Dry powdered compositions and methods and uses thereof

Abstract

Disclosed herein are compositions, articles of manufacture, containers or kits comprising such compositions, as well as methods and uses for controlling plant disease pathogens, increasing plant growth and / or food production, and / or improving irrigation system performance.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to and is entitled to the filing date of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 015,637, filed April 26, 2020, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. [Background technology]

[0002] Agriculture is of paramount importance to the world. Not only is it essential for providing food for the world, but it is also of vital economic importance to the economies of most, if not all, countries. Three factors that can affect crop yields are plant diseases, unfavorable growing conditions, and inefficient cultivation.

[0003] Losses due to infectious plant diseases can have devastating humanitarian consequences, with crop losses resulting in hunger, famine, and starvation. Furthermore, losses from plant diseases can also have significant economic impacts, causing reduced profits for crop producers and distributors and higher prices for consumers. In situations where infectious plant disease control methods are nonexistent or limited, annual losses of major crops are typically 30% to 50%. Traditional botanical technology based on pesticides has led to improvements in agricultural productivity. However, the use of pesticides has become unpopular due to negative consequences, such as increased costs for consumers and reduced income for crop producers and distributors. Furthermore, there is growing public concern regarding the negative impacts of pesticides on the environment. Despite this, protecting agriculturally important crops from plant diseases is crucial for improving crop yields.

[0004] Crop plants in various ecosystems around the world are also exposed to unfavorable growing conditions that negatively affect plant health and vigor. These non-ideal conditions typically result from soil or weather conditions or various stresses, including temperature extremes, unfavorable moisture and oxygen relationships, toxic substances in the soil or atmosphere, and excesses or deficiencies of essential minerals. These factors can reduce crop productivity to a greater or lesser extent, even under favorable growing conditions. Therefore, improving the growing conditions of agriculturally important crops is important for improving crop yields.

[0005] Finally, global population growth, with a concomitant decrease in land used for agriculture, is increasing pressure not only to optimize crop productivity but also to improve cultivation efficiency. Additionally, the demand for improved crop yields will only increase as both the global population continues to grow and the amount of agricultural land used continues to decrease. Therefore, increasing the productivity of agriculturally important crops is essential to improving crop yields.

[0006] Therefore, there is a great need for environmentally friendly treatments that enhance plant health and vigor, whether the plants are stressed by plant disease, by poor growing conditions, or when the plants are healthy and / or growing under favorable conditions but require improved cultivation efficiency and productivity. Such treatments should also reduce, if not completely eliminate, the use of pesticides to protect human welfare and the environment. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] Aspects of the present disclosure disclose compositions, including dry powdered compositions and liquid compositions, as well as methods and uses of the dry powdered and liquid compositions. The dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise a dried microbial supernatant and one or more dried nonionic surfactants or one or more biosurfactants. The dried fermented microbial supernatant contains bionutrients, minerals, and amino acids, but lacks active enzymes, activatable proenzymes, or any enzymatic activity. The dried fermented microbial supernatant disclosed herein may further lack live microorganisms, such as yeast or bacteria. The disclosed compositions may further comprise one or more anionic surfactants. The disclosed compositions are biodegradable and nontoxic to humans, mammals, plants, and the environment. The liquid compositions are the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein dissolved using a solvent.

[0008] Aspects of the present specification disclose kits. The disclosed kits include a dry powdered composition disclosed herein, instructions on how to use the dry powdered composition, and optionally a solvent. Exemplary instructions specify dissolving the dry powdered composition disclosed herein in a solvent to form a liquid composition. Exemplary solvents include water or a water-based solution.

[0009] Aspects of the present specification disclose methods for controlling plant diseases. Further aspects of the present specification disclose the use of the dry powdered composition disclosed herein to control plant diseases. The disclosed methods and uses include dissolving the dry powdered composition disclosed herein with a solvent to form a liquid composition, and applying an effective amount of the liquid composition to one or more locations where one or more plants and / or pathogens of plant diseases are exposed to the liquid composition. Such application results in the control of plant diseases. Exemplary locations where such application can be performed include, but are not limited to, a house, lawn, garden, field, farm, greenhouse, nursery, silo, agricultural storage area, water irrigation system, or seedling box.

[0010] Aspects of the present specification disclose methods for increasing plant growth and / or fruit production. Further aspects of the present specification disclose uses of the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein for increasing plant growth and / or fruit production. The disclosed methods and uses include dissolving the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein with a solvent to form a liquid composition, and applying an effective amount of the liquid composition to one or more plants and / or one or more locations where increased plant growth and / or fruit production is desired. Such application results in increased plant growth and / or increased crop production. Exemplary locations where such application may occur include, but are not limited to, a house, lawn, garden, field, farm, greenhouse, nursery, silo, agricultural storage area, water irrigation system, or seedling box.

[0011] Aspects of the present specification disclose methods for maintaining or improving the efficiency of an irrigation system. A further aspect of the present specification discloses the use of a dry powdered composition disclosed herein to maintain or improve the efficiency of an irrigation system. The disclosed methods and uses include diluting a dry powdered composition disclosed herein with a solvent to form a liquid composition, and applying an effective amount of the liquid composition disclosed herein to one or more pipes in the irrigation system's pipeline network where dissolution, distribution, or removal of one or more components that block and / or impede the flow of water is desired. Such application results in the appropriate removal of one or more components that block one or more pipeline networks of the irrigation system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] Plants suffer from disease when they are continually disrupted by a pathogen, resulting in abnormal physiological processes that disrupt the plant's normal structure, growth, function, or other activities. This interference with one or more of the plant's essential physiological or biochemical systems induces characteristic pathological conditions or symptoms. Plant diseases are caused by pathogenic organisms such as fungi, bacteria, mycoplasmas, viruses, viroids, nematodes, and parasitic flowering plants. Infectious agents are contagious, reproducing within or on their hosts and capable of spreading from one susceptible host to another. Plant diseases can be broadly classified according to the nature of their primary pathogen. Such primary pathogens include microorganisms such as viruses, fungi, and bacteria, as well as animals such as nematodes. However, one challenge in treating plant diseases caused by such primary pathogens is that they are typically protected from the environment by some kind of defense structure. These defense structures are not only essential for maintaining the health of these pathogens but also serve to shield them from compounds designed to destroy them.

[0013] A complete virus particle, known as a virion, consists of nucleic acid surrounded by a protective membrane of protein called a capsid. The capsid surrounds the viral genetic material and is made up of multiple oligomeric structural subunits made of proteins called protomers. Some viruses are enveloped, meaning that the capsid is surrounded by a lipid membrane known as the viral envelope. The envelope is acquired by the capsid from intracellular membranes of the virus's host. Examples include the inner nuclear membrane, the Golgi membrane, and the outer membrane of the cell.

[0014] Microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, mycoplasmas (bacteria without cell walls), and some fungi) secrete polymeric masses of biopolymers generally composed of extracellular nucleic acids, proteins, and polysaccharides that form a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The EPS matrix embeds the cells, adhering them to each other and to any biotic (living) or abiotic (abiotic) surface to form a sessile community of microorganisms called a biofilm or slime layer. Biofilm colonies can also form on solid substrates immersed in or exposed to aqueous solutions or as floating mats on liquid surfaces.

[0015] Biofilm development has five stages: initial attachment, irreversible attachment, maturation I, maturation II, and dispersal. Biofilm formation begins with the attachment of free-floating planktonic microorganisms to a surface. These initial colonists initially adhere to the surface through weak, reversible adhesion via van der Waals forces. If not quickly detached from the surface, these initial colonists become permanently anchored by the secretion of an EPS matrix and the formation of cell adhesion structures such as cilia (irreversible attachment). Once colonization begins, the biofilm grows through a combination of cell division and new recruitment of embedded microorganisms (maturity I and II). In addition to extracellular biopolymers secreted by microorganisms, biofilms can also incorporate materials from the surrounding environment, including, but not limited to, minerals, soil particles, and biological components. Maturation I and II are where the biofilm is established and may only change shape and size. The final stage of biofilm formation is known as dispersal, in which microorganisms are released from the biofilm and enter a planktonic growth phase to spread and colonize new surfaces.

[0016] Microorganisms living in biofilms are physiologically distinct and possess properties that are significantly different from free-floating planktonic microorganisms of the same species. One reason for these differences is that biofilms protect microorganisms from the environment and allow them to cooperate and interact in various ways. For example, biofilms improve microbial resistance to detergents and antibiotics. Furthermore, horizontal gene transfer is significantly enhanced in biofilms, leading to a more stable biofilm structure. Microorganisms within biofilms can also communicate with each other through quorum sensing (QS), using products such as N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs). Thus, biofilms play an essential and crucial role in microbial defense by shielding microorganisms from potentially harmful interactions with the environment.

[0017] Larger organisms are also protected from their environment by certain structures. Nematodes possess a cuticle, a polymerized proteinaceous extracellular matrix. The nematode cuticle forms when a layer of mostly syncial epithelial cells, called the hypodermis, secretes various proteins from its apical membrane, which are then extensively cross-linked by peroxidases on the outer surface of the hypodermis to form the cuticle. The main components of this flexible cuticle are members of the collagen superfamily and cuticulin, a highly cross-linked, insoluble class of protein. Above the cuticle is a lipid-rich, three-layered epicuticle, which itself is covered by a negatively charged envelope (or glycocalyx) rich in loosely associated glycoproteins. This multifunctional extracellular structure creates a highly impermeable barrier to protect the nematode from desiccation and pathogenic infection, as well as a structural framework to maintain its body shape and integrity, prevent mechanical damage from environmental insults, and enable movement via attachment to body wall muscles. Thus, the nematode cuticle plays an essential and vital role in maintaining the integrity of the nematode and its interaction with the environment.

[0018] Therefore, the defense structures present in primary pathogens of plant diseases, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and nematodes, are not only essential for the survival of these pathogens but also protect them from the environment. Therefore, treatments that interfere with or destroy the defense structures of primary pathogens of plant diseases can be highly beneficial.

[0019] Plants, or green plants, are multicellular eukaryotes in the kingdom Plantae, which form the clade Viridiplantae (subkingdom Chlorophyta). Green plants include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms, ferns, club mosses, hornworts, liverworts, and green algae, but exclude red and brown algae, fungi, archaea, bacteria, and animals. Plants are characterized by obtaining most of their energy from sunlight through photosynthesis using chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll a and b, which gives them their green color. Plants are also characterized by thick cellulose cell walls, central vacuoles for storage, plastids for pigment storage, sexual reproduction, modular and adventitious growth, and alternation of generations, although asexual reproduction is common.

[0020] A typical plant is structurally divided into two major divisions: the root system and the shoot system. The root system is usually underground and includes the taproot and lateral roots, as well as modified stem structures such as tubers and rhizomes. This system functions to anchor the plant in the soil, absorb water and nutrients from the soil, transport water and nutrients throughout the plant, store nutrients, and produce certain hormones. The shoot system is usually above ground and includes the stem, leaves, and reproductive organs. This system elevates the plant above the soil, performs photosynthesis, reproduces, transports water and nutrients throughout the plant, stores nutrients, and produces hormones.

[0021] Plants that have vascular tissue to distribute resources throughout the plant are called vascular plants. Vascular plants, also known as tracheophytes, are defined as terrestrial plants that have lignified vascular tissue (xylem) to conduct water and minerals throughout the plant, and specialized non-lignified vascular tissue (phloem) to conduct photosynthates. Vascular plants include club mosses, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms (including conifers), and angiosperms (flowering plants). Scientific names for this group include Tracheophyta (vascular plants) and Tracheobionta (vascular plants).

[0022] Xylem is a vascular tissue composed of dead cells at maturity. It transports xylem sap unidirectionally from the roots throughout the plant. Xylem sap contains water, soluble inorganic nutrients, and inorganic ions, but may also contain many organic chemicals. Movement of xylem sap through the xylem is passive and relies on capillary action, which provides a force that counteracts gravity and establishes an equilibrium configuration. This capillary action is achieved primarily by two mechanisms: transpirational suction and root pressure. Transpirational suction is due to surface tension created by the evaporation of water from the surface of leaf cells, which creates a negative pressure in the xylem that generates enough force to draw xylem sap up from the roots and soil. Root pressure is due to osmosis, which is created by a greater negative water potential due to the higher solute concentration in root cells compared to the soil, creating a positive pressure that pushes xylem sap up the xylem toward the leaves.

[0023] The phloem comprises living vascular tissue consisting of 1) conducting cells called sieve elements, which form tubes; 2) parenchyma cells, which contain both specialized companion or protein cells and unspecialized cells; and 3) supporting cells, which provide mechanical support. Because sieve elements lack nuclei and possess very few organelles, they rely on companion or protein cells for most of their metabolic needs. The phloem facilitates multidirectional transport of photosynthates (or sap) produced by the photosynthetic zones of the plant (primarily leaves) to all other parts of the plant where they are needed, particularly to nonphotosynthetic parts of the plant, such as roots, or storage structures, such as tubers or bulbs. Photosynthates are an aqueous solution rich in sugars and other soluble organic nutrients produced during photosynthesis. The movement of photosynthates through the phloem is driven by positive hydrostatic pressure. This process, called translocation, is carried out by processes called phloem loading and unloading. Cells in the sugar source "load" sieve tube elements by actively transporting solute molecules into them. This causes water to move into the phloem elements by osmosis, creating pressure that pushes down on the sap within the tube. In sugar sinks, cells actively transport solutes out of the phloem elements, producing the opposite effect.

[0024] The root system is a plant organ that typically resides below the soil surface. Structurally, roots are composed of the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, endothelium, and vascular system. The epidermis is the outer cellular layer. The cortex is the primary structural tissue of the root, bound to the outside by the epidermis and to the inside by the endodermis. The endodermis separates the cortex from the endothelium, the tissue from which lateral roots (or branch roots) arise. The center of the root contains vascular tissue composed of xylem and phloem. The root system includes the tap root, lateral roots, and root hairs and can be divided into three growth zones. The maturation zone is the portion of the root system containing the mature portions of the tap root, lateral roots, and root hairs that absorb water and nutrients from the soil and transport them through the xylem to the shoot system. The elongation zone is where newly divided cells enlarge. The meristematic zone, composed of the root apical meristem and root cap, is the zone where cell division and new cell growth occur.

[0025] Root hairs are absorptive single-cell extensions of root epidermal cells. These tiny hair-like structures serve as the primary site of water and mineral uptake. Attached to root hairs are beneficial microorganisms that form a beneficial symbiotic relationship with the plant. Mycorrhizae are soil fungi that appear to extend root contact with the soil surface, improving water and nutrient uptake. Rhizobium are soil bacteria that make atmospheric nitrogen available to plants, typically by forming nodules on the plant's roots.

[0026] Proper transport of both xylem sap and photosynthates is essential for plant survival. Therefore, enhancing this transport process benefits plant health. For example, improved absorption in root hairs increases the amount of water, minerals, and other nutrients a plant needs for growth. Similarly, better flow of xylem sap and photosynthates through vascular tissues ensures the effective and efficient synthesis of compounds and energy needed to maintain and continue plant growth.

[0027] On the other hand, any disturbance that impedes or stops the movement of xylem sap and photosynthates affects plant health. For example, when transpiration suction is impeded by high temperature, high humidity, darkness, or drought, negative water pressure in the xylem is dramatically reduced, impairing the flow of xylem sap. Similarly, when unfavorable environmental conditions impair water and nutrient absorption by root hairs, root pressure is impeded, which can significantly reduce positive water pressure in the xylem and impair the flow of xylem sap. As another example, when photosynthate flow in the phloem is impeded, nutrient distribution is impeded. In either of these cases, such flow obstruction can lead to wilting, withering, stunted growth, and reduced fertility, as well as increased susceptibility to plant diseases and unfavorable environmental conditions. In agriculture, such flow obstruction ultimately reduces crop yield. Therefore, treatments that promote, maintain, or enhance the flow of xylem sap and photosynthates in the xylem and phloem, respectively, would be highly beneficial.

[0028] Irrigation is the artificial application of water to land or soil. Irrigation is used in arid regions and during periods of insufficient rainfall to cultivate crops, maintain the landscape, and assist in the revegetation of disturbed soils. Irrigation also has several other uses in crop production, including protecting plants from frost, suppressing weed growth, and preventing soil compaction. In contrast, agriculture that relies solely on direct rainfall is called rain-fed or dryland agriculture.

[0029] The goal of irrigation is to distribute water evenly throughout a field so that each plant receives the amount of water it needs, without too much or too little. Overhead or sprinkler irrigation is a method in which water is distributed under high pressure through a network of pipes to one or more central locations in the field and distributed by overhead sprinklers or guns. Sprinklers can also be mounted on platforms that can be moved manually or automatically to different areas of the field. Types of overhead irrigation methods include center-pivot irrigation, mobile sprinkler irrigation, lateral movement irrigation, and wheel-line irrigation. Local irrigation is a method in which water is distributed under low pressure through a network of pipes in a predetermined pattern, releasing small amounts onto each plant or its neighbors. Types of local irrigation methods include drip irrigation, spray or micro-sprinkler irrigation, and bubbler irrigation. Local irrigation methods can be the most water-efficient irrigation method because they deliver only the amount of water needed and minimize evaporation and runoff.

[0030] Most commercial and residential irrigation systems are "in-ground," meaning that they are completely buried underground. Because the pipes, sprinklers, emitters, and irrigation valves are hidden, there's no need to manually move garden hoses or other items, resulting in a cleaner, more attractive landscape. However, this creates some drawbacks to maintaining a fully underground system.

[0031] Irrigation can lead to several problems. For example, the piping networks of overhead and local irrigation systems can become clogged with the growth of biofilm-forming algae and other microorganisms, leading to water distribution anomalies. Such poor water distribution can create unfavorable growing conditions that adversely affect plant health and vitality. For example, inconsistent water distribution can lead to under- or over-irrigation of parts of a field due to uneven water distribution uniformity, increasing soil salinity and resulting in harmful salt accumulation on the soil surface due to under-irrigation, crop failure due to under- or over-irrigation, and increased prevalence of plant diseases. Therefore, measures to promote, maintain, or enhance water flow in local and overhead irrigation systems would be highly beneficial.

[0032] Without wishing to be bound by theory, the dry powdered and liquid compositions disclosed herein, and their related methods and uses, dissolve, disperse, or otherwise destroy one or more components of the defense structures present on pathogens of plant diseases, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and nematodes, resulting in their death through the disruption of one or more essential physiological processes. This mechanism of action relates to the ability of the dry powdered and liquid compositions disclosed herein, and their related methods and uses, to disrupt or otherwise disrupt the epicuticular layer of viral capsids, microbial biofilms, and the lipid-based membrane of nematode cuticles.

[0033] Furthermore, without wishing to be bound by theory, the dry powdered and liquid compositions disclosed herein, and their associated methods and uses, improve root hair absorption, improve xylem sap flow through the xylem, improve photosynthate flow in the phloem, and improve water and nutrient transport, which maintains and / or enhances plant health and vitality. This mechanism of action relates to the ability of the dry powdered and liquid compositions disclosed herein, and their associated methods and uses, to enhance a plant's ability to uptake water, minerals, and other nutrients from the soil, increase capillary action and / or hydrostatic pressure in the xylem, and / or increase chemical and energy synthesis, resulting in sustained and ongoing plant growth and / or improved plant health and vitality.

[0034] Similarly, without wishing to be bound by theory, the dry powdered and liquid compositions disclosed herein, and their associated methods and uses, dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove one or more components that interfere with xylem sap flow in the xylem and / or photosynthate flow in the phloem, improving water and nutrient transport to maintain and / or enhance plant health and vitality. This mechanism of action relates to the ability of the dry powdered and liquid compositions disclosed herein, and their associated methods and uses, to dissolve or remove one or more components that block the flow paths of the xylem and phloem.

[0035] Furthermore, without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the dry powdered and liquid compositions disclosed herein, and their associated methods and uses, dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove one or more components that disrupt water flow within an irrigation system's pipeline network, resulting in improved water distribution that maintains and / or enhances plant health and vitality. This mechanism of action relates to the ability of the dry powdered and liquid compositions disclosed herein, and their associated methods and uses, to dissolve or remove one or more components that block the pipeline network.

[0036] Regardless of theory of operation, the dry powdered compositions, liquid compositions, methods, and uses disclosed herein provide an alternative that does not rely on chemicals that are toxic to humans or the environment. Rather, the dry powdered compositions, liquid compositions, methods, and uses disclosed herein work by taking advantage of inherent processes that improve the absorption and transport of raw materials and improve the synthesis of growth-sustaining compounds and energy. Similarly, the dry powdered compositions, liquid compositions, methods, and uses disclosed herein work by taking advantage of the natural vulnerability of pathogens to their environment, one or more components that block the flow of xylem sap and / or photosynthates in plants, or one or more components that block water flow in irrigation systems. Furthermore, the dry powdered compositions, liquid compositions, methods, and uses disclosed herein have been proven to be substantially non-toxic to humans and livestock and to have minimal adverse effects on wildlife and the environment.

[0037] Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, compositions. The compositions disclosed herein comprise a treated fermentation microbial supernatant and one or more nonionic surfactants. The treated fermentation microbial supernatant contains bionutrients, minerals, and amino acids, but lacks active enzymes, activatable proenzymes, or any enzymatic activity. In an aspect of this embodiment, the treated fermentation microbial supernatant disclosed herein lacks live microorganisms, such as yeast or bacteria. Furthermore, the composition itself lacks active enzymes, activatable proenzymes, or any enzymatic activity. In an aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein lack live microorganisms, such as yeast or bacteria. As disclosed herein, the compositions disclosed herein can be solid, liquid, or colloidal formulations. Solid formulations include dry powdered compositions, liquid formulations include liquid and paste compositions, and colloidal formulations include colloidal compositions, such as foams, aerosols, emulsions, gels, or sols. The compositions disclosed herein can be prepared in a concentrated form that requires dilution before use or in a ready-to-use form.

[0038] Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, a dry powdered composition. The dry powdered composition disclosed herein comprises a dried microbial supernatant and one or more dried nonionic surfactants. The dried fermented microbial supernatant contains bionutrients, minerals, and amino acids, but lacks active enzymes, activatable proenzymes, or any enzymatic activity. In aspects of this embodiment, the dried fermented microbial supernatant disclosed herein lacks live microorganisms, such as yeast or bacteria.

[0039] In some aspects of this embodiment, the dry powdered composition disclosed herein comprises, for example, about 5% to about 15% by weight of dried fermented microbial supernatant and about 75% to about 95% by weight of one or more nonionic surfactants. In other aspects of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises, for example, about 7% to about 12% by weight of dried fermented microbial supernatant and about 80% to about 90% by weight of one or more nonionic surfactants. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the dry powdered composition disclosed herein comprises, for example, about 8% to about 10% by weight of dried fermented microbial supernatant and about 85% to about 90% by weight of one or more nonionic surfactants. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the dry powdered composition disclosed herein comprises, for example, about 9% to about 10% by weight of dried fermented microbial supernatant and about 87% to about 90% by weight of one or more nonionic surfactants. In another aspect of this embodiment, the dry powdered composition disclosed herein comprises, for example, about 9% to about 10% by weight of dried fermented microbial supernatant and about 89% to about 90% by weight of one or more nonionic surfactants. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the dry powdered composition disclosed herein comprises, for example, about 9% to about 9.2% by weight of dried fermented microbial supernatant and about 89% to about 89.9% by weight of one or more nonionic surfactants.

[0040] In some embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise a dried microbial supernatant and one or more dried non-ionic biosurfactants. The dried fermented microbial supernatant contains bionutrients, minerals, and amino acids, but lacks active enzymes, activating proenzymes, or any enzymatic activity. In aspects of this embodiment, the dried fermented microbial supernatant disclosed herein lacks live microorganisms, such as yeast or bacteria.

[0041] In some aspects of this embodiment, the dry powdered composition disclosed herein comprises, for example, about 5% to about 15% by weight of dried fermented microbial supernatant and about 75% to about 95% by weight of one or more nonionic biosurfactants. In other aspects of this embodiment, the composition disclosed herein comprises, for example, about 6% to about 14% by weight of dried fermented microbial supernatant and about 80% to about 95% by weight of one or more nonionic biosurfactants. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the dry powdered composition disclosed herein comprises, for example, about 6% to about 12% by weight of dried fermented microbial supernatant and about 85% to about 95% by weight of one or more nonionic biosurfactants. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the dry powdered composition disclosed herein comprises, for example, about 7% to about 11% by weight of dried fermented microbial supernatant and about 87% to about 93% by weight of one or more nonionic biosurfactants. In another aspect of this embodiment, the dry powdered composition disclosed herein comprises, for example, about 8% to about 10% by weight of dried fermented microbial supernatant and about 89% to about 91% of one or more non-ionic biosurfactants. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the dry powdered composition disclosed herein comprises, for example, about 9% to about 9.2% by weight of dried fermented microbial supernatant and about 89% to about 89.9% by weight of one or more non-ionic biosurfactants.

[0042] Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, a fermentation microbial supernatant. The fermentation microbial supernatant disclosed herein can be prepared by culturing a yeast strain, a bacterial strain, or a combination of both a yeast strain and a bacterial strain in a fermentation medium comprising a sugar source, malt, and a magnesium salt. In one aspect of this embodiment, only a single yeast strain is used in the fermentation medium. In another aspect of this embodiment, two or more different yeast strains are used in the fermentation medium. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, only a single bacterial strain is used in the fermentation medium. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, two or more different bacterial strains are used in the fermentation medium. In another aspect of this embodiment, one or more different yeast strains are used in combination with one or more different bacteria in the fermentation medium. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, two, three, four, five, or more different yeast strains are used in combination with two, three, four, five, or more different bacteria in the fermentation medium.

[0043] Sugar sources include, but are not limited to, sucrose from molasses, raw cane sugar, soybeans, or mixtures thereof. Molasses generally contain up to about 50% sucrose, as well as ash, organic non-sugars, and some water, in addition to reducing sugars such as glucose and maltase. The presence of the types of sugars found in molasses is important in promoting the activity of enzymes and the yeasts from which they are produced. While unprocessed cane molasses is preferred, other molasses, such as beet molasses and barrel molasses, can also be used as natural sources of materials necessary for enzymatic fermentation. The amount of molasses useful in preparing the fermentation media disclosed herein is 40% to about 80% by weight, preferably about 55% to about 75% by weight. It is understood that the specific amount of molasses utilized can be varied to obtain the optimum composition desired.

[0044] Cane raw sugar is a sugar product that is unrefined and contains residual molasses and other natural impurities. While not fully understood, the presence of raw sugar in a fermentation reaction has been found to significantly improve properties compared to the use of refined sugar, which is used for decolorization and final purification and contains residual chemicals that may have some adverse effects on yeast and malt enzymes. Optimal biological and enzymatic properties of the disclosed fermentation media have been found to be improved when raw sugar is included as part of the fermentable material present in the mixture. The amount of cane raw sugar useful in preparing the fermentation media disclosed herein can be from about 10% to about 40% by weight, preferably from about 10% to about 30% by weight. It is understood that the specific amount of cane raw sugar utilized can be varied to obtain the optimal composition desired.

[0045] The essential enzymes that favorably contribute to the fermentation reaction are provided by malt and yeast and / or bacteria. The specific malt utilized is preferably saccharifying malt, which contains enzymes including diastase, maltase, and amylase. Malt is also believed to improve the activity of yeast and / or bacteria, in addition to contributing to the overall potency and activity of the enzyme composition in the final product mixture. The amount of malt useful in preparing the fermentation media disclosed herein can be from about 3% to about 15% by weight, preferably from about 7% to about 12% by weight. It is understood that the specific amount of malt utilized can be varied to obtain the optimal composition desired.

[0046] Fermentation is a metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and other complex organic substances into simpler substances such as sugars, acids, gases, or alcohol. Fermentation can occur in yeast, bacteria, and molds. Fermentation includes ethanol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. Lactic acid fermentation includes homolactic fermentation and heterolactic fermentation.

[0047] Yeast refers to any fermenting fungus capable of producing the enzymes necessary for the fermentation reaction, for example, to convert carbohydrates into carbon dioxide and alcohol. Several enzymes are produced by active yeast during the fermentation reaction, including both hydrolases and oxidases, such as invertase, catalase, lactase, maltase, carboxylase, and others. Yeast includes yeast strains useful for food processing fermentation, such as bean-based fermentation, dough-based fermentation, grain-based fermentation, plant-based fermentation, fruit-based fermentation, honey-based fermentation, dairy-based fermentation, fish-based fermentation, meat-based fermentation, and tea-based fermentation. A non-exhaustive list of specific yeast genera useful in the fermentation reactions disclosed herein includes Brettanomyces, Candida, Cyberlindnera, Cystofilobasidium, Debaryomyces, Dekkera, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Issatchenkia, Kazachstania, Kloeckera, Kluyveromyces, Lecanicillium, Mucor, Neurospora, Yeast species useful in the fermentation reactions disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, Pediococcus, Penicillium, Pichia, Rhizopus, Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Thrichosporon, Torulaspora, Torulopsis, Verticillium, Yarrowia, Zygosaccharomyces, and Zygotorulaspora.A non-exhaustive list of specific yeast species useful in the fermentation reactions disclosed herein includes B. anomalus, B. bruxellensis, B. claussenii, B. custersianus, B. naardenensis, B. nanus, C. colliculosa, C. exiguous, and C. humicola. , C.kefyr (C.kefyr), C.krusei (C.krusei), C.milleri (C.milleri), C.mycoderma (C.mycoderma), C.pelliculosa (C.pelliculosa), C.rugose (C.rugose), C.stellate (C.stellata), C.tropicalis (C.tropicalis), C.utilis (C.utilis), C.valida (C.valida), C.vini (C.vini), C.zeylanoides (C.zeylanoides), Cb.mrakii (Cb.mrakii), Cs , infirmominiatum (Cs. infirmominiatum), D. hansenii (D. hansenii), D. kloeckeri (D. kloeckeri), Dk. anomala (Dk. anomala), Dk. bruxellensis (Dk. bruxellensis), F. domesticum (F. domesticum), G. candidum (G. candidum), I. utilis (Corientalis (I. orientalis), K. exigua (K. exigua), K. unispora (K. unispora), Kl. africa na (Kl. africana), Kl.apis (Kl. apis), Kl.javanica (Kl. javanica), Ku.lactis (Ku. lactis), Ku.marxianus (Ku. marxianus), Ku.marxianus (Ku. marxianus), L.lecanii (L. lecanii), M.hiemalis (M. hiemalis), M.plumbeus (M. plumbeus), M.racemosus (M. racemosus), M.racemosus (M. racemosus), N.intermedia (N. intermedia),P. cerevisiae (P. cerevisiae), Pn. album (Pn. album), Pn. camemberti (Pn. camemberti), Pn. caseifulvum (Pn. caseifulvum), Pn. chrysogenum (Pn. chrysogenum), Pn. commune (Pn. commune), Pn. nalgiovense (Pn. nalgiovense), Pn. roqueforti (Pn. roqueforti), Pn. solitum (Pn. solitum), Pi. fermentans (Pi. fermentans, R. microsp ores (R. microspores), Rs. infirmominiatum (Rs. infirmominiatum), Rt. glutinis (Rt. glutinis), Rt. minuta (Rt. minuta), Rt. rubra (Rt. rubra), S. bayanus (S. bayanus), S. boulardii (S. boulardii), S. carlsbergensis (S. carlsbergensis), S. cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae), S. eubayanus (S. eubayanus), S. paradoxus (S. paradoxus), S. p astorianus (S. pastorianus), S. rouzii (S. rouzii), S. uvarum (S. uvarum), Sc. pombe (Sc. pombe), Th. beigelii (Th. beigelii), T. delbrueckii (T. delbrueckii), T. franciscae (T. franciscae), T. pretoriensis (T. pretoriensis), T. microellipsoides (T. microellipsoides), T. globosa (T. globosa), T. indica (T. indica), T. male eae (T. maleae), T. quercuum (T. quercuum), To. versatilis (To. versatilis), V. lecanii (V. lecanii), Y. lipolytica (Y. lipolytica), Z. baiilii (Z. baileyi), Z. bisporus (Z. bisporus), Z. cidri (Z. cidri), Z. fermentati (Z. fermentati), Z. florentinus (Z. florentinus), Z. kombuchaensis (Z. kombuchaensis), Z. lentus (Z. lentus),Examples of suitable yeast include, but are not limited to, Z. mellis, Z. microellipsoides, Z. mrakii, Z. pseudorouxii, Z. rouxii, and Z. florentina. A preferred yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly available as baker's yeast.

[0048] Bacteria refers to any fermenting bacterium capable of producing the enzymes necessary for a fermentation reaction that results in the production of, for example, an alcohol, such as ethanol, or an acid, such as acetic acid, lactic acid, and / or succinic acid. A non-exhaustive list of specific bacterial genera useful in the fermentation reactions disclosed herein includes Acetobacter, Arthrobacter, Aerococcus, Bacillus, Bifidobacterium, Brachybacterium, Brevibacterium, Barnobacterium, and the like. genus), Carnobacterium, Corynebacterium, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Gluconacetobacter, Gluconobacter, Hafnia, Halomonas, Kocuria, Lactobacillus Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Macrococcus, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Neisseria, Oenococcus, Pediococcus, Propionibacterium, Proteus Bacteria, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, Salmonella, Sporolactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Streptomyces, Tetragenococcus, Vagococcus,A non-exhaustive list of specific bacterial species useful in the fermentation reactions disclosed herein includes, but is not limited to, A. aceti, A. fabarum, A. lovaniensis, A. malorum, A. orientalis, A. pasteurianus, A. pasteurianus, A. pomorum, A. syzygii, A. tropica, A. acetylacetoni ... lis (A. tropicalis), Ar. arilaitensis (Ar. arilaitensis), Ar. Bergerei (Ar. bergerei), Ar. Globiformis (Ar. globiformis), Ar. nicotianae (Ar. nicotianae), Ar. variabil (Ar. variabil), B. cereus (B. cereus), B. coagulans (B. coagulans), B. licheniformis (B. licheniformis), B. pumilus (B. pumilus), B. sphaericus (B. sphaericus), B. stearothermophilus, B. subtilis, B. adolescentis, B. animalis, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. infantis, B. lactis, B. longum, B. pseudolongum, B. pseudolongum, B .thermophilum (B. thermophilum), Br.alimentarium (Br. alimentarium), Br.alimentarium (Br. alimentarium), Br.tyrofermentans (Br. tyrofermentans), Br.tyrofermentans (Br. tyrofermentans), Bv.aurantiacum (Bv. aurantiacum), Bv.casei (Bv. casei), Bv.linens (Bv. linens), C.divergens (C. divergens),C. maltaromaticum (C. maltaromaticum), C. piscicola (C. piscicola), C. ammoniagenes (C. ammoniagenes), Co. casei (Co. casei), Co. flavescens (Co. flavescens), Co. mooreparkense (Co. mooreparkense), Co. variabile (Co. variabile), E. faecalis (E. faecium), G. azotocaptans (G. azotocaptans), G. diazot rophicus (G. diazotrophicus), G. entanii (G. entanii), G. europaeus (G. europaeus), G. hansenii (G. hansenii), G. johannae (G. johannae), G. oboediens (G. oboediens), G. xylinus (G. xylinus), Gl. oxydans (Gl. oxydans), H. alvei (H. alvei), Hl. elongate (Hl. elongate), K. rhizophila (K. rhizophila), K. rhizophila (K. Rhizophylla), K. varians, K. varians, L. acetotolerans, L. acidifarinae, L. acidipiscis, L. alimentarius, L. brevis, L. bucheri, L. cacaonum, L. casei, L. cellobiosus , L. collinoides (L. corinoides), L. composti (L. composti), L. coryniformis (L. coryniformis), L. crispatus (L. crispatus), L. curvatus (L. curvatus), L. delbrueckii (L. delbrueckii), L. dextrinicus (L. dextrinicus), L. diolivorans (L. diolivorans), L. fabifermentans (L. fabifermentans), L. farciminis (L. farciminis),L.fermentum, L.gasseri, L.ghanensis, L.hammesii, L.harbinensis, L.helveticus, L.hilgardii, L.homohiochii, L.jensenii, L.johnsonii, L.kefiranofaciens L.kefiri, L.kimchi, L.kisonensis, L.kunkeei, L.mali, L.manihotivorans , L.mindensis, L.mucosae, L.nagelii, L.namuresis, L.nantesis, L.nodensis, L.o eni (L. oeni), L. otakiensis (L. otakiensis), L. panis (L. panis), L. parabrevis (L. parabrevis), L. parabuchneri (L. parabuchneri), L. paracasei (L. paracasei), L. parakefiri (L. parakefiri), L. paralimentarius (L. paralimentarius), L. paraplantarum (L. paraplantarum), L. pentosus (L. pentosus), L. perolens (L. perolens), L. pla ntarum (L. plantarum), L. pobuzihii (L. pobzihii), L. pontis (L. pontis), L. rapi (L. rapi), L. reuteri (L. reuteri), L. rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus), L. rossiae (L. rossiae), L. sakei (L. sakei), L. salivarius (L. salivarius), L. sanfranciscensis (L. sanfranciscensis), L. satsumensis (L. satsumensis), L. secaliphilus (L. secaliphilus),L.senmaizukei, L.siliginis, L.similis, L.spicheri, L.suebicus, L.sunkii, L.tucceti, L.vaccinostercus, L.versmoldesis, L.yamanashiensis, Lc.lactis, Lc.raffinolactis, Le.car nosum (Le. carnosum), Le. citreum (Le. citreum), Le. fallax (Le. fallax), Le. holzapfelii (Le. holzapfelii), Le. inhae (Le. inhae), Le. kimchi (Le. kimchi), Le. lactis (Le. lactis), Le. mesenteroides (Le. mesenteroides), Le. palmae (Le. palmae), Le. Pseudomesenteroides (Le. pseudomesenteroides), M. caseolyticus (M. caseolyticus), Mb. foliorum (Mb. foliorum), Mb gubbeenense (Mb. gubbeenense), Mc.luteus (Mc. luteus), Mc.lylae (Mc. lylae), P.acidilactici (P. acidilactici), P.pentosaceus (P. pentosaceus), P.acidipropionici (P. acidipropionici), P.freudenreichii (P. freudenreichii), P.jensenii (P. jensenii), P.thoenii (P. thoenii) ), Pr. vulgaris (P. vulgaris), Ps. fluorescens (P. fluorescens), Py. celer (P. celer), S. carnosus (S. carnosus), S. condiment (S. condiment), S. equorum (S. equorum), S. fleurettii (S. fleurettii), S. piscifermentans (S. piscifermentans), S. saphrophyticus (S. saphrophyticus),S.sciuri (S. sciuri), S.simulans (S. simulans), S.succinus (S. succinus), S.vitulinus (S. vitulinus), S.warneri (S. warneri), S.xylosus (S. xylosus), St.cremoris (St. cremoris), St.gallolyticus (St. gallolyticus), S, These include, but are not limited to, T. salivarius (St. salivarius), St. thermophiles (St. thermophilus), St. griseus (St. griseus), T. halophilus (T. halophilus), T. koreensis (T. coreensis), W. beninensis (W. coreensis), W. cibaria (W. cibaria), W. fabaria (W. fabaria), W. ghanesis (W. ghanesis), W. koreensis (W. coreensis), W. paramesenteroides (W. paramesenteroides), W. thailandensis (W. thailandensis), and Z. mobilis (Z. mobilis).

[0049] Mold refers to any fermenting fungus capable of producing the enzymes necessary for a fermentation reaction that results in the production of, for example, an alcohol, such as ethanol, or an acid, such as acetic acid, lactic acid, and / or succinic acid. A non-exhaustive list of specific fungal genera useful in the fermentation reactions disclosed herein includes, but is not limited to, Aspergillus. A non-exhaustive list of specific fungal species useful in the fermentation reactions disclosed herein includes, but is not limited to, A. acidus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. oryzae, and A. sojae.

[0050] It is understood that the actual amounts of various enzymes produced will depend on several factors, including the type of molasses and sugar used in preparing the fermentation mixture. However, again, it is believed that the utilization of molasses and raw sugar will provide optimal enzyme yield and activity. In one embodiment, the amount of yeast useful in preparing the fermentation media disclosed herein can be from about 0.2% to about 5% by weight, preferably from about 1% to about 3% by weight. It is understood that the specific amount of yeast utilized can be varied to obtain the optimal composition desired.

[0051] The presence of small amounts of inorganic catalysts, such as magnesium salts, enhances the activity of enzymes not only during the fermentation reaction but also thereafter in the product composition as they attack and decompose organic waste. A preferred magnesium salt is magnesium sulfate. The amount of magnesium salt useful in preparing the fermentation media disclosed herein can be from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight, preferably from about 1% to about 3% by weight. It is understood that the specific amount of magnesium salt utilized can be varied to obtain the optimal composition desired.

[0052] To prepare the fermentation microbial supernatant, molasses, sucrose, and magnesium salts are added to a suitable amount of warm water. While the specific amount of water used is not particularly critical, a suitable amount of water is typically about 2 to about 20 times the total weight of the other components of the fermentation medium used in the fermentation reaction. This amount of water not only facilitates easy mixing, but is also sufficient to activate yeast, bacteria, and / or mold and dissolve other ingredients. Furthermore, the water temperature should not be so high that the heat inactivates the malt and yeast enzymes necessary for fermentation. Therefore, for example, water temperatures above about 65°C should be avoided, with a preferred temperature being about 25°C to about 45°C. The use of cold water can excessively slow the fermentation reaction rate and should therefore be avoided even when increased reaction rate is desired. After the molasses, sugar, and magnesium salts are effectively mixed and dissolved, the malt and yeast are added, and the mixture is stirred and allowed to stand until fermentation is essentially complete. The reaction time can be about 2 to about 5 days at a temperature of about 20°C to about 45°C. Completion can be easily confirmed by noting that the effervescence of the reaction mixture has substantially subsided. At the end of the fermentation reaction, the fermenting microbial culture is centrifuged to remove any "sludge" formed during fermentation. The resulting fermentation supernatant (typically about 90% to about 98% by weight) is collected for further processing.

[0053] The fermentation microbial supernatant contains bionutrients, minerals, and amino acids. Bionutrients are typically present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 1% of the total weight of the fermentation microbial supernatant. Individual bionutrients are typically present in an amount of about 0.00001% to about 0.01% of the total weight of the fermentation microbial supernatant. Examples of bionutrients include, but are not limited to, biotin, folic acid, glucans such as α-glucan and β-glucan, niacin, insotil, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, riboflavin, and thiamine. In an aspect of this embodiment, the fermentation microorganism supernatant disclosed herein contains, for example, about 0.00001% to about 0.0011% biotin, about 0.0006% to about 0.016% folic acid, about 0.005% to about 15% niacin, about 0.01% to about 1% insotil, about 0.00017% to about 0.017% pantothenic acid, about 0.0006% to about 0.016% pyrodoxine, about 0.002% to about 0.023% riboflavin, and about 0.001% to about 0.02% thiamine. In another aspect of this embodiment, the fermentation microbial supernatant disclosed herein contains, for example, about 0.00006% to about 0.0006% biotin, about 0.001% to about 0.011% folic acid, about 0.01% to about 0.1% niacin, about 0.08% to about 0.18% insotil, about 0.002% to about 0.012% pantothenic acid, about 0.001% to about 0.011% pyrodoxine, about 0.007% to about 0.017% riboflavin, and about 0.003% to about 0.013% thiamine. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the fermentation microorganism supernatant disclosed herein contains, for example, about 0.00012% to about 0.0006% biotin, about 0.001% to about 0.011% folic acid, about 0.01% to about 0.1% niacin, about 0.08% to about 0.18% insotil, about 0.003% to about 0.013% pantothenic acid, about 0.001% to about 0.011% pyrodoxine, about 0.008% to about 0.017% riboflavin, and about 0.003% to about 0.013% thiamine.In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the fermentation microbial supernatant disclosed herein contains, for example, about 0.00009% to about 0.0003% biotin, about 0.004% to about 0.008% folic acid, about 0.03% to about 0.07% niacin, about 0.11% to about 0.15% insotil, about 0.006% to about 0.01% pantothenic acid, about 0.004% to about 0.008% pyrodoxine, about 0.01% to about 0.014% riboflavin, and about 0.006% to about 0.010% thiamine.

[0054] Minerals are typically present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 20% of the total weight of the fermentation microbial supernatant. Individual minerals are typically present in an amount of about 0.0001% to about 5% of the total weight of the fermentation microbial supernatant. Examples of minerals include, but are not limited to, calcium, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, phosphate, potassium, sodium, and zinc. In an aspect of this embodiment, the fermentation microbial supernatant disclosed herein contains, for example, about 0.02% to about 0.3% calcium, about 0.000002% to about 0.0016% chromium, about 0.000009% to about 0.0014% copper, about 0.00005% to about 0.02% iron, about 0.001% to about 1.3% magnesium, about 0.2% to about 14% phosphate, about 0.4% to about 16% potassium, about 0.2% to about 15% sodium, and about 0.08% to about 13% zinc. In another aspect of this embodiment, the fermentation microbial supernatant disclosed herein contains, for example, about 0.07% to about 0.21% calcium, about 0.000007% to about 0.0011% chromium, about 0.00004% to about 0.0009% copper, about 0.0001% to about 0.015% iron, about 0.005% to about 0.9% magnesium, about 0.7% to about 9% phosphate, about 0.9% to about 11% potassium, about 0.7% to about 10% sodium, and about 0.3% to about 8% zinc. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the fermentation microbial supernatant disclosed herein contains, for example, about 0.05% to about 1% calcium, about 0.0001% to about 0.0009% chromium, about 0.00006% to about 0.0007% copper, about 0.0001% to about 0.013% iron, about 0.005% to about 1% magnesium, about 0.1% to about 7% phosphate, about 0.5% to about 9% potassium, about 0.5% to about 8% sodium, and about 0.5% to about 6% zinc. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the fermentation microbial supernatant disclosed herein contains, for example, about 0.12% to about 0.16% calcium, about 0.0002% to about 0.0006% chromium, about 0.00009% to about 0.0004% copper, about 0.0006% to about 0.01% iron, about 0.01% to about 0.4% magnesium, about 1% to about 4% phosphate, about 2% to about 6% potassium, about 1% to about 5% sodium, and about 0.8% to about 3% zinc.

[0055] Amino acids are typically present in an amount of about 20% to about 60% of the total weight of the fermentation microbial supernatant. Individual amino acids are typically present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 15% of the total weight of the fermentation microbial supernatant. Examples of minerals include, but are not limited to, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glycine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, and threonine. In various aspects of this embodiment, the fermentation microorganism supernatant disclosed herein contains, for example, about 0.2% to about 16% alanine, about 0.09% to about 15% arginine, about 0.4% to about 18% aspartic acid, about 0.003% to about 5% cysteine, about 0.5% to about 20% glutamic acid, about 0.09% to about 15% glycine, about 0.09% to about 15% lysine, about 0.002% to about 5% methionine, about 0.09% to about 15% phenylalanine, about 0.09% to about 15% proline, about 0.09% to about 15% serine, and about 0.09% to about 15% threonine. In another aspect of this embodiment, the fermentation microorganism supernatant disclosed herein contains, for example, about 0.7% to about 11% alanine, about 0.5% to about 10% arginine, about 0.9% to about 13% aspartic acid, about 0.008% to about 1.2% cysteine, about 1% to about 15% glutamic acid, about 0.5% to about 10% glycine, about 0.8% to about 12% lysine, about 0.2% to about 1.6% methionine, about 0.5% to about 10% phenylalanine, about 0.5% to about 10% proline, about 0.5% to about 10% serine, and about 0.5% to about 10% threonine. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the fermentation microorganism supernatant disclosed herein contains, for example, about 0.5% to about 9% alanine, about 0.5% to about 8% arginine, about 1% to about 11% aspartic acid, about 0.01% to about 2% cysteine, about 3% to about 13% glutamic acid, about 0.5% to about 8% glycine, about 1% to about 10% lysine, about 0.3% to about 3% methionine, about 0.5% to about 7% phenylalanine, about 0.5% to about 7% proline, about 0.5% to about 7% serine, and about 0.5% to about 7% threonine.In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the fermentation microorganism supernatant disclosed herein contains, for example, about 2% to about 6% alanine, about 1% to about 5% arginine, about 4% to about 8% aspartic acid, about 0.03% to about 0.7% cysteine, about 6% to about 10% glutamic acid, about 1% to about 5% glycine, about 3% to about 7% lysine, about 0.7% to about 1.1% methionine, about 1% to about 5% phenylalanine, about 1% to about 5% proline, about 1% to about 5% serine, and about 1% to about 5% threonine.

[0056] Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, a treated fermentation microbial supernatant. The treated fermentation microbial supernatant is a fermentation microbial supernatant that has been processed to denature, kill, or otherwise destroy any remaining viable microorganisms, active enzymes provided by the microorganisms and malt, as well as any other microorganisms or enzymes provided by other sources present in the fermentation microbial supernatant disclosed herein. Non-limiting examples of useful treatment procedures include a boiling process using high temperatures, an autoclave process using high temperatures and pressure, or an irradiation process by exposing the supernatant to ionizing radiation, or any other sterilization process that denatures, kills, or destroys any remaining viable yeast, active enzymes provided by the yeast and malt, as well as any other microorganisms or enzymes provided by other sources present in the fermentation microbial supernatant disclosed herein. Furthermore, the above treatment processes can be used alone, in combination with each other, or in combination with pasteurization processes, chemical sterilization processes, and sterile filtration processes to denature, kill, or destroy proteins such as enzymes and microorganisms such as yeast, bacteria, and / or mold present in the fermentation supernatant disclosed herein. All of the above methods are processes known to those skilled in the art as they are routinely used in food preparation and / or sterilization techniques.

[0057] The treated fermentation microbial supernatant can then be stored in liquid form for subsequent use. Alternatively, the treated fermentation microbial supernatant can be processed to produce a dried treated fermentation microbial supernatant, for example, by methods known in the art, to produce a dry powder. The dry powder form can also be stored for subsequent use. Commercially available dried treated fermentation microbial supernatants are produced, including, but not limited to, TASTONE® 154, TASTONE® 210, or TASTONE® 900.

[0058] Any amount of the treated fermentation microbial supernatant disclosed herein can be used in the disclosed compositions, provided that the amount is useful for carrying out the methods and uses disclosed herein. Factors used to determine the appropriate amount include, for example, whether the treated fermentation microbial supernatant is in liquid or powder form, the particular commercial source of the treated fermentation microbial supernatant, the particular method used to produce the treated fermentation microbial supernatant, whether the composition is produced as a concentrate or as a ready-to-use product, and the dilution factor desired when preparing the composition from a concentrate. Typically, a liquid form of the treated fermentation microbial supernatant is required in larger quantities compared to a dry powder form.

[0059] Any amount of dried processed fermentation microbial supernatant disclosed herein may be used in the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein, provided that the amount is useful for practicing the methods and uses disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise about 5% to about 15% by weight of dried processed fermentation microbial supernatant. In aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions comprise dried processed fermentation yeast supernatant in an amount of, for example, about 5.0%, about 6.0%, about 7.0%, about 7.5%, about 8.0%, about 9.0%, about 10.0%, about 11.0%, about 12.0%, about 13.0%, about 14.0%, or about 15.0% by weight. In other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered composition comprises dried treated fermentation yeast supernatant in an amount of, for example, at least 5.0%, at least 6.0%, at least 7.0%, at least 7.5%, at least 8.0%, at least 9.0%, at least 10.0%, at least 11.0%, at least 12.0%, at least 13.0%, at least 14% or at least 15.0% by weight. In still other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered composition comprises dried treated fermentation yeast supernatant in an amount of, for example, up to 5.0%, up to 6.0%, up to 7.0%, up to 8%, up to 9.0%, up to 10.0% or up to 11.0%, up to 12.0%, up to 13.0%, up to 14% or up to 15% by weight. In still other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered composition comprises dried treated fermentation yeast supernatant in an amount, for example, of about 5.0% to about 15.0% by weight, about 6.0% to about 14.0% by weight, about 7.0% to about 13.0% by weight, about 8.0% to about 12.0% by weight, about 8.5% to about 11.0% by weight, about 9.0% to about 10.0% by weight, about 9.1% to about 9.7% by weight, or about 9.2% to about 9.5% by weight, or about 9.2% by weight.

[0060] In still other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered composition comprises a dried treated fermentation yeast supernatant in an amount of, for example, about 5.0% to about 6.0% by weight, about 5.0% to about 7.0% by weight, about 5.0% to about 8.0% by weight, about 5.0% to about 9.0% by weight, about 5.0% to about 10.0% by weight, about 5.0% to about 11.0% by weight, about 5.0% to about 12.0% by weight, about 5.0% to about 13.0% by weight, about 5.0% to about 14.0% by weight, about 5.0% to about 15.0% by weight, about 6.0% to about 7.0% by weight, about 6 ...6.0% to about 8.0% by weight, about 6.0% to about 9.0% by weight, about 5.0% to about 10.0% by weight, about 5.0% to about 11.0% by weight, about 5.0% to about 12.0% by weight, about 5.0% to about 13.0% by weight, about 5.0% to about 14.0% by weight, about 5.0% to about 15.0% by .0% by weight to about 8.0% by weight, about 6.0% to about 9.0% by weight, about 6.0% to about 10.0% by weight, about 6.0% to about 11.0% by weight, about 6.0% to about 12.0% by weight, about 6.0% to about 13.0% by weight, about 6.0% to about 14.0% by weight, Approximately 6.0% to approximately 15.0% by weight, approximately 7.0% to approximately 8.0% by weight, approximately 7.0% to approximately 9.0% by weight, approximately 7.0% to approximately 10.0% by weight, approximately 7.0% to approximately 11.0% by weight, approximately 7.0% to approximately 12.0% by weight, approximately 7.0% to approximately 13.0% by weight %, about 7.0% to about 14.0%, about 7.0% to about 15.0%, about 8.0% to about 9.0%, about 8.0% to about 10.0%, about 8.0% to about 11.0%, 8.0% to about 12.0%, about 8.0% to about 13. 0 weight%, about 8.0 weight% to about 14.0 weight%, about 8.0 weight% to about 15.0 weight%, about 9.0 weight% to about 10.0 weight%, about 9.0 weight% to about 11.0 weight%, 9.0 weight% to about 12.0 weight%, about 9.0 weight% to about 13.0 weight%, about 9.0 weight% to about 14.0% by weight, about 9.0% by weight to about 15.0% by weight, about 10.0% by weight to about 11.0% by weight, about 11.0% by weight to about 12.0% by weight, about 11.0% by weight to about 13.0% by weight, about 11.0% by weight to about 14.0% by weight, about 11.0% by weight to about 15.0% by weight, about 12.0% by weight to about 13.0% by weight, about 12.0% by weight to about 14.0% by weight, about 12.0% by weight to about 15.0% by weight, about 13.0% by weight to about 14.0% by weight, about 13.0% by weight to about 15.0% by weight, or about 14.0% to about 15.0% by weight.

[0061] Some embodiments of the present specification disclose surfactants. A surfactant is a compound that reduces the surface tension of a liquid, making it easier to spread, and reduces the interfacial tension between two liquids or between a liquid and a solid. A single surfactant may be mixed with the composition disclosed herein, or multiple surfactants may be mixed with the composition disclosed herein. Useful surfactants include, but are not limited to, ionic surfactants, zwitterionic (amphoteric) surfactants, nonionic surfactants, or any combination thereof.

[0062] Ionic surfactants include anionic surfactants. Anionic surfactants include those based on permanent functional groups attached to the head group, such as sulfates, sulfonates, phosphates, carboxylates, or pH-dependent anionic surfactants. Anionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, alkane sulfonates such as sodium caprylyl sulfonate (BIO-TERGE® PAS-85), alkyl sulfates such as ammonium lauryl sulfate and sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS), alkyl ether sulfates such as sodium laureth sulfate and sodium myreth sulfate, docusates such as dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, sulfone fluorosurfactants such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorobutane sulfonate, DOWFAX® 2A1 (disodium lauryl phenyl ether disulfonate), DOWFAX® 3 B 2 (disodium decyl phenyl ether disulfonate), DOWFAX® C 10. alkyl diphenyl oxide disulfonic acids such as DOWFAX™ L (disodium decyl phenyl ether disulfonate), DOWFAX™ 2EP and DOWFAX™ 8390 (disodium cetyl phenyl ether disulfonate); potassium phosphate polyetheresters such as TRITON™ H-55 and TRITON™ H-66; alkyl benzene sulfonic acids; alkyl aryl ether phosphates; alkyl ether phosphates; alkyl carboxylic acids such as fatty acid salts and sodium stearate; sodium lauroyl sarcosinate; carboxylic acid fluorosurfactants such as perfluorononanoic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid; and sodium hexyl diphenyl ether sulfonate (DOWFAX™ C6L).

[0063] Ionic surfactants also include cationic surfactants.Cationic surfactants include those based on permanent cationic surfactants or pH-dependent cationic surfactants, such as primary, secondary, or tertiary amines.Cationic surfactants include, but are not limited to, alkyltrimethylammonium salts such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC); cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC); polyethoxylated tallow amine (POEA); benzalkonium chloride (BAC); benzethonium chloride (BZT); 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride; dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB), and surfactants with pH-dependent primary, secondary, or tertiary amines, such as octenidine dihydrochloride, where the primary amine is positively charged at a pH greater than 10, or the secondary amine is positively charged at a pH less than 4. Other useful anionic surfactants include bio-based anionic surfactants, including, but not limited to, STEPONOL® AM 30-KE, which is ammonium lauryl sulfate, and STEPONOL® EHS, which is sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate. Such bio-based surfactants are anionic biosurfactants that are not synthetic molecules but are instead derived from organic matter such as plants.

[0064] Zwitterionic surfactants are based on primary, secondary, or tertiary amines or quaternary ammonium cations with sulfonate, carboxylate, or phosphate groups. Zwitterionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS); sultaines such as cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine; betaines such as cocamidopropyl betaine; or lecithin.

[0065] Nonionic surfactants are less denaturing and are therefore useful for solubilizing membrane proteins and lipids while preserving protein-protein interactions. Nonionic surfactants include polyether nonionic surfactants, polyhydroxyl nonionic surfactants, and biosurfactants. Nonionic surfactants include alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates, phenol ethoxylates, amide ethoxylates, glyceride ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, fatty amine ethoxylates, and alkenamides. The nonionic surfactants disclosed herein are selected from the group consisting of H(OCH2CH2) x OC6H4R 1 , H(OCH2CH2) x OR 2 , or H(OCH2CH2) x OC(O)R 2 where x represents the number of moles of ethylene oxide adducted to the alkylphenol and / or fatty alcohol or fatty acid; R 1 represents a long-chain alkyl group, and R 2 represents a long chain aliphatic group. In an aspect of this embodiment, R 1 is C7-C 10 is an alkyl group, and / or R 2 is C 12 -C 20 It is an aliphatic group.

[0066] Non-limiting examples of non-ionic surfactants include, for example, polysorbate 20 sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN® 20), polysorbate 40 sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN® 40), polysorbate 60 sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN® 60), polysorbate 61 sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN® 61), polysorbate 65 sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN® 65), polysorbate 80 sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN® 80), polysorbate 81 sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN® 81), and polysorbate 85 sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN® 85). polyoxyethylene glycol sorbitan alkyl esters (or ethoxylated sorbitan esters) such as sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN® 85); sorbital esters such as sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, and sorbitan tristearate; polyglycerol esters such as glycerol monooleate, glycerol monolaurate, glycerol monopalmitate, glycerol monostearate, glycerol trioleate, glycerol ricinoleate, glycerol tristearate, monodiglycerides, and glycerol triacetate; arachidyl glucoside, C 12-20Alkyl glucosides such as alkyl glucoside, caprylyl / capryl glucoside, cetearyl glucoside, coco glucoside, ethyl glucoside, lauryl glucoside, and decyl glucoside; ethoxylated alkyl glucosides; sucrose esters such as sucrose monooleate, sucrose monolaurate, sucrose monopalmitate, sucrose monostearate, sucrose trioleate, sucrose ricinoleate, sucrose tristearate, sucrose diglyceride, and sucrose triacetate; ethoxylated sucrose esters; amine oxides; ethoxylated alcohols; ethoxylated fatty alcohols; alkylamines; ethoxylated alkylamines; ethoxylated alkylphenols such as ethoxylated nonylphenol and ethoxylated octylphenol; alkyl polysaccharides; ethoxylated alkyl polysaccharides; ethoxylated fatty acids such as ethoxylated castor oil; ethoxylated fatty alcohols such as ethoxylated ceto-oleyl alcohol, ethoxylated ceto-stearyl alcohol, ethoxylated decyl alcohol, ethoxylated dodecyl alcohol, and ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol. alcohols; ethoxylated fatty amines; poloxamer 124 (PLURONIC® L44), poloxamer 181 (PLURONIC® L61), poloxamer 182 (PLURONIC® L62), poloxamer 184 (PLURONIC® L64), poloxamer 188 (PLURONIC® F68), poloxamer 237 (PLURONIC® F87), poloxamer 338 (PLURONIC® L108), and poloxamer 407 (PLURONIC® L49). Poloxamers (polyethylene-polypropylene copolymers) such as TERGITOL® F127; linear secondary alcohol ethoxylates such as TERGITOL® 15-S-5, TERGITOL® 15-S-7, TERGITOL® 15-S-9, TERGITOL® 15-S-12, TERGITOL® 15-S-15, TERGITOL® 15-S-20, TERGITOL® 15-S-30, and TERGITOL® 15-S-40; C alkyl esters such as STEPOSOL® MET-10U; 2-20Alkene disubstituted amides; alkylphenol polyglycol ethers; polyethylene glycol alkylaryl ethers; polyoxyethylene glycol alkyl ethers such as octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether, pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether, BRIJ® 30, and BRIJ® 35; 2-dodecoxyethanol (LUBROL®-PX); polyoxyethylene glycol octylphenol ethers such as polyoxyethylene (4-5) pt-octylphenol (TRITON® X-45) and polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether (TRITON® X-100); polyoxyethylene glycol alkylphenol ethers such as nonoxynol-9; nonylphenoxypoly phenoxypolyethoxyethanols such as ethoxyethanol and octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol (IGEPAL® CA-630 or NONIDET® P-40); glucoside alkyl ethers such as octyl glucopyranoside; maltoside alkyl ethers such as dodecyl maltopyranoside; thioglucoside alkyl ethers such as heptyl thioglucopyranoside; digitonin; glycerol alkyl esters such as glyceryl laurate; alkylaryl polyether sulfates; alcohol sulfonates; sorbitan alkyl esters; cocamide ethanolamines such as cocamide monoethanolamine and cocamide diethanolamine; sucrose monolaurate; dodecyl dimethylamine oxide, and sodium cholate.Other non-limiting examples of surfactants useful in the compositions, methods, and uses disclosed herein are described, for example, in Winslow et al., Methods and Compositions for Simultaneously Isolating Hemoglobin from Red Blood Cells and Inactivating Viruses, US 2008 / 0138790; Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems (Howard C. Ansel et al., eds., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers, 7; th ed.1999);Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy(Alfonso R. Gennaro ed., Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 20 th ed.2000); Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (Joel G. Hardman et al., eds., McGraw-Hill Professional, 10 th ed. 2001); and Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (Raymond C. Rowe et al., APhA Publications, 4 th edition 2003), each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0067] Other useful nonionic surfactants include nonionic biosurfactants. These biosurfactants are not synthetic molecules, but instead are derived from organic sources such as plants. Exemplary nonionic biosurfactants include saponins. Saponins are found throughout the plant kingdom and are a diverse group of amphiphilic glycosides containing one or more hydrophilic glycoside moieties combined with a lipophilic triterpene (triterpenoid saponin) or steroid aglycone (steroid saponin or steroid glycoside) backbone, called sapogenin. Triterpenoid saponins include, but are not limited to, tetracyclic triterpenoid saponins and pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins. Non-limiting examples of tetracyclic triterpenoid saponins include cucurbitane, cycloartane, cycloartenol, dammarane, euphane, lanostane, and tirucallane. Non-limiting examples of pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins include enoxolone, hederagenin, hopane, lupane, maslinic acid, oleanane, ursane, and taraxasterane. Non-limiting examples of steroidal saponins include diosgenin, eleutherosides, ginsenosides, sarsasapogenin, and yamogenin.Soapbark tree (Quillaja saponaria), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), licorice (Glycyrrhiza species, such as Glycyrrhiza glabra), soapwort (Saponaria officinaux), Mojave yucca (Yucca schidigera), gypsophila Gypsophila paniculata (Gypsophila paniculata), Sarsaparilla (Smilax regelii and other related species of the genus Smilax), and Panax ginseng (Panax) are major plant sources of saponins used in health and industrial applications. Further examples of saponins are described in Guclu-Ustundag and Mazza, Saponins: Properties, Applications and Processing. 2007 Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 47(3):231-58 (2007); Kregiel et al., Saponin-Based, Biologically-Active Surfactants from Plants, In Application and Characterization of Surfactants, pp. 183-205 (InTech, 2017), each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0068] Saponins useful in the disclosed dry powdered compositions include, but are not limited to, Yucca SD Powder (Desert King International, San Diego, CA, USA), a Yucca schidigera saponin extract; Yucca Ag-Aide Powder (Desert King International, San Diego, CA, USA), a Yucca schidigera saponin extract; Quillaja Extract Powder (Garuda International Inc, Exeter, CA, USA), a Quillaja saponaria saponin extract; Quillaja Powder QP 100% (Desert King International, San Diego, CA, USA), a Quillaja saponaria saponin extract; and Quillaja Dry 100 NP (Desert King International, San Diego, CA, USA), a Quillaja saponaria saponin extract. Commercially produced extracts of Quillaja saponaria are available, including QL Agri 100% (Desert King International, San Diego, CA, USA) and Quillaja saponaria saponin extract (Desert King International, San Diego, CA, USA).

[0069] The nonionic surfactants act synergistically to enhance the activity of the treated fermented microbial supernatant. Furthermore, the nonionic surfactants used in the compositions disclosed herein have been confirmed to be compatible with chemical reaction enhancement. In some embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise one or more dry nonionic surfactants. In aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise, for example, two or more dry nonionic surfactants, three or more dry nonionic surfactants, four or more dry nonionic surfactants, or five or more dry nonionic surfactants. In other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise, for example, two dry nonionic surfactants, three dry nonionic surfactants, four dry nonionic surfactants, or five dry nonionic surfactants.

[0070] In some embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise one or more dry non-ionic biosurfactants. In aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise, for example, two or more dry non-ionic biosurfactants, three or more dry non-ionic biosurfactants, four or more dry non-ionic biosurfactants, or five or more dry non-ionic biosurfactants. In other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise, for example, two dry non-ionic biosurfactants, three dry non-ionic biosurfactants, four dry non-ionic biosurfactants, or five dry non-ionic biosurfactants.

[0071] In some embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise one or more dry non-ionic saponins. In aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise, for example, two or more dry non-ionic saponins, three or more dry non-ionic saponins, four or more dry non-ionic saponins, or five or more dry non-ionic saponins. In other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise, for example, two dry non-ionic saponins, three dry non-ionic saponins, four dry non-ionic saponins, or five dry non-ionic saponins.

[0072] In embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein contain one or more nonionic surfactants but no ionic surfactants or zwitterionic (amphoteric) surfactants. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain one or more nonionic surfactants and one or more anionic surfactants. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain any cationic surfactants. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain any cationic surfactants or zwitterionic surfactants. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain any ionic surfactants. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain any ionic surfactants or zwitterionic surfactants.

[0073] Any amount of the dry nonionic surfactants disclosed herein may be used in the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein, provided that the amount is useful for practicing the methods and uses disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise, for example, about 75% to about 95% by weight of one or more dry nonionic surfactants. In aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions comprise, for example, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, or about 95% by weight of one or more dry nonionic surfactants. In other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions comprise, for example, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90%, or up to 95% by weight of one or more dry nonionic surfactants. In still other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions comprise, for example, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% by weight of one or more dry nonionic surfactants. In still other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered composition includes one or more dry nonionic surfactants in an amount, e.g., about 80% to about 90%, about 85% to about 90%, about 87% to about 90%, about 89% to about 90%, or about 89% to about 89.9% by weight. In other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered composition includes one or more dry nonionic surfactants in an amount, e.g., about 75% to about 80%, about 75% to about 85%, about 75% to about 90%, about 75% to about 95%, about 80% to about 85%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, about 85% to about 90%, about 85% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95% by weight.

[0074] In some embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise, for example, about 75% to about 95% by weight of one or more dry non-ionic biosurfactants. In aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions comprise, for example, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, or about 95% by weight of one or more dry non-ionic biosurfactants. In other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions comprise, for example, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90%, or up to 95% by weight of one or more dry non-ionic biosurfactants. In still other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions comprise, for example, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% by weight of one or more dry non-ionic biosurfactants. In still other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered composition includes one or more dry non-ionic biosurfactants in an amount, e.g., about 80% to about 90%, about 85% to about 90%, about 87% to about 90%, about 89% to about 90%, or about 89% to about 89.9% by weight. In other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered composition includes one or more dry non-ionic biosurfactants in an amount, e.g., about 75% to about 80%, about 75% to about 85%, about 75% to about 90%, about 75% to about 95%, about 80% to about 85%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, about 85% to about 90%, about 85% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95% by weight.

[0075] In some embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise, for example, about 75% to about 95% by weight of one or more dry non-ionic saponins. In various aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions comprise, for example, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, or about 95% by weight of one or more dry non-ionic saponins. In other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions comprise, for example, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90%, or up to 95% by weight of one or more dry non-ionic saponins. In still other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions comprise, for example, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% by weight of one or more dry non-ionic saponins. In still other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered composition comprises one or more dry non-ionic saponins in an amount, e.g., about 80% to about 90%, about 85% to about 90%, about 87% to about 90%, about 89% to about 90%, or about 89% to about 89.9% by weight. In other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered composition comprises one or more dry non-ionic saponins in an amount, e.g., about 75% to about 80%, about 75% to about 85%, about 75% to about 90%, about 75% to about 95%, about 80% to about 85%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, about 85% to about 90%, about 85% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95% by weight. In other aspects of these embodiments, the one or more saponins comprise one or more triterpenoid saponins, one or more steroidal saponins, or a combination thereof.

[0076] In some embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise a first dry nonionic biosurfactant and a second dry nonionic biosurfactant. In some aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise the first dry nonionic biosurfactant in an amount of, for example, about 5.0% to about 6.0% by weight, about 5.0% to about 7.0% by weight, about 5.0% to about 8.0% by weight, about 5.0% to about 9.0% by weight, about 5.0% to about 10.0% by weight, about 5.0% to about 11.0% by weight, about 5.0% to about 12.0% by weight, about 5.0% to about 13.0% by weight, about 5.0% to about 14.0% by weight, or about 5.0% to about 15.0% by weight. In other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein include a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant in an amount, e.g., about 70% to about 75% by weight, about 70% to about 80% by weight, about 70% to about 85% by weight, about 70% to about 90% by weight, about 75% to about 80% by weight, about 75% to about 85% by weight, about 75% to about 90% by weight, about 80% to about 85% by weight, or about 80% to about 90% by weight.

[0077] In some aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise about 5% to about 15% of a first dry nonionic biosurfactant and about 70% to about 90% of a second dry nonionic biosurfactant. In other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise about 5% to about 15% of a first dry nonionic biosurfactant and about 75% to about 85% of a second dry nonionic biosurfactant. In still other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise about 6% to about 12% of a first dry nonionic biosurfactant and about 73% to about 89% of a second dry nonionic biosurfactant. In yet other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise about 6% to about 12% of a first dry nonionic biosurfactant and about 78% to about 84% of a second dry nonionic biosurfactant.

[0078] In aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise about 7% to about 11% of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant and about 74% to about 88% of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant. In other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise about 7% to about 11% of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant and about 79% to about 83% of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant. In still other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise about 8% to about 10% of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant and about 75% to about 87% of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant. In yet other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise about 8% to about 10% of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant and about 80% to about 82% of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant. In still other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise about 9% of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant and about 81% of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant.

[0079] In other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant and a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant in a ratio of about 1:3 to about 1:20 relative to each other. In still other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise a ratio of about 1 part first dry non-ionic biosurfactant to about 18 parts second dry non-ionic biosurfactant, about 1 part first dry non-ionic biosurfactant to about 17 parts second dry non-ionic biosurfactant, about 1 part first dry non-ionic biosurfactant to about 16 parts second dry non-ionic biosurfactant, about 15 parts second dry non-ionic biosurfactant to about 18 parts second dry non-ionic biosurfactant. about 1 part first dry nonionic biosurfactant to about 14 parts second dry nonionic biosurfactant; about 1 part first dry nonionic biosurfactant to about 13 parts second dry nonionic biosurfactant; about 1 part first dry nonionic biosurfactant to about 12 parts second dry nonionic biosurfactant; about 11 parts second dry nonionic biosurfactant. about 1 part of the first dry nonionic biosurfactant to about 10 parts of the second dry nonionic biosurfactant; about 1 part of the first dry nonionic biosurfactant to about 9 parts of the second dry nonionic biosurfactant; about 1 part of the first dry nonionic biosurfactant to about 8 parts of the second dry nonionic biosurfactant; about 7 parts of the second dry nonionic biosurfactant; The ratio comprises about 1 part of the first dry nonionic biosurfactant to about 1 part of the second dry nonionic biosurfactant, about 1 part of the first dry nonionic biosurfactant to about 6 parts of the second dry nonionic biosurfactant, about 1 part of the first dry nonionic biosurfactant to about 5 parts of the second dry nonionic biosurfactant, or about 1 part of the first dry nonionic biosurfactant to about 4 parts of the second dry nonionic biosurfactant.

[0080] In some embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise a first dry nonionic saponin and a second dry nonionic saponin. In some aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise the first dry nonionic saponin in an amount, e.g., from about 5.0% to about 6.0% by weight, from about 5.0% to about 7.0% by weight, from about 5.0% to about 8.0% by weight, from about 5.0% to about 9.0% by weight, from about 5.0% to about 10.0% by weight, from about 5.0% to about 11.0% by weight, from about 5.0% to about 12.0% by weight, from about 5.0% to about 13.0% by weight, from about 5.0% to about 14.0% by weight, or from about 5.0% to about 15.0% by weight. In other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise a second dry nonionic saponin in an amount, e.g., about 70% to about 75% by weight, about 70% to about 80% by weight, about 70% to about 85% by weight, about 70% to about 90% by weight, about 75% to about 80% by weight, about 75% to about 85% by weight, about 75% to about 90% by weight, about 80% to about 85% by weight, or about 80% to about 90% by weight. In other aspects of these embodiments, the first and second dry saponins comprise one or more triterpenoid saponins, one or more steroidal saponins, or a combination thereof.

[0081] In aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise about 5% to about 15% of a first dry non-ionic saponin and about 70% to about 90% of a second dry non-ionic saponin. In other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise about 5% to about 15% of a first dry non-ionic saponin and about 75% to about 85% of a second dry non-ionic saponin. In still other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise about 6% to about 12% of a first dry non-ionic saponin and about 73% to about 89% of a second dry non-ionic saponin. In yet other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise about 6% to about 12% of a first dry non-ionic saponin and about 78% to about 84% of a second dry non-ionic saponin.

[0082] In aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise about 7% to about 11% of the first dry non-ionic saponin and about 74% to about 88% of the second dry non-ionic saponin. In other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise about 7% to about 11% of the first dry non-ionic saponin and about 79% to about 83% of the second dry non-ionic saponin. In still other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise about 8% to about 10% of the first dry non-ionic saponin and about 75% to about 87% of the second dry non-ionic saponin. In yet other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise about 8% to about 10% of the first dry non-ionic saponin and about 80% to about 82% of the second dry non-ionic saponin. In still other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise about 9% of a first dry non-ionic saponin and about 81% of a second dry non-ionic saponin. In other aspects of these embodiments, the first dry and second dry saponins comprise one or more triterpenoid saponins, one or more steroidal saponins, or a combination thereof.

[0083] In other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein comprise a first dry non-ionic saponin and a second dry non-ionic saponin in a ratio of about 1:1 to about 1:20 relative to each other. In other aspects of these embodiments, the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein may comprise a ratio of about 1 part first dry non-ionic saponin to about 18 parts second dry non-ionic saponin, about 1 part first dry non-ionic saponin to about 17 parts second dry non-ionic saponin, about 1 part first dry non-ionic saponin to about 16 parts second dry non-ionic saponin, about 1 part first dry non-ionic saponin to about 15 parts second dry non-ionic saponin, about 1 part first dry non-ionic saponin to about 14 parts second dry non-ionic saponin, about 1 part first dry non-ionic saponin to a ratio of about 13 parts second dry non-ionic saponin, about 1 part first dry non-ionic saponin to a ratio of about 12 parts second dry non-ionic saponin, about 1 part The ratio comprises about 1 part first dry nonionic saponin to 1 part second dry nonionic saponin, about 10 parts second dry nonionic saponin to about 1 part first dry nonionic saponin, about 9 parts second dry nonionic saponin to about 1 part first dry nonionic saponin, about 8 parts second dry nonionic saponin to about 7 parts second dry nonionic saponin, about 1 part first dry nonionic saponin to about 6 parts second dry nonionic saponin, or about 5 parts second dry nonionic saponin to about 1 part first dry nonionic saponin, or about 4 parts second dry nonionic saponin to about 1 part first dry nonionic saponin. In other aspects of these embodiments, the first dry and second dry saponins comprise one or more triterpenoid saponins, one or more steroidal saponins, or a combination thereof.

[0084] Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, kits comprising one or more components useful for carrying out the methods or uses disclosed herein. The kits provide convenient packaging of components useful for carrying out the methods or uses disclosed herein to facilitate or enhance commercial distribution. For example, the kits may include a dry powdered composition disclosed herein and one or more other reagents useful for carrying out the methods or uses disclosed herein, such as one or more diluents, one or more thickening agents, one or more dispersing agents, one or more binders, one or more foaming agents, one or more stabilizers, one or more film-forming agents, and / or one or more preservatives.

[0085] A kit typically provides a suitable container, such as a box or other enclosed carrier, containing one or more components useful for carrying out the methods or uses disclosed herein. Additionally, a kit disclosed herein typically includes individual containers, such as bottles, vials, flasks, or enclosed carriers, containing one or more components. For example, a container for the dry powdered composition disclosed herein and separate containers for one or more solvents and / or one or more diluents, one or more thickeners, one or more dispersants, one or more binders, one or more foaming agents, one or more stabilizers, one or more film-forming agents, and / or one or more preservatives disclosed herein. The kit can be portable and can be transported and used, for example, in a residential, commercial, or industrial building, a field or farm, or a remote location.

[0086] The kits disclosed herein can include a delivery or application system. The delivery or application system of the kit is useful for applying the dry powdered or liquid compositions disclosed herein to a desired site. The delivery or application systems disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, a mixing container, a granular dispenser, a liquid dispenser, a pellet dispenser, a storage container, or a combination thereof. The kit can include one or more delivery or application systems, such as two or more, three or more, four or more, or five or more delivery or application systems. Within the kit, the delivery or application systems can be packaged individually or in sets of two or more. The delivery or application systems can be packaged to maintain sterility until use. In some embodiments, the delivery or application systems disclosed herein can be packaged in a plastic sheath. Furthermore, to prevent contamination, the delivery or application systems disclosed herein are preferably single-use, disposable delivery or application systems.

[0087] The kit can also include a set of instructions. The instructions include information useful for an end user to practice any of the disclosed methods or uses using any of the disclosed dry powder or liquid compositions. For example, the instructions can include information on how to mix the dry powder composition disclosed herein with a solvent disclosed herein to form the liquid composition disclosed herein, as well as optional dilution instructions. Furthermore, the instructions can provide information on how to use a delivery or application system to administer the dry powder or liquid composition disclosed herein. Such instructions can also include information on dosage, administration frequency, application period, and timing criteria, such as indicating that mixing should occur some time before application, e.g., immediately before use. The instructions can include information on how to apply the dry powder or liquid composition disclosed herein directly to a site of interest and the order in which the individual components should be administered to such site of interest. The instructions can include information on how to store the dry powder, dry powder, liquid composition, and / or kit disclosed herein. The instructions can include warnings about potential hazards or situations in which the use of the kit components is not appropriate. The instructions can include information about the individual components, as well as information identifying the manufacturer, lot number, manufacturer's location, and date. The instructions can include information about storage conditions for the kits disclosed herein. The instructions can be "printed" or on a computer-readable medium, such as a disk (e.g., hard disk, flash memory), optical disk such as a CD or DVD-ROM / RAM, DVD, electronic storage medium such as MP3, magnetic tape, RAM and ROM, or hybrids thereof, such as magnetic / optical storage medium, flash media, or memory-type cards.

[0088] Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, a method for controlling plant disease pathogens. The disclosed method for controlling plant disease pathogens includes dissolving a dry powdered composition disclosed herein with a solvent to form a liquid composition, and applying an effective amount of the liquid composition disclosed herein to one or more plants infested with a pathogen and / or applying an effective amount of the liquid composition disclosed herein to one or more locations where the pathogen is exposed to the liquid composition. Another method for controlling plant disease pathogens includes adding a dry powdered composition disclosed herein directly to one or more plants and / or one or more locations, such that the dry powdered composition is subsequently dissolved in a liquid present on or in one or more plants or one or more locations to form the liquid composition disclosed herein, whereupon the pathogen is exposed to the liquid composition. Such application results in, for example, a detrimental effect on the pathogen of the plant disease whose control is sought.

[0089] Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, the use of the dry powdered composition disclosed herein. A disclosed use of the dry powdered composition disclosed herein can be dissolving the dry powdered composition in a solvent to form a liquid composition, and then applying an effective amount of the liquid composition disclosed herein to one or more plants, and / or applying an effective amount of the liquid composition disclosed herein to one or more locations where pathogens are exposed to the liquid composition. Another disclosed use of the dry powdered composition disclosed herein can be directly adding the dry powdered composition to one or more plants and / or one or more locations, and then dissolving the dry powdered composition in a liquid present on one or more plants or one or more locations to form the liquid composition disclosed herein, where pathogens are exposed to the liquid composition. Such application can, for example, result in a detrimental effect on the pathogen of the plant disease whose control is sought.

[0090] Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, methods for increasing plant growth and / or crop production. The disclosed methods for increasing plant growth and / or crop production include dissolving a dry powdered composition disclosed herein to form a liquid composition, applying an effective amount of the liquid composition disclosed herein to one or more plants, and / or applying an effective amount of the liquid composition disclosed herein to one or more locations, such that the one or more plants are exposed to the liquid composition. Another method for increasing plant growth and / or crop production includes adding a dry powdered composition disclosed herein directly to one or more plants and / or one or more locations, and then dissolving the dry powdered composition in a liquid present in the one or more plants or one or more locations to form a liquid composition disclosed herein, such that the one or more plants are exposed to the liquid composition. Such application results in, for example, improved absorption by root hairs, improved xylem sap flow through the xylem and improved photosynthate flow in the phloem, increased uptake of water, minerals, and other nutrients from the soil, increased capillary action and / or hydrostatic pressure in the xylem, and / or increased synthesis of compounds and energy, and / or disruption of one or more components that block xylem sap flow and / or photosynthate flow.

[0091] Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, the use of the dry powdered composition disclosed herein. A disclosed use of the dry powdered composition disclosed herein can be dissolving the dry powdered composition in a solvent to form a liquid composition, and then applying an effective amount of the liquid composition disclosed herein to one or more plants, and / or applying an effective amount of the liquid composition disclosed herein to one or more locations where the liquid composition will be exposed to one or more plants. Another disclosed use of the dry powdered composition disclosed herein can be adding the dry powdered composition directly to one or more plants and / or one or more locations, and exposing one or more plants to the liquid composition, so that the dry powdered composition subsequently dissolves in the liquid present on or in the surface of one or more plants or one or more locations to form the liquid composition disclosed herein. Such application results in, for example, improved absorption by root hairs, improved xylem sap flow through the xylem and improved photosynthate flow in the phloem, increased uptake of water, minerals, and other nutrients from the soil, increased capillary action and / or hydrostatic pressure in the xylem, and / or increased synthesis of compounds and energy, and / or disruption of one or more components that block xylem sap flow and / or photosynthate flow. In one embodiment, the one or more components that block xylem sap flow and / or photosynthate flow include a biofilm.

[0092] Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, a method for maintaining or improving the efficiency of an irrigation system. The disclosed method for maintaining or improving the efficiency of an irrigation system includes dissolving a dry powdered composition disclosed herein with a solvent to form a liquid composition and applying an effective amount of the liquid composition disclosed herein to one or more pipes in the irrigation system's pipeline network. Another disclosed method for maintaining or improving the efficiency of an irrigation system includes applying a dry powdered composition disclosed herein directly to one or more pipes in the irrigation system's pipeline network, where the dry powdered composition is dissolved in liquid flowing through the one or more pipes to form the liquid composition disclosed herein. Such application results in the appropriate removal of one or more components blocking one or more of the irrigation system's pipeline network. In one embodiment, the one or more components blocking one or more of the irrigation system's pipeline network include biofilm.

[0093] Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, uses of the dry powdered composition disclosed herein. A disclosed use of the dry powdered composition disclosed herein can be dissolving the dry powdered composition in a solvent to form a liquid composition, and then applying an effective amount of the liquid composition to one or more pipes in a pipeline network of an irrigation system. Another disclosed use of the dry powdered composition disclosed herein can be directly adding the dry powdered composition to one or more pipes in a pipeline network of an irrigation system, where the dry powdered composition is dissolved in a liquid flowing through the one or more pipes to form the liquid composition disclosed herein. Such application results in the appropriate removal of one or more components blocking one or more pipeline networks of the irrigation system. In one embodiment, the one or more components blocking one or more pipeline networks include biofilms.

[0094] Aspects of the present disclosure disclose, in part, dissolving a dry powdered composition disclosed herein with a solvent to provide a liquid composition. A solvent is a liquid substance capable of dissolving another substance, for example, a dry powdered composition disclosed herein can be dissolved using a solvent to form a liquid composition disclosed herein. The solvent disclosed herein can be water or a single-phase aqueous solution, or a two-phase or multi-phase aqueous colloidal mixture, including an aerosol, emulsion, gel, foam, or sol. In some embodiments, the solvent can have other properties, such as dilution, dispersion, and / or film-forming properties. In some embodiments, the solvent can be combined with other components, such as another solvent, a diluent, a thickener, a dispersant, a binder, a foaming agent, a stabilizer, a film-forming agent, or a preservative.

[0095] The amount of solvent added to the dry powdered composition disclosed herein is sufficient to produce the liquid composition disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the ratio of dry powdered composition to solvent added to form the liquid composition disclosed herein is 1:1 to 1:500. In aspects of this embodiment, the ratio of dry powdered composition to solvent added to form the liquid composition disclosed herein is, for example, about 1:10, about 1:20, about 1:25, about 1:30, about 1:40, about 1:50, about 1:60, about 1:70, about 1:75, about 1:80, about 1:190, or about 1:100. In other aspects of this embodiment, the ratio of dry powdered composition to solvent added to form a liquid composition disclosed herein is, e.g., at least 1:10, at least 1:20, at least 1:25, at least 1:30, at least 1:40, at least 1:50, at least 1:60, at least 1:70, at least 1:75, at least 1:80, at least 1:190, or at least 1:100. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the ratio of dry powdered composition to solvent added to form a liquid composition disclosed herein is, e.g., at most 1:10, at most 1:20, at most 1:25, at most 1:30, at most 1:40, at most 1:50, at most 1:60, at most 1:70, at most 1:75, at most 1:80, at most 1:190, or at most 1:100.In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the ratio of dry powdered composition to solvent added to form the liquid composition disclosed herein can be, for example, about 1:10 to about 1:20, about 1:10 to about 1:30, about 1:10 to about 1:40, about 1:10 to about 1:50, about 1:10 to about 1:60, about 1:10 to about 1:70, about 1:10 to about 1:80, about 1:10 to about 1:90, about 1:10 to about 1:10 ~ about 1:100, about 1:20 to about 1:30, about 1:20 to about 1:40, about 1:20 to about 1:50, about 1:20 to about 1:60, about 1:20 to about 1:70, about 1:20 to about 1:80, about 1:20 to about 1:90, about 1:20 to about 1:100, about 1:25 to about 1:35, about 1:25 to about 1:40, about 1:25 to about 1:50, about 1:30 to about 1:40, about 1:30 to about 1:5 0, about 1:30 to about 1:60, about 1:30 to about 1:70, about 1:30 to about 1:80, about 1:30 to about 1:90, about 1:30 to about 1:100, about 1:40 to about 1:50, about 1:40 to about 1:60, about 1:40 to about 1:70, about 1:40 to about 1:80, about 1:40 to about 1:90, about 1:40 to about 1:100, about 1:50 to about 1:60, about 1:50 to about 1:70, about 1: The ratio is about 1:50 to about 1:80, about 1:50 to about 1:90, about 1:50 to about 1:100, about 1:60 to about 1:70, about 1:60 to about 1:80, about 1:60 to about 1:90, about 1:60 to about 1:100, about 1:70 to about 1:80, about 1:70 to about 1:90, about 1:70 to about 1:100, about 1:80 to about 1:90, about 1:80 to about 1:100, or about 1:90 to about 1:100.

[0096] In one embodiment, the weight percentage of the dry powdered composition added to a solvent to form a liquid composition disclosed herein is 0.1% to 50%. In aspects of this embodiment, the weight percentage of the dry powdered composition added to a solvent to form a liquid composition disclosed herein is, for example, about 0.1%, about 0.25%, about 0.5%, about 0.75%, about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9% to about 10%. In other aspects of this embodiment, the weight percentage of the dry powdered composition added to a solvent to form a liquid composition disclosed herein is, for example, at least 0.1%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.5%, at least 0.75%, at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 6%, at least 7%, at least 8%, at least 9% to at least 10%. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the weight percentage of the dry powdered composition added to a solvent to form a liquid composition disclosed herein is, for example, up to 0.1%, up to 0.25%, up to 0.5%, up to 0.75%, up to 1%, up to 2%, up to 3%, up to 4%, up to 5%, up to 6%, up to 7%, up to 8%, up to 9% to up to 10%.In still other aspects of this embodiment, the weight percentage of the dry powdered composition added to a solvent to form a liquid composition disclosed herein can be, for example, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.1% to about 1%, about 0.1% to about 2%, about 0.1% to about 3%, about 0.1% to about 4%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 0.1% to about 6%, about 0.1% to about 7%, about 0.1% to about 8%, about 0.1% to about 9%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 11%, about 0.1% to about 12%, about 0.1% to about 13%, about 0.1% to about 14%, about 0.1% to about 15%, about 0.1% to about 16%, about 0.1% to about 17%, about 0.1% to about 18%, about 0.1% to about 19%, about 0.1% to about 20%, about 0.1% to about 21%, about 0.1% to about 22%, about 0.1% to about 23%, about 0.1% to about 24%, about 0.1% to about 25%, about 0.1% to about 26%, about 0.1% to about 27%, about 0.1% to about 28%, about 0.1% to about 29%, about 0.1% to about 30%, about 0.1% to about 31%, about 0.1% to about 32%, about 0.1% to about 33%, about 0.1% to about 34%, about 0.1% to about 35%, about 0.1% to about 36%, about 0.1% to about 37%, about 0.1% to about 38%, about 0.1% to about 39%, about 0.1 1% to about 9%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 0.5% to about 2%, about 0.5% to about 3%, about 0.5% to about 4%, about 0.5% to about 5%, about 0.5% to about 6%, about 0.5% to about 7%, about 0.5% to about 8%, about 0.5% to about 9%, about 0.5% to about 10%, about 1% to about 2%, about 1% to about 3%, about 1% to about 4%, about 1% to about 5%, about 1% to about 6%, about 1% to about 7%, about 1% to about 8%, about 1% to about 9%, about 1% to about 10%, about 2% to about 3%, about 2% to about 4%, about 2% to about 5%, about 2% to about 6%, about 2% to about 7%, about 2% to about 8%, about 2% to about 9%, about 2% to about 10%, about 3% to about 4%, about 3% to about 5%, about 3% to about 6%, about 3% to about 7%, about 3% to about 8%, about 3% to about 9%, about 3% to about 10%, about 4% to about 5%, about 4% to about 6 %, about 4% to about 7%, about 4% to about 8%, about 4% to about 9%, about 4% to about 10%, about 5% to about 6%, about 5% to about 7%, about 5% to about 8%, about 5% to about 9%, about 5% to about 10%, about 6% to about 7%, about 6% to about 8%, about 6% to about 9%, about 6% to about 10%, about 7% to about 8%, about 7% to about 9%, about 7% to about 10%, about 8% to about 9%, about 8% to about 10%, or about 8% to about 10%.

[0097] Once the liquid compositions disclosed herein are formed, they can be further formulated by adding one or more diluents, one or more thickeners, one or more dispersing agents, one or more binders, one or more foaming agents, one or more stabilizers, one or more film-forming agents, and / or one or more preservatives.

[0098] A diluent (also called a diluting agent, dilutant, thinner, or filler) is a substance that reduces the viscosity or density of a dry powdered composition or a liquid composition disclosed herein. The liquid compositions disclosed herein may be too viscous or dense to be effectively pumped, sprayed, or otherwise applied to a structure or area, or to flow from one location to another, in accordance with the methods or uses disclosed herein. A diluent is added to a liquid composition disclosed herein to reduce its viscosity or density. In some embodiments, a diluent is added to a liquid composition disclosed herein that is formulated as a concentrate, which requires dilution before use. In some embodiments, a diluent can comprise the characteristics of a solvent. In some embodiments, a diluent can be combined with other ingredients, such as a solvent, another diluent, a thickener, a dispersant, a binder, a foaming agent, a stabilizer, a film-forming agent, or a preservative. Non-limiting examples of diluents include water, a single-phase aqueous solution, or a two- or multi-phase aqueous colloidal mixture, etc., or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, one or more diluents, including two or more, three or more, four or more, or five or more diluents, can be added individually or together to the compositions disclosed herein in a total amount of from 1% to about 75%, from about 5% to about 60%, from about 10% to about 50%, or from about 15% to about 40% by weight of each of the one or more diluents.

[0099] A thickening agent (also called a thickener) is a substance that increases the viscosity or density of the liquid compositions disclosed herein. The liquid compositions disclosed herein may be too wet or too viscous to be effectively applied to a structure or environmental area in accordance with the methods or uses disclosed herein. A thickening agent is added to the liquid compositions disclosed herein to increase viscosity or density. In some embodiments, a diluent is added to the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein to bulk the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a diluent is added to the liquid compositions disclosed herein to formulate the paste compositions disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the thickening agent is a swellable thickener that aids in foam gel formation when the compositions disclosed herein come into contact with polar hydrophilic liquids (e.g., alcohols, ketones, etc.). In some embodiments, the thickening agent acts as a barrier to fuel vapors and liquids, preventing the collapse of the foam blanket. In some embodiments, the thickener can be combined with other ingredients, such as a solvent, a diluent, another thickener, a dispersant, a binder, a foaming agent, a stabilizer, a film-forming agent, or a preservative. Thickeners include gums and starches. Non-limiting examples of thickeners include guar gum, diutan gum, rhamna gum, welan gum, galactomannan gum, mannan gum, locust bean gum, carbomer, xanthan gum, gum arabic, pectin (pectic acid), acacia gum, insulin guar, karaya, agar, algin (alginic acid), carrageenan, furcellaran, curdlan, dextran, cerulon, pullulan, corn starch, potato starch, tapioca, rice starch, cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), methyl cellulose, cyclodextrin, polydextrose, glycogen, hyaluronic acid, chitin, and the like, or any combination thereof.In some embodiments, one or more thickening agents, including two or more, three or more, four or more, or five or more thickening agents, can be added individually or together to the compositions disclosed herein in a total amount of from 0.01% to about 30%, from about 0.1% to about 20%, from about 1% to about 10%, from about 2% to about 5%, or from about 1% to about 3% by weight of each of the one or more thickening agents.

[0100] A dispersing agent (also known as a dispersant or plasticizer) is a compound or mixture of compounds, either a non-surface-active polymer or a surface-active substance, that is added to a dry powdered composition or a liquid composition to improve particle separation and prevent settling or agglomeration. In some embodiments, a dispersing agent is added to a dry powdered composition disclosed herein to improve particle separation and prevent settling or agglomeration. In some embodiments, a dispersing agent is added to a liquid composition disclosed herein that has been formulated as a colloidal composition disclosed herein to improve particle separation and prevent settling or agglomeration. In some embodiments, a dispersing agent can be combined with other ingredients, such as a solvent, a diluent, a thickener, another dispersant, a foaming agent, a stabilizer, a film-forming agent, or a preservative. Non-limiting examples of dispersing agents include surfactants, emulsifiers, clays, acrylic acid compounds, sodium bis(tridecyl)sulfosuccinate, sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate, sodium dihexylsulfosuccinate, sodium dicyclohexylsulfosuccinate, sodium diamylsulfosuccinate, sodium diisobutylsulfosuccinate, disodium isodecylsulfosuccinate, disodium ethoxylated alcohol half ester of sulfosuccinic acid, disodium alkylamidopolyethoxysulfosuccinate, tetrasodium N-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-N-octadecylsulfosuccinate, disodium N-octasulfosuccinate, and sulfated ethoxylated nonylphenol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, mono C 8-24 Saturated fatty acids, C 8-24Examples of dispersants include saturated fatty acids, phthalate esters such as di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), diisononyl phthalate (DINP), and benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, one or more dispersants, including two or more, three or more, four or more, or five or more dispersants, can be added to the compositions disclosed herein individually or combined in a total amount of 0.01% to about 30%, about 0.1% to about 20%, about 1% to about 10%, about 2% to about 5%, or about 1% to about 3% of each of the one or more dispersants.

[0101] A binding agent (also known as a binder) is a compound or mixture of compounds that improves the adhesion and / or cohesion of one or more other components comprising the dry powdered or liquid compositions disclosed herein, forming a cohesive mass through mechanical, chemical, adhesive, or cohesive action. In some embodiments, one or more binding agents, including two or more, three or more, four or more, or five or more binding agents, can be added individually or together to the compositions disclosed herein in a total amount of 0.01% to about 30%, about 0.1% to about 20%, about 1% to about 10%, about 2% to about 5%, or about 1% to about 3% by weight of each of the one or more binding agents.

[0102] Foaming agents (also known as effervescent agents) are compounds or mixtures of compounds that, when hydrated under suitable conditions, generate gas and impart and / or enhance foaming properties to the compositions disclosed herein. For example, foaming agents can promote foam formation by reducing the surface tension of the liquid compositions disclosed herein or by improving colloidal stability by inhibiting gas bubble coalescence in the liquid compositions disclosed herein formulated as colloidal compositions disclosed herein. In some embodiments, foaming agents can be combined with other ingredients, such as solvents, diluents, thickeners, dispersants, binders, other foaming agents, stabilizers, film-forming agents, or preservatives. Synthetic and Protein-Based Foaming Agents. Synthetic foaming agents include aqueous film-forming foaming agents and alcohol-resistant aqueous film-forming foaming agents. Protein-based foaming agents include animal protein-based foaming agents, vegetable protein-based foaming agents, fluoroprotein-based foaming agents, film-forming fluoroprotein-based foaming agents, alcohol-resistant fluoroprotein-based foaming agents, and alcohol-resistant film-forming fluoroprotein-based foaming agents. Non-limiting examples of foaming agents include alfalfa extract, Medicago sativa, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), methylcellulose, non-ionic water-soluble polymers, ionic water-soluble polymers, hydrocarbon surfactants such as sodium alkyl sulfate, etc., or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, one or more foaming agents, including two or more, three or more, four or more, or five or more foaming agents, can be added individually or together to the compositions disclosed herein in a total amount of 0.2% to about 15%, about 0.5% to about 10%, or about 1% to about 5% by weight of each of the one or more foaming agents.

[0103] A stabilizing agent (also known as a stabilizer, emulsifier, or emulgent) is a compound or mixture of compounds that improves the stability of the dry powdered compositions or liquid compositions disclosed herein, including the paste or colloidal compositions disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a stabilizing agent is added to a dry powdered composition disclosed herein to increase its stability. In some embodiments, a stabilizing agent is added to a liquid composition disclosed herein, including the paste or colloidal compositions disclosed herein to increase its stability. In some embodiments, a stabilizing agent can comprise the properties of a solvent. In some embodiments, a stabilizing agent can be combined with other ingredients, such as a solvent, diluent, thickener, dispersant, binder, foaming agent, another stabilizer, film-forming agent, or preservative. Stabilizing agents include foam stabilizers that extend the shelf life of the foam compositions disclosed herein. Non-limiting examples of stabilizers include partially hydrolyzed proteins, starches, polyvinyl resins such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamides, carboxyvinyl polymers, polypyrrolidine, and glycol ethers, including poly(oxyethylene) glycol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycol monoethers such as methyl, propyl, butyl, or hexyl monoether, for example, 2-butoxyethanol, or glycol diethers such as diethylene glycol ether (carbitol), butyl carbitol, hexylene glycol, lauryl alcohol, formaldehyde, and alkyl hydroxybenzoates. Preferably, the preservative or stabilizer is a mixture of methyl and propyl hydroxybenzoates, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, one or more stabilizers, including two or more, three or more, four or more, or five or more stabilizers, can be added individually or together to the compositions disclosed herein in a total amount of from 0.1% to about 50%, from about 0.5% to about 40%, from about 1% to about 30%, from about 2% to about 30%, or from about 5% to about 25% by weight of each of the one or more stabilizers.In some embodiments, one or more stabilizers, including two or more, three or more, four or more, or five or more stabilizers, can be added individually or together to the compositions disclosed herein in a total amount of from 0.1% to about 10%, from about 0.5% to about 8%, from about 1% to about 8%, from about 1% to about 6%, from about 2% to about 6%, or from about 1% to about 5% by weight of each of the one or more stabilizers.

[0104] A film-forming agent is a compound or mixture of compounds that facilitates a soft, coherent, continuous, hydrophobic coating on the surface of the liquid composition disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the film-forming agent may have solvent properties. In some embodiments, the diluent may be combined with other components, such as a solvent, diluent, thickener, dispersant, binder, foaming agent, stabilizer, another film-forming agent, or preservative. The film-forming agent may be an alcohol-based film-forming agent, an alcohol ether-based film-forming agent, or an ester-based film-forming agent. Non-limiting examples of film-forming agents include water-soluble polymers, propanediol ethers, acetate salts, and the like, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, one or more film-forming agents, including two or more, three or more, four or more, or five or more film-forming agents, can be added individually or together to the compositions disclosed herein in a total amount of from 0.01% to about 4%, from about 0.1% to about 2%, from about 0.25% to about 1.5%, from about 0.25% to about 1.0%, or from about 0.5% to about 1.0% by weight of each of the one or more film-forming agents.

[0105] A preservative is a compound or mixture of compounds that prevents degradation of the dry powdered or liquid compositions disclosed herein, including the paste or colloidal compositions disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a preservative is added to a dry powdered or liquid composition disclosed herein to prevent its degradation. In some embodiments, a preservative is added to a liquid composition disclosed herein, including the paste or colloidal compositions disclosed herein to prevent its degradation. In some embodiments, a preservative can have solvent properties. In some embodiments, a preservative can be combined with other ingredients, such as a solvent, diluent, thickener, dispersant, binder, foaming agent, stabilizer, film-forming agent, or another preservative. Non-limiting examples of preservatives include sodium benzoate, imidazolidinyl urea, diazolidinyl urea, calcium chloride, citric acid, ascorbic acid, tartaric acid, sodium hydroxymethylglycinate (Nuosept 44), or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, one or more preservatives, including two or more, three or more, four or more, or five or more preservatives, can be added individually or combined to the compositions disclosed herein in a total amount of from 0.01% to about 4%, from about 0.1% to about 2%, from about 0.25% to about 1.5%, from about 0.25% to about 1.0%, or from about 0.5% to about 1.0% by weight of each of the one or more preservatives.

[0106] Aspects of the present specification, in part, disclose the pH of the liquid compositions disclosed herein. The final pH of a liquid composition is typically acidic, contributing to the stability of the liquid composition. In some aspects of this embodiment, the pH of the liquid compositions disclosed herein is, for example, about 2.0, about 2.5, about 3.0, about 3.5, about 4.0, about 4.5, about 5.0, about 5.5, or about 6.0. In other aspects of this embodiment, the pH of the liquid compositions disclosed herein is, for example, at least 2.0, at least 2.5, at least 3.0, at least 3.5, at least 4.0, at least 4.5, at least 5.0, at least 5.5, or at least 6.0. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the pH of the liquid compositions disclosed herein is, for example, at most 2.0, at most 2.5, at most 3.0, at most 3.5, at most 4.0, at most 4.5, at most 5.0, at most 5.5, or at most 6.0. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the pH of the liquid composition disclosed herein is, for example, about 2.0 to about 3.0, about 2.0 to about 3.5, about 2.0 to about 4.0, about 2.0 to about 4.5, about 2.0 to about 5.0, about 2.0 to about 5.5, about 2.0 to about 6.0, about 2.5 to about 3.0, about 2.5 to about 3.5, about 2.5 to about 4.0, about 2.5 to about 4.5, about 2.5 to about 5.0, about 2.5 to about 5.5, about 2.5 to about 6.0, about 3.0 to about 3.5, about 3.0 to about 4.0, about 3.0 to about 4.5 0.2, about 3.0 to about 4.5, about 3.0 to about 4.7, about 3.0 to about 5.0, about 3.0 to about 5.2, about 3.0 to about 5.5, about 3.0 to about 6.0, about 3.5 to about 4.0, about 3.5 to about 4.2, about 3.5 to about 4.5, about 3.5 to about 4.7, about 3.5 to about 5.0, about 3.5 to about 5.2, about 3.5 to about 5.5, about 3.5 to about 6.0, about 3.7 to about 4.0, about 3.7 to about 4.2, about 3.7 to about 4.5, about 3.7 to about 5.2, about 3.7 to about 5.5 or about 3.7 to about 6.0.

[0107] Aspects of the present disclosure disclose, in part, adding a dry powdered composition disclosed herein directly to an area to form a liquid composition disclosed herein. Non-limiting examples of areas include one or more plants and / or one or more locations and / or one or more pipes in a pipeline network of an irrigation system. In these embodiments, the disclosed methods and uses rely on liquid already present in the area to dissolve the dry powdered composition disclosed herein. For example, a dry powdered composition can be added to one or more locations, such as soil, and a solvent, such as water, present in the soil can dissolve the dry powdered composition to form a liquid composition disclosed herein. In another example, a dry powdered composition can be added to one or more plants and / or one or more locations, and then a solvent, such as water, can be applied to the one or more plants and / or one or more locations, thereby dissolving the dry powdered composition to form a liquid composition disclosed herein. In yet another example, a dry powdered composition can be added to one or more pipes, and a solvent, such as water, present in the one or more pipes can dissolve the dry powdered composition to form a liquid composition disclosed herein. The methods and uses of applying the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein require the formation of the resulting liquid compositions disclosed herein, as the dry powdered compositions have no measurable effect.

[0108] When the dry powdered or liquid compositions disclosed herein are applied using the methods or uses disclosed herein, the liquid compositions disclosed herein result in the acceleration of in situ chemical reactions of chemical bonds present in the molecular structure, particularly polysaccharide and lipid-based components, of 1) one or more components present in the defense structure of a pathogen of a plant disease, 2) one or more components that block xylem sap flow and / or photosynthate flow in a plant, or 3) one or more components that block water flow in an irrigation system. These in situ chemical reactions 1) dissolve, disperse, or otherwise destroy one or more components of the pathogen's defense structure, resulting in its death through the disruption of one or more essential physiological processes; 2) dissolve, disperse, or otherwise destroy one or more components that block xylem sap flow in the xylem and / or photosynthate flow in the phloem, resulting in improved water and nutrient transport that maintains and / or enhances plant health and vitality; or 3) dissolve, disperse, or otherwise destroy one or more components that obstruct water flow within the irrigation system's pipeline network, resulting in improved water distribution that maintains and / or enhances plant health and vitality.

[0109] Without wishing to be bound by any theory, highly reactive, uniquely structured, ultrafine microbubbles spontaneously form upon formation of the liquid compositions disclosed herein. These "functionalized" microbubbles comprise an outer "highly reactive" shell composed of one or more nonionic surfactants and components from the treated fermentation microbial supernatant, and an inner core containing air. The "highly reactive" shell can dramatically increase oxygen mass transfer in an aqueous environment and accelerate the biocatalytic activity of the compound's molecular structure, which in combination provide synergistic functionality. With respect to oxygen mass transfer, this functionality increases the oxygen transfer rate and increases the dissolved oxygen level in the aqueous environment, far exceeding the solubility limit predicted by Henry's Law and not easily achievable by mechanical aeration systems. The components from the treated fermentation microbial supernatant appear to interfere with the ability of the nonionic surfactant to form a well-organized micellar shell. As a result, the molecular packing of these fermentation components and surfactants is loosened, "functionalizing" the shell and making it more gas permeable, thereby creating more favorable conditions for gas mass transfer. This oxygen transfer function therefore improves the availability of oxygen in aqueous environments. With regard to accelerating biocatalysis, this functionality lowers the energy transition required for catalytic reactions to occur by increasing the local concentration of reactants, enabling electron donation and providing a reaction platform that facilitates chemical reactions at electron-deficient sites. This biocatalysis function therefore mediates the cleavage of chemical bonds, including glycosidic and ester bonds, present in compounds. Thus, the "functionalized" shell of the microbubbles possesses catalytic activity similar to that of conventional enzyme systems, but without the need for any enzymes. Thus, application of the liquid compositions disclosed herein produces "functionalized" microbubbles that increase oxygen dispersion, resulting in higher dissolved oxygen levels and accelerating molecular interactions, leading to the catalytic degradation of compounds.

[0110] Upon contact with a pathogen's defense structure, the "functionalized" microbubbles chemically interact with one or more components of the defense structure to donate electrons or undergo reactions at electron-deficient sites that mediate the cleavage of chemical bonds, including glycosidic and ester bonds, present in the one or more components. Similarly, upon contact with one or more components that block xylem sap flow and / or photosynthate flow in a plant, the "functionalized" microbubbles chemically interact with the one or more components to donate electrons or undergo reactions at electron-deficient sites that mediate the cleavage of chemical bonds, including glycosidic and ester bonds, present in the one or more components. Similarly, upon contact with one or more components that block water flow in an irrigation system, the "functionalized" microbubbles chemically interact with the one or more components to donate electrons or undergo reactions at electron-deficient sites that mediate the cleavage of chemical bonds, including glycosidic and ester bonds, present in the one or more components. These interactions appear to be a form of hydrolysis using beta-oxidation, which, in addition to relying on the "highly reactive" shell, also utilizes oxygen present in the microbubble core. Thus, the properties present in the "functionalized" microbubbles act synergistically with the oxygen transfer capabilities of the core to enhance in situ cleavage of chemical bonds, including glycosidic and ester bonds, present in: 1) one or more components present in the defense structures of plant disease pathogens; 2) one or more components that block xylem sap flow and / or photosynthate flow within plants; and / or 3) one or more components that block water flow within irrigation systems.

[0111] Furthermore, "functionalized" microbubbles, when in contact with root hairs, increase water uptake, increase nitrogen fixation, increase gas exchange, and increase capillary action and hydrostatic pressure in vascular tissues by making the root hair membrane more permeable to water transport and providing a more favorable microbial environment for symbionts that improves root hair function. These interactions improve absorption by root hairs, improve xylem sap flow through the xylem, improve photosynthate flow in the phloem, and improve the transport of raw materials, growth components, and energy used to maintain and / or enhance plant health and vigor.

[0112] Application of the dry powdered or liquid compositions disclosed herein can be by any method that provides an effective amount of the liquid composition disclosed herein to expose one or more components present in the defense structure of a pathogen of a plant disease to the disclosed liquid composition, resulting in sufficient destruction of one or more components of the defense structure and subsequent death through the disruption of one or more essential physiological processes. For example, exposure can be by direct application to the pathogen or by indirect application to a location where the pathogen is exposed to the liquid composition disclosed herein.

[0113] Similarly, application of the dry powdered or liquid compositions disclosed herein can be by any method that provides an effective amount of the liquid compositions disclosed herein to expose root hairs to the disclosed liquid compositions so as to increase uptake of water, minerals, and other nutrients from the soil, increase capillary action and / or hydrostatic pressure in the xylem, and / or increase compound synthesis and energy, subsequently improving root hair absorption, xylem sap flow through the xylem, and photosynthate flow in the phloem. For example, exposure can be by direct application to one or more plants or by indirect application to a location where one or more plants are exposed to the liquid compositions disclosed herein.

[0114] Similarly, application of the dry powdered or liquid compositions disclosed herein can be by any method that provides an effective amount of the liquid compositions disclosed herein, exposing one or more components that block xylem sap flow and / or phloem photosynthate flow to the disclosed liquid composition so as to provide sufficient destruction of one or more components of the defense structure and subsequent improved water and nutrient transport that maintains and / or enhances plant health and vitality. For example, exposure can be by direct application to one or more plants or by indirect application to a location where one or more plants are exposed to the liquid composition disclosed herein.

[0115] Furthermore, application of the dry powdered or liquid compositions disclosed herein can be by any method that provides an effective amount of the liquid compositions disclosed herein, exposing one or more components that interfere with water flow within the pipeline network of an irrigation system to the disclosed liquid composition so as to provide sufficient destruction of one or more components of the defensive structure and subsequent improvement of water distribution within the irrigation system that maintains and / or enhances plant health and vitality. For example, exposure can be by direct application to one or more pipeline networks of the irrigation system or by indirect application to a location where one or more pipeline networks of the irrigation system are exposed to the liquid composition disclosed herein.

[0116] The dry powdered or liquid compositions disclosed herein are applied in an effective amount. An effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered or liquid composition is an amount sufficient to cause the desired effect. An effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered or liquid composition can be: 1) an amount sufficient to cause a detrimental effect on the population of pathogens of the plant disease to be controlled; 2) an amount sufficient to improve root hair absorption, improve xylem sap flow through the xylem, and improve photosynthate flow in the phloem; 3) an amount sufficient to increase the uptake of water, minerals, and other nutrients from the soil, increase xylem capillary action and / or hydrostatic pressure, and / or increase the synthesis of compounds and energy; 4) an amount sufficient to cause sufficient destruction of one or more components that block xylem sap and / or photosynthate flow; and / or 5) an amount sufficient to cause sufficient removal of one or more components that block one or more pipeline networks in an irrigation system. The actual effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered or liquid composition is determined by routine screening procedures used to evaluate the control activity and efficacy of the disclosed dry powdered or liquid composition. Such screening procedures are well known to those skilled in the art. It is expected that dry powdered or liquid compositions disclosed herein having higher levels of activity can be used in lower amounts and concentrations, while those having lower levels of activity may require higher amounts or concentrations to achieve the same control effect.

[0117] An effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered or liquid compositions can be an amount sufficient to cause a detrimental effect on the pathogen to be controlled. In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered or liquid compositions is, for example, an amount sufficient to cause a detrimental effect on about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, or about 95% of the pathogens infecting a plant. In other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered or liquid composition is an amount sufficient to cause a deleterious effect on, for example, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% of the pathogens in a population infecting a plant. In still other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered or liquid compositions is, for example, an amount sufficient to cause a deleterious effect in up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90%, or up to 95% of the pathogens in a population infecting a plant.In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered composition or liquid composition may be, for example, about 10% to about 20%, about 10% to about 30%, about 10% to about 40%, about 10% to about 50%, about 10% to about 60%, about 10% to about 70%, about 10% to about 80%, about 10% to about 90%, about 10% to about 95%, about 20% to about 30%, about 20% to about 40%, about 20% to about 50%, about 20% to about 60%, about 20% to about 70%, about 20% to about 80%, about 20% to about 90%, about 20% to about 95%, about 30% to about 40%, about 30% to about 50%, about 30% to about 60%, about 30% to about 70%, about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 90%, about 30% to about 95%, about 40% to about 50%, about 40% to about 60%, about 40% to about 70%, about 40% to about 80%, about 40% to about 90%, about 40% to about 95%, about 50% to about 60%, about 50% to about 70%, about 50% to about 80%, about 50% to about 90 %, about 50% to about 95%, about 60% to about 70%, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 90%, about 60% to about 95%, about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95%. In other aspects of these embodiments, the adverse effect on a pathogen infecting a plant includes, but is not limited to, mortality of the pathogen to be controlled, reduction in the size of the population of the pathogen to be controlled, and prevention of the pathogen to be controlled from invading or infesting one or more locations.

[0118] An effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered or liquid composition can be an amount sufficient to improve root hair absorption of water, minerals, and other nutrients from soil. In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered or liquid composition is an amount sufficient to improve root hair absorption of water, minerals, and other nutrients from soil by, for example, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, or about 95%. In other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered or liquid composition is an amount sufficient to improve root hair absorption of water, minerals, and other nutrients from soil by, for example, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95%. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered or liquid composition is an amount sufficient to improve root hair absorption of water, minerals, and other nutrients from soil by, for example, up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90%, or up to 95%.In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered or liquid composition can enhance root hair absorption of water, minerals, and other nutrients from soil by, for example, about 10% to about 20%, about 10% to about 30%, about 10% to about 40%, about 10% to about 50%, about 10% to about 60%, about 10% to about 70%, about 10% to about 80%, about 10% to about 90%, about 10% to about 95%, about 20% to about 30%, about 20% to about 40%, about 20% to about 50%, about 20% to about 60%, about 20% to about 70%, about 20% to about 80%, about 20% to about 90%, about 20% to about 95%, about 30% to about 40%, about 30% to about 50%, about 30% to about 60%, about 30% to about 70%, about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 9 ...95%, about 30% to about 95%, about 30% to about 95%, about 30% to about 95%, about 30% to about 95%, about 30% to about 95%, about 30% to about 95%, about 30% to about 95%, about 30% to about 95%, about 30% to about 95%, about 30% to about 95%, about 30% to about 9 ~approximately 60%, approximately 30% to approximately 70%, approximately 30% to approximately 80%, approximately 30% to approximately 90%, approximately 30% to approximately 95%, approximately 40% to approximately 50%, approximately 40% to approximately 60%, approximately 40% to approximately 70%, approximately 40% to approximately 80%, approximately 40% to approximately 90%, approximately 40% to approximately 95%, approximately 50% to approximately 60%, approximately 50% to approximately 70%, approximately 50% to approximately 80% , about 50% to about 90%, about 50% to about 95%, about 60% to about 70%, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 90%, about 60% to about 95%, about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95% improvement.

[0119] An effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered or liquid composition can be an amount sufficient to improve xylem sap flow through the xylem, increase capillary action and / or hydrostatic pressure in the xylem, improve photosynthate flow in the phloem, dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove one or more components that interfere with xylem sap flow in the xylem, and / or dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove one or more components that interfere with photosynthate flow in the phloem. In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered or liquid composition is an amount sufficient to improve xylem sap flow through the xylem, increase capillary action and / or hydrostatic pressure in the xylem, improve photosynthate flow in the phloem, dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove one or more components that interfere with xylem sap flow in the xylem, and / or dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove one or more components that interfere with photosynthate flow in the phloem, for example, by about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 85%, about 80%, about 90%, or about 95%. In other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered or liquid composition is an amount sufficient to improve xylem sap flow through the xylem, increase capillary action and / or hydrostatic pressure in the xylem, improve photosynthate flow in the phloem, dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove one or more components that interfere with xylem sap flow in the xylem, and / or dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove one or more components that interfere with photosynthate flow in the phloem, for example, by at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95%,.In still other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered or liquid composition is an amount sufficient to improve xylem sap flow through the xylem, increase capillary action and / or hydrostatic pressure in the xylem, improve photosynthate flow in the phloem, dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove one or more components that interfere with xylem sap flow in the xylem, and / or dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove one or more components that interfere with photosynthate flow in the phloem, for example, by up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90%, or up to 95%. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered composition or liquid composition is, for example, about 10% to about 20%, about 10% to about 30%, about 10% to about 40%, about 10% to about 50%, about 10% to about 60%, about 10% to about 70%, about 10% to about 80%, about 10% to about 90%, about 10% to about 95%, about 20% to about 30%, about 20% to about 40%, about 20% to about 50%, about 20% to about 60%, about 20% to about 70%, about 20% to about 80%, about 20% to about 90%, about 20% to about 95%, about 30% to about 40%, about 30% to about 50%, about 30% to about 60%, about 30% to about 70%, about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 90%, about 30% to about 95%, about 40% to about 50%, about 40% to about 60%, about 40% to about 70%, about 40% to about 80 %, about 40% to about 90%, about 40% to about 95%, about 50% to about 60%, about 50% to about 70%, about 50% to about 80%, about 50% to about 90%, about 50% to about 95%, about 60% to about 70% , about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 90%, about 60% to about 95%, about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95% is sufficient to improve xylem sap flow through the xylem, increase capillary action and / or hydrostatic pressure in the xylem, improve photosynthate flow in the phloem, dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove one or more components that interfere with xylem sap flow in the xylem, and / or dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove one or more components that interfere with photosynthate flow in the phloem, by about 90% to about 95%.

[0120] An effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered or liquid compositions can be an amount sufficient to increase the uptake of water, minerals, and other nutrients from the soil, improve the transport of materials through the plant, increase the synthesis of compounds and energy in the plant, improve the synthesis of compounds and energy necessary to maintain and continue plant growth, and / or maintain and / or enhance the health and vitality of the plant. In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered or liquid compositions is an amount sufficient to increase, for example, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, or about 95% of water, mineral, and other nutrient uptake from the soil, improve transport of materials through the plant, increase synthesis of compounds and energy in the plant, improve synthesis of compounds and energy necessary to maintain and continue plant growth, and / or maintain and / or enhance plant health and vitality. In other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered or liquid compositions is an amount sufficient to increase, for example, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% of water, mineral, and other nutrient uptake from the soil, improve transport of materials through the plant, increase synthesis of compounds and energy in the plant, improve synthesis of compounds and energy necessary to maintain and continue plant growth, and / or maintain and / or enhance plant health and vitality.In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered or liquid composition is an amount sufficient to increase the uptake of water, minerals, and other nutrients from the soil, improve the transport of materials through the plant, increase the synthesis of compounds and energy in the plant, improve the synthesis of compounds and energy necessary to maintain and continue plant growth, and / or maintain and / or enhance the health and vitality of the plant, for example, by up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90%, or up to 95%. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered composition or liquid composition is, for example, about 10% to about 20%, about 10% to about 30%, about 10% to about 40%, about 10% to about 50%, about 10% to about 60%, about 10% to about 70%, about 10% to about 80%, about 10% to about 90%, about 10% to about 95%, about 20% to about 30%, about 20% to about 40%, about 20% to about Approximately 50%, approximately 20% to approximately 60%, approximately 20% to approximately 70%, approximately 20% to approximately 80%, approximately 20% to approximately 90%, approximately 20% to approximately 95%, approximately 30% to approximately 40%, approximately 30% to approximately 50%, approximately 30% to approximately 60%, approximately 30% to approximately 70%, approximately 30% to approximately 80%, approximately 30% to approximately 90%, approximately 30% to approximately 95%, approximately 40% to approximately 50%, approximately 40% to approximately 60%, approximately 40% to approximately 70%, approximately 40% to approximately 80%, about 40% to about 90%, about 40% to about 95%, about 50% to about 60%, about 50% to about 70%, about 50% to about 80%, about 50% to about 90%, about 50% to about 95%, about 60% to about 70%, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 90%, about 60% to about 95%, about 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95% is an amount sufficient to increase uptake of water, minerals, and other nutrients from the soil, improve transport of materials through the plant, increase synthesis of compounds and energy in the plant, improve synthesis of compounds and energy necessary to maintain and continue plant growth, and / or maintain and / or enhance plant health and vigor.

[0121] An effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered or liquid compositions can be an amount sufficient to dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove one or more components that impede water flow within a pipeline network of an irrigation system and / or improve water transport throughout the pipeline network. In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered or liquid compositions is, for example, an amount sufficient to dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, or about 95% of one or more components that impede water flow within a pipeline network of an irrigation system and / or improve water transport throughout the pipeline network. In other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered or liquid composition is an amount sufficient to dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove, for example, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, or at least 95% of one or more components that impede water flow within a pipeline network of an irrigation system and / or improve water transport throughout the pipeline network. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered or liquid composition is an amount sufficient to dissolve, disperse, or otherwise remove, for example, up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90%, or up to 95% of one or more components that impede water flow within a pipeline network of an irrigation system and / or improve water transport throughout the pipeline network.In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the effective amount of the disclosed dry powdered composition or liquid composition is, for example, about 10% to about 20%, about 10% to about 30%, about 10% to about 40%, about 10% to about 50%, about 10% to about 60%, about 10% to about 70%, about 10% to about 80%, about 10% to about 90%, about 10% to about 95%, about 20% to about 30%. , about 20% to about 40%, about 20% to about 50%, about 20% to about 60%, about 20% to about 70%, about 20% to about 80%, about 20% to about 90%, about 20% to about 95%, about 30% to about 40%, about 30% to about 50%, about 30% to about 60%, about 30% to about 70%, about 30% to about 80%, about 30% to about 90%, about 30% to about 95%, about 40% to About 50%, about 40% to about 60%, about 40% to about 70%, about 40% to about 80%, about 40% to about 90%, about 40% to about 95%, about 50% to about 60%, about 50% to about 70%, about 50% to about 80%, about 50% to about 90%, about 50% to about 95%, about 60% to about 70%, about 60% to about 80%, about 60% to about 90%, about 60% to about 95%, About 70% to about 80%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 80% to about 95%, or about 90% to about 95% of one or more components that impede water flow within the pipeline network of an irrigation system, and / or an amount sufficient to improve water transport throughout the pipeline network.

[0122] In one embodiment, an effective amount of the liquid composition disclosed herein is, for example, from about 1:1 to about 1:5,000,000 of the area size (m 2 ) The area size is the surface area to which the liquid composition disclosed herein is applied to achieve the desired effect of the methods or uses disclosed herein. Areas include, but are not limited to, areas containing one or more plants, one or more locations, or one or more pipes within the pipeline network of an irrigation system to which the liquid composition disclosed herein is applied. The ratio of liquid composition to area size is typically an amount that is an effective amount for the disclosed methods and uses of controlling pathogens of plant diseases, and for the disclosed methods and uses of increasing plant growth and / or crop production, and for uses of maintaining or improving the efficiency of an irrigation system.

[0123] In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the liquid composition disclosed herein may be, for example, about 1:10, about 1:25, about 1:50, about 1:75, about 1:100, about 1:125, about 1:150, about 1:175, about 1:200, about 1:225, about 1:250, about 1:275, about 1:300, about 1:325, about 1:350, about 1:375, about 1:400, about 1:425, about 1:450, about 1:475, about 1:500, about 1:525, about 1:550, about 1:575, about 1:6 and an area size (m) of the liquid composition (L) of about 1:00, about 1:700, about 1:800, about 1:900, about 1:1000, about 1:2000, about 1:3000, about 1:4000, about 1:5000, about 1:6000, about 1:7000, about 1:8000, about 1:9000, about 1:10000, about 1:20000, about 1:30000, about 1:40000, about 1:50000, about 1:60000, about 1:70000, about 1:80000, about 1:90000 or about 1:100000. 2In other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the liquid composition disclosed herein is, for example, at least 1:10, at least 1:25, at least 1:50, at least 1:75, at least 1:100, at least 1:125, at least 1:150, at least 1:175, at least 1:200, at least 1:225, at least 1:250, at least 1:275, at least 1:300, at least 1:325, at least 1:350, at least 1:375, at least 1:400, at least 1:425, at least 1:450, at least 1:475, at least 1:500, at least 1:525, at least 1:550, at least 1:575, at least 1:580, at least 1:590, at least 1:600, at least 1:610, at least 1:625, at least 1:630, at least 1:640, at least 1:650, at least 1:665, at least 1:675, at least 1:680, at least 1:690, at least 1:700, at least 1:715, at least 1:725, at least 1:730, at least 1:745, at least 1:750, at least 1:765, at least 1:775, at least 1:780, at least 1:790, at least 1:800, at least 1:815, at least 1:825, at least 1:830, at least 1:845, at least 1:850, at least 1:865, at least 1:875, at least 1:880 at least 1:600, at least 1:700, at least 1:800, at least 1:900, at least 1:1000, at least 1:2000, at least 1:3000, at least 1:4000, at least 1:5000, at least 1:6000, at least 1:7000, at least 1:8000, at least 1:9000, at least 1:10000, at least 1:20000, at least 1:30000, at least 1:40000, at least 1:50000, at least 1:60000, at least 1:70000, at least 1:80000, at least 1:90000 or at least 1:100000 2In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the liquid composition disclosed herein is a ratio of, for example, up to 1:10, up to 1:25, up to 1:50, up to 1:75, up to 1:100, up to 1:125, up to 1:150, up to 1:175, up to 1:200, up to 1:225, up to 1:250, up to 1:275, up to 1:300, up to 1:325, up to 1:350, up to 1:375, up to 1:400, up to 1:425, up to 1:450, up to 1:475, up to 1:500, up to 1:525, up to 1:550, up to 1:575, up to 1:600, up to 1:625, up to 1:645, up to 1:650, up to 1:665, up to 1:675, up to 1:685, up to 1:695, up to 1:700, up to 1:715, up to 1:725, up to 1:735, up to 1:745, up to 1:750, up to 1:765, up to 1:775, up to 1:785, up to 1:795, up to 1:800, up to 1:825, up to 1:850, up to 1:875, up to 1:885, up to 1:895, up to 1:900, up to 1:915, up to 1:925, up to 1:935, up to 1:945, up to 1:950, up to 1 The area size (m) of the liquid composition (L) is 1:600, max. 1:700, max. 1:800, max. 1:900, max. 1:1000, max. 1:2000, max. 1:3000, max. 1:4000, max. 1:5000, max. 1:6000, max. 1:7000, max. 1:8000, max. 1:9000, max. 1:10000, max. 1:20000, max. 1:30000, max. 1:40000, max. 1:50000, max. 1:60000, max. 1:70000, max. 1:80000, max. 1:90000 or max. 1:100000. 2 ) is the ratio to

[0124] In another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the liquid composition disclosed herein is, for example, about 1:1 to about 1:10, about 1:1 to about 1:25, about 1:1 to about 1:50, about 1:1 to about 1:75, about 1:1 to about 1:100, about 1:2 to about 1:10, about 1:2 to about 1:25, about 1:2 to about 1:50, about 1:2 to about 1:75, about 1:2 to about 1:100, about 1:10 to about 1:25, about 1:10 to about 1:50, about 1:10 to about 1:75, about 1:10 to about 1:100, about 1:10 to about 1:125, about 1:10 to about 1:150, about 1:10 to about 1:175, about 1:10 to about 1 :200, about 1:10 to about 1:225, about 1:10 to about 1:250, about 1:50 to about 1:100, about 1:50 to about 1:200, about 1:50 to about 1:300, about 1:50 to about 1:400, about 1:50 to about 1:500, about 1:50 to about 1:600, about 1:50 to about 1:700, about 1:50 to approximately 1:800, approximately 1:50 to approximately 1:900, approximately 1:50 to approximately 1:1000, approximately 1:100 to approximately 1:200, approximately 1:100 to approximately 1:300, approximately 1:100 to approximately 1:400, approximately 1:100 to approximately 1:500, approximately 1:100 to approximately 1:600, approximately 1:100 to approximately 1:700, Approximately 1:100 to approximately 1:800, approximately 1:100 to approximately 1:900, approximately 1:100 to approximately 1:1000, approximately 1:500 to approximately 1:1000, approximately 1:500 to approximately 1:2000, approximately 1:500 to approximately 1:3000, approximately 1:500 to approximately 1:4000, approximately 1:50 to approximately 1:5000, approximately 1:50 0 to approximately 1:6000, approximately 1:500 to approximately 1:7000, approximately 1:500 to approximately 1:8000, approximately 1:500 to approximately 1:9000, approximately 1:500 to approximately 1:10000, approximately 1:1000 to approximately 1:2000, approximately 1:1000 to approximately 1:3000, approximately 1:1000 to approximately 1:4000, approximately 1:1 000 to approximately 1:5000, approximately 1:1000 to approximately 1:6000, approximately 1:1000 to approximately 1:7000, approximately 1:1000 to approximately 1:8000, approximately 1:1000 to approximately 1:9000, approximately 1:1000 to approximately 1:10000, approximately 1:5000 to approximately 1:10000, approximately 1:5000 to approximately 1:20 000, approximately 1:5000 to approximately 1:30000, approximately 1:5000 to approximately 1:40000, approximately 1:5000 to approximately 1:50000, approximately 1:5000 to approximately 1:60000, approximately 1:5000 to approximately 1:70000, approximately 1:5000 to approximately 1:80000, approximately 1:5000 to approximately 1:90000,The area size (m, 2 ) is the ratio to

[0125] In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the liquid composition disclosed herein may be, for example, about 0.0001 wt%, about 0.0002 wt%, about 0.0003 wt%, about 0.0004 wt%, about 0.0005 wt%, about 0.0006 wt%, about 0.0007 wt%, about 0.0008 wt%, about 0.0009 wt%, about 0.001 wt%, about 0.002 wt%, about 0.003 wt%, about 0.004 wt%, about 0.005 wt%, about 0.006 wt%, about 0.007 wt%, about 0.008 wt%, about 0.009 wt% , about 0.01%, about 0.02%, about 0.03%, about 0.04%, about 0.05%, about 0.06%, about 0.07%, about 0.08%, about 0.09%, about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9% or about 10% by weight.In other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the liquid compositions disclosed herein may be, for example, at least 0.0001 wt.%, at least 0.0002 wt.%, at least 0.0003 wt.%, at least 0.0004 wt.%, at least 0.0005 wt.%, at least 0.0006 wt.%, at least 0.0007 wt.%, at least 0.0008 wt.%, at least 0.0009 wt.%, at least 0.001 wt.%, at least 0.002 wt.%, at least 0.003 wt.%, at least 0.004 wt.%, at least 0.005 wt.%, at least 0.006 wt.%, at least 0.007 wt.%, at least 0.008 wt.%, at least 0.009 wt.%, at least 0.01 wt.%, at least at least 0.02%, at least 0.03%, at least 0.04%, at least 0.05%, at least 0.06%, at least 0.07%, at least 0.08%, at least 0.09%, at least 0.1%, at least 0.2%, at least 0.3%, at least 0.4%, at least 0.5%, at least 0.6%, at least 0.7%, at least 0.8%, at least 0.9%, at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 6%, at least 7%, at least 8%, at least 9% or at least 10% by weight.In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the liquid composition disclosed herein may be, for example, up to 0.0001% by weight, up to 0.0002% by weight, up to 0.0003% by weight, up to 0.0004% by weight, up to 0.0005% by weight, up to 0.0006% by weight, up to 0.0007% by weight, up to 0.0008% by weight, up to 0.0009% by weight, up to 0.001% by weight, up to 0.002% by weight, up to 0.003% by weight, up to 0.004% by weight, up to 0.005% by weight, up to 0.006% by weight, up to 0.007% by weight, up to 0.008% by weight, up to 0.009% by weight, having a final concentration of up to 0.01%, up to 0.02%, up to 0.03%, up to 0.04%, up to 0.05%, up to 0.06%, up to 0.07%, up to 0.08%, up to 0.09%, up to 0.1%, up to 0.2%, up to 0.3%, up to 0.4%, up to 0.5%, up to 0.6%, up to 0.7%, up to 0.8%, up to 0.9%, up to 1%, up to 2%, up to 3%, up to 4%, up to 5%, up to 6%, up to 7%, up to 8%, up to 9% or up to 10% by weight.In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the liquid composition disclosed herein may be, for example, about 0.0001% by weight to about 0.0005% by weight, about 0.0001% by weight to about 0.001% by weight, about 0.0001% by weight to about 0.005% by weight, about 0.0001% by weight to about 0.01% by weight, about 0.0001% by weight to about 0.05% by weight, about 0.0001% by weight to about 0.1% by weight, about 0. 0001% to about 0.5% by weight, about 0.0001% to about 1% by weight, about 0.0001% to about 5% by weight, about 0.0001% to about 10% by weight, about 0.0005% to about 0.00 1% by weight, about 0.0005% to about 0.005% by weight, about 0.0005% to about 0.01% by weight, about 0.0005% to about 0.05% by weight, about 0.0005% to about 0.1% by weight , about 0.0005% to about 0.5% by weight, about 0.0005% to about 1% by weight, about 0.0005% to about 5% by weight, about 0.0005% to about 10% by weight, about 0.001% to about 0 .005% by weight, approximately 0.001% by weight ~ approximately 0.01%, 0.001% by weight ~ approximately 0.05% by weight, approximately 0.001% by weight ~ approximately 0.1%, 0.001% by weight ~ approximately 0.5%, 0.001% by weight ~ approximately The final concentration is 1%, 0.001% by weight to about 5% by weight, about 0.001% by weight to about 10% by weight, about 0.005% by weight to about 0.01% by weight, about 0.005% by weight to about 0.05% by weight, about 0.005% by weight to about 0.1% by weight, about 0.005% by weight to about 0.5% by weight, about 0.005% by weight to about 1% by weight, about 0.005% by weight to about 5% by weight, or about 0.005% by weight to about 10% by weight.

[0126] In various aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the liquid composition disclosed herein may be, for example, about 0.01% by weight to about 0.05% by weight, about 0.01% by weight to about 0.1% by weight, about 0.01% by weight to about 0.25% by weight, about 0.01% by weight to about 0.5% by weight, about 0.01% by weight to about 0.75% by weight, about 0.01% by weight to about 1% by weight, about 0.01% by weight to about 1.5% by weight, about 0.01% by weight to about 2% by weight, about 0.01% by weight to about 2.5% by weight, about 0.01% by weight to about 3% by weight, about 0.01% by weight to about 3.5% by weight, about 0.01% by weight to about 4 ... .5% by weight, about 0.01% to about 5% by weight, about 0.05% to about 0.1% by weight, about 0.05% to about 0.25% by weight, about 0.05% to about 0.5% by weight, about 0.05% to about 0.75% by weight, about 0.05% to about 1% by weight, about 0.05% to about 1.5% by weight, about 0 .05% to about 2% by weight, about 0.05% to about 2.5% by weight, about 0.05% to about 3% by weight, about 0.05% to about 3.5% by weight, about 0.05% to about 4% by weight, about 0.05% to about 4.5% by weight, about 0.05% to about 5% by weight, about 0.1% to about 0.25% by weight , about 0.1 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 0.75 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 1 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 1.5 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 2 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 3 wt%, about 0.1 wt% to about 3.5 wt%, about 0.1% to about 4% by weight, about 0.1% to about 4.5% by weight, about 0.1% to about 5% by weight, about 0.25% to about 0.5% by weight, about 0.25% to about 0.75% by weight, about 0.25% to about 1% by weight, about 0.25% to about 1.5% by weight, about 0.25% to about 2% by weight, About 0.25% to about 2.5% by weight, about 0.25% to about 3% by weight, about 0.25% to about 3.5% by weight, about 0.25% to about 4% by weight, about 0.25% to about 4.5% by weight, about 0.25% to about 5% by weight, about 0.5% to about 0.75% by weight, about 0.5% to about 1% by weight %, about 0.5% to about 1.5%, about 0.5% to about 2%, about 0.5% to about 2.5%, about 0.5% to about 3%, about 0.5% to about 3.5%, about 0.5% to about 4%, about 0.5% to about 4.5%, about 0.5% to about 5%, about 0.The final concentration is 75% by weight to about 1% by weight, about 0.75% by weight to about 1.5% by weight, about 0.75% by weight to about 2% by weight, about 0.75% by weight to about 2.5% by weight, about 0.75% by weight to about 3% by weight, about 0.75% by weight to about 3.5% by weight, about 0.75% by weight to about 4% by weight, about 0.75% by weight to about 4.5% by weight, about 0.75% by weight to about 5% by weight, about 1% by weight to about 5% by weight, about 1% by weight to about 10% or about 5% by weight to about 10%.

[0127] In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the liquid composition disclosed herein may be, for example, 0.05 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 0.15 ppm, 0.20 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.30 ppm, 0.35 ppm, 0.40 ppm, 0.45 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.55 ppm, 0.60 ppm, 0.65 ppm, 0.70 ppm, 0.75 ppm, 0.80 ppm, 0.85 ppm, 0.90 ppm, 0.95 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm, 160 ppm, 170 ppm, 180 ppm, 190 ppm, 200 ppm, 210 ppm, 220 ppm, 230 ppm, 240 ppm, 250 ppm, 260 ppm, 270 ppm, 280 ppm, 290 ppm, 300 ppm, 310 ppm, 320 ppm, 330 ppm, 340 ppm, 350 ppm, 360 ppm, 370 ppm, 380 ppm, 390 ppm, 400 ppm, 410 ppm, 420 ppm, 430 ppm, 440 ppm, 450 ppm, 460 ppm, 470 ppm, 480 ppm, 490 ppm, 500 ppm, 510 ppm, 520 ppm, 530 ppm, 540 ppm, 550 ppm, 560 ppm, 570 ppm, 580 ppm, 590 ppm, 590 ppm, 600 ppm, 610 ppm, 620 ppm, 630 ppm, 640 ppm, 650 ppm, 660 ppm, 670 ppm, 680 ppm, 690 ppm, 690 ppm, 700 ppm, 71 ppm, 5ppm, 10ppm, 15ppm, 20ppm, 25ppm, 30ppm, 35ppm, 40ppm, 45ppm, 50ppm, 55ppm, 60ppm, 65ppm, 70ppm, 75ppm, 8 0ppm, 85ppm, 90ppm, 95ppm, 100ppm, 125ppm, 150ppm, 175ppm, 200ppm, 225ppm, 250ppm, 275ppm, 300ppm, 325ppm, 35 0ppm, 375ppm, 400ppm, 425ppm, 450ppm, 475ppm, 500ppm, 525ppm, 550ppm, 575ppm, 600ppm, 625ppm, 650ppm, 675pp m, 700ppm, 725ppm, 750ppm, 775ppm, 800ppm, 825ppm, 850ppm, 875ppm, 900ppm, 925ppm, 950ppm, 975ppm, 1,000ppm, and having a final concentration of 1,025 ppm, 1,050 ppm, 1,075 ppm, 1,100 ppm, 1,125 ppm, 1,150 ppm, 1,175 ppm, 1,200 ppm, 1,225 ppm, 1,250 ppm, 1,275 ppm, 1,300 ppm, 1,325 ppm, 1,350 ppm, 1,375 ppm, 1,400 ppm, 1,425 ppm, 1,450 ppm, 1,475 ppm, or 1,500 ppm. In other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the liquid compositions disclosed herein may be, for example, at least 0.05 ppm, at least 0.10 ppm, at least 0.20 ppm, at least 0.30 ppm, at least 0.40 ppm, at least 0.50 ppm, at least 0.60 ppm, at least 0.70 ppm, at least 0.80 ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 5 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 2 75 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 325 ppm, at least 350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450 ppm, at least 475 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least 625 ppm, at least 650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least 775 ppm, at least 800 ppm, at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least 925 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, at least 1,000 ppm, at least 1,025 ppm, at least 1,050 ppm, at least 1,075 ppm, at least 1,100 ppm, at least 1,125 ppm, at least In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the liquid composition disclosed herein has a final concentration of at least 1,150 ppm, at least 1,175 ppm, at least 1,200 ppm, at least 1,225 ppm, at least 1,250 ppm, at least 1,275 ppm, at least 1,300 ppm, at least 1,325 ppm, at least 1,350 ppm, at least 1,375 ppm, at least 1,400 ppm, at least 1,425 ppm, at least 1,450 ppm, at least 1,475 ppm, or at least 1,500 ppm. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the liquid composition disclosed herein has a final concentration of at least 1,150 ppm, at least 1,175 ppm, at least 1,200 ppm, at least 1,225 ppm, at least 1,250 ppm, at least 1,275 ppm, at least 1,300 ppm, at least 1,325 ppm, at least 1,350 ppm, at least 1,375 ppm, at least 1,400 ppm, at least 1,425 ppm, at least 1,450 ppm, at least 1,475 ppm, or at least 1,500 ppm.90ppm, max 1ppm, max 5ppm, max 10ppm, max 20ppm, max 30ppm, max 40ppm, max 50ppm, max 60ppm, max 70ppm, max 80pp m, up to 90ppm, up to 100ppm, up to 125ppm, up to 150ppm, up to 175ppm, up to 200ppm, up to 225ppm, up to 250ppm, up to 275ppm, Max 300ppm, Max 325ppm, Max 350ppm, Max 375ppm, Max 400ppm, Max 425ppm, Max 450ppm, Max 475ppm, Max 500ppm, Max Large 525ppm, Max 550ppm, Max 575ppm, Max 600ppm, Max 625ppm, Max 650ppm, Max 675ppm, Max 700ppm, Max 725ppm, Max 750ppm, 775ppm max, 800ppm max, 825ppm max, 850ppm max, 875ppm max, 900ppm max, 925ppm max, 950ppm max, 9 75ppm, maximum 1,000ppm, maximum 1,025ppm, maximum 1,050ppm, maximum 1075ppm, maximum 1,100ppm, maximum 1,125ppm, maximum 1,150ppm, and having a final concentration of up to 1,175 ppm, up to 1,200 ppm, up to 1,225 ppm, up to 1,250 ppm, up to 1,275 ppm, up to 1,300 ppm, up to 1,325 ppm, up to 1,350 ppm, up to 1,375 ppm, up to 1,400 ppm, up to 1,425 ppm, up to 1,450 ppm, up to 1,475 ppm or up to 1,500 ppm.

[0128] In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the liquid composition disclosed herein is, for example, about 0.5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 95 ppm, pm, about 0.5ppm to about 100ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 20ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 25ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 30ppm, about 0 .75ppm ~ approx. 35ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 40ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 45ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 50ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~Approx. 55ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 60ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 65ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 70ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 75p pm, about 0.75ppm to about 80ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 85ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 90ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 95ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 5 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 10 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 15 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 70 ppm pm, approximately 1ppm to approximately 75ppm, approximately 1ppm to approximately 80ppm, approximately 1ppm to approximately 85ppm, approximately 1ppm to approximately 90ppm, approximately 1ppm to approximately 95ppm, approximately 1ppm to approximately 100ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 10ppm, approximately 5ppm to about 15ppm, about 5ppm to about 20ppm, about 5ppm to about 25ppm, about 5ppm to about 30ppm, about 5ppm to about 35ppm, about 5ppm to about 40ppm, about 5ppm to about 45ppm, about 5ppm to about 50 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 35 ppm, The final concentration is about 10 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 95 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm.

[0129] In another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the liquid composition disclosed herein is, for example, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 380 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 480 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 490 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 515 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 525 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 530 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 540 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 550 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 560 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 575 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 580 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 590 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 615 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 625 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 630 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 640 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 650 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 660 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 675 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 680 ppm, about ppm to about 400ppm, about 10ppm to about 25ppm, about 10ppm to about 50ppm, about 10ppm to about 75ppm, about 10ppm to about 100ppm, about 10ppm to about 125ppm, about 10ppm to about 150ppm, about 10ppm to about 175ppm, about 10ppm to about 2 00ppm, about 10ppm to about 225ppm, about 10ppm to about 250ppm, about 10ppm to about 275ppm, about 10ppm to about 300ppm, about 10ppm to about 325ppm, about 10ppm to about 350ppm, about 10ppm to about 375ppm, about 10ppm to about 400pp m, about 25ppm to about 50ppm, about 25ppm to about 75ppm, about 25ppm to about 100ppm, about 25ppm to about 125ppm, about 25ppm to about 150ppm, about 25ppm to about 175ppm, about 25ppm to about 200ppm, about 25ppm to about 225ppm, about 25 ppm to about 250ppm, about 25ppm to about 275ppm, about 25ppm to about 300ppm, about 25ppm to about 325ppm, about 25ppm to about 350ppm, about 25ppm to about 375ppm, about 25ppm to about 400ppm, about 50ppm to about 75ppm, about 50ppm to about 100ppm, about 50ppm to about 125ppm, about 50ppm to about 150ppm, about 50ppm to about 175ppm, about 50ppm to about 200ppm, about 50ppm to about 225ppm, about 50ppm to about 250ppm, about 50ppm to about 275ppm, about 50ppm to about 300 ppm, about 50ppm to about 325ppm, about 50ppm to about 350ppm, about 50ppm to about 375ppm, about 50ppm to about 400ppm, about 75ppm to about 100ppm, about 75ppm to about 125ppm, about 75ppm to about 150ppm, about 75ppm to about 175ppm,Approximately 75ppm to approximately 200ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 225ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 250ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 350ppm , about 75ppm to about 375ppm, about 75ppm to about 400ppm, about 100ppm to about 125ppm, about 100ppm to about 150ppm, about 100ppm to about 175ppm, about 100ppm to about 200ppm, about 100ppm to about 225ppm, approximately 100ppm to approximately 250ppm, approximately 100ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 100ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 100ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 100ppm to approximately 350ppm, approximately 100ppm to approximately 375ppm, approximately 100ppm to about 400ppm, about 150ppm to about 175ppm, about 150ppm to about 200ppm, about 150ppm to about 225ppm, about 150ppm to about 250ppm, about 150ppm to about 275ppm, about 150ppm to about 300ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 350ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 375ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 400ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 225ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 250ppm, approximately 200ppm to about 275ppm, about 200ppm to about 300ppm, about 200ppm to about 325ppm, about 200ppm to about 350ppm, about 200ppm to about 375ppm, about 200ppm to about 400ppm, about 250ppm to about The final concentration is about 275 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 400 ppm, or about 375 ppm to about 400 ppm.

[0130] In another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the liquid composition disclosed herein is, for example, about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 500 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 500 ppm ~700ppm, 500ppm~800ppm, 500ppm~900ppm, 500ppm~1,000ppm, 500ppm~1,100ppm, 500ppm~1,200ppm, 500ppm~1,300ppm, 500ppm~1,4 00ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,500ppm, approximately 600ppm to approximately 700ppm, approximately 600ppm to approximately 800ppm, approximately 600ppm to approximately 900ppm, approximately 600ppm to approximately 1,000ppm, approximately 600ppm to approximately 1,100ppm, approximately 600ppm to approximately 1,200ppm , about 600ppm to about 1,300ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,400ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,500ppm, about 700ppm to about 800ppm, about 700ppm to about 900ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,000ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,100ppm, about 7 00ppm~approx. 1,200ppm, approx. 700ppm~approx. 1,300ppm, approx. 700ppm~approx. 1,400ppm, approx. 700ppm~approx. 0ppm to about 1,200ppm, about 800ppm to about 1,300ppm, about 800ppm to about 1,400ppm, about 800ppm to about 1,500ppm, about 900ppm to about 1,000ppm, about 900ppm to about 1,100ppm, about 900ppm to about 1,200ppm, about 9 00ppm to about 1,300ppm, about 900ppm to about 1,400ppm, about 900ppm to about 1,500ppm, about 1,000ppm to about 1,100ppm, about 1,000ppm to about 1,200ppm, about 1,000ppm to about 1,300ppm, about 1,000ppm to about 1,The final concentration is about 400 ppm, about 1,000 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 1,100 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 1,200 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 1,300 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 1,300 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, or about 1,400 ppm to about 1,500 ppm.

[0131] In one embodiment, an effective amount of the dry powdered composition disclosed herein is, for example, about 1:1 to about 1:10,000 of the area size (m 2 ) The area size is the surface area to which the dry powdered composition disclosed herein is applied to achieve the desired effect of the method or use disclosed herein. Area includes, but is not limited to, an area containing one or more plants, one or more locations, or one or more pipes within the pipeline network of an irrigation system to which the dry powdered composition disclosed herein is applied. The ratio of dry powdered composition to area size is typically an amount that is an effective amount for the disclosed methods and uses of controlling pathogens of plant diseases, and the disclosed methods and uses of increasing plant growth and / or crop production, and uses of maintaining or improving the efficiency of an irrigation system.

[0132] In aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the dry powdered composition disclosed herein may be, for example, about 1:10, about 1:25, about 1:50, about 1:75, about 1:100, about 1:125, about 1:150, about 1:175, about 1:200, about 1:225, about 1:250, about 1:275, about 1:300, about 1:325, about 1:350, about 1:375, about 1:400, about 1:425, about 1:45 about 1:475, about 1:500, about 1:525, about 1:550, about 1:575, about 1:600, about 1:700, about 1:800, about 1:900, about 1:1000, about 1:2000, about 1:3000, about 1:4000, about 1:5000, about 1:6000, about 1:7000, about 1:8000, about 1:9000 or about 1:10000 2 In other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the dry powdered composition disclosed herein is, for example, at least 1:10, at least 1:25, at least 1:50, at least 1:75, at least 1:100, at least 1:125, at least 1:150, at least 1:175, at least 1:200, at least 1:225, at least 1:250, at least 1:275, at least 1:300, at least 1:325, at least 1:350, at least 1:375, at least 1:400, at least 1:425, at least 1:4 at least 1:50, at least 1:475, at least 1:500, at least 1:525, at least 1:550, at least 1:575, at least 1:600, at least 1:700, at least 1:800, at least 1:900, at least 1:1000, at least 1:2000, at least 1:3000, at least 1:4000, at least 1:5000, at least 1:6000, at least 1:7000, at least 1:8000, at least 1:9000, or at least 1:10000 2In yet other aspects of this embodiment, an effective amount of the dry powdered composition disclosed herein may be, for example, a ratio of up to 1:10, up to 1:25, up to 1:50, up to 1:75, up to 1:100, up to 1:125, up to 1:150, up to 1:175, up to 1:200, up to 1:225, up to 1:250, up to 1:275, up to 1:300, up to 1:325, up to 1:350, up to 1:375, up to 1:400, up to 1:425, up to 1: up to 1:450, up to 1:475, up to 1:500, up to 1:525, up to 1:550, up to 1:575, up to 1:600, up to 1:700, up to 1:800, up to 1:900, up to 1:1000, up to 1:2000, up to 1:3000, up to 1:4000, up to 1:5000, up to 1:6000, up to 1:7000, up to 1:8000, up to 1:9000, or up to 1:10000 2 ) is the ratio to

[0133] In yet another aspect of this embodiment, an effective amount of the dry powdered composition disclosed herein may be, for example, about 1:1 to about 1:10, about 1:1 to about 1:25, about 1:1 to about 1:50, about 1:1 to about 1:75, about 1:1 to about 1:100, about 1:2 to about 1:10, about 1:2 to about 1:25, about 1:2 to about 1:50, about 1:2 to about 1:75, about 1:2 to about 1:100, about 1:10 to about 1:25, about 1:10 to about 1:50, about 1:10 to about 1:75, about 1:10 to about 1:100, about 1:10 to about 1:125, about 1:10 to about 1:150, about 1:10 to about 1:175, about 1:10 to about 1:15 Approximately 1:200, approximately 1:10 to approximately 1:225, approximately 1:10 to approximately 1:250, approximately 1:50 to approximately 1:100, approximately 1:50 to approximately 1:200, approximately 1:50 to approximately 1:300, approximately 1:50 to approximately 1:400, approximately 1:50 to approximately 1:500, approximately 1:50 to approximately 1:600, approximately 1:50 to approximately 1:700, Approximately 1:50 to approximately 1:800, approximately 1:50 to approximately 1:900, approximately 1:50 to approximately 1:1000, approximately 1:100 to approximately 1:200, approximately 1:100 to approximately 1:300, approximately 1:100 to approximately 1:400, approximately 1:100 to approximately 1:500, approximately 1:100 to approximately 1:600, approximately 1:100 to approximately 1:700, approximately 1:100 to approx. 1:800, approx. 1:100 to approx. 1:900, approx. 1:100 to approx. 1:1000, approx. 1:500 to approx. 1:1000, approx. 1:500 to approx. 1:2000, approx. 1:500 to approx. 1:3000, approx. 1:500 to approx. 1:4000, approx. 1:500 to approx. 1:500, approx. 1:500 Approximately 1:6000, approximately 1:500 to approximately 1:7000, approximately 1:500 to approximately 1:8000, approximately 1:500 to approximately 1:9000, approximately 1:500 to approximately 1:10000, approximately 1:1000 to approximately 1:2000, approximately 1:1000 to approximately 1:3000, approximately 1:1000 to approximately 1:4000, approximately 1:1000 and above Approximately 1:5000, approximately 1:1000 to approximately 1:6000, approximately 1:1000 to approximately 1:7000, approximately 1:1000 to approximately 1:8000, approximately 1:1000 to approximately 1:9000, approximately 1:1000 to approximately 1:10000, approximately 1:2000 to approximately 1:3000, approximately 1:2000 to approximately 1:4000, approximately 1:2 000 to approximately 1:5000, approximately 1:2000 to approximately 1:6000, approximately 1:2000 to approximately 1:7000, approximately 1:2000 to approximately 1:8000, approximately 1:2000 to approximately 1:9000, approximately 1:2000 to approximately 1:10000, approximately 1:3000 to approximately 1:4000, approximately 1:3000 to approximately 1:5000,Approximately 1:3000 to approximately 1:6000, approximately 1:3000 to approximately 1:7000, approximately 1:3000 to approximately 1:8000, approximately 1:3000 to approximately 1:9000, approximately 1:3000 to approximately 1:10000, approximately 1:4000 to approximately 1:5000, approximately 1:4000 to approximately 1:6000, approximately 1:4000 to approximately 1:7000, approximately 1:4000 to approximately 1:8000, approximately 1:4000 to approximately 1:9000, approximately 1:4000 to approximately 1:10000, approximately 1:5000 to approximately 1:6000, approximately 1:5000 to approximately 1:7000, approximately 1:5000 to approximately 1:8 The area size (m, 2 ) is the ratio to

[0134] The efficacy of the dry powdered or liquid compositions disclosed herein can be monitored by determining harmful effects, mortality, reduction in pathogen populations, reduction in infestation or infestation in one or more locations, or any other assessment of damage to a pathogen population, including but not limited to, inhibition, cessation, or delay of pathogen growth, inhibition, cessation, or delay of pathogen reproduction, or inhibition, cessation, or delay of pathogen manifestation, all of which are encompassed by the term "control." Efficacy can also be monitored by phytotoxicity to plants infested by the pathogen population, tissue damage to host plants infected with the pathogen population, and adverse effects that may be experienced by humans applying the disclosed dry powdered or liquid compositions to infested plants or otherwise exposed to such compositions. Thus, the amount of the dry powdered or liquid composition disclosed herein used in the disclosed methods or uses will meet the effective amount criteria above and preferably will have minimal or no adverse effects on ornamental plants and agricultural crops (such as phytotoxicity), wildlife and humans that may come into contact with such compositions.

[0135] The dry powdered or liquid compositions disclosed herein can be applied by any process that effectively generates the microbubbles disclosed herein and effectively exposes the pathogens to be controlled. For example, any method that can introduce high concentrations of gas into the compositions disclosed herein, such as diluting dry powdered compositions during application, is suitable because such gas introduction spontaneously forms microbubbles. Suitable application processes include, but are not limited to, spraying, fumigating, atomizing, vaporizing, dispersing, watering, spouting, and dusting. One preferred method of application is by manual or mechanical application via irrigation, spraying, fumigating, atomizing, or vaporizing. Such application results in the formation of a fine mist with sufficient aeration during the application process, generating microbubbles as disclosed herein. Microbubbles exposed to dispersed gas in liquid exhibit colloidal properties and are referred to as colloidal gas aphrons (CGAs). CGAs differ from regular gas bubbles in that they contain a distinctive shell layer containing a low concentration of surfactant.

[0136] Microbubbles formed in the liquid compositions disclosed herein appear to increase oxygen mass transfer in liquids. While not wishing to be bound by scientific theory, there are several possible explanations for this difference. First, the surfactants present in the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein include nonionic surfactants and / or biosurfactants, which significantly alter the characteristics of bubble behavior when present in an aqueous environment containing the solvents disclosed herein. Second, upon formation of the liquid compositions disclosed herein, the liquid compositions require much lower concentrations of surfactant for microbubble formation. It has been suggested that the surfactant concentration must approach the critical micelle concentration (CMS) of the surfactant system. In the compositions disclosed herein, microbubbles are formed below the estimated CMC of the surfactant used. This suggests that the microbubbles are the result of aggregates of surfactant molecules with looser molecular packing that is more favorable for gas mass transfer properties. Surfaces with fewer surfactant molecules are more gas permeable than well-organized micelles containing gas. Regardless of the mechanism, the tendency of the liquid compositions disclosed herein to organize into clusters, aggregates, or gas-filled bubbles may increase the local concentration of reactants, decrease the energy transfer necessary for a catalytic reaction to occur, or provide a platform for a reaction to occur by some other mechanism yet to be described.

[0137] In aspects of this embodiment, the microbubbles disclosed herein have an average diameter of, for example, about 5 μm, about 10 μm, about 15 μm, about 20 μm, about 25 μm, about 30 μm, about 40 μm, about 50 μm, about 75 μm, about 100 μm, about 150 μm, about 200 μm, about 250 μm, about 300 μm, about 350 μm, about 400 μm, about 450 μm, about 500 μm, about 550 μm, about 600 μm, about 650 μm, about 700 μm, about 750 μm, about 800 μm, about 850 μm, about 900 μm, about 950 μm, or about 1000 μm. In other aspects of this embodiment, the microbubbles disclosed herein have an average diameter of, for example, at least 5 μm, at least 10 μm, at least 15 μm, at least 20 μm, at least 25 μm, at least 30 μm, at least 40 μm, at least 50 μm, at least 100 μm, at least 150 μm, at least 200 μm, at least 250 μm, at least 300 μm, at least 350 μm, at least 400 μm, at least 450 μm, at least 500 μm, at least 550 μm, at least 600 μm, at least 650 μm, at least 700 μm, at least 750 μm, at least 800 μm, at least 850 μm, at least 900 μm, at least 950 μm, or at least 1000 μm. In other aspects of this embodiment, the microbubbles disclosed herein have an average diameter of, for example, at most 5 μm, at most 10 μm, at most 15 μm, at most 20 μm, at most 25 μm, at most 30 μm, at most 40 μm, at most 50 μm, at most 100 μm, at most 150 μm, at most 200 μm, at most 250 μm, at most 300 μm, at most 350 μm, at most 400 μm, at most 450 μm, at most 500 μm, at most 550 μm, at most 600 μm, at most 650 μm, at most 700 μm, at most 750 μm, at most 800 μm, at most 850 μm, at most 900 μm, at most 950 μm, or at most 1000 μm.

[0138] In an aspect of this embodiment, the microbubbles disclosed herein may have a diameter of, for example, about 5 μm to about 10 μm, about 5 μm to about 15 μm, about 5 μm to about 20 μm, about 5 μm to about 25 μm, about 5 μm to about 30 μm, about 5 μm to about 40 μm, about 5 μm to about 50 μm, about 5 μm to about 75 μm, about 5 μm to about 100 μm, about 10 μm to about 15 μm, about 10 μm to about 20 μm, about 10 μm to about 25 μm, about 10 μm to about 30 μm, about 10 μm to about 40 μm, about 10 μm to about 50 μm, about 10 μm to about 75 μm, about 10 μm to about 100 μm, about 15 μm to about 20 μm, about 15 μm ~about 25μm, about 15μm to about 30μm, about 15μm to about 40μm, about 15μm to about 50μm, about 15μm to about 75μm, about 15μm to about 100μm, about 20μm to about 25μm, about 20μm to about 30μm, about 20μm to about 40μm, about 20μm to about 50μm, about 20μm to about 7 5μm, about 20μm to about 100μm, about 25μm to about 30μm, about 25μm to about 40μm, about 25μm to about 50μm, about 25μm to about 75 μm, approximately 25 μm to approximately 100 μm, approximately 30 μm to approximately 40 μm, approximately 30 μm to approximately 50 μm, approximately 30 μm to approximately 75 μm, approximately 30 μm to approximately 100 μm, approximately 40 μm to approximately 50 μm, approximately 40 μm to approximately 75 μm, approximately 40 μm to approximately 100 μm, approximately 50 μm to approximately 75 μm, approximately 50 μm to approximately 100 μm, approximately 50 μm to approximately 150 μm, approximately 50 μm to approximately 200 μm, approximately 50 μm to approximately 250 μm, approximately 50 μm to approximately 300 μm, approximately 50 μm to approximately 350μm, about 50μm to about 400μm, about 50μm to about 450μm, about 50μm to about 500μm, about 50μm to about 550μm, about 50μm m ~ approx. 600 μm, approx. 50 μm ~ approx. 650 μm, approx. 50 μm ~ approx. 700 μm, approx. 50 μm ~ approx. 750 μm, approx. 50μm to about 850μm, about 50μm to about 900μm, about 50μm to about 950μm, about 50μm to about 1000μm, about 100μm to about 15 0μm, about 100μm to about 200μm, about 100μm to about 250μm, about 100μm to about 300μm, about 100μm to about 350μm, about 1 00μm~about 400μm, about 100μm~about 450μm, about 100μm~about 500μm, about 100μm~about 550μm, about 100μm~about 600μm, about 100μm to about 650μm, about 100μm to about 700μm, about 100μm to about 750μm, about 100μm to about 800μm,about 100 μm to about 850 μm, about 100 μm to about 900 μm, about 100 μm to about 950 μm, about 100 μm to about 1000 μm, about 150 μm to about 200 μm, about 150 μm to about 250 μm, about 150 μm to about 300 μm, about 150 μm to about 350 μm, about 150 μm to about 400 μm μm, about 150 μm to about 450 μm, about 150 μm to about 500 μm, about 150 μm to about 550 μm, about 150 μm to about 600 μm, about 150 μm to about 650 μm, about 150 μm to about 700 μm, about 150 μm to about 750 μm, about 150 μm to about 800 μm, about 150 μm to about 85 0μm, about 150μm to about 900μm, about 150μm to about 950μm, about 150μm to about 1000μm, about 200μm to about 250μm, about 200μm to about 300μm, about 200μm to about 350μm, about 200μm to about 400μm, about 200μm to about 450μm, about 200μm to about 500μm, about 200μm to about 550μm, about 200μm to about 600μm, about 200μm to about 650μm, about 200μm to about 700μm, about 200μm to about 750μm, about 200μm to about 800μm, about 200μm to about 850μm, about 200μm to about 900μm, about 200μm to about 950 μm, about 200 μm to about 1000 μm, about 250 μm to about 300 μm, about 250 μm to about 350 μm, about 250 μm to about 400 μm, about 250 μm to about 450 μm, about 250 μm to about 500 μm, about 250 μm to about 550 μm, about 250 μm to about 600 μm, about 250 μm m to about 650 μm, about 250 μm to about 700 μm, about 250 μm to about 750 μm, about 250 μm to about 800 μm, about 250 μm to about 850 μm, about 250 μm to about 900 μm, about 250 μm to about 950 μm, about 250 μm to about 1000 μm, about 300 μm to about 350 μm, about 30 0 μm to about 400 μm, about 300 μm to about 450 μm, about 300 μm to about 500 μm, about 300 μm to about 550 μm, about 300 μm to about 600 μm, about 300 μm to about 650 μm, about 300 μm to about 700 μm, about 300 μm to about 750 μm, about 300 μm to about 800 μm, about 3 00μm to about 850μm, about 300μm to about 900μm, about 300μm to about 950μm, about 300μm to about 1000μm, about 350μm to about 400μm, about 350μm to about 450μm, about 350μm to about 500μm, about 350μm to about 550μm, about 350μm to about 600μm,about 350 μm to about 650 μm, about 350 μm to about 700 μm, about 350 μm to about 750 μm, about 350 μm to about 800 μm, about 350 μm to about 850 μm, about 350 μm to about 900 μm, about 350 μm to about 950 μm, about 350 μm to about 1000 μm, about 400 μm to about 45 0μm, about 400μm to about 500μm, about 400μm to about 550μm, about 400μm to about 600μm, about 400μm to about 650μm, about 400μm to about 700μm, about 400μm to about 750μm, about 400μm to about 800μm, about 400μm to about 850μm, about 400μm to about 900 μm, about 400 μm to about 950 μm, about 400 μm to about 1000 μm, about 450 μm to about 500 μm, about 450 μm to about 550 μm, about 450 μm to about 600 μm, about 450 μm to about 650 μm, about 450 μm to about 700 μm, about 450 μm to about 750 μm, about 45 0 μm to about 800 μm, about 450 μm to about 850 μm, about 450 μm to about 900 μm, about 450 μm to about 950 μm, about 450 μm to about 1000 μm, about 500 μm to about 550 μm, about 500 μm to about 600 μm, about 500 μm to about 650 μm, about 500 μm to about 700 μm, about 500 μm to about 750 μm, about 500 μm to about 800 μm, about 500 μm to about 850 μm, about 500 μm to about 900 μm, about 500 μm to about 950 μm, about 500 μm to about 1000 μm, about 550 μm to about 600 μm, about 550 μm to about 650 μm, about 550 μm to about 70 0μm, about 550μm to about 750μm, about 550μm to about 800μm, about 550μm to about 850μm, about 550μm to about 900μm, about 550μm to about 950μm, about 550μm to about 1000μm, about 600μm to about 650μm, about 600μm to about 700μm, about 600μm to about 750 μm, about 600 μm to about 800 μm, about 600 μm to about 850 μm, about 600 μm to about 900 μm, about 600 μm to about 950 μm, about 600 μm to about 1000 μm, about 650 μm to about 700 μm, about 650 μm to about 750 μm, about 650 μm to about 800 μm, about 65 0 μm to about 850 μm, about 650 μm to about 900 μm, about 650 μm to about 950 μm, about 650 μm to about 1000 μm, about 700 μm to about 750 μm, about 700 μm to about 800 μm, about 700 μm to about 850 μm, about 700 μm to about 900 μm, about 700 μm to about 950 μm,The average diameter is about 700 μm to about 1000 μm, about 750 μm to about 800 μm, about 750 μm to about 850 μm, about 750 μm to about 900 μm, about 750 μm to about 950 μm, about 750 μm to about 1000 μm, about 800 μm to about 850 μm, about 800 μm to about 900 μm, about 800 μm to about 950 μm, about 800 μm to about 1000 μm, about 850 μm to about 900 μm, about 850 μm to about 950 μm, about 850 μm to about 1000 μm, about 900 μm to about 950 μm, about 900 μm to about 1000 μm, or about 950 μm to about 1000 μm.

[0139] Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, compositions. Examples of plants include plants, groups of plants, or parts of plants. As used herein, the term "plant" refers to any organism belonging to the kingdom Plantae and forming the clade Viridiplantae (subkingdom Chlorophyta). Non-limiting examples include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms, ferns, club mosses, hornworts, liverworts, and green algae, but excluding red and brown algae, fungi, archaea, bacteria, and animals. Vascular plants include club mosses, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms (including conifers), and angiosperms (flowering plants). Scientific names for this group include Tracheophyta (vascular plants) and Tracheobionta (vascular plants). As used herein, the term "flower" is synonymous with "bloom" or "blossom" and refers to the reproductive structure found in angiosperms. As used herein, the term "crop plant" refers to a plant that produces a crop. Non-limiting examples include plants that produce fruit, seeds, nuts, grain, oil, wood, and fiber. As used herein, the term "crop" refers to a plant product that has economic value. Non-limiting examples include fruit, seeds, nuts, grain, oil, wood, and fiber.

[0140] Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, a locus. A locus is a physical structure or location within an environment. Non-limiting examples of loci include residential buildings, commercial buildings, industrial buildings, nurseries, greenhouses, nurseries, silos, agricultural storage areas, water irrigation systems, specific areas of land such as lawns, gardens, farms, or fields, or natural bodies of water such as streams, rivers, lakes, seas, or oceans. Thus, the dry powdered and liquid compositions disclosed herein are advantageously used in a wide variety of applications, including, but not limited to, home application, turf and garden application, agricultural application, organic agriculture application, greenhouse and nursery application, stored product application, professional planter application, foliar application, underwater or submerged application, soil incorporation application, nursery treatment application, intrastem injection, and plant treatment application.

[0141] Plant diseases that can be treated by the dry powdered compositions, liquid compositions, methods, and / or uses described herein include, but are not limited to, anthracnose, blight, canker, clubroot, damping-off, gall, blight, spot, powdery mildew, mold, mosaic virus disease, rot, rust, scab, smut, and wilt. Anthracnose or bird's eye disease refers to a group of plant diseases caused by various fungi of the genera Colletotrichum, Gloeosporium, Glomerella, and Elsinoe, and whose symptoms are characterized by small, sunken, necrotic spots or lesions with raised borders of various colors on leaves, stems, fruits, or flowers, with some infections resulting in cankers on twigs and branches. Blight refers to a group of plant diseases caused by various fungi and bacteria and characterized by sudden and severe chlorosis, yellowing, browning, mottling, wilting, and subsequent necrosis of plant tissues such as leaves, branches, twigs, or flower organs. Canker refers to a group of common and widespread plant diseases caused by various fungi and bacteria and characterized by circular or irregularly shaped sunken, swollen, flattened, or cracked, discolored, dieback, and necrotic areas on stems (canes), twigs, branches, or trunks. Clubroot refers to a group of plant diseases of members of the cabbage family caused by the soil fungus Plasmodiophora brassicae and characterized by irregular, deformed (club-shaped) roots that are often cracked and rotten. Damping-off refers to a group of plant diseases that affect seeds and seedlings and are caused by several fungi, including species of Rhizoctonia, including Fusarium, Phytophthora, Pythium, and Rhizoctonia, including R. solani, and are characterized by decay of stem and root tissue below the soil surface. Gall refers to a group of plant diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, and some insects, and are characterized by abnormal, localized growths or enlargements of plant tissue.Blight, also known as leaf curl disease, refers to a group of plant diseases of many woody plants and ferns worldwide. It is caused by Taphrina fungi and is characterized by twisted, curled leaves. Leaf spot refers to a group of plant diseases caused by numerous fungi and bacteria and is characterized by spots on plant leaves. Powdery mildew refers to a group of plant diseases caused by numerous fungi and is characterized by white, gray, bluish, or purple powdery growths, usually on the upper or lower surfaces of leaves. Mildew refers to a group of plant diseases caused by several fungi and is characterized by a powdery or woolly appearance on the surface of infected plant parts. Mosaic virus refers to a group of plant diseases caused by plant viruses and is characterized by the appearance of several nutrient deficiencies. Rot, also known as rot, refers to a group of plant diseases caused by any of hundreds of species of soil fungi and bacteria and is characterized by decomposition and decay of the plant. Rust refers to a group of plant diseases caused by over 5,000 species of fungi and characterized by symptoms of yellow, orange, red, reddish-brown, brown, or black powdery warts that appear as a coating on the leaves, young shoots, and fruit of thousands of economically important plants. Scab refers to a group of plant diseases caused by several fungi and bacteria and characterized by symptoms of hardening, overgrowth, and sometimes cracking (crust-like lesions) of fruit, tuber, leaf, or stem tissue. Smut refers to a group of plant diseases caused by fungi and characterized by the accumulation of fungal spores in sooty masses called sporangia in eruptions on seeds, leaves, stems, inflorescences, and bulbs. Wilt refers to a plant disease caused by numerous fungi and bacteria and characterized by symptoms of permanent stunting, wilting, and withering, often with the subsequent death of all or part of the plant.

[0142] Pathogens whose populations may be controlled by the dry powder compositions, liquid compositions, methods and / or uses described herein include, but are not limited to, viruses, bacteria, fungi and nematodes. Furthermore, all developmental stages may be controlled by the methods and / or uses disclosed herein, including, but not limited to, eggs, larvae, larvae, juveniles, pupae and adults.

[0143] The dry powdered compositions, liquid compositions, methods, and / or uses described herein are most likely not harmful to mammals or the environment, are non-phytotoxic, and can be safely applied to economically valuable plants or crops. Furthermore, the dry powdered compositions, liquid compositions, methods, and / or uses described herein can be used indoors and outdoors and do not soften, dissolve, or otherwise adversely affect treated surfaces. Finally, pathogens do not develop resistance to the compositions, methods, and uses described herein.

[0144] The dry powdered and liquid compositions disclosed herein have minimal adverse effects on human, mammalian, including livestock, plant life, and the environment. In one aspect of this embodiment, the dry powdered and liquid compositions disclosed herein are substantially non-toxic to humans, mammals, plants, and the environment. In another aspect of this embodiment, the dry powdered and liquid compositions disclosed herein are essentially non-toxic to humans, mammals, plants, and the environment.

[0145] Aspects of the present specification disclose, in part, liquid compositions that are biodegradable. A biodegradable liquid composition disclosed herein is one that tends to deteriorate, erode, resorb, decompose, or break down to a substantial or significant extent when applied in accordance with the methods and uses disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 99% of the liquid composition disclosed herein biodegrades in, for example, about 1 day, about 2 days, about 3 days, about 4 days, about 5 days, about 6 days, or about 7 days. In other aspects of this embodiment, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 99% of the liquid compositions disclosed herein biodegrade in, for example, about 1 to about 2 days, about 1 to about 3 days, about 1 to about 4 days, about 1 to about 5 days, about 1 to about 6 days, about 1 to about 7 days, about 2 to about 3 days, about 2 to about 4 days, about 2 to about 5 days, about 2 to about 6 days, about 2 to about 7 days, about 3 to about 4 days, about 3 to about 5 days, about 3 to about 6 days, about 3 to about 7 days, about 4 to about 5 days, about 4 to about 6 days, about 4 to about 7 days, about 5 to about 6 days, about 5 to about 7 days, or about 6 to about 7 days.

[0146] In aspects of this embodiment, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 99% of the liquid compositions disclosed herein biodegrade in, for example, about 7 days, about 8 days, about 9 days, about 10 days, about 11 days, about 12 days, about 13 days, or about 14 days. In other aspects of this embodiment, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 99% of the liquid compositions disclosed herein biodegrade in, for example, about 7 to about 8 days, about 7 to about 9 days, about 7 to about 10 days, about 7 to about 11 days, about 7 to about 12 days, about 7 to about 13 days, about 7 to about 14 days, about 8 to about 9 days, about 8 to about 10 days, about 8 to about 11 days, about 8 to about 12 days, about 8 to about 13 days, It biodegrades in about 8 to about 14 days, about 9 to about 10 days, about 9 to about 11 days, about 9 to about 12 days, about 9 to about 13 days, about 9 to about 14 days, about 9 to about 11 days, about 9 to about 12 days, about 9 to about 13 days, about 9 to about 14 days, about 10 to about 11 days, about 10 to about 12 days, about 10 to about 13 days, about 10 to about 14 days, about 11 to about 12 days, about 11 to about 13 days, about 11 to about 14 days, about 12 to about 13 days, about 12 to about 14 days, or about 13 to about 14 days.

[0147] In aspects of this embodiment, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99% of the liquid compositions disclosed herein biodegrade in, for example, about 15 days, about 16 days, about 17 days, about 18 days, about 19 days, about 20 days, or about 21 days. In another aspect of this embodiment, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 99% of the liquid composition disclosed herein biodegrades in, for example, about 15 to about 16 days, about 15 to about 17 days, about 15 to about 18 days, about 15 to about 19 days, about 15 to about 20 days, about 15 to about 21 days, about 16 to about 17 days, about 16 to about 18 days, about 16 to about 19 days, about 16 to about 20 days, about 16 to about 21 days, about 17 to about 18 days, about 17 to about 19 days, about 17 to about 20 days, about 17 to about 21 days, about 18 to about 19 days, about 18 to about 20 days, about 18 to about 21 days, about 19 to about 20 days, about 19 to about 21 days, or about 20 to about 21 days.

[0148] Aspects of the present specification can also be described by the following embodiments. 1. A dry powdered composition comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 5% to about 15% by weight of a dried processed fermented microbial supernatant containing bionutrients, minerals, and amino acids, and about 75% to about 95% by weight of one or more non-ionic biosurfactants, wherein the dry powdered composition lacks active enzymes, activatable pro-enzymes, or any enzymatic activity. 2. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 1, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 7% to about 12% by weight of the dried processed fermented microbial supernatant. 3. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 1 or 2, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 8% to about 10% by weight of dried processed fermented microbial supernatant. 4. The dry powdered composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the treated fermentation microbial supernatant is a treated fermentation yeast supernatant, a treated fermentation bacterial supernatant, a treated fermentation mold supernatant, or any combination thereof. 5. The fermentation yeast supernatant is selected from the group consisting of Brettanomyces, Candida, Cyberlindnera, Cystofilobasidium, Debaryomyces, Dekkera, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Issatchenkia, Kazachstania, Kloeckera, Kluyveromyces, Lecanicillium, Mucor, Neurospora, Pediococcus, P. 5. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 4, produced from a culture containing a yeast belonging to the genus Penicillium, Pichia, Rhizopus, Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Thrichosporon, Torulaspora, Torulopsis, Verticillium, Yarrowia, Zygosaccharomyces, or Zygotorulaspora. 6. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 5, wherein the fermented yeast supernatant is produced from a culture containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 7. The fermentation bacterial supernatant is selected from the group consisting of Acetobacter, Arthrobacter, Aerococcus, Bacillus, Bifidobacterium, Brachybacterium, Brevibacterium, Barnobacterium, Carnobacterium, Corynebacterium, and the like. Acterium (Corynebacterium genus), Enterococcus (Enterococcus genus), Escherichia (Escherichia genus), Gluconacetobacter (Gluconacetobacter genus), Gluconobacter (Gluconobacter genus), Hafnia (Hafnia genus), Halomonas (Halomonas genus), Kocuria (Kocuria genus), Lactobacillus (Lactococcus genus), Lactococcus (Leuconostoc genus), Ma Crococcus, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Neisseria, Oenococcus, Pediococcus, Propionibacterium, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, Salmonella 5. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 4, produced from a culture containing bacteria belonging to the genus Lumonella, Sporolactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Streptomyces, Tetragenococcus, Vagococcus, Weissells, or Zymomonas. 8. The dry powdered composition of any one of embodiments 1-7, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 80% to about 95% by weight of one or more non-ionic biosurfactants. 9. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 8, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 85% to about 95% by weight of one or more non-ionic biosurfactants. 10. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 8, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 80% to about 90% by weight of one or more non-ionic biosurfactants. 11. The dry powdered composition of any one of embodiments 1-7, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 6% to about 14% by weight of the dried processed fermented microbial supernatant and about 80% to about 95% by weight of one or more non-ionic biosurfactants. 12. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 11, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 6% to about 12% by weight of the dried processed fermented microbial supernatant and about 85% to about 95% by weight of one or more non-ionic biosurfactants. 13. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 12, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 7% to about 11% by weight of the dried processed fermented microbial supernatant and about 87% to about 93% by weight of one or more non-ionic biosurfactants. 14. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 13, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 8% to about 10% by weight of the dried processed fermented microbial supernatant and about 89% to about 91% by weight of one or more non-ionic biosurfactants. 15. The dry powdered composition of any one of embodiments 1-14, wherein the one or more non-ionic biosurfactants comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of at least two non-ionic biosurfactants. 16. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 15, wherein the at least two non-ionic biosurfactants comprise about 5% to about 15% of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant and about 70% to about 90% of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant or about 75% to about 85% of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant. 17. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 15, wherein the at least two nonionic biosurfactants comprise about 6% to about 12% of a first dry nonionic biosurfactant and about 73% to about 89% of a second dry nonionic biosurfactant or about 78% to about 84% of a second dry nonionic biosurfactant. 18. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 15, wherein the at least two nonionic biosurfactants comprise about 7% to about 11% of a first dry nonionic biosurfactant and about 74% to about 88% of a second dry nonionic biosurfactant or about 79% to about 83% of a second dry nonionic biosurfactant. 19. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 15, wherein the at least two non-ionic biosurfactants comprise about 8% to about 10% of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant and about 75% to about 87% of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant or about 80% to about 82% of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant. 20. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 15, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 5% to about 15% by weight of the dried processed fermented microbial supernatant, about 5% to about 15% by weight of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant, and about 70% to about 90% by weight of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant. 21. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 15, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 6% to about 14% by weight of the dried processed fermented microbial supernatant, about 6% to about 14% by weight of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant, and about 72% to about 88% by weight of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant. 22. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 21, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 6% to about 12% by weight of the dried processed fermented microbial supernatant, about 6% to about 12% by weight of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant, and about 74% to about 88% by weight of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant. 23. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 22, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 7% to about 11% by weight of the dried processed fermented microbial supernatant, about 7% to about 11% by weight of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant, and about 76% to about 86% by weight of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant. 24. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 23, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 8% to about 10% by weight of the dried processed fermented microbial supernatant, about 8% to about 10% by weight of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant, and about 78% to about 84% by weight of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant. 25. A dry powdered composition comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 5% to about 15% by weight of dried processed fermented yeast supernatant containing bionutrients, minerals, and amino acids, and about 75% to about 95% by weight of one or more non-ionic biosurfactants, wherein the dry powdered composition lacks active enzymes, activatable proenzymes, or any enzymatic activity. 26. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 25, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 7% to about 12% by weight of the dried processed fermented yeast supernatant. 27. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 25 or 26, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 8% to about 10% by weight of said dried treated fermentation yeast supernatant. 28. The dried fermentation yeast supernatant is selected from the group consisting of Brettanomyces, Candida, Cyberlindnera, Cystofilobasidium, Debaryomyces, Dekkera, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Issatchenkia, Kazachstania, Kloeckera, Kluyveromyces, Lecanicillium, Mucor, Neurospora, and Penicillium. 28. The dry powdered composition of any one of embodiments 25 to 27, produced from a culture containing a yeast belonging to the genus Saccharomyces, Pichia, Rhizopus, Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Thrichosporon, Torulaspora, Torulopsis, Verticillium, Yarrowia, Zygosaccharomyces, or Zygotorulaspora. 29. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 28, wherein the fermentation yeast supernatant is produced from a culture containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 30. The dry powdered composition of any one of embodiments 25-29, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 80% to about 95% by weight of one or more non-ionic biosurfactants. 31. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 30, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 85% to about 95% by weight of one or more non-ionic biosurfactants. 32. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 30, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 80% to about 90% by weight of one or more non-ionic biosurfactants. 33. The dry powdered composition of any one of embodiments 25-29, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 6% to about 14% by weight of the dried treated fermented yeast supernatant and about 80% to about 95% by weight of one or more non-ionic biosurfactants. 34. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 33, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 6% to about 12% by weight of the dried processed fermented yeast supernatant and about 85% to about 95% by weight of one or more non-ionic biosurfactants. 35. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 34, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 7% to about 11% by weight of the dried processed fermented yeast supernatant and about 87% to about 93% by weight of one or more non-ionic biosurfactants. 36. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 35, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 8% to about 10% by weight of the dried processed fermented yeast supernatant and about 89% to about 91% by weight of one or more non-ionic biosurfactants. 37. The dry powdered composition of any one of embodiments 25-36, wherein the one or more non-ionic biosurfactants comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of at least two non-ionic biosurfactants. 38. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 37, wherein the at least two nonionic biosurfactants comprise about 5% to about 15% of a first dry nonionic biosurfactant and about 70% to about 90% of a second dry nonionic biosurfactant or about 75% to about 85% of a second dry nonionic biosurfactant. 39. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 37, wherein the at least two nonionic biosurfactants comprise about 6% to about 12% of a first dry nonionic biosurfactant and about 73% to about 89% of a second dry nonionic biosurfactant or about 78% to about 84% of a second dry nonionic biosurfactant. 40. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 37, wherein the at least two nonionic biosurfactants comprise about 7% to about 11% of a first dry nonionic biosurfactant and about 74% to about 88% of a second dry nonionic biosurfactant or about 79% to about 83% of a second dry nonionic biosurfactant. 41. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 37, wherein the at least two nonionic biosurfactants comprise about 8% to about 10% of a first dry nonionic biosurfactant and about 75% to about 87% of a second dry nonionic biosurfactant or about 80% to about 82% of a second dry nonionic biosurfactant. 42. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 37, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 5% to about 15% by weight of the dried treated fermented yeast supernatant, about 5% to about 15% by weight of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant, and about 70% to about 90% by weight of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant. 43. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 42, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 6% to about 14% by weight of the dried treated fermented yeast supernatant, about 6% to about 14% by weight of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant, and about 72% to about 88% by weight of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant. 44. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 43, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 6% to about 12% by weight of the dried treated fermented yeast supernatant, about 6% to about 12% by weight of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant, and about 74% to about 88% by weight of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant. 45. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 44, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 7% to about 11% by weight of the dried treated fermented yeast supernatant, about 7% to about 11% by weight of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant, and about 76% to about 86% by weight of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant. 46. ​​The dry powdered composition of embodiment 45, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 8% to about 10% by weight of the dried treated fermented yeast supernatant, about 8% to about 10% by weight of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant, and about 78% to about 84% by weight of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant. 47. The dry powdered composition of any one of embodiments 1-14 or 25-36, wherein the one or more non-ionic biosurfactants comprise one or more non-ionic saponins. 48. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 47, wherein the one or more non-ionic saponins comprise one or more triterpenoid saponins, one or more steroidal saponins, or a combination thereof. 49. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 15 or 37, wherein the at least two non-ionic biosurfactants comprise at least two non-ionic saponins. 50. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 50, wherein the at least two non-ionic saponins comprise one or more triterpenoid saponins, one or more steroidal saponins, or a combination thereof. 51. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 48 or 50, wherein the one or more triterpenoid saponins comprise a tetracyclic triterpenoid saponin, a pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin, or a combination thereof. 52. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 51, wherein the tetracyclic triterpenoid saponin comprises a cucurbitane, cycloartane, cycloartenol, dammarane, euphane, lanostane, or tirucallane. 53. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 51, wherein the pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin comprises enoxolone, hederagenin, hopane, lupane, maslinic acid, oleanane, ursane, or taraxasterane. 54. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 48 or 50, wherein the one or more steroid saponins comprise diosgenin, eleutherosides, ginsenosides, sarsasapogenin, yamogenin, or any combination thereof. 55. The dry powdered composition of any one of embodiments 16-23 or 38-46, wherein the first dry non-ionic biosurfactant comprises a first dry non-ionic saponin and the second dry non-ionic biosurfactant comprises a second dry non-ionic saponin. 56. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 55, wherein the first dry and / or second dry non-ionic saponin comprises a triterpenoid saponin, a steroidal saponin, or a combination thereof. 57. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 56, wherein the triterpenoid saponin comprises a tetracyclic triterpenoid saponin, a pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin, or a combination thereof. 58. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 57, wherein the tetracyclic triterpenoid saponin comprises a cucurbitane, cycloartane, cycloartenol, dammarane, euphane, lanostane, or tirucallane. 59. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 57, wherein the pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin comprises enoxolone, hederagenin, hopane, lupane, maslinic acid, oleanane, ursane, or taraxasterane. 60. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 52, wherein the steroid saponin comprises diosgenin, eleutherosides, ginsenosides, sarsasapogenin, yamogenin, or any combination thereof. 67. A dry powdered composition comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 5% to about 15% by weight of a dried processed fermented yeast supernatant containing bionutrients, minerals, and amino acids, about 5% to about 15% by weight of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant, and about 70% to about 90% by weight of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant, the dry powdered composition being devoid of any active enzyme, activatable pro-enzyme, or any enzymatic activity. 68. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 67, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 6% to about 12% of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant and about 73% to about 89% of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant or about 78% to about 84% of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant. 69. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 67, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 7% to about 11% of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant and about 74% to about 88% of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant or about 79% to about 83% of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant. 70. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 67, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 8% to about 10% of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant and about 75% to about 87% of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant or about 80% to about 82% of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant. 71. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 67, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 6% to about 14% by weight of the dried treated fermented yeast supernatant, about 6% to about 14% by weight of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant, and about 72% to about 88% by weight of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant. 72. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 71, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 6% to about 12% by weight of the dried treated fermented yeast supernatant, about 6% to about 12% by weight of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant, and about 74% to about 88% by weight of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant. 73. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 72, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 7% to about 11% by weight of the dried treated fermented yeast supernatant, about 7% to about 11% by weight of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant, and about 76% to about 86% by weight of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant. 74. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 73, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 8% to about 10% by weight of the dried treated fermented yeast supernatant, about 8% to about 10% by weight of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant, and about 78% to about 84% by weight of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant. 75. A dry powdered composition comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 5% to about 15% by weight of a dried processed fermentation yeast supernatant containing bionutrients, minerals, and amino acids, about 5% to about 15% by weight of a first dry non-ionic saponin, and about 70% to about 90% by weight of a second dry non-ionic saponin, wherein the dry powdered composition lacks any active enzyme, activatable pro-enzyme, or any enzymatic activity. 76. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 67, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 6% to about 12% of a first dry non-ionic saponin and about 73% to about 89% of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant or about 78% to about 84% of a second dry non-ionic saponin. 77. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 67, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 7% to about 11% by weight of the first dry non-ionic saponin and about 74% to about 88% by weight of the second dry non-ionic biosurfactant, or about 79% to about 83% by weight of the second dry non-ionic saponin. 78. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 67, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 8% to about 10% of a first dry non-ionic saponin and about 75% to about 87% of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant or about 80% to about 82% of a second dry non-ionic saponin. 79. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 67, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 6% to about 14% by weight of the dried processed fermented yeast supernatant, about 6% to about 14% by weight of a first dry nonionic saponin, and about 72% to about 88% by weight of a second dry nonionic saponin. 80. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 71, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 6% to about 12% by weight of the dried processed fermented yeast supernatant, about 6% to about 12% by weight of a first dry nonionic saponin, and about 74% to about 88% by weight of a second dry nonionic saponin. 81. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 72, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 7% to about 11% by weight of the dried processed fermented yeast supernatant, about 7% to about 11% by weight of a first dry nonionic saponin, and about 76% to about 86% by weight of a second dry nonionic saponin. 82. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 73, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 8% to about 10% by weight of the dried processed fermented yeast supernatant, about 8% to about 10% by weight of a first dry nonionic saponin, and about 78% to about 84% by weight of a second dry nonionic saponin. 83. The dry powdered composition of any one of embodiments 75-82, wherein the first dry and / or second dry non-ionic saponin comprises a triterpenoid saponin, a steroidal saponin, or a combination thereof. 84. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 83, wherein the triterpenoid saponin comprises a tetracyclic triterpenoid saponin, a pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin, or a combination thereof. 85. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 84, wherein the tetracyclic triterpenoid saponin comprises a cucurbitane, cycloartane, cycloartenol, dammarane, euphane, lanostane, or tirucallane. 86. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 84, wherein the pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin comprises enoxolone, hederagenin, hopane, lupane, maslinic acid, oleanane, ursane, or taraxasterane. 87. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 83, wherein the steroid saponin comprises diosgenin, eleutherosides, ginsenosides, sarsasapogenin, yamogenin, or any combination thereof. 88. The dry powdered composition of any one of embodiments 1-87, further comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of citric acid. 89. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 88, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 0.5% to about 1.5% by weight of citric acid. 90. The dry powdered composition of any one of embodiments 1-89, further comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of at least one preservative. 91. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 90, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of about 0.01% to about 2% by weight of the at least one preservative. 92. The dry powdered composition of embodiment 90 or 91, wherein the at least one preservative comprises sodium benzoate, imidazolidinyl urea, diazolidinyl urea, weight calcium chloride, citric acid, ascorbic acid, or tartaric acid, or any combination thereof. 93. The dry powdered composition of any one of embodiments 1-92, further comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of an antibacterial agent. 94. A kit comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of the dry powdered composition defined in any one of embodiments 1-93. 95. The kit according to embodiment 94, further comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of one or more solvents. 96. The kit according to embodiment 94 or 95, further comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of one or more diluents, one or more thickeners, one or more dispersing agents, one or more binders, one or more foaming agents, one or more stabilizing agents, one or more film-forming agents, and / or one or more preservatives. 97. The kit of any one of embodiments 94-96, further comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of one or more delivery or application systems, and / or instructions, and / or encapsulating carriers. 98. A method for controlling a pathogen of a plant disease, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of dissolving the dry powdered composition defined in any one of embodiments 1-97 with a solvent, thereby forming a liquid composition, and applying an effective amount of the liquid composition to one or more plants infested with a pathogen, and / or applying an effective amount of the liquid composition to one or more loci such that the pathogen is exposed to the liquid composition, wherein application of the liquid composition produces a detrimental effect on the pathogen sought to be controlled. 99. A method for increasing plant growth and / or crop production, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of dissolving the dry powdered composition defined in any one of embodiments 1-97 with a solvent, thereby forming a liquid composition, and applying an effective amount of said liquid composition to one or more plants and / or applying an effective amount of said liquid composition to one or more loci where said liquid composition is exposed to said one or more plants, wherein application of said liquid composition results in increased plant growth and / or increased crop production. 100. A method for maintaining or improving the efficiency of an irrigation system, comprising, consisting essentially of, or consisting of dissolving a dry powdered composition defined in any one of embodiments 1-97 with a solvent, thereby forming a liquid composition, and applying an effective amount of the liquid composition to one or more pipes in a pipeline network of the irrigation system, wherein applying the liquid composition dissolves, disperses, or otherwise removes biofilm blocking one or more tubes in the pipeline network of the irrigation system. 101. Use of the dry powdered composition defined in any one of embodiments 1-97 for controlling a plant disease, comprising dissolving the dry powdered composition with a solvent, thereby forming a liquid composition, and applying an effective amount of the liquid composition to one or more plants infested with a pathogen and / or to one or more loci such that the pathogen is exposed to the liquid composition, wherein application of the liquid composition produces a detrimental effect on the pathogen sought to be controlled. 102. Use of the dry powdered composition defined in any one of embodiments 1-97 for increasing plant growth and / or crop production, wherein the dry powdered composition is dissolved with a solvent, thereby forming a liquid composition, and an effective amount of the liquid composition is applied to one or more plants and / or to one or more locations where the liquid composition is exposed to the one or more plants, wherein application of the liquid composition results in increased plant growth and / or increased crop production. 103. Use of the dry powdered composition defined in any one of embodiments 1-97 for maintaining or improving the efficiency of an irrigation system, wherein the dry powdered composition is dissolved with a solvent, thereby forming a liquid composition, and an effective amount of the liquid composition is applied to one or more pipes in a pipeline network of the irrigation system, wherein application of the liquid composition dissolves, disperses, or otherwise removes biofilms clogging one or more tubes in the pipeline network of the irrigation system. 104. The dry powdered composition defined in any one of embodiments 1-97 for use in controlling a plant disease, wherein the dry powdered composition is dissolved with a solvent, thereby forming a liquid composition, and an effective amount of the liquid composition is applied to one or more plants infested with a pathogen and / or to one or more loci such that the pathogen is exposed to the liquid composition, wherein application of the liquid composition causes a detrimental effect on the pathogen to be controlled. 105. The dry powdered composition defined in any one of embodiments 1-97 for use in increasing plant growth and / or crop production, wherein the dry powdered composition is dissolved with a solvent, thereby forming a liquid composition, and an effective amount of the liquid composition is applied to one or more plants and / or to one or more locations where the liquid composition is exposed to the one or more plants, wherein application of the liquid composition results in increased plant growth and / or increased crop production. 106. The dry powdered composition defined in any one of embodiments 1-97 for use in maintaining or improving the efficiency of an irrigation system, wherein the dry powdered composition is dissolved with a solvent, thereby forming a liquid composition, and an effective amount of the liquid composition is applied to one or more pipes in a pipeline network of the irrigation system, wherein application of the liquid composition dissolves, disperses, or otherwise removes biofilms clogging one or more pipes in the pipeline network of the irrigation system. 107. The method of embodiments 98-100 or the use of embodiments 101-106, wherein the dry powdered composition is dissolved to form the liquid composition using a ratio of the dry powdered composition to the solvent of about 1:1 to about 1:500. 108. The method of embodiments 98-100 or 107 or the use of embodiments 101-107, wherein the dry powdered composition is dissolved to form the liquid composition using a ratio of the dry powdered composition to the solvent of about 1:10 to about 1:50. 109. The method of embodiments 98-100, 107 or 108 or the use of embodiments 101-108, wherein the dry powdered composition is dissolved to form the liquid composition using a ratio of the dry powdered composition to the solvent of about 1:25 to about 1:35. 110. The method of embodiments 98-100 or 107-109 or the use of embodiments 101-109, wherein the effective amount of the liquid composition has a final concentration of about 0.0001% to about 10%. 111. The method of embodiments 98-100 or 107-110 or the use of embodiments 101-110, wherein the effective amount of the liquid composition has a final concentration of about 0.01% to about 1%. 112. The method of embodiments 98-100 or 107-111 or the use of embodiments 101-111, wherein the effective amount of the liquid composition has a final concentration of about 0.1% to about 0.5%. 113. The method of embodiments 98-100 or 107-109 or the use of embodiments 101-109, wherein the effective amount of the liquid composition has a final concentration of from about 0.05 ppm to about 1,500 ppm. 114. The method according to embodiment 98-100, 107-109 or 113 or the use of embodiment 101-109 or 113, wherein the effective amount of the liquid composition has a final concentration of from about 0.5 ppm to about 500 ppm. 115. The method according to embodiment 98-100, 107-109, 113 or 114 or the use of embodiment 101-109, 113 or 114, wherein the effective amount of the liquid composition has a final concentration of from about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm. 116. The method of embodiment 98-100, 107-109 or 113-115 or the use of embodiment 101-109 or 113-115, wherein the effective amount of the liquid composition has a final concentration of from about 1 ppm to about 10 ppm. [Example]

[0149] The following non-limiting examples are provided for illustrative purposes only to facilitate a more complete understanding of representative embodiments presently contemplated, and should not be construed as limiting any of the embodiments described herein, including those relating to the compositions, or methods or uses disclosed herein.

[0150] Example 1 Preparation of dry powdered compositions This example illustrates an exemplary formulation of the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein. [Table 1] [Table 2] [Table 3] [Table 4] [Table 5] [Table 6] [Table 7] [Table 8] [Table 9]

[0151] Example 2 Preparation of dry powdered compositions This example illustrates an exemplary formulation of the dry powdered compositions disclosed herein.

[0152] To produce an exemplary batch size of 1000 kg of dry powdered composition, a powder blender, such as a rotor-stator or rotary drum mixer, was pretreated by spraying the interior surface of the blender with a 1% bleach solution, incubating for 10 minutes, and then wiping the surface. Next, 60 kg–150 kg of dried fermented microbial supernatant (final concentration: 6%–15%) and 5 kg–15 kg of citric acid (final concentration: 0.5%–1.5%) were added to the blender (see Tables 10–11), and the ingredients were blended until the mixture was uniform in color and appearance. To this mixture, 835 kg–935 kg of dried biosurfactant containing saponin extracted from Yucca schidigera (final concentration: 83.5%–93.5%) was added (see Tables 10–11), and blending was continued until the mixture was uniform in color and appearance. Dry powdered compositions produced according to this method have been found to be non-irritating to skin tissue, non-toxic, and can be stored in a cool location for several months without any discernible loss or deterioration of efficacy.

[0153] As a specific example of the above, Formulation PF57 was prepared by adding 92.0 kg (final concentration 9.2%) of TASTONE® 154 (dried fermented microbial supernatant) and 10.0 kg (final concentration 1%) of citric acid to a powder blender, and blending the ingredients until the mixture was uniform in color and appearance. To this mixture, 907.0 kg (final concentration 90.7%) of Yucca SD Powder (a dried biosurfactant containing saponin extracted from Yucca schidigera) was added, and blending continued until the mixture was uniform in color and appearance. The dry powdered composition of Formulation PF57 produced according to this method was found to be non-irritating and non-toxic to skin tissue and could be stored in a cool place for several months without discernible loss or deterioration of efficacy. [Table 10] [Table 11]

[0154] Example 3 Preparation of Liquid Compositions This example demonstrates an exemplary procedure for making the liquid compositions disclosed herein.

[0155] To prepare 1 L of an exemplary liquid composition disclosed herein, 30 g of an exemplary dry powdered composition coated with formulation PF3 described in Example 1 or formulation PF57 described in Example 2 is added to 1 L of water and mixed until the dry powdered composition is completely dissolved. This creates a 3% solution of the liquid composition using the dry powdered composition. The pH of the liquid composition can be checked and adjusted to 2.5-5.0 using any suitable acid, such as phosphoric acid.

[0156] Similar procedures can be used to prepare liquid compositions using any of the other formulations of the dry powdered composition listed in Tables 1-11. Additionally, the amount of dry powdered composition added to 1 L of water can also be varied. For example, 5 g to 500 g of the dry powdered composition can be added to 1 L of water to create a 0.5% to 50% solution of the liquid composition using the dry powdered composition.

[0157] Optionally, an anionic biosurfactant can be included in the liquid composition of this example at a final concentration of 2% to 8%. For example, STEPONOL® AM 30-KE, ammonium lauryl sulfate, STEPONOL® EHS, sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate, or a combination thereof can be added to the liquid composition.

[0158] Example 4 Grape Testing This example demonstrates the effect of the compositions disclosed herein on grape production in a vineyard.

[0159] Grapevines grown in a vineyard were divided into four groups. The control group included trees that were drip irrigated for one season with water (control) that did not contain the liquid composition disclosed herein. The treatment groups included trees that were drip irrigated for one season with water containing a 3% solution of the liquid composition described herein at a final concentration of 1 ppm, 2 ppm, or 4 ppm, as described in Example 3. The plants were evaluated monthly during the test period. Plant growth and fruit production were evaluated using whole plant physiology, berry chemistry, and quality perception.

[0160] Results showed that all three treatment groups showed significant improvements compared to the control group. For example, treatment groups showed improved whole-plant physiology based on increased stem water potential, increased gas exchange, increased leaf growth, and increased sap weight. Furthermore, analysis of berry chemistry showed decreased titratable acidity (<1 g / 100 mL) and increased total sugar content (24–26 Brix) at the end of the season compared to control berries. Furthermore, berries from all treatment groups showed significant increases in total anthocyanins and flavonols when measured as whole berry (2.1–2.3 mg / berry anthocyanin; 0.16–0.18 mg / berry flavonol), skin dry mass (20–25 mg / g anthocyanin; 1.6–1.9 mg / g flavonol), or pulp mass (1.6–2.2 mg / g anthocyanin; 0.11–0.16 mg / g flavonol). Treatments also showed significant increases in mean berry bunch weight of 0.121-0.176 kg (P<0.001) and tonnes / acre weight of 5.6-8.5 (P<0.001) compared with controls. Mycorrhizal colonization percentages of roots of 16%-27% (P=0.003) were also observed in treatments. Compositional analysis of wine produced from berries obtained from treatments also showed significant improvements compared with wine produced from berries obtained from controls. For example, color stability measurements such as color intensity from 7.11 to 12.79 (P<0.001), percent polymeric anthocyanins from 21.39 to 24.64 (P=0.002), and 3'5' / 3' anthocyanins from 12.83 to 20.77 (P<0.001) and percent methylated anthocyanins from 91.87 to 94.38 (P<0.001) were observed in the treatment groups. In summary, treatment of vineyards with the liquid compositions disclosed herein resulted in significantly higher yields of superior quality berries.

[0161] Similarly, experiments are performed as above, only treating plants with the liquid compositions described herein at final concentrations of 6 ppm, 8 ppm, and 10 ppm, as described in Example 3. Treatment of vineyards with these final concentrations of the liquid compositions disclosed herein is also expected to result in significantly higher yields of superior quality berries.

[0162] Example 5 Flower test This example demonstrates the effect of the compositions disclosed herein on plant growth and flower production.

[0163] Flowering plants (Pelargonium grandiflorum) were grown in soil in a greenhouse. During the experiment, each plant received water containing nutrients. The plants were divided into three groups. The control group contained plants drip irrigated with water containing nutrients but without the liquid composition disclosed herein. The remaining two groups were treatment groups: one was drip irrigated with water containing nutrients and a 3% solution of the liquid composition described herein, similar to that described in Example 3, at a final concentration of 0.5%; and the other was drip irrigated with water containing nutrients and a 3% solution of the liquid composition described herein, similar to that described in Example 3, at a final concentration of 0.25%. The plants were evaluated monthly over a six-month period. Plant growth and flower production were evaluated.

[0164] After 50 days, the treated plants showed significantly increased axillary bud number and growth (approximately 100% increase compared to control plants), increased color saturation, and increased mass and root system growth (approximately 100% increase compared to control plants). It was also observed that the treated plants showed increased resistance to adverse greenhouse conditions such as increased temperature, light, waterlogging, drought, and soil iC, as well as increased resistance to disease.

[0165] Similarly, experiments are performed as above, only treating plants with the liquid compositions described herein at final concentrations of 0.125%, 0.75%, and 1%, as described in Example 3. Treatment of flowering plants with these final concentrations of the liquid compositions disclosed herein is expected to result in significantly increased resistance to adverse greenhouse conditions such as increased temperature, light, watering, drought, and soil iC, as well as increased resistance to disease.

[0166] Similarly, for tomato, parsley, and eggplant, experiments are performed as above, only the plants are treated with the liquid compositions described herein at final concentrations of 4 ppm, 8 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 500 ppm, and 1,000 ppm, as described in Example 3. Treatment of flowering plants with these final concentrations of the liquid compositions disclosed herein is expected to result in significantly increased resistance to adverse greenhouse conditions, such as increased temperature, light, watering, drought, and soil iC, as well as increased resistance to disease.

[0167] Example 6 Tomato Test This example demonstrates the effect of the compositions disclosed herein on the growth and fruit production of tomato plants.

[0168] Tomato seedlings were grown in a greenhouse in soil composed of 40% sand and 60% organic compost. No fertilizer or urea was used, but cow manure was applied. The tomato seedlings were divided into three groups. The control group contained seedlings that were drip irrigated daily for six months with water (control) that did not contain the liquid composition disclosed herein. The other two groups were treatment groups that contained seedlings drip irrigated with water containing a 3% solution of the liquid composition at a final concentration of 0.25% or 0.5%, as described in Examples 2 and 3. The plants were evaluated monthly over a six-month period. Plant growth and fruit production were evaluated.

[0169] The results showed that both treatment groups showed significant improvements compared to the control group. For example, in both treatment groups, plants were stronger and more vigorous than the control group throughout the six-month period. Furthermore, the control group had a 30% mortality rate in this test, while plants in both treatment groups showed a 100% survival rate. Furthermore, plants in both treatment groups still flowered and produced fruit for five months, while the control group stopped flowering and produced no fruit after three months. Finally, the final yield of the crops in both treatment groups was more than twice that of the control group. For example, the control group produced 720 kg of tomatoes, while plants in either treatment group produced approximately 1,715 kg of tomatoes. Overall, significant benefits were observed when tomato plants were treated with the liquid composition disclosed herein at a final concentration of either 0.25% or 0.5%.

[0170] Similarly, experiments are performed as above, only treating tomato plants with the liquid compositions described herein at final concentrations of 0.125%, 0.75%, and 1%, as described in Example 3. Treatment of plants with the liquid compositions disclosed herein at these concentrations is expected to also result in a significant increase in yield.

[0171] Similarly, experiments are performed as above, only treating tomato plants with the liquid compositions described herein at final concentrations of 4 ppm, 8 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 500 ppm, and 1,000 ppm, as described in Example 3. Treatment of plants with the liquid compositions disclosed herein at these concentrations is expected to also result in significant increases in yield.

[0172] Example 7 Parsley test This example demonstrates the effect of the compositions disclosed herein on the growth of parsley plants.

[0173] Parsley seedlings were grown in a greenhouse in soil composed of 40% sand and 60% organic compost. No fertilizer or urea was used, but cow manure was applied. The parsley seedlings were divided into three groups. The control group contained seedlings that were drip irrigated daily for six months with water (control) that did not contain the liquid composition disclosed herein. The other two groups were treatment groups that contained seedlings drip irrigated with water containing a 3% solution of the liquid composition at a final concentration of 0.25% or 0.5%, as described in Examples 2 and 3. The plants were evaluated monthly over a six-month period. Plant growth was evaluated.

[0174] The results show that both treatment groups show significant improvement compared to the control group.For example, in both treatment groups, the parsley plants in the control group were harvested five times before reaching their full height, which indicates that the parsley plants in the treatment group grow stronger and more robust than the control group.In summary, significant benefits were observed when treating parsley plants with the liquid composition disclosed herein at a final concentration of either 0.25% or 0.5%.

[0175] Similarly, experiments are performed as above, only treating parsley plants with the liquid compositions described herein at final concentrations of 0.125%, 0.75%, and 1%, as described in Example 3. Treatment of plants with the liquid compositions disclosed herein at these concentrations is expected to also result in a significant increase in yield.

[0176] Similarly, experiments are performed as above, only treating parsley plants with the liquid compositions described herein at final concentrations of 4 ppm, 8 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 500 ppm, and 1,000 ppm, as described in Example 3. Treatment of plants with the liquid compositions disclosed herein at these concentrations is expected to also result in significant increases in yield.

[0177] Example 8 eggplant test This example demonstrates the effect of the compositions disclosed herein on eggplant growth.

[0178] Eggplant seedlings were grown in a greenhouse in soil composed of 40% sand and 60% organic compost. No fertilizer or urea was used, but cow manure was applied. The eggplant seedlings were divided into three groups. The control group contained seedlings that were drip irrigated daily for six months with water (control) that did not contain the liquid composition disclosed herein. The other two groups were treatment groups that contained seedlings drip irrigated with water containing a 3% solution of the liquid composition at a final concentration of 0.25% or 0.5%, as described in Examples 2 and 3. The plants were evaluated monthly over a six-month period. Plant growth was assessed.

[0179] The results showed that both treatment groups showed significant improvement compared to the control group. For example, both treatment groups were able to harvest 28% more eggplant than the control group. Overall, significant benefits were observed when eggplant plants were treated with the liquid composition disclosed herein using either 0.25% or 0.5% final concentration.

[0180] Similarly, experiments are performed as above, only treating eggplant plants with the liquid compositions described herein at final concentrations of 0.125%, 0.75%, and 1%, as described in Example 3. Treatment of plants with the liquid compositions disclosed herein at these concentrations is expected to also result in significant increases in yield.

[0181] Similarly, experiments are performed as above, only treating eggplant plants with the liquid compositions described herein at final concentrations of 4 ppm, 8 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 500 ppm, and 1,000 ppm, as described in Example 3. Treatment of plants with the liquid compositions disclosed herein at these concentrations is also expected to result in significant increases in yield.

[0182] Example 9 Olive Orchard Test This example demonstrates the effect of the compositions disclosed herein on olive tree growth, water use, fruit production, and oil quality and yield.

[0183] Olive trees grown in an orchard were divided into three groups. The control group contained trees that were drip irrigated for two seasons with water (control) that did not contain the liquid composition disclosed herein. The remaining two groups were treatment groups, similar to those described in Example 3, that contained trees that were drip irrigated for two seasons with a 3% solution of the liquid composition described herein at a final concentration of 1 ppm or 10 ppm. The plants were evaluated monthly during the study period. Tree growth, water use, fruit production, and oil quality were evaluated.

[0184] The results showed that both treatment groups showed significant improvements compared to the control group. For example, the treatment trees produced approximately 35% to 40% more olives than the control group. More surprisingly, the treatment trees produced fruit every year, compared to the control group, which produced fruit every other year. Finally, the taste of the oil, particularly the phenols, was enhanced, thus improving the taste or quality of the oil produced by the treatment trees compared to the control group.

[0185] Similarly, experiments will be conducted as above, only treating olive trees with the liquid compositions described herein at final concentrations of 2 ppm, 4 ppm, and 8 ppm, as described in Example 3. Treatment of trees with the liquid compositions disclosed herein at these concentrations is also expected to result in significant improvements in yield and oil quality.

[0186] Example 10 Walnut Orchard Trials This example demonstrates the effect of the compositions disclosed herein on walnut tree growth, water use, nut production, and oil quality and yield.

[0187] Walnut trees grown in an orchard were divided into seven groups. The control group included trees drip irrigated for one season with water (control) that did not contain the liquid composition disclosed herein. The remaining six groups were treatment groups, including trees drip irrigated for one season with a 3% solution of the liquid composition described herein at final concentrations of 1 ppm, 2 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm, 8 ppm, or 10 ppm, as described in Example 3. The plants were evaluated monthly during the test period. Tree growth, water usage, nut production, and oil quality were evaluated.

[0188] It is expected that the use of a 3% solution of the liquid composition will result in significantly increased tree growth and health, walnut and oil yield, and improved walnut oil properties, as well as significantly reduced water usage, compared to a control group treated with water without the liquid composition disclosed herein.

[0189] Example 11 Almond Orchard Trials This example demonstrates the effect of the compositions disclosed herein on almond tree growth, water use, nut production, and oil quality and yield.

[0190] Almond trees grown in an orchard were divided into seven groups. The control group included trees drip irrigated for one season with water (control) that did not contain the liquid composition disclosed herein. The remaining six groups were treatment groups, including trees drip irrigated for one season with a 3% solution of the liquid composition described herein at final concentrations of 1 ppm, 2 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm, 8 ppm, or 10 ppm, as described in Example 3. The plants were evaluated monthly during the test period. Tree growth, water usage, nut production, and oil quality were evaluated.

[0191] It is expected that the use of a 3% solution of the liquid composition will result in significantly increased tree growth and health, almond and oil yield, and improved almond oil properties, as well as significantly reduced water usage, compared to a control treated with water without the liquid composition disclosed herein.

[0192] Example 12 Tobacco Test This example demonstrates the effect of the compositions disclosed herein on tobacco plant growth and fruit production.

[0193] Tobacco seedlings were grown in a field. The tobacco seedlings were divided into two groups. The control group contained seedlings that were drip irrigated daily with distilled water (control) for six months. The treatment group contained seedlings that were drip irrigated with a 3% solution of the liquid composition described herein at a final concentration of 1 ppm to 10 ppm, as described in Example 3. The plants were evaluated monthly over a six-month period. Plant growth and fruit production were evaluated.

[0194] The results showed that the treatment groups showed significant improvements compared to the control group. For example, tobacco plants in the treatment groups showed approximately 40% to 50% greater growth compared to the control group. Furthermore, tobacco plants in the treatment groups showed greater root growth and better survival rates of seedlings.

[0195] Although the study was conducted in a greenhouse, similar results were observed with cannabis.

[0196] Example 13 Plant Disease Testing This example demonstrates the efficacy of the compositions disclosed herein for treating plant diseases caused by the pathogens disclosed herein.

[0197] Roses with leaf spot caused by a fungal infestation were treated with a 0.5% solution of the liquid composition described herein using a spray bottle, as described in Example 3. After 1-2 weeks, the fungal infestation was gone.

[0198] Olive trees with canker caused by fungal infestation were treated using a drip irrigation system with a 3% solution of the liquid composition described herein at a final concentration of 1 ppm to 10 ppm, as described in Example 3. Plants were evaluated weekly. The fungal infestation showed signs of reduction one week after treatment, and the canker was gone two weeks later.

[0199] In another test, olive trees with canker caused by bacterial infestation were treated with a 3% solution of the liquid composition described herein at final concentrations of 1 ppm to 10 ppm using a drip irrigation system, as described in Example 3. Plants were evaluated weekly. The bacterial infestation showed signs of reduction one week after treatment, and the canker was gone two weeks later.

[0200] Example 14 Irrigation Test This example demonstrates the effectiveness of the compositions disclosed herein in treating irrigation systems.

[0201] Habanero chilies were grown in soil in greenhouses. Each greenhouse contained 340 plants supplied with nutrient-containing water from an irrigation system. Each plant received 5 L of water containing 5 g of nutrients per day during the season. The greenhouses were divided into three groups. The control group was a greenhouse in which the irrigation system supplied the plants with water containing nutrients but not the liquid composition disclosed herein. The remaining two groups were treatment groups: one greenhouse in which the irrigation system supplied the plants with nutrient-containing water and a 3% solution of the liquid composition described herein at a final concentration of 2 ppm, as described in Example 3; and the other greenhouse in which the irrigation system supplied the plants with nutrient-containing water and a 3% solution of the liquid composition described herein at a final concentration of 4 ppm, as described in Example 3. The plants were evaluated monthly over a six-month period. Plant growth and fruit production, as well as irrigation system operation, were evaluated.

[0202] The results showed that the treatment groups showed significant improvements compared to the control group. For example, the chili produced from the treatment groups showed approximately 50% to 60% greater growth than the control group. Furthermore, the plants in the treatment groups produced 100% to 140% more fruit than the control group. For example, the total crop yield of the plants in the two treatment groups ranged from 25.1 kg to 30.4 kg of chili, while the control group produced only 12.5 kg of chili. Furthermore, when evaluating the irrigation system, no measurable amounts of microalgae were present in the treatment groups, and purging the system was not necessary. On the other hand, the irrigation system in the control group was saturated with microalgae, necessitating purging the system with an acidic solution to clean it.

[0203] Similarly, experiments are performed as above, only treating plants with the liquid compositions described herein at final concentrations of 6 ppm, 8 ppm, and 10 ppm, as described in Example 3. Treating vineyards with these final concentrations of the liquid compositions disclosed herein is expected to result in significantly higher yields of superior quality fruit, and also an irrigation system without measurable amounts of microalgae.

[0204] Finally, the foregoing description of embodiments of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. While aspects of the present invention have been emphasized by reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that these described embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles underlying the present invention. As such, the specific embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Accordingly, it should be understood that embodiments of the disclosed subject matter are in no way limited to the specific elements, compounds, compositions, ingredients, articles, devices, methods, uses, protocols, steps, and / or limitations described herein, unless expressly indicated as such.

[0205] Furthermore, groupings of alternative embodiments, elements, steps, and / or limitations of the invention are not to be construed as limitations. Each such grouping may be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with the other groupings disclosed herein. It is anticipated that one or more alternative embodiments, elements, steps, and / or limitations of a grouping may be included in, or deleted from, a grouping for reasons of convenience and / or patentability. When such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is deemed to contain the modified grouping and, therefore, satisfies the written description of all Markush groups used in the appended claims.

[0206] Moreover, those skilled in the art will recognize that certain changes, modifications, permutations, alterations, additions, subtractions, and subcombinations thereof can be made in accordance with the teachings herein without departing from the spirit of the specification. Moreover, it is intended that the following appended claims and the claims introduced below be interpreted to include all such changes, modifications, permutations, alterations, additions, subtractions, and subcombinations that are within their true spirit and scope. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is not limited to that precisely as shown and described herein.

[0207] Certain embodiments of this invention are described herein, including the best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention. Of course, variations on these described embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventors expect such variations to be utilized by those skilled in the art, and the inventors intend the invention to be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this invention includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Furthermore, this invention includes any combination of all possible variations of the above-described embodiments unless otherwise expressly stated herein or clearly contradicted by context.

[0208] The words, phrases, and terms used herein are intended to describe particular embodiments, elements, steps, and / or limitations only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, which is defined solely by the claims. Furthermore, such words, phrases, and terms are intended to be understood not only in terms of their commonly defined meanings, but also to include structures, materials, or acts that go beyond the scope of their commonly defined meanings, as defined specifically herein. Thus, if an element, step, or limitation can be understood in the context of this specification as including more than one meaning, its use in the claims should be understood as generic to all possible meanings supported by the specification and the word itself.

[0209] Accordingly, the definitions and meanings of elements, steps, or limitations set forth in the claims that follow are defined herein to include not only the literally recited combinations of elements, steps, or limitations, but also all equivalent structures, materials, or acts that perform substantially the same function in substantially the same way to achieve substantially the same result. It is therefore contemplated in this sense that any one of the elements, steps, or limitations of the claims that follow may be equivalently replaced with two or more elements, steps, or limitations, or that two or more elements, steps, or limitations of such claims may be replaced with a single element, step, or limitation. It is expressly understood that although elements, steps, or limitations may be described above as acting in a combination and may initially be claimed as such, one or more elements, steps, or limitations from a claimed combination may, in some cases, be excluded from that combination, and that the claimed combination may be directed to partial combinations or variations of partial combinations. Thus, notwithstanding the fact that elements, steps, and / or limitations of the claims are described below in particular combinations, the invention should be expressly understood to include other combinations of fewer, more, or different elements, steps, and / or limitations disclosed above, even if not originally claimed in such combinations. Moreover, all now-known or later-devised variations from the claimed subject matter that would appear to one of ordinary skill in the art are expressly contemplated as equivalents within the scope of the claims. Accordingly, obvious substitutions now known or later known to those of ordinary skill in the art are defined to be within the scope of the defined elements. The claims should therefore be understood to include what is specifically illustrated and described above, what is conceptually equivalent, what is obviously a substitute, and what inherently incorporates the essential concepts of the invention.

[0210] Unless otherwise specified, all numbers expressing properties, items, quantities, parameters, characteristics, terms, etc. used in the specification and claims should be understood to be modified in all instances by the term "about." As used herein, the term "about" means that the so-qualified property, item, quantity, parameter, characteristic, or term encompasses a range of plus or minus 10% above and below the value of the stated property, item, quantity, parameter, characteristic, or term. Thus, unless expressly stated to the contrary, numerical parameters set forth in this specification and the appended claims are approximations that may vary. For example, because mass spectrometry instruments can vary slightly in determining the mass of a given analyte, the term "about" in the context of the mass of an ion or the mass-to-charge ratio of an ion refers to + / - 0.50 atomic mass units. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical designation should be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and, at the very least, by applying ordinary rounding techniques.

[0211] Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and values ​​setting forth the broad scope of the invention are approximations, the numerical ranges and values ​​set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. However, any numerical range or value inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements. The recitation of numerical ranges of values ​​herein is merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range. Unless otherwise expressly stated herein, each individual value in a numerical range is incorporated herein as if it were individually recited herein.

[0212] The use of the terms "may" or "can" in connection with an embodiment or an aspect of an embodiment also has the alternative meaning of "may not" or "cannot." Thus, where the specification discloses that an embodiment or an aspect of an embodiment may or can be included as part of the inventive subject matter, a negative limitation or exclusionary condition is also expressly implied, meaning that the embodiment or aspect of the embodiment may not or cannot be included as part of the inventive subject matter. Similarly, the use of the term "optionally" in connection with an embodiment or an aspect of an embodiment means that such embodiment or aspect of the embodiment may or may not be included as part of the inventive subject matter. Whether such a negative limitation or exclusionary condition applies depends on whether the negative limitation or exclusionary condition is recited in the claimed subject matter.

[0213] As used in the context of describing the present invention (particularly in the context of the claims that follow), the terms "a," "an," "the," and similar referents should be construed to encompass both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise expressly stated herein or clearly contradicted by context. Furthermore, ordinal designations of identified elements, such as "first," "second," "third," etc., are used to distinguish elements and do not specify or imply a required or limited number of such elements, nor do they indicate a particular location or order of such elements, unless otherwise expressly stated. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order, unless otherwise expressly stated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples or exemplary language (e.g., "such as") provided herein is intended merely to better clarify the invention and does not limit the scope of the invention as otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention.

[0214] When used in the claims, whether as filed or added per amendment, the open-ended transitional term "comprising," its variations, e.g., "comprises," and equivalent open-ended transitional phrases, such as "including," "containing," and "having," encompass all explicitly recited elements, limitations, steps, integers, and / or features, either alone or in combination with unrecited subject matter, and while recited elements, limitations, steps, integers, and / or features are essential, unrecited elements, limitations, steps, integers, and / or features may be added and still form a structure within the scope of the claim. Certain embodiments disclosed herein may be further limited in the claims using the closed-ended transitional phrase "consisting of" or "consisting essentially of" (or variations thereof, e.g., "consist of," "consist essentially of," "consists essentially of," etc.) in place of or as a modification of "comprising." When used in the claims, whether as filed or added by amendment, the closed-ended transitional phrase "consisting of" excludes any element, limitation, step, integer, or feature not expressly recited in the claim. The closed-ended transitional phrase "consisting essentially of" limits the claim to the explicitly recited elements, limitations, steps, integers, and / or features and any other elements, limitations, steps, integers, and / or features that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed subject matter. Accordingly, the meaning of the open-ended transitional phrase "comprising" is defined to include all specifically recited elements, limitations, steps, and / or features, as well as any additional unspecified elements.The meaning of the closed-ended transitional phrase "consisting of" is defined to include only those elements, limitations, steps, integers, and / or features specifically recited in the claim, whereas the meaning of the closed-ended transitional phrase "consisting essentially of" is defined to include only those elements, limitations, steps, integers, and / or features specifically recited in the claim and those elements, limitations, steps, integers, and / or features that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed subject matter. Thus, the open-ended transitional phrase "comprising" (and its equivalent open-ended transitional phrases) includes, within its meaning, claimed subject matter defined by the closed-ended transitional phrases "consisting of" or "consisting essentially of," as the case may be. Thus, any embodiment described or claimed herein using the phrase "comprising" expressly and unambiguously provides explanation, enablement, and support for the phrases "consisting essentially of" and "consisting of."

[0215] Finally, all patents, patent publications, and other references cited and identified in this specification are individually and expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for the purpose of describing and disclosing, for example, the compositions and methodologies described in such publications that might be used in connection with the present invention. These publications are provided solely for their disclosure prior to the filing date of the present application. Nothing in this regard should be construed as an admission that the inventors are not entitled to antedate such disclosure by virtue of prior invention or for any other reason. All statements as to the date or contents of these documents are based on the information available to the applicant and do not constitute any admission as to the accuracy of the dates or contents of these documents.

Claims

1. 5% to 15% by weight of a dried fermented microbial supernatant containing bionutrients, minerals, and amino acids; and A dry powdered composition comprising 75% to 95% by weight of one or more non-ionic biosurfactants, A dry powdered composition that lacks active enzyme, activatable proenzyme, or any enzymatic activity.

2. 10. The dry powdered composition of claim 1, comprising 7% to 12% by weight of the dried fermented microbial supernatant.

3. 3. The dry powdered composition according to claim 1, comprising 8% to 10% by weight of the dried fermented microbial supernatant.

4. The dry powdered composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the processed fermented microorganism supernatant is a processed fermented yeast supernatant, a processed fermented bacterial supernatant, a processed fermented mold supernatant, or any combination thereof.

5. 5. The dry powdered composition of claim 1, comprising 6% to 14% by weight of dried processed fermented microbial supernatant and 80% to 95% by weight of one or more non-ionic biosurfactants.

6. 6. The dry powdered composition of claim 1, comprising 6% to 12% by weight of dried processed fermented microbial supernatant and 85% to 95% by weight of one or more non-ionic biosurfactants.

7. 7. The dry powdered composition of claim 1, comprising 7% to 11% by weight of dried processed fermented microbial supernatant and 87% to 93% by weight of one or more non-ionic biosurfactants.

8. 8. The dry powdered composition of claim 1, comprising 8% to 10% by weight of dried processed fermented microbial supernatant and 89% to 91% by weight of one or more non-ionic biosurfactants.

9. 5% to 15% by weight of dried processed fermented yeast supernatant containing bionutrients, minerals, and amino acids; 5% to 15% by weight of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant, and A dry powdered composition comprising 70% to 90% by weight of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant, A dry powdered composition that lacks any active enzyme, activatable proenzyme, or any enzymatic activity.

10. 10. The dry powdered composition of claim 9, comprising 6% to 14% by weight of the dried treated fermented yeast supernatant, 6% to 14% by weight of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant, and 72% to 88% by weight of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant.

11. 11. The dry powdered composition according to claim 9 or 10, comprising 6% to 12% by weight of the dried treated fermented yeast supernatant, 6% to 12% by weight of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant, and 74% to 88% by weight of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant.

12. 12. The dry powdered composition according to any one of claims 9 to 11, comprising 7% to 11% by weight of the dried treated fermented yeast supernatant, 7% to 11% by weight of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant, and 76% to 86% by weight of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant.

13. 13. The dry powdered composition according to any one of claims 9 to 12, comprising 8% to 10% by weight of the dried treated fermented yeast supernatant, 8% to 10% by weight of a first dry non-ionic biosurfactant, and 78% to 84% by weight of a second dry non-ionic biosurfactant.

14. 5% to 15% by weight of dried processed fermented yeast supernatant containing bionutrients, minerals, and amino acids; 5% to 15% by weight of a first dry nonionic saponin; and A dry powdered composition comprising 70% to 90% by weight of a second dry non-ionic saponin, A dry powdered composition that lacks any active enzyme, activatable proenzyme, or any enzymatic activity.

15. 15. The dry powdered composition of claim 14, comprising 6% to 14% by weight of the dried treated fermentation yeast supernatant, 6% to 14% by weight of a first dry non-ionic saponin, and 72% to 88% by weight of a second dry non-ionic saponin.

16. 16. The dry powdered composition of claim 14 or 15, comprising 6% to 12% by weight of the dried treated fermentation yeast supernatant, 6% to 12% by weight of a first dry non-ionic saponin, and 74% to 88% by weight of a second dry non-ionic saponin.

17. 17. The dry powdered composition of any one of claims 14 to 16, comprising 7% to 11% by weight of the dried treated fermentation yeast supernatant, 7% to 11% by weight of a first dry non-ionic saponin, and 76% to 86% by weight of a second dry non-ionic saponin.

18. 18. The dry powdered composition of any one of claims 14 to 17, comprising 8% to 10% by weight of the dried treated fermentation yeast supernatant, 8% to 10% by weight of a first dry non-ionic saponin, and 78% to 84% by weight of a second dry non-ionic saponin.

19. 19. The dry powdered composition of any one of claims 14 to 18, wherein the first dry and / or second dry non-ionic saponin comprises a triterpenoid saponin, a steroidal saponin, or a combination thereof.

20. 20. The dry powdered composition of claim 19, wherein the triterpenoid saponin comprises a tetracyclic triterpenoid saponin, a pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin, or a combination thereof.

21. 21. The dry powdered composition of claim 20, wherein the tetracyclic triterpenoid saponin comprises a cucurbitane, a cycloartane, a cycloartenol, a dammarane, a euphane, a lanostane, or a tirucallane.

22. 21. The dry powdered composition of claim 20, wherein the pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin comprises enoxolone, hederagenin, hopane, lupane, maslinic acid, oleanane, ursane, or taraxasterane.

23. 20. The dry powdered composition of claim 19, wherein the steroid saponin comprises diosgenin, eleutherosides, ginsenosides, sarsasapogenin, yamogenin, or any combination thereof.

24. 24. The dry powdered composition of any one of claims 1 to 23, further comprising citric acid.

25. 25. The dry powdered composition of claim 24, comprising 0.5% to 1.5% by weight of the citric acid.

26. 26. The dry powdered composition of any one of claims 1 to 25, further comprising at least one preservative.

27. 27. The dry powdered composition of claim 26, comprising 0.01% to 2% by weight of said at least one preservative.

28. A kit comprising a dry powdered composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 27 and one or more solvents.

29. 30. The kit of claim 28, further comprising one or more diluents, one or more thickeners, one or more dispersing agents, one or more binders, one or more foaming agents, one or more stabilizing agents, one or more film-forming agents and / or one or more preservatives.

30. 30. The kit of claim 28 or 29, further comprising one or more delivery or application systems, and / or instructions, and / or an encapsulating carrier.

31. A method for controlling pathogens of plant diseases, comprising: Dissolving the dry powdered composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 27 with a solvent, thereby forming a liquid composition; and A method comprising the step of applying an effective amount of the liquid composition to one or more plants infested with a pathogen, and / or the step of applying an effective amount of the liquid composition to one or more locations such that the pathogen is exposed to the liquid composition, wherein application of the liquid composition produces a detrimental effect on the pathogen sought to be controlled.

32. 1. A method for increasing plant growth and / or crop production, comprising: Dissolving the dry powdered composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 27 with a solvent, thereby forming a liquid composition; and A method comprising the step of applying an effective amount of the liquid composition to one or more plants and / or applying an effective amount of the liquid composition to one or more locations where the liquid composition is exposed to the one or more plants, wherein application of the liquid composition results in increased plant growth and / or increased crop production.

33. 1. A method of maintaining or improving the efficiency of an irrigation system, comprising: Dissolving the dry powdered composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 27 with a solvent, thereby forming a liquid composition; and The method includes applying an effective amount of the liquid composition to one or more pipes in a pipeline network of the irrigation system, wherein application of the liquid composition dissolves, disperses, or otherwise removes biofilm blocking one or more tubes in the pipeline network of the irrigation system.

34. 28. Use of a dry powdered composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 27 for controlling plant diseases, comprising dissolving said dry powdered composition with a solvent, thereby forming a liquid composition, and applying an effective amount of said liquid composition to one or more plants infested with a pathogen and / or to one or more loci such that the pathogen is exposed to said liquid composition, wherein application of said liquid composition produces a detrimental effect on said pathogen sought to be controlled.

35. 28. Use of the dry powdered composition defined in any one of claims 1 to 27 for increasing plant growth and / or crop production, wherein said dry powdered composition is dissolved with a solvent, thereby forming a liquid composition, and an effective amount of said liquid composition is applied to one or more plants and / or to one or more locations where said liquid composition is exposed to said one or more plants, wherein application of said liquid composition results in increased plant growth and / or increased crop production.

36. 28. Use of a dry powdered composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 27 for maintaining or improving the efficiency of an irrigation system, wherein the dry powdered composition is dissolved with a solvent, thereby forming a liquid composition, and an effective amount of the liquid composition is applied to one or more pipes in a pipeline network of the irrigation system, wherein application of the liquid composition dissolves, disperses or otherwise removes biofilm clogging one or more tubes in the pipeline network of the irrigation system.

37. 28. A dry powdered composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 27 for use in controlling plant diseases, comprising dissolving said dry powdered composition with a solvent, thereby forming a liquid composition, and applying an effective amount of said liquid composition to one or more plants infested with a pathogen and / or to one or more locations such that pathogens are exposed to said liquid composition, wherein application of said liquid composition produces a detrimental effect on said pathogens sought to be controlled.

38. 28. The dry powdered composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 27 for use in increasing plant growth and / or crop production, wherein said dry powdered composition is dissolved with a solvent, thereby forming a liquid composition, and an effective amount of said liquid composition is applied to one or more plants and / or to one or more locations where said liquid composition is exposed to said one or more plants, wherein application of said liquid composition results in increased plant growth and / or increased crop production.

39. 28. A dry powdered composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 27 for use in maintaining or improving the efficiency of an irrigation system, wherein the dry powdered composition is dissolved with a solvent to thereby form a liquid composition, and an effective amount of the liquid composition is applied to one or more pipes in a pipeline network of the irrigation system, wherein application of the liquid composition dissolves, disperses or otherwise removes biofilm clogging one or more pipes in the pipeline network of the irrigation system.

40. 37. The method of any one of claims 31 to 33 or the use of any one of claims 34 to 36, wherein a ratio of the dry powdered composition to the solvent of from 1:1 to 1:500 is used to dissolve the dry powdered composition to form the liquid composition.

41. 41. The method of any one of claims 31 to 33 or 40 or the use of any one of claims 34 to 36 or 40, wherein the effective amount of the liquid composition has a final concentration of 0.0001% to 10%.

42. 41. The method of any one of claims 31 to 33 or 40 or the use of any one of claims 34 to 36 or 40, wherein the effective amount of the liquid composition has a final concentration of from 0.05 ppm to 1,500 ppm.

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