The invention relates to the field of nanometer drug carriers, and concretely relates to an asymmetric magnetic mesoporous silica rod supporting chemotherapeutic and gene drugs and application thereof to tumor diagnosis and treatment. The asymmetric magnetic mesoporous silica rod is prepared by employing spherical magnetic ferrite nanoparticles and ethyl orthosilicate through a sol-gel method, and the asymmetric magnetic mesoporous silica rod is subjected to surface functionalization modification, and is successively loaded with a chemotherapeutic drug, coated by a positive high-molecular polymer and loaded with a gene drug, so that a target product is obtained. The chemotherapeutic drug is connected with the silica rod through functionalization of the mesoporous surface, and the silica rod is endowed with the pH-responsive drug release characteristic, also the biocompatibility of the composite material is increased and the in-vivo cycling time is prolonged, and gene is supported in an electrostatic adsorption mode. The composite material is injected into a living body via an intravenous route, the characteristics of nanoparticle in-vivo passive targeting, gene guiding and pH-responsive drug release of the composite material are utilized, also the cooperativity of the multidrug resistant gene and the chemotherapeutic drug is utilized, and in-vitro magnetic targeting, NMR imaging and other technologies are applied to diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors.