building

Abstract

Even if the load-bearing walls exposed inside the room are reduced as much as possible, functions such as supporting the load from above and resisting external forces are not lost, and a large, user-friendly space is secured. [Solution] A building (1) has a structural reinforcement structure (10) installed in the attic space above the ceiling (6) of an indoor space (5), and the structural reinforcement structure (10) is installed between opposing load-bearing walls (1a) of the structural body and comprises a set of first horizontal members (11) that are installed to support the upper structure installed on the load-bearing walls (1a), and a second horizontal member (12) that is installed to be installed to be installed between the set of first horizontal members (11) and connect the set of first horizontal members (11).An attic insulation structure is installed in the attic space, and the attic insulation structure comprises a surface member (25) that is installed above the lower ends of the set of first horizontal members (11) and divides the attic space into upper and lower parts, and insulation material (20) laid on the upper surface of the surface member (25).

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to buildings. [Background technology]

[0002] Traditionally, wooden buildings have been required to install shear walls that support the load from above and have high resistance to external forces such as earthquakes and strong winds. By installing such shear walls in a balanced manner, it has become possible to create large spaces inside the building. For example, in the building described in Patent Document 1, a bearing wall is installed perpendicular to the exterior wall, forming a large space inside the building. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-138661 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] However, if the load-bearing wall is placed perpendicular to the exterior wall and exposed to the interior of the room, even if a large space is created, the load-bearing wall can block the view and prevent the desired flow of traffic, making it difficult to use. Therefore, it is desirable to omit as many shear walls as possible, which are placed perpendicular to the exterior walls. However, if shear walls are omitted, there is a concern that their functions, such as supporting the load from above and providing resistance to external forces, will be impaired.

[0005] The present invention was made in consideration of the above circumstances, and its objective is to ensure a large, user-friendly space while minimizing the amount of load-bearing walls exposed inside the room, without compromising functions such as supporting the load from above and resisting external forces. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The invention described in claim 1 is a building 1 in which a skeleton reinforcement structure 10 that reinforces the skeleton of the building 1 is provided in an attic space (for example, an attic space 7) above a ceiling 6 of an indoor space 5, as shown in, for example, FIGS. 1 to 13, Opposing bearing walls (exterior walls) 1a are provided along the periphery of the building 1, The body reinforcement structure 10 includes: A first cross member 11 having a plurality of members as one set; a second cross member 12; before Counterpart Between the opposite bearing walls (exterior walls) 1a is a set of It is installed across the bridge, The plurality of sets are spaced apart from one another, and the plurality of sets include: Supports a superstructure (for example, a roof 2) provided on the bearing wall 1a And, Each of the sets comprises Between the plurality of first cross members 11 The second cross member 12 is It is installed across the bridge, Each of the sets comprises The plurality of first cross members 11 are connected to each other. The second cross member 12 is disposed at a distance from the superstructure (for example, the roof 2), The second cross member 12 is not spanned between the plurality of sets, The attic space is provided with an attic insulation structure, The above-mentioned ceiling insulation structure is The first horizontal members 11 are located above the lower end portions thereof and above the upper end portions thereof. a surface material 25 that is provided below the ceiling and divides the ceiling space into upper and lower parts; a heat insulating material 20 that is laid on the upper surface of the face material 25 and is thicker than the face material, The beam configuration of the set of first horizontal members 11 is such that the beam configuration extends from the underside of the face plate 25 to the bottom of the heat insulating material 20. It is characterized by being longer than the height dimension to the upper surface.

[0007] According to the invention described in claim 1, the skeleton reinforcement structure 10 includes a set of first horizontal members 11 that are installed between opposing bearing walls (exterior walls) 1a of the skeleton and support a superstructure (e.g., a roof 2) installed on the bearing walls 1a, and a set of second horizontal members 12 that are installed between the set of first horizontal members 11 and connect the set of first horizontal members 11 together. Therefore, the skeleton reinforcement structure 10 is formed in a so-called ladder shape in a plan view. In other words, the skeleton reinforcement structure 10 is formed as a structure that is highly rigid and easily distributes loads. By installing such a skeleton reinforcement structure 10 in a building 1, even if the number of bearing walls exposed inside a room (indoor space 5) of the building 1 is minimized, functions such as supporting an upper load (e.g., the roof 2) and resisting external forces are not impaired, and a large, user-friendly space (indoor space 5) can be secured. Furthermore, the attic insulation structure provided in the attic space is provided above the lower ends of the set of first horizontal members 11 and includes face material 25 that divides the attic space into upper and lower sections, and insulation material 20 laid on the upper surface of face material 25, making it easier to prevent heat transfer in the vertical direction of building 1, with face material 25 as the boundary. Furthermore, if face material 25 has fire resistance, it also makes it easier to prevent flames from transferring in the vertical direction of building 1, with face material 25 as the boundary.

[0008] The invention described in claim 2 is, for example, as shown in Figs. 3 to 5, in the building 1 described in claim 1, A ceiling support structure that supports the ceiling 6 is provided in the attic space, The ceiling support structure includes: A plurality of suspension beams 30, 31 provided at the lower end of the first horizontal member 11 in the skeleton reinforcement structure 10; A plurality of suspension members 32 (33, 34) attached to the plurality of suspension beams 30, 31 and arranged hanging down, The ceiling 6 is characterized in that it is suspended and supported by the plurality of suspension members 32 (33, 34).

[0009] According to the invention described in claim 2, the ceiling support structure provided in the attic space comprises a plurality of suspension beams 30, 31 provided at the lower end of the first horizontal member 11 in the skeleton reinforcement structure 10, and a plurality of suspension members 32 (33, 34) attached to the plurality of suspension beams 30, 31 and arranged hanging down, and the ceiling 6 is suspended and supported by the plurality of suspension members 32 (33, 34), so that the ceiling 6 can be supported by the first horizontal member 11 in the skeleton reinforcement structure 10. As a result, the skeleton reinforcement structure 10 can be used not only to reinforce the skeleton of the building 1, but also to support the ceiling 6.

[0010] The invention described in claim 3 is, for example, as shown in Figs. 3 to 5, in the building 1 described in claim 1 or 2, The attic space is an attic space 7 below the roof 2, One of the first cross members 11 in the set of multiple first cross members 11 is characterized in that its surface is covered with a fire-resistant surface material 11a, forming an attic partition wall BW that separates the attic space 7 from one side and the other.

[0011] According to the invention described in claim 3, the attic space is the attic space 7 below the roof 2, and one of the set of first horizontal members 11 has its surface covered with a fire-resistant surface material 11a to form an attic partition wall BW that separates the attic space 7 from one side, thereby preventing flames from spreading and spreading through the attic space 7 in accordance with the Building Standards Act Enforcement Ordinance. The skeleton reinforcement structure 10 not only reinforces the skeleton of the building 1, but also improves the fire resistance of the building 1.

[0012] The invention described in claim 4 is, for example, as shown in Figs. 3 to 5, in the building 1 described in any one of claims 1 to 3, The attic space is an attic space 7 below the roof 2, The attic space 7 is provided with a plurality of the body reinforcement structures 10 and an attic ventilation structure, The attic ventilation structure is Ventilation openings 41 formed in the bearing walls 1a at positions located between the first horizontal members 11 in each of the skeleton reinforcement structures 10; It is characterized by having a ventilation cover material (e.g., a ventilation gable 42) that covers a specific portion of the roof 2 that is located above the ventilation opening 41 and is formed to allow air to flow through.

[0013] According to the invention described in claim 4, the attic space is an attic space 7 below the roof 2, and the attic space 7 is provided with multiple structural reinforcement structures 10 and an attic ventilation structure. The attic ventilation structure includes ventilation openings 41 formed in the bearing walls 1a at locations located between the first cross members 11 of each structural reinforcement structure 10, and a ventilation cover material (e.g., ventilation gable 42) that covers a predetermined location on the roof 2 located above the ventilation openings 41 and allows air to pass through. Therefore, the attic space 7 is divided into multiple areas by the multiple structural reinforcement structures 10, and the attic can be ventilated in each of the multiple areas using the ventilation openings 41 and the ventilation cover material. As a result, even if the attic space 7 is wide or long in one direction, making it difficult to improve ventilation efficiency, ventilation can be performed in multiple areas, thereby improving ventilation efficiency.

[0014] The invention described in claim 5 is, for example, as shown in Figs. 3 to 5, in the building 1 described in claim 4, The attic ventilation structure is The ventilation recess 40 is arranged facing the portion of the bearing wall 1a where the ventilation opening 41 is formed, is formed integrally with the attic space 7, and is recessed toward the indoor space 5 from the ceiling 6. The ventilation opening 41 is characterized in that its lower end is located below the ceiling 6.

[0015] According to the invention of claim 5, the attic ventilation structure further comprises a ventilation recess 40 that is disposed facing the portion of the bearing wall 1a where the ventilation opening 41 is formed, is formed integrally with the attic space 7, and is recessed toward the indoor space 5 from the ceiling 6, and the lower end of the ventilation opening 41 is located below the ceiling 6, so that the opening area of ​​the ventilation opening 41 can be increased accordingly. This increases the amount of air that can be taken into the attic space 7, thereby improving ventilation efficiency. Also, considering the tendency of heated air to rise, it is possible to take in air from below the ceiling 6 and form an upward air flow, which makes it easier to improve ventilation efficiency. [Effects of the Invention]

[0016] According to the present invention, even if the load-bearing walls exposed inside the room are reduced as much as possible, functions such as supporting the load from above and resisting external forces are not impaired, and a large, user-friendly space can be secured. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0017] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is an elevation view of a building. [Figure 2] FIG. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a building. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a building. [Figure 5] FIG. 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a building. [Figure 6] This is an oblique view showing an example of using a first beam support hardware. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a perspective view illustrating the installation of the first cross member. [Figure 8] FIG. 10 is a perspective view illustrating the installation of the second cross member. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a building to explain the rules governing building design. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a form for supporting the first cross member. [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing another example of a form for supporting the first cross member. [Figure 12] This is an oblique view showing an example of using a third beam support hardware. [Figure 13] This is an oblique view showing an example of using a fourth beam support hardware. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiments described below are subject to various limitations that are technically preferable for implementing the present invention, but the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments and illustrated examples. Note that the directions in the following embodiments and illustrated examples are set solely for the convenience of explanation.

[0019] In Figure 1 etc., reference numeral 1 denotes a building. This building 1 is a single-story structure with a wooden frame. The building 1 is longer in the east-west direction than in the north-south direction overall. The length of the main building portion of the building 1 in this embodiment in the north-south direction is, for example, more than 7 meters, and the length in the east-west direction is, for example, more than 30 meters.

[0020] The roof 2 of the main part of the building 1 (i.e., the superstructure) is a single-pitch roof that slopes downward from the south side to the north side. The roof 2 is supported by roof beams 2a serving as purlins. The roof beams 2a are arranged in the east-west direction and are supported by the exterior walls 1a of the building 1 and a skeleton reinforcement structure 10, which will be described later. Moreover, the roof beams 2a in this embodiment are H-shaped steel beams.

[0021] In this embodiment, the building 1 is a non-residential building. A non-residential building refers to a building that is not used for residential purposes, and is used as, for example, an office, a store, a factory, a warehouse, or various other facilities. In this embodiment, the building 1 is used, for example, as an office. Although the building 1 in this embodiment is a non-residential building, it is not limited to this and may be a residential building.

[0022] The building 1 has an eaves section 3 attached to the main building of the building 1. The eaves section 3 has an entrance porch 3a with stairs, a slope 3b that runs from the part of the entrance porch 3a without stairs to the ground, and a storage room (not shown) that can be used from inside the building 1.

[0023] The entrance porch 3a, excluding the stairs, and the storage room are located below the main body 3c of the sloped roof of the lower shed 3. The slope 3b is a return slope with a landing, and the part of the slope 3b connected to the entrance porch 3a above the landing is located below the main body 3c of the lower shed 3.

[0024] Furthermore, an exterior wall 3d is provided around the eaves section 3, surrounding the portion located below the roof body 3c. However, an opening is formed on the side of the entrance porch 3a where the stairs are provided, and the entrance porch 3a is open to the outdoors.

[0025] There is a vestibulum 4 at a position inside the building 1, just after entering from the entrance porch 3a, and there is an indoor space 5 (i.e., a room) used as an office further inside the building 1 from the vestibulum 4. The indoor space 5 is formed in a rectangular shape in a plan view.

[0026] The indoor space 5 is appropriately divided by a plurality of partition walls 5a, 5b, which are non-load-bearing walls. These partition walls 5a, 5b include the partition wall 5a that separates the vestibules 4 from the indoor space 5. Openings to be used as entrances and exits are appropriately formed in the partition walls 5a, 5b, and fittings are provided to open and close the openings as needed.

[0027] Here, the exterior wall 1a of the building 1 is a load-bearing wall, and the wall adjacent to the roof section 3 (the exterior wall 1a because it is exposed to outdoor air) is also a load-bearing wall. Openings for windows, entrances, etc. are appropriately formed in the exterior wall 1a, and fittings for opening and closing the openings are installed as needed. The indoor space 5 is a space surrounded by the exterior wall 1a, which is a load-bearing wall. In the indoor space 5, no load-bearing wall is arranged perpendicular to the exterior wall 1a in a plan view.

[0028] The building 1 in this embodiment is constructed using a panel construction method in which the building components, such as the walls (exterior walls 1a), floors, and roof 2, are made into panels (wall panels WP, floor panels, and roof panels) in advance at a factory, and then assembled at a construction site. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the building 1 may be constructed of wood, steel, reinforced concrete, or the like using a conventional frame construction method or wall construction method. A panel is a hollow structure made up of vertical and horizontal frame members assembled into a rectangular shape, with auxiliary crosspieces attached vertically and horizontally inside the rectangular frame to form a frame, with face materials attached to one or both sides of the frame, which is usually filled with insulating material such as glass wool or rock wool.

[0029] A ceiling 6 is provided above the indoor space 5, and the space between the ceiling 6 and the roof 2 is an attic space 7. As the roof 2 is a single-pitch roof as described above, the upper part of the attic space 7 is also sloped to one side.

[0030] In the attic space 7 as described above, a structural reinforcement structure 10 is provided, and structures including this structural reinforcement structure 10 include an attic insulation structure, a ceiling support structure, and an attic ventilation structure.

[0031] (frame reinforcement structure) As shown in Figs. 3 to 5, the attic space 7 is provided with a plurality of skeleton reinforcing structures 10 for supporting the load of the roof 2 and for exerting resistance to external forces such as earthquakes and strong winds. The main body reinforcement structure 10 comprises a plurality of first cross members 11 arranged to span between the north and south exterior walls 1a of the building 1, and second cross members 12 arranged to span between these plurality of first cross members 11.

[0032] The first cross member 11 is a solid material with no internal space, and may be a solid material made of, for example, solid wood (square timber: sawn lumber), laminated lumber (LVL), or cross-laminated timber (CLT). It may also be a solid material made of laminated veneer lumber (LVG) as the core material, which is obtained by further longitudinally splicing and laminating and gluing the laminated LVL laminas. In other words, the first cross member 11 is a wooden beam (or a girder). Furthermore, the dimension (beam width) of the first cross member 11 in the thickness direction perpendicular to the length direction is set shorter than the dimension (beam depth) in the height direction perpendicular to the length direction. The beam width of the first cross member 11 is set to about 80 to 100 mm (90 mm in this embodiment), and the beam depth is set to about 300 to 650 mm (606 mm in this embodiment). In addition, since the first cross member 11 has a significantly longer beam length compared to the beam width, it may also be called a high-strength small wall (or small wall, Magusa).

[0033] In this embodiment, four pairs of first horizontal members 11 are installed between the north and south exterior walls 1a. These pairs of first horizontal members 11 are arranged with a spacing S1 (see FIG. 9) between them. In this embodiment, the number of first cross members 11 in one set is two, but this is not limited to two, and one set may contain three or more. However, if the number is too large, there will be overlap with the first cross members 11 in adjacent sets, so the number is determined within a range that does not overlap with the first cross members 11 in adjacent sets. Considering the weight and cost of the first cross members 11 themselves, the strength of the skeleton reinforcement structure 10 itself, etc., a number of two or three per set is preferable.

[0034] Fire-resistant face material 11a is attached to both longitudinal side surfaces and the underside of first cross member 11. In other words, wooden first cross member 11 is provided with fire-resistant performance by being covered with fire-resistant face material 11a. Furthermore, since forming openings in fire-resistant face material 11a would reduce fire-resistant performance, no openings are formed in fire-resistant face material 11a. The fire-resistant surface material 11a is made of plasterboard or reinforced plasterboard, which has fire-resistant properties, as well as other functions such as fire resistance, earthquake resistance, moisture absorption, and mold resistance.

[0035] The second cross member 12 is a solid material made of the same material as the first cross member 11, and is a wooden beam material. The second cross member 12 also has a dimension in the thickness direction (beam width) perpendicular to the length direction that is shorter than the dimension in the height direction (beam depth) perpendicular to the length direction. The beam depth of the second cross member 12 is set shorter than the beam depth of the first cross member 11. In this embodiment, the beam width of the second cross member 12 is set to about 80 to 100 mm (90 mm in this embodiment), and the beam depth is set to about 180 to 360 mm (300 mm in this embodiment). The second cross member 12 may also be called a small beam.

[0036] In this embodiment, a plurality of second cross members 12 are provided to span between pairs of first cross members 11 and function as torsion stoppers. The plurality of second cross members 12 are also arranged at intervals from one another. In this embodiment, the number of second cross members 12 spanning between the plurality of first cross members 11 is two, but this is not limited to this and may be one, or any number equal to or greater than two. However, if the number is too large, they will not fit between the north and south exterior walls 1a. Therefore, taking into consideration the weight and cost of the second cross members 12 themselves, the strength of the skeleton reinforcement structure 10 itself, and the like, it is preferable that the number of second cross members 12 be such that the spacing between each second cross member 12 is approximately 1820 mm to 2275 mm. Furthermore, the spacing S2 between the multiple second cross members 12 is determined based on structural rationality (by structural calculations). In this embodiment, it is set to be approximately the same as the spacing between pairs of first cross members 11. In other words, the frame formed by the two first cross members 11 and the two second cross members 12 is a square or a rectangle close to a square. However, this is not limited to this, and as a result of determining structural rationality, the frame formed by two first horizontal members 11 and two second horizontal members 12 may be rectangular. In other words, the spacing S2 between the multiple second horizontal members 12 may be set wider or narrower than the spacing between pairs of first horizontal members 11.

[0037] In addition, the second cross member 12 may be positioned so that its upper end surface is at the same height as the upper end surface of the first cross member 11, or may be positioned so that it is lower than the upper end surface of the first cross member 11.

[0038] The body reinforcement structure 10 comprises a set of multiple (two in this embodiment) first cross members 11 and multiple second cross members 12 arranged between these first cross members 11, and is therefore formed in a so-called ladder shape (or a grid shape) when viewed in a plane. Here, the ladder refers to a ladder or something resembling a ladder. By forming the first cross member 11 and the second cross member 12 in a ladder shape in this manner, the structure is formed to have high rigidity and to easily distribute the load.

[0039] The skeleton reinforcement structure 10 further includes an upper extension portion that is provided on the first horizontal member 11 and is set to a height from the upper end surface of the first horizontal member 11 to the underside of the roof 2, which is the superstructure. In other words, the upper extension portion complements the height of the first horizontal member 11, allowing the first horizontal member 11 to indirectly support the roof 2, which is the superstructure. In this embodiment, the upper extension portion has a plurality of attic wall panels 13 provided on the upper end surface of the first cross member 11, and a plurality of roof trim panels 14 provided on the upper end surface of the attic wall panels 13 and having upper surfaces inclined in accordance with the angle of the underside of the roof 2.

[0040] Since the roof 2 is a gable roof that slopes downward from the south side to the north side, the height from the top end face of the first cross member 11 is set to be highest on the south side and lowest on the north side, and the gap between the top end face of the first cross member 11 and the roof panel that makes up the roof 2 is formed in the shape of a right triangle. The plurality of attic wall panels 13 provided on the upper end surfaces of the first cross members 11 are made up of the wall panels WP and are formed in a rectangular shape. Since these rectangular attic wall panels 13 are placed in the right-angled triangular gaps, the plurality of attic wall panels 13 are prepared with different height dimensions. The upper ends of the multiple attic wall panels 13 are located directly below the roof panels that make up the roof 2, and their upper end surfaces are arranged horizontally. As a result, a right-angled triangular gap is formed between the underside of the roof 2, which is a single-shed roof. A roof sill panel 14 is installed in this gap.

[0041] The multiple roof trim panels 14 are approximately right-angled triangular adjustment materials that are installed in the right-angled triangular gap between the upper end surfaces of the multiple attic wall panels 13 and the undersides of the roof panels that make up the roof 2, and block the gap. More specifically, the roof panels that make up the roof 2 are equipped with frame members and auxiliary crossbeam members as described above, and have no facing material on their undersides. The roof sill panel 14 is installed along the underside of the frame members or auxiliary crossbeam members of the roof panels that make up the roof 2, with its upper end surface in contact with the underside of the frame members and auxiliary crossbeam members. In other words, the attic wall panel 13 located below the attic wall panel 14 and the first cross member 11 located below the attic wall panel 13 are both positioned below the frame members or auxiliary crossbeam members of the roof panels that make up the roof 2. Since the roof trim panel 14 is arranged in contact with the roof panels that make up the roof 2, the roof 2 is supported by the first cross member 11 via the attic wall panel 13 and the roof trim panel 14. At the lower end of the slope direction of the roof 2, which is a single-shed roof, the distance between the upper end surface of the first cross member 11 and the lower surface of the roof panel that constitutes the roof 2 becomes narrow. In this case, the attic wall panel 13 is not used, and the roof trim panel 14 is directly attached to the upper end surface of the first cross member 11 (see Figure 5).

[0042] The fire-resistant surface material 11a attached to both sides of one of the first cross members 11 (the middle one in the case of a set of three) of the two first cross members 11 is also attached to both sides of the attic wall panel 13 and both sides of the roof panel 14 installed on top of that one first cross member 11. As described above, the upper end surface of the roof sill panel 14 is in contact with the underside of the frame or auxiliary beam member of the roof panels that make up the roof 2, and furthermore, since no opening is formed in the fire-resistant surface material 11a, one of the pair of first cross members 11, and the attic wall panel 13 and roof sill panel 14 installed thereon function as an attic partition wall BW that separates one side of the attic space 7 from the other. In other words, the attic space 7 is divided into multiple areas in the east-west direction by the attic partition wall BW. Here, the attic partition wall is defined by the Enforcement Ordinance of the Building Standards Act and is installed to prevent flames from spreading through the attic. In this embodiment, the attic partition wall BW also serves the same purpose. In other words, the first horizontal member 11, attic wall panel 13, and roof panel 14 that constitute the attic partition wall BW are provided in the structural reinforcement structure 10, so that the structural reinforcement structure 10 not only reinforces the structural frame of the building 1, but also improves the fire resistance of the building 1 by providing the attic partition wall BW.

[0043] The other first horizontal member 11 of the pair of first horizontal members 11 and the attic wall panel 13 and roof trim panel 14 provided thereon do not function as an attic partition wall BW. On the contrary, the other first horizontal member 11, attic wall panel 13, and roof trim panel 14 are configured as a ventilated wall (hereinafter referred to as ventilated wall VW) that connects one side and the other side of the attic space 7 to allow air to circulate. The portion of the ventilation specification wall VW that is allowed to ventilate is any portion of the portion excluding the other first horizontal member 11 to which the fire-resistant surface material 11a is attached.

[0044] 2(a) and 2(d), the structural reinforcement structure 10 provided at the easternmost side of the attic space 7 does not have an attic partition wall BW because the distance to the eastern exterior wall 1a is short. In other words, the first horizontal members 11 on one side and the other side of the structural reinforcement structure 10 provided at the easternmost side of the attic space 7, and the attic wall panels 13 and roof panel 14 provided above them, respectively, both function as ventilation walls VW.

[0045] Furthermore, of the pair of first cross members 11, the fire-resistant surface material 11a attached to both sides of the other first cross member 11 is not attached to both sides of the attic wall panel 13 and both sides of the roof panel 14 installed on the other first cross member 11.

[0046] The roof beams 2a are arranged between adjacent attic partition walls BW and between the attic partition walls BW and the east and west exterior walls 1a. In other words, since no openings are formed in the fire-resistant surface material 11a, when the roof beam 2a is installed, the roof beam 2a is not installed to penetrate the attic partition wall BW (one of the first cross members 11, the attic wall panel 13, and the roof trim panel 14). In contrast, since the fire-resistant surface material 11a is not attached to both sides of the attic wall panel 13 and the roof trim panel 14, which are installed on the other first cross member 11 of the ventilation-specified wall VW, the roof beam 2a is positioned so as to penetrate the attic wall panel 13 and the roof trim panel 14 of the ventilation-specified wall VW. The roof panels that make up the roof 2 are provided so as to span between the plurality of roof beams 2a and between the roof beams 2a and the north and south exterior walls 1a.

[0047] The second cross member 12 does not have any upper extensions (attic wall panels 13 and roof panel 14) like those provided on the first cross member 11, and the upper end surface of the second cross member 12 does not contact the underside of the roof panels that make up the roof 2. Therefore, unlike the first cross member 11, the second cross member 12 does not bear any vertical load.

[0048] (First beam support hardware) FIG. 6 shows an example of a first beam support metal fitting 15 when attaching a roof beam 2a to an attic partition wall BW (one of the first horizontal members 11, attic wall panel 13, roof panel 14) or an exterior wall 1a. As mentioned above, the roof beams 2a are H-shaped steel beams, and as shown in Figure 3, the roof panels that make up the roof 2 are placed on the upper surfaces of the upper flanges. Therefore, the roof beams 2a are arranged in an inclined state to match the inclination of the roof 2.

[0049] The first beam support metal fitting 15 is fixed to the attic partition wall BW or the exterior wall 1a via a reinforcing plate 1b. The reinforcing plate 1b is fixed to the attic partition wall BW or the exterior wall 1a by screws or the like. When the reinforcing plate 1b is fixed to the attic partition wall BW, it is fixed to the attic partition wall BW via a fire-resistant surface material 11a. Such a first beam support hardware 15 has a positioning portion 15a that abuts the upper surface of the reinforcing plate 1b, an attachment portion 15b that hangs down from the positioning portion 15a and abuts the vertical surface of the reinforcing plate 1b, and a beam support portion 15c that protrudes vertically from the attachment portion 15b on the side opposite the positioning portion 15a. The positioning portion 15a and the mounting portion 1b are fixed to the reinforcing plate 1b with fixing materials such as nails and screws. A plurality of through holes 15d are formed in the beam support portion 15c, and nuts 15e are welded to the beam support portion 15c at positions corresponding to the through holes 15d. The web of the roof beam 2a, which is an H-shaped steel, is then bolted to the beam support portion 15c. That is, the web of the roof beam 2a also has through holes formed in it that correspond to the through holes 15d in the beam support portion 15c, so that bolts can be inserted through these through holes and fixed to the nuts 15e. The roof beams 2a are installed between adjacent attic partition walls BW and between the attic partition walls BW and the east and west exterior walls 1a via the first beam support hardware 15 described above.

[0050] (Installation of the first cross member) FIG. 7 shows an example in which a first horizontal member 11 is attached to an exterior wall 1a. As shown in Figure 7, the north exterior wall 1a and the south exterior wall 1a are formed by arranging multiple wall panels WP in the same direction, and a dimension adjustment material AM and a half support material HM (also called a post) are provided at the position where the first cross member 11 spanning between the north and south exterior walls 1a is to be installed.

[0051] The dimension adjusting material AM is set to a height equal to that of the wall panel WP and a width equal to the beam width of the first horizontal member 11. The half support material HM is set to have a height lower than that of the dimension adjusting material AM, and is set to have a width equal to the beam width of the first cross member 11. The dimension-adjusting members AM and the half support members HM are joined together to form a column, and the first cross member 11 is placed on the upper end surface of the half support member HM. That is, the half support members HM are provided on the north and south exterior walls 1a in alignment with both longitudinal ends of the first cross member 11, and these half support members HM support both longitudinal ends of the first cross member 11 from below. This allows the support members 51 to reliably and stably support the first cross member 11, which bears the vertical load. The first horizontal member 11 is fixed to the wall panel WP and the dimension adjustment member AM by fasteners such as screws driven obliquely from the wall panel WP side. The first horizontal member 11 may also be fixed using an adhesive.

[0052] (Installation of the second cross member) FIG. 8 shows an example in which a second cross member 12 is attached to a first cross member 11. A second beam support metal fitting 16 is fixed to the side of the first cross member 11 via a reinforcing plate 1b. The second cross member 12 is supported by the second beam support metal fitting 16.

[0053] The second beam support hardware 16 has a positioning portion 16a that abuts against the upper surface of the reinforcing plate 1b, an attachment portion 16b that hangs down from the positioning portion 16a and abuts against the vertical surface of the reinforcing plate 1b, and a beam support portion 16c that extends and protrudes upward in a U-shape from the attachment portion 16b, and is fixed in place with fastening materials such as nails or screws. Both longitudinal ends of the second cross member 12 are attached to the first cross member 11 via the second beam support hardware 16. In other words, the second cross member 12 is installed so as to span between a pair of first cross members 11 via the second beam support hardware 16.

[0054] In this embodiment, the reinforcing plate 1b is formed long along the length of the first cross member 11, and both ends in the length direction reach both ends of the first cross member 11 in the length direction. Also, in Figure 8, the upper end surface of the first cross member 11 and the upper end surface of the second cross member 12 are at approximately the same height, but this is not limited to this, and the upper end surface of the first cross member 11 may be located higher than the upper end surface of the second cross member 12.

[0055] (Attic insulation structure) As shown in Figs. 3 to 5, an attic insulation structure is provided in the attic space 7 above the ceiling 6. The attic insulation structure includes a heat insulating material 20 and a support structure that supports the heat insulating material 20. In this embodiment, the insulating structure is described as being in the attic space 7 below the roof 2, but this is not limited to this. If the building 1 is multi-story and the structural reinforcement structure 10 is installed between the upper and lower floors, the insulating structure may be installed in the attic space located above the ceiling 6 in the indoor space 5 on the lower floor.

[0056] For example, a rock wool mat is used as the heat insulating material 20. In this embodiment, the thickness of the heat insulating material 20 used is 200 mm, but this is not limited to this and can be changed appropriately depending on the heat insulating performance desired to be imparted to the attic space 7. In addition, the insulating material filled in the internal hollow spaces of the wall panels WP that make up the exterior wall 1a and the insulating material filled in the internal hollow spaces of the roof panels that make up the roof 2 also contribute to insulating the attic space 7.

[0057] The support structure for supporting the insulation material 20 comprises a plurality of hanging beams 21 attached to the sides of the frame members and auxiliary beam members of the roof panels that make up the roof 2 and hanging down, a plurality of siding supports 22 provided at the lower ends of the hanging beams 21, a plurality of sidings 23 fixed to the undersides of the siding supports 22, and a plurality of surface materials 25 attached to the undersides of the plurality of sidings 23 via moisture-proof sheets 24.

[0058] The multiple hanging beams 21 are attached to the sides of the frame members and auxiliary beam members of the roof panel and hang down, so their lengths vary depending on the attachment positions. The sill support 22 is fixed across the sides of the lower ends of multiple hanging beams 21. The plurality of sidings 23 are arranged vertically and horizontally to form a frame shape. Of the plurality of sidings 23, the sidings 23 arranged adjacent to the first horizontal member 11 are fixed to the first horizontal member 11. The sidings 23 arranged adjacent to the exterior wall 1a are fixed to the exterior wall 1a. The fixed positions are above the lower end of the first horizontal member 11, and accordingly the attachment position of the surface member 25 is also above the lower end of the first horizontal member 11. On the other hand, the second horizontal member 12 is located above the surface member 25. The face panels 25 are made of plasterboard or reinforced plasterboard, and have functions such as fire prevention, fire resistance, earthquake resistance, moisture absorption, and mold prevention. The multiple face panels 25 are arranged at a height higher than the lower end of the first cross members 11 (the ceiling support structure described below) by multiple hanging beams 21 or the like. Furthermore, the multiple face panels 25 are bridged between the first cross members 11 in the skeleton reinforcement structure 10, between adjacent skeleton reinforcement structures 10, and between each of the skeleton reinforcement structures 10 and the exterior wall 1a, dividing the attic space 7 into an upper and lower section with the face panels 25 as the boundary.

[0059] The insulation material 20 is laid on the top surface of a panel 25 that is hung from the roof panels that make up the roof 2 by means of hanging beams 21 or the like. The end of this insulation material 20 on the exterior wall 1a side is in contact with the exterior wall 1a, and the end on the first cross member 11 side is in contact with the first cross member 11 to which the fire-resistant panel 11a is attached. In other words, the insulation material 20 is laid all over the top surfaces of the multiple panel members 25. As a result, in the attic space 7, an insulation line and fire-resistance line that includes the panel 25 and the insulation material 2 is formed above the panel 25, making it easier to prevent the transmission of heat and flames in the vertical direction of the building 1. Furthermore, as described above, the insulation material of the exterior wall 1a and the insulation material of the roof 2 also contribute to the insulation of the attic space 7, so the air layer between these insulation materials and the laid insulation material 20 also provides an insulating effect.

[0060] (ceiling support structure) As shown in Figs. 3 to 5, etc., a ceiling support structure for suspending and supporting the ceiling 6 is provided in the attic space 7. In this embodiment, the ceiling support structure is described as being in the attic space 7 below the roof 2, but this is not limited to this. If the building 1 is multi-story and the structural reinforcement structure 10 is installed between the upper and lower floors, the ceiling support structure may be installed in the attic space located above the ceiling 6 in the indoor space 5 on the lower floor. Such a ceiling support structure includes a plurality of steel suspension beams 30, a plurality of wooden suspension beams 31, a plurality of suspension bolts 32, a plurality of siding supports 33, and a plurality of sidings 34.

[0061] The steel suspension beams 30 are H-shaped steel beams that are installed between adjacent skeleton reinforcement structures 10 and between the skeleton reinforcement structures 10 and the east and west exterior walls 1a. The attachment position of the steel suspension beam 30 to the skeleton reinforcement structure 10 is below the face material 25 in the attic insulation structure described above, and is attached to the side surface of the lower end of the first cross member 11 via a fire-resistant face material 11a. The steel suspension beam 30 is attached to the first cross member 11 using the first beam support metal fittings 15 shown in Figure 6. In other words, a reinforcing plate 1b is provided on the side surface of the lower end of the first cross member 11, with the fire-resistant face material 11a sandwiched between them, and the first beam support metal fittings 15 are attached to the reinforcing plate 1b.

[0062] The wooden suspension beam 31 is provided so as to span between a pair of first horizontal members 11 in each skeleton reinforcement structure 10. The wooden suspension beam 31 is attached to the skeleton reinforcement structure 10 below the face plate 25 of the attic insulation structure described above (i.e., below the second cross member 12), and is attached to the side of the lower end of the first cross member 11 via a fire-resistant face plate 11a. The wooden suspension beam 31 can be attached to the first cross member 11 using the second beam support hardware 16 in Figure 8, or other beam support hardware described later can be used (see Figures 12 and 13).

[0063] The suspension bolts 32 are attached to the lower flange of the steel suspension beam 30, which is an H-shaped steel, and are attached to the side of the wooden suspension beam 31, and the positions of the lower ends of each suspension bolt 32 are aligned.

[0064] Steel joist supports 33 are secured to the lower ends of the hanging bolts 32. Furthermore, a plurality of joist supports 34 are provided at the lower ends of the joist supports 33. The ceiling 6 is provided on the lower surfaces of the plurality of joists 34. That is, the ceiling 6 is supported by each of the skeleton reinforcing structures 10 (each of the first horizontal members 11) and the exterior wall 1a. The ceiling 6 comprises plasterboard (which may be reinforced plasterboard) as the ceiling base and non-combustible (or semi-non-combustible) vinyl cloth as the ceiling finish material. That is, the ceiling base, which is plasterboard, is fixed to and supported by the underside of multiple joists 34, and the non-combustible vinyl cloth as the ceiling finish material is attached to the underside of the ceiling base to form the ceiling 6. The ceiling 6 may be made of plasterboard or reinforced plasterboard with a painted surface, or may be decorative plasterboard for interior use.

[0065] In addition, openings for the air conditioners 35 and 36 are appropriately formed in the ceiling 6, and the air conditioners 35 and 36 are installed so that their lower ends are exposed to the indoor space 5. As shown in Figure 5, the air conditioning unit 36 ​​is suspended by a suspension bolt 37a that is suspended from a suspension beam 37 for the air conditioning unit 36 ​​that is spanned between multiple steel suspension beams 30 in the ceiling support structure.

[0066] (Attic ventilation structure) As described above, the building 1 in this embodiment is long in the east-west direction. Therefore, even if ventilation openings are provided at one end and the other end in the east-west direction, the distance between the two ventilation openings is long, making it difficult for air to flow and improving ventilation efficiency (ventilation volume). Furthermore, as described above, the attic space 7 is divided into multiple areas by the attic partition wall BW. Because the ventilated wall VW is configured to allow air to circulate as described above, the attic space 7 is not divided into multiple areas from the perspective of attic ventilation. In light of the above, in this embodiment, an attic ventilation structure for ventilating the attic space 7 is provided for each of a plurality of areas divided by attic partition walls BW. Such an attic ventilation structure includes a ventilation recess 40, a ventilation opening 41, and a ventilation gable 42, as shown in FIGS.

[0067] As shown in Figure 2(c), the ventilation recess 40 refers to a space that is recessed (step-shaped) toward the indoor space 5, and is formed integrally and continuously with the attic space 7. The ventilation recess 40 is located between the first cross members 11 in each skeleton reinforcement structure 10, and faces the north exterior wall 1a of the building 1.

[0068] The ventilation recess 40 has a side wall portion 40a facing the indoor space 5 and a bottom surface portion 40b. The side walls 40a are provided on three sides (south, east, and west) of the ventilation recess 40 that is located below the ceiling 6. The south side wall 40a is provided adjacent to the side edge of the ceiling 6. The east and west side walls 40a are provided at the lower end of the first cross member 11 in each skeleton reinforcement structure 10. The lower surface portion 40b functions as a ceiling in the indoor space 5, and is provided spanning the three side wall portions 40a and the north-side outer wall 1a. In other words, it closes the lower end of the ventilation recess 40. In addition, the above-mentioned heat insulating material 20 is provided continuously in the ventilation recess 40.

[0069] The ventilation opening 41 is a ventilation opening formed in a portion of the exterior wall 1a of the building 1 that faces the ventilation recess 40. That is, the ventilation opening 41 is formed in the north exterior wall 1a of the building 1, and connects the ventilation recess 40 to the outdoor space. The ventilation opening 41 is formed from the lower end to the upper end of the portion of the exterior wall 1a facing the ventilation recess 40, and from the eastern end to the western end of that portion. In particular, the lower end of the ventilation opening 41 is located below the ceiling 6. In other words, the ventilation opening 41 is formed to occupy a wide portion of the portion of the exterior wall 1a facing the ventilation recess 40. This increases the amount of air that can be taken into the attic space 7. Further, a ventilation louver 41a is provided at the ventilation opening 41, and the ventilation opening 41 is closed by this ventilation louver 41a in a state where air can pass through. Furthermore, the ventilation opening 41 and the ventilation louver 41a are located directly below the eaves at the lower end in the slope direction of the roof 2, which is a single-shed roof.

[0070] Ventilation gable 42 is a steel gable provided at the upper end in the gradient direction of roof 2, which is a gable roof, and covers the upper end in the gradient direction of the roof panel that is located highest in the gradient direction among the roof panels that make up roof 2. In other words, ventilation gable 42 is located above ventilation opening 41. This ventilation gable 42 has ventilation holes (not shown) formed therein, which connect the attic space 7 with the outdoor space. In other words, the ventilation gable 42 is a ventilation cover material that covers a portion of the roof 2 while allowing air to circulate through the ventilation holes.

[0071] To supplement this attic ventilation structure, multiple ventilation holes that connect the attic space 7 to the outdoor space are formed in the south exterior wall 1a of the building 1. A ventilation hood 43 is provided on the south exterior wall 1a to close these multiple ventilation holes while allowing air to circulate. Furthermore, ventilation cover materials (not shown) similar to the ventilation gables 42 are provided at the eaves and the east and west side ends of the roof 2, allowing the attic space 7 to communicate with the outdoor space.

[0072] In the attic ventilation structure of this embodiment, the attic space 7 is divided into multiple areas by multiple attic partition walls BW, allowing attic ventilation for each of the multiple areas. Considering the tendency of heated air to rise, the air flow in an attic ventilation structure is usually such that the ventilation holes formed in the ventilation gable 42 are used as the exhaust outlet, in which case outside air is taken in through the ventilation opening 41 and the ventilation holes in the ventilation cover material (not shown). However, this is not limited to this, and outside air may be taken in through the ventilation holes formed in the ventilation gable 42 and exhausted from other locations. Furthermore, to improve ventilation efficiency (ventilation volume), the attic ventilation structure may be equipped with a device such as a ventilation fan.

[0073] (Rules, etc. Pertaining to Building Design) Buildings equipped with the skeleton reinforcement structure 10 may be one-story like the above-mentioned building 1, or two or three stories. The skeleton reinforcement structure 10 (first horizontal member 11, second horizontal member 12) is also applied to the top floor when the building is multi-story, and bears the roof load and attic wall load. However, this is not limiting, and the skeleton reinforcement structure 10 may be provided between upper and lower floors in a multi-story building. In other words, the attic space 7 in the above description may be replaced with a ceiling space above the ceiling of the lower floor. Furthermore, when a floor for the upper floor is provided in applying a skeleton reinforcement structure 10 between upper and lower floors of a building, floor beams are provided between adjacent skeleton reinforcement structures 10 and between the skeleton reinforcement structure 10 and each of the east and west exterior walls 1a, and a floor is provided on the floor beams and skeleton reinforcement structure 10. More specifically, floor panels that make up the floor are provided between multiple floor beams and between the floor beams and each of the north and south exterior walls 1a.

[0074] The first horizontal member 11 is arranged on the bearing wall line L1 or the supporting wall line L2 as shown in Fig. 9. The supporting wall line L2 is also called the support wall line. To prevent buckling when, for example, only one long first horizontal member 11 is used and spanned between the load-bearing walls (north and south exterior walls 1a), multiple first horizontal members 11 are provided and arranged at intervals S1. Furthermore, multiple second horizontal members 12 are arranged between the multiple first horizontal members 11. These multiple second horizontal members 12 are arranged at intervals S2. The interval S1 between the first horizontal members 11 is determined based on the standard dimensions (modules) when designing a building, and is set to 1 to 2 modules in this embodiment. The interval S2 between the second horizontal members 12 is changed as appropriate according to the length of the first horizontal member 11, as described above. In this embodiment, the reference dimension (module) is set to 910 mm, but is not limited to this and may be, for example, 1000 mm or other dimensions.

[0075] The first cross member 11 has an attic wall panel 13 and a roof trim panel 14 on its upper surface, and the roof trim panel 14 is in contact with the roof panels that make up the roof 2, so it bears the vertical load, but the second cross member 12, as described above, has a smaller beam depth than the first cross member 11 and therefore does not bear the vertical load.

[0076] Normally, if the distance between the load-bearing wall lines is increased, a large area cannot be secured without installing walls and pillars within the indoor space 5, but by installing the frame reinforcement structure 10, this can be taken into account in the design, and a large area can be secured for the indoor space 5. However, when introducing the body reinforcement structure 10, it is not completely excluded that walls or pillars may be installed within the indoor space 5; for example, walls or pillars supporting the first cross member 11 may be installed in accordance with the locations where it is desired to partition the indoor space 5.

[0077] 10, bearing walls 50 (or support walls) are arranged on both longitudinal end sides of the first cross member 11, and support members 51 are arranged and fixed along these bearing walls 50, and these support members 51 support both longitudinal end sides of the first cross member 11 from below. This allows the support members 51 to reliably and stably support the first cross member 11, which bears the vertical load. The reference numeral 52a denotes a half dimension adjusting member 52a that is required when a building is designed based on the above-mentioned standard dimensions, and adjusts the width dimension of the bearing wall 50. The bearing wall 50 is also composed of the above-mentioned wall panel WP.

[0078] 11 illustrates an example in which one side of a bearing wall 50 (or a supporting wall) supports the first horizontal members 11 from two directions. That is, this refers to an example in which the first horizontal members 11 are arranged in two parallel directions (directions in which the two first horizontal members 11 extend in diametrically opposite directions in a plan view, starting from the intersection of the bearing wall 50 and the two first horizontal members 11) or in two perpendicular directions. In such an example, support of the first cross member 11 from two directions may cause misalignment. Therefore, in addition to the support member 51, which is a square timber, a half support member 51a, which is a half timber, and in addition to the half dimension adjustment member 52a, which is a half timber, a dimension adjustment member 52, which is a square timber, are used in appropriate combination.

[0079] In Fig. 11(a) and (d), the number of half pieces such as the half receiving material 51a and the half dimension adjusting material 52a is five. In Fig. 11(b) and (e), the number of half pieces is five. In Figures 11(c) and (f), the equivalent of 7 pieces is calculated using half-split materials. In other words, the first cross member 11 in this embodiment is attached to the exterior wall 1a using the dimension-adjusting material AM, which is a half material, and the half-support material HM, as described above. That is, in the example of Fig. 7, there are two half materials, but if the exterior wall 1a supports the first cross member 11 from two directions, for example, misalignment may occur as described above. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 11, square materials and half materials are appropriately combined to support the first cross member 11.

[0080] (Effects of this embodiment) According to this embodiment, the skeleton reinforcement structure 10 includes a set of first horizontal members 11 that are installed between opposing bearing walls (exterior walls) 1a of the skeleton and support a superstructure (e.g., a roof 2) installed on the bearing walls 1a, and a set of second horizontal members 12 that are installed between the set of first horizontal members 11 and connect the set of first horizontal members 11 together. Therefore, the skeleton reinforcement structure 10 is formed in a so-called ladder shape in a plan view. In other words, the skeleton reinforcement structure 10 is formed as a structure that is highly rigid and easily distributes loads. By installing this skeleton reinforcement structure 10 in a building 1, even if the bearing walls exposed in the indoor space 5 of the building 1 are minimized, functions such as supporting the roof 2 and resisting external forces are not impaired, and a large, user-friendly space (indoor space 5) can be secured.

[0081] In addition, the first cross member 11 is further provided with an upper extension (attic wall panel 13, roof panel 14) that is set at a height from the upper end surface of the first cross member 11 to the underside of the roof 2, so that the upper structure can be reliably and stably supported by a set of multiple first cross members 11.

[0082] Furthermore, the attic insulation structure provided in the attic space is provided above the lower ends of the set of first horizontal members 11 and includes face material 25 that divides the attic space into upper and lower sections, and insulation material 20 laid on the upper surface of face material 25, making it easier to prevent heat transfer in the vertical direction of building 1, with face material 25 as the boundary. Furthermore, if face material 25 has fire resistance, it also makes it easier to prevent flames from transferring in the vertical direction of building 1, with face material 25 as the boundary.

[0083] Furthermore, the ceiling support structure provided in the attic space includes a plurality of suspension beams 30, 31 provided at the lower end of the first horizontal member 11 in the skeleton reinforcement structure 10, and a plurality of suspension members 32 (33, 34) attached to the plurality of suspension beams 30, 31 and arranged hanging down, and the ceiling 6 is suspended and supported by the plurality of suspension members 32 (33, 34), so that the ceiling 6 can be supported by the first horizontal member 11 in the skeleton reinforcement structure 10. As a result, the skeleton reinforcement structure 10 can be used not only to reinforce the skeleton of the building 1, but also to support the ceiling 6.

[0084] The attic space is the attic space 7 below the roof 2, and one of the set of first horizontal members 11 has its surface covered with a fire-resistant surface material 11a to form an attic partition wall BW that separates the attic space 7 from one side, thereby preventing flames from spreading through the attic space 7 in accordance with the Building Standards Act Enforcement Ordinance. The structural reinforcement structure 10 not only reinforces the structural frame of the building 1, but also improves the fire resistance of the building 1.

[0085] The attic space is an attic space 7 below the roof 2, and the attic space 7 is provided with multiple structural reinforcement structures 10 and an attic ventilation structure. The attic ventilation structure includes ventilation openings 41 formed in the bearing walls 1a at locations between the first cross members 11 of each structural reinforcement structure 10, and a ventilation cover material (e.g., ventilation gable 42) that covers a predetermined location on the roof 2 above the ventilation openings 41 and allows air to pass through. This allows the attic space 7 to be divided into multiple areas by the structural reinforcement structures 10, and attic ventilation can be achieved for each of the multiple areas using the ventilation openings 41 and the ventilation cover material. This allows ventilation to be achieved for each of the multiple areas, even if the attic space 7 is large or long in one direction, making it difficult to improve ventilation efficiency.

[0086] The attic ventilation structure further includes a ventilation recess 40 that is disposed facing the portion of the bearing wall 1a where the ventilation opening 41 is formed, is formed integrally with the attic space 7, and is recessed toward the indoor space 5 from the ceiling 6. The lower end of the ventilation opening 41 is located below the ceiling 6, so that the opening area of ​​the ventilation opening 41 can be increased accordingly. This allows a larger amount of air to be taken into the attic space 7, improving ventilation efficiency. Also, considering the tendency of heated air to rise, it is possible to take in air from below the ceiling 6 and form an upward air flow, which makes it easier to improve ventilation efficiency.

[0087] [Modification] It should be noted that the embodiments to which the present invention can be applied are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be modified as appropriate without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Modifications will be described below. The following modifications may be combined as much as possible. In each of the following modifications, elements common to the above-described embodiments will be assigned the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof will be omitted or simplified.

[0088] [Variation 1] FIG. 12 shows a modified example in which a first horizontal member 11 is attached to an exterior wall 1a, or a modified example in which a second horizontal member 12 is attached to the first horizontal member 11. Although the case where the first horizontal member 11 is attached to the exterior wall 1a will be described here, the second horizontal member 12 can be attached to the first horizontal member 11 in the same manner.

[0089] A third beam support metal fitting 66 is fixed to the side of the exterior wall 1a facing the attic space 7 via a reinforcing plate 61b fastened to the exterior wall 1a with screws. The first cross member 11 is supported by the third beam support metal fitting 66. The third beam support hardware 66 has a positioning portion 66a that abuts against the upper surface of the reinforcing plate 61b, an attachment portion 66b that hangs down from the positioning portion 66a and abuts against the vertical surface of the reinforcing plate 61b, and a beam support portion 66c that extends and protrudes upward in a U-shape from the attachment portion 66b, and is fixed in place by fixing materials 66d such as nails or screws. The reinforcing plate 61b is formed long along the width direction of the exterior wall 1a (the length direction of the first cross member 11), but is not set to a length that reaches both ends of the width direction of the exterior wall 1a.

[0090] The first cross member 11 is attached to the exterior wall 1a via the above-described third beam support hardware 66. The second cross member 12 can also be attached to the first cross member 11 via such a third beam support hardware 66.

[0091] [Variation 2] FIG. 13 shows another example in which a first horizontal member 11 is attached to an exterior wall 1a, or in which a second horizontal member 12 is attached to a first horizontal member 11. In FIG. Here, a case where the second cross member 12 is attached to the first cross member 11 will be described, but the first cross member 11 can also be attached to the exterior wall 1a in the same manner.

[0092] A fourth beam support hardware 77 for supporting the second beam 12 is fixed to the side of the first cross member 11. This fourth beam support hardware 77 is formed in a roughly U-shape in plan view, with multiple holes 77a formed in both sides at vertically spaced intervals, and grooves 77b formed in the upper and lower ends of both sides. Furthermore, multiple holes 77c are formed in the middle piece between the two sides of the fourth beam support hardware 77 at vertically spaced intervals. The fourth beam support hardware 77 is fixed to the side of the first cross member 11 by abutting its middle piece against the side of the first cross member 11, inserting the bolt into hole 77c, then inserting it into a hole formed in the first cross member 11, and screwing and tightening the nut.

[0093] Furthermore, engagement portions 78 are formed on both longitudinal ends of the second cross member 12 to engage with opposing sides of the fourth beam support hardware 77. These engagement portions 78 have two slits 78a formed on the end face of the second cross member 12 at a distance in the thickness direction of the second cross member 12, and a solid portion 78b formed between these slits 78a. The solid portion 78b is recessed from the end face of the second cross member 12 by the amount of the head of the bolt that secures the fourth beam support hardware 77. Furthermore, holes 78c are formed vertically spaced apart on the side surface of the end of the second cross member 12, and a hole coaxial with the holes 78c is formed in the solid portion 78b.

[0094] The second cross member 12 is attached to the first cross member 11 by engaging its engagement portion 78 with a fourth beam support metal fitting 77 fixed to the side of the first cross member 11. That is, the second cross member 12 is joined to the first cross member 11 by inserting both halves of the fourth beam support hardware 77 into the slit 1a of the second cross member 12, inserting the solid part 78b of the second cross member 12 between the both halves of the fourth beam support hardware 77, and then passing the drift pin through the hole 78c of the second cross member 12, the hole 77a and groove 77b of the fourth beam support hardware 77, and the hole in the solid part 78b.

[0095] The first beam support hardware 15 is used when the object to be attached is made of steel (shaped steel) such as the roof beam 2a. In addition, the second beam support hardware 16 and the fourth beam support hardware 77 are used when the object to be attached is made of wood, such as the first cross member 11 or the second cross member 12, and in this embodiment, either type of second beam support hardware 16 or fourth beam support hardware 77 may be used. Furthermore, the first cross member 11 and the second cross member 12 may be connected by wooden joining without using metal fittings such as the second beam support metal fitting 16 and the fourth beam support metal fitting 77. [Explanation of symbols]

[0096] 1. Building 1a External wall (bearing wall) 2. Roof 2a Roof beam 5. Indoor Space 6. Ceiling 7 Attic space 10 Frame reinforcement structure 11 First horizontal member 11a Fire-resistant surface material 12 Second horizontal member 13 Attic wall panel (upper extension) 14 Roof panel (upper extension) 15 First beam support hardware 16 Second beam support hardware 20. Insulation 25 Surface material 30 Steel hanging beam 31 Wooden hanging beam 32 Hanging bolt 40 Ventilation recess 41 Ventilation openings 41a Ventilation louver 42 Ventilation gable BW Attic Partition VW ventilation wall L1 Load-bearing wall line L2 support wall line S1 Spacing of first cross member S2 Spacing of second cross member

Claims

1. A building in which a skeleton reinforcement structure that reinforces the skeleton of the building is installed in an attic space above the ceiling of an indoor space, Opposing load-bearing walls are provided along the perimeter of the building, The body reinforcement structure includes: a first cross member having a plurality of cross members as one set; a second cross member; a plurality of the sets are provided between the opposing bearing walls, the sets are spaced apart from one another, and the sets support a superstructure provided on the bearing walls; The second cross member is provided between the first cross members constituting each set, and connects the first cross members constituting each set, and the second cross member is disposed at a distance from the superstructure, The second cross member is not spanned between the plurality of sets, The attic space is provided with an attic insulation structure, The above-mentioned ceiling insulation structure is A surface material that is located above the lower end portions of the plurality of first horizontal members and below the upper end portions and divides the ceiling space into upper and lower portions; a heat insulating material that is thicker than the surface material and is laid on the upper surface of the surface material, A building characterized in that the beam length of the set of first cross members is longer than the height dimension from the underside of the panel to the top surface of the insulation material.

2. 2. The building according to claim 1, a ceiling support structure that supports the ceiling is provided in the attic space; The ceiling support structure includes: A plurality of suspension beams provided at the lower end of the first cross member in the skeleton reinforcement structure; A plurality of suspension members attached to the plurality of suspension beams and arranged hanging down, The building is characterized in that the ceiling is suspended and supported by the plurality of suspension members.

3. In the building according to claim 1 or 2, The attic space is an attic space below the roof, A building characterized in that one of the plurality of first cross members in the set has its surface covered with a fire-resistant surface material, forming an attic partition wall that separates the attic space from one side.

4. In the building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, The attic space is an attic space below the roof, A plurality of the body reinforcement structures are provided in the attic space, and an attic ventilation structure is provided, The attic ventilation structure is A ventilation opening formed in a portion of the bearing wall located between the first horizontal members in each of the skeleton reinforcement structures; A building characterized by comprising a ventilation cover material that covers a specific portion of the roof that is located above the ventilation opening and is formed to allow air to flow through.

5. 5. The building according to claim 4, The attic ventilation structure is The ventilation opening is located in the bearing wall, and the ventilation recess is formed integrally with the attic space and is recessed toward the indoor space from the ceiling. The building is characterized in that the lower end of the ventilation opening is located below the ceiling.

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