fuel composition

Abstract

To disclose a fuel composition.SOLUTION: A fuel composition of one embodiment includes aluminosilicates and a palm kernel shell obtained by the steps of allowing an ingredient material in a hopper to fall to a first elevation conveyor belt, primarily removing a metal composition from the ingredient material while elevating the ingredient material having been fallen to the first elevation conveyor belt, allowing the ingredient material from which the metal composition has been primarily removed to fall to a second elevation conveyor belt, removing foreign matters by using a filter before the ingredient material from which the metal composition has been primarily removed reaches the second elevation conveyor belt, and secondarily removing a metal composition from the ingredient material while elevating the foreign matter-removed ingredient material. A ratio obtained by dividing a content of silicon dioxide in the aluminosilicates by a content of aluminum oxide is 0.78-1.58, and the aluminosilicates are blended with palm kernel shell at a rate of 3-5 pts.wt. per 100 pts.wt. of palm kernel shell.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a fuel composition. [Background technology]

[0002] Generally, a large amount of palm by-products are generated during the palm oil production process. The by-products generated during the palm oil extraction process are called palm kernel shells (PKS).

[0003] Most of these palm kernel shells have been incinerated or buried, but recently, research has been ongoing to reuse the waste palm kernel shells as fuel. In this regard, Korean Patent No. 10-1566489 discloses technology for a fluidized bed boiler control system that uses PKS as a mobile fuel.

[0004] However, when cultivating palm fruits on palm farms, large amounts of various fertilizers are used to increase yields, which can result in palm kernel shells containing large amounts of alkaline components such as potassium (K) and sodium (N).

[0005] When palm kernel shells are burned in a boiler, the alkaline components (e.g., K2O, Na2O) contained in the shells are released, which not only causes uneven combustion but also reacts with the ash in the furnace, coating the boiler's inner walls and potentially corroding metal surfaces, including the boiler's inner walls.

[0006] In addition, low-melting-point inorganic substances contained in palm kernel shells melt and flow during the combustion process of palm kernel shells, adhering to the inner walls and heat exchange parts of the boiler and causing slagging and fouling. This significantly reduces the boiler's thermal efficiency, interferes with the flow pattern inside the combustion furnace, and even causes serious damage to the inner walls of the boiler. Therefore, there is a need for the development of new technology that can improve on previous issues. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] The technical idea of ​​the present disclosure is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a technology that can reuse palm kernel shells as fuel, which have previously been incinerated or discarded.

[0008] Another object of the technical idea of ​​the present disclosure is to provide a technology that can improve thermal imbalance, slagging, fouling, and corrosion problems inside a boiler caused by specific components present in palm kernel shells when the palm kernel shells are burned.

[0009] The problems that the present disclosure aims to solve are not limited to those described above, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those having ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure pertains from the content described below. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] To achieve this object, in one embodiment of the present invention, a fuel composition includes palm kernel shells obtained by the steps of: dropping raw materials in a hopper onto a first ascending conveyor belt; primarily removing metal components from the raw materials while ascending the raw materials dropped onto the first ascending conveyor belt; dropping the raw materials from which the metal components have been primarily removed onto a second ascending conveyor belt; removing foreign matter from the raw materials from which the metal components have been primarily removed using a filter before the raw materials from which the metal components have been primarily removed reach the second ascending conveyor belt; and secondly removing metal components from the raw materials while ascending the raw materials from which the foreign matter has been removed; and an aluminosilicate, wherein the ratio of the silicon dioxide content contained in the aluminosilicate divided by the aluminum oxide content contained in the aluminosilicate is 0.78 to 1.58, and 3 to 5 parts by weight of the aluminosilicate is mixed with the palm kernel shells per 100 parts by weight of the palm kernel shells.

[0011] The aluminosilicate has a specific surface area of ​​100 to 180 m as measured according to the International Organization for Standardization ISO 9277:2010 standard. 2 / g.

[0012] Furthermore, the aluminosilicate may have a weight loss rate of 5% or less when heated from 400°C to 800°C.

[0013] Additionally, the aluminosilicate may be sprinkled onto and mixed with the palm kernel shells as they move on the third elevated conveyor belt.

[0014] In addition, immediately after the palm kernel shells are washed, the palm kernel shells may be mixed with the aluminosilicate and dried, thereby allowing the aluminosilicate to adhere to the surface of the palm kernel shells.

[0015] In order to achieve this object, as another embodiment of the present invention, a method for producing a fuel composition includes: a raw material dropping step of dropping raw materials in a hopper onto a first ascending conveyor belt; a primary metal separation step of primarily removing metal components from the raw materials while ascending the raw materials dropped onto the first ascending conveyor belt; a first transport step of dropping the raw materials from which metal components have been primarily removed onto a second ascending conveyor belt; a filtering step of removing foreign matter using a filter from the raw materials from which metal components have been primarily removed before they reach the second ascending conveyor belt; a secondary metal separation step of secondarily removing metal components from the raw materials while ascending the raw materials from which foreign matter has been removed; a washing step of washing palm kernel shells, which are the raw materials from which metal components have been secondarily removed; and a drying step of mixing the washed palm kernel shells with an aluminosilicate and drying the mixture to adhere the aluminosilicate to the surfaces of the palm kernel shells.

[0016] The above-described solutions to the problems are merely exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In addition to the exemplary embodiments described above, there may be additional embodiments as described in the drawings and detailed description of the invention. [Effects of the Invention]

[0017] As described above, according to various embodiments of the present invention, a fuel composition is produced using palm kernel shells and aluminosilicate, thereby producing an environmentally friendly fuel with excellent combustion efficiency.

[0018] Furthermore, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, when a fuel composition is produced using palm kernel shells, costs associated with waste disposal of palm kernel shells can be reduced.

[0019] Furthermore, according to various embodiments of the present invention, when palm kernel shells are burned, aluminosilicate reacts with specific components (e.g., potassium, sodium, chlorine, etc.) contained in the palm kernel shells to produce a high-melting-point substance, thereby improving thermal imbalance, slagging and fouling phenomena, and corrosion problems inside the boiler caused by the specific components present in the palm kernel shells.

[0020] In particular, when a fuel composition is produced using palm kernel shells, it is possible to reduce the cost of waste disposal of palm kernel shells, and when the palm kernel shells are burned, the alkaline components contained in the palm kernel shells are converted into high-melting point substances by aluminosilicates, which contributes to the complete combustion of the fuel and can prevent corrosion of metal surfaces, including the inner walls of boilers.

[0021] The effects of the various embodiments of the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the claims. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0022] [Figure 1] 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a fuel composition production apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a washing machine according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 3] 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a dryer according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] 1 is a flow chart that schematically illustrates a method for producing a fuel composition according to one embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] 3 is a flow chart that schematically illustrates a method for producing a fuel composition according to another embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0023] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, for the sake of brevity, the description of already known technical aspects will be omitted or simplified.

[0024] It should be noted that references herein to "one" or "an" embodiment of the present invention do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather to at least one.

[0025] In the following examples, terms such as "first" and "second" are not used to limit the scope of the invention but are used to distinguish one component from another.

[0026] In the following examples, singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0027] In the following examples, terms such as "include" or "have" mean that the features or components described in the specification are present, and do not preclude the possibility that one or more other features or components may be added.

[0028] When an embodiment can be implemented differently, the order of certain steps may be different from the order described. For example, two steps described in succession may be performed substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order from that described. That is, the steps of the methods described herein may be suitably performed in any order unless otherwise stated in the specification or clearly contradicted by the context.

[0029] <Fuel composition explanation> A fuel composition according to one embodiment may include palm kernel shells and aluminosilicate. In one embodiment, palm kernel shells can be obtained through multiple processes. FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an apparatus for producing a fuel composition according to one embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 1, raw materials from a hopper 100 are dropped onto a first ascending conveyor belt 200, and the raw materials dropped onto the first ascending conveyor belt 200 can be ascended by the first ascending conveyor belt 200. Here, the raw materials refer to palm kernel shells from which foreign matter and metal components have not been removed. As the raw materials ascend in the direction of movement of the first ascending conveyor belt 200, metal components can be initially removed from the raw materials by the magnetic force of a first metal separator 210 installed above the first ascending conveyor belt 200. The raw material from which metal components have been primarily removed is dropped toward the second ascending conveyor belt 300. Before reaching the second ascending conveyor belt 300, the raw material from which metal components have been primarily removed passes through a filter 400 located between the first ascending conveyor belt 200 and the second ascending conveyor belt 300, where foreign matter can be removed. The raw material from which foreign matter has been removed ascends in the direction of movement of the second ascending conveyor belt. During this process, the metal components can be secondarily removed from the raw material by the magnetic force of the second metal separator 310 installed above the second ascending conveyor belt 300. Palm kernel shells, which are the raw material from which metal components have been secondarily removed, can be mixed with aluminosilicate. For example, 3 to 5 parts by weight (e.g., 3, 4, or 5 parts by weight) of aluminosilicate can be mixed with 100 parts by weight of palm kernel shells. If the content of aluminosilicate is less than 3 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of palm kernel shell, it is difficult to effectively control the alkaline components released from the palm kernel shell when the palm kernel shell is burned, so it is preferable to apply the content of aluminosilicate to 3 parts by weight or more.

[0030] According to one embodiment, the palm kernel shells moving on the second ascending conveyor belt 300 are dropped in the direction of the third ascending conveyor belt 500, and as the palm kernel shells move on the third ascending conveyor belt 500, a spreader 510 provided above the third ascending conveyor belt 500 can spread aluminosilicate on the palm kernel shells to mix them with the palm kernel shells.

[0031] According to another embodiment, palm kernel shells can be placed in a washer together with a washing solution (e.g., water, a pH 5 acid solution, etc.) and washed for a certain period of time (e.g., 1 to 2 hours), and immediately after washing, the palm kernel shells can be placed in a dryer together with aluminosilicate. During the process in which the palm kernel shells are mixed with the aluminosilicate and dried in the dryer, the aluminosilicate can adhere to the surface of the palm kernel shells.

[0032] In this specification, aluminosilicate refers to a combination of alumina (Al2O3) and silica (SiO2). According to an embodiment, the aluminosilicate may have a structure in which the number of silicon (Si) atoms relative to aluminum (Al) atoms is 1 to 5.

[0033] In one embodiment, when palm kernel shells are burned, the aluminosilicate chemically reacts with the alkaline components contained in the palm kernel shells, thereby converting the alkaline components released from the palm kernel shells into at least one of kalsilite (KAlSiO4) and leucite (KAlSiO2).

[0034] In other words, when the palm kernel shells are burned, the alkaline components contained in them react with aluminosilicate and are converted into kalsilite, which has a melting point of 1600°C or higher, or into leucite, which has a melting point of 1500°C or higher. This improves the problems of slagging, fouling, and coagulation that occur when alkaline components melt in boilers.

[0035] According to one embodiment, the aluminosilicate may include silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide.

[0036] In one embodiment, the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate may be 20 to 60 parts by weight. Specific examples include 20 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 35 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 45 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight, 55 parts by weight, or 60 parts by weight. The content of aluminum oxide may be one or more of the above values ​​or less than one of the above values.

[0037] For example, the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate may range from 20 to 30 parts by weight, 30 to 40 parts by weight, 35 to 45 parts by weight, 40 to 50 parts by weight, or 20 to 60 parts by weight. The aluminum oxide according to one embodiment can effectively control the alkalinity of palm kernel shells within the above range.

[0038] If the aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate is outside the range of 20 to 60 parts by weight, it is not easy to effectively control the alkaline components released from the palm kernel shells when the palm kernel shells are burned.

[0039] In one embodiment, the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate may be 40 to 80 parts by weight. Specific examples of the content of silicon dioxide include 40 parts by weight, 45 parts by weight, 50 parts by weight, 55 parts by weight, 60 parts by weight, 65 parts by weight, 70 parts by weight, 75 parts by weight, and 80 parts by weight. The content of silicon dioxide may be one or more of the above values ​​or one or less of the above values.

[0040] For example, the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate may be 40 to 50 parts by weight, 50 to 60 parts by weight, 55 to 65 parts by weight, 60 to 70 parts by weight, 55 to 70 parts by weight, or 40 to 80 parts by weight. The silicon dioxide according to one embodiment can effectively control the alkaline components of palm kernel shells within this range. If the silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate is outside the range of 40 to 80 parts by weight, it is difficult to effectively control the alkaline components released from the palm kernel shells during combustion of the palm kernel shells.

[0041] According to one embodiment, the ratio of the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate divided by the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate may be 0.78 to 1.58. For example, if the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate is 48 parts by weight and the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate is 42 parts by weight, the ratio of the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate divided by the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate may be 1.14.

[0042] As a specific example, the ratio of the silicon dioxide content in the aluminosilicate divided by the aluminum oxide content in the aluminosilicate is 0.78, 0.79, 0.8, 0.81, 0.82, 0.84, 0.86, 0.88, 0.9, 0.91, 0.92, 0.93, 0.94, 0.95, 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.99, 1, 1.01, 1.02, 1.03, 1.04, 1.05, 1.06, 1.07, 1.08, 1.09, 1. The ratio of the silicon dioxide content in the aluminosilicate to the aluminum oxide content in the aluminosilicate may be 1, 1.11, 1.12, 1.13, 1.14, 1.15, 1.16, 1.17, 1.18, 1.19, 1.2, 1.21, 1.22, 1.23, 1.24, 1.25, 1.26, 1.27, 1.28, 1.29, 1.3, 1.31, 1.32, 1.34, 1.36, 1.38, 1.4, 1.42, 1.44, 1.46, 1.48, 1.5, 1.51, 1.52, 1.53, 1.54, 1.55, 1.56, 1.57, or 1.58. In addition, the ratio of the silicon dioxide content in the aluminosilicate to the aluminum oxide content in the aluminosilicate may be greater than or equal to one of the above values ​​and less than or equal to one of the above values.

[0043] For example, the ratio of the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate divided by the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate may be in the range of 0.78 to 1.2, 0.98 to 1.2, 0.9 to 1.2, 0.9 to 1.3, 1 to 1.2, 1 to 1.4, 1.18 to 1.58, 1.2 to 1.58, 1.38 to 1.58, or 0.78 to 1.58. When the content ratio of silicon dioxide to aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate is within this range, the aluminosilicate can react with the alkaline component of the palm kernel shell, thereby effectively suppressing slagging and fouling.

[0044] If the ratio of the silicon dioxide content in the aluminosilicate divided by the aluminum oxide content in the aluminosilicate is outside the range of 0.78 to 1.58, the efficiency of producing high-melting-point substances (e.g., kalsilite, leucite, etc.) by reacting with the alkaline components released from the palm kernel shells during combustion of the palm kernel shells decreases, making it difficult to prevent slagging and fouling.

[0045] According to one embodiment, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy can be used to determine the weight of silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate, and thus derive the ratio of the silicon dioxide content in the aluminosilicate divided by the aluminum oxide content in the aluminosilicate.

[0046] In one embodiment, the aluminosilicate has a specific surface area of ​​100 to 180 m as measured according to the International Organization for Standardization ISO 9277:2010 standard. 2 / g. As a specific example, the specific surface area of ​​the aluminosilicate can be 100 m 2 / g, 110m 2 / g, 120m 2 / g, 130m 2 / g, 140m 2 / g, 150m 2 / g, 160m 2 / g, 170m 2 / g or 180m 2 / g, and the specific surface area of ​​the aluminosilicate may be in the range of one or more of the above values ​​and one or less of the above values.

[0047] For example, the specific surface area of ​​aluminosilicates ranges from 100m 2 / g~140m 2 / g, 105m 2 / g~135m 2 / g, 110m 2 / g~130m 2 / g, 115m 2 / g~135m 2 / g, 120m 2 / g~150m2 / g, 125m 2 / g~145m 2 / g, 100m 2 / g~150m 2 / g or 100m 2 / g~180m 2 The upper limit of the specific surface area of ​​the aluminosilicate according to an embodiment is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 300 m 2 / g or less, 250m 2 / g or less, 200m 2 / g or less, 250m 2 / g or less, 200m 2 / g or less, 180m 2 / g or less or 150m 2 / g or less.

[0048] In one embodiment, the larger the specific surface area of ​​the aluminosilicate, the easier it is to adsorb alkali components (e.g., K2O, Na2O, etc.) and chlorides (e.g., KCl, HCl, etc.) generated during the combustion of palm kernel shells, and the more effectively it can suppress slagging, fouling, and corrosion. Suppose the specific surface area of ​​the aluminosilicate is 100m 2 If the concentration is less than 1 / g, the efficiency of physically adsorbing and capturing the alkaline components generated from palm kernel shells will decrease, making it impossible to adequately control slagging and fouling phenomena, and chlorides may adhere to the inside of the boiler, causing corrosion of metal parts.

[0049] In one embodiment, the average particle size of the aluminosilicate may be 20 to 500 μm. Specific examples of the average particle size of the aluminosilicate include 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, 300 μm, 400 μm, and 500 μm. Of course, the average particle size of the aluminosilicate may be adjusted depending on the combustion conditions.

[0050] Meanwhile, according to an embodiment, the aluminosilicate may have a weight loss rate of 5% or less, 4.5% or less, 4% or less, 3.5% or less, 3% or less, 2.5% or less, 2% or less, 1.5% or less, 1% or less, 0.9% or less, 0.8% or less, 0.7% or less, 0.6% or less, 0.5% or less, 0.4% or less, 0.3% or less, 0.2% or less, or 0.1% or less when heated from 400°C to 800°C. For example, when heated from 400°C to 800°C at a rate of 10°C per minute, the weight loss rate of the aluminosilicate may be 5% or less. Here, the weight loss rate of the aluminosilicate can be calculated using the following Equation 1:

[0051] [Number 1] Weight loss rate of aluminosilicate (%) = (AB) / A*100 (where A is the weight of the aluminosilicate at 400°C and B is the weight of the aluminosilicate at 800°C)

[0052] The lower limit of the weight loss rate of the aluminosilicate according to an embodiment is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0.001% or more, 0.01% or more, or 0.05% or more.

[0053] Unlike kaolin (e.g., kaolinite, halloysite, etc.), the aluminosilicate according to one embodiment does not contain crystal water within the aluminosilicate. Therefore, the phenomenon of the crystal water evaporating at high temperatures and reducing the total weight of the aluminosilicate hardly occurs, and the weight loss rate at 400 to 800°C is 5% or less.

[0054] In contrast, the specific surface area of ​​kaolin may become larger than that at room temperature as the water of crystallization contained within it evaporates at 400~800℃. However, the specific surface area of ​​kaolin does not increase until it reaches the temperature at which the water of crystallization evaporates, making it difficult to quickly adsorb and remove the alkaline components released from the palm kernel shell.

[0055] However, the aluminosilicate according to one embodiment does not contain crystal water inside, and even at 400 to 800°C, it has a specific surface area (e.g., 100 to 180 m) similar to that at room temperature (e.g., 20 to 25°C).2 / g), it can adsorb and remove alkaline components more quickly than kaolin.

[0056] The aluminosilicate according to an embodiment may further contain unavoidable impurities as the balance other than the content of aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide.

[0057] <Description of the method for producing the fuel composition> A fuel composition according to one embodiment can be produced by a fuel composition production apparatus 10. In one embodiment, the fuel composition production apparatus 10 can include a hopper 100, a first ascending conveyor belt 200, a first metal separator 210, a second ascending conveyor belt 300, a second metal separator 310, a filter 400, a third ascending conveyor belt 500, a spreader 510, a washer 600, and a dryer 700.

[0058] In one embodiment, the hopper 100 stores raw materials and can dump the raw materials therein downward. According to one embodiment, the first ascending conveyor belt 200 is a conveyor belt installed at a certain angle with respect to the ground. In one embodiment, the first metal separator 210 is installed above the first ascending conveyor belt 200 and can separate metal components from the raw materials on the first ascending conveyor belt 200. In one embodiment, the second ascending conveyor belt 300 is a conveyor belt installed at a certain angle with respect to the ground and can be installed below the first ascending conveyor belt 200. In one embodiment, the second metal separator 310 is installed above the second ascending conveyor belt 300 and can separate metal components from the raw materials on the second ascending conveyor belt 300.

[0059] In one embodiment, the filter 400 may be installed between the first ascending conveyor belt 200 and the second ascending conveyor belt 300. That is, the filter 400 may be installed in a space below the first ascending conveyor belt 200 and above the second ascending conveyor belt 300. Also, the filter 400 may be realized by a plurality of filters with different hole diameters.

[0060] In one embodiment, the filter 400 may include a first filter 410 and a second filter 420, each having a plurality of holes formed therein. The diameters of the holes in the first filter 410 and the second filter 420 may be different from each other, and the first filter 410 may be disposed above the second filter 420, with the diameter of the holes in the first filter 410 being larger than the diameter of the holes in the second filter 420.

[0061] In one embodiment, the third ascending conveyor belt 500 is a conveyor belt installed at a certain angle to the ground and can be installed below the second ascending conveyor belt 300. In one embodiment, a spreader 510 is installed above the third ascending conveyor belt 500 and can spread the aluminosilicate stored inside the spreader 510 downward. For example, the spreader 510 can spread the aluminosilicate at a rate of 1.7 g / sec.

[0062] 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a washer according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 2, a space capable of containing a cleaning liquid (e.g., water) may be formed inside the washer 600 according to an embodiment. The washer 600 may also include a conveyor belt 610 installed at a certain angle. According to an embodiment, the conveyor belt 610 is installed so that a portion of the conveyor belt 610 is immersed in the cleaning liquid, so that the palm kernel shells cleaned by the cleaning liquid can be easily transported to the outside of the washer 600 by moving in the direction of the conveyor belt 610.

[0063] According to one embodiment, the washer 600 is a device for washing palm kernel shells. By putting a washing solution and palm kernel shells into the washer 600 and washing them for a certain period of time, the alkaline components contained in the palm kernel shells can be removed to a certain extent or more.

[0064] In one embodiment, the time for washing palm kernel shells using the washer 600 may be 24 hours, taking into consideration the efficiency of removing alkaline components and productivity. If the washing time is less than 24 hours, it is difficult to sufficiently remove the alkaline components contained in the palm kernel shells, and if it exceeds 24 hours, the washing takes a long time, reducing the process efficiency and productivity. However, even if it exceeds 24 hours, the degree of removal of alkaline components is small, so washing for 24 hours is preferred.

[0065] 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a dryer according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 3, the dryer 700 according to the embodiment is an apparatus for attaching aluminosilicate to the surface of palm kernel shells while drying the washed palm kernel shells, and includes a main body 710, a stirring unit 720, and a heating unit 730.

[0066] In one embodiment, the main body 710 has an internal space capable of accommodating washed palm kernel shells, and an agitator 720 for mixing the palm kernel shells with the aluminosilicate may be provided inside the main body 710 in the longitudinal direction of the main body 710. In one embodiment, the agitator 720 may include an agitator shaft 721 installed horizontally to the ground, and a screw 722 wound helically around the outer periphery of the agitator shaft 721.

[0067] In one embodiment, the heating unit 730 may heat the main body 710 from below so that the inside of the main body 710 is maintained at a constant temperature (e.g., 100 to 120°C). According to one embodiment, the washed palm kernel shells are introduced into the main body 710 together with the aluminosilicate, and as the agitator shaft 721 rotates at a constant speed (e.g., 20 to 30 rpm), the palm kernel shells and the aluminosilicate are mixed for a certain period of time (e.g., 10 to 60 minutes) by moving along the screw 722. In particular, during the mixing process, the aluminosilicate particles adhere to the palm kernel shells whose surfaces are wet, and even after the drying process is completed, the aluminosilicate particles attached to the palm kernel shells do not easily separate and remain attached.

[0068] A method for producing a fuel composition according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in order for convenience with reference to FIGS. 1 and 4.

[0069] 1. Raw material input stage <s401>< / s401> In this stage, the raw material in the hopper 100 can be dropped onto the first ascending conveyor belt 200. In this stage, the raw material in the hopper 100 means palm kernel shells from which foreign matter and metal components have not been removed.

[0070] 2. Primary metal sorting stage <s402>< / s402> In this step, the raw materials dropped onto the first ascending conveyor belt 200 move upward while moving in the direction of movement of the first ascending conveyor belt 200, and metal components can be primarily removed from the raw materials by the magnetic force of the first metal separator 210 installed above the first ascending conveyor belt 200. The raw materials from which the metal components have been primarily removed can move to one end of the first ascending conveyor belt 200.

[0071] 3. First Transfer Phase <s403>< / s403> In this step, the raw material from which the metal components have been primarily removed in step S402 can be dropped onto the second ascending conveyor belt 300.

[0072] 4. Filtering stage <s404>< / s404> In this step, the raw material from which metal components have been primarily removed passes through a filter 400 disposed between the first ascending conveyor belt 200 and the second ascending conveyor belt 300 to remove foreign matter before reaching the second ascending conveyor belt 300. According to one embodiment, the raw material from which metal components have been primarily removed passes through a first filter 410 and a second filter 420, which have different hole diameters, in order to remove foreign matter.

[0073] 5. Secondary metal sorting stage <s405>< / s405> In this step, the raw material from which foreign matter has been removed in step S404 ascends in the direction of movement of the second ascending conveyor belt 300, and during this process, metal components can be secondarily removed from the raw material by the magnetic force of the second metal separator 310 installed above the second ascending conveyor belt 300. The raw material from which the metal components have been secondarily removed can move to one end of the second ascending conveyor belt 300.

[0074] 6. Second Transfer Phase <s406>< / s406> In this step, the raw material from which the metal components have been secondarily removed in step S405 can be dropped onto the third ascending conveyor belt 500.

[0075] 7. Mixing stage <s407>< / s407> At this stage, the palm kernel shells are moved by a third ascending conveyor belt 500, and a spreader 510 provided above the third ascending conveyor belt 500 can spread aluminosilicate onto the palm kernel shells to mix them with the palm kernel shells.

[0076] A method for producing a fuel composition according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 5. For convenience, the description will be given in order. Also, the description that overlaps with the method for producing a fuel composition according to the above-described embodiment will be simplified or omitted.

[0077] 1. Raw material input stage <s501>< / s501> At this stage, the raw materials that were inside the hopper 100 can be dumped onto the first ascending conveyor belt 200.

[0078] 2. Primary metal sorting stage <s502>< / s502> In this step, the raw materials dropped onto the first ascending conveyor belt 200 move upward while moving in the direction of movement of the first ascending conveyor belt 200, and metal components can be primarily removed from the raw materials by the magnetic force of the first metal separator 210 installed above the first ascending conveyor belt 200. The raw materials from which the metal components have been primarily removed can move to one end of the first ascending conveyor belt 200.

[0079] 3. First Transfer Phase <s503>< / s503> In this step, the raw material from which the metal components have been primarily removed in step S502 can be dropped onto the second ascending conveyor belt 300.

[0080] 4. Filtering stage <s504>< / s504> In this step, before the raw material from which metal components have been initially removed reaches the second ascending conveyor belt 300, it passes through the first filter 410 and the second filter 420 arranged between the first ascending conveyor belt 200 and the second ascending conveyor belt 300 in order to remove foreign matter.

[0081] 5. Secondary metal sorting stage <s505>< / s505> In this step, the raw material from which foreign matter has been removed in step S504 ascends in the direction of movement of the second ascending conveyor belt, and during this process, metal components can be secondarily removed from the raw material by the magnetic force of the second metal separator 310 installed above the second ascending conveyor belt 300. The raw material from which the metal components have been secondarily removed can move to one end of the second ascending conveyor belt 300.

[0082] 6. Cleaning stage <s506>< / s506> In this step, the palm kernel shells, which are the raw material from which the metal components have been secondarily removed in step S505, are put into the washer 600 together with a cleaning solution (e.g., water) and washed for a certain period of time, thereby removing a certain percentage or more of the alkaline components contained in the palm kernel shells.

[0083] 7. Drying stage <s507>< / s507> In this step, the palm kernel shells with the cleaning solution on their surfaces are put into the main body 710 of the dryer 700 together with the aluminosilicate, and the agitator shaft 721 is rotated at a constant speed, whereby the palm kernel shells and the aluminosilicate are mixed together while rotating along the screw 722. Also, in this step, the heater 730 heats the main body 710 to dry the palm kernel shells.

[0084] In this step, when the palm kernel shells and aluminosilicate are mixed, the aluminosilicate particles adhere to the palm kernel shells whose surfaces are wet, and even after the drying process is completed, the aluminosilicate particles attached to the palm kernel shells are not easily separated and can remain attached.

[0085] According to one embodiment, at this stage, the agitator shaft 721 can rotate at a speed of 20 to 30 rpm. If the agitator shaft 721 rotates at a speed less than 20 rpm, the palm kernel shells and the aluminosilicate may not be mixed uniformly, and if the agitator shaft 721 rotates at a speed exceeding 30 rpm, the aluminosilicate may not adhere to the surface of the palm kernel shells, and even if it does adhere, it may be easily removed.

[0086] Also, in this stage, the internal temperature of the main body 710 can be maintained at 100 to 120. If the internal temperature of the main body 710 is less than 100, it is difficult to adjust the moisture content of the palm kernel shells (i.e., the proportion of moisture contained in the palm kernel shells), and if it exceeds 120, the cleaning solution on the surface of the palm kernel shells evaporates quickly, making it difficult for aluminosilicate to adhere to the surface of the palm kernel shells.

[0087] At this stage, the time for drying the palm kernel shell and aluminosilicate inside the main body 710 can be 10 to 60 minutes. If the drying time is less than 10 minutes, the moisture content of the palm kernel shell will exceed 10%, making it unsuitable for use as fuel, and if the drying time exceeds 60 minutes, it may be difficult to adhere a sufficient amount of aluminosilicate to the surface of the palm kernel shell.

[0088] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to specific examples and experimental examples. The following examples and experimental examples are merely illustrative examples to aid in understanding the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0089] Preparation of fuel compositions according to examples and comparative examples <Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2> The raw material in the hopper was dropped onto the first ascending conveyor belt, which was then operated to raise the raw material while the metal components contained in the raw material were initially removed using the first metal separator. The raw material from which the metal components had been initially removed was then dropped onto the second ascending conveyor belt, and the raw material from which the metal components had been initially removed was passed sequentially through a first filter (hole diameter 50 mm) and a second filter (hole diameter 20 mm) to remove foreign matter. As the raw material from which the foreign matter had been removed ascended on the second ascending conveyor belt, the second metal separator 310 performed a second removal of metal components, and the raw material, palm kernel shells from which the metal components had been subsequently removed, was dropped onto the third ascending conveyor belt 500. Thereafter, while the palm kernel shells were moving on the third ascending conveyor belt 500, aluminosilicate was sprinkled onto the palm kernel shells at a rate of 3g of aluminosilicate per 100g of palm kernel shells.

[0090] The weights of silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide of the aluminosilicates of the Examples and Comparative Examples, which were added to the mixer during the production of the black pellets used in the production of the fuel composition, were measured using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (Rigaku ZSX Primus II), and the ratios obtained by dividing the silicon dioxide content in the aluminosilicate by the aluminum oxide content in the aluminosilicate were calculated and are shown in Table 1 below.

[0091] [Table 1]

[0092] Slagging and fouling suppression experiments for fuel compositions in Examples and Comparative Examples <Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2> The slagging and fouling suppression performance of the fuel compositions of the Examples and Comparative Examples was compared by burning them in a pilot test machine modeled after a circulating fluidized bed boiler used in thermal power plants. The fuel compositions were fed into the test machine at a rate of 2.5 kg / hr for three hours, and the average temperatures of the combustion furnace and measurement load cell were maintained at 850°C and 600°C, respectively, during the pilot test. After the test was completed, the weight change of the load cell was measured to determine the weight of the slagging and fouling formed on the surface of the load cell (i.e., the alkali components contained in the palm kernel shells that melted and solidified on the surface of the load cell together with ash particles). The results are shown in Table 2.

[0093] [Table 2]

[0094] Referring to Table 2, it can be seen that the fuel compositions according to Examples 1 to 5, in which the ratio of the silicon dioxide content contained in the aluminosilicate divided by the aluminum oxide content contained in the aluminosilicate was within the range of 0.78 to 1.58, experienced relatively less slagging and fouling than those according to Comparative Examples 1 and 2. That is, when the fuel compositions according to Examples 1 to 5 are burned, the aluminosilicate effectively controls the alkaline components contained in the palm kernel shells, thereby suppressing the occurrence of slagging and fouling, and preventing the alkaline components from reacting with chlorine to form chlorides, thereby preventing chlorides from adhering to the inner walls and metal parts of the boiler and causing corrosion.

[0095] Specific surface area measurement by BET method <Examples 1 to 5> 0.1 g of the aluminosilicate sample used in each example was pretreated at 100°C to remove surface water from the sample. The specific surface area of ​​each sample was then measured three times using a MicrotracBEL BELSORP-max II instrument in accordance with the standard analytical method ISO 9277:2010, and the average values ​​are shown in Table 3 below.

[0096] [Table 3]

[0097] Weight loss rate measurement <Examples 1 to 5> 200 mg of an aluminosilicate sample used in each example was placed in a thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimeter (TA Instruments SDT Q600) and heated from room temperature (25°C) to 1,000°C at a rate of 10°C per minute. The weight of the aluminosilicate was measured at 400°C and 800°C. The weight loss rate for each sample was calculated using Equation 1 above, and the results are shown in Table 4 below.

[0098] [Table 4]

[0099] Production of cone-shaped samples for examples and comparative examples <Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2> The fuel compositions prepared in the examples and comparative examples were calcined at 550°C to produce ash in accordance with ISO 18122 Solid biofuels. The prepared ash samples were placed in a conical mold and pressurized at 20 MPa for 2 minutes to produce conical samples in the examples and comparative examples.

[0100] High temperature stability experiment <Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2> In order to confirm the stability of the conical samples manufactured for each of the Examples and Comparative Examples at high temperatures, an experiment was carried out based on the ash fusibility test method (ISO 540 Determination of fusibility of ash), and the results are shown in Table 5 below.

[0101] [Table 5]

[0102] Table 5 shows photographs of the shape of each cone-shaped sample as a function of temperature, and the temperature at which deformation of each sample begins to occur. Referring to the meltability experiment results in Table 5, it can be seen that Examples 1 to 5 all had heat distortion temperatures of 1,000°C or higher, confirming their stability at high temperatures. In contrast, Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were found to have undergone heat distortion at temperatures below 1,000°C. Since Comparative Examples 1 and 2 had heat distortion temperatures below 1,000°C, it can be seen that when the fuel compositions of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are burned, they may melt in a section of a circulating fluidized bed boiler in a thermal power plant, generating clinker (i.e., slagging or fouling may occur).

[0103] Experiment on alkaline component removal efficiency depending on cleaning time <Examples 6 to 10 and Comparative Example 3> The raw material from the hopper was dropped onto the first ascending conveyor belt, which was then operated to raise the raw material, while the metal components contained within the raw material were initially removed using the first metal separator. The raw material from which the metal components had been initially removed was then dropped onto the second ascending conveyor belt, and the raw material from which the metal components had been initially removed was passed sequentially through the first filter (hole diameter 50 mm) and the second filter (hole diameter 20 mm) to remove foreign matter. The raw material from which the foreign matter had been removed was then raised using the second ascending conveyor belt, where the metal components were subsequently removed using the second metal separator. 1 kg of palm kernel shells, the raw material from which the metal components had been subsequently removed, was then placed into a washer along with water, and the palm kernel shells were left to soak in water for the periods listed in Table 6. After washing of each palm kernel shell was completed, 100 g of palm kernel shell was taken out, air-dried for 24 hours, and pulverized. The pulverized material was analyzed using an X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy device (Rigaku ZSX Primus II) to measure the concentration of the alkaline component (potassium) contained in the palm kernel shell, and the results are shown in Table 6 below.

[0104] [Table 6]

[0105] Referring to Table 6, when the washing time is 24 hours, the concentration of alkaline components contained in the palm kernel shells can be reduced to a level close to 600 ppm, and when the washing time exceeds 24 hours, the degree of removal of alkaline components contained in the palm kernel shells rapidly decreases.

[0106] Additional production of fuel compositions for Examples and Comparative Examples <Examples 11 to 13 and Comparative Examples 4 to 5> The raw material inside the hopper was dropped onto the first ascending conveyor belt, which was then operated to raise the raw material, while the metal components contained within the raw material were initially removed using the first metal separator. The raw material from which the metal components had been initially removed was then dropped onto the second ascending conveyor belt, and the raw material from which the metal components had been initially removed was passed sequentially through the first filter (hole diameter 50 mm) and the second filter (hole diameter 20 mm) to remove foreign matter. The raw material from which the foreign matter had been removed was then raised by the second ascending conveyor belt, where the metal components were subsequently removed using the second metal separator. The palm kernel shells, which were then the raw material from which the metal components had been subsequently removed, were then placed into a washer with water and left to stand for 24 hours to wash the palm kernel shells. Immediately after the washing was completed, 1000 g of palm kernel shells with water on the surface were mixed with 30 g of aluminosilicate (aluminosilicate from Example 3) and placed in the main body of the dryer and dried for the time shown in Table 7 below. The internal temperature of the main body was maintained at 100°C while the palm kernel shells and aluminosilicate were drying, and after the drying time was completed, the production of the fuel composition was completed.

[0107] [Table 7]

[0108] Measurement of aluminosilicate release rate depending on drying time during the drying stage The moisture content of each fuel composition of Examples 11-13 and Comparative Examples 4-5 was measured using a moisture content meter. A moisture content of 10% or less was evaluated as good, and a moisture content of more than 10% was evaluated as poor. The results are shown in Table 8 below. To determine whether the aluminosilicate separated from the palm kernel shell due to vibration during vehicle transport, each fuel composition of Examples 11-13 and Comparative Examples 4-5 was placed in a container, loaded onto a vehicle, and driven 10 km on a paved road at a speed of 20 km / hr. After the drive, the state of the fuel composition in the container was confirmed, and the release rate of the aluminosilicate separated from the palm kernel shell was calculated using Equation 2 below, and the results are shown in Table 8 below.

[0109] [Number 2] Aluminosilicate detachment rate (%) = (30-D) / 30*100 (D is the weight of aluminosilicate still attached to the palm kernel shell after the run)

[0110] [Table 8]

[0111] Referring to Table 8, Examples 11 to 13, in which the drying time was in the range of 10 to 60 minutes, had a good moisture content of the palm kernel shells and a release rate of aluminosilicate of less than 50%, making them suitable for combustion as fuel compositions and reducing the risk of the palm kernel shells and aluminosilicate separating from each other during fuel transportation. On the other hand, Comparative Example 4, in which the drying time was less than 10 minutes, had a good moisture content and was unsuitable as fuel. Comparative Example 5, in which the drying time was more than 60 minutes, had a good moisture content but a release rate of aluminosilicate of more than 50%, causing the palm kernel shells and aluminosilicate to separate during fuel transportation. This makes it difficult to efficiently control slagging and fouling when burning the fuel composition of Comparative Example 5.

[0112] Further preparation of comparative fuel compositions <Comparative Examples 6 to 8> The raw material in the hopper was dropped onto the first ascending conveyor belt, which was then operated to raise the raw material, while the metal components contained in the raw material were primarily removed using the first metal separator. The raw material from which the metal components had been primarily removed was then dropped onto the second ascending conveyor belt, and the raw material from which the metal components had been primarily removed was passed sequentially through a first filter (hole diameter 50 mm) and a second filter (hole diameter 20 mm) to remove impurities. As the raw material from which the impurities had been removed ascended on the second ascending conveyor belt, the metal components were secondarily removed using the second metal separator. The palm kernel shells, which were the raw material from which the metal components had been secondarily removed, were then mixed with an aluminosilicate (the aluminosilicate of Example 3) to prepare a fuel composition. The contents of the palm kernel shells and aluminosilicate are shown in Table 9 below.

[0113] [Table 9]

[0114] Measurement of aluminosilicate release rate in Comparative Examples 6 to 8 To investigate whether aluminosilicates are separated from palm kernel shells due to vibration during vehicle transport of the fuel compositions, each of the fuel compositions according to Comparative Examples 6 to 8 was placed in a container, which was then loaded onto a vehicle and driven 10 km on a paved road at a speed of 20 km / hr. After the drive, the state of the fuel composition in the container was confirmed, and the release rate of aluminosilicates separated from the palm kernel shells was calculated using Equation 2 described above, and the results are shown in Table 10 below.

[0115] [Table 10]

[0116] Referring to Table 10, in the case of the fuel compositions of Comparative Examples 6 to 8, which did not undergo a washing and drying step, the aluminosilicate release rate during transportation exceeded 90%, making it difficult to effectively control slagging and fouling phenomena even when the fuel compositions were burned.

[0117] As described above, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, palm kernel shells are used to produce a fuel composition, thereby producing an environmentally friendly fuel with excellent combustion efficiency.

[0118] Furthermore, various embodiments of the present disclosure can reduce costs associated with waste disposal of palm kernel shells.

[0119] Furthermore, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, when palm kernel shells are burned, aluminosilicate reacts with specific components (e.g., potassium, sodium, chlorine, etc.) contained in the palm kernel shells to produce a substance with a high melting point, thereby improving thermal imbalance, slagging, fouling, and corrosion problems inside the boiler caused by the specific components present in the palm kernel shells.

[0120] In particular, when the fuel composition is burned, the alkaline components contained in the palm kernel shells are converted into high-melting-point substances by the aluminosilicate, which contributes to the complete combustion of the fuel and can prevent corrosion of metal surfaces, including the inner walls of the boiler, by chlorides.

[0121] Furthermore, according to various embodiments of the present invention, slagging and fouling caused by alkaline components can be suppressed by controlling the alkaline components contained in palm kernel shells without using kaolin.

[0122] Furthermore, according to various embodiments of the present invention, the aluminosilicate mixed with palm kernel shells has a small weight loss rate at high temperatures, making it easy to set the amount of aluminosilicate to be added, and since the loss due to ignition loss is small, the alkalinity can be controlled even with a relatively small amount compared to kaolin.

[0123] Furthermore, according to various embodiments of the present invention, since the aluminosilicate does not contain water of crystallization, it can be melted at room temperature for 100 to 180 m without heat treatment at a high temperature of 400 to 800°C. 2 The specific surface area of ​​the palm kernel shell can be maintained at about 1000mJ / g, and the large specific surface area can physically adsorb and remove alkaline components (e.g., K, Na, KO, NaO, etc.) that are melted and released during the combustion of palm kernel shells, thereby preventing slagging and fouling.

[0124] If the aluminosilicate contains water of crystallization, the specific surface area of ​​the aluminosilicate can be increased only by removing the water of crystallization through heat treatment at high temperature. However, according to various embodiments of the present invention, the specific surface area of ​​the aluminosilicate is high even without the need to separately remove the water of crystallization, which has the advantage that the alkalinity can be controlled by a rapid adsorption reaction when the palm kernel shell is burned.

[0125] Furthermore, various embodiments of the present invention are economical because a separate adhesive is not required to attach aluminosilicate to palm kernel shells, and the aluminosilicate particles remain attached to the surface of the palm kernel shells, reducing the risk of the aluminosilicate particles separating from the palm kernel shells during transportation of the fuel composition. Therefore, when the fuel composition is burned, the content of the palm kernel shells and the aluminosilicate to be burned can be maintained at a certain ratio or more, resulting in excellent combustion efficiency.

[0126] In addition, when water is used as a cleaning solution in the cleaning step according to various embodiments of the present invention, costs can be reduced compared to cleaning with an acidic or basic solution, and additional cleaning steps can be reduced compared to cleaning with an acidic or basic solution, thereby simplifying the process.

[0127] In addition, when an acid solution (e.g., sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, etc.) having a pH level of 5 is used as a cleaning solution in the cleaning step according to various embodiments of the present invention, an additional cleaning process for adjusting the pH can be reduced.

[0128] As described above, the specific description of the present invention has been disclosed based on the embodiments, but the above-mentioned embodiments merely describe preferred examples of the present invention, and therefore the present invention should not be understood as being limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and the scope of the present invention should be understood as the scope of the claims described below and their equivalent concepts. [Explanation of symbols]

[0129] 10 Fuel composition manufacturing equipment 100 Hopper 200 First Ascending Conveyor Belt 210 No. 1 Metal Sorting Machine 300 Second ascending conveyor belt 310 Second Metal Sorting Machine 400 filters 410 1st filter 420 2nd filter 500 3rd Elevation Conveyor Belt 510 Spreader 600 washing machine 610 Conveyor Belt 700 Dryer 710 Main body 720 Mixing section 721 Agitator shaft 722 Screw 730 Heating section

Claims

1. a step of dropping raw materials in a hopper onto a first ascending conveyor belt; a step of primarily removing metal components from the raw materials while ascending the raw materials dropped onto the first ascending conveyor belt; a step of dropping the raw materials from which the metal components have been primarily removed onto a second ascending conveyor belt; a step of removing foreign matter using a filter from the raw materials from which the metal components have been primarily removed before they reach the second ascending conveyor belt; and a step of secondarily removing metal components from the raw materials while ascending the raw materials from which the foreign matter has been removed, thereby obtaining palm kernel shells; washing the palm kernel shells; and Immediately after the palm kernel shells are washed, the palm kernel shells are mixed with 3 to 5 parts by weight of aluminosilicate per 100 parts by weight of the palm kernel shells, and the mixture is dried to adhere the aluminosilicate to the surface of the palm kernel shells; Including, a weight ratio of the content of silicon dioxide contained in the aluminosilicate divided by the content of aluminum oxide contained in the aluminosilicate is 0.78 to 1.58; A method for producing a fuel composition.

2. The aluminosilicate has a specific surface area of ​​100 to 180 m as measured according to the International Organization for Standardization ISO 9277:2010 standard. 2 2. The method for producing the fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the % by mass of the fuel composition is 0.15 wt. / g.

3. 2. The method for producing a fuel composition according to claim 1, wherein the aluminosilicate exhibits a weight loss rate of 5% or less when heated from 400°C to 800°C.

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