continuous activation is carried out, and refining composite coupling processing is carried out on the surface of the core layer, the fireproof environment-friendly aluminum-plastic composite board has excellent flame retardance and smoke suppression performance and carbon forming and molten drop preventing performance, the fireproof environment-friendly aluminum-plastic composite board can absorb heat and be dewatered at a high temperature, heat generated through combustion can be taken away, combustion speed can be lowered, flame spreading can be prevented, dense smoke and poisonous gas cannot be generated, and secondary pollution cannot be caused to the environment. Compared with the prior art, combustion performance is improved effectively, quality is stable and controllable, manufacturing is easy and convenient, industrialized production is easy to form, the performance requirements of fire safety of building and ornament materials by our country can be met completely, the important policies and guidelines of replacing wood with plastics, energy conservation and environment protection, security protection and the like of our country are met completely, and the fireproof environment-friendly aluminum-plastic composite board is widely applied to the fields of outer walls of buildings, curtain wall boards, old building renovation, indoor walls, ceiling decorations, advertising boards and the like.