One-way visibility keycaps

Abstract

To provide a keyboard and a key mechanism for an electronic device having unidirectional visibility.SOLUTION: A key mechanism has key(s) with glyphs invisible to a human eye in a first state such as when a display 400 mounted under a keycap 200 is not emitting light, and being visible the glyphs through the key(s) when the display is emitting light. A unidirectional visibility layer or structure obscures visibility of the display when viewed from above, but when the display emits light, light passes through the unidirectional visibility layer such as by passing through an array of a microporous 308 in the key, and being visible to an observer.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The described embodiments relate generally to keyboards and key mechanisms for electronic devices. More specifically, the embodiments relate to keycaps having illuminatable glyphs that are selectively visible to the unaided human eye or invisible to the unaided human eye. [Background technology]

[0002] Keyboards for computing devices have many purposes and are used in a wide range of times and places. Keyboards are one of the largest, most visible, and most frequently used parts of a computer, and therefore play a critical role in a user's experience with the device. Keyboards strongly influence the appearance and aesthetics of a computer, the usability and familiarity of the device, the user's perception of quality, and the tactile and auditory feedback provided to the user.

[0003] Keyboard keys often include indicia or glyphs used to identify the function of each key. To improve ease of use of keyboards in low-light conditions, many keyboards are also provided with backlighting to illuminate the keys or glyphs. Keycaps are often designed to be thin and inexpensive, leading to keycaps being made of plastic with painted or top-coated glyph materials. Painted or coated keycaps tend to be less durable due to repeated contact with fingers, especially when a user's hands are oily or dirty, causing the glyphs to peel off or become unreadable over time. Furthermore, because keycaps are made of plastic, they tend to have a lower quality feel and sound compared to other materials.

[0004] Producers and users of keyboard devices constantly seek improvements in these technologies to better meet the needs of producers and users of computer products. Summary of the Invention

[0005] One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a key mechanism including a keycap including a top surface, a bottom surface, and an array of perforations through the top and bottom surfaces; an array of light emitters attached to the bottom surface of the keycap, each single light emitter illuminating a single individual perforation in the array of perforations; a base plate positioned below the keycap and the array of light emitters; and a switch that detects movement of the keycap relative to the base plate.

[0006] In some embodiments, the array of perforations is arranged in a rectangular grid. The array of perforations may be invisible to the naked human eye. The array of perforations may include at least one perforation having a tapered diameter. The keycap may further include an at least partially transparent material at least partially filling at least some of the perforations of the array of perforations. The array of light emitters may be controllable to selectively display a first glyph or a second glyph through the array of perforations. The keycap may include an opaque sidewall that prevents light from the array of light emitters from passing beneath the keycap.

[0007] Another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a keyboard assembly including a housing, a substrate disposed within the housing, a set of key mechanisms disposed within the housing and on the substrate, each key mechanism of the set of key mechanisms including a keycap having a top surface and a bottom surface, a light source disposed below the bottom surface and movable with the keycap, and a switch that detects movement of the keycap relative to the housing, and a controller in electrical communication with the light sources of each key mechanism via the substrate, wherein when the controller is in a first configuration, each top surface of each keycap of each key mechanism may have a uniform appearance, and when the controller is in a second configuration, each light source of each key mechanism may generate a glyph that is visible through the top surface of the keycap.

[0008] In some embodiments, when the controller is in the first configuration, no glyphs are visible on the top surface of the keycap of the key mechanism. At least the top surface of the keycap may include a material that is visually identical to the surface of the housing surrounding the keycap. The keycap may include an array of perforations that are invisible to the naked human eye. When the controller is in the third configuration, each light source of each key mechanism may generate a second glyph that is visible through the top surface of the keycap. The keycap may include a set of openings that correspond one-to-one to the set of lighting devices of the light sources. When the controller is in the second configuration, light emitted from each light source may be configured to be visible only after passing through the top surface of the keycap.

[0009] Yet another aspect of the present disclosure relates to an electronic input device including a housing, a transparent keycap body having a bottom surface, an optical display attached to the transparent keycap body and positioned below the bottom surface of the transparent keycap body, a one-way visibility layer positioned above the optical display, a collapsible dome switch positioned between the housing and the optical display, and a power source connected to the optical display. The optical display may be configured to emit light in response to power being supplied to the optical display by the power source, the light being visible through the one-way visibility layer and through the transparent keycap body, and when the optical display is not emitting light, the optical display may be visually obscured by the one-way visibility layer.

[0010] In some embodiments, the one-way visibility layer includes an array of microperforations that allow light to pass through, i.e., light-transmitting microperforations. The one-way visibility layer can include a one-way mirror portion. The one-way visibility layer can also be attached to the bottom surface of the transparent keycap body. The light display can include an array of light sources arranged in a rectangular grid. The housing can include a surface that surrounds the periphery of the transparent keycap body and has a visual appearance that matches the one-way visibility layer. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0011] The disclosure will be readily understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals designate like structural elements and in which:

[0012] [Figure 1] 1 illustrates a computing device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] [Figure 2A] 1 illustrates a top view of a keyboard of a computing device in a first state.

[0014] [Figure 2B] 2B shows a top view of the keyboard of FIG. 2A in a second state.

[0015] [Figure 3A] 2B shows a perspective view of the key mechanism of the keyboard of FIG. 2A.

[0016] [Figure 3B] 3B shows a schematic diagram of the key mechanism of FIG. 3A in a first state;

[0017] [Figure 3C] 3B shows a schematic diagram of the key mechanism of FIG. 3A in a second state;

[0018] [Figure 3D] 3B shows a schematic view of the key mechanism of FIG. 3A in a third state;

[0019] [Figure 4] 3B shows a side cross-sectional view of the key mechanism of FIG. 3A.

[0020] [Figure 4A] A detailed view of the key mechanism of Figure 4 is shown.

[0021] [Figure 4B] 5 shows a detailed view of an alternative embodiment of the key mechanism of FIG. 4.

[0022] [Figure 5] 1 shows a perspective view of an exemplary key mechanism.

[0023] [Figure 6] FIG. 6 shows a side cross-sectional view of the key mechanism of FIG. 5.

[0024] [Figure 7] 10A-10C show side cross-sectional views of additional embodiments of key mechanisms;

[0025] [Figure 8] FIG.

[0026] [Figure 9] FIG.

[0027] [Figure 10] 1 illustrates a computer system of the present disclosure.

[0028] [Figure 11] FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating the method of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0029] Reference will now be made in detail to exemplary embodiments as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following description is not intended to limit these embodiments to a single preferred embodiment. On the contrary, the following description is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, as may be included within the spirit and scope of the described embodiments as defined by the appended claims.

[0030] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to keyboards for use with computing devices that have high durability, high visibility and user convenience, a comfortable, high-quality feel, and offer customizability and a unique aesthetic appearance. In one example, when the keyboard is inactive, such as when the keyboard is not in use or when the computing device to which the keyboard is connected is not in use, the keyboard's keycaps can have a uniform, clean appearance. Thus, the keycaps may appear blank, lacking any glyphs or symbols visible to the naked human eye even upon close inspection on a typical keyboard. In some embodiments, the keycaps can also have an appearance that matches or closely resembles the appearance of the keyboard housing in which the keyboard's key mechanisms (including the keycaps) are located.

[0031] However, when the keyboard is activated, the glyphs of each of the keycaps can appear on the keys due to light emitted through the keycaps from below their top surfaces. The glyphs can appear to float due to individual light sources or displays located on or below each keycap. Thus, compared to traditional keyboards where light typically seeps out between adjacent keycaps or is visible between or below the keycaps, all of the light output by the light sources or displays can be directed through the top of the keycaps to generate the glyphs.

[0032] In various embodiments, the glyphs may become visible when the keyboard is activated. This is because the light source or display for each key emits light through light-guiding perforations in the surface of the keycap (or in structures underlying the light-transmitting portion) from an array of light emitters / light-emitting devices (e.g., an array of microscopic light-emitting diodes (LEDs)) located below the perforations. Each light emitter in the light emitter array may include a single light source (e.g., a single LED) or a single set of grouped, pixelated light sources (e.g., an RGB LED with a single set of unique red, green, and blue LEDs used for a single light output point). These perforations may be microscopic perforations (i.e., microperforations) that are small enough to be invisible to the naked human eye when not illuminated from below by the light emitter, but where light is visible through the perforation, such as when light is passing through from below and the light is visible along its longitudinal axis. Each light emitter in the light emitter array may correspond to a single perforation, such as where a single LED (or a single set of RGB LEDs) is aligned with a single perforation for each of the LEDs / perforations in the assembly.

[0033] Using this structure, the keyboard keycaps can be made of materials such as metals, including aluminum, that are not typically used for conventional keyboard keycaps. Thus, the keyboard keycaps can have upper surfaces that match the appearance of the housing surface of the keyboard that surrounds them, which may also have a metallic surface. This can contribute to the overall clean appearance of the keyboard within its housing, and can further enhance the "floating" effect of the illuminated glyphs by making the boundaries between the keycaps and their housings (including, for example, webs extending between the keys) less noticeable.

[0034] In some embodiments, the light source or display can include an array of LEDs, such as a display using microLED or microOLED pixels. The number of perforations in the keycap corresponds to the pixels of the display, so that, for example, each single pixel of the display can provide light for only one perforation. In this manner, the display / light source can be controlled to generate glyphs that are changeable or adjustable between different shapes, characters, colors, symbols, animations, languages, and other features. For example, a keyboard controller can be used to control the display to change between different keyboard layouts (e.g., QWERTY, QWERTZ, Colemak, etc.), different keyboard standards or languages ​​(e.g., ANSI, ISO, JIS, Korean, Chinese, etc.), and different symbols or customizable glyphs (e.g., emojis, icons, system controls such as power, volume, or brightness, application-specific function indicators, etc.). In some embodiments, the key display can be controlled to show animations, videos, or other time-varying information on a single key or group of keys. Thus, these keycaps allow users to interact with the keyboard in an engaging and fun way, while also having a calm, sophisticated, and uniform appearance when not in use.

[0035] Additionally, some keyboards of the present disclosure may include a transparent keycap body onto which a one-way visibility layer is deposited or attached. The one-way visibility layer may reflect light from its outer surface, obscuring the visibility of a display or light source attached to the keycap below, while allowing light to pass through the layer from the inside when the display or light source is activated. The one-way visibility layer may include a one-way mirror or a layer of opaque material with an array of microperforations that enable one-way visibility similar to the microperforations described above. In one embodiment, the keycap body may include transparent glass, and the visibility layer may include paint applied to the bottom surface of the keycap body, the bottom surface of the keycap body being microperforated so that the perforations align with the pixels of a display attached below the paint layer. In another embodiment, the keycap body may include a layer with a metal physical vapor deposition (PVD) coating to create a one-way mirror effect. The glass surface of the keycap may have a pleasant, cool, high-quality feel and may be designed to resemble the appearance of the housing surrounding the keycap, the housing of a display (such as the display screen of a laptop computer on which the keyboard is located), a trackpad, a touchscreen, or other nearby component. Thus, glass keycaps may enable design features of computing devices that may not otherwise be possible.

[0036] These and other embodiments are described below with reference to the drawings. However, those skilled in the art will readily understand that the detailed description provided herein with reference to these figures is for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting. Furthermore, as used herein, a system, method, article, component, feature, or subfeature that includes at least one of a first selection range, a second selection range, or a third selection range should be understood to refer to a system, method, article, component, feature, or subfeature that can include one of each enumerated selection range (e.g., only one of the first selection ranges, only one of the second selection ranges, or only one of the third selection ranges), multiple of a single enumerated selection range (e.g., two or more of the first selection ranges), two selection ranges simultaneously (e.g., one of the first selection ranges and one of the second selection ranges), or a combination thereof (e.g., two of the first selection ranges and one of the second selection ranges).

[0037] 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a computing device 100 having a display housing 102 attached to a keyboard housing 104. The display housing 102 may house a display screen 106 around which a bezel 108 extends. The keyboard housing 104 may house a keyboard 110 and a trackpad 112 accessible through a top surface 114 of the keyboard housing 104.

[0038] 1 to be a laptop computer, computing device 100 can include a variety of different types of computing devices, such as a notebook computer, a desktop computer, a tablet computer, a smartphone, a server, similar devices, and combinations thereof. Additionally, keyboard housing 104 can be a peripheral input device connectable to a computing device (e.g., via a wired or wireless connection), such as a standalone keyboard, a numeric input pad, a trackpad, a mouse or other pointer input device, a graphic pen tablet, similar devices, and combinations thereof. Accordingly, computing device 100 is shown merely as an exemplary device with which aspects of the present disclosure are conveniently illustrated.

[0039] Typically, in a laptop computer such as computing device 100, a processor, memory devices, electronic storage devices, a portable power supply or power connector, circuit boards, keyboard and trackpad controllers, and other associated electronic components may be housed in keyboard housing 104 and / or display housing 102. Thus, computing device 100 may include all electrical devices and components necessary for operation of keyboard 110, including keyboard switches connected to one or more of the keys of keyboard 110 and a display. See also FIG. 10 .

[0040] 2A shows a top view of the keyboard 110 disposed on the top surface 114 of the keyboard housing 104. In this view, the keyboard 110 is inactive and its glyphs are visually hidden. The keyboard 110 includes a set of key mechanisms with keycaps 200 visible on top of the keyboard 110. In some embodiments, keywebs 202 can extend between the keycaps 210, forming a mesh-like frame surrounding the periphery of each of the keycaps 200. The keywebs 202 can be part of the top surface 114 of the keyboard housing 104, or can be a separate component that can be positioned between the keycaps 200 and attached to a structure within or part of the keyboard housing 104.

[0041] The material used on the top surface of the keycap 200 can have a visually identical appearance to the material used on the keyweb 202 or the surrounding top surface 114 of the keyboard 110. In an exemplary case, the material can be aluminum (e.g., anodized aluminum) or another metal. As used herein, components having the "same appearance" or "matching appearance" are components that appear to the unaided human eye to share the same visual reflectance, surface texture, color (e.g., hue, saturation, and brightness), and opacity / transparency / translucency.

[0042] As used herein, the "unaided human eye" refers to the unaided eye of a typical human observer with normal vision, unaided by a magnifying lens, microscope, camera, or other scope or instrument used to discern minute-sized objects, such as the perforations in keycap 200 described below. Generally, at a normal viewing distance from a keyboard (e.g., about 350 to about 450 millimeters), the unaided human eye cannot discern perforations in a surface that are about 0.3 millimeters in diameter or less. At a viewing distance of about 200 to 250 millimeters, the unaided human eye generally cannot distinguish perforations that are smaller than about 75 micrometers wide.

[0043] However, minute light sources can be visible through minute perforations even at long distances. Thus, even a material that is metallic can have the property of "one-way" visibility: when not backlit, an array of perforations in a material may appear visually identical (e.g., have the same reflectivity and other visible properties) to a piece of material without the perforations, but when light passes through the perforations from an underlying light source, the light is readily visible to the naked human eye.

[0044] The top surfaces of the keycaps 200 may have a consistent and uniform appearance compared to one another when viewed by the unaided human eye. In other words, while the keycaps 200 are not illuminated and a display below the top surface is not emitting light through the perforations, they may have the appearance of a single material composition and be free of any visible perforations, glyphs, inscriptions, additional printed material, or other similar indicia used on keyboards. See also Figures 3A and 3B.

[0045] 2B shows keyboard 110 when a display within keycap 200 is illuminated to produce glyph 204. Glyph 204 may include letters, numbers, symbols, shapes, lines, words, phrases, pictures, and other visual indicators used to convey information to an observer, such as the function of keycap 200 when it is pressed. In some cases, glyph 204 may also include indicators for the status or operation of computing device 100 as a whole, such as a caps lock indicator 206, volume, brightness, power, or other computer function modifiers, a "busy" or "processing" indicator, similar indicators, and combinations thereof.

[0046] FIG. 3A shows an orthographic view of keycap 200 disposed within rigid web 202 and shown separated from the other keycaps and key mechanisms of keyboard 110. This view illustrates that while a display beneath top surface 300 is inactive, top surface 300 of keycap 200 can have a blank, empty, uncluttered, uniform appearance to the unaided human eye. FIG. 3B shows a view similar to FIG. 3A , but with the array of perforations through top surface 300 simplified and visually enlarged for purposes of illustrating the present disclosure. In other words, keycap 200 is visible to the unaided human eye as it is in FIG. 3A when not illuminated from below, but FIG. 3B is provided to illustrate where and how micro-perforations may be formed on keycap 200, if they are visible to the unaided human eye.

[0047] The key web 202 may include a set of openings 302 through which the keycaps 200 and their associated key mechanisms can extend. The openings 302 may extend through the top surface 304 of the key web 202 and may be large enough to allow the keycaps 200 to move vertically relative to the key web 202 without contacting the inner edges of the openings 302. In some embodiments, the key web 202 may be omitted, and the set of keys 200 of the keyboard 110 may be positioned within a single large opening. In this case, the set of keys may be positioned adjacent to each other with the edges of the keycaps spaced apart by a gap, which may be empty rather than filled by a portion of the key web 202 in the manner shown in FIGS. 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B.

[0048] The keycap 200, and in some examples, at least the top surface 300, or at least the top surface 300 and the side surfaces 306, can comprise a material composition that provides high durability and structural integrity, even when numerous microperforations 308 penetrate the top surface 300. In one exemplary embodiment, the keycap 200 can at least partially include a metal portion extending across the top surface 300 and having the microperforations 308 formed therethrough. The metal portion can advantageously be formed using aluminum and other durable materials that are easily machined, and the microperforations 308 can be formed using standard industrial processes such as laser cutting. Also advantageously, the metal top surface 300 tends to have a high-quality feel, scratch resistance, abrasion resistance, cool to the touch due to a high heat transfer coefficient, and high rigidity even at thin thicknesses.

[0049] Because aluminum is also a material frequently used in the housings of keyboards and other electronic devices (e.g., 104), keycap 200 can have a visual appearance that matches the surrounding enclosure surface 114 and / or web 202, thereby providing a consistent visual appearance to the top surface of the housing and the key itself. If anodized aluminum is used for housing 104, anodizing keycap 200 can ensure that (due to their identical material composition) housing 104 and keycap 200 share the same color, hardness, and other properties resulting from the anodization process.

[0050] Furthermore, when the glyphs 204 are visible, the uniformity of the appearance of the keycaps 200 and their surrounding housing structure can help create the effect that the glyphs 204 appear to be "floating" above the housing 104 or existing independently of the keycaps 200. When the glyphs 204 are not visible, the matching appearance of the keycaps 200 and housing can cause the keycaps 200 to blend into the housing, creating the appearance of a blank keycap with no visible indication, as shown in FIG.

[0051] The microperforations 308 can be formed in an array of shapes and sizes corresponding to the shape and size of the keycap's top surface 300 through which they extend. For example, a square keycap 200 having a square top surface 300 can have a substantially square array of microperforations 308. Each microperforation in the array is equally spaced from its neighboring microperforations, and the number of rows of microperforations equals the number of columns. In an exemplary embodiment, approximately 600 microperforations can be part of the array in a single keycap 200, resulting in approximately 25 rows and 25 columns of microperforations arranged in a grid extending across the top surface 300. This number of microperforations and square configuration can be used in keycaps 200 that are square; for non-square keycaps, such as the shift key or space bar, the microperforation array can be the same or modified to extend across those keys at a greater width or height than other square keys. For example, the number of columns across the key 310 of FIG. 2A may be about five times greater than the number of columns in a typical square keycap 200 due to the key 310 having a width that is about five times greater than the width of a single square key 200.

[0052] The number of microperforations in a single key's array can be determined based on the vertical thickness of the keycap 200 in which the microperforations 308 are formed. A harder, stronger keycap 200 material composition (e.g., metal) can support a higher density of microperforations at a given thickness, while a more flexible or brittle key material composition (e.g., plastic) may require a lower density of microperforations at the same thickness to avoid manufacturing defects and reduced durability (e.g., cracks in the top surface 300 between perforations). With a greater thickness, the structural integrity of the keycap 200 can support a denser array of microperforations 308. However, a thinner thickness can beneficially accommodate better light penetration and therefore better glyph definition, clarity, viewing angle, and readability. In an exemplary embodiment having an aluminum keycap 200, the vertical thickness of the keycap may be approximately 300 micrometers, and the diameter of each microperforation 308 may be approximately 30 micrometers. See also Figures 4, 4A and 4B and other related discussion herein.

[0053] In some embodiments, the array of microperforations can extend substantially edge to edge across the top surface 300, with the microperforations 308 being evenly spaced from edge to edge or from one side 306 to the other side 306. In this manner, glyphs created using the microperforations 308 can cover substantially the entire width or length of the top surface 300. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3B , the array of microperforations 308 is in a central region 312 that is offset from the outer upper edge of the top surface 300 by a peripheral region 314 that surrounds the central region 312 and forms a microperforation-free (i.e., solid) region of the keycap 200. Beneficially, implementing the peripheral region 314 can increase the density of the microperforations per inch in the central region 312 because the peripheral region 314 is free of microperforations, providing additional structural stability against bending or cracking of the keycap 200. Additionally, peripheral region 314 may be useful in embodiments where a display or light source underneath keycap 200 does not extend edge-to-edge underneath top surface 300, such that central region 312 effectively covers and accommodates only the light output portion of that display or set of light sources.

[0054] 3B shows the micro-perforations 308 arranged in a square grid array, but in other embodiments, different arrangements of the micro-perforations can be used even in square keycaps. For example, the micro-perforations 308 can be arranged in a solid circular pattern, a rectangular pattern, a diamond pattern, the shape of a logo or icon (e.g., the outline of a power button or a volume indicator (i.e., a speaker symbol)), or a pattern that mimics the size and shape of one or more glyphs (e.g., the shape of an "A" or multiple letters, symbols, or words (e.g., "SHIFT")). Thus, the square array shown in the figure is for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the manner in which the micro-perforations 308 can be arranged.

[0055] FIG. 3C is another view of the keycap 200 of FIG. 3B , with the micro-perforations 308 partially illuminated from below using a display or by a source below the top surface 300. In this example, a subset of the array of micro-perforations is illuminated to create a visible “A”-shaped glyph 316. Compared to the configuration shown in FIG. 3B , the configuration shown in FIG. 3C can have a glyph 316 that is visible to the unaided human eye due to light being emitted through a subset of the micro-perforations that corresponds to the shape of the glyph 316. In some embodiments, the display or light source can be configured such that light emitted from one pixel or light source of a display or multiple light sources is embedded one-to-one through a corresponding single micro-perforation 308, preventing each pixel or light source from emitting light through an adjacent micro-perforation in a manner that would cause the edges of the glyph 316 to appear fuzzy. Additionally, in some embodiments, light from a display or light source may be prevented from passing laterally through the side surfaces 306 or downwardly under the keycap 200, thereby preventing light from seeping through the openings 302 surrounding the side surfaces 306 or from seeping between adjacent side surfaces 306 of neighboring keycaps 200.

[0056] FIG. 3D is an alternative diagram illustrating features of an embodiment that can be applied to the embodiments described above in FIGS. 1-3C. In this embodiment, keycap 200 is configured to change the pattern of light emitted from a display or light source to reveal a different glyph 318. In this embodiment, second glyph 318 has a "W" shape instead of the "A" shape of glyph 316. The change in glyph can be achieved by having the display or light source emit light from a second set of pixels or light sources that correspond to the locations of the micro-perforations that form a "W" shape instead of the locations that form the "A" shape. In FIGS. 3C and 3D, both glyphs 316, 318 are generated using a square array of micro-perforations 308.

[0057] In some embodiments, only the perforations necessary to form one glyph 316 (the letter "A") are included on the keycap 200. In another example, the perforations provided are all that is needed to form a glyph 316 in one state of display illumination and a second glyph 318 in another state of display illumination. Thus, the number and placement of microperforations 308 can be limited to only those microperforations necessary for a particular letter, symbol, shape, etc., and additional microperforations can be omitted.

[0058] In some embodiments, the keyboard 110 can include a keycap 200 having glyphs 316, 318 that are changeable from at least a first configuration or appearance to a second configuration or appearance. The first and / or second configurations can display static glyphs having a single shape, size, color, brightness, font, and other appearance characteristics. The static glyphs can change at least one of these appearance characteristics when a display or light source changes the glyph between the first and second configurations. In another example, the first and / or second configurations can display glyphs that move or otherwise change over time, such as animations, a series of cycling or changing glyphs, videos, color-changing sequences, size-changing sequences, similar changes over time, and combinations thereof. See also FIG. 11 .

[0059] Furthermore, this glyph customizability can extend to other characteristics of the glyphs 316, 318 in addition to the entire shape or symbol presented. The keyboard 110 as a whole can change its glyphs in response to a user changing the settings of the keyboard and associated key display controller, such as by changing from one keyboard layout (e.g., QWERTY) to another (e.g., Colemak). Beneficially, this allows the keyboard 110 to be adapted to provide multiple different language settings, typing layouts, and other keyboard features based on user preferences or based on programmed commands to the keyboard, which are controlled by the keyboard controller or implemented in response to a set of programmed instructions executed by a processor (e.g., the processor of the computing device 100). In this manner, a single keyboard apparatus can be constructed and shipped to multiple different computer input device markets, including markets where keyboard layouts or language settings may differ from one another.

[0060] Additionally, the modifiable nature of the glyphs 316, 318 can be used to provide user experiences that are impractical or impossible using a standard, conventional keyboard. For example, in some embodiments, the keyboard 110 has glyphs (e.g., 316) that are a standard setting, such as a language setting (e.g., an English keyboard) for typical typing tasks, and the layout and / or glyphs of the keyboard 110 (e.g., 318) can be modified to provide a keyboard of symbols, images, animations, or shapes that are not practical on a conventional keyboard, such as a keyboard of emoji shapes and pictures, GIF animations, a simulated set of piano keys, or characters typically used only in ancient languages ​​where keyboards are not commonly used.

[0061] In one exemplary embodiment, a set of keycaps 200 can be collectively used as a display, with each keycap 200 configured to display a portion of a larger image or video presented across multiple keycaps 200. For example, an area of ​​keyboard 110 can be used to represent a circle, with each keycap in a group of keycaps representing a different portion of the circumference, and keycaps within the circumference can be used to represent the color of the circle. In another example, keycaps 200 can be collectively used to represent video (e.g., a flashing light or color-changing sequence), text (e.g., a welcome message or warning message), or other data intended for a viewer (e.g., the battery charge status or display brightness level of a computing device, user-defined text, etc.).

[0062] Additionally, in some cases, the glyphs may be modified or customized by the user to accommodate user preferences, such as custom keyboard layouts. In an exemplary embodiment, a user may reprogram the "Caps Lock" key to function as the "Ctrl" key, or may replace the functionality of the "Command" key with that of the "Alt" key, both of which changes may involve appropriate changes to the glyphs to reflect the new functionality of the "Caps Lock" and "Command" keys.

[0063] 4 shows a side cross-sectional view of keycap 200 illustrating features of keyboard 110 supporting keycap 200. Keycap 200 can be placed on a display 400 supported by key stabilizer 402. Key stabilizer 402 can be attached to a membrane layer 404 or a circuit board / substrate layer 406 supported by housing 104. Keycap 200 can have a width that is less than the width of opening 302 in keyweb 202, such that keycap 200 can translate vertically and independently of keyweb 202 when a force is applied to its top surface 300 and it is depressed. In some embodiments, keyweb 202 can be attached to housing 104 or substrate layer 406.

[0064] The collapsible dome 408 is disposed between the display 400 and the membrane 404 and may include a resilient material configured to bias the keycap 200 and the display 404 upward. The collapsible dome 408 may be configured to apply a biasing force to the keycap 200, causing the keycap 200 to return to the position shown in FIG. 4 after a user releases pressure on the depressed keycap 200. In some embodiments, the collapsible dome 408 may be a switch that, when collapsed, can generate an electrical signal indicating that the keycap 200 has been depressed. For example, the collapsible dome 408 may include a conductive portion configured to make an electrical connection at the membrane 404 when the dome 408 collapses and contacts the membrane 404. In some examples, the membrane layer 404 may include multiple layers, such as multiple conductive layers that collapse into contact with each other when the collapsible dome 408 is collapsed. Additionally, those having the benefit of this disclosure will understand how other switches and related keycap position detection devices used in the art can be applied to the key mechanisms of keycap 200 described herein.

[0065] The key stabilizer 402 can provide support to the keycap 200 and the display 400 to help prevent rotation of the keycap 200 when a downward force is applied off-center on the top surface 300. Thus, the key stabilizer 402 can help the keycap 200 remain parallel to the lower layers 404, 406 when translated vertically during use. The key stabilizer 402 can include a scissor mechanism having two intersecting hinge pieces pivotally or flexibly connected to the display 400 or keycap 200 at the top end of the stabilizer 402 and to the substrate 406 or housing 104 at the bottom end of the stabilizer 402. Downward pressure on the keycap 200 can cause rotation of the hinge pieces of the scissor mechanism at pivot connection axes 410, 412, 414, and 416 (and potentially others). Rotation about one of these pivot connection axes can cause movement of the hinged components of stabilizer 402, preventing keycap 200 from rotating about the pivot axis. For example, a downward force applied to top surface 300 on axis 412 can induce rotation of stabilizer 402 about axes 412 and 414, and rotation of the arms of stabilizer 402 can pull down the other intersecting arms of stabilizer 402, thereby inducing rotation about axes 410 and 416. Key stabilizer 402 can include a central opening that receives collapsible dome 408, allowing the arms of stabilizer 402 to move around dome 408, collapsing the dome due to contact with stabilizer 402.

[0066] The keycap 200 may be mounted or positioned over a display 400 or a set of light sources including an array of light sources (e.g., pixels) corresponding to some or all of the micro-perforations 308 extending through the keycap 200. As shown in FIG. 4 , the display 400 extends across the central region 312, and its light sources may extend across substantially the entire width of the central region 312. The display 400 may have an electrical connection to the substrate 406 via a flexible connector 418 extending from one side of the bottom surface of the display 400 to the substrate 406 below. The flexible connector 418 may include conductors, wiring, etc. to allow power and control signals to be provided to the display 400 for powering and control of the light sources within the display 400. As the keycap 200 moves downward, the flexible connector 418 may bend, flex, and / or compress to accommodate the movement of the keycap while maintaining electrical communication with the substrate 406. The flexible connector 418 may beneficially extend from an edge or bottom surface near the periphery of the display 400 in a manner that avoids mechanical interference with movement of the stabilizer 402 or collapsible dome 408, thereby improving the durability and lifespan of the flexible connector 418.

[0067] The keycap 200 may also include sidewalls 306 that extend laterally around the display 400 and prevent any stray light projected laterally from the display 400 from escaping the sides of the keycap 200 and being visible to a user. The sidewalls 306 may also protect and cover the sides of the display 400 for aesthetic reasons (e.g., matching the appearance of the keyweb 202) and to prevent the ingress of contaminants or damage to the display 400. The inner surface of the sidewalls 306 may include one or more ridges or protrusions 420 configured to provide support to the display 400 and help retain the display 400 within the keycap 200. The ridges or protrusions 420 form a shelf-like surface that reinforces the display 400 and can reinforce any adhesive or other mounting device used to keep the display 400 firmly positioned against the bottom surface of the keycap 200.

[0068] FIG. 4A schematically depicts a detailed view of the keycap 200 and display 400 at a microscopic level, showing a side cross-section of the microperforations 308 and their placement above the display 400. The number and size of the perforations and light sources shown in FIGS. 4 and 4A are not to scale and are shown schematically to aid in understanding the devices of the present disclosure. The display 400 shows an array of light sources 422, with each light source 422 positioned at the bottom opening of each microperforation 308. Each light source 422 can therefore individually emit light upward through its aligned microperforation 308, thus illuminating one microperforation at a time. This configuration allows for delicate control of the appearance of the keycap 200 by enabling precise illumination of selected microperforations in the array of microperforations according to control of the illumination of individual light sources 422. 4A, the light sources 422 can have upper edges that substantially abut or are positioned directly below each microperforation 308 in a manner that prevents light emitted from the light sources 422 from scattering into adjacent microperforations 308. This prevents blurring or other lack of clarity at the edges of glyphs produced by the display 400.

[0069] The light source 422 can include a semiconductor light source or other solid-state lighting device. For example, some suitable light sources include, but are not limited to, (e.g., single and / or multi-color) light-emitting diodes (e.g., LEDs or micro-LEDs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs), electroluminescent (EL) strips, similar devices, and combinations thereof. A given light source 422 can be configured to produce light of one or more colors, intensities, patterns, etc., in any desired spectral range (e.g., visible, infrared, ultraviolet, etc.) desired for a given target application or end use. Other suitable light engine types, configurations, and emission spectra for a given light source 422 will depend on a given application and will become apparent in light of this disclosure.

[0070] The light sources 422 in FIG. 4A are shown as a set of red-green-blue (RGB)-emitting pixels, one for each color channel, capable of emitting its color into one micro-perforation 308, such that each micro-perforation 308 can emit red light, green light, and blue light at various levels. Thus, the display 400 can be controlled to emit a wide range of hues, saturations, and intensities from the light sources 422. In some embodiments, the display 400 can include light sources 422 that have binary emission characteristics (e.g., simply on or off) or emit only one or two colors (e.g., white, blue, red, blue and red, etc.). The width of each light source 422 can be less than or approximately equal to the width of the micro-perforation 308 closest to the light source 422. In this way, light from the light sources 422 can be efficiently emitted through the micro-perforations 308 instead of being absorbed or otherwise wasted beneath the keycap 200, thereby improving the brightness and color accuracy of the display 400.

[0071] The display 400 may include an on-board display controller 424 in electrical communication with some or all of the light sources 422 within the display 400. The display controller 424 is shown schematically in FIG. 4A and is in electrical communication with some of the light sources 422. The display controller 424 can control the output characteristics of the light sources 422 connected to it by controlling the provision of power to each light-emitting portion of the light sources 422, thereby enabling selected color characteristics to be emitted from the light sources 422 and the appropriate light sources 422 to create the glyphs on the keycap 200. The display controller 424 may be part of or connected to an output device adapter 1020 (see FIG. 10).

[0072] FIG. 4A also illustrates how the microperforations (e.g., exemplary microperforations 426) can have a tapered diameter and a frustoconical profile. This shape can be formed by creating the microperforations 426 using laser engraving techniques and similar radiation ablation operations. Accordingly, the microperforations 426 can have a larger width W1 at their upper outer edge compared to a smaller width W2 at their lower inner edge. The height H (i.e., depth) of the microperforations 426 can extend through the entire thickness of the keycap 200 between the top surface 300 and the surface facing the top of the display 400. In some embodiments, the outer width W1 can be approximately 75 micrometers or less, and the inner width W2 can be equal to approximately 30 micrometers. The height H can be determined based on the material properties of the keycap 200, and can correspond to a minimum thickness of the keycap 200 that maintains durability, bending strength, and other physical properties necessary for the keycap 200 to retain its structure and appearance over time. In an exemplary embodiment, the micro-perforations 426 may have a width W1 of about 90 micrometers, a width W2 of about 30 micrometers, and a height H of about 300 micrometers for an aluminum keycap material. The dimensions shown in the figures are not to scale.

[0073] Minimizing the height H of the micro-perforations 308 can improve the perceived maximum brightness, clarity, viewing angle, and definition of the glyphs by minimizing the amount of material obscuring and interfering with the light source 422. Furthermore, in exemplary embodiments, the distance D between the centers of adjacent micro-perforations 308 can range from about 0.15 millimeters to about 0.25 millimeters, or in one embodiment up to about 0.2 millimeters, thereby keeping the array of perforations dense enough to make it difficult or impossible to distinguish individual back-illuminated perforations with the naked human eye, while also helping to maintain the structural properties of the keycap 200 and the imperceptibility of the micro-perforations 308.

[0074] The microperforations 308 can have sloping sidewalls 428 that taper vertically from an outer width W1 to an inner width W2. In some embodiments, these sidewalls can be designed to have improved reflectivity compared to the top surface 300 or other surfaces of the keycap 200. For example, a coating or reflective treatment can be added to the sloping sidewalls to improve the efficiency of the light source 422 and maximize the amount of light escaping each perforation. In another example, the surfaces of the sloping sidewalls can be laser treated to polish their surface finish and improve their reflectivity. Highly reflective sloping sidewalls can also improve the viewing angle of glyphs, allowing them to be viewed from lower angles relative to the vertical axis extending through each perforation, compared to embodiments in which the sloping sidewalls are less reflective. If a coating or other reflective additive is applied to the microperforations, the microperforations can initially be formed with larger-than-normal widths W1, W2, thereby ensuring that the final dimensions of each perforation width W1, W2 (after accumulation of the coating or other covering) ultimately fall within the specifications (discussed above) appropriate for light transmission.

[0075] Similarly, in some embodiments, the keycap 200 may be anodized. The anodization layer may add a thickness of approximately 10 micrometers to the surface of the keycap 200 to which it is added. Thus, the keycap 200 may be designed with microperforations 308 that are approximately 20 micrometers larger in width W1 and W2, so that the additional thickness of the anodization layer (on each side of the microperforations) does not make the perforations too narrow to perform their intended function. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the keycap 200 may be anodized before the microperforations 308 are added. In that example, the microperforations 308 may be formed with their final dimensions because no additional material is coated or otherwise added to the sloped sidewalls. In other words, the microperforations may be laser cut to the expected final tolerances without enlarging them to accommodate a coating or anodization layer.

[0076] FIG. 4B shows a side cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment having a keycap 200-A with an array of microperforations 308 at least partially filled with filler material 430. In this embodiment, the filler material 430 is an ultraviolet (UV) glue configured to be applied as a liquid to the empty microperforations 308 and then cured in place by UV light irradiation. Alternatively, the filler material 430 can include other liquid adhesives, media, resins, etc., as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art with the benefit of this disclosure. The filler material 430 can be transparent to allow maximum light emission through the microperforations 308. In some embodiments, the filler material 430 can be translucent / partially opaque to help diffuse light and improve the range of viewing angles of the illuminated glyphs. Thus, the filler material 430 can be referred to as a diffuser material or a light diffuser disposed within the array of microperforations.

[0077] The filler material 430 may have a top surface that is recessed below the top surface 300 of the keycap 200 due to surface tension or due to the formation of a meniscus on the top surface of the filler material 430. The meniscus may be concave, as shown in FIG. 4B, or convex, depending on the material used for the filler. The top surface of the filler material 430 may be close to the top surface 300 of the keycap 200 to help minimize the visibility of the micro-perforations 308 and ensure maximum reinforcement of the keycap 200.

[0078] In some embodiments, the inclusion of filler material 430 may improve the structural rigidity of keycap 200-A at the micro-perforations 308, thereby improving its durability and allowing keycap 200-A to be thinner (e.g., compared to keycap 200 of FIG. 4A ). Filler material 430 may also act as a barrier against debris, liquids, dust, finger oils, and other potential contaminants that may block or fill the micro-perforations 308, thereby blocking light from light source 422. Thus, the appearance of the array of micro-perforations 308 may perform more consistently over time and after exposure to contaminants, as these contaminants cannot penetrate the micro-perforations.

[0079] FIG. 5 shows an orthographic view of a keycap 500 positioned within a rigid web 502 and shown separated from other keycaps and key mechanisms of a keyboard (e.g., 110). Features of the keycap 500 can be incorporated into other embodiments shown elsewhere herein. FIG. 6 shows a side cross-sectional view of the keycap 500 and associated components. The keycap 500 includes an upper body 504 having an opaque layer 506 attached to a bottom surface 508 of the upper body 504. A display 510 is mounted below the opaque layer 506 of the keycap and is configured such that multiple light sources 512 are directed vertically upward through an array of micro-perforations 514 in the opaque layer 506 and through the upper body 504. The bottom of the display 510 can be attached to a key stabilizer 516 having pivoting arms, wings, or similar structures, as described in connection with FIG. 4. Similar to FIG. 4, a membrane 518 and a substrate 520 can also be positioned below the keycap 500. Dome 522 may be similarly configured as in the embodiment of FIG.

[0080] In some examples, the flexible connector 524 can extend from a central region of the display 510 and connect to the substrate 520 through the dome 522. In this example, the flexible connector 524 can extend through the dome 522 or can extend downward from the display 510 from a location located laterally adjacent the dome 522. Locating the flexible connector 524 through or next to the dome 522 in the central portion of the display 510 can help avoid contact between the flexible connector 524 and the key stabilizer 516, thereby proving the durability and reliability of the flexible connector 524. Alternatively, the flexible connector 524 can extend from a peripheral region of the display 510 to be in electrical communication with the substrate 520, as in the embodiment of FIG. 4.

[0081] 5, the opaque layer 506 may be visible through a top surface 526 of the top body 504. The top body 504 may comprise a substantially transparent material, such as glass, a transparent ceramic, a transparent polymer, crystal, similar materials, and combinations thereof. The top surface 526 of the top body 504 may be a contact surface for engaging a user's implement (e.g., a finger) when depressing the keycap 500 and may transmit the force of the implement to underlying components and mechanisms.

[0082] The opaque layer 506 can include a material applied to or formed on the bottom surface 508. The opaque layer 506 can appear opaque when viewed from above through its top surface 528 so as to obscure the appearance of the underlying display 510. The opaque layer 506 can include a paint layer, a metal coating, a metal or plastic sheet or plate, or similar opaque material on the bottom surface 508 through which the array of micro-perforations 514 can be formed. In some examples, the top body 504 can beneficially include a material that is more scratch-resistant compared to the opaque layer 506, such as an top body 504 having a hardness greater than that of the opaque layer material. The top body 504 can protect the material of the opaque layer 506, which would be more susceptible to scratches, stains, and other types of wear and damage without the top body 504 to protect it. In an exemplary embodiment, the upper body 504 may include a glass material, and the opaque layer 506 may include a paint material, a polymer material, or a resin material applied to the glass material, where the paint material, polymer material, or resin material is protected by the glass material from exposure to scratches or surface abrasions, peeling, or chemical damage stains due to the glass material acting as a shield or buffer between the top surface of the keycap and the top surface of the opaque layer 506.

[0083] In some embodiments, the opaque layer 506 can comprise a sheet of the same material as the material used for the rigid web 502 or other chassis portions surrounding the keyboard, thereby giving the appearance of the keycap 500 the same hue, saturation, brightness, texture, and other appearance characteristics as the top surface surrounding the keycap 500. In some embodiments, the keyboard chassis or housing can comprise a transparent material having an appearance similar to the upper body 504 overlying a lower layer similar to the opaque layer 506. For example, the chassis surrounding the keycap 500 can have an upper layer of glass and a paint or metal sublayer immediately below the upper layer of glass. In some embodiments, the keyboard chassis can comprise the same material as the opaque layer 506, and the upper body 504 can be overlaid on the opaque layer 506 so that the opaque layer 506 matches the appearance characteristics of the chassis, thereby providing the appearance of a transparent or translucent structure floating on or above the chassis and opaque layer 506.

[0084] In some embodiments, the opaque layer 506 can include attachment structures for bonding the display 510 and / or stabilizer 516 to the opaque layer 506. For example, the opaque layer 506 can include brackets that extend around or through the display 510 and connect to the stabilizer 516 or components (e.g., similar to the protrusions 420 and their related embodiments described above) to secure the display 510 to the opaque layer 506.

[0085] The array of microperforations 514 can be formed or cut into the opaque layer 506 in a manner similar to other fabrication methods described herein (e.g., laser cutting / ablation). The microperforations 514 can have similar properties to the other microperforations described above, such as being invisible to the naked human eye, being arranged in a grid or square array that extends completely through the opaque layer 506, etc. Thus, the opaque layer 506 can have a uniform, unperforated appearance across the entire upper body 504 despite being perforated with tens, hundreds, or thousands of microperforations 514. Furthermore, in some embodiments, such as when the opaque layer 506 is a coating, paint, thin film, PVD layer, or similar sub-millimeter thick structure, the thickness of the opaque layer 506 can be less than in embodiments in which the top of the keycap (e.g., keycap 200) includes a structural metal body; therefore, the opaque layer 506 can be minimally thick, and the microperforations 514 can also have a minimized depth. As a result, light from display 510 can pass more easily and more completely through opaque layer 506, thereby improving the visibility, readability, viewing angle, visible edge definition, and related properties of the glyphs produced by display 510.

[0086] Display 510 can include similar features to display 400, with an array of light sources 512 arranged to align with and provide light to an equal number of microperforations 514 through opaque layer 506. Thus, display 510 can be seen through and above opaque layer 506. The light sources 512 in display 510 are shown diagrammatically in FIG. 6, showing that they are configured to direct light upward (i.e., along the direction of the upward arrow).

[0087] FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment having an intermediate layer 700 that includes an at least partially reflective or mirror-like surface. The intermediate layer 700 reflects light 702 incident from above the intermediate layer 700 (i.e., through the upper body 504), while also allowing light 704 from a light source in the display 510 located directly below the intermediate layer 700 to pass through the intermediate layer 700, either directly or by refraction. The reflection of light 702 at the top surface 706 (or, in some embodiments, at the bottom surface 708) of the intermediate layer 700 may be specular. For example, the intermediate layer 700 may include a PVD layer or other mirror film lacking microperforations. Light 704 passing through the intermediate layer 700 can clearly and accurately depict glyphs generated by the display 510 without passing through the microperforations. This configuration may be referred to as a one-way reflection configuration or a one-way mirror configuration. Alternatively, the reflection of light 702 in intermediate layer 700 may be diffuse or non-specular, and the glyphs produced by light 704 from display 510 may appear partially blurred or diffused, but still be readable by a user. In this example, the configuration may be referred to as a diffuse or non-specular unidirectionally reflective layer. The structure and features of intermediate layer 700 may be implemented in other embodiments shown and described herein, such as in opaque layer 506 having an at least partially reflective or specular top or side surface.

[0088] In various embodiments, the interlayer 700 may be formed with or without a set of micro-perforations. Therefore, the material of the interlayer 700 can at least partially transmit light (e.g., 704) compared to the completely opaque materials used in other opaque layers described herein (e.g., 200, 506). Using an interlayer 700 that is light-transmitting in at least one direction can simplify manufacturing and provide a unique appearance at the bottom of the keycap's upper body 504. The appearance of the keycap can change upon activation of the display 510, which generates glyphs visible through the interlayer 700. The appearance of the interlayer 700 can be configured to match the appearance characteristics of the top surface of the housing surrounding the keys or keyboard. Therefore, the presence of the display 510 can be hidden from view until the light source 512 is activated, and each keycap can have a uniform appearance lacking any symbols or glyphs until the display 510 is activated.

[0089] Embodiments using a partially transparent or unidirectionally reflective interlayer 700 can be beneficially used with displays 510 having a high light source density (i.e., higher pixel resolution) within a given keycap area. If the interlayer 700 does not need to include an array of microperforations, the number of light sources and their placement can be arranged at the highest density possible for the display 510, regardless of whether the number of microperforations above the display 510 matches the number of light sources. Furthermore, if the upper body 504 is used with a layer formed on its bottom surface (e.g., 506 or 700), the number of microperforations added to the layer above the bottom surface can be more densely packed within a given area compared to embodiments in which the entire keycap has microperforations from the top surface to the display, such as the embodiment shown in FIG. 4. This difference in characteristics may occur because the layer formed below the upper body 504 does not need to act as a structural part of the keycap, whereas a keycap having microperforations throughout its thickness, such as the embodiment of FIG. 4, can only support a limited number of microperforations before becoming too structurally sound to function as a keycap structure.

[0090] 8 illustrates an embodiment in which the top body 804 of a keycap 800 that fits within a key web 802 has a top surface 806 and side surfaces 808, 810. The structure and features of the keycap 800 can be implemented in other embodiments shown and described herein (and vice versa). The top body 804 can be at least partially light-transmitting, and at least one of the top surface 806 and side surfaces 808, 810 can have unidirectionally reflective or partially transmissive properties. These surfaces can be referred to as unidirectionally visible layers, such that when light shines on one side of the layer (e.g., the top surface), the device underneath the layer (e.g., the display 510) is not visible, but when light shines through the other side of the layer (e.g., through the bottom surface, such as when light is emitted by a display), the device underneath can be seen. Various structures disclosed herein, such as keycaps with an array of micro-perforations, keycaps with an array of micro-perforations in the middle or bottom layer or with a coating below the top body, or keycaps with a unidirectional reflective layer or structure on the surface, may be referred to as unidirectional visibility layers.

[0091] Compared to the embodiment of FIG. 7 , keycap 800 can have at least one exterior surface that has a specular reflective appearance and material similar to intermediate layer 700, particularly while the underlying display is not emitting light. If one or more exterior surfaces of top body 804 have this property, keycap 800 can have a perfectly mirrored or reflective appearance to the outside, hiding the transparent nature of the display and the interior or lower portion of top body 804. Thus, keycap 800 can include a transparent or translucent material within its exterior surface such that the transparent properties of keycap 800 are hidden by the reflective exterior properties. When light is emitted from below top body 804, for example, from a display in contact with the bottom surface or from a device positioned in close proximity to top body 804 and movable with top body 804, the light can pass through the one-way reflective surface of top body 804, resulting in light from the display being visible through the top surface of keycap 800.

[0092] For example, as shown in the schematic side cross-sectional view of FIG. 9 , the top surface 902 of keycap 900 can have a unidirectional mirror coating 904 (or other deposited or applied layer) on the top and / or sides of transparent body 906. Keycap 900 is thus an exemplary embodiment of keycap 800. The structure and features of keycap 900 can be implemented in keycap 800 and other embodiments shown and described herein. Accordingly, substantially all incident light 908 from above or onto the sides of keycap 900 is reflected from the top surface 902 or sides of coating 904. However, light 910 from display 510 (e.g., glyphs, as discussed in detail above, or other displayed images) beneath transparent body 906 passes through body 906 and coating 904, and is thereby visible above keycap 900. Thus, the presence of display 510 and the transparency of body 906 can both be masked by coating 904. This gives the keycap 900 uniform appearance characteristics on the top and sides, and allows the keycap 900 to blend in with the appearance of the mirrored surface surrounding the keycap 900. Additionally, similar to the embodiment of Figure 7, the display 510 of Figure 9 can have light sources whose placement and density is not limited by or corresponds to the number of micro-perforations in the keycap 900, thereby potentially allowing the light of the display to be more distinct and brighter when viewed through the keycap 900.

[0093] FIG. 10 illustrates a block diagram of a computer system 1000 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In various embodiments, the computer system 1000 may include various sets and subsets of the components illustrated in FIG. 10 . Accordingly, FIG. 10 illustrates various components that may be included in various combinations and subsets based on the operations and functions performed by the system 1000 in different embodiments. For example, the computer system 1000 may be part of the computing device 100 described herein above in connection with FIG. 1 , or other keyboards, key mechanisms, and display devices described herein. It should be noted that when described or referenced herein, the use of articles such as “a” or “an” should not be construed as limiting to only one, but is intended to mean one or more unless otherwise specified herein.

[0094] Computer system 1000 may include a central processing unit (CPU) or processor 1002 connected via a bus 1004 for electrical communication to a computer memory device 1006, a power supply 1008, an electronic storage device 1010, a network interface 1012, an input device adapter 1016, and an output device adapter 1020. For example, one or more of these components may be connected to each other via a substrate (e.g., a printed circuit board or other substrate such as boards 406 and 520) that supports bus 1004 and other electrical connectors that provide electrical communication between the components. Bus 1004 may include a communication mechanism for communicating information between components of system 1000.

[0095] The processor 1002 may be a microprocessor or similar device configured to receive and execute a set of instructions 1024 stored by a memory 1006. The memory 1006 may be referred to as a main memory, such as a random access memory (RAM) or another dynamic electronic storage device, for storing information and instructions executed by the processor 1002. The memory 1006 may also be used to store temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions executed by the processor(s) 1002. The storage device 1010 may include a read-only memory (ROM) or another type of static storage device coupled to the bus 1004 for storing static or long-term (i.e., non-dynamic) information and instructions for the processor 1002. For example, the storage device 1010 may include a magnetic or optical disk (e.g., a hard disk drive (HDD)), a solid-state memory (e.g., a solid-state disk (SSD)), or an equivalent device. The power source 1008 may include a power source capable of providing power to the processor 1002 and other components connected to the bus 1004, such as a connection to a power grid or a battery system.

[0096] The instructions 1024 may include information for performing processes and methods using components of the system 1000. Such processes and methods may include, for example, methods described elsewhere herein, including, for example, the method described in connection with FIG.

[0097] The network interface 1012 may include an adapter for connecting the system 1000 to external devices via a wired or wireless connection. For example, the network interface 1012 may provide a connection to a computer network 1026, such as a cellular network, the Internet, a local area network (LAN), a separate device capable of wirelessly communicating with the network interface 1012, other external devices or network locations, and combinations thereof. In one exemplary embodiment, the network interface 1012 is a wireless networking adapter configured to connect via Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, BLE, Bluetooth mesh, or a related wireless communication protocol to another device having interface capabilities using the same protocol. In some embodiments, a network device or a set of network devices in the network 1026 may be considered part of the system 1000. In some cases, a network device may be considered connected to the system 1000 but not a part of it.

[0098] The input device adapter 1016 can be configured to provide connectivity to various input devices for the system 1000, such as, for example, a keyboard 1014 and various switches (e.g., collapsible domes or mechanical switches), or key mechanisms that receive input by a user pressing a keyboard. The keyboard 1014 or another input device (e.g., buttons or switches) can be used to provide user input, such as input regarding settings for the system 1000. The input device adapter 1016 and / or the keyboard 1014 can include a keyboard controller configured to receive electrical signals from switches or sensors on the keyboard and provide those signals to the processor 1002 for processing, interpretation, and action.

[0099] The output device adapter 1020 can be configured to provide the system 1000 with the ability to output information to a user, such as by providing visual output using one or more monitor displays 1032 or key displays 1034. Other output devices can also be used. The processor 1002 can be configured to control the output device adapter 1020 to provide information to a user via an output device connected to the adapter 1020. For example, as described in detail elsewhere herein, the monitor display 1032 can be controlled to output user interfaces, application windows, and similar information, and the key displays 1034 can be controlled to display glyphs, images, symbols, and shapes, or to output nothing. Individual key displays 1034 can be controlled, such as by adjusting or changing the information presented by a single key, or the key displays 1034 can be controlled as a whole to adjust or change the layout or symbols of multiple keys on a keyboard to display animations that appear to move from one key display to another, or multiple keys can be used collectively to form a composite display to display images, shapes, animations, etc.

[0100] 11 is a process flow diagram illustrating a method 1100 of the present disclosure. At block 1102, a controller may receive a first input. The controller may include, for example, the processor 1002 or a keyboard controller via the input device adapter 1016 or the network interface 1012. The first input may include user input (e.g., a user providing a command), computer-generated input (e.g., input resulting from the operation of an algorithm or instructions 1024), or an operation or movement of the computer system 1000 (e.g., turning on access to the power source 1008, attaching an input device 1036 to the computer system 1000, or moving the computer system 1000).

[0101] In block 1104, the controller may set at least one key display (e.g., 1034) of the keyboard to a first state. The first state may be an off state, where the key display does not emit light and is therefore invisible to the naked human eye (e.g., as shown in FIG. 3A). In another embodiment, the first state may be an on state, where the key display provides light having a first glyph shape / size / number, symbol, animation, or visual appearance (e.g., hue, saturation, brightness, etc.).

[0102] At block 1106, the controller may receive a second input. The second input may include user input (e.g., a user providing a command), computer-generated input (e.g., input resulting from the operation of the algorithm or instructions 1024), or an action or movement of the computer system 1000 (e.g., turning on access to the power source 1008, attaching the input device 1036 to the computer system 1000, or moving the computer system 1000). The second input may be different from the first input, such as provided in a different manner (e.g., by a different key, button, program function, or similar means) or provided at a different time or place compared to the first input. As shown in block 1108, in response to receiving the second input, the controller may set the key display to a second state. In the second state, the key display may be illuminated or may provide a different glyph compared to the key display in the first state.

[0103] In an exemplary embodiment, the key display in the first state at block 1104 is invisible to the naked human eye (e.g., in the manner described above), and the key display in the second state at block 1108 may be visible (e.g., in the manner described above) through micro-perforations or through a one-way reflective material overlying the key display (e.g., in the manner described above). Thus, the methods of the present disclosure can implement various visibility modes for displays within the keys of a keyboard. Furthermore, in situations where the key display is already on while in the first state, the key display information can be changed from one set of symbols or shapes to another set of symbols or shapes.

[0104] To the extent applicable to current technology, data available from various sources can be collected and used to improve delivery to users of invitation content or any other content that may be of interest to the user. This disclosure contemplates that in some cases, this collected data may include personal information data that uniquely identifies or can be used to contact or locate a particular person. Such personal information data may include demographic data, location-based data, phone numbers, email addresses, Twitter® IDs, addresses, data or records regarding the user's health or fitness level (e.g., vital sign measurements, medication information, exercise information), birth date, or any other identifying or personal information.

[0105] This disclosure recognizes that the use of such personal information data in the present technology can be used to the benefit of the user. For example, personal information data may be used to deliver content targeted to the user that is more likely to be of interest to the user. Thus, the use of such personal information data allows the user to exercise calculated control over the content that is delivered. Additionally, other uses of personal information data that benefit the user are also contemplated by this disclosure. For example, health and fitness data can be used to provide insight into the user's overall wellness, or as proactive feedback to individuals using the technology in pursuit of wellness goals.

[0106] This disclosure contemplates that entities involved in the collection, analysis, disclosure, transmission, storage, or other use of such personal information data will adhere to robust privacy policies and / or privacy practices. Specifically, such entities should implement and consistently use privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or government requirements for maintaining the strict confidentiality of personal information data. Such policies should be easily accessible to users and should be updated as data collection and / or use changes. Personal information from users should be collected for the entity's lawful and legitimate use and should not be shared or sold except for those lawful uses. Furthermore, such collection / sharing should be carried out after the user's informed consent is obtained. Furthermore, such entities should consider taking all necessary measures to protect and secure access to such personal information data and to ensure that others with access to the personal information data adhere to their privacy policies and procedures. Furthermore, such entities may be able to undergo third-party assessments to demonstrate their adherence to widely accepted privacy policies and practices. Furthermore, policies and practices should be tailored to the specific types of personal data collected and / or accessed and should comply with applicable laws, regulations, and standards, including jurisdiction-specific considerations. For example, in the United States, the collection of or access to certain health data may be governed by federal and / or state laws, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), while health data in other countries may be subject to other regulations and policies and should be addressed accordingly. Therefore, different privacy practices should be maintained in each country with respect to different types of personal data.

[0107] Notwithstanding the foregoing, the present disclosure also contemplates embodiments in which a user selectively blocks use of or access to personal information data. That is, the present disclosure contemplates that hardware and / or software elements may be provided to prevent or block access to such personal information data. For example, in the case of an advertising delivery service, the technology may be configured to allow a user to “opt in” or “opt out” of participating in the collection of personal information data during registration for the service or at any time thereafter. In another example, a user may choose not to provide mood-related data for a targeted content delivery service. In yet another example, a user may choose to limit the period for which mood-related data is maintained or to prohibit the development of a baseline mood profile altogether. In addition to providing “opt-in” and “opt-out” options, the present disclosure contemplates providing notice regarding the access or use of personal information. For example, a user may be notified upon downloading an app that will access the user's personal information data, and then again immediately before the app accesses the user's personal information data.

[0108] Furthermore, it is the intent of this disclosure that personal information data should be managed and handled in a manner that minimizes the risk of unintentional or unauthorized access or use. Risk can be minimized by limiting data collection and deleting data when it is no longer needed. Additionally, and where applicable in certain health-related applications, data anonymization can be used to protect user privacy. De-identification may be facilitated, where appropriate, by removing certain identifiers (e.g., date of birth, etc.), controlling the amount or specificity of data stored (e.g., collecting location data at a city level rather than an address level), controlling how data is stored (e.g., aggregating data across users), and / or other methods.

[0109] Thus, while this disclosure broadly encompasses the use of personal information data to implement one or more various disclosed embodiments, this disclosure also contemplates that the various embodiments may be implemented without requiring access to such personal information data. That is, various embodiments of the present technology are not rendered inoperable by the absence of all or part of such personal information data. For example, content may be selected and delivered to a user by inferring preferences based only on a minimal amount of non-personal information or personal information, such as content requested by devices associated with the user, other non-personal information available at content delivery services, or publicly available information.

[0110] In the foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, specific terminology was used to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that specific details are not required to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that numerous modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings.

Claims

1. A keycap, an upper body including a top surface, a flat bottom surface, and a sidewall; a display disposed beneath the keycaps and including a plurality of light sources along a flat upper surface, the flat upper surface configured to contact the flat lower surface of the upper body, and the sidewalls extending laterally around the display; a plurality of micro-perforations defined through the upper surface of the upper body to the planar lower surface, each micro-perforation including a first end and a second end opposite the first end; each light source of the plurality of light sources is configured to direct light through the upper body from the first end of a respective microperforation of the plurality of microperforations to the second end of the respective microperforation, and the light from each light source is prevented from emitting through a microperforation of the plurality of microperforations adjacent to the respective microperforation; all of said light passing through said plurality of micro-perforations and none of said light passing through said sidewall of said keycap; The keycap, wherein the plurality of microperforations are configured to generate a glyph when the light passes through the plurality of microperforations.

2. The keycap of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of micro-perforations are at least partially filled with a filler material.

3. The keycap of claim 2 , wherein the filler material comprises a partially opaque material.

4. 2. The keycap of claim 1, wherein the upper body at least partially includes a metal portion across the top surface through which the plurality of micro-perforations are formed.

5. 10. The keycap of claim 1, wherein the keycap is disposed within a keyweb, and wherein the first material of the keycap and the second material of the keyweb are matched in appearance, and the first material and the second material appear to the unaided human eye to share the same visual reflectance, surface texture, color, and opacity / transparency / translucency.

6. 6. The keycap of claim 5, wherein the plurality of microperforations are arranged in a rectangular grid, and each microperforation of the plurality of microperforations extends through the top surface such that the first end and the second end of each microperforation of the plurality of microperforations define a thickness of the top surface.

7. A keyboard, a housing including a top surface, the top surface having a housing surface appearance; a keycap disposed within the housing, the keycap including an outer surface and a flat inner surface, the keycap defining an array of perforations extending from the outer surface to the flat inner surface, the outer surface having a keycap surface appearance; an array of light sources disposed within a flat top surface of a display, the flat top surface of the display contacting the flat inner surfaces of the keycaps and the display being generally below the keycaps, the array of light sources configured to direct light through the keycaps via the array of perforations when the keyboard is in an activated configuration; when the keyboard is in the activated configuration, the array of perforations creates glyphs that appear to float above the housing and are visible through the exterior surface of the keycaps; A keyboard wherein, when the keyboard is in an inactive configuration, the keycap surface appearance blends with the housing surface appearance, and the keycap surface appearance and the housing surface appearance appear to the naked human eye to share the same visual reflectance, surface texture, color, and opacity / transparency / translucency.

8. The keyboard of claim 7 , wherein the housing and the keycaps each comprise a metallic material.

9. 8. The keyboard of claim 7, further comprising a key web framing the key cap.

10. 10. The keyboard of claim 9, wherein when the keyboard is in the non-activated configuration, a key web surface appearance of the key web blends with the key cap surface appearance, and the key web surface appearance and the key cap surface appearance appear to the unaided human eye to share the same visual reflectance, surface texture, color, and opacity / transparency / translucency.

11. 10. The keyboard of claim 9, wherein the key web comprises a metallic material.

12. 12. The keyboard of claim 11, wherein the array of perforations is configured to generate a plurality of glyphs when the keyboard is in the activated configuration, each glyph of the plurality of glyphs being different from other glyphs of the plurality of glyphs.

13. 10. The keyboard of claim 9, Further comprising a plurality of key caps including the key cap; each keycap of the plurality of keycaps is framed by the key web; each keycap of the plurality of keycaps is coupled to a respective array of light sources; a keyboard, wherein each keycap of the plurality of keycaps is configured to display a respective floating glyph via the respective array of light sources, each respective floating glyph having a different appearance than other floating glyphs of the plurality of keycaps.

14. 8. The keyboard of claim 7, wherein the array of perforations is not visible to the unaided human eye when the keyboard is in the non-activated configuration.

15. 8. The keyboard of claim 7, wherein each light source in the array of light sources corresponds to a single perforation in the array of perforations.

16. A keyboard, a chassis having a first surface appearance; a keycap disposed within the chassis, the keycap including an upper body having a bottom surface; a display having a flat top surface disposed beneath the keycaps and including a plurality of light sources; an opaque layer disposed between the upper body and the display and adjacent the bottom surface of the upper body, the opaque layer defining a plurality of microperforations and having a second surface appearance, the opaque layer having a flat bottom surface in contact with the flat top surface of the display, the plurality of light sources disposed below the flat bottom surface; each light source of the plurality of light sources is configured to direct light through a respective microperforation of the plurality of microperforations and not direct light through a microperforation adjacent to the respective microperforation; the plurality of microperforations are configured to generate a glyph when the light passes through the plurality of microperforations; a keyboard, wherein the first surface appearance of the chassis is matched with the second surface appearance of the opaque layer, and the first surface appearance and the second surface appearance appear to the naked human eye to share the same visual reflectance, surface texture, color, and opacity / transparency / translucency.

17. 17. The keyboard of claim 16, wherein the chassis includes a rigid web surrounding the keycap, and the first surface feature is on the rigid web.

18. 17. The keyboard of claim 16, wherein the chassis includes a rigid web; the rigid web includes a top layer and a bottom layer, the top layer having a top layer appearance; The appearance of the upper layer is consistent with the appearance of the top surface of the keycap; A keyboard wherein the lower layer and the opaque layer have a matching surface appearance, and the lower layer and the opaque layer appear to the naked human eye to share the same visual reflectance, surface texture, color, and opacity / transparency / translucency.

19. 17. The keyboard of claim 16, wherein the chassis includes a rigid web; the rigid web includes a top layer and a bottom layer underlying the top layer; the top layer and the top body of the keycap each include a transparent material; The first surface appearance is on the bottom layer.

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