213 results about "Methanogenesis" patented technology

Processes for biogenic production of a hydrogen-carbon-containing fluid from a hydrocarbon containing formation are described. The processes may include providing in the formation an anaerobic microorganism consortium containing one or more enzymes to activate a starting hydrocarbon by an addition of a chemical group to the hydrocarbon. The processes may further include converting the activated hydrocarbon into the hydrogen-carbon-containing fluid through one or more intermediate hydrocarbons, and recovering the hydrogen-carbon-containing fluid from the formation.

The invention provides a method for producing biogas through high-solid two-phase three-stage anaerobic digestion by using perishable organic wastes, which comprises the following steps: the perishable organic wastes are hydrolyzed in a hydrolysis acidogenic reactor, and a mixture obtained after hydrolysis is acidified to generate a large number of organic acid products with low molecular weight; the bottom of the hydrolysis acidogenic reactor is communicated with the bottom of a methanogenic reactor through a circulation pump and a pipeline; the top of the methanogenic reactor is communicated with the top of the hydrolysis acidogenic reactor; and the acetic acid producing reaction is carried out in the methanogenic reactor and the methane producing reaction is continuously carried out. The invention can separate the hydrolysis acidogenic process from the acetic acid and methane producing process in the anaerobic digestion process so as to prevent organic acids generated by the perishable organic wastes from inhibiting methanogenesis. The device has simple processing procedure, low cost, easy maintenance and stable and reliable performance, is suitable for anaerobic digestion treatment of various perishable organic wastes, and has highly efficient and stable biogas production capacity of the perishable organic wastes through the anaerobic digestion.

The present invention relates to the field of degradation with hyperthermophilic organisms, and in particular to the use of hyperthermophilic degradation to produce heat and energy rich components including hydrogen and ethanol from a biomass. In some embodiments, a biomass is fermented in the presence of hyperthermophilic organisms to produce heat. The heat is used to heat a liquid which is used directly in a heat pump or radiant heat or to produce electricity or drive a steam turbine. In some embodiments, acetate is utilized as a substrate to produce energy by methanogenesis.

The invention discloses a rapid culture method of simultaneous desulfidation and denitrogenation granular sludge. The method is characterized in that an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor is adopted, anaerobic ammoxidation granular sludge and methanogenesis granular sludge are adopted as inoculation sludge, model wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen is adopted as inlet water, and the method comprises the following steps: adding sulfide into the model wastewater, adding inorganic salts and trace elements for maintaining the growth of microbes, gradually improving the concentrations of matrixes in the inlet water and/or shortening the hydraulic retention time in order to adjust the running of the reactor, and culturing under anaerobic and shady conditions at 30-37DEG C under the pH value of the inlet water of 7.5-8.0. The sludge obtained in the invention has the advantages of obvious granularity, strong impact resistance, high processing efficiency, saving of the occupied are through cooperating with a UASB reactor, simplification of the desulfidation and denitrogenation process, and low investment and running cost, and is suitable for treating wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and sulfides of the light industry, the pharmacy industry, the oil refining industry and the leather making industry.

The invention relates to a method for utilizing nano ferroferric oxide for improving the activity of anaerobic digestion methanogens and methanogenesis efficiency. The method aims at solving the problems that in the prior art, the addition concentration of Fe2+/Fe3+ is hard to control, negative ion inhibition is caused, bioavailability is low, the chemical property is unstable, and cost is high. The method comprises the steps that short chain fatty acid salt is adopted as an electron donor, amine salt is adopted as a nitrogen source, phosphate is adopted as a phosphorus source, system basicity is maintained, and under the culture condition of continuous flow anaerobic fermentation, anaerobic mixed granule sludge is separated, and mixed seed sludge is obtained; the short chain fatty acid salt is adopted as the electron donor, the amine salt is adopted as the nitrogen source, the phosphate is adopted as the phosphorus source, the system basicity is maintained, the nano ferroferric oxide is adopted as an iron ion donor, the mixed seed sludge is adopted as inoculation sludge, and culturing is carried out under the static anaerobic fermentation condition. The method is used for improving the activity of the anaerobic digestion methanogens and the methanogenesis efficiency.

Disclosed is a method of manipulating the rate of gastrointestinal transit in a mammalian subject Also disclosed is the use, in the manufacture of a medicamens for the treatment of constipation, of a selective inhibitor of methanogensis, a methanogen-displacing probiotic agent, or a prebiotic agent that inhibits the growth of methanogenic bacteria or promotes the growth of competing non-methanogenic intestinal flora. Alternatively, in accordance with the invention, is disclosed the use in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of diarrhea, of methane, or a methane precursor, a methanogenic or other methane-enhancing probiotic agent, or a methanogenesis-enhancing prebiotic agent.

The invention relates to a sludge treatment method and process of synchronously generating electricity and methane by using excess sludge by a microbial fuel cell. The process mainly comprises anaerobic digestion of sludge and microbial electrogenesis. The operating method comprises the following steps: first, concentrating the excess sludge; mixing with anaerobic digested sludge; adjusting the pH value to an appropriate value; then, adding into an anode chamber of the microbial fuel cell; and controlling mixing and temperature of the mixed sludge in the anode chamber for anaerobic digestion and electrogenesis. The method provided by the invention is simple in process, simple and convenient to operate and control and low in operating cost and energy consumption and can generate electricity and methane by sludge. The output voltage of sludge electrogenesis is improved by 0.02-0.10V compared with that under the condition of just electrogenesis, the electrogenesis power is improved by 10-20%, and the methanogenesis is not affected and even improved by 5-10%. The residual organic matters in sludge after treatment can be reduced by 20-30% compared with those after conventional anaerobic digestion. Therefore, the sludge resource utilization and reduction efficiency are improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection and relates to a method for improving the methanogenesis of residual sludge by heat and alkali combined pretreatment. According to the method, after the residual sludge is thermally pretreated, the dissolving in water of organic matters such as protein and polysaccharide in the residual sludge can be improved significantly so that abundant water-soluble organic matrixes can be provided for the fermentation of the sludge and the generation of acids; and in addition, after the residual sludge is pretreated under the initial alkaline condition, the dissolving and the dehydrating of the sludge can be promoted further and short chain fatty acids can be produced continuously. Therefore, the residual sludge dehydrating efficiency and the acid generating efficiency can be improved greatly by the combination of thermal pretreatment and the initial alkaline condition so that the yield of methane can be increased to the maximum extent.

The invention relates to a printing and dyeing wastewater pretreatment method based on an anoxic zone phase separation technology. According to the printing and dyeing wastewater pretreatment method, an anoxic zone is divided into a phase I and a phase II, namely a phase for hydrogen production and acid production through fermentation and a methanogenesis phase; an electron donor is provided by organic matters in the wastewater, and dye is effectively decolored in the phase I by using a sulfate reducing process and the reducing capacity of reduzate, namely the sulfide, therefore the biodegradability of the wastewater is improved; and the organic matters can be efficiently removed in the phase II. As an anoxic phase transformation technology in the printing and dyeing wastewater treatment course, the printing and dyeing wastewater pretreatment method is used for providing a two-phase anoxic system and carrying out pretreatment on the printing and dyeing wastewater; the chromaticity and the COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) removal rates can be effectively increased, the biodegradability of the wastewater can be greatly improved, and the defects that a traditional anoxic process is instable in treatment effect, large in sludge yield and the like are overcome. The printing and dyeing wastewater pretreatment method can be used for effectively removing chromaticity and COD in the printing and dyeing wastewater, the removal rates of the chromaticity and the COD respectively reach more than 95 percent and 60 percent, and the organic loading to subsequent procedures is greatly reduced.

The present invention concerns the reduction of gastro-intestinal methanogenesis in ruminants with the aid of agents that compete for the hydrogen atoms required by methanogens during normal fermentation of ingested feed. The invention in one aspect resides in the findings that both nitrate reductive pathways as well as sulphate reductive pathways outcompete gastro-intestinal methanogenesis in ruminants and, that the methanogenesis reducing effects of nitrate and sulphate are completely additive. At the same time the combined administration of nitrate and sulphate was found to be fully effective to avoid or mitigate the potential problems of nitrite intoxication normally encountered when using nitrate alone, which effect is further enhanced, where necessary, by the addition of a nitrite reducing probiotic micoroorganism. Hence, products are provided comprising high amounts of a combination of a nitrate compound and a sulphate compound and optionally a nitrite reducing probiotic microorganism, as well as methods of reducing gastro-intestinal methanogenesis in ruminants using such compositions.

The invention discloses a biological enzyme treating agent of industrial sewage. The biological enzyme treating agent is characterized by comprising, by weight, 10 parts to 18 parts of oxidation-reduction enzymes, 10 parts to 15 parts of cellulose, 5 parts to 8 parts of protease, 5 parts to 8 parts of laccase, 6 parts to 8 parts of methanogenesis brevibacterium, 6 parts to 8 parts of nitrococcus, 0.5 parts to 1.5 parts of bamboo juice, and the balance water. According to the biological agents conduct disposing on sewage of printing and dyeing mills and similar industries through a biological catalysis technology which has a biological degradation function, foul smell can be dispelled greatly so as to degrade liquid pollutants rapidly and reduce the size of solid substances, polluted substances can be purified rapidly, treatment effect is good, operating cost of sewage treatment can be reduced greatly, the purified water is stable in water quality, the biological enzyme treating agent of the industrial sewage is energy-saving, efficient and capable of treating pollution, and has notable economical benefits and environmental benefits.

The invention relates to a combined device for synchronous denitrification and methanogenesis as well as autotrophic nitrogen removal of landfill leachate and a method thereof. The device is provided with an integrated water tank, a synchronous denitrification and methanogenesis reactor, an A/O shortcut nitrification reactor, a settling tank, and an anaerobic ammoxidation reactor. A mixed solution of stock leachate and an effluent reflux liquid of the anaerobic ammoxidation reactor firstly flows into the synchronous denitrification and methanogenesis reactor, the effluent of which then flows into the A/O reactor for shortcut nitrification and denitrification, and the effluent of the settling tank flows into the anaerobic ammoxidation reactor. The outlet pipe of the synchronous denitrification and methanogenesis reactor is connected to the anaerobic ammoxidation reactor. The method consists of the steps of: starting the synchronous denitrification and methanogenesis reactor, starting the A/O shortcut nitrification reactor, starting the anaerobic ammoxidation reactor, and bringing the three reactors into series operation. The device of the invention is suitable for removal of COD (chemical oxygen demand) and nitrogen from early and medium term landfill leachate of landfills, and has obvious advantages of energy saving and consumption reducing.

The invention discloses a method for increasing methane yield by preprocessing rice straw through rumen microorganisms, and belongs to the fields of biotechnologies and renewable energy. The method includes the steps of filtering fresh rumen fluid, storing filtrate at a certain temperature, mixing rice straw powder with a nutrient solution according to a certain proportion, inoculating rumen fluid of a certain proportion, placing the mixed fluid in a constant-temperature oscillation water bath kettle, conducting anaerobic cultivation at a certain temperature and a certain rotating speed, conducting rumen microorganism preprocessing, inoculating a certain proportion of anaerobic digestion inoculated sludge containing methanogens in the fermentation liquid after preprocessing ends, and conducting anaerobic digestion methanogenesis at a certain anaerobic digestion temperature and within the initial pH range. The rice straw biomass material is preprocessed through rumen microorganisms, hydrolytic acidification of the raw material is promoted, the high methane yield is obtained, and the reaction time is shortened; meanwhile, pressure for processing wastewater of slaughter houses on sewage treatment plants is relieved. Compared with the contrast group (not preprocessed), the methane yield is increased by 55.4-87.3%, the anaerobic digestion time is shortened by 3-10 days, the degradation rate of cellulose is increased by 20.3-33.6%, and the degradation rate of semi-cellulose is increased by 15.6-25.7%.

The invention discloses an efficient two-phase anaerobic fermentation device. The efficient two-phase anaerobic fermentation device comprises a hydrolysis acid production reactor, a high-temperature hydrolysis device and at least one methanogenesis reactor, wherein a bottom percolate storage chamber of the hydrolysis acid production reactor is connected with the bottom of the methanogenesis reactor; the lower part of the hydrolysis acid production reactor is provided with a cavity stainless cone-shaped bracket with holes; the bottom of the cone-shaped bracket is connected with the high-temperature hydrolysis device; the methanogenesis reactor is provided with an upper discharge hole and a lower discharge hole; the upper discharge hole and a feed inlet form a self-circulation pipeline; the lower discharge hole of the hydrolysis acid production reactor is connected with a rotary sprayer; the high-temperature hydrolysis device is used for receiving large particle solid separated by the cone-shaped bracket; and solid-liquid separation is carried out by a biogas residue press filter at the outlet. The device is simple in manufacturing procedure, reasonable in structure, easy in maintenance, high in fermentation efficiency and stable and reliable in performance, is suitable for anaerobic digestion of organic wastes, and meets the large-scale production requirement.

The invention belongs to the field of biomass energy sources and relates to a method for improving anaerobic methanogenesis efficiency by using nano magnetite. The method takes a short-chain fatty acid as an electron donor and the nano magnetite is used as an electron carrier; under an anaerobic fermentation cultivation condition, the short-chain fatty acid is degraded so as to improve syntrophic oxidization methanogenesis efficiency of the system. With the adoption of the method, the energy source utilization efficiency of the short-chain fatty acid can be obviously improved. The method has important meanings on the improvement of the operation efficiency of a methanogenesis reactor and also has good economic benefits.

The invention discloses a method for improving anaerobic digestion performance of excess activated sludge. The method comprises the steps: adding inoculated sludge and excess activated sludge into a reactor according to a volume ratio of 1 to 3, and adding distilled water into the reactor for dilution until the total solid concentration of the mixed sludge is 15.00g/L, the total volatile solid concentration is 9.54g/L and the total chemical oxygen demand is 1383gmg/L; adjusting the pH value of the mixed sludge to be 7.0+/-0.2; then adding 1-30g/L rusted waste scrap iron and 1-5g/L magnesium chloride, and introducing N2; finally placing the reactor into a water bath constant-temperature oscillator, and continuing reaction for 30 days, wherein the revolving speed is 150rmp, the reaction temperature is 35 DEG C. According to the method, the rusted waste scrap iron and the magnesium chloride are added into the mixed sludge to enhance the anaerobic digestion methanogenesis performance of the excess activated sludge and improve the recovery rate of a phosphorus element.

The invention discloses a method for methanogenesis through anaerobic sludge digestion fortified by zero-valent nano-iron and belongs to the technical field of solid waste resource recovery. Firstly, pH of anaerobic digestion sludge is regulated to be 6.8-7.2; the sludge is placed in an anaerobic reaction flask under the protection of N2, N2 is introduced till ORP is smaller than -300 mV, zero-valent nano-iron is added at the same time, the concentration of zero-valent nano-iron is made to be 100-1000 mg/L, the anaerobic reaction flask is placed in a shaking table for anaerobic digestion, the rotating speed of the shaking table is set to be 150-180 rpm, anaerobic digestion reaction lasts 15-20 days, the concentration of methane in the gas phase is measured along the way with the gas chromatographic method, methane gas output is measured with the vapor equilibration method, and then the volume of methane is obtained through calculation. According to the method, input of extract energy is not needed, and use amount is smaller and cost performance ratio is higher compared with ordinary iron powder. The method is suitable for anaerobic digestion sludge and excess sludge.

The invention discloses a device and a method for domestic sewage treatment. The method includes the steps of precipitation digestion, anaerobic reaction, aerobic biological degradation and reprecipitation. The anaerobic reaction performed segmentally includes a hydrolytic acidification segment and two methanogenesis segments, so that different microorganisms give full play to pollutant degradation capabilities in respective suitable environemts, particularly, corresponding spatial environments are provided for different methanogens, and conditions are created for respective advantage growth. In the aerobic biological degradation step, biological membranes are attached to thin-layer water to contact with air sufficiently, and absorption of oxygen in the air is strengthened. During large sewage quantity, the aerobic biological membranes contact with the air and sewage alternately; and during small sewage quantity, the thin-layer water on the surfaces of the biological membranes contacts with the air continuously. Compared with the prior art, the device for domestic sewage treatment has the advantages of optimized spatial arrangement of function units, compact structure, good sewage treatment effect, no energy consumption, avoidance of personnel operation, high process space utilization rate and occupied area saving.