351 results about "Reverse effect" patented technology

A power converter for converting energy from a green power unit as e.g. a solar cell into energy fed into the commercial grid is described. The object is to provide a versatile modularized power converter with eased access to control of the power switches. Another object is to improve the electrical efficiency. This is achieved by using an independent controller on a DC / DC module and an independent controller on a DC / AC module, whereby the two independent controllers communicate with each other and the outside world by means of a communication bus. Further, the DC / DC module of the power converter comprises a transformer which transfers energy from the DC / DC module to the DC / AC module. This design enables independent control of the modules and eases controllability of the power switches in order to suppress retroaction from pulsations generated on the mains when supplying energy to a single phase grid. Hereby the electrical efficiency of the power converter is increased. Also, an active snubber circuit is described which further increase the efficiency.

A guideless stage for aligning a wafer in a microlithography system is disclosed, and a reaction frame is disclosed which isolates both external vibrations as well as vibrations caused by reaction forces from an object stage. In the guideless stage an object stage is disclosed for movement in at least two directions and two separate and independently movable followers move and follow the object stage and cooperating linear force actuators are mounted on the object stage and the followers for positioning the object stage in the first and second directions. The reaction frame is mounted on a base structure independent of the base for the object stage so that the object stage is supported in space independent of the reaction frame. At least one follower is disclosed having a pair of arms which are respectively movable in a pair of parallel planes with the center of gravity of the object stage therebetween. The linear positioning forces of the actuator drive means are mounted and controlled so that the vector sum of the moments of force at the center of gravity of the object stage due to the positioning forces of the drive means is substantially equal to zero. The actuator mounting means can include at least two thin flexible members mounted in series with the primary direction of flex of the members being orthogonal to one another.

An insert device for use in a communication jack includes a housing, and plug interface contacts mounted with respect to the housing. At least one plug interface contact includes a first length extent extending along a first axial path and defining a first reaction surface that includes a first electrically conductive surface. The insert device includes a reactance unit having a reactance circuit operable to reduce or compensate for an electrical noise associated with signals conducted by the plug interface contacts, and a plurality of interconnection elements. At least one interconnection element defines a second reaction surface that includes a second electrically conductive surface. The insert device moves the reactance circuit relative to the plug interface contact by sliding the second reaction surface across the first reaction surface, and presses the second electrically conductive surface against the first electrically conductive surface.

A protective wind energy conversion chamber provides a protected multiple turbine mechanism axially aligned to convert kinetic energy of a moving fluid (e.g., wind) into rotational mechanical power by the reaction of the moving fluid with the turbine. The conversion chamber may either be configured as a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) or horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT). The conversion chamber repositions an intake windward to collect and concentrate the wind prior to converting the wind into energy via the axially aligned multi-turbine mechanism. The remaining wind is released via a leeward-facing exhaust. Completely enclosed by the protective wind energy conversion chamber, the axially aligned multi-turbine mechanism avoids interference by birds and other outside objects.

A seismic energy dissipation system for use with structures such as buildings, bridges and the like. The system includes a gravity frame, at least one reaction frame, and connection apparatus for connecting the gravity frame and the reaction frame. The connection apparatus includes springs for setting a period of response and energy dissipation units for dissipating energy within the structure, thus controlling the response of a structure with respect to internal forces, accelerations and deformations due to external excitations such as wind or earthquake.

This invention relates in general to vibroseis and, more specifically, but not by way of limitation, to the enhancement and / or signal strength optimization of low frequency content of seismic signals for use in surveying boreholes and / or subsurface earth formations. In embodiments of the present invention, physical properties of a seismic vibrator may be analyzed and used to provide for determination of a driving force necessary to drive a reaction mass to produce a sweep signal with enhanced low frequency content for injection into the ground for vibroseis. In certain aspects, the physical properties may be considered independent of any geophysical properties related to operation of the seismic vibrator.

An active tremor control system for stabilizing against alternating perturbations includes: an inertial sensor for sensing angular motion about a first axis of an object induced by alternating perturbations; an inertial mass independent of the object; and an actuator coupled to the object and the mass and responsive to the inertial sensor for selectively applying a torque to the object representative of the sensed angular motion such that the angular motion about the first axis induced by the perturbation is cancelled, the actuator concurrently applying a reactive torque, equal and opposite to the to the applied torque, to the mass.

A wave energy converter (WEC) system includes a shell containing an internal oscillator comprised of a reaction mass suspended from the shell by an elastic spring in parallel with a constant force spring. The constant force spring provides a relatively constant force (Fc) to counterbalance the static weight of the reaction mass and reduce the extension “static” length of the elastic spring while the elastic spring exerts a force (Fes) on the reaction mass that is proportional to the displacement, x, of the elastic spring. A power take-off (PTO) device, located within the shell, coupled between the shell and the internal oscillator converts their relative motion into electrical energy.

A handlebar throttle controller includes a cylindrical housing adapted to be rotatably mounted to an end of a handlebar, and a rotary shaft supported within the housing for relative rotation about a longitudinal axis. A first spring angularly biases the shaft toward a first angular position, while at least one of a cam and follower arrangement and a friction element and reaction element arrangement generates a first torque characteristic resisting relative rotation of the shaft when the shaft is rotated in a first direction relative to the housing, and a second torque characteristic resisting relative rotation of the shaft within the housing when the shaft is rotated in a second direction relative to the housing. A sensor on the housing generates an electrical output representative of an instantaneous angular position of the shaft relative to the housing, for use, for example, in an electronic throttle control system.

A method for controlling the activity of drugs on or in drug-coated or drug-loaded implantable devices, such as stents or other metallic devices, uses non-invasive, inductive heating of such device. The heating of a device, such as stent, can be used to release drugs applied to the stent in release layers, to activate drugs on the stent that have little or no activity at body temperature and to enhance for defined periods the reaction environment at the stent for drug-adjacent tissue interactions. Reverse effects of deactivation of drugs upon heating are also possible.

The present invention provides a structure for isolating the reaction forces generated by a planar motor. Specifically, the fixed portion of the reaction motor, which is subject to reaction forces, is structurally isolated from the rest of the system in which the planar motor is deployed. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the fixed portion of the planar motor is separated from the rest of the system and coupled to ground. The rest of the system is isolated from ground by deploying vibration isolation means. Alternatively or in addition, the fixed portion of the planar motor may be structured to move (e.g., on bearings) in the presence of reaction forces, so as to absorb the reaction forces with its inertia. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the fixed portion of the planar motor and the article to be moved are supported by the same frame, with the fixed portion of the planar motor movable on bearings.

Force feedback in large, immersive environments is provided by device which a gyro-stabilization to generate a fixed point of leverage for the requisite forces and / or torques. In one embodiment, one or more orthogonally oriented rotating gyroscopes are used to provide a stable platform to which a force-reflecting device can be mounted, thereby coupling reaction forces to a user without the need for connection to a fixed frame. In one physical realization, a rigid handle or joystick is directly connected to the three-axis stabilized platform and using an inventive control scheme to modulate motor torques so that only the desired forces are felt. In an alternative embodiment, a reaction sphere is used to produce the requisite inertial stabilization. Since the sphere is capable of providing controlled torques about three arbitrary, linearly independent axes, it can be used in place of three reaction wheels to provide three-axis stabilization for a variety of space-based and terrestrial applications.

Propellant liquid is supplied to a Colloidal Thruster for Micro-Satellite vehicles in Space by capillarity induced flow through a wick element comprising a permeable porous aggregate of fibers or particles of material that is wetted by the propellant liquid. An intense electric field at the tip of the wick element dispersed the arriving liquid into a fine spray of charged droplets. Electrodes having appropriate design, location and potentials accelerate the charge droplets to high velocity, thereby providing reactive thrust to the vehicle. In this method of propellant liquid introduction the flow rate and exhaust velocity, and therefore the thrust level, are determined by the applied potential difference, thereby eliminating the need for pumps or pressurized gas and flow controllers to provide the desired flow-rate for the propellant liquid.

A system for communicating information, particular for use in a hydrocarbon well, is described including one or more releasable vessels having radio frequency (RF) circuitry responsive, when in use, to an RF reader system, the vessel including counteracting means to reduce the effect of destabilizing flow forces thereby extending the coupling time with the reader system.

A mechanical connector for oil and gas well apparatus applies a predetermined preload across the connection, the preload being adapted to accommodate relatively large dimensional tolerances in the loadpath of the connector preload by placing a component with a low modulus of elasticity within that load path. In one embodiment, the connector comprises fingers (3) of a pair of pipe flanges (1, 1′), a stationary retainer ring (14) against which a finger reaction surface (13) is pressed, a runner ring (15) located outside the fingers and movable lengthwise along the fingers by an actuator (16), the retainer ring and the runner ring having an elasticity that is so large that deviations in their elongation only have a small influence on the retainer ring and the runner ring radial pressure against the fingers and clamping forces of the fingers against the flanges. In a second embodiment, the connector comprises dogs (103, FIG. 4) located around the circumference of a first tubular joint component, a follower located outside the dogs (103) and movable axially of the dogs, the low elastic modulus component being a ring located in the loadpath below the dogs. In a third embodiment, the connector comprises a lockdown mechanism acting between nested components, the low elastic modulus component being an insert comprising a load shoulder transferring loads between the nested components.

The invention provides a balancing and positioning system for a workpiece platform of a photoetching machine, which comprises a photoetching machine frame, a pedestal, a first compensation module, a first balancing mass block, two second compensation modules, a second balancing mass block, two second motor stators, two second motor rotors, a first motor stator and at least one force moment eliminator which is arranged on the side edge of the pedestal. The balancing and positioning system eliminates the reaction force moment of an exposure platform generated under the condition of acceleration through the force moment eliminator, and greatly reduces the impact force on the pedestal when the workpiece platform system carries loads under the condition of acceleration.

A variator assembly comprising a variator of the toroidal-race rolling-traction type. The assembly has input and output discs and rollers which are acted on by hydraulic roller control actuators. They are positioned between the discs to transmit torque from one disc to the other. Hydraulic end loading means supplied with fluid at an end load pressure to apply an end load to bias the discs and the rollers toward each other, thereby enabling the transmission of torque. Reaction pressure supply means are connected to the roller control actuators to cause them to apply an adjustable reaction force to the rollers. The assembly also has hydraulically influenced valve means which serve to compare an input related to the end load pressure with an input related to the reaction pressure and to control the end load pressure in dependence upon the comparison, thereby maintaining a relationship between the end load and reaction pressures. Adjustment means are provided to adjust the relationship between the end load and reaction pressures.

A brake carrier for a heavy vehicle disc brake includes an actuating side carrier portion including a support for an actuating side brake pad having a first material having a first property. The brake carrier also includes a separate reaction side carrier portion having a support for a reaction side brake pad for securement to the actuating side carrier portion. The actuating side carrier portion includes a first material having a first property, and the reaction side carrier portion includes a second material having a second property, wherein the second property differs from the first property.

The invention relates to the research field of a microgravity simulating platform of a space robot, in particular to a microgravity air floatation target satellite simulator system with five degrees of freedom. The system consists of three parts, namely a movement simulator, a satellite simulator and a ground control panel. The movement simulator simulates the states of zero gravity, low friction and micro interference of a base satellite; the satellite simulator has a basic single-shaft attitude adjustment and track control function under a condition that a satellite provided by the movement simulator is in a track movement simulating environment, comprises a sensor, a controller and an actuating mechanism (a counteractive flywheel and a cold gas injecting system), and is provided with auxiliary systems such as a power system, a wireless communication assembly, a structural component and the like; and the ground control panel provides a basic function of the wireless data communication between a target satellite and the ground, and realizes the control on the target satellite and the receiving, storage and display of the data.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a drive assembly for a seismic land vibrator is provided. The drive assembly comprises at least a first spring element. The first spring element operates in at least two vibration modes in a seismic frequency band of interest. The drive assembly also comprises a baseplate, a driver, and a reaction mass. The driver interacts with the reaction mass and the first spring element to transfer energy to the baseplate.

A pressure relief device and a hydraulic fracturing system having a pressure relief device are provided. In one form, the pressure relief device has a valve body with a linearly extending throughbore between the inlet and outlet thereof. A rupture disc is secured in the valve body so that a frangible dome wall portion thereof has a reverse-acting orientation in the valve body bore. The hydraulic fracturing system includes a pump and a delivery line that receives pressurized fracturing fluid from the pump and delivers it to a well. A pressure relief device is installed along the delivery line. A sensor detects fluid flow downstream of the pressure relief device which allows the pump to be shut down when the downstream fluid flow is detected. The pressure relief device can have a body with a domed rupture disc and the sensor therein.

A wind turbine hybrid braking system is presented. The system includes a generator coupled to a main shaft of the wind turbine for generating and transmitting power. A mechanical brake is coupled to the main shaft for applying reaction torque upon braking of the wind turbine. The system further includes an electrical braking circuit coupled to the generator for acting in conjunction with the mechanical brake and dissipating active power via controlled switching.

A system and method for managing inertial torque reactions on stationary powertrain structure rotate at least one selected engine component and at least one selected drive train component in opposite directions so the rotational inertia of the selected drive train component acts in a direction opposite to that of the rotational inertia of the selected engine component to reduce or eliminate the inertial torque reactions on stationary powertrain structure caused by rotational acceleration and deceleration of powertrain components and improves performance with respect to noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH).

This invention discloses a method for testing inbreak, which obtains the information of software behavior characters of a program, a structure access model and acts it on the program to prevent abnormal behavior so as to protect the entire network server system to avoid network inbreak including the following basic processes: collecting and processing a behavior security box to monitor the software behavior timely and a protection system suitable for the above mentioned method is also disclosed to realize the close coupling control to the behavior of the applied program.

A spring member for disc-brake calipers is interposed between a lateral edge of at least one pad and reaction surfaces of the caliper so as to act resiliently on the pad. The spring member comprises a ‘U’-shaped portion suitable for forming a connection with a protuberance of the reaction surfaces, a first resilient portion suitable for acting on the pad in a tangential direction, and a second resilient portion suitable for acting on the pad in a radial direction. The first and second resilient portions constitute a single body projecting from a first connection end of the first resilient portion that is connected to the ‘U’-shaped portion, so that, when the at least one pad is in a mounted configuration, it is acted on resiliently by the spring member both in a radial direction and in a tangential direction.