Contactor module and contactor panel including the contactor module

Abstract

A contactor module for a contactor panel includes a frame member and a contactor medium coupled to the frame member. The contactor module defines a first side and a second side. The contactor medium includes at least one first membrane array including a plurality of first hollow fibers extending along a first fiber axis. The at least one first membrane array defines a first axis. The contactor module further includes at least one second membrane array including a plurality of second hollow fibers extending along a second fiber axis. The at least one second membrane array defines a second axis. The at least one first membrane array and the at least one second membrane array are arranged such that a first tilt angle is defined between the first axis and the second axis. The first tilt angle is greater than zero degrees and less than 180 degrees.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to contactor panels, and more particularly, to contactor modules associated with the contactor panels. [Background technology]

[0002] Contactors are typically used to manipulate fluids to change their mass or heat content. Thus, contactors can be used in evaporative cooling systems, heating systems, humidification systems, dehumidification systems, etc. Contactors can be used to bring two immiscible fluid phases (gas / gas, liquid / liquid, gas / liquid, etc.) into contact with each other to cause mass or heat transfer from one fluid to another.

[0003] Such contactors typically include a contactor medium mounted within a frame member. Conventional contactors include either a wetted cellulose medium or a membrane array, such as that described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,541,302, hereinafter referred to as the '302 patent. The '302 patent describes the use of a flat panel contactor having a plurality of hollow fibers to perform the functions of separation and / or transfer of one fluid to another. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In large-scale applications, the use of a single large contactor may not be feasible due to space constraints and / or replacement service issues. Furthermore, in some cases, multiple contactors may be used to achieve the requirements of a large-scale application. Furthermore, some applications may require contactor placement in a smaller space along with high contactor efficiency. In such applications, it may be necessary to arrange contactors in complex configurations based on space availability and desired contactor efficiency. Especially in applications involving complex contactor configurations, using multiple contactors may involve extended mass or heat transfer, efficiency limitations, and other implementation challenges. Therefore, it is desirable to configure contactor media in a manner that provides improved efficiency while simplifying contactor construction.

[0005] Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a contactor module for a contactor panel. The contactor module includes a frame member. The contactor module also includes a contactor medium coupled to the frame member. The contactor medium defines a first side and a second side. The contactor medium includes at least one first membrane array including a plurality of first hollow fibers extending along a first fiber axis. The at least one first membrane array defines a first axis generally perpendicular to the first fiber axis and extending along the at least one first membrane array. The contactor module also includes at least one second membrane array including a plurality of second hollow fibers extending along a second fiber axis. The at least one second membrane array defines a second axis generally perpendicular to the second fiber axis and extending along the at least one second membrane array. The at least one first membrane array and the at least one second membrane array are arranged such that a first tilt angle is defined between a first axis of the at least one first membrane array and a second axis of the at least one second membrane array, the first tilt angle being greater than zero degrees and less than 180 degrees.

[0006] Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a contactor panel associated with a contactor system. The contactor panel includes a first header including at least one first port that allows a first fluid to be introduced into the first header. The contactor panel also includes a second header including at least one second port that allows the first fluid to be discharged from the second header. The contactor panel further includes a contactor module extending between the first header and the second header. The contactor module includes a frame member. The contactor module also includes a contactor medium coupled to the frame member. The contactor medium defines a first side and a second side. The contactor medium includes at least one first membrane array including a plurality of first hollow fibers extending along a first fiber axis. The at least one first membrane array defines a first axis that is generally perpendicular to the first fiber axis and extends along the at least one first membrane array. The contactor medium also includes at least one second membrane array including a plurality of second hollow fibers extending along a second fiber axis. The at least one second membrane array defines a second axis generally perpendicular to the second fiber axis and extending along the at least one second membrane array. The at least one first membrane array and the at least one second membrane array are arranged such that a first tilt angle is defined between the first axis of the at least one first membrane array and the second axis of the at least one second membrane array. The first tilt angle is greater than zero degrees and less than 180 degrees.

[0007] Some embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a contactor module for a contactor panel. The contactor module includes a frame member. The contactor module also includes a contactor medium coupled to the frame member. The contactor medium defines a first side and a second side. The contactor medium includes at least one first membrane array including a plurality of first hollow fibers extending along a first fiber axis. The at least one first membrane array defines a first axis generally perpendicular to the first fiber axis and extending along the at least one first membrane array. Each first hollow fiber defines a first lumen adapted to receive a first fluid and a first outer surface adapted to contact a second fluid. The contactor medium also includes at least one second membrane array including a plurality of second hollow fibers extending along a second fiber axis. The at least one second membrane array defines a second axis generally perpendicular to the second fiber axis and extending along the at least one second membrane array. Each second hollow fiber defines a second lumen adapted to receive a first fluid and a second exterior surface adapted to contact the second fluid. The at least one first membrane array and the at least one second membrane array are arranged such that a first tilt angle is defined between the first axis of the at least one first membrane array and the second axis of the at least one second membrane array. The first tilt angle is greater than zero degrees and less than 180 degrees. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] Like numbers in the figures refer to like elements. To easily identify any particular element or discussion of an operation, the most significant digit or digits of a reference number may refer to the figure number in which that element is first introduced.

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a contactor system according to certain embodiments discussed herein. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a contactor panel associated with the contactor system of FIG. 1 according to certain embodiments discussed herein. [Figure 3A]FIG. 3 is a cutaway perspective view of a contactor module associated with the contactor panel of FIG. 2 according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 3B] 1A-1C illustrate a contactor medium and a separator structure disposed adjacent the contactor medium according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 3C] FIG. 1 illustrates a contactor medium including a pair of consecutive membrane arrays positioned adjacent to one another, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 4] FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of a membrane array associated with the contactor module of FIG. 3A according to some embodiments discussed herein. [Figure 5A] 3B illustrates a first technique for braiding multiple hollow fibers associated with the contactor module of FIG. 3A according to some embodiments discussed herein. [Figure 5B] 3B illustrates a second technique for braiding multiple hollow fibers associated with the contactor module of FIG. 3A according to some embodiments discussed herein. [Figure 6] 3 is a cross-sectional view of the contactor panel of FIG. 2 according to certain embodiments discussed herein. [Figure 7A] FIG. 3B illustrates a portion of a first membrane array associated with the contactor module of FIG. 3A according to some embodiments discussed herein. [Figure 7B] FIG. 3B illustrates a portion of a second membrane array associated with the contactor module of FIG. 3A according to some embodiments discussed herein. [Figure 8A] 3 illustrates a duct that receives the contactor panel of FIG. 2 according to certain embodiments discussed herein. [Figure 8B] 3 illustrates a duct that receives the contactor panel of FIG. 2 according to certain embodiments discussed herein. [Figure 8C] 3A-3C illustrate the contactor panel of FIG. 2 installed in different orientations according to some embodiments of the disclosure herein. [Figure 8D]3A-3C illustrate the contactor panel of FIG. 2 installed in different orientations according to some embodiments of the disclosure herein. [Figure 9] 2 illustrates an assembly of a contactor panel associated with the contactor system of FIG. 1 according to certain embodiments discussed herein. [Figure 10] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary contactor panel arrangement associated with a contactor system according to some embodiments discussed herein. [Figure 11] 2A-2C illustrate various designs of contactor media associated with the contactor system of FIG. 1 according to certain embodiments discussed herein. [Figure 12] 2A-2C illustrate various designs of contactor media associated with the contactor system of FIG. 1 according to certain embodiments discussed herein. [Figure 13] 2A-2C illustrate various designs of contactor media associated with the contactor system of FIG. 1 according to certain embodiments discussed herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which are shown by way of illustration various embodiments. It is to be understood that other embodiments are contemplated and may be made without departing from the scope or spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the following detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense.

[0011] In the context of the present disclosure, the terms "first" and "second" are used as identifiers. Therefore, such terms should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure. When used in conjunction with features or elements, the terms "first" and "second" can be interchanged throughout the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0012] The present disclosure generally relates to a contactor panel including a contactor module. The contactor panel can be used for mass or heat transfer between fluids in air handling, ventilation, or duct systems. The contactor module includes a contactor medium having several hollow fibers. A first fluid flows through each hollow fiber, and a second fluid contacts the outer surface of each hollow fiber. The teachings of the present disclosure are directed to the use of contactor medium with an improved design that can increase the surface contact area of ​​the second fluid. Furthermore, the placement of the contactor medium increases the total number of hollow fibers in a contactor panel of a given size. The contactor panels described herein provide a high surface area-to-volume ratio, which in turn can result in a compact footprint and system size and can improve the efficiency of the contactor system.

[0013] Additionally, various embodiments of the contactor panels described in this disclosure may be associated with air ducts, ventilation ducts, return air (return air grilles), vents, diffusers, filter housings, and air handling equipment, which may include HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) equipment, HVACR or HVAC&R (heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration) equipment, HACR (heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration) equipment, forced air equipment, ERV (energy recovery ventilation) equipment, AC (air conditioning) equipment, refrigeration equipment, air handlers, and the like.

[0014] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a contactor system 100 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The contactor system 100 described herein may be embodied as an evaporative cooling system, a heating system, a humidification system, and / or a dehumidification system. In the illustrated embodiment, the contactor system 100 is embodied as a closed-loop system. The contactor system 100 includes a contactor panel 106. Furthermore, the operation of the contactor system 100 is independent of the orientation of the contactor panel 106 because the first fluid flowing through the contactor panel 106 does not drip due to gravity. More specifically, the contactor system 100 includes components that direct the first fluid through the contactor panel 106, eliminating the need for an elevated reservoir / distributor.

[0015] The contactor system 100 includes a tank 102. The tank 102 is embodied as a reservoir or container that holds a first fluid therein. In some examples, the first fluid may be pre-cooled or pre-heated based on the application of the contactor system 100. Accordingly, the tank 102 may be in fluid communication with a cooling module (not shown) or a heating module (not shown) to pre-cool or pre-heat the first fluid. In one example, the first fluid is at least one of a liquid and a gas. Furthermore, the first fluid may include a liquid, a gas, a sweep gas, air, forced air, a vacuum, or a combination thereof. The liquid may include, for example, a cold and / or absorptive liquid, a saline solution, a hot and / or hygroscopic liquid, or a liquid desiccant. The type of first fluid may vary based on the application of the contactor system 100. When the contactor system 100 is embodied as an evaporative cooling system, the tank 102 holds water or air therein. Additionally, when contactor system 100 is embodied as a dehumidification system, tank 102 holds liquid desiccant or air therein.

[0016] The contactor system 100 also includes a pump 104. The pump 104 is disposed within a first fluid conduit 105 that provides fluid communication between the tank 102 and the contactor panel 106. The pump 104 pressurizes the first fluid and introduces the pressurized first fluid into the contactor panel 106. In some examples, the pump 104 may be designed to pressurize the first fluid to a pressure of 5 pounds per square inch or less. The pump 104 may also allow for variation in the flow rate of the first fluid directed toward the contactor panel 106. The flow rate of the first fluid may vary based on the size of the contactor system 100 or the application of the system. In some examples, the flow rate may be approximately equal to 0.5 gallons per minute (GPM) to 1 GPM. In other examples, the first fluid may flow at a higher flow rate based on the type of application. The flow of the first fluid through the contactor panel 106 is indicated by first fluid flow "F1." A first fluid flows from the tank 102 through a first fluid conduit 105 toward the contactor panel 106. Additionally, a second fluid conduit 107 provides fluid communication between the tank 102 and the contactor panel 106. The first fluid flows from the contactor panel 106 toward the tank 102 through the second fluid conduit 107. In other embodiments, the contactor system 100 may be designed such that the first fluid drips through the contactor panel 106 by gravity, without limiting the scope of the present disclosure.

[0017] The contactor system 100 further includes a blower assembly 108. The blower assembly 108 directs a second fluid toward the contactor panel 106. The blower unit 108 may be capable of pushing or pulling the second fluid through the contactor panel 106. The flow direction of the second fluid through the contactor panel 106 in an exemplary embodiment, indicated by second fluid flow "F2" in FIG. 1, is transverse to the flow direction of the first fluid. In some embodiments, the flow direction of the second fluid may be "parallel flow" (same direction) or "counterflow" (opposite direction) relative to the flow direction of the first fluid through the contactor panel 106, indicated by first fluid flow "F1" in FIG. 1. In one example, the second fluid is at least one of a liquid and a gas. The second fluid may include a liquid, a gas, a sweep gas, air, forced air, a vacuum, or a combination thereof. The liquid may include, for example, a cold and / or absorbent liquid, a saline solution, a hot and / or hygroscopic liquid, or a liquid desiccant. The type of second fluid may vary based on the application of the contactor system 100. In some examples, a filter (not shown) may be placed upstream of the contactor panel 106 to filter the second fluid before it contacts the contactor modules 120 of the contactor panel 106.

[0018] Referring to FIG. 2, a perspective view of a contactor panel 106 associated with the contactor system 100 is shown. The contactor panel 106 defines a forward end 110 and an aft end 112. The contactor panel 106 includes a first header 114 including at least one first port 116 that allows a first fluid to be introduced into the first header 114. The tank 102 (see FIG. 1) is in fluid communication with the first header 114. The first header 114 is adapted to receive the first fluid from the tank 102. More specifically, the tank 102 is in fluid communication with the first header 114 via the first fluid conduit 105 (see FIG. 1) and the first port 116. The first header 114 is embodied as an inlet header. In the illustrated example, the first header 114 includes a single first port 116 located proximate the rear end 112 of the contactor panel 106. Alternatively, the first header 114 may include a pair of first ports 116. The first port 116 is centrally located relative to the first header 114 and protrudes outwardly from the first header 114. Furthermore, the first header 114 is generally rectangular shaped.

[0019] The contactor panel 106 also includes a second header 118 including at least one second port 117 (shown in FIG. 6 ) that allows the first fluid to be discharged from the second header 118. Furthermore, the tank 102 is in fluid communication with the second header 118. The second header 118 is configured to direct the first fluid toward the tank 102. More specifically, the tank 102 is in fluid communication with the second header 118 via the second fluid conduit 107 and the second port 117. The second header 118 is embodied as an outlet header. In the illustrated example, the second header 118 includes a single second port 117 located proximate the rear end 112 of the contactor panel 106. Alternatively, the second header 118 may include a pair of second ports 117. The second port 117 is centrally disposed relative to the second header 118 and protrudes outward from the second header 118. Furthermore, the second header 118 is generally rectangular shaped.

[0020] As shown, the contactor system 100 includes a contactor module 120. The contactor module 120 extends between a first header 114 and a second header 118. The contactor module 120 includes a frame member 122. The frame member 122 defines a frame portion 124 disposed at the front end 110 of the contactor panel 106. Referring to FIG. 3A , the contactor module 120 also includes a contactor medium 126 coupled to the frame member 122. More specifically, the contactor medium 126 is supported by the frame member 122. In one example, the contactor medium 126 is used as an evaporative cooling medium. In another example, the contactor medium 126 is used as a dehumidifying medium. The contactor medium 126 defines a first side 128 and a second side 130.

[0021] Additionally, the contactor medium 126 includes at least one first membrane array 132 and at least one second membrane array 148. The at least one first membrane array 132 and at least one second membrane array 148 are similar to the hollow fiber membrane arrays described in U.S. Patent No. 9,541,302, hereinafter referred to as the '302 patent. It should be noted that details corresponding to the design, materials, and fabrication of the at least one first membrane array 132 and at least one second membrane array 148 are similar to the design, materials, and fabrication of the hollow fiber membrane arrays described in the '302 patent.

[0022] The contactor medium 126 defines an axis 139. The contactor medium 126 includes at least one first membrane array 132 including a plurality of first hollow fibers 134 (shown in FIG. 7A) extending along a first fiber axis 136 (shown in FIG. 7A). The at least one first membrane array 132 defines a first axis 133 that is generally perpendicular to the first fiber axis 136 and extends along the at least one first membrane array 132. Furthermore, the first hollow fibers 134 may hereinafter be referred to interchangeably as hollow fibers 134. Each first hollow fiber 134 defines a first lumen 138 (shown in FIG. 7A) adapted to receive a first fluid and a first outer surface 140 (shown in FIG. 7A) adapted to contact a second fluid. A wall 142 (shown in FIG. 7A) of each first hollow fiber 134 separates a first lumen 138 from a first exterior surface 140. Each first hollow fiber 134 defines a first end 144 (shown in FIG. 7A) and a second end 146 (shown in FIG. 7A). The first end 144 and the second end 146 are embodied as open ends.

[0023] The contactor medium 126 also includes at least one second membrane array 148 including a plurality of second hollow fibers 150 (shown in FIG. 7B) extending along a second fiber axis 152 (shown in FIG. 7B). The at least one second membrane array 148 defines a second axis 154 that is generally perpendicular to the second fiber axis 152 and extends along the at least one second membrane array 148. Furthermore, the second hollow fibers 150 may hereinafter be referred to interchangeably as hollow fibers 150. Each second hollow fiber 150 defines a second lumen 156 (shown in FIG. 7B) adapted to receive the first fluid and a second outer surface 158 (shown in FIG. 7B) adapted to contact the second fluid. A wall 143 (shown in FIG. 7B) of each second hollow fiber 150 separates the second lumen 156 from the second outer surface 158. Each second hollow fiber 150 defines a first end 160 and a second end 162. First end 160 and second end 162 are embodied as open ends.

[0024] Additionally, the at least one first membrane array 132 and the at least one second membrane array 148 are positioned such that a first tilt angle "A1" is defined between a first axis 133 of the at least one first membrane array 132 and a second axis 154 of the at least one second membrane array 148. The first tilt angle "A1" is greater than zero degrees and less than 180 degrees. In some embodiments, the first tilt angle "A1" is between 2 degrees and 175 degrees. Furthermore, in one example, the at least one first membrane array 132 is connected to the at least one second membrane array 148 adjacent to the first side 128 of the contactor medium 126, and the at least one first membrane array 132 is spaced apart from the at least one second membrane array 148 adjacent to the second side 130 of the contactor medium 126. In another example, at least one first membrane array 132 is connected to at least one second membrane array 148 adjacent to the second side 130 of the contactor medium 126, and the at least one first membrane array 132 is spaced apart from the at least one second membrane array 148 adjacent to the first side 128 of the contactor medium 126.

[0025] In one embodiment, the contactor medium 126 may include a single first membrane array 132 and a single second membrane array 148 disposed at an angle relative to the single first membrane array 132. However, in the illustrated embodiment, the contactor medium 126 includes a plurality of first membrane arrays 132 and a plurality of second membrane arrays 148. More specifically, the contactor medium 126 is a continuous membrane array 135 defining a plurality of first membrane arrays 132 and a plurality of second membrane arrays 148. Furthermore, the contactor medium 126 includes the first membrane arrays 132 and the second membrane arrays 148 that are arranged in an alternating manner. The plurality of first membrane arrays 132 are substantially parallel to one another. Furthermore, the plurality of second membrane arrays 148 are substantially parallel to one another. As shown in the enlarged view of a portion of the contactor medium 126, the junction of the first membrane array 132 and the adjacently disposed second membrane array 148 includes hollow fibers 134, 150 to form a continuous membrane array 135.

[0026] Furthermore, the first tilt angle "A1" between each first membrane array 132 and an adjacently disposed second membrane array 148 may vary based on the total number of first membrane arrays 132, the total number of second membrane arrays 148, the dimensions of the contactor modules 120, etc. It should be noted that the total number of first membrane arrays 132 and the total number of second membrane arrays 148 shown in the accompanying figures are exemplary in nature, and the actual number of first membrane arrays 132 and the actual number of second membrane arrays 148 may vary according to the requirements of the application.

[0027] The contactor medium 126 further defines several first pairs of arrays 137, each including a first membrane array 132 and a second membrane array 148. For each first pair of arrays 137, the first membrane array 132 is connected to an adjacent second membrane array 148 proximate the first side 128 of the contactor medium 126, and each first membrane array 132 is spaced apart from the adjacent second membrane array 148 proximate the second side 130 of the contactor medium 126. The contactor medium 126 further defines several second pairs of arrays 149, each including a first membrane array 132 and a second membrane array 148. For each second pair of arrays 149, the first membrane array 132 is connected to an adjacent second membrane array 148 proximate the second side 130 of the contactor medium 126, and the first membrane array 132 is spaced apart from the adjacent second membrane array 148 proximate the first side 128 of the contactor medium 126. The arrangement of the first membrane array 132 and second membrane array 148 defined herein may increase the contact surface area relative to the available volume. Furthermore, a high surface area-to-volume ratio may translate into a compact system size.

[0028] The use of the above contactor medium 126 can present some unique mechanical challenges, including, but not limited to, first, preventing the contactor medium 126 from opening, unraveling, or spreading, and second, the need to withstand the loads induced by the second fluid flow "F2." The differential pressure created by the pressure drop across the contactor medium 126 creates loads as it acts on the pressure areas of the contactor panel 106.

[0029] These challenges may be addressed by introducing first and second means for structural support 164 and 166. More specifically, contactor module 120 includes a plurality of first means for structural support 164 disposed proximate first side 128 of contactor medium 126 and a plurality of second means for structural support 166 disposed proximate second side 130 of contactor medium 126. Furthermore, each of first and second means for structural support 164 and 166 includes at least one of a bar member and a tension member. In one embodiment, first and second means for structural support 164 and 166 are embodied as bar members. More specifically, first means for structural support 164 and second means for structural support 166 are bar members embodied as rigid articles, including, but not limited to, rods, plates, posts, pillars, studs, stakes, poles, stiffeners, ribs and rib structures, beams, springs, braces, columns, frames, and guides. In other embodiments, first means for structural support 164 and second means for structural support 166 can include, but are not limited to, tension members. More specifically, first means for structural support 164 and second means for structural support 166 are tension members embodied as generally flexible articles, including, but not limited to, wires, strings, filaments, cables, ribbons, threads, lines, yarns, tension springs, and laces.

[0030] The first means for structural support 164 and the second means for structural support 166 are embodied herein as rod-shaped members extending between the first header 114 and the second header 118 (see FIG. 2 ). The contactor medium 126 is at least one of wrapped, folded, and pleated around each of the first means for structural support 164 and the second means for structural support 166. More specifically, the continuous membrane array 135 can be wrapped, folded, or pleated in a V-shaped configuration around each of the means for structural support 164 and the second means for structural support. It should be noted that the continuous membrane array 135 is wrapped, folded, or pleated along an axis 139. In the illustrated example, the continuous membrane array 135 is pleated around the means for structural support 164 and the second means for structural support 166 along the axis 139. Additionally, each of the first means for structural support 164 and the second means for structural support 166 may prevent the contactor medium 126 from opening, unraveling, or unfolding.

[0031] Each of the at least one first membrane array 132 and the at least one second membrane array 148 is a microporous, hydrophobic hollow fiber membrane array. More specifically, each of the first membrane array 132 and each of the second membrane arrays 148 is embodied as a microporous, hydrophobic hollow fiber membrane array. Due to the hydrophobic nature of the first membrane array 132 and each of the second membrane arrays 148, the membrane arrays 132, 148 serve as inert supports, allowing direct contact between the gas and liquid phases without dispersion. Furthermore, a barrier is created between the first and second fluids. The membrane arrays 132, 148 may be manufactured using a dry-stretching process. Each of the first membrane array 132 and each of the second membrane arrays 148 may be made of one or more polymers, such as polyolefin (PO), polypropylene (PP), polymethylpentene (PMP), and poly(4-methyl-1-pentene). Furthermore, the pore size of the hollow fibers 134, 150 of each first membrane array 132 and each second membrane array 148 may be between 0.01 micrometers and 0.05 micrometers. In a particular example, the pore size of the hollow fibers 134, 150 of each first membrane array 132 and each second membrane array 148 may be less than 0.04 micrometers. This may prevent bacteria such as Legionella and / or dissolved minerals from entering the second fluid, thereby reducing the likelihood of surface fouling.

[0032] Referring now to FIG. 3B, a portion of the contactor medium 126 associated with the contactor module 120 is shown. In this embodiment, the contactor module 120 may include at least one separator structure 302 disposed adjacent to the contactor medium 126. The shape of the at least one separator structure 302 is similar to the shape of the contactor medium 126. Thus, the separator structure 302 comprises a generally V-shaped structure. The separator structure 302 is designed so that the contactor medium 126 can receive the separator structure 302 at the first side 128 (see FIG. 3A) or the second side 130 (see FIG. 3B). In the illustrated example, the separator structure 302 comprises a truss-type separator. It should be noted that the shape and design of the separator structure 302 shown herein are exemplary in nature and may vary according to application requirements. In one example, the separator structure 302 is fabricated from a nonwoven material. In some examples, the separator structure 302 may be fabricated from a metal or plastic that is compatible with the second fluid flowing through the contactor module 120. In the illustrated example, the separator structure 302 includes a grill structure having several horizontal bar members and several vertical bar members. However, the separator structure 302 may include other designs. For example, the separator structure 302 may include, but is not limited to, a honeycomb structure, a metal or polymer sheet with numerous through-holes, etc.

[0033] The separator structure 302 may provide support to the contactor medium 126, preventing it from sagging, opening, unraveling, or spreading. The separator structure 302 reduces deflection of the hollow fibers 134, 150 and provides structural stability to the contactor medium 126 against pressure exerted by the second fluid. Additionally, the incorporation of the separator structure 302 may increase the overall thickness of the contactor module 120. Increasing the thickness of the contactor module 120 may increase the exposure time of the second fluid flowing through the contactor module 120, which may result in a reduced pressure drop across the contactor module 120, thereby improving the effectiveness of the contactor module 120.

[0034] FIG. 3C illustrates another embodiment of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the contactor medium 126 includes at least two consecutive membrane arrays 304, 306 disposed adjacent to one another. As illustrated, the contactor medium 126 includes a pair of consecutive membrane arrays 304, 306. However, it should be noted that the total number of consecutive membrane arrays 304, 306 can vary according to application requirements. Each consecutive membrane array 304, 306 is similar to the consecutive membrane array 135 described in connection with FIG. 3A. Furthermore, in the illustrated embodiment, a first separator structure 308 is positioned between the first consecutive membrane array 304 and the second consecutive membrane array 306. The first separator structure 308 is similar to the separator structure 302 described in connection with FIG. 3B.

[0035] The shape of the first separator structure 308 corresponds to the shapes of the first continuous membrane array 304 and the second continuous membrane array 306, such that the first separator structure 308 can be received between the first continuous membrane array 304 and the second continuous membrane array 306. Furthermore, a second separator structure 310, similar to the separator structure 302 described in connection with FIG. 3B, is positioned adjacent to the first continuous membrane array 304. The shape of the second separator structure 310 is similar to the shape of the first continuous membrane array 304. Furthermore, each separator structure 308, 310 includes a generally V-shaped structure.

[0036] It should be noted that the incorporation of multiple consecutive membrane arrays 304, 306 and multiple separator structures 308, 310 may increase the overall thickness of the contactor medium 126. Increasing the thickness of the contactor medium 126 may increase the exposure time of the second fluid flowing through the contactor module 120 and may result in a reduced pressure drop across the contactor module 120, which may improve the effectiveness of the contactor module 120.

[0037] FIG. 4 shows an expanded view of the membrane arrays 132, 148 described in connection with FIG. 3A. The first membrane array 132 and the second membrane array 148 include similar designs and are made of similar materials. To this end, the structures of the first membrane array 132 and the second membrane array 148 will now be described together with reference to FIG. 4. It should be noted that the arrangement of the membrane arrays 132, 148 shown herein is exemplary in nature. Each of the at least one first membrane array 132 and the at least one second membrane array 148 includes at least one membrane layer 167, 169. The at least one membrane layer 167, 169 includes a plurality of hollow fibers 134, 150. In the illustrated embodiment, each of the at least one first membrane array 132 and the at least one second membrane array 148 includes a plurality of membrane layers 167, 169 arranged adjacent to one another. More specifically, each first membrane array 132 and each second membrane array 148 includes a plurality of membrane layers 167, 169 disposed adjacent to one another. The membrane layers 167, 169 may be folded, pleated, or rolled along depths "D1" and "D2" to form a continuous membrane array 135 (see FIG. 3A). Depth "D1" is substantially equal to depth "D2." In the illustrated embodiment, each membrane array 132, 148 includes, but is not limited to, 60 membrane layers. In other embodiments, each membrane array 132, 148 may include 20 membrane layers or 40 membrane layers, depending on the application requirements. Furthermore, each membrane layer 167, 169 includes eight hollow fibers 134, 150. It is contemplated that the total number of membrane layers 167, 169 and the total number of hollow fibers 134, 150 may vary depending on the application requirements. The number of membrane layers 167, 169 and hollow fibers 134, 150 may depend on the desired efficiency of the contactor panel 106. It should be noted that in some instances, the efficiency of the contactor panel 106 may be improved by increasing the number of membrane layers 167, 169 and hollow fibers 134, 150.

[0038] Additionally, the plurality of hollow fibers 134, 150 are woven to form the contactor medium 126 described in connection with FIG. 3A. More specifically, the hollow fibers 134 of the first membrane array 132, 150 and the hollow fibers 134 of the second membrane array 148 are woven to form a continuous membrane array 135 (see FIG. 3A). The first membrane array 132 and the second membrane array 148 are woven into an efficient array that provides a high contact surface area to volume ratio. In one example, as shown in FIG. 5A, the hollow fibers 134, 150 may be woven using several straight yarns 502 to form the contactor medium 126 (see FIG. 3A). More specifically, the hollow fibers 134, 150 may be woven using straight knit mat technology. In another example, as shown in FIG. 5B, the hollow fibers 134, 150 may be woven with cross threads 504 to form the contactor medium 126 (see FIG. 3A). More specifically, the hollow fibers 134, 150 may be woven using cross wound mat technology. Furthermore, in some examples, the membrane arrays 132, 148 may be skewed together. The threads 502, 504 may be made of a material similar to that of the hollow fibers 134, 150. In one example, the threads 502, 504 may be made of PP. The material of the threads 502, 504 may be determined so that the threads 502, 504 are compatible with the second fluid.

[0039] FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional side view of the contactor module 120 of FIG. 3A. As shown herein, to couple the contactor module 120 to the first header 114 and the second header 118, the first end 144 and the second end 146 (see FIG. 7A) of each first hollow fiber 134 (see FIG. 7A) are potted and sealed around the outer diameter of the first hollow fiber 134 using a potting material 602. Additionally, the first end 160 and the second end 162 (see FIG. 7B) of each second hollow fiber 150 are potted and sealed around the outer diameter of the second hollow fiber 150 using a potting material 602. The ends 144, 146, 160, and 162 may be potted and sealed in resin using a potting method such as gravity potting, mold potting, or centrifugal potting. The potting material 602 may include epoxy, thermoplastic resin, polyurethane, or the like. The potting material may seal each first hollow fiber 134 and each second hollow fiber 150 to the first header 114 and the second header 118. It should be noted that the ends 144, 146, 160, 162 are potted such that each first lumen 138 and each second lumen 156 is in fluid communication with the first header 114 and the second header 118, respectively.

[0040] 7A and 7B, each first hollow fiber 134 (see FIG. 7A) defines a first lumen 138 (see FIG. 7A), and each second hollow fiber 150 (see FIG. 7B) defines a second lumen 156 (see FIG. 7B). A first fluid is adapted to flow through the first lumen 138 of each first hollow fiber 134 and the second lumen 156 of each second hollow fiber 150. More specifically, a first fluid received by the first header 114 (see FIGS. 2 and 6) from the tank 102 (see FIG. 1) is directed toward the first lumen 138 of each first hollow fiber 134 and the second lumen 156 of each second hollow fiber 150. The first fluid flows through the first lumen 138 and the second lumen 156 and is introduced into the second header 118 (see FIGS. 2 and 6 ), which then directs the first fluid toward the tank 102.

[0041] Further, each first hollow fiber 134 defines a first outer surface 140 (see FIG. 7A ), and each second hollow fiber 150 defines a second outer surface 158 (see FIG. 7B ). A second fluid is adapted to contact the first outer surface 140 of each first hollow fiber 134 and the second outer surface 158 of each second hollow fiber 150. Further, the blower assembly 108 (see FIG. 1 ) is adapted to direct the second fluid toward the first outer surface 140 of each first hollow fiber 134 and the second outer surface 158 of each second hollow fiber 150.

[0042] Furthermore, compared to conventional contactor media, which typically include flat membrane arrays or wetted cellulose media, the contactor media 126 arranged in a V-shape configuration described herein may provide improved efficiency based on increased contact surface area. In some examples, the contactor media 126 may provide approximately four to eight times the contact surface area provided by conventional contactor media. The high contact surface area-to-volume ratio allows for the use of compact contactor media 126 for a variety of applications.

[0043] Furthermore, when the contactor panel 106 (see FIG. 1 ) is associated with an evaporative cooling system, a first fluid, such as water, flows through the first lumen 138 and the second lumen 156, and a second fluid, such as hot, dry air, flows over the first exterior surface 140 and the second exterior surface 158. The material of the hollow fibers 134, 150 may limit the passage of the first fluid through the walls 142, 143. Thus, only water vapor may pass from the first lumen 138 and the second lumen 156 toward the first exterior surface 140 and the second exterior surface 158 via evaporation. Furthermore, because only water vapor passes through the membrane arrays 132, 148, the need for mist capture screens may be eliminated.

[0044] It should be noted that the pore size of the hollow fibers 134, 150 may be determined so that the pores prevent bacteria and / or other dissolved minerals from entering the second fluid. Thus, the contactor module 120 may be used to filter liquids, degassing liquids, etc. The walls 142, 143 of each first hollow fiber 134 and each second hollow fiber 150, respectively, may serve as an inert medium, allowing the first and second fluids to directly contact each other without dispersion. Furthermore, the discharged second fluid may be cold, humid air. Furthermore, when the contactor panel 106 is used in an evaporative cooling system, both heat transfer and mass transfer occur. It should be noted that mass transfer between the liquid and gas phases is governed by the pressure of the gas phase.

[0045] Furthermore, when the contactor panel 106 is associated with a dehumidification system, the first fluid may be a liquid desiccant and the second fluid may be hot, humid air. The second fluid contacts the first fluid flowing through the first lumen 138 of each first hollow fiber 134 and the second lumen 156 of each second hollow fiber 150. Upon flow of the second fluid over the contactor medium 126, the humidity of the second fluid decreases due to mass transfer between the first and second fluids. The discharged second fluid may be hot, dry air. Furthermore, when the contactor panel 106 is used in a dehumidification system, only mass transfer occurs.

[0046] 8A and 8B, a duct 168 is adapted to receive a contactor panel 106. The duct 168 may be associated with the contactor system 100 (see FIG. 1). The duct 168 defines a longitudinal axis 172. The contactor panel 106 is positioned within a housing member 170 of the duct 168. The housing member 170 may receive a single contactor panel 106 or a pair of contactor panels 106. It should be noted that the orientation of the contactor panel 106 relative to the duct 168 may vary based on the requirements of the application. More specifically, because the contactor system 100 is embodied as a closed-loop system, the contactor panel 120 may be installed in a variety of orientations, as is evident from FIGS. 8A-8D. 8A, the contactor panel 106 is positioned within the housing member 170 such that the first fiber axis 136 (see FIG. 7A) of each first hollow fiber 134 (see FIG. 7A) and the second fiber axis 152 (see FIG. 7B) of each second hollow fiber 150 (see FIG. 7B) are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 172 defined by the duct 168. In another example, as shown in FIG. 8B, the contactor panel 106 is positioned within the housing member 170 such that the first fiber axis 136 (see FIG. 7A) of each first hollow fiber 134 (see FIG. 7A) and the second fiber axis 152 (see FIG. 7B) of each second hollow fiber 150 (see FIG. 7B) are substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis 172 defined by the duct 168.

[0047] 8C , the contactor panel 106 may also be positioned horizontally. In such an example, a first fluid from the tank 102 may be pressurized and directed toward the contactor panel 120 via the first fluid conduit 105. The first fluid returns to the tank 102 via the second fluid conduit 107. The flow of the first fluid through the contactor panel 106 is indicated by first fluid flow “F1.” Additionally, a second fluid may flow over the contactor panel 106. The flow of the second fluid is indicated by second fluid flow “F2.” Thus, the contactor panels 106 described herein may be used in applications with limited vertical space availability or applications requiring the contactor panel 106 to be installed in a specific orientation based on the shape, size, and orientation of the duct 168 (see FIGS. 8A and 8B ) that receives the contactor panel 106.

[0048] As shown in FIG. 8D , the contactor panel 106 may be positioned at an angular orientation. In such an example, a first fluid from the tank 102 may be pressurized and directed toward the contactor panel 106 via a first fluid conduit 105. The first fluid returns to the tank 102 via a second fluid conduit 107. The flow of the first fluid through the contactor panel is indicated by first fluid flow “F1.” Additionally, a second fluid may flow over the contactor panel 106. The flow of the second fluid is indicated by second fluid flow “F2.” Thus, the contactor panels 106 described herein may be used in applications that require the contactor panel 106 to be installed in a specific orientation based on the shape, size, and orientation of the duct 168 (see FIGS. 8A and 8B ) that receives the contactor panel 106.

[0049] FIG. 9 illustrates another embodiment of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, a contactor system 900 includes an assembly 902 of several contactor panels 906. The contactor panels 906 are similar in design and construction to the contactor panels 106 (see FIG. 2) associated with the contactor system 100 described with reference to FIGS. 1-8B. The assembly 902 replaces a single large contactor panel with multiple contactor panels 906. The assembly 902 includes two arrays 908 of contactor panels 906. Each array 908 includes four contactor panels 906. However, the number of arrays 908 and the number of contactor panels 906 within each array 908 can vary based on the requirements of the application. Further, each contactor panel 906 includes a first port 916 (see FIG. 2 ) similar to the first port 116 associated with contactor system 100 and a second port (not shown) similar to the second port 117 (see FIG. 6 ) associated with contactor system 100. Further, each array 908 includes a first fluid conduit 910 similar to the first fluid conduit 105 (see FIG. 1 ) associated with contactor system 100. The first fluid conduit 910 is fluidly coupled to the first port 916. Further, each array 908 includes a second fluid conduit 912 similar to the second fluid conduit 107 (see FIG. 1 ) associated with contactor system 100. The second fluid conduit 912 is fluidly coupled to the second port. The first fluid conduit 910 and the second fluid conduit 912 may be in fluid communication with a tank (not shown) similar to the tank 102 (see FIG. 1 ) associated with the contactor system 100. Instead of a single large contactor panel, an assembly 902 comprised of multiple contactor panels 906 may demonstrate improved efficiency, easier replacement and repair, more convenient storage / handling of the contactor panels 906, and reduced replacement costs.

[0050] 10 illustrates another embodiment of a contactor system 1000 similar to contactor system 100. In this embodiment, contactor system 1000 includes a contactor panel arrangement 1002. More specifically, contactor system 1000 includes at least one first contactor panel 1004 defining a first panel axis 1008 and at least one second contactor panel 1006 defining a second panel axis 1010. The first panel axis 1008 and the second panel axis 1010 may be embodied as longitudinal axes defined by frame members (not shown) of the corresponding contactor panels 1004, 1006. At least one first contactor panel 1004 includes a first membrane array 1012, and at least one second contactor panel 1006 includes a second membrane array 1014. Further, each of the first membrane array 1012 and the second membrane array 1014 is similar to the hollow fiber membrane array described in the '302 patent. The at least one first contactor panel 1004 and the at least one second contactor panel 1006 are arranged such that a second tilt angle "A2" is defined between a first panel axis 1008 and a second panel axis 1010. The second tilt angle "A2" is greater than zero degrees and less than 180 degrees. In some embodiments, the second tilt angle "A2" is between 2 degrees and 175 degrees.

[0051] In the illustrated example, the contactor system 1000 includes a number of first contactor panels 1004, each of which defines a first panel axis 1008. The number of first contactor panels 1004 are substantially parallel to one another. Further, the contactor system 1000 includes a number of second contactor panels 1006, each of which defines a second panel axis 1010. The number of second contactor panels 1006 are substantially parallel to one another. Further, each first contactor panel 1004 is positioned adjacent to a corresponding second contactor panel 1006, such that a second tilt angle "A2" is defined therebetween. More specifically, the contactor panel arrangement 1002 includes contactor panels 1004, 1006 arranged in a V-shape such that each first contactor panel 1004 is positioned at an angle relative to an adjacent second contactor panel 1006.

[0052] Each of the first contactor panel 1004 and the second contactor panel 1006 further includes a first port 1016, 1018 and a second port (not shown), respectively, that allow for the introduction and discharge of a first fluid. The first ports 1016, 1018 and the second port may be in fluid communication with a tank (not shown) similar to the tank 102 of FIG. 1 via fluid conduits (not shown). The arrangement of the first contactor panel 1004 and the second contactor panel 1006 described herein may improve the effectiveness of the contactor system 1000 by increasing the surface contact area between the second fluid and the first membrane array 1012 and the second membrane array 1014.

[0053] Figures 11, 12, and 13 illustrate various embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 11, a contactor medium 1102 is shown. The contactor medium 1102 may be associated with the contactor module 106 of Figures 1 and 2. The contactor medium 1102 includes a continuous membrane array 1104 similar to the continuous membrane array 135 described in connection with Figure 3A. The continuous membrane array 1104 includes several first membrane arrays 1106 and several second membrane arrays 1108. The materials of the first membrane arrays 1106 and the second membrane arrays 1108 are similar to the materials of the first membrane arrays 132 and the second membrane arrays 148 described in connection with Figures 3A-7B. As shown, each first membrane array 1106 is connected to an adjacently disposed second membrane array 1108 at a joint 1110.

[0054] Additionally, the first membrane array 1106 defines a first axis 1112, and the second membrane array 1108 defines a second axis 1114. In the illustrated example, a third tilt angle "A3" is defined between the first axis 1112 and the second axis 1114. The third tilt angle "A3" is greater than zero degrees and less than 180 degrees. In some embodiments, the third tilt angle "A3" is between 2 degrees and 175 degrees. As shown, each first membrane array 1106 and the adjacently disposed second membrane array 1108 converge at opposite ends of the junction 1110 such that a space 1116 is defined therebetween. However, as shown, each set of first membrane array 1106 and second membrane array 1108 is substantially "teardrop" shaped, minimizing the space 1116 defined between the first membrane array 1106 and the second membrane array 1108.

[0055] Referring now to FIG. 12, a contactor medium 1202 is illustrated. The contactor medium 1202 may be associated with the contactor module 106 of FIGS. 1 and 2. The contactor medium 1202 includes a continuous membrane array 1204 similar to the continuous membrane array 135 described in connection with FIG. 3A. The continuous membrane array 1204 includes several first membrane arrays 1206 and several second membrane arrays 1208. The materials of the first membrane arrays 1206 and second membrane arrays 1208 are similar to the materials of the first membrane arrays 132 and second membrane arrays 148 described in connection with FIGS. 3A-7B. As shown, each first membrane array 1206 is connected to an adjacently disposed second membrane array 1208 at a joint 1210.

[0056] Additionally, the first membrane array 1206 defines a first axis 1212, and the second membrane array 1208 defines a second axis 1214. In the illustrated example, a third tilt angle "A3" is defined between the first axis 1212 and the second axis 1214. The third tilt angle "A3" is greater than zero degrees and less than 180 degrees. In some embodiments, the third tilt angle "A3" is between 2 degrees and 175 degrees. As shown, each first membrane array 1206 and the adjacently disposed second membrane array 1208 converge at opposite ends of the junction 1210 such that a space 1216 is defined therebetween. It should be noted that the space 1216 is larger than the space 1116 (see FIG. 11 ) defined between the first membrane array 1106 and the second membrane array 1108 (see FIG. 11 ). Furthermore, it should be noted that the continuous membrane array 1204 is designed such that the third tilt angle "A3" defined between the first axis 1212 and the second axis 1214 is smaller than the third tilt angle "A3" defined between the first axis 1112 of the first membrane array 1106 (see FIG. 11) and the second axis 1114 of the second membrane array 1108 (see FIG. 11).

[0057] FIG. 13 illustrates yet another design for a contactor medium 1302. The contactor medium 1302 may be associated with the contactor module 106 of FIGS. 1 and 2. In this embodiment, the contactor medium 1302 includes a continuous membrane array 1304 similar to the continuous membrane array 135 described in connection with FIG. 3A. The continuous membrane array 1304 includes several first membrane arrays 1306 and several second membrane arrays 1308. The materials of the first membrane arrays 1306 and the second membrane arrays 1308 are similar to the materials of the first membrane arrays 132 and the second membrane arrays 148 described in connection with FIGS. 3A-7B. As shown, each first membrane array 1306 is connected to an adjacently disposed second membrane array 1308 at a joint 1310. In the illustrated example, the first membrane arrays 1306 are substantially parallel to the second membrane arrays 1308. As shown, the first membrane array 1306 defines a first axis 1312 and the second membrane array 1308 defines a second axis 1314 that is substantially parallel to the first axis 1312 .

[0058] When used in an evaporative cooling system, the contactor panels 106, 906 and contactor panel arrangement 1002 described herein reduce the amount of water that may be required for operation due to their high water vapor efficiency. Furthermore, the contactor panels 106, 906 described herein can be retrofitted to existing contactor systems with minimal modification to the contactor system design. Furthermore, the contactor panels 106, 906 and contactor panel arrangement 1002 can be used interchangeably for different applications, such as humidification or dehumidification. It should be noted that the contactor panels 106, 906 associated with the contactor systems 100, 900 and the contactor panel arrangement 1002 associated with the contactor system 1000 described herein can also be used in large-scale applications, such as data centers. For example, the contactor panels 106, 906 and contactor panel arrangement 1002 may be associated with evaporative cooling systems for data centers, other spaces where electronic devices are installed, commercial applications, etc. Additionally, the contactor panels 106, 906 and contactor panel arrangement 1002 may be used in a variety of applications for heating, cooling, humidification, and / or dehumidification without limiting the scope of the present disclosure. Additionally, the contactor panels 106, 906 and contactor panel arrangement 1002 may provide improved cooling performance in a compact footprint.

[0059] Various embodiments of the present invention have been described. These and other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. In the following, exemplary embodiments are presented. [Item 1] 1. A contactor module for a contactor panel, the contactor module comprising: A frame member; a contactor medium coupled to the frame member, the contactor medium defining a first side and a second side, the contactor medium comprising: at least one first membrane array including a plurality of first hollow fibers extending along a first fiber axis, the at least one first membrane array defining a first axis generally perpendicular to the first fiber axis and extending along the at least one first membrane array; at least one second membrane array including a plurality of second hollow fibers extending along a second fiber axis, the at least one second membrane array defining a second axis generally perpendicular to the second fiber axis and extending along the at least one second membrane array; the at least one first membrane array and the at least one second membrane array are arranged such that a first tilt angle is defined between the first axis of the at least one first membrane array and the second axis of the at least one second membrane array, the first tilt angle being greater than zero degrees and less than 180 degrees; Contactor module. [Item 2] Item 10. The contactor module of item 1, wherein the contactor medium comprises a plurality of first membrane arrays and a plurality of second membrane arrays. [Item 3] Item 3. The contactor module of item 2, wherein the contactor medium comprises alternating first and second membrane arrays. [Item 4] 3. The contactor module of claim 2, wherein the plurality of first membrane arrays are substantially parallel to one another. [Item 5] 3. The contactor module of claim 2, wherein the plurality of second membrane arrays are substantially parallel to one another. [Item 6] 3. The contactor module of claim 2, wherein the contactor medium is a continuous membrane array that defines the plurality of first membrane arrays and the plurality of second membrane arrays. [Item 7] 7. The contactor module of claim 6, wherein the contactor medium comprises at least two consecutive membrane arrays disposed adjacent to each other. [Item 8] 2. The contactor module of claim 1, further comprising: a plurality of first means for structural support positioned adjacent the first side of the contactor medium; and a plurality of second means for structural support positioned adjacent the second side of the contactor medium. [Item 9] 9. The contactor module of claim 8, wherein the contactor medium is at least one of wrapped, folded, or pleated around each of the first means for structural support and the second means for structural support. [Item 10] Item 9. The contactor module of item 8, wherein the first means for structural support and the second means for structural support each include at least one of a bar member and a tension member. [Item 11] Item 1 , the contactor module further comprising at least one separator structure disposed adjacent to the contactor medium. [Item 12] Item 12. The contactor module of item 11, wherein the shape of the at least one separator structure is similar to the shape of the contactor medium. [Item 13] 2. The contactor module of claim 1, wherein the at least one first membrane array is connected to the at least one second membrane array adjacent to the first side of the contactor medium, and the at least one first membrane array is spaced apart from the at least one second membrane array adjacent to the second side of the contactor medium. [Item 14] 2. The contactor module of claim 1, wherein the at least one first membrane array is connected to the at least one second membrane array adjacent to the second side of the contactor medium, and the at least one first membrane array is spaced apart from the at least one second membrane array adjacent to the first side of the contactor medium. [Item 15] Item 1. The contactor module of item 1, wherein each first hollow fiber defines a first lumen and each second hollow fiber defines a second lumen, and wherein a first fluid flows through the first lumen of each first hollow fiber and the second lumen of each second hollow fiber. [Item 16] Item 16. The contactor module of item 15, wherein the first fluid is at least one of a liquid and a gas. [Item 17] Item 16. A contactor panel including the contactor module according to item 15, wherein the contactor panel comprises: a first header in fluid communication with the first lumen of each first hollow fiber and the second lumen of each second hollow fiber, the first header including at least one first port allowing the first fluid to be introduced into the first header; a second header in fluid communication with the first lumen of each first hollow fiber and the second lumen of each second hollow fiber, the second header including at least one second port that allows the first fluid to exit the second header; Contactor panel. [Item 18] the at least one first contactor panel defining a first panel axis and at least one second contactor panel defining a second panel axis, the at least one first contactor panel including a first membrane array and the at least one second contactor panel including a second membrane array; the at least one first contactor panel and the at least one second contactor panel are arranged such that a second tilt angle is defined between the first panel axis and the second panel axis, the second tilt angle being greater than zero degrees and less than 180 degrees; Item 18. The contactor panel according to item 17. [Item 19] Item 18. The contactor module of item 17, wherein a tank is in fluid communication with the first header, the first header adapted to receive the first fluid from the tank. [Item 20] 20. The contactor module of claim 19, wherein the tank is in fluid communication with the second header, the second header directing the first fluid toward the tank. [Item 21] Item 1. The contactor module of item 1, wherein each first hollow fiber defines a first outer surface and each second hollow fiber defines a second outer surface, and wherein a second fluid contacts the first outer surface of each first hollow fiber and the second outer surface of each second hollow fiber. [Item 22] 22. The contactor module of claim 21, wherein the second fluid is at least one of a liquid and a gas. [Item 23] Item 22. The contactor module of item 21, wherein a blower assembly is adapted to direct the second fluid toward the first outer surface of each first hollow fiber and the second outer surface of each second hollow fiber. [Item 24] Item 1 , the contactor module of item 1, wherein a duct is adapted to receive the contactor module, the duct defining a longitudinal axis. [Item 25] Item 25. The contactor module of item 24, wherein the first fiber axis of each first hollow fiber and the second fiber axis of each second hollow fiber are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis defined by the duct. [Item 26] Item 25. The contactor module of item 24, wherein the first fiber axis of each first hollow fiber and the second fiber axis of each second hollow fiber are substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis defined by the duct. [Item 27] Item 1, wherein each of the at least one first membrane array and the at least one second membrane array is a microporous, hydrophobic hollow fiber membrane array. [Item 28] Item 1, wherein each of the at least one first membrane array and the at least one second membrane array comprises at least one membrane layer, and the at least one membrane layer comprises a plurality of hollow fibers. [Item 29] Item 29. The contactor module of item 28, wherein the plurality of hollow fibers are woven to form the contactor medium. [Item 30] Item 29. The contactor module of item 28, wherein each of the at least one first membrane array and the at least one second membrane array includes a plurality of membrane layers disposed adjacent to one another. [Item 31] 2. The contactor module according to item 1, wherein the first tilt angle is between 2 degrees and 175 degrees. [Item 32] Item 1. The contactor module according to item 1, wherein the contactor medium is used as an evaporative cooling medium. [Item 33] Item 1. The contactor module according to item 1, wherein the contactor medium is used as a dehumidifying medium. [Item 34] 1. A contactor panel associated with a contactor system, the contactor panel comprising: a first header including at least one first port that allows a first fluid to be introduced into the first header; a second header including at least one second port that allows the first fluid to exit the second header; a contactor module extending between the first header and the second header, the contactor module comprising: A frame member; a contactor medium coupled to the frame member, the contactor medium defining a first side and a second side, the contactor medium comprising: at least one first membrane array including a plurality of first hollow fibers extending along a first fiber axis, the at least one first membrane array defining a first axis generally perpendicular to the first fiber axis and extending along the at least one first membrane array; at least one second membrane array including a plurality of second hollow fibers extending along a second fiber axis, the at least one second membrane array defining a second axis generally perpendicular to the second fiber axis and extending along the at least one second membrane array; the at least one first membrane array and the at least one second membrane array are arranged such that a first tilt angle is defined between the first axis of the at least one first membrane array and the second axis of the at least one second membrane array, the first tilt angle being greater than zero degrees and less than 180 degrees; Contactor panel. [Item 35] Item 35. The contactor panel of item 34, wherein the contactor medium comprises a plurality of first membrane arrays and a plurality of second membrane arrays. [Item 36] Item 36. The contactor panel of item 35, wherein the contactor medium comprises alternating first and second membrane arrays. [Item 37] Item 36. The contactor panel of item 35, wherein the plurality of first membrane arrays are substantially parallel to one another. [Item 38] Item 36. The contactor panel of item 35, wherein the plurality of second membrane arrays are substantially parallel to one another. [Item 39] Item 36. The contactor panel of item 35, wherein the contactor medium is a continuous membrane array that defines the plurality of first membrane arrays and the plurality of second membrane arrays. [Item 40] 40. The contactor panel of claim 39, wherein the contactor medium comprises at least two consecutive membrane arrays disposed adjacent to each other. [Item 41] Item 35. The contactor panel of item 34, wherein the contactor module includes a plurality of first means for structural support positioned proximate the first side of the contactor medium and a plurality of second means for structural support positioned proximate the second side of the contactor medium. [Item 42] Item 42. The contactor panel of item 41, wherein the contactor medium is at least one of wrapped, folded, or pleated around each of the first means for structural support and the second means for structural support. [Item 43] Item 42. The contactor module of item 41, wherein the first means for structural support and the second means for structural support each include at least one of a bar member and a tension member. [Item 44] Item 35. The contactor panel of item 34, further comprising at least one separator structure disposed adjacent to the contactor medium. [Item 45] Item 45. The contactor panel of item 44, wherein the shape of the at least one separator structure is similar to the shape of the contactor media. [Item 46] Item 35. The contactor panel of item 34, wherein the at least one first membrane array is connected to the at least one second membrane array adjacent to the first side of the contactor medium, and the at least one first membrane array is spaced apart from the at least one second membrane array adjacent to the second side of the contactor medium. [Item 47] 35. The contactor panel of claim 34, wherein the at least one first membrane array is connected to the at least one second membrane array adjacent to the second side of the contactor medium, and the at least one first membrane array is spaced apart from the at least one second membrane array adjacent to the first side of the contactor medium. [Item 48] Item 35. The contactor panel of item 34, wherein the first fluid is at least one of a liquid and a gas. [Item 49] Item 35. The contactor panel of item 34, wherein each first hollow fiber defines a first lumen and each second hollow fiber defines a second lumen, and wherein the first fluid flows through the first lumen of each first hollow fiber and the second lumen of each second hollow fiber. [Item 50] Item 50. The contactor panel of item 49, wherein the first header is in fluid communication with the first lumen of each first hollow fiber and the second lumen of each second hollow fiber, directing the first fluid toward the first lumen of each first hollow fiber and the second lumen of each second hollow fiber. [Item 51] Item 50. The contactor panel of item 49, wherein the second header is in fluid communication with the first lumen of each first hollow fiber and the second lumen of each second hollow fiber to receive the first fluid discharged from the first lumen of each first hollow fiber and the second lumen of each second hollow fiber. [Item 52] Item 35. The contactor panel of item 34, wherein a tank is in fluid communication with the first header, the first header adapted to receive the first fluid from the tank. [Item 53] Item 53. The contactor panel of item 52, wherein the tank is in fluid communication with the second header, the second header directing the first fluid toward the tank. [Item 54] Item 35. The contactor panel of item 34, wherein each first hollow fiber defines a first outer surface and each second hollow fiber defines a second outer surface, and wherein a second fluid contacts the first outer surface of each first hollow fiber and the second outer surface of each second hollow fiber. [Item 55] Item 55. The contactor panel of item 54, wherein the second fluid is at least one of a liquid and a gas. [Item 56] Item 55. The contactor panel of item 54, wherein a blower assembly is adapted to direct the second fluid toward the first outer surface of each first hollow fiber and the second outer surface of each second hollow fiber. [Item 57] Item 35. The contactor panel of item 34, wherein a duct is adapted to receive the contactor panel, the duct defining a longitudinal axis. [Item 58] Item 58. The contactor panel of item 57, wherein the first fiber axis of each first hollow fiber and the second fiber axis of each second hollow fiber are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis defined by the duct. [Item 59] Item 58. The contactor panel of item 57, wherein the first fiber axis of each first hollow fiber and the second fiber axis of each second hollow fiber are substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis defined by the duct. [Item 60] Item 35. The contactor panel of item 34, wherein each of the at least one first membrane array and the at least one second membrane array is a microporous, hydrophobic hollow fiber membrane array. [Item 61] Item 35. The contactor panel of item 34, wherein each of the at least one first membrane array and the at least one second membrane array comprises at least one membrane layer, and the at least one membrane layer comprises a plurality of hollow fibers. [Item 62] Item 62. The contactor panel of item 61, wherein the plurality of hollow fibers are woven to form the contactor medium. [Item 63] Item 62. The contactor panel of item 61, wherein each of the at least one first membrane array and the at least one second membrane array includes a plurality of membrane layers disposed adjacent to one another. [Item 64] Item 35. The contactor panel according to item 34, wherein the first tilt angle is 2 degrees to 175 degrees. [Item 65] Item 35. The contactor panel of item 34, wherein the contactor medium is used as an evaporative cooling medium. [Item 66] Item 35. The contactor panel of item 34, wherein the contactor medium is used as a dehumidifying medium. [Item 67] the at least one first contactor panel defining a first panel axis and at least one second contactor panel defining a second panel axis, the at least one first contactor panel including a first membrane array and the at least one second contactor panel including a second membrane array; the at least one first contactor panel and the at least one second contactor panel are arranged such that a second tilt angle is defined between the first panel axis and the second panel axis, the second tilt angle being greater than zero degrees and less than 180 degrees; 35. A contactor system including the contactor panel according to item 34. [Item 68] 1. A contactor module for a contactor panel, the contactor module comprising: A frame member; a contactor medium coupled to the frame member, the contactor medium defining a first side and a second side, the contactor medium comprising: at least one first membrane array including a plurality of first hollow fibers extending along a first fiber axis, the at least one first membrane array defining a first axis generally perpendicular to the first fiber axis and extending along the at least one first membrane array, each first hollow fiber defining a first lumen adapted to receive a first fluid and a first outer surface adapted to contact a second fluid; at least one second membrane array including a plurality of second hollow fibers extending along a second fiber axis, the at least one second membrane array defining a second axis generally perpendicular to the second fiber axis and extending along the at least one second membrane array, each second hollow fiber defining a second lumen adapted to receive the first fluid and a second outer surface adapted to contact the second fluid; the at least one first membrane array and the at least one second membrane array are arranged such that a first tilt angle is defined between the first axis of the at least one first membrane array and the second axis of the at least one second membrane array, the first tilt angle being greater than zero degrees and less than 180 degrees; Contactor module. [Item 69] Item 69. The contactor module of item 68, wherein the contactor medium comprises a plurality of first membrane arrays and a plurality of second membrane arrays. [Item 70] 70. The contactor module of claim 69, wherein the contactor medium comprises alternating first and second membrane arrays. [Item 71] 70. The contactor module of claim 69, wherein the plurality of first membrane arrays are substantially parallel to one another. [Item 72] 70. The contactor module of claim 69, wherein the plurality of second membrane arrays are substantially parallel to one another. [Item 73] 70. The contactor module of claim 69, wherein the contactor medium is a continuous membrane array that defines the plurality of first membrane arrays and the plurality of second membrane arrays. [Item 74] Item 74. The contactor module of item 73, wherein the contactor medium comprises at least two consecutive membrane arrays positioned adjacent to each other. [Item 75] Item 69. The contactor module of item 68, further comprising: a plurality of first means for structural support positioned adjacent the first side of the contactor medium; and a plurality of second means for structural support positioned adjacent the second side of the contactor medium. [Item 76] Item 76. The contactor module of item 75, wherein the contactor medium is at least one of wrapped, folded, or pleated around each of the first means for structural support and the second means for structural support. [Item 77] Item 76. The contactor module of item 75, wherein the first means for structural support and the second means for structural support each include at least one of a bar member and a tension member. [Item 78] Item 69. The contactor module of item 68, further comprising at least one separator structure positioned adjacent the contactor medium. [Item 79] Item 79. The contactor module of item 78, wherein the shape of the at least one separator structure is similar to the shape of the contactor media. [Item 80] Item 69. The contactor module of item 68, wherein the at least one first membrane array is connected to the at least one second membrane array adjacent to the first side of the contactor medium, and the at least one first membrane array is spaced apart from the at least one second membrane array adjacent to the second side of the contactor medium. [Item 81] Item 69. The contactor module of item 68, wherein the at least one first membrane array is connected to the at least one second membrane array adjacent to the second side of the contactor medium, and the at least one first membrane array is spaced apart from the at least one second membrane array adjacent to the first side of the contactor medium. [Item 82] Item 69. The contactor module of item 68, wherein the first fluid is at least one of a liquid and a gas. [Item 83] Item 69. The contactor module of item 68, wherein the second fluid is at least one of a liquid and a gas. [Item 84] Item 69. The contactor module of item 68, wherein a blower assembly is adapted to direct the second fluid toward the first outer surface of each first hollow fiber and the second outer surface of each second hollow fiber. [Item 85] Item 69. A contactor panel including the contactor module according to item 68, wherein the contactor panel comprises: a first header in fluid communication with the first lumen of each first hollow fiber and the first lumen of each second hollow fiber, the first header including at least one first port that allows the first fluid to be introduced into the first header; a second header in fluid communication with the first lumen of each first hollow fiber and the second lumen of each second hollow fiber, the second header including at least one second port that allows the first fluid to exit the second header; Contactor panel. [Item 86] the at least one first contactor panel defining a first panel axis and at least one second contactor panel defining a second panel axis, the at least one first contactor panel including a first membrane array and the at least one second contactor panel including a second membrane array; the at least one first contactor panel and the at least one second contactor panel are arranged such that a second tilt angle is defined between the first panel axis and the second panel axis, the second tilt angle being greater than zero degrees and less than 180 degrees; 86. The contactor panel of item 85. [Item 87] Item 86. The contactor module of item 85, wherein a tank is in fluid communication with the first header, the first header adapted to receive the first fluid from the tank. [Item 88] Item 86. The contactor module of item 85, wherein the tank is in fluid communication with the second header, the second header directing the first fluid toward the tank. [Item 89] Item 69. The contactor module of item 68, wherein a duct is adapted to receive the contactor module, the duct defining a longitudinal axis. [Item 90] Item 90. The contactor module of item 89, wherein the first fiber axis of each first hollow fiber and the second fiber axis of each second hollow fiber are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis defined by the duct. [Item 91] Item 90. The contactor module of item 89, wherein the first fiber axis of each first hollow fiber and the second fiber axis of each second hollow fiber are substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis defined by the duct. [Item 92] Item 69. The contactor module of item 68, wherein each of the at least one first membrane array and the at least one second membrane array is a microporous, hydrophobic hollow fiber membrane array. [Item 93] Item 69. The contactor module of item 68, wherein each of the at least one first membrane array and the at least one second membrane array comprises at least one membrane layer, and the at least one membrane layer comprises a plurality of hollow fibers. [Item 94] Item 94. The contactor module of item 93, wherein the plurality of hollow fibers are woven to form the contactor medium. [Item 95] Item 94. The contactor module of item 93, wherein each of the at least one first membrane array and the at least one second membrane array includes a plurality of membrane layers disposed adjacent to one another. [Item 96] Item 69. The contactor module according to item 68, wherein the first tilt angle is between 2 degrees and 175 degrees. [Item 97] Item 69. The contactor module of item 68, wherein the contactor medium is used as an evaporative cooling medium. [Item 98] Item 69. The contactor module of item 68, wherein the contactor medium is used as a dehumidifying medium.

Claims

1. 1. A contactor module for a contactor panel, the contactor module comprising: A frame member; a contactor medium coupled to the frame member, the contactor medium defining a first side and a second side, the contactor medium comprising: at least one first membrane array including a plurality of first hollow fibers extending along a first fiber axis, the at least one first membrane array defining a first axis generally perpendicular to the first fiber axis and extending along the at least one first membrane array; at least one second membrane array including a plurality of second hollow fibers extending along a second fiber axis, the at least one second membrane array defining a second axis generally perpendicular to the second fiber axis and extending along the at least one second membrane array; the first hollow fibers and the second hollow fibers are woven to form the contactor medium; the at least one first membrane array and the at least one second membrane array are arranged such that a first tilt angle is defined between the first axis of the at least one first membrane array and the second axis of the at least one second membrane array, the first tilt angle being greater than zero degrees and less than 180 degrees; the contactor medium includes a plurality of first membrane arrays and a plurality of second membrane arrays; the contactor medium is a continuous membrane array that defines the plurality of first membrane arrays and the plurality of second membrane arrays; the contactor module further comprising a plurality of first means for structural support disposed proximate the first side of the contactor medium, and a plurality of second means for structural support disposed proximate the second side of the contactor medium. Contactor module.

2. 2. The contactor module of claim 1, wherein each first hollow fiber defines a first lumen and each second hollow fiber defines a second lumen, and wherein a first fluid flows through the first lumen of each first hollow fiber and the second lumen of each second hollow fiber.

3. 1. A contactor panel associated with a contactor system, the contactor panel comprising: a first header including at least one first port that allows a first fluid to be introduced into the first header; a second header including at least one second port that allows the first fluid to exit the second header; a contactor module extending between the first header and the second header, the contactor module comprising: A frame member; a contactor medium coupled to the frame member, the contactor medium defining a first side and a second side, the contactor medium comprising: at least one first membrane array including a plurality of first hollow fibers extending along a first fiber axis, the at least one first membrane array defining a first axis generally perpendicular to the first fiber axis and extending along the at least one first membrane array; at least one second membrane array including a plurality of second hollow fibers extending along a second fiber axis, the at least one second membrane array defining a second axis generally perpendicular to the second fiber axis and extending along the at least one second membrane array; the first hollow fibers and the second hollow fibers are woven to form the contactor medium; the at least one first membrane array and the at least one second membrane array are arranged such that a first tilt angle is defined between the first axis of the at least one first membrane array and the second axis of the at least one second membrane array, the first tilt angle being greater than zero degrees and less than 180 degrees; the contactor medium includes a plurality of first membrane arrays and a plurality of second membrane arrays; the contactor medium is a continuous membrane array that defines the plurality of first membrane arrays and the plurality of second membrane arrays; the contactor module further comprising a plurality of first means for structural support disposed proximate the first side of the contactor medium, and a plurality of second means for structural support disposed proximate the second side of the contactor medium. Contactor panel.

4. 1. A contactor module for a contactor panel, the contactor module comprising: A frame member; a contactor medium coupled to the frame member, the contactor medium defining a first side and a second side, the contactor medium comprising: at least one first membrane array including a plurality of first hollow fibers extending along a first fiber axis, the at least one first membrane array defining a first axis generally perpendicular to the first fiber axis and extending along the at least one first membrane array, each first hollow fiber defining a first lumen adapted to receive a first fluid and a first exterior surface adapted to contact a second fluid; at least one second membrane array including a plurality of second hollow fibers extending along a second fiber axis, the at least one second membrane array defining a second axis generally perpendicular to the second fiber axis and extending along the at least one second membrane array, each second hollow fiber defining a second lumen adapted to receive the first fluid and a second exterior surface adapted to contact the second fluid; the first hollow fibers and the second hollow fibers are woven to form the contactor medium; the at least one first membrane array and the at least one second membrane array are arranged such that a first tilt angle is defined between the first axis of the at least one first membrane array and the second axis of the at least one second membrane array, the first tilt angle being greater than zero degrees and less than 180 degrees; the contactor medium includes a plurality of first membrane arrays and a plurality of second membrane arrays; the contactor medium is a continuous membrane array that defines the plurality of first membrane arrays and the plurality of second membrane arrays; the contactor module further comprising a plurality of first means for structural support disposed proximate the first side of the contactor medium, and a plurality of second means for structural support disposed proximate the second side of the contactor medium. Contactor module.

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