165 results about "Milk yield" patented technology

The invention discloses a whole-genome low-density chip for breeding high-yield and long-life characters of dairy cows and application of the whole-genome low-density chip. The invention firstly discloses a whole-genome low-density chip for breeding the high-yield and long-life character of the dairy cow, the whole-genome low-density chip comprises 10000 SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) loci, ARS-UCD1.2 is used as a reference genome, and the information of the 10000 SNP loci is shown in a table 6. The invention further discloses application of the whole-genome low-density chip. The 10,000 SNP loci contained in the whole genome low-density chip are uniformly distributed on chromosomes, cover the whole genome and important character loci, can effectively improve the longevity and the accuracy of milk yield breeding, and can be applied to gene screening, gene positioning, marker-assisted breeding and the like. In addition, the detection cost of the low-density chip is greatly reduced, and the low-density chip is more suitable for commercialized dairy farms and has important significance on dairy cow breeding and dairy cow group improvement.

The invention discloses an SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) molecular marker related to lactation traits of buffalo and application of the SNP molecular marker, the SNP molecular marker is located at the 51st basic group of Chr1166691407, the SNP molecular marker is G or T, and the nucleotide sequence of the Chr1166691407 is shown as SEQ ID NO.1. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the SNP molecular marker related to the lactation traits of buffalo and application of the SNP molecular marker related to the lactation traits of buffalo. The SNP molecular marker which is most related to the peak milk yield of the buffalo is obtained by means of DNA extraction and sequencing, genome comparison, whole genome association analysis and the like, and the peak milk yield of the GG type buffalo is superior to that of buffalo with other genotypes by researching the remarkable association between the genotype of the SNP molecular marker and the peak milk yield of the buffalo; the method is applied to auxiliary breeding of buffalo strains or varieties with the peak milk yield characteristic, so that the breeding period is shortened, the breeding efficiency is improved, and the buffalo produced by the bred buffalo with the peak milk yield characteristic can be greatly improved.

The invention discloses a composite microecological preparation as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The compound microecological preparation disclosed by the invention comprises lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum and saccharomyces cerevisiae. The application effect of the composite microecological preparation in cow breeding is remarkable, the optimal addition amount of the composite microecological preparation is 100 mL / cow / day, the production performance of lactating cows can be improved, the milk yield is improved by 3.30 kg / cow / day, the milk yield of 4% standard milk is improved by 3.78 kg / cow / day, the total protein is improved by 15.9%, the albumin is improved by 14.7%, the globulin is improved by 16.5%, and the somatic cell number is reduced by 52.6%; and pollutant emission can be reduced, including 37.2% of ammonia emission reduction and 28.7% of carbon dioxide emission reduction.

The invention provides a preparation method of a milk goat total mixed ration containing fresh oat grass, and the method comprises the following steps: preparing a first fermentation product from peanut straw, soybean meal and wheat bran, then carrying out mixed fermentation on the first fermentation product and corn straw to prepare a second fermentation product, and mixing the second fermentation product with other components containing the fresh oat grass to prepare the milk goat total mixed ration. The milk goat total mixed ration provided by the invention can improve the milk yield of milk goats or improve the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids in goat milk.

The invention discloses an SNP molecular marker for increasing the milk yield of Holstein cattle and application of the SNP molecular marker, the SNP molecular marker is located at a mutation site of a Holstein cattle genome Leptin gene, the gene number of the Leptin gene in an NCBI database is NC037333.1, the SNP molecular marker is located at the 1761th basic group of a cDNA sequence of the Leptin gene, and the mutation basic group is A or G. When the basic group of the SNP molecular marker is A, the genotype is AA or AG, and the milk fat rate and the milk protein rate of Holstein cow milk production are high; when the basic group of the SNP molecular marker is G, the genotype is GG, the milk yield of Holstein cattle in 305 days is high, and the milk quality is not obviously reduced. The marker is applied to genetic improvement of dairy cows, and the frequency of dominant alleles can be improved generation by generation by selecting individuals carrying the dominant alleles, so that the lactation performance of the dairy cows is effectively improved, the breeding efficiency is optimized, and the competitive advantage in the field of dairy cow breeding is enhanced.

The invention discloses a closed drying and fresh air fermentation combined type cow dung treatment system, the cow dung treatment system comprises cow dung drying equipment and cow dung fermentation equipment, the cow dung drying equipment dries cow dung through hot air drying, and wet and hot air in the cow dung drying equipment circulates through a closed drying system; the closed drying system comprises a dust removal device, a heat exchange device and a heat pump device; the heat exchange device is further connected with a fresh air circulation system. The fresh air circulation system comprises a fresh air supply device, a return air adjusting device and an exhaust air adjusting device. The cow dung fermentation equipment is used for fermenting cow dung by using the fresh air treated by the fresh air circulation system. According to the cow dung treatment system, energy of all parts is fully utilized, and energy input and consumption are reduced to the maximum extent. The cow dung treated by the system is used as bedding for the cow in bed, so that the mastitis morbidity of the cow can be effectively reduced, and the milk yield of the cow is improved.

This invention belongs to the field of dairy farming technology and discloses a method for detecting abnormal milk yield in dairy cows based on big data analysis. The method includes the following steps: constructing big data for dairy cow health monitoring and big data for detecting abnormal milk yield; constructing training sample sets for dairy cow health monitoring and abnormal milk yield detection; constructing dairy cow health monitoring models and abnormal milk yield detection models; collecting real-time dairy cow health monitoring data and real-time abnormal milk yield detection data for target dairy cows; performing dairy cow health monitoring; performing abnormal milk yield detection to obtain real-time abnormal milk yield detection results for the target dairy cows; and visualizing the abnormal milk yield detection results. This invention solves the problems of high labor costs, poor accuracy, and low practicality in existing technologies.

The invention provides an antibiotic-free dry milk composition which comprises an effective amount of chitosan and baicalein, and further comprises a greasy carrier, a suspending aid, a wetting agent and an antioxidant. The dry milk composition disclosed by the invention has the effects of promoting dry cow mammary tissue repair, inhibiting milk secretion and enhancing milk region immunity, and can accelerate mammary epithelium renewal and reduce milk yield so as to reduce internal milk pressure; the synergistic effect is achieved in the aspects of promoting the antioxidant activity and inhibiting the sensitivity of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and the like to drugs; the milk leakage rate of the dairy cows in the dry period can be obviously reduced, and the milk drying effect is obvious, especially the early-stage milk drying effect is obvious.

Compositions, such as animal feed compositions, for reducing methane emissions and / or for inhibiting one or more methanogens (i.e. Methanogens) are described. The use of the compositions for reducing methane emissions from an animal, such as a ruminant, for inhibiting methane production by one or more methanogens in the animal, and / or for increasing milk yield and / or weight gain in the animal, and related methods are described.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a 5k liquid phase chip for cattle variety and paternity test. Based on original genome data of cattle varieties in the target cattle variety set and the amplified cattle variety set, position information of genome SNP sites of all the varieties is obtained, and then sites with variety specificity or high genetic stability are screened through Delta and FST value methods; and classifying varieties by combining a machine learning classification model to obtain a specific site combination meeting requirements as a target SNP site combination. The obtained SNP site combination can achieve 100% identification accuracy when variety identification is carried out on a target variety, and efficient, low-cost, large-scale and automatic variety and paternity identification is realized; the production type of the detected cattle can be effectively judged, a pasture can be better assisted to select the cattle for both dairy and meat, the overall milk yield and the milk quality are increased, and the income is increased.

The invention relates to the field of biotechnology, in particular to the selection of farm animals, and can be used on breeding farms in the selection of Kazakh horses for milk productivity. In a method that includes the evaluation of animals by type and origin, by live weight and body measurements - height at the withers, oblique length of the body, chest girth, pastern girth, by the exterior and milk yield of mares, where a preliminary assessment of animals is carried out at 3.5 years, while fillies and colts are selected by live weight and body measurements, finally selected for breeding adult mares with a live weight of 500 kg, with a cup-shaped or rounded udder, with conical or cylindrical teats, directed vertically downwards, with a daily yield of commercial milk in the third month of lactation of 5.5 kg, and stallions with a live weight of 520 kg, with body measurements: height at withers - 143 cm, oblique body length - 152 cm, chest girth - 180 cm, metacarpus girth - 22.0 cm.

The invention provides a method and a system for recording, judging and correcting daily milk yield abnormal data of dairy cows and application of the method and the system in breeding, and relates to the technical field of dairy cow milk yield evaluation. Comprising the following steps: acquiring milk cow lactation historical data, including a measured daily lactation day number and a measured daily milk yield corresponding to the measured daily lactation day number; constructing a multiple linear regression model between the milk yield of the measurement day and the number of lactation days of the measurement day, determining the coefficient of the multiple linear regression model, and predicting the milk yield of the first measurement day and the milk yield of the second and subsequent measurement days; and comparing the predicted milk yield of the first measurement day and the milk yield of the second and subsequent measurement days with the milk yield data of the original measurement day, judging abnormal data in the milk yield data of the original measurement day, and correcting the abnormal data. According to the invention, the correction of the abnormal daily milk yield is realized.

The invention discloses a micro-residue treating, recycling and recycling device, which belongs to the technical field of filtering and recycling equipment, and comprises a two-stage separation assembly, which is arranged at the top of a partition plate and is used for carrying out two-stage filtration on boiled soybean milk, so that solid and liquid are separated and respectively enter a soybean residue box and the partition plate; the recycling assembly is mounted on the inner side of the two-stage separation assembly and is used for recycling bean dregs subjected to second-stage separation; and the flushing assembly is mounted above the two-stage separation assembly and is used for flushing the bean dregs subjected to the second-stage separation into the recovery assembly. Through the arrangement of the two-stage separation assembly and the recovery assembly, the two-stage separation assembly performs two-stage filtration on soybean milk, the protein extraction rate is increased, the soybean milk yield is increased, the soybean milk taste is improved, the soybean milk is silky and fine in taste, the product quality is improved, micro residues in the soybean milk can be prevented from blocking a filter screen in a pipeline, frequent shutdown for cleaning is not needed, and the production efficiency is improved. The working efficiency is improved.

The invention discloses application of thiamine in preparation of a product for treating subclinical ketosis of dairy cows, and belongs to the field of biological medicines. Tests prove that compared with dairy cows suffering from subclinical ketosis (SCK), by adding thiamine, the content of beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), the number of bacteria in milk and the number of somatic cells can be remarkably reduced, and the milk yield, the milk fat content, the acetic acid content and the A / P ratio are remarkably increased; the microbial diversity of rumen and excrement of the dairy cow can be adjusted; a metabonomics result shows that metabolite up-regulated after the thiamine is added mainly focuses on pyruvic acid metabolism, glycolysis or gluconeogenesis, tyrosine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and biosynthetic pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. The conclusion is that when thiamine is added into the SCK dairy cow, synthesis and catabolism of BHBA of an organism can be effectively regulated and controlled by adjusting the content of succinyl-coenzyme A, then subclinical ketosis is relieved, rumen fermentation is promoted, and therefore the milk yield and the milk quality are improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of vitamin coating and animal breeding, and particularly relates to coated 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, a preparation method thereof and application of the coated 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in improving the lactation performance and milk quality of ruminants. The 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 disclosed by the invention can regulate and control the release rate of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in rumen and small intestines, so that the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 can reach the small intestines to be absorbed to the greatest extent, the nutrition regulation and control function of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is fully played, the lactation performance of dairy cows is improved, meanwhile, the lipid metabolism of ruminants can be regulated and controlled, and the lactose content in milk can be increased. The test result shows that by adding the coated 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 into the basic ration of the dairy cow, the milk yield of the dairy cow can be increased, and meanwhile, the fat content and the lactose content in the milk can be remarkably increased. Therefore, the coated 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 can improve the feed efficiency, reduce the feeding cost and improve the production benefit.

The invention relates to the technical field of molecular biology, and particularly discloses application of a kit for detecting an SNP molecular marker in screening of high-yield cows, the nucleotide sequence of the SNP molecular marker is shown as SEQ ID NO.1, N at the 2694th site in the SEQ ID NO.1 represents G or A, the polymorphism of the basic group at the site affects the milk yield of the cows in the lactation period, and the nucleotide sequence of the SNP molecular marker is shown as SEQ ID NO.1. The total milk yield of the cattle with the AG genotype in the lactation period is higher than that of the cattle with the GG genotype. By optimizing the dominant alleles of the SNP, the frequency of the dominant alleles can be increased generation by generation, the total milk yield of the cattle in the lactation period is increased, the excellent cattle with the high milk yield character in the lactation period is bred, the genetic improvement progress of the cattle is accelerated, and therefore the economic benefits of cattle breeding are effectively improved.

The present application relates to the technical field of mixing device, in particular to a feed additive adding method for increasing milk yield of cattle and sheep and a feed mixing device, a servo motor is installed on the top of a stirring drum, a feeding port is formed on the top surface of the stirring drum, the rotating shaft of the servo motor penetrates through the top plate of the stirring drum, a connecting seat is installed at the bottom end of the rotating shaft of the servo motor, a vertical cylinder is integrally formed at the bottom end of the connecting seat, a pouring pipe is fixedly connected to the top end of the connecting seat, a blade is fixed to the bottom end of the vertical cylinder, a connecting pipe is inserted between the blade and the vertical cylinder, a storage groove is formed in the blade, a heating pipe is embedded at the bottom end of the blade, a "n" shaped mounting groove is formed on the bottom surface of the blade, and the heating pipe is fixed by using a mounting frame, so that the material at the bottom of the stirring drum is heated and kept warm. The functionality of the blade is enriched, so that the blade not only realizes the mixing of feed raw materials, but also meets the feeding of additives (or cleaning agents), and cooperates with the heating pipe to meet the heating and keeping warm requirements of the feed raw materials.

The present invention provides a method of feeding a ruminant animal, preferably a pregnant ruminant animal, using a phytogenic composition. By feeding the composition pre-partum, the colostrum yield may be increased and colostrum quality is improved. Moreover, milk yield and milk fat percentage may be increased during lactation phase of the ruminant animal.

The invention is a divisional application with the patent application number of CN202510138171.9. The invention discloses an application of an SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) site related to buffalo lactation traits and an application of an amplification primer group of the SNP site, the SNP site is used for detecting dominant genotypes related to the buffalo lactation traits, the SNP site is marked as the 51st basic group in Chr6116041915, the basic group is G or A, and the amplification primer group is marked as the 51st basic group in Chr6116041915. The nucleotide sequence of the Chr6116041915 is specifically as shown in SEQ ID NO. 3. Compared with the prior art, one SNP molecular marker related to the buffalo lactation character is screened and extracted and is used for breeding buffalo individuals with high daily average milk yield, the breeding time is effectively shortened, and the breeding cost is reduced.

The invention provides a rumen bypass folic acid additive, a preparation method and application thereof and a method for producing milk rich in folic acid, and particularly belongs to the technical field of rumen bypass additives. The rumen bypass folic acid additive comprises folic acid, cobalamin, silicon dioxide, lipase, palm fat, coconut oil and calcium stearate. The rumen bypass folic acid additive can reduce folic acid degradation by rumen microorganisms, can directly reach small intestines to be absorbed, improves the folic acid utilization rate of ruminants, specifically can improve the milk yield, milk protein, milk fat and folic acid content and yield of dairy cows, and can produce folic acid-rich cow milk; the feed can also increase the plasma glucose level and reduce the concentration of beta-hydroxybutyric acid, so that the energy metabolism state of the dairy cow is improved, the production performance of the dairy cow is improved, and economic benefits are brought to pastures.

The invention relates to the technical field of animal husbandry breeding. The invention provides a feed for improving milk yield and quality of camels and a feeding method matched with the feed. The feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-14 parts of alfalfa hay, 16-20 parts of peanut vines, 6-10 parts of sugar beet pulp, 18-22 parts of corn, 11-15 parts of wheat bran, 10-14 parts of cottonseed meal, 8-12 parts of soybean meal, 0.8-1.2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.8-1.2 parts of table salt and 4-6 parts of premix. The formula of the feed is improved, the content of crude protein in the feed is increased and reaches 17%, and the requirement of protein under the condition of high milk yield is met. Meanwhile, grease is added, trace elements are supplemented, and the butter-fat percentage is increased. Various different feeds are used for feeding in different growth stages, so that the quality of the bactrian camel milk is improved, the physical health is guaranteed, the yield of the bactrian camel milk is increased, and the economic benefits of farmers are improved.

The application belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine, and particularly relates to a medicine composition for improving postpartum health level of dairy cows and application thereof. The medicine composition comprises specific proportion of radix paeoniae alba, ramulus cinnamomi, semen persicae, ligusticum wallichii, fructus aurantii, poria cocos and glycyrrhizae, the composition can effectively promote the recovery of forage intake and milk yield of perinatal dairy cows, and can also reduce the risk of perinatal dairy cows suffering from metritis and the like, and is beneficial to the recovery of postpartum production performance of the dairy cows.

The invention discloses pichia membranaefaciens and application of the pichia membranaefaciens in the aspect of breeding ruminants. The pichia membranaefaciens M12 is preserved in the general microbiological center of the China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms on August 5, 2024, and the preservation number of the pichia membranaefaciens M12 is CGMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) No.31606. The pichia membranaefaciens M12 has the advantages that the pichia membranaefaciens M12 is preserved in the pichia membranaefaciens M12, and the pichia membranaefaciens M12 is preserved in the pichia membranaefaciens M12; the invention further discloses a ruminant breeding method. The rumen-source pichia membranaefaciens M12 is found to be capable of reducing methane emission of ruminants for the first time, and has no negative influence on food consumption, milk yield and milk quality. Therefore, the pichia membranaefaciens M12 disclosed by the invention can be used for breeding ruminants.

The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a lactating cow premix for improving a chronic stress state, and the lactating cow premix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25-40% of a carrier, 0.01-0.05% of an antioxidant, 2-8% of vitamins, 40-60% of minerals, 0.5-2% of probiotics, 1-5% of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 5-10% of lysine, 0.01-0.05% of chromium methionine and 2-5% of curcumin. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing the components in proportion, adding the components into a mixer, mixing for 20-40 minutes, packaging, and inspecting. The lactating dairy cow premix for improving the chronic stress state can effectively relieve the chronic stress condition of dairy cows, reduce the probability that the dairy cows suffer from mastitis and digestive tract diseases in the stress period, improve the resistance and immune function of the lactating dairy cows, increase the milk yield and improve the milk quality, and is balanced in formula nutrition, simple in preparation method and low in cost. The feed additive can be directly added into feed and has a wide application prospect.

The utility model provides a cooling system for a cowshed air inlet, and belongs to the technical field of cowshed temperature control, the cowshed is provided with an air inlet, the cooling system comprises a spraying device and a cold water supply device, the spraying device comprises a plurality of spraying pipes, each spraying pipe is movably arranged at the top of the cowshed, and the cold water supply device is connected with the spraying device. A plurality of atomizing nozzles are arranged on each spraying pipe, and all the atomizing nozzles are arranged towards an air inlet of the cowshed. The cold water supply device comprises a water chilling unit and a pressure pump, a water outlet of the water chilling unit is communicated with a water inlet of the pressure pump, and a water outlet of the pressure pump is communicated with the spraying pipe. The cooling system can spray atomized cold water at the air inlet of the cowshed, so that low-temperature water mist can cool the cowshed, the temperature of the cowshed is effectively controlled, the influence of high temperature on cows is reduced, and the milk yield of the cows is guaranteed.

A method for predicting dairy cow milk production is disclosed, relating to the field of milk production prediction technology. This invention aims to address the problem of low prediction accuracy in existing dairy cow milk production prediction methods. The invention includes: acquiring a dataset of milk production characteristics of dairy cows to be predicted; preprocessing the milk production characteristic data to obtain a preprocessed dataset of milk production characteristics; inputting the preprocessed dataset of milk production characteristics into a trained coarse milk production prediction model to obtain a coarse predicted milk production; and inputting the preprocessed dataset of milk production characteristics and the coarse predicted milk production into a trained fine milk production prediction model to obtain the final predicted milk production. This invention is used for predicting dairy cow milk production.

The invention relates to the technical field of microorganisms, and in particular relates to a prevotella bruceli B14 capable of improving the milk yield and the milk-fat percentage of ruminants and application of the prevotella bruceli B14. The invention discloses a strain of prevotella bruceli B14, and the Latin name of the prevotella bruceli B14 is prevotella bruceli B14. The preservation number of the strain is CCTCC NO: M 20242730. The prevotella bruceli B14 provided by the invention can increase the milk yield and the milk fat percentage of ruminants by increasing the concentration of total volatile fatty acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and valeric acid in the rumen of the ruminants. In addition, the compound also has the function of synthesizing nicotinic acid, and can activate an mTORC1 signal channel in the mammary gland of the ruminant in a GPR109A-dependent manner and promote the expression of lipid synthesis genes so as to promote milk fat synthesis. In addition, the prevotella buchneri B14 also has the function of reducing the abundance of methanogenic archaea in rumen, so that the prevotella buchneri B14 is expected to improve the energy utilization efficiency by reducing the methane emission of ruminants.

The invention discloses application of an SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) marker influencing the colostrum yield of sheep in a PTPRK gene. The marker is located on a PTPRK gene of a sheep chromosome 8, the specific SNP marker site is C / T base mutation at the 488 bp position of SEQ ID NO: 1 in a sequence table, and the colostrum yield of TT and CT genotype sheep individuals at the site is remarkably higher than that of CC genotype individuals. Hu sheep is used as a research object, PCR is used for amplifying a DNA sequence of an eighth exon of a sheep PTPRK gene, the sequence has an SNP variation site, the colostrum yield of a specific genotype Hu sheep individual at the variation site is analyzed, and the Hu sheep individual is selected and reserved for breeding according to the colostrum yield, so that excellent individuals with high colostrum yield are rapidly screened, the breeding process of a high colostrum yield population is accelerated, and the breeding efficiency of the sheep PTPRK gene is improved. A marker resource is provided for marker-assisted selection breeding of the colostrum yield of the sheep.

The invention provides a method and device for obtaining the daily average milk yield of a dairy cow, and relates to the technical field of artificial intelligence. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a plurality of shot images respectively corresponding to cow faces of a plurality of cows corresponding to each variety in a preset milk yield statistical period; recognizing the shot image corresponding to each cow face based on a preset cow health state recognition model to obtain a health recognition state result of each cow; screening a plurality of cows corresponding to each variety according to the health identification state result to obtain a plurality of healthy cows corresponding to each variety; and calculating the daily average milk yield of the dairy cow corresponding to each variety according to the daily average milk yield of the plurality of healthy dairy cows corresponding to each variety. The device executes the method. According to the method and the device provided by the embodiment of the invention, the daily average milk yield of different varieties of dairy cows can be accurately obtained, and a pasture owner is effectively assisted in deciding the variety of the dairy cow to be raised.

The utility model relates to the field of piglet lactation devices, in particular to a piglet lactation device with a heating function. The piglet lactation device aims at solving the technical problems that in the prior art, in cold weather, the milk yield of a mother body is small, the growth requirement of mammalian cubs cannot be met, and meanwhile a group of piglets drink milk and snatch one nipple at the same time. The utility model discloses a piglet lactation device with a heating function. The piglet lactation device comprises a lactation chamber, an isolation assembly, a heat preservation groove, an inlet channel and a cleaning assembly. Milk is heated through the heating barrel and then kept at the constant temperature, meanwhile, the stirring mechanism stirs liquid milk in the milk at the constant speed, the liquid milk is prevented from being layered, the milk is conveyed into the heat preservation groove of the lactation room during lactation, it is guaranteed that the temperature in the lactation room is stable and not affected by the outside world, and a good environment is provided for piglets during feeding; by arranging the isolation assembly, each piglet has a lactation position, and the phenomenon that the piglets are bruised and dead is avoided.