Coal mining method for mining extremely thin coal seams

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of thin coal seam mining, and provides a mining method for mining extremely thin coal seams. In the mining method, two front engine coal miners and a long arm box are used as the main mining equipment to perform longwall mining of extremely thin coal seams, and the mining zones are parallel to each other. After one coal miner finishes mining work in one mining zone, the other coal miner is used to work on the adjacent coal, and another new mining zone is opened. As the excavation work of the new mining zone progresses, the long arm box is synchronously removed from the previous mining zone, and the removed long arm box is docked with the coal miner in the new mining zone. In this method, the rock wall of the extremely thin coal seam is not destroyed by mining by using a horizontal drum shear with a small drum radius to perform the mining work, and the long arm box is alternately used in two adjacent mining zones, so that many long arm boxes used for coal mining work are avoided from concentrating and staying in the tunnel.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of thin coal seam mining, and in particular to a coal mining method for mining extremely thin coal seams. [Background technology]

[0002] Coal is used as the main energy source in industrial production in China, and coal seams mined through tunnel work are often referred to as thin coal seams if they are less than 1.3 m thick, and ultra-thin coal seams if they are less than 0.9 m thick.

[0003] According to industry standards, coal seams mined through tunneling operations are considered thin if they are less than 1.3m thick, and ultra-thin if they are less than 0.9m thick.

[0004] Currently, when mining thin coal seams, if the coal seam has a soft rock coal seam roof or soft rock coal seam bed, many mines use comprehensive mining techniques and equipment to increase the top and bottom mining depths, which increases equipment wear, material consumption, and raw coal cleaning and sorting costs.However, since the process as a whole is mature and the costs are predictable, many companies are willing to accept this mining method.

[0005] Common coal mining machines include drum shears, hovels, and auger drill miners.

[0006] Among these, when a drum shear and hoe are used to mine thin coal seams, the thickness of the thin coal seam is smaller than the mining scale of the mining equipment, and the hard coal seam roof and coal seam floor are destroyed during the mining process, generating large amounts of gangue, which increases the gangue content of the mined coal, causing serious wear and tear on the equipment, and significantly increasing the cleaning and sorting costs, among other problems.

[0007] Auger drill miners are mining equipment that allows for the extraction of extremely thin coal seams. However, they are susceptible to geological conditions, the gravity and unbalanced moment of the drill and boring rod during drilling, which often results in misalignment between the drill and boring rod, limiting the drilling depth. The time required to attach and detach the boring rod severely impacts mining efficiency. The drilling room is dependent on the condition of the coal seam roof during drilling, leaving small coal pillars, resulting in a narrow mining width and low mining efficiency and resource extraction rate. In particular, the drilling process lacks sufficient disaster prevention measures, such as for gas, and safety standards are currently being revoked.

[0008] Therefore, currently used thin coal seam comprehensive mechanized mining equipment can only be used to mine coal seams with a mining height of more than 0.9m, and the working conditions are harsh. Even with intelligent mining control technology, personnel must enter the working surface to perform maintenance and accident response, resulting in a high mining accident rate, increased material consumption, significantly increased mining and cleaning costs, and low economic benefits. For coal seams with hard coal seam roofs and beds less than 0.85m thick, comprehensive mechanized mining is not yet possible. Even advanced conventional mining processes can only be used for coal seams 0.7m or thicker. In coal-shortage areas or small mines mining rare coal species, the only option for mining coal seams with a mining height of less than 0.7m is the traditional method of blasting the coal and artificially collecting it.

[0009] In light of the above, it is urgent to develop a set of technologies and equipment for intelligent mining of thin and ultra-thin coal seams to solve the problems of mining coal seams with hard coal seam roofs and coal seam floors and ultra-thin coal seams, especially the problems of mining protective layers under conditions where the coal seam roofs and coal seam floors are hard.

[0010] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a coal mining method for mining an extremely thin coal seam. Summary of the Invention

[0011] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A mining method for mining an extremely thin coal seam, using two front-engine coal miners and a long-arm box as main mining equipment to carry out longwall mining of the extremely thin coal seam, with parallel mining zones, using one coal miner to complete mining work in one mining zone, and then using the other coal miner to work on the adjacent coal, opening up another new mining zone, and as the excavation work in the new mining zone progresses, the long-arm box is synchronously removed from the previous mining zone, and the removed long-arm box is docked with the coal miner in the new mining zone; in particular, Step 1: Opening the tunnel lane wire mesh; Step 2 involves preparatory work before coal mining begins; Step 3: performing excavation work in the first mining zone, and terminating the excavation work in the first mining zone when the coal miner reaches its maximum stroke; Step 4: After completing the excavation work in the first mining zone, excavation work in the second mining zone is carried out; Step 5: removing the first coal mining machine and the mobile truck transport equipment, preparing for coal mining work in the next mining zone, and treating the mining remains of the first mining zone; and step 6 of repeating steps 4 and 5 until all mining operations of the ultra-thin coal seam are completed.

[0012] Furthermore, in step 1, when performing opening processing on the lane wire mesh of the tunnel, specifically, openings are cut in the lane wire mesh of the tunnel.

[0013] Furthermore, in step 2, the preparation work before the coal mining operation specifically involves moving the truck transport equipment to the opening, laying a loader along the tunnel on the side closer to the mining lane in the tunnel, suspending the first coal mining machine to the opening position using a hoisting tooling, and adjusting the angle of the coal mining machine.

[0014] Furthermore, in step 3, the flow of the excavation work in the first mining zone is, specifically, to start the first coal mining machine, propel the first coal mining machine along the current mining zone, transport the long arm box into the tunnel, and dock the long arm box at each section to the tail of the first coal mining machine as the first coal mining machine advances.

[0015] Furthermore, in step 4, the flow of excavation work in the second mining zone is specifically as follows: After completing the excavation of the first mining zone, the opening process of step 1 will be carried out again, and the second coal mining machine will be procured to excavate the second mining zone. Activating the second coal miner and propelling the second coal miner along the current mining zone; At the same time, the long arm box in the first mining zone will be removed and the removed long arm box will be docked to the tail of the second coal miner.

[0016] Furthermore, in step 4, before the start of excavation work in the second mining zone, one section of the long arm box in the first mining zone will be removed and prepared for use.

[0017] Furthermore, in step 5, the mined area is treated by grout injection.

[0018] Furthermore, in step 6, once the mining of the extremely thin coal seam is completed, the coal mining machine and long arm box are all removed from the tunnel, and finally, the mined area is treated.

[0019] The beneficial effects of using the present invention are as follows:

[0020] In this method, by using a horizontal drum shear with a small drum radius to carry out coal mining operations, the rock walls of extremely thin coal seams are not destroyed during coal mining, which avoids problems such as the generation of large amounts of gangue, a high gangue content in the mined coal, serious equipment wear, and a significant increase in cleaning and sorting costs.

[0021] By alternately using long arm boxes in two adjacent mining zones, it is possible to avoid a situation where many long arm boxes used for coal mining operations are concentrated and accumulated in the tunnel, and to avoid the problem of the long arm boxes occupying a large amount of space in the tunnel, adversely affecting the development of other operations, and even causing safety risks. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0022] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is an axial schematic view of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the lanes and lane wire mesh in the AA direction in FIG. 1. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an alternate coal mining operation in the B-B direction in FIG. 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0023] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

[0024] As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the tunnel 1 is a work space for construction, the extremely thin coal seam 3 is the coal mine reservoir to be excavated, and rock bodies 2 exist both above and below the extremely thin coal seam 3. When constructing the tunnel 1, a lane wire mesh 101 is placed on the lane for support.

[0025] The mining zone 301 is a strip-shaped space remaining in the coal during the process of carrying out coal mining work. When the coal mining work in the current mining zone 301 is completed, the coal mining machine is removed from the mining zone 301, and the mining zone 301 becomes a mining waste.

[0026] The mining equipment mainly includes a truck transport equipment 401, a long arm box 402, and two coal mining machines, and tracks for the truck transport equipment 401 to travel on are laid inside the tunnel 1.

[0027] The truck transport facility 401 is mainly composed of a track vehicle and two propulsion mechanisms.

[0028] The long arm box 402 is mainly composed of two auger rods and a steel box, and the multi-section long arm box 402 may be connected end to end.

[0029] The coal mining machine is mainly composed of a head, a body, and a traveling mechanism, the head is a cutting equipment, the body is a conveying equipment, the traveling mechanism is installed at the bottom of the head and body to provide power to drive and propel the coal mining machine, and the body can be docked with the long arm box 402 to form a continuous conveying mechanism.

[0030] Preferably, the coal mining machine adopts a horizontal drum structure, the head width is 2400mm, the cutting bit diameter is 500mm, and the cutting bit is provided with a height-adjusting hydraulic cylinder with an adjustable range of 500mm-1200mm.

[0031] The coal mining method for mining an extremely thin coal seam specifically includes steps 1 to 4.

[0032] Step 1: An opening is cut in the lane wire mesh 101 of the tunnel 1, and the opening becomes an opening in the mining zone 301.

[0033] The cutting height of the lane wire mesh 101 is made larger than the thickness of the coal seam, and the cutting width is made larger than the width of the head of the coal miner.

[0034] Step 2: The truck transport equipment 401 is moved to the opening, and a loader is laid along the tunnel on the side of the tunnel 1 close to the mining lane, and the first coal miner 403 is hoisted to the opening position by the hoisting tooling.

[0035] When the first coal miner 403 is operating, the angle of the body is adjusted so that the direction of advancement coincides with the direction P of inclination of the coal bed.

[0036] Step 3: The first coal miner 403 is started to perform excavation work in the first mining zone.

[0037] During excavation, as the first coal mining machine 403 advances, the long arm boxes 402 are transported one by one into the tunnel 1 using a hanging tooling, and the long arm boxes 402 are docked to the tail of the fuselage of the first coal mining machine 403 using a propulsion mechanism (when the long arm boxes 402 are docked, the operation of the first coal mining machine 403 is temporarily stopped).

[0038] Coal cut from the ultra-thin coal seam 3 by the first coal miner 403 is carried into the opening of the mining zone 301 by the body of the first coal miner 403 or the long arm box 402, and the coal is dropped onto a loader, which then carries the coal onto a belt conveyor laid in the tunnel and transports it into a coal bin in the mining area.

[0039] The excavation depth is determined depending on the coal seam and the surrounding geological environment, and when the first coal miner 403 excavates to a predetermined depth, it stops, and the excavation work of the first mining zone 301 is completed.

[0040] Step 4: Excavation work is carried out in the second mining zone.

[0041] Step 1 is repeated to cut an opening for the second mining zone on the side along the gallery of the first mining zone, and then the second coal miner 404 is hoisted to the opening position by the hoisting tooling.

[0042] The second coal miner 404 is started to excavate the second mining zone.

[0043] According to the excavation speed of the second mining zone, the long arm box 402 in the first mining zone is synchronously removed, and the removed long arm box 402 is docked to the tail of the second coal miner 404.

[0044] When the excavation work in the second mining zone is completed, all of the long arm boxes 402 in the first mining zone are removed and placed in the second mining zone.

[0045] Before starting excavation work in the second mining zone, one section of the long arm box 402 in the first mining zone is removed to enable smooth docking operations of the long arm box 402.

[0046] Step 5: Remove the first coal mining machine 403 and the mobile truck transport facility 401, and dispose of the mined area.

[0047] After the excavation work in the second mining zone is completed, the first coal mining machine 403 in the first mining zone is removed, and the truck transport equipment 401 is moved along the tunnel direction a distance equivalent to the distance of the next coal mining machine. Next, the first coal mining machine 403 is moved from one side of the second mining zone to the other side of the second mining zone by the hanging tooling, and the process of mining operation in the second mining zone and the process of docking the long arm box 402 in step 4 are repeated to carry out the excavation work in the third mining zone.

[0048] Treat the mined area by grout injection.

[0049] Step 6: Repeat the operation of step 5 to excavate multiple mining zones 301 until all mining work in the ultra-thin coal seam 3 is completed.

[0050] When the mining operation of the ultra-thin coal seam 3 is completed, the two coal miners and all the long arm boxes 402 are removed and combined with the hanging tooling and the track cart to transport the coal miners and the long arm boxes 402 out of the tunnel.

[0051] In the coal mining operation, care must be taken to leave a coal pillar 302 between two adjacent mining zones 301, and the width of the coal pillar is set to 500 mm or more.

[0052] The above is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and a person skilled in the art can make various changes to the specific embodiments and application scope based on the concept of the present invention, and all of these changes fall within the patent scope of the present invention as long as they do not deviate from the concept of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0053] 1 Mine shaft 101 Lane Wire Mesh 2 rock bodies 3. Ultra-thin coal seams 301 Mining Zone 302 Coal Pillar 401 Transport mechanism 402 Long Arm Box 403 No. 1 coal mining machine 404 2nd coal mining machine P Coal seam slope direction Q Mine shaft direction

Claims

1. A coal mining method for mining an extremely thin coal seam, comprising: Two front-engine coal miners and a long-arm box are used as the main mining equipment. The coal miners use horizontal drum shears with a small drum radius to carry out mining operations, thereby performing longwall mining of the extremely thin coal seam without destroying the rock walls of the extremely thin coal seam during mining. The mining zones are parallel to each other, and after one coal miner completes mining work in one mining zone, the other coal miner is used to work on the adjacent coal, opening up another new mining zone. As the excavation work in the new mining zone progresses, the long-arm box is synchronously removed from the previous mining zone and docked with the coal miner in the new mining zone. in particular, Step 1: performing an opening process on the tunnel lane wire mesh; Step 2: carrying out preparatory work before coal mining; Step 3: performing excavation work in the first mining zone, and when the coal mining machine reaches the maximum stroke, ending the excavation work in the first mining zone; Step 4: After completing the excavation work of the first mining zone, perform excavation work of the second mining zone; Step 5: removing the first coal mining machine and the mobile truck transport equipment, preparing for coal mining work in the next mining zone, and treating the mining remains of the first mining zone; and step 6 of repeating steps 4 and 5 until all mining operations of the ultra-thin coal seam are completed.

2. The coal mining method for mining ultra-thin coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 2, the preparation work before the coal mining operation is specifically to move the truck transport equipment to the opening, lay a loader along the tunnel on the side close to the mining lane in the tunnel, and suspend the first coal miner to the opening by a hoisting tooling, and adjust the angle of the coal miner.

3. 2. The coal mining method for mining ultra-thin coal seams according to claim 1, wherein in step 3, the flow of the excavation work of the first mining zone is specifically: starting the first coal miner, propelling the first coal miner along the current mining zone, and transporting the long-arm box into the tunnel; and docking the long-arm box to the tail of the first coal miner section by section as the first coal miner advances.

4. In step 4, the flow of excavation work in the second mining zone is as follows: After completing the excavation of the first mining zone, perform the opening process of step 1 again, procure the second coal mining machine and perform the excavation work of the second mining zone; activating a second coal miner and propelling the second coal miner along the current mining zone; At the same time, the long arm box in the first mining zone is removed, and the removed long arm box is docked to the tail of the second coal miner.

5. The coal mining method for mining ultra-thin coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 4, before starting the excavation work of the second mining zone, one section of the long arm box in the first mining zone is removed and prepared for use.

6. 2. The coal mining method for mining extremely thin coal seams according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 5, the mined area is treated by grout injection.

7. The coal mining method for mining an extremely thin coal seam according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 6, after the mining work of the extremely thin coal seam is completed, the coal mining machine and the long arm box are all removed from the tunnel, and finally, the mining site treatment work is carried out.

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