Horizontal rigid structure

Abstract

To provide a lateral stiffening structure capable of reducing weight, securing a wide underfloor space, and not requiring much labor from the viewpoint of management.SOLUTION: The lateral stiffening structure includes a beam 2, a deck plate 3 placed on the beam 2, a brace member 6 placed between the beam 2 and the deck plate 3, and a beam connecting hardware 1 for connecting a lower end portion 6a of the brace member 6 to a lower flange portion 12 of the beam 2. An upper end portion 6b of the brace member 6 is connected to the deck plate 3. The lower end portion 6a of the brace member 6 is connected to the lower flange portion 12 of the beam 2 via the beam connecting hardware 1. The beam connecting hardware 1 covers both upper surface, both side surfaces, and a lower surface of the lower flange portion 12 centering on a web portion 13 of the beam 2, and produces the bearing pressure effect. The lower end portion 6a of the brace member 6 is connected at a portion covering one upper surface of the lower flange portion 12 of the beam connecting hardware 1.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention provides a horizontal stiffening structure. To make It is related to. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, a floor structure having beams extending laterally and deck plates placed on the beams is known, for example, from the technology disclosed in Patent Document 1. In the conventional technology disclosed in Patent Document 1, a sub-beam is provided for the main girder. Furthermore, in the conventional technology disclosed in Patent Document 1, a second beam is provided between the main girder and the sub-beam, thereby realizing a lateral stiffening structure to suppress lateral buckling of the beams.

[0003] Furthermore, for example, Patent Documents 2 and 3 disclose conventional techniques in which high-strength bolts are used to frictionally join joining members to beams. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-290684 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2019-031890 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-002268 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] However, when a horizontal stiffener such as a grand beam is placed between a pair of beams as in the conventional technology disclosed in Patent Document 1, the span of the horizontal stiffener becomes long, which causes a problem of increasing the weight of the entire floor structure.Furthermore, in the conventional technology disclosed in Patent Document 1, such a horizontal stiffener is installed in a bridging form between a pair of beams in the underfloor space, which may cause a problem of restrictions on the placement of pipes and ducts that pass through the underfloor space.

[0006] Furthermore, when using high-strength bolts for friction joints as in the prior art disclosed in Patent Documents 2 and 3, in order to establish a mechanical friction joint, friction surface treatment such as red rust or blast treatment is required to ensure a certain coefficient of slip, which poses a problem of requiring a lot of effort from the viewpoint of management.

[0007] Furthermore, when connecting members are combined as in the conventional technology disclosed in Patent Document 3, the bending strength and rigidity of the components to be combined with the connecting members are small, so the thickness of the components becomes excessive in areas where structural strength is required, which increases the weight of the beams and ultimately the weight of the entire floor structure.

[0008] The present invention has been devised in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its object is to provide a horizontal stiffening structure that can reduce weight, ensure a large underfloor space, and does not require much labor from the viewpoint of maintenance. Construction The purpose is to provide. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] The horizontal stiffening structure of the first invention comprises a beam, a deck plate placed on the beam, a knee brace member placed between the beam and the deck plate, and a beam connecting hardware that connects the lower end of the knee brace member to the lower flange portion of the beam, wherein the upper end of the knee brace member is connected to the deck plate and the lower end of the knee brace member is connected to the lower flange portion of the beam via the beam connecting hardware, and the beam connecting hardware covers both upper and lower surfaces and the lower surface of the lower flange portion centered on the web portion of the beam, thereby generating a support effect, and the lower end of the knee brace member is connected to the beam connecting hardware at a portion that covers one upper surface of the lower flange portion.

[0010] The horizontal stiffening structure of the second invention is characterized in that, in the first invention, the beam connecting hardware is formed by joining the ends of an upper plate member arranged above the lower flange portion of the beam and a lower plate member arranged below the lower flange portion of the beam.

[0011] The horizontal stiffening structure according to the third invention is characterized in that, in the second invention, the upper plate member and the lower plate member each have an extension portion extending from one end thereof, and these extension portions are bent at an angle from the horizontal direction and fixed and connected with fastening members to form a support mechanism.

[0012] The lateral stiffening structure of the fourth invention is characterized in that, in the third invention, the necessary plate elements of the upper plate member and the lower plate member, the necessary elements of the fastening member, and the necessary angle from the horizontal direction at the extension portion are set so as to be able to suppress lateral buckling of the beam material against forces that may be input from the lower end of the knee brace member.

[0013] The horizontal stiffening structure of the fifth invention is characterized in that, in any of the second to fourth inventions, a spacer having a thickness sufficient to fill the gap between the upper surface of the lower flange portion of the beam and the upper plate member is provided between the two. [Effects of the Invention]

[0015] According to the horizontal stiffening structures of the first to fifth inventions, there is no need to span a horizontal stiffening member such as a grand beam between a pair of beams, and there is no need to make the plate thickness of the beam connecting hardware excessively thick, so weight can be reduced and a large underfloor space can be ensured. Furthermore, according to the horizontal stiffening structures of the first to fourth inventions, there is no need for friction surface treatment such as red rust or blasting, so it does not require much effort from the perspective of maintenance.

[0016] In particular, according to the horizontal stiffening structure of the second invention, the beam connecting hardware is formed by joining the ends of an upper plate member arranged above the lower flange portion of the beam and a lower plate member arranged below the lower flange portion of the beam, so that the beam connecting hardware can be easily attached to the beam.

[0017] In particular, according to the horizontal stiffening structure of the third invention, the upper plate member and the lower plate member each have an extension portion extending from one end thereof, and these extension portions are bent at an angle from the horizontal direction and fixed and connected with fastening members to form a pressure-bearing mechanism, so that a bolted joint can be used, which is a pressure-bearing joint that does not require friction surface treatment.

[0018] In particular, according to the lateral stiffening structure of the fourth invention, the necessary plate elements of the upper plate member and the lower plate member, the necessary elements of the fastening member, and the necessary angle from the horizontal direction at the extension portion are set so that lateral buckling of the beam material can be suppressed against forces that may be input from the lower end of the knee brace member, so that the simple configuration eliminates the need to make the plate thickness of the beam connecting hardware excessively large.

[0019] In particular, according to the horizontal stiffening structure of the fifth invention, a spacer of a thickness sufficient to fill the gap between the upper surface of the lower flange portion of the beam and the upper plate member is provided between the two. Therefore, even if the plate thickness of the lower flange portion of the beam is different, the spacer serves to adjust the plate thickness, so that beam connecting hardware of the same size can be used. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0021] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a horizontal stiffening structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a schematic configuration of the lateral stiffening structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an upper structure near a knee brace member in the horizontal stiffening structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a lower structure near the knee brace members in the lateral stiffening structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention, viewed from diagonally above. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing the lower structure near the knee brace members in the lateral stiffening structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention, viewed from below the front. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the lower structure near the knee brace members in the lateral stiffening structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention, viewed obliquely from below. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a lower structure near the knee brace members in the lateral stiffening structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention, viewed obliquely from the side. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a lower structure near the knee brace members in the lateral stiffening structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention, viewed obliquely from above and from the front. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing the lower structure near the knee brace members in the lateral stiffening structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention, viewed obliquely from above on the back side. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing the lower structure near the knee brace members in the lateral stiffening structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention, viewed obliquely from below on the back side. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a lower structure near a knee brace member in a lateral stiffening structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing a lower structure near a knee brace member in a lateral stiffening structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13] 13(a) and 13(b) are schematic diagrams showing the structure in the vicinity of the beam connecting hardware in the horizontal stiffening structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 14] 14(a) and 14(b) are schematic diagrams showing the structure in the vicinity of a beam connecting hardware in a horizontal stiffening structure according to the second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 15] Figure 15(a) is a schematic diagram of when only the bolt yields in tension, Figure 15(b) is a schematic diagram of when both the beam and the bolt yield, and Figure 15(c) is a schematic diagram of when only the beam yields in bending. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the beam material and the upper plate member of the beam connector. [Figure 17] 17(a) to 17(c) are schematic diagrams showing the yield patterns of the upper plate members or bolts of the beam connector hardware against shear force. [Figure 18] 18(a) to 18(f) are graphs showing the required plate thickness of the upper plate member of the beam connector hardware for each angle of the extension part relative to the beam depth. [Figure 19] 19(a) and 19(b) are schematic diagrams showing the yield patterns of the lower plate members or bolts of the beam connectors against shear forces. [Figure 20] FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram showing the axial yield pattern of the lower plate member of the beam connector under tension. [Figure 21] 21(a) to 21(o) are graphs showing the required plate thickness of the lower rib provided on the lower plate member of the beam connector hardware for each angle of the extension part and for each plate thickness of the lower plate member relative to the beam depth. [Figure 22] 22(a) to 22(o) are graphs showing the required plate thickness of the lower rib provided on the lower plate member of the beam connector relative to the beam depth for each plate thickness of the lower plate member at each angle of the extension part. [Figure 23] FIG. 23 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a horizontal stiffening structure according to another embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0022] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] [Embodiment 1] First, a horizontal stiffening structure and a beam connecting hardware according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described.

[0024] Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a schematic configuration of a horizontal stiffening structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view showing a schematic configuration of a horizontal stiffening structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing an upper structure near the knee brace members in the horizontal stiffening structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Figs. 4 to 10 are perspective views showing a lower structure near the knee brace members in the horizontal stiffening structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the horizontal stiffening structure 100 of the present invention comprises a beam 2, a deck plate 3 arranged on the beam 2, concrete 4 poured on the deck plate 3, a knee brace member 6 arranged between the beam 2 and the deck plate 3, and a beam connecting hardware 1 that connects the lower end 6b of the knee brace member 6 to the lower flange portion 12 of the beam 2.

[0026] The beam 2 is a member extending horizontally. The beam 2 is made of H-shaped steel and has an upper flange portion 11 that extends left and right at the upper end, a lower flange portion 12 that extends left and right at the lower end, and a web portion 13 that extends vertically between them. The upper flange portion 11, lower flange portion 12, and web portion 13 of the beam 2 extend in the longitudinal direction.

[0027] In each figure, one horizontal direction is the X-axis direction, and the horizontal direction perpendicular to the X-axis direction is the Y-axis direction. In this case, as shown in FIG. 2, the horizontal stiffening structure 100 includes beams 2A and 2B extending in the Y-axis direction and beams 2C and 2D extending in the X-axis direction. Beams 2A and 2B are arranged facing each other while being spaced apart in the X-axis direction. Beam 2A is arranged on the negative side of the X-axis direction, and beam 2B is arranged on the positive side of the X-axis direction. Beams 2C and 2D are arranged facing each other while being spaced apart in the Y-axis direction. Beam 2C is arranged on the negative side of the Y-axis direction, and beam 2D ​​is arranged on the positive side of the Y-axis direction. Column 7A is provided between beam 2A and beam 2C. Column 7B is provided between beam 2A and beam 2D. Column 7C is provided between beam 2B and beam 2C. Column 7D is provided between beam 2B and beam 2D.

[0028] In this embodiment 1, reinforcing beams 2E and 2F extending in the Y-axis direction are provided midway between a pair of beams 2A and 2B facing each other in the X-axis direction. Beams 2E and 2F are spaced apart from the other beams in the X-axis direction and span between beams 2C and 2D. Knee brace members 8 are provided near the joints between beams 2C and 2D and beam 2C. Knee brace members 8 are also provided near the joints between beams 2C and 2D and beam 2D. These knee brace members 8 have the same structure as knee brace members 6, which will be described later, except that their upper ends are connected to the undersides of beams 2E and 2F.

[0029] The deck plate 3 is a plate-like member disposed on the beam 2. As shown in FIG. 1, the deck plate 3 is disposed on the upper surface of the upper flange 11 of the beam 2. As shown in FIG. 2, the deck plate 3 is rectangular, with its four sides supported by the beams 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D. Although not shown, the deck plate 3 has alternating peaks and valleys in the Y-axis direction. The peaks protrude upward from the bottom surfaces of the valleys. The peaks extend parallel to each other in the X-axis direction and are spaced apart from each other in the Y-axis direction. The valleys also extend parallel to each other in the Y-axis direction and are spaced apart from each other in the Y-axis direction. The deck plate 3 also has an upper wall, a bottom wall 3d, and a side wall 3e (not shown). The side wall 3e is a wall connecting the upper wall and bottom wall 3d (not shown). In this case, the top wall portion and the side wall portion 3e (not shown) form the peak portion, and the bottom wall portion 3d and the side wall portion 3e form the valley portion (see FIG. 3).

[0030] As shown in Figure 1, concrete 4 is poured onto the upper surface of the deck plate 3. The concrete 4 is filled into the valleys of the deck plate 3 up to a position higher than the top surface of the peaks. By pouring the concrete 4 onto the deck plate 3 in this way, a floor slab 10 is formed. Note that the concrete 4 is not shown in Figure 2.

[0031] The knee brace member 6 is a member arranged between the beam 2 and the deck plate 3. The lower end 6a of the knee brace member 6 is connected to the beam 2, and the upper end 6b of the knee brace member 6 is connected to the deck plate 3. The knee brace member 6 is a member that extends diagonally upward in a straight line near the corner between the beam 2 and the deck plate 3. The lower end 6a of the knee brace member 6 is connected to the vicinity of the lower flange portion 12. The lower end 6a of the knee brace member 6 is connected to a position closer to the deck plate 3 than the web portion 13 (the positive side in the X-axis direction in FIG. 1 ). The upper end 6b of the knee brace member 6 is connected to the underside of the deck plate 3 at a position away from the beam 2. This allows the deck plate 3 to function as a lateral stiffener for the beam 2. The knee brace member 6 can also reinforce the deck plate 3.

[0032] In this embodiment 1, as shown in Fig. 2, the knee brace members 6 are provided so as to extend from the beam 2A to the positive side in the X-axis direction. The knee brace members 6 are provided at multiple locations (three locations) on the beam 2A so as to be spaced apart from each other in the Y-axis direction. The knee brace members 6 are provided so as to extend from the beam 2B to the negative side in the X-axis direction. The knee brace members 6 are provided at multiple locations (three locations) on the beam 2B so as to be spaced apart from each other in the Y-axis direction.

[0033] The structure of the knee brace member 6 will be described in further detail with reference to FIG. 3 and FIGS.

[0034] As shown in Figures 3 and 4 to 10, a pair of knee brace members 6A, 6B are provided at each lateral stiffening location. The knee brace members 6A, 6B are steel members extending longitudinally with a U-shaped cross section. Each knee brace member 6A, 6B has a bottom wall 6c and a pair of side walls 6d, 6e rising from the bottom wall 6c. The bottom wall 6c of the knee brace member 6A and the bottom wall 6c of the knee brace member 6B are positioned opposite each other in the Y-axis direction. The side walls 6d, 6e of the knee brace member 6A and the side walls 6d, 6e of the knee brace member 6B protrude in opposite directions in the Y-axis direction. The cross-sectional shape of the knee brace members 6A, 6B is not particularly limited. Furthermore, the knee brace member 6 does not necessarily have to be composed of two members; the number of constituent materials can be changed as appropriate. For example, the knee brace member 6 may be composed of H-shaped steel or the like.

[0035] As shown in Fig. 3, the upper end portions 6b of the knee brace members 6A, 6B are connected to the deck plate 3 via upper connecting hardware 20. In this embodiment 1, the upper connecting hardware 20 is fixed to the deck plate 3 with bolts 21 and nuts 21a. The upper end portions 6b of the knee brace members 6A, 6B are also fixed to the upper connecting hardware 20 with bolts 22. As a result, the upper end portions 6b of the knee brace members 6A, 6B are connected to the deck plate 3 via the bolts 22, the upper connecting hardware 20, the bolts 21, and the nuts 21a.

[0036] The upper connecting hardware 20 has a main body 24 that is fixed to the deck plate 3 and fixing pieces 26 that fix the knee brace members 6A, 6B. The main body 24 is composed of a plate-shaped member that is fixed to the underside of the bottom wall 3d of the deck plate 3. The main body 24 extends parallel to the bottom wall 3d of the deck plate 3. Through holes for inserting bolts 21 are formed in the bottom wall 3d of the deck plate 3 and the main body 24. Therefore, by inserting the bolts 21 into each through hole and fastening them, the main body 24 is fixed to the bottom wall 3d of the deck plate 3. The bolts 21 are arranged to extend upward from the bottom wall 3d of the deck plate 3. As a result, when concrete 4 is poured, the bolts 21 become integrated with the floor slab 10, as shown in FIG. 1.

[0037] The fixing piece 26 is a plate-shaped member extending downward from the underside of the main body 24. The fixing piece 26 extends parallel to the bottom wall 6c of the knee brace members 6A and 6B. The fixing piece 26 is sandwiched between the bottom wall 6c of the knee brace member 6A and the bottom wall 6c of the knee brace member 6B. Through holes for inserting bolts 22 are formed in the bottom wall 6c of the knee brace member 6A, the bottom wall 6c of the knee brace member 6B, and the fixing piece 26. Therefore, by inserting the bolts 22 into the through holes and fastening them, the bottom wall 6c of the knee brace member 6A and the bottom wall 6c of the knee brace member 6B are fixed to the fixing piece 26 with the fixing piece 26 sandwiched between them.

[0038] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 to 10, the lower ends 6a of the knee brace members 6A and 6B are connected to an upper rib 1b provided on an upper plate member 1A of a beam connector 1 (described later). Specifically, the bottom wall 6c of the knee brace member 6A and the bottom wall 6c of the knee brace member 6B sandwich the rib 1b between them. The bottom wall 6c of the knee brace member 6A, the bottom wall 6c of the knee brace member 6B, and the rib 1b each have a through-hole (not shown) for inserting a bolt 17. By inserting the bolt 17 into each through-hole (not shown) and screwing in a nut 17a, the bottom wall 6c of the knee brace member 6A and the bottom wall 6c of the knee brace member 6B are fixed to the rib 1b with the rib 1b sandwiched between them. The bolt 17 is inserted into the knee brace members 6A and 6B not in the vertical direction but in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the vertical direction. This allows the knee brace members 6A, 6B to rotate around one of the bolts 17 as a fulcrum. The through-hole (not shown) for the other bolt 17 may be an elongated hole to allow relative movement of this bolt 17. In this case, by rotating the knee brace members 6A, 6B, the attachment position of the upper end portion 6b relative to the deck plate 3 can be adjusted.

[0039] As shown in Figures 4 to 10, the beam connector 1 is formed by joining the ends of an upper plate member 1A and a lower plate member 1B. In other words, the beam connector 1 covers both upper and lower surfaces and the bottom of the lower flange 12 of the beam 2, centered on the web 13, and its bearing effect suppresses deformation of the lower flange 12. Note that this bearing effect refers to the effect of suppressing deformation of the lower flange 12 due to the axial tensile resistance of the plate elements of the beam connector 1 (the plate elements of the upper plate member 1A and the lower plate member 1B) against the contact reaction force between the lower flange 12 and the beam connector 1. More specifically, in this beam connecting hardware 1, the upper plate member 1A and the lower plate member 1B have extension portions 1A-3 and 1B-2 extended from one end of each, and these extension portions 1A-3 and 1B-2 are bent at an angle θ from the horizontal direction and fixed and connected with bolts 16 and nuts 16a to form a support mechanism (see also Figures 13(a) and 13(b)).

[0040] The upper plate member 1A has a portion 1A-1 that covers one upper surface of the lower flange portion 12 of the beam material 2, centered on the web portion 13, a portion 1A-2 that covers one side surface of the lower flange portion 12 of the beam material 2, and an extension portion 1A-3. The upper rib 1b described above is erected substantially vertically so as to extend in the X-axis direction in the middle of the portion 1A-1 that covers one upper surface of the lower flange portion 12 of the beam material 2, centered on the web portion 13. The shape of this rib 1b is not limited to the triangular shape shown in the figure.

[0041] The lower plate member 1B has a portion 1B-1 that covers the underside of the lower flange portion 12 of the beam 2, an extension portion 1B-2, a portion 1B-3 that covers the other side of the lower flange portion 12 of the beam 2, centered on the web portion 13, and a portion 1B-4 that covers the other upper surface of the lower flange portion 12 of the beam 2, centered on the web portion 13. A lower rib 1c is provided approximately vertically between the portion 1B-1 that covers the underside of the lower flange portion 12 of the beam 2 and the extension portion 1B-2, extending in the X-axis direction. The shape of this rib 1c is not limited to the triangular shape shown in the figure. Furthermore, multiple ribs 1c may be provided.

[0042] In this beam connecting hardware 1, the necessary plate elements of the upper plate member 1A and the lower plate member 1B, the necessary elements of the bolt 16 and the nut 16a, and the necessary angle θ from the horizontal direction of the extension parts 1A-3 and 1B-2 are set so that lateral buckling of the beam 2 can be suppressed by the force that may be input from the lower end part 6a of the knee brace member 6. Specific details will be explained in the examples below.

[0043] According to the lateral stiffening structure 100 of the first embodiment of the present invention described above, as shown by the two-dot chain line in Fig. 1, there is no need to span a lateral stiffening member 80 such as a grand beam between a pair of beams 2, and there is no need to make the plate thickness of the beam connecting hardware 1 excessively thick, so it is possible to reduce weight and ensure a large underfloor space SP. Furthermore, according to the lateral stiffening structure 100 of the first embodiment, there is no need for friction surface treatment such as red rust or blasting, so it does not require much effort from the viewpoint of maintenance.

[0044] Furthermore, according to the horizontal stiffening structure 100 of this embodiment 1, the beam connecting hardware 1 is formed by joining the ends of an upper plate member 1A arranged above the lower flange portion 12 of the beam material 2 and a lower plate member 1B arranged below the lower flange portion 12 of the beam material 2, so that the beam connecting hardware 1 can be easily attached to the beam material 2.

[0045] Furthermore, according to the lateral stiffening structure 100 of this embodiment 1, the upper plate member 1A and the lower plate member 1B have extension portions 1A-3, 1B-2 extending from one end of each, and these extension portions 1A-3, 1B-2 are bent at an angle θ from the horizontal direction and fixed and connected with bolts 16 and nuts 16a to form a pressure-bearing mechanism, so that a bolted joint can be used, which is a pressure-bearing joint that does not require friction surface treatment.

[0046] Furthermore, according to the lateral stiffening structure 100 of this embodiment 1, the necessary plate elements of each of the upper plate member 1A and the lower plate member 1B, the necessary elements of the bolt 16 and nut 16a, and the necessary angle θ from the horizontal direction at the extension portions 1A-3 and 1B-2 are set so as to be able to suppress lateral buckling of the beam material 2 against the force that may be input from the lower end portion 6a of the knee brace member 6, so that the simple configuration does not require the plate thickness of the beam connecting hardware 1 to be excessively large.

[0047] Furthermore, the beam connector 1 according to the first embodiment can achieve the effects of the lateral stiffening structure 100 according to the first embodiment described above.

[0048] [Embodiment 2] Next, a lateral stiffening structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.

[0049] Fig. 11 is a perspective view showing a lower structure near a knee brace member in a lateral stiffening structure according to embodiment 2 of the present invention. Fig. 12 is a perspective view showing a lower structure near a knee brace member in a lateral stiffening structure according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0050] The difference between the lateral stiffening structure of this embodiment 2 and the lateral stiffening structure 100 of the above-mentioned embodiment 1 is that a spacer 18 having a thickness sufficient to fill the gap between the upper surface of the lower flange portion 12 of the beam material 2 and the upper plate member 1A is provided between them. Therefore, this point will be mainly explained, and the same components will be given the same symbols and explanations will be omitted.

[0051] As shown in Figures 11 and 12, the lateral stiffening structure of this embodiment 2 has a spacer 18 of a thickness that fills the gap between the upper surface of the lower flange portion 12 of the beam material 2 and the upper plate member 1A, and this spacer 18 is fixed to the upper plate member 1A by a bolt 15 via a washer 14.

[0052] Therefore, according to the horizontal stiffening structure of embodiment 2 of the present invention, a spacer 18 of a thickness sufficient to fill the gap between the upper surface of the lower flange portion 12 of the beam material 2 and the upper plate member 1A is provided between them, so that even if the plate thickness of the lower flange portion 12 of the beam material 2 is different, the spacer 18 serves to adjust the plate thickness, so that beam connecting hardware 1 of the same size can be used.

[0053] [Example] Next, a lateral stiffening structure according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

[0054] Figures 13(a) and 13(b) are schematic diagrams showing the structure near a beam connecting hardware in a horizontal stiffening structure according to embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figures 14(a) and 14(b) are schematic diagrams showing the structure near a beam connecting hardware in a horizontal stiffening structure according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0055] First, the patterns in which the upper plate member 1A or the bolt 16 yield can be broadly divided into when only the bolt 16 yields in tension, as shown in Fig. 15(a), when both the upper plate member 1A and the bolt 16 yield, as shown in Fig. 15(b), and when only the upper plate member 1A yields in bending, as shown in Fig. 15(c). Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the beam 2 and the upper plate member 1A of the beam connector 1.

[0056] Here, using the schematic diagram of Figure 16, the design of the upper plate member 1A or bolt 16 of the beam connector 1 against the axial force is carried out taking into consideration the three patterns shown in Figures 15(a) to 15(c), and is designed to ensure that the yield strength and maximum strength are equal to or greater than the axial force acting on each pattern. However, because the upper plate member 1A has been bent as described above, its section modulus is slightly larger than that of a normal flat plate, and the thickness of the lower flange portion 12 is not taken into consideration in the calculation.

[0057] 17(a) to 17(c), the design of the upper plate member 1A or bolt 16 of the beam connector 1 against shear force takes into consideration the yield pattern of the upper plate member 1A or bolt 16 of the beam connector 1 against shear force, and ensures that the yield strength and maximum strength are equal to or greater than the acting shear force for each pattern. Specifically, the shear yield of the bolt 16 shown in Fig. 17(a), the effective cross-sectional yield of the upper plate member 1A shown in Fig. 17(b), and the end pullout of the upper plate member 1A shown in Fig. 17(c) are taken into consideration.

[0058] More specifically, it is confirmed that the joint strength shown in the following (Equation 1) and (Equation 2) is satisfied.

[0059] Axial force: min{Nu1,Nu2,Nu3} ≧ α×min{Ny1,Ny2,Ny3} (Formula 1) where Nu1, Nu2, and Nu3 are the axial forces held by the upper plate member 1A or bolt 16 of the beam connector 1, and Ny1, Ny2, and Ny3 are the axial forces at the time when the upper plate member 1A or bolt 16 of the beam connector 1 yields. Note that α is the joint coefficient.

[0060] Shear force: min{Qu1, Qu2, Qu3} ≧ α×min{Qy1, Qy2, Qy3} (Equation 2) where Qu1, Qu2, and Qu3 are the shear forces possessed by the upper plate member 1A or bolt 16 of the beam connector 1, and Qy1, Qy2, and Qy3 are the shear forces at the time of yielding of the upper plate member 1A or bolt 16 of the beam connector 1. Note that α is the joint coefficient.

[0061] Next, the required plate thickness of the upper plate member 1A of the beam connector 1 was calculated for each beam depth of the beam 2 for each angle θ of the extension portions 1A-3 and 1B-2 of the beam connector 1, resulting in the graphs shown in Figures 18(a) to 18(f). Note that in Figures 18(a) to 18(c), narrow-width beam members with a beam width of 200 mm were used for the beam 2, while in Figures 18(d) to 18(f), medium-width beam members with a beam width of 300 mm were used for the beam 2. The bolts 16 used in Figure 18(a) had a diameter of 12 mm, those in Figure 18(b) had a diameter of 16 mm, those in Figure 18(c) had a diameter of 20 mm, those in Figure 18(d) had a diameter of 12 mm, those in Figure 18(e) had a diameter of 16 mm, and those in Figure 18(f) had a diameter of 20 mm.

[0062] That is, the following details were found about the upper plate member 1A.

[0063] (Calculation result of thickness t1 of upper plate member 1A) The required thickness of the upper plate member 1A calculated from the above study was as follows. In the narrow width series, it can be seen that the thickness t1 of the upper plate member (end plate) 1A tends to increase in inverse proportion to the bending angle θ, regardless of the diameter φ of the bolt 16. Furthermore, it can be seen that the larger the diameter φ of the bolt 16, the smaller the effect of the bending angle θ, and the thickness t1 of the upper plate member 1A tends to converge to around 2 mm. When the diameter of the bolt 16 is φ = 12 mm, the thickness t1 of the upper plate member 1A falls within the range for thin plates (t1 ≦ 4.5 mm) when the bending angle θ is 75° or greater. When the diameter of the bolt 17 is φ = 16 mm and 20 mm, it can be seen that the thickness t1 of the upper plate member 1A falls within the range for thin plates (t1 ≦ 4.5 mm) over the entire range. In the medium-width series, regardless of the bolt 16 diameter φ, the plate thickness t1 of the upper plate member 1A tends to decrease, with a maximum value at a bending angle θ of 30°. Furthermore, as the bolt 16 diameter φ increases, the effect of the bending angle θ decreases. Although not as pronounced as in the narrow-width series, the plate thickness t1 of the upper plate member 1A tends to converge to approximately 2 mm. When the bolt 16 diameter is φ = 12 mm, the plate thickness t1 of the upper plate member 1A falls within the range for thin plates (t1 ≦ 4.5 mm) when the bending angle θ is 75° or greater. However, when the beam depth B exceeds approximately 700 mm, the bearing strength connection condition is not met regardless of the plate thickness t1 of the upper plate member 1A, and the plate thickness falls outside the applicable range. When the bolt 16 diameter is φ = 16 mm, the plate thickness t1 of the upper plate member 1A falls within the range for thin plates (t1 ≦ 4.5 mm) when the bending angle θ is 90°. When the diameter of the bolt 16 is φ=20 mm, the thickness t1 of the upper plate member 1A falls within the range of a thin plate (t1≦4.5 mm) when the bending angle θ is 15° or 75° or more. From the above, the plate thickness optimization condition for the upper plate member 1A determines the plate thickness t1 (within the range of thin plate t≦4.5 mm) of the upper plate member 1A for all beam depths B within the following range, regardless of the diameter φ of the bolt 16. Narrow series: When the diameter of bolt 16 is φ=12 mm, the bending angle θ is in the range of 75° or more. When the diameter of bolt 16 is φ=16 mm, the bending angle θ is in the entire range When the diameter of bolt 16 is φ = 20 mm, the bending angle θ is Medium width series: When the diameter of bolt 16 is φ = 12 mm, the bending angle θ is in the range of 75° or more (excluding the range that does not satisfy the required strength connection) When the diameter of bolt 16 is φ = 16 mm, the bending angle θ = 90° When the diameter of bolt 16 is φ=20 mm, the bending angle is θ=15°, θ=75° or more However, in the range where the beam depth B is small, the plate thickness t1 of the upper plate member 1A can be designed within the thin plate range even in the range other than the above bending angle θ. For example, in the medium width series, if the beam depth B is limited to 700 mm or less, the plate thickness optimization conditions will be as follows. Medium width series: When the diameter of bolt 16 is φ = 12 mm, the bending angle θ is in the range of 75° or more (excluding the range that does not satisfy the required strength connection) When the diameter of bolt 16 is φ=16 mm, the bending angle θ=60° When the diameter of bolt 16 is φ=20 mm, the bending angle is θ=15°, θ=45° or more

[0064] Next, there are two patterns in which the lower plate member 1B or bolt 16 of the beam connecting hardware 1 yields due to axial force: a pattern in which the bolt 17 yields in tension as shown in Figure 19(a), and a pattern in which the extension portion 1B-2 yields due to bending deformation as shown in Figure 19(b).

[0065] Here, the design of the lower plate member 1B or bolt 16 of the beam connector 1 against the axial force takes into consideration the two patterns shown in Figures 19(a) and 19(b), and is designed to ensure that the yield strength and maximum strength are equal to or greater than the axial force acting on each pattern. Note that the pattern shown in Figure 19(b) adjusts the bending angle θ to increase the bending rigidity and bending strength of the lower plate member 1B, which is a thin plate, and ensures cross-sectional performance by ensuring the height of the lower rib 1c.

[0066] Furthermore, the design for the tensile force of the lower plate member 1B or bolt 16 of the beam connector 1 is such that tensile force is generated in the lower plate member 1B due to bearing pressure, as shown in Figure 20. For the yield pattern due to tensile force shown in Figure 20, the yield strength and maximum strength are set to be greater than or equal to the component of the acting axial force.

[0067] Furthermore, the design of the upper plate member 1A or bolt 16 of the beam connector 1 against shear force is the same as the design of the lower plate member 1B or bolt 16 against shear force.

[0068] More specifically, it is confirmed that the joints satisfy the required strength shown in the following (Equation 3), (Equation 4), and (Equation 5).

[0069] Axial force: min{Nu1,Nu2} ≧ α×min{Ny1,Ny2} (Formula 3) where Nu1 and Nu2 are the axial forces held by the lower plate member 1B or bolt 16 of the beam connector 1, and Ny1 and Ny2 are the axial forces at the time of yielding of the lower plate member 1B or bolt 16 of the beam connector 1. Note that α is the joint coefficient.

[0070] Axial component force: Tu1 ≧ α×Ty1 (Formula 4) where Tu1 is the axial component force held by the lower plate member 1B or bolt 16 of the beam connector 1, and Ty1 is the axial component force when the lower plate member 1B or bolt 16 of the beam connector 1 yields. α is the joint coefficient.

[0071] Shear force: min{Qu1, Qu2, Qu3} ≧ α×min{Qy1, Qy2, Qy3} (Equation 5) where Qu1, Qu2, and Qu3 are the shear forces possessed by the lower plate member 1B or bolt 16 of the beam connector 1, and Qy1, Qy2, and Qy3 are the shear forces at the time of yielding of the lower plate member 1B or bolt 16 of the beam connector 1. Note that α is the joint coefficient.

[0072] Next, the required plate thickness of the lower plate member 1B and rib 1c of the beam connector 1 was calculated for each beam depth of the beam 2 for each angle θ of the extension parts 1A-3, 1B-2 of the beam connector 1, resulting in the graphs shown in Figures 21(a) to 21(o) and 22(a) to 22(o). Note that in Figures 21(a) to 21(o), a narrow series beam with a beam width of 200 mm was used for the beam 2, and the bolts 16 used were 12 mm in diameter in Figures 21(a) to 21(e), 16 mm in diameter in Figures 21(f) to 21(j), and 20 mm in diameter in Figures 21(k) to 21(o). In addition, in Figures 22(a) to 22(o), a medium-width series beam material 2 with a beam width of 300 mm was used, and the bolts 16 used were 12 mm in diameter in Figures 22(a) to 22(e), 16 mm in diameter in Figures 22(f) to 22(j), and 20 mm in diameter in Figures 22(k) to 22(o).

[0073] That is, the following details were found about the lower plate member 1B.

[0074] (Calculation results for thickness t2 of lower plate member 1B and thickness tr of rib 1c) The required thickness t2 of the lower plate member 1B and the required thickness tr of the rib 1c calculated from the above study were as follows. In the narrow-width series, when the bending angle θ is 45° or greater, it can be seen that the thickness tr of the rib 1c increases generally in proportion to the beam depth B, regardless of the thickness t2 of the lower plate member 1B or the diameter φ of the bolt 16. When the bending angle is 30°, it can be seen that the thickness tr of the rib 1c increases as the thickness t2 of the lower plate member 1B increases, and that it increases generally in proportion to the beam depth B. It can also be seen that, for all bending angles θ, the thickness tr of the rib 1c decreases slightly as the diameter φ of the bolt 16 increases. Therefore, because the sensitivity of the thickness tr of the rib 1c to increases in beam depth B is high in the bending angle θ range of 30° or less, in the narrow-width series, it is possible to optimize the thickness t2 of the lower plate member 1B and the necessary thickness tr of the rib 1c for bending angles θ of 45° or greater. The medium width series also shows a similar trend in change to the narrow width series, but because the sensitivity of the thickness tr of the rib 1c to increases in beam depth B is high in the bending angle θ range of 45° or less, in the medium width series, the thickness t2 of the lower plate member 1B and the required thickness tr of the rib 1c can be optimized in the bending angle θ range of 60° or more. From the above, the thickness optimization conditions for the lower plate member 1B determine the required thickness t2 of the lower plate member 1B and the required thickness tr of the rib 1c for all beam depths B within the following range, regardless of the diameter φ of the bolt 16. Narrow series: bending angle θ = 45° or more Medium width series: bending angle θ = 60° or more

[0075] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, these embodiments are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These novel embodiments can be embodied in various other forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications are included within the scope and spirit of the invention, and are also included in the inventions and their equivalents as defined in the claims.

[0076] For example, in the horizontal stiffening structures of the above-mentioned embodiments 1 and 2, the beam connecting hardware 1 is divided into an upper plate member 1A and a lower plate member 1B, but this is not limited to this and it may also be implemented using a pre-integrated beam connecting hardware 1 as shown in Figure 23. [Explanation of symbols]

[0077] 100 Lateral stiffening structure 1 Beam connecting hardware 2 Beam material 12 Lower flange of beam 13 Web of beam 3 Deck Plate 6. Knee brace member 6a Lower end of knee brace member 6b Upper end of knee brace member 1A Upper plate member 1A-3 Extension of upper plate member 1B Lower plate member 1B-2 Extension of lower plate member 16 Bolts (fastening members) 16a Nut (fastening member) θ angle

Claims

1. Beams and A deck plate disposed on the beam material; A knee brace member disposed between the beam and the deck plate; A beam connecting hardware that connects the lower end of the knee brace member to the lower flange portion of the beam, The upper end of the knee brace member is connected to the deck plate, and the lower end of the knee brace member is connected to the lower flange portion of the beam material via the beam connecting hardware, The beam connecting hardware covers both upper and lower surfaces of the lower flange portion around the web portion of the beam material, and is configured to generate a bearing effect. The lower end of the knee brace member is connected to a portion covering one upper surface of the lower flange portion of the beam connecting hardware. A horizontal stiffening structure characterized by:

2. The beam connecting hardware is formed by joining the ends of an upper plate member disposed above the lower flange portion of the beam and a lower plate member disposed below the lower flange portion of the beam. The lateral stiffening structure according to claim 1, characterized in that:

3. The upper plate member and the lower plate member each have an extension portion extending from one end thereof, and these extension portions are bent at an angle from the horizontal direction and fixed and connected with a fastening member to form a pressure support mechanism. The lateral stiffening structure according to claim 2, characterized in that

4. The necessary plate elements of the upper plate member and the lower plate member, the necessary elements of the fastening member, and the necessary angle of the extension portion from the horizontal direction are set so that lateral buckling of the beam can be suppressed against the force that may be input from the lower end of the knee brace member. The lateral stiffening structure according to claim 3, characterized in that:

5. A spacer having a thickness that fills the gap between the upper surface of the lower flange portion of the beam and the upper plate member is provided. The lateral stiffening structure according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that:

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