41 results about "Water buffalo" patented technology

The invention provides a cattle behavior recognition method based on a three-axis attitude angle, and belongs to the technical field of intelligent animal husbandry management. According to the method, three-axis attitude angle signals such as the yaw angle (Yaw), the pitch angle (Pitch) and the roll angle (Roll) of the head of a cattle are collected in real time through a gyroscope sensor arranged in wearable equipment such as a cattle ear tag. The method does not depend on images, accelerometers, microphones or other modalities, only based on attitude angle signals, multiple algorithms such as a time sequence sliding window, frequency domain analysis, weighted scoring, sudden change detection and state transition modeling are utilized, and multiple typical behaviors such as ingestion, rumination, water drinking, bed lying, limping, licking, fright jumping and low activity are recognized. The method is suitable for multiple cattle breeds such as dairy cattle, beef cattle and buffalo, has the advantages of low power consumption, lightweight calculation, low deployment cost, accurate identification and the like, and is convenient for realizing behavior monitoring and health management of large-scale cattle individuals. The algorithm path can be flexibly selected, but a core input signal is only limited to attitude angle data, so that the technical boundary of the patent protection of the method is formed.

The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine formulas for treating hypertension, in particular to a traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation for treating liver-yang hyperactivity type hypertension or yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity type hypertension as well as a preparation method and application of the traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation for treating liver-yang hyperactivity type hypertension or yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity type hypertension. The medicinal materials comprise gastrodia elata, uncaria, fried stiff silkworm, cornu bubali, concha haliotidis, selfheal, radix cyathulae, salted eucommia ulmoides, salted semen plantaginis and fried spina date seed. The preparation method comprises the following steps: decocting a required amount of buffalo horn with water to obtain a buffalo horn decoction; soaking other medicinal materials except the uncaria in water, decocting the soaked medicinal materials and the cornu bubali decoction for two to three times, adding the uncaria into the decoction five to seven minutes before the last decoction, and combining the decoction to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation. The traditional Chinese medicine compound preparation disclosed by the invention has a blood pressure lowering effect on people with different symptoms of hypertension, is stable in blood pressure lowering and reliable in effect, and has the effects of nourishing yin, suppressing yang, calming the liver and calming the heart.

The application provides a kind of water buffalo horn medicinal materials, standard decoction and its formula granules HPLC characteristic chromatogram construction method, comprising: A) water buffalo horn raw materials are extracted using solvent, to obtain the test solution;B) after the test solution is subjected to pre-column derivatization reaction, using high performance liquid chromatography, to obtain the HPLC characteristic chromatogram of water buffalo horn raw materials;The high performance liquid chromatography chromatographic conditions are: the chromatographic column is C18 column;Mobile phase A is acetonitrile-methanol-100mmol / L sodium acetate aqueous solution, mobile phase B is tetrahydrofuran-11mmol / L sodium acetate aqueous solution, gradient elution.The application uses high performance liquid chromatography, selects the above mobile phase for gradient elution, with alanine as reference, establishes the HPLC characteristic chromatogram of water buffalo horn medicinal materials, standard decoction and its formula granules, with good repeatability, precision, stable and reliable method, can control the quality of water buffalo horn medicinal materials, standard decoction and its formula granules.

The invention provides an ear tag system for cow behavior recognition based on a three-axis attitude angle, and relates to the technical field of intelligent health management and behavior monitoring of cows such as cows, beef cattle and buffalo. The system comprises an intelligent terminal device which can be worn on the ear of a cattle, and a gyroscope sensor is integrated in the device and used for collecting three-axis attitude angle data (a yaw angle Yaw, a pitch angle Pitch and a roll angle Roll) of the cattle in real time; and the behavior identification module is used for identifying behaviors of the cattle based on the attitude angle signal, such as rumination, ingestion, lying, pacing, repeated rising and lying, oestrus jumping and riding and the like. The recognition module comprises a weighted scoring mechanism, a frequency domain feature extraction algorithm, a mutation detection model, a behavior state transition modeling and other mechanisms, and can be deployed on an ear tag terminal or a remote platform to execute analysis. The system has the advantages of being convenient to deploy, accurate in recognition, low in power consumption, easy to integrate and the like, and is suitable for large-scale intelligent cattle breeding and remote health supervision.

The invention is a divisional application with the patent application number of CN202510138171.9. The invention discloses an application of an SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) site related to buffalo lactation traits and an application of an amplification primer group of the SNP site, the SNP site is used for detecting dominant genotypes related to the buffalo lactation traits, the SNP site is marked as the 51st basic group in Chr6116041915, the basic group is G or A, and the amplification primer group is marked as the 51st basic group in Chr6116041915. The nucleotide sequence of the Chr6116041915 is specifically as shown in SEQ ID NO. 3. Compared with the prior art, one SNP molecular marker related to the buffalo lactation character is screened and extracted and is used for breeding buffalo individuals with high daily average milk yield, the breeding time is effectively shortened, and the breeding cost is reduced.

The invention discloses a buffalo rumen source lignin and cellulose degrading bacterium microecological preparation as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of microorganisms. The active ingredient of the microecological preparation comprises bacillus sorola desert, and the preservation number of the bacillus sorola desert in the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) is CCTCC NO: M2025512. According to the invention, a strain of bacillus sorola, which has lignin degradation ability and can degrade cellulose, is screened from a rumen solid-liquid mixture sample obtained from a buffalo rumen fistula, and is developed into a microecological preparation. Experimental verification shows that the degradation rate of the strain to sodium lignin sulfonate in 24 hours reaches 9.54%, the degradation rate of the strain to straw in 3 days can reach 8.6% or above, and in an artificial simulation rumen test, lignin in the straw can be remarkably degraded, and meanwhile, the fiber utilization value of the straw is effectively improved.

This invention relates to the field of buffalo breed identification, specifically to a method for buffalo breed identification and a method and apparatus for constructing a prediction model. The prediction model construction method includes: acquiring second-generation NGS sequencing data of a buffalo population; comparing the sequencing data with a reference genome and performing variant detection to obtain variant site data for each buffalo; merging and filtering the variant site data of all buffaloes to obtain a variant site set; and training the buffalo breed prediction model using the variant site set data to obtain the prediction model for the buffalo breed. The prediction model of this invention achieves high accuracy in buffalo breed identification.

The invention belongs to the technical field of animal molecular biology and animal genetic breeding, and particularly relates to a buffalo whole genome 20k liquid-phase SNP chip and a design method and application thereof, and the chip comprises 24893 SNP molecular markers; according to the method, four selection signal analysis (FST, Piratio, XP-CLR and XP-EHH) are jointly applied to screen 11 buffalo group comparison combinations, it is ensured that the sites have high information content and group universality, through multiple rounds of quality control and function annotation, finally 24893 SNP sites are carefully selected, the whole genome is covered in a balanced mode, and the redundancy is remarkably reduced; based on 115 sample data of 11 main Chinese buffalo varieties (including marsh type and river type), the chip is ensured to be suitable for multi-variety buffalo groups, and the application advantages of variety identification, genetic analysis, genetic diversity monitoring and the like are highlighted.

The invention belongs to the technical field of food processing, and discloses additive-free buffalo formula milk and a preparation method thereof. The raw materials of the additive-free formula milk are pretreated buffalo milk and milk; wherein the mass fraction of the pretreated buffalo milk is 30-45%, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: cooling the buffalo milk to 0-4 DEG C, then carrying out centrifugal treatment to obtain milk liquid and cream enriched with large-particle-size fat globules, strongly crushing the fat globules in the cream, then carrying out stabilizing treatment, and then uniformly mixing with the milk liquid. Through a pure physical process of centrifugation and segmented homogenization, the problem that the formula milk with the buffalo milk content of 30-45% is greasy in mouth feel due to too high fat content is solved on the premise that natural characteristic flavor substances in the buffalo milk are reserved to the maximum extent, and the smooth mouth feel and good preservation stability of the product are ensured under the condition that no additive is added.

The invention discloses a lactation buffalo production performance regulation and control method based on rumen energy nitrogen balance regulation and control, and relates to the technical field of lactation buffalo rearing, the method comprises the steps of obtaining and fusing rumen internal environment parameters, individual ingestion behaviors and production performance data of lactation buffalo, and obtaining a multi-source data fusion analysis result through multi-source data fusion analysis; generating a rumen-physiological dynamic metabolic potential energy map; based on a rumen-physiological dynamic metabolic potential energy map, performing digital twinborn deconstruction analysis on daily ration composition to obtain energy nitrogen libraries with different degradation characteristics; the ideal supply gap spectrum of each energy nitrogen library is dynamically calculated in combination with physiological time sequence parameters obtained in real time; and according to the ideal supply gap spectrum of each energy nitrogen reservoir, precise nutrition intervention is cooperatively executed through time sequence matching feeding, form adaptation regulation and control and targeted supplement regulation and control. The problems of lactation performance fluctuation, low feed utilization efficiency and high metabolic stress risk caused by energy nitrogen imbalance are solved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of molecular biology, and relates to miRNA for regulating and controlling the content of fat and / or unsaturated fatty acid in buffalo muscle and application of the miRNA. The miRNA is miR-30f (bta-miR-30f), and the fat deposition in the buffalo muscle and the composition of unsaturated fatty acid are influenced by regulating and controlling the expression of an RAD23B gene. The invention finds that transfection of a bta-miR-30f simulant in buffalo intramuscular fat cells can significantly improve intramuscular fat content and unsaturated fatty acid proportion, while transfection of an inhibitor shows a reverse effect. Further research finds that knock-down of the RAD23B gene can also increase the content of triglyceride and unsaturated fatty acid in buffalo muscle tissue. Important gene resources and molecular breeding technical means are provided for genetic improvement of buffalo meat quality characters (including flavor characteristics and nutritional value).

The application discloses a Haizi buffalo whole-genome SNP molecular marker combination and application. The SNP molecular marker combination is shown in Table 1 and is composed of 47943 sequencing-derived high-heritage-information SNPs, 868 trait-related SNPs and 76 defect-related SNPs, and a total of 48887 sites. The Haizi buffalo whole-genome SNP molecular marker combination provided by the application can be used for design of a Haizi buffalo whole-genome chip and protection and breeding of Haizi buffalo genetic resources, can realize targeted gene detection work on a Haizi buffalo population, can meet various requirements in genetic resource protection and breeding, can effectively improve molecular breeding efficiency, and has important significance for protection, evaluation and utilization of Haizi buffalo genetic resources.

The present application relates to the field of microbial technology, in particular to bacillus subtilis BS-1 and its application in water buffalo silage feed, the strain BS-1 of the present application has good bacteriostatic activity on escherichia coli, salmonella and streptococcus uberis, after mixing and fermenting according to a specific proportion with orange peel and cassava residue, the bacteriostatic spectrum of the obtained silage feed is significantly enhanced, which can simultaneously inhibit escherichia coli, campylobacter jejuni, salmonella, streptococcus uberis, staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus agalactiae that cause diarrhea and mastitis. In the feed, after mixing 60%-75% of orange peel and 25%-40% of cassava residue, the crude protein content of the fermentation product is significantly improved, and the fiber content is reduced. Feeding test shows that the feed can significantly improve the milk yield and milk quality of lactating water buffalo, and effectively alleviate diarrhea. The present application provides a safe, efficient and nutritious silage feed with disease prevention function.

The present invention concerns the field of dairy farming, such as farming of cows, buffaloes, camels, yaks, goats, sheep, horses, donkeys, alpacas, mithun, lamas, zebus, etc. In these fields there is still an unmet need for new modalities that can improve milk production, improve milk quality, improve feed efficiency and / or and / or reduce environmental impact. The present invention resides in the finding that this can be realized by using bioavailable forms of silicic acid, typically as an additive that can be fed to the animals via the feed, forage and / or drinking water.

This invention relates to the design of specific primers for buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) cytochrome b (Cytb) gene for the detection of buffalo DNA using conventional PCR method. The primer sequence of buffalo species specific Cytb gene consists of forward sequence 5'- TTAGTACTATTCGCACCCGACCTC-3' and reverse 5'- TCGTTGTTTGGATGTATGTAGCAG-3'. This primer sequence has an amplicon size of 216 bp. The primers were used in a conventional PCR process operated under the following conditions, initiation stage of denaturation at 95ºC for 60 seconds, denaturation stage at 95ºC for 15 seconds, annealing stage at 63ºC for 15 seconds, elongation at 72ºC for 10 seconds cycle, final elongation at 72ºC for 60 seconds and at 35 cycles. This invention aims to amplify buffalo species specifically using conventional PCR methods so that it can detect the presence of buffalo DNA in processed products, especially for processed buffalo skin crackers.

The utility model discloses a filling device for buffalo milk production, which relates to the technical field of buffalo milk filling and comprises a shell, a control panel and a filling gun are arranged on the shell, a milk storage barrel is arranged on the filling gun, a barrel cover is arranged at the top of the milk storage barrel, and a milk conveying pipe is arranged in the barrel cover. The other end of the milk conveying pipe is fixedly installed at the milk inlet end of the filling gun, a supporting plate is fixedly installed on the shell, a rotating shaft is rotatably installed in the supporting plate, a retention ring is fixedly installed on the rotating shaft, a rotating disc is fixedly installed at the top of the rotating shaft, an irrigation bottle fixing mechanism is arranged on the rotating disc, and a driving mechanism is arranged on the shell and the rotating shaft. According to the automatic buffalo milk filling device, due to the arrangement of the driving mechanism, the rotating disc, the irrigation bottle fixing mechanism, the milk storage barrel, the milk conveying pipe and other structures, automatic filling of the filling bottles on the rotating disc can be achieved, the device is simple in structure and low in use cost, filling of buffalo milk is facilitated, and the situation that the filling bottles move during filling is avoided.

The invention provides a yellow-causing bacterium capable of being used for in-vitro culture of calculus bovis and application of the yellow-causing bacterium, and relates to the technical field of microorganisms, the yellow-causing bacterium is obtained by separating and culturing natural yak bile, and not only has better yellow-producing capacity, but also has higher tolerance to bile. The yellow-causing bacteria are obtained by screening through an optimized screening strategy, gram-positive yellow-causing bacteria can be obtained through the screening strategy, and the screening range of potential yellow-causing bacteria is expanded. The xanthogenic bacterium can directly take bile of natural yaks, cattle, buffalo and other bovine animals as a raw material to perform in-vitro calculus bovis culture, so that the product is closer to the formation process of natural calculus bovis, has the potential of being developed into a natural calculus bovis substitute, and has a better application prospect in the aspect of in-vitro calculus bovis culture.

The application discloses a kind of based on Internet of Things's water buffalo precise feeding system and method. Including biological feature acquisition terminal, edge computing device, cloud intelligent platform and execution control module, it is applicable to the intelligent management scene of large-scale water buffalo breeding. The method is by collecting the nose print image of water buffalo, voiceprint signal and temperature data, fusion multi-modal biological feature realizes individual identity recognition;On the basis of identification, call the dynamic nutrition model constructed based on GRU neural network, combine weight, exercise amount, environmental parameter and other characteristics to generate individualized feeding formula;Adopt mixed integer programming algorithm to optimize feed proportioning, give consideration to nutrition, cost and palatability Multiple constraints;It also includes abnormal detection and nutrition compensation mechanism, for identifying healthy abnormal individual and adjusting feeding scheme. The system is based on Internet of Things technology to realize edge inference and cloud cooperation, improve the identification accuracy, response speed and feeding intelligent level.

The present application relates to the technical field of biology, in particular to buffalo mammary gland tissue digestion solution and application thereof, and provides a preparation method of buffalo mammary gland tissue digestion solution and buffalo mammary gland tissue single-cell suspension, and the preparation method can obtain a primary cell suspension of buffalo mammary gland tissue with high viability, low clumping rate, high nucleated rate and less impurities, and can greatly improve the success rate of single-cell sequencing experiment of buffalo mammary gland tissue.

The invention relates to a divisional application of a patent application number CN202510138171.9. The invention discloses an application of an SNP molecular marker related to buffalo daily average milk yield traits, the SNP molecular marker is used for detecting dominant genotypes related to buffalo lactation traits, the SNP molecular marker is located at the 51st basic group in Chr242975096, the basic group is C or T, and the nucleotide sequence of the Chr242975096 is specifically as shown in SEQ ID NO.1. The invention also discloses a method for detecting buffalo milk yield traits related to buffalo milk yield traits related to buffalo milk yield traits related to buffalo milk yield traits related to buffalo milk yield traits related to buffalo milk yield traits related to buffalo milk yield traits. Compared with the prior art, one SNP molecular marker related to the buffalo lactation character is screened and extracted and is used for breeding buffalo individuals with high daily average milk yield, the breeding time is effectively shortened, and the breeding cost is reduced.

The invention provides a sequence combination for identifying cattle-derived components, buffalo-derived components and yak-derived components based on RPA-CRISPR / Cas12a and application of the sequence combination, and belongs to the technical field of biological detection.The sequence combination for rapidly detecting the cattle-derived components, the yak-derived components and the buffalo-derived components based on RPA-CRISPR / Cas12a comprises an RPA primer pair for detecting the cattle-derived components, the yak-derived components and the buffalo-derived components and a specific crRNA sequence, the invention also discloses a kit prepared by using the sequence combination and a detection method for detecting cattle, yak and buffalo-derived components in food by using the kit. According to the detection method disclosed by the invention, an RPA amplification method is combined with a CRISPR / Cas12a detection method, and real-time detection is carried out by detecting a fluorescence signal; the detection method disclosed by the invention is simple and rapid, has good specificity and sensitivity, can be used for detection only by simple constant-temperature heating, and has the advantage of rapidly detecting cattle, yak and buffalo derived components on site.

This invention concerns immunogenic B cell epitopes of the RPO30 protein of the Lumpy Skin Disease virus isolate from East Java as vaccine candidates in the field of animal health. This invention relates to the identification, characterization, and utilization of immunogenic B cell epitopes derived from the RPO30 protein of the Lumpy Skin Disease virus isolate from East Java. The identified B cell epitopes were selected from the group consisting of SL, D, TSSYESTSSQ, and QGMGGYT, which have the ability to induce specific humoral immune responses against the Lumpy Skin Disease virus. These B cell epitopes can be chemically synthesized or recombinantly expressed and formulated with a veterinary acceptable carrier or pharmaceutical adjuvant to produce an epitope-based vaccine candidate. This invention provides an alternative vaccine candidate that is safer than live attenuated vaccines, has the potential to reduce post-vaccination side effects, and is more specific to local Indonesian isolates.This invention is expected to be used for the prevention of Lumpy Skin Disease in cattle and buffalo.

The present invention relates to the technical field of animal genetics and breeding, and in particular, to an SNP molecular marker for identifying or assisting in identifying a black coat color phenotype in water buffaloes and use thereof. Provided is an SNP molecular marker for identifying or assisting in identifying a black coat color phenotype in water buffaloes. The SNP molecular marker is located at a base position 14298688 on chromosome 18 of a water buffalo genome. When the base at the position is T, the coat color of the water buffalo is pure black; the version number of the water buffalo genome is UOA_WB_1. The provided molecular marker is an SNP molecular marker related to the black coat color phenotype of water buffaloes and can be used alone or in combination to genetically identify the body coat color of water buffaloes. According to the different needs for target traits in water buffalo breeding, water buffaloes homozygous for black coat color genes can be selected for marker-assisted breeding, thereby providing a convenient and accurate method for the breeding of water buffaloes with different coat colors.

The invention relates to a bionic rhinoceros horn biological agent and a preparation method, application and identification method thereof, the bionic rhinoceros horn biological agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 40-50% of recombinant keratin, the recombinant keratin has an amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, or the recombinant keratin has a functional variant which has sequence identity of more than or equal to 80-95% with SEQ ID NO: 1 and has an inhibition rate of more than or equal to 70% for LPS-induced TNF-alpha; the molecular weight of the cornu bubali enzymolysis active peptide is less than 5kDa, and the arginine content of the cornu bubali enzymolysis active peptide is greater than or equal to 12.3 mg / g; 15%-25% of silk fibroin; the content of Ca < 2 + > in the trace elements is 3.0%-3.5%. The rhinoceros horn can be used for replacing natural rhinoceros horns and is suitable for the field of emergency treatment of febrile convulsion, cerebral hemorrhage coma and the like.

The invention relates to the technical field of buffalo breeding, in particular to a buffalo safety protection midwifery device which comprises a clamp body, ejector rods are fixedly connected to the two sides of one end of the clamp body, and a connecting plate is rotationally mounted at the other end of the clamp body; a mounting plate is arranged at the bottom end of the tension assembly and fixedly connected with the top end of the middle of the connecting plate; the sleeving assembly comprises a sleeving ring and a threaded column used for adjusting the size of an opening of the sleeving ring, a connecting hole is formed in one side of the sleeving ring and is an internal threaded groove, and the sleeving assembly is in threaded connection with one side of the steel wire rope through the connecting hole; and the top of the auxiliary assembly is provided with a clamping frame which is clamped below the extension plate. Compared with the prior art, by arranging the sleeving assembly to be matched with the tension assembly, force can be evenly applied, excessive pressure in a single direction is avoided, the safety of midwifery is improved, midwifery operation is safer and more efficient, and actual requirements under different conditions are better met.

The application belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine processing, and particularly relates to a preparation process of Angong Niuhuang Pill medicine powder, which comprises the following steps: 1) crushing four kinds of medicinal materials of Coptis chinensis, Gardenia, Scutellaria baicalensis and Curcuma zedoary according to a prescription amount, and preliminarily crushing the four kinds of medicinal materials into 40-60 mesh mixed powder A for standby; 2) putting prescription amounts of ox gall, concentrated water buffalo horn powder, artificial musk and borneol into a low-temperature vibration grinder, and grinding under the condition of-20 to-15 DEG C; putting prescription amounts of cinnabar superfine powder, pearl superfine powder and realgar superfine powder into the low-temperature vibration grinder, and continuing to grind under the condition of-20 to-15 DEG C to obtain mixed powder B; and 3) putting the mixed powder B into the mixed powder A, and continuing to grind and crush. The application adopts low-temperature grinding, avoids volatilization loss of borneol, musk, ox gall and other medicines containing heat-sensitive components, simultaneously completes mixing of the medicine powder in powder modification inclusion grinding, saves the traditional sieving and mixing processes, simplifies production operation, and reduces pollution and loss.

This invention discloses a SNP molecular marker associated with buffalo lactation traits and its application. The SNP molecular marker is located at the 51st base site of Chr2_42975096, Chr6_116041914, Chr6_116041915, Chr9_103233736, and Chr23_26490196, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of these five chromosomes are shown in SEQ ID NO. 1-5. Compared with existing technologies, this invention effectively shortens breeding time and reduces breeding costs by screening and extracting the above five SNP molecular markers associated with buffalo lactation traits and using them to breed buffalo individuals with high daily milk production.

The invention discloses a buffalo rumen-derived lignin degrading bacterium composite microecological preparation and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of biology. Active components of the buffalo rumen-derived lignin degrading bacterium composite microecological preparation comprise a buffalo rumen-derived lignin degrading bacterium combination; the buffalo rumen source lignin degrading bacterium composition is prepared from bacillus sorola desert, bacillus cereus and ochrobactrum pseudointermedium. The buffalo rumen source lignin degrading bacterium composite microecological preparation can obviously improve the digestion and absorption capacity of beef cattle, and especially has an obvious degradation effect on wood fiber substances which are difficult to decompose, so that the feed utilization rate is increased, and the feeding cost is reduced.

The present invention discloses a SNP molecular marker associated with the lactation trait of buffaloes and its application. The SNP molecular marker is located at the 51st base of Chr11_66691407, the SNP molecular marker is G or T, and the nucleotide sequence of Chr11_66691407 is shown in SEQ ID NO. 1. The present invention obtains a SNP molecular marker with the highest correlation with the peak milk yield of buffaloes through DNA extraction and sequencing, genome alignment, and whole-genome association analysis. By studying the significant correlation between the genotype of the SNP molecular marker and the peak milk yield of buffaloes, it is found that the peak milk yield of GG buffaloes is better than that of buffaloes of other genotypes. The SNP molecular marker is used to assist in the selection of buffalo strains or varieties with peak milk yield characteristics, thereby shortening the breeding period and improving breeding efficiency. The buffaloes bred with peak milk yield characteristics can significantly increase the milk production of buffaloes.