Polymer material molded product, fixing member, fixing member manufacturing method, fixing device, and image forming apparatus

Abstract

To provide a polymeric material molding having high thermal conductivity and high flexibility.SOLUTION: A polymeric material molding includes a polymeric material, and a porous carbon material having X-ray diffraction spectrum characteristics indicating the following (1) or the following (2). (1) A peak derived from the (002) surface of carbon is observed, the half-width of the peak derived from the (002) surface of carbon is 5° or more, and the half-width of a peak derived from the (10) surface of carbon is 3.2° or less. (2) A peak derived from the (002) surface of carbon is not observed, and the half-width of a peak derived from the (10) surface of carbon is 3.2° or less.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a polymeric material molded product, a fixing member, a method for manufacturing a fixing member, a fixing device, and an image forming apparatus. [Background technology]

[0002] 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, polymer material molded articles used for elastic layers of fixing members, artificial muscles, pressure sensors, tactile sensors, etc. are blended with carbon materials such as carbon black to impart thermal conductivity.

[0003] Incidentally, Patent Documents 1 and 2 propose a carbon material to be used as a support for an electrode catalyst for a fuel cell, which is a "porous carbon material in which, in the ray diffraction spectrum, no peak derived from the (002) plane of carbon is observed, or the half-width of the peak derived from the (002) plane of carbon is 5° or more, and the half-width of the peak derived from the (10) plane of carbon is 3.2° or less." [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-186672 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2020-140950 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] An object of the present invention is to provide a polymeric material molded article that has higher thermal conductivity and higher flexibility than a polymeric material molded article that contains only a polymeric material and carbon black as the carbon material. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] Means for solving the above problems include the following aspects.

[0007] <1> A polymer material; A porous carbon material having the X-ray diffraction spectrum characteristics shown in the following (1) or (2): A polymer material molding comprising: (1): A peak derived from the (002) plane of carbon is observed, the half-width of the peak derived from the (002) plane of carbon is 5° or more, and the half-width of the peak derived from the (10) plane of carbon is 3.2° or less. (2): No peak derived from the (002) plane of carbon is observed, and the half-width of the peak derived from the (10) plane of carbon is 3.2° or less. <2> The half width of the peak derived from the (10) plane of the carbon is 1.2° or more and 3.2° or less. <1> A polymer material molded product according to claim 1. <3> The porous carbon material has the Raman spectroscopic characteristics shown in (3) below: <1> or <2> A polymer material molded product according to claim 1. (3): Raman spectroscopy revealed a peak at 2670 cm -1 The peak intensity of the G' band measured near 1590 cm -1 The ratio (G' / G) of the G band peak intensity (G) measured in the vicinity of this point is 0.6 or more. <4> The BET specific surface area of ​​the porous carbon material is 800 m 2 / g or more 2600m 2 / g or less, <1> ~ <3> 10. The polymer material molded article according to claim 1 . <5> The average secondary particle size of the porous carbon material is 5 nm or more and 10 μm or less. <1> ~ <4> 10. The polymer material molded article according to claim 1 . <6> The average primary particle size of the porous carbon material is 1 nm or more and 1 μm or less. <5> A polymer material molded product according to claim 1. <7> The porosity of the porous carbon material is 30% by volume or more and 90% by volume or less. <1> ~ <6> 10. The polymer material molded article according to claim 1 . <8> The content of the porous carbon material is 2% by volume or more and 10% by volume or less with respect to the polymer material molded product. <1> ~ <7> 10. The polymer material molded article according to claim 1 . <9> The polymer material is an elastic material. <1> ~ <8> 10. The polymer material molded article according to claim 1 . <10> Further containing carbon nanotubes <1> ~ <9> 10. The polymer material molded article according to claim 1 . <11> The average length of the carbon nanotubes is 5 μm or more. <10> A polymer material molded product according to claim 1. <12> The content of the carbon nanotubes is 1% by volume or more and 3% by volume or less with respect to the polymer material molded product. <10> or <11> A polymer material molded product according to claim 1. <13> The thermal conductivity of the polymer material molding is 1.5 W / m·K or more. <1> ~ <12> 10. The polymer material molded article according to claim 1 . <14> The Young's modulus of the polymer material molded product is 1.0 MPa or less. <13> A polymer material molded product according to claim 1. <15> a polymer material and a carbon material, The thermal conductivity of the polymer material molded product is 1.5 W / m·K or more, and the Young's modulus of the polymer material molded product is 1.0 MPa or less. Molded polymer material. <16> A substrate; provided on the substrate, <1> ~ <15> an elastic layer made of the polymer material molded article according to any one of the preceding claims; A fixing member having <17> a first rotating body and a second rotating body arranged in contact with an outer surface of the first rotating body, At least one of the first rotating body and the second rotating body is <16> A fixing device comprising the fixing member according to claim 1. <18> an image carrier; a charging device for charging the surface of the image carrier; a latent image forming device for forming a latent image on the charged surface of the image carrier; a developing device that develops the latent image with toner to form a toner image; a transfer device that transfers the toner image onto a recording medium; a fixing device that fixes the toner image onto the recording medium, <17> a fixing device according to the above item (1), An image forming apparatus comprising: [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] <1> According to the invention, a polymer material molded product is provided that has higher thermal conductivity and higher flexibility than a polymer material molded product that contains only a polymer material and carbon black as the carbon material. <2> According to the present invention, a polymer material molded product is provided that has higher thermal conductivity and higher flexibility than when the half-width of the peak derived from the (10) plane of carbon is less than 1.2° or exceeds 3.2°. <3> According to the invention, a polymer material molded product having higher thermal conductivity and higher flexibility than when the ratio (G' / G) is less than 0.6 is provided. <4> According to the invention, the BET specific surface area of ​​the porous carbon material is 800 m 2 / g or less than 2600m 2 / g or more, a polymer material molded article having high thermal conductivity and high flexibility is provided.

[0009] <5> According to the invention, a polymer material molded product is provided that has higher thermal conductivity and higher flexibility than when the average secondary particle size of the porous carbon material is less than 5 nm or more than 10 μm. <6> According to the invention, a polymer material molded product is provided that has higher thermal conductivity and higher flexibility than when the porous carbon material has an average primary particle size of less than 1 nm or more than 1 μm.

[0010] <7> According to the invention, a polymer material molded product is provided that has higher thermal conductivity and higher flexibility than when the porosity of the porous carbon material is less than 30% by volume or more than 90% by volume. <8> According to the present invention, a polymer material molded product is provided that has higher thermal conductivity and higher flexibility than when the content of the porous carbon material is less than 2% by volume or more than 10% by volume of the polymer material molded product.

[0011] <9> According to the present invention, a polymer material molded product is provided which contains an elastic material as a polymer material and has high thermal conductivity and high flexibility compared to a polymer material molded product which contains only a polymer material and carbon black as a carbon material.

[0012] <10> According to the invention, a polymer material molded article is provided that has higher thermal conductivity and higher flexibility than a polymer material molded article that does not further contain carbon nanotubes. <11> According to the invention, a polymer material molded product is provided that has higher thermal conductivity and higher flexibility than when the average length of the carbon nanotubes is less than 5 μm. <12> According to the invention, a polymer material molded product having higher thermal conductivity and higher flexibility is provided, compared to a case where the carbon nanotube content is less than 1% by volume or more than 3% by volume of the polymer material molded product.

[0013] . <13> According to the invention, a polymer material molded product having high thermal conductivity and high flexibility is provided, compared to a polymer material molded product having a thermal conductivity of less than 1.5 W / m·K. <14> According to the invention, a polymer material molded product having high thermal conductivity and high flexibility is provided, compared to a polymer material molded product having a Young's modulus of more than 1.0 MPa.

[0014] <15> According to the present invention, there is provided a polymer material molded product which contains a polymer material and a carbon material and has high thermal conductivity and high flexibility compared to polymer material molded products having a thermal conductivity of less than 1.5 W / m K or a Young's modulus of more than 1.0 MPa.

[0015] <16> , <17> or <18> According to the invention, a fixing member having high thermal conductivity and high flexibility compared to a fixing member having an elastic layer made of a polymer material molded product containing a polymer material and only carbon black as a carbon material, or a fixing device or image forming device including a fixing member having high thermal conductivity and high flexibility is provided. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0016] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a fixing member according to the exemplary embodiment. [Figure 2] 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a fixing device according to a first embodiment. [Figure 3] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a fixing device according to a second embodiment. [Figure 4] 1 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating an example of an image forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0017] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described. These descriptions and examples are for illustrating the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0018] In the present specification, the upper or lower limit of one numerical range may be replaced with the upper or lower limit of another numerical range. In addition, in the present specification, the upper or lower limit of a numerical range may be replaced with a value shown in the examples.

[0019] In this specification, the term "process" includes not only an independent process but also a process that cannot be clearly distinguished from other processes, as long as the intended purpose of the process is achieved.

[0020] When embodiments are described herein with reference to the drawings, the configuration of the embodiment is not limited to the configuration shown in the drawings. Furthermore, the size of components in each drawing is conceptual, and the relative size relationships between components are not limited to these. Furthermore, components having substantially the same function are given the same reference numerals throughout the drawings, and redundant descriptions may be omitted as appropriate.

[0021] In this specification, each component may contain multiple corresponding substances. When referring to the amount of each component in a composition in this disclosure, if multiple substances corresponding to each component are present in the composition, the total amount of the multiple substances present in the composition is meant unless otherwise specified.

[0022] In this specification, the "polymer material molded product" may also be simply referred to as "molded product."

[0023] In this specification, the physical properties of the porous carbon material are measured by immersing the molded product in concentrated sulfuric acid to decompose the polymer material and extracting the porous carbon material.

[0024] <Polymer material moldings> -First embodiment- The polymeric material molded article according to the first embodiment includes a polymeric material and a porous carbon material having the X-ray diffraction spectrum characteristics shown in (1) or (2) described below. Hereinafter, a porous carbon material having the X-ray diffraction spectrum characteristics shown in (1) or (2) below will also be referred to as a "graphene meso sponge (GMS)."

[0025] The molded article according to the first embodiment has high thermal conductivity and high flexibility due to the above-described configuration. The reason for this is presumed to be as follows.

[0026] BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, polymer material molded articles used for elastic layers of fixing members, artificial muscles, pressure sensors, tactile sensors, etc. are blended with carbon materials such as carbon black to impart thermal conductivity. However, if the content of the carbon material is increased in order to improve the thermal conductivity of the molded product, the flexibility decreases.

[0027] Therefore, in the molded article according to the first embodiment, graphene meso sponge is used as the carbon material. Graphene meso sponge is made of a porous carbon material with a high specific surface area, and therefore has high thermal conductivity and elasticity. Therefore, it is presumed that polymer molded products in which graphene meso-sponge is blended with polymer materials will be endowed with high thermal conductivity and high flexibility.

[0028] Furthermore, since graphene meso-sponge has the physical property of high electronic conductivity, it is presumed that it will impart high electrical conductivity as well as high thermal conductivity and high flexibility to polymer molded articles.

[0029] -Second embodiment- The polymer material molded product according to the second embodiment includes a molecular material and a carbon material, and has a thermal conductivity of 1.5 W / m·K or more and a Young's modulus of 1.0 MPa or less. Although the polymeric material molded article according to the second embodiment contains a carbon material, it has a higher thermal conductivity and a lower Young's modulus than conventional polymeric material molded articles. Therefore, the molded article according to the second embodiment has high thermal conductivity and high flexibility.

[0030] Below, we will explain in detail the molded product that corresponds to both the molded product according to the first embodiment and the molded product according to the second embodiment (hereinafter referred to as the molded product according to this embodiment), but the present invention only requires that the molded product corresponds to either the molded product according to the first embodiment or the molded product according to the second embodiment.

[0031] (polymer material) Polymer materials are the main components that are most commonly contained in molded products. The polymer material is selected depending on the intended use of the molded product, and specifically, examples of the polymer material include resin materials and elastic materials.

[0032] Examples of the resin material include polyimide resin, polyamide resin, polyamideimide resin, polyether ether ester resin, polyphenylene sulfide resin, polyarylate resin, polyether ether ketone resin, and polybenzimidazole polyester resin. Examples of elastic materials include various rubber materials such as isoprene rubber, chloroprene rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, butyl rubber, polyurethane rubber, silicone rubber, fluororubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer rubber (EPDM), acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer rubber (NBR), natural rubber, and blends of these rubbers.

[0033] Among these, when the molded article is required to have heat resistance as well as thermal conductivity and flexibility, silicone rubber is preferred as the polymer material. Examples of silicone rubber include RTV silicone rubber, HTV silicone rubber, and liquid silicone rubber, and specific examples include polydimethyl silicone rubber (MQ), methyl vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ), methyl phenyl silicone rubber (PMQ), and fluorosilicone rubber (FVMQ).

[0034] When the molded article is applied to an artificial muscle, a pressure sensor, a tactile sensor, or the like, examples of the polymer material include conductive polymer materials having a polythiophene skeleton, a polyaniline skeleton, a polypyrrole skeleton, a polyacetylene skeleton, or the like.

[0035] (Graphene meso sponge) Graphene meso-sponge is a porous carbon material with mesopores. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) defines micropores as pores with a diameter of 2 nm or less, mesopores as pores with a diameter of 2 nm to 50 nm, and macropores as pores with a diameter of 50 nm or more. Materials with mesopores are collectively called mesoporous materials.

[0036] -X-ray diffraction spectrum characteristics- Graphene meso-sponge is a porous carbon material having the X-ray diffraction spectrum characteristics shown in (1) or (2) below. (1): A peak derived from the (002) plane of carbon is observed, and the half-width of the peak derived from the (002) plane of carbon is 5° or more, and the half-width of the peak derived from the (10) plane of carbon is 3.2° or less. (2) No peak originating from the (002) plane of carbon is observed, and the half-width of the peak originating from the (10) plane of carbon is 3.2° or less.

[0037] The basic skeleton of graphene meso-sponge is graphene. In a porous carbon material having a structure in which the half-width of the peak derived from the (002) plane of carbon and the half-width of the peak derived from the (10) plane of carbon are controlled to predetermined values ​​in an X-ray diffraction spectrum, the size of each graphene is large and the number of layers is small. As a result, the graphene meso-sponge has high thermal conductivity, high elasticity, and also high electrical conductivity.

[0038] Here, the crystallite size can be determined from the line width of the powder X-ray diffraction peak using the Scherrer equation shown below. Formula: L=Kλ / βcosθ In the formula, L is the crystallite size, K is the shape factor (constant), λ is the wavelength of the X-ray, β is the half-width of the X-ray diffraction peak, and θ is the Bragg angle (½ of the diffraction angle 2θ). When comparing X-ray diffraction peaks, θ is a nearly constant value, and K and λ are constants, so the crystallite size L is inversely proportional to the half-width β.

[0039] Therefore, the larger the half-width of the peak of the carbon (002) plane (hereinafter referred to as "W(002)") derived from the stacked structure of graphene, the smaller the size of the crystallite in the stacking direction and the fewer the number of graphene layers. Furthermore, if the porous carbon material is composed of single-layer graphene without stacking, the diffraction peak derived from the carbon (002) plane will not appear. Also, if the proportion of stacked structures is small compared to single-layer graphene, it is thought that the diffraction peak derived from the carbon (002) plane may not be observed. Furthermore, the smaller the half-width of the peak of the carbon (10) plane (hereinafter referred to as "W(10)") derived from the in-plane diffraction of single-layer graphene, the larger the crystallite in the plane direction and the larger the size of a single layer of graphene.

[0040] Generally, the lower the crystallinity of a carbon material, the larger both W(002) and W(10) tend to be. Therefore, in carbon materials such as various carbon blacks and activated carbons, when the number of graphene layers is reduced, the size of the graphene also becomes small, and a structure with a small number of graphene layers and a large size of a single graphene layer is not obtained.

[0041] Specifically, if W(002) is less than 5°, the number of graphene layers is not sufficiently reduced, resulting in a high specific surface area.If W(10) is greater than 3.2°, the graphene size is insufficient, making it difficult to improve thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity.

[0042] From the viewpoint of improving the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and flexibility of the molded product, W(002) is preferably 6° or more. The upper limit of W(002) is, for example, 8° or less. From the viewpoint of improving the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and flexibility of the molded product, W(10) is preferably 2° or more and 3.2° or less.

[0043] The X-ray diffraction measurement is carried out as follows. Specifically, the sample is placed on a silicon non-reflective plate, and the X-ray diffraction is performed using an XRD-6100 X-ray diffractometer manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation under the following conditions. -Measurement conditions- ·Radiation source Cu-Kα Voltage: 40kV ·Current 30mA

[0044] From the obtained X-ray diffraction spectrum, the presence or absence of a peak derived from the (002) plane of carbon, the half-width W(002) of the peak derived from the (002) plane of carbon, and the half-width W(10) of the peak derived from the (10) plane of carbon are determined.

[0045] -Raman spectroscopic characteristics- From the viewpoint of improving the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and flexibility of the molded product, the graphene meso-sponge preferably has the Raman spectroscopic characteristics shown in the following (3). (3): Raman spectroscopy revealed a peak at 2670 cm -1 The peak intensity of the G' band measured near 1590 cm -1 The ratio (G' / G) of the peak intensity of the G band (G) measured around the peak intensity (G) of the G band measured around the peak intensity (G' / G) is 0.6 or more. However, the upper limit of the ratio (G' / G) is, for example, 4 or less.

[0046] Here, in the Raman scattering spectrum of graphite, the G band originating from the stacking of graphene is observed at 1590 cm -1 The G' band, which is due to the presence of graphene with a small number of stacks, is observed around 2670 cm -1 The ratio (G' / G) is approximately 0.5. In contrast, the Raman scattering spectrum of single-layer graphene is known to have a ratio (G' / G) of approximately 4. As the number of layers increases, the ratio (G' / G) decreases, and at four layers or more, the spectrum becomes almost identical to that of graphite (Nano Lett., 2006, 6, 2667-2673; Physics Reports, 2009, 473, 51-87). Therefore, the ratio (G' / G) is an indicator of the presence of single-layer graphene. The closer the ratio (G' / G) is to 4, the fewer layers there are, the more developed the basal plane is, and the structure is closer to single-layer graphene, or the greater the proportion of single-layer graphene in the carbon material.

[0047] When the ratio (G' / G) is 0.6 or more, the number of stacked graphene sheets is sufficiently reduced, which facilitates improvements in thermoelectric generation, electronic conductivity, and elasticity of the graphene meso-sponge. The ratio (G' / G) is preferably 0.4 or more, more preferably 0.6 or more, and even more preferably 0.7 or more, with the upper limit of the ratio (G' / G) being, for example, 4 or less.

[0048] The G' band of graphene is shifted to a lower wavenumber side than the G' band of highly oriented graphite (HOPG), and the half-width of the peak is narrower. Therefore, the G' band of the graphene meso-sponge preferably has a Raman scattering spectrum shifted to a lower wavenumber side than the G' band of highly oriented graphite (HOPG). This facilitates improvements in the thermal conductivity, electronic conductivity, and elasticity of the graphene meso-sponge.

[0049] The peak intensities of the G band and G' band are measured as follows. The Raman scattering spectrum is measured using a laser Raman spectrophotometer NRS-3300FL manufactured by JASCO Corporation under the following measurement conditions. The peak intensity (height) of each band is calculated from the Raman scattering spectrum after subtracting the baseline and removing the influence of the background. The half-width is then calculated from the peak intensity (height) of each band. - Raman scattering spectrum measurement conditions - Laser wavelength: 532.2nm Exposure time: 20 seconds Number of times accumulated: 20 times ·Center wave number: 2250cm -1 Slit width: 0.1 x 6 mm Light dimmer (measurement): OD1 Light attenuator (observation): OD5): Objective lens: UMPLFL100x Data acquisition interval: 0.5cm -1

[0050] -BET specific surface area- The BET specific surface area of the graphene mesoporous sponge is preferably 250 m 2 / g or more, more preferably 500 m 2 / g or more, and even more preferably 800 m 2 / g or more, from the viewpoints of improving the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and flexibility of the molded product. However, although the larger the BET specific surface area of the graphene mesoporous sponge is, the more preferable it is, for example, it is 2600 m 2 / g or less (preferably 2500 m 2 / g or less). When the BET specific surface area of the graphene mesoporous sponge is within the above range, due to the presence of monolayer graphene with a developed basal plane, it becomes easier to improve the thermal conductivity, electronic conductivity and elasticity of the graphene mesoporous sponge.

[0051] The BET specific surface area is measured as follows. Using a high-precision automatic gas / vapor adsorption measurement device (manufactured by BEL Japan Inc.: BEL SORP MAX), measure at a temperature of -196°C and measure the nitrogen adsorption / desorption isotherm of the sample. Before measurement, the sample is vacuum-heated and dried at 150°C for 6 hours.

[0052] Using the BET method, the BET specific surface area is determined by the multipoint method in the nitrogen adsorption isotherm measured in the relative pressure range of 0.1 < P / P0 < 0.30.

[0053] -Particle size- [[ID=​​​​​​​​

[0056] The particle size is measured by observation with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations were performed using a JEOL Ltd. JEM-2010 transmission electron microscope at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. The accelerating voltage was set to 200 kV during observation. For TEM observations, a small amount of ethanol was added to the sample, which was then suspended by ultrasonic treatment (45 kHz, 30 minutes). A small amount of the suspension was then dropped onto a microgrid (Oken Shoji: Cu150P grid, carbon reinforced, grid pitch 150 μm), and dried under vacuum at 50°C for 2 hours to prepare the sample for TEM observation.

[0057] Five samples (i.e., graphene meso-sponges) were observed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the secondary particle and primary particle sizes of each sample were measured. The arithmetic mean values ​​of the measured particle sizes were used as the average secondary particle and primary particle sizes of the graphene meso-sponges. The "particle size" refers to the maximum distance between two points on the contour line of the graphene meso-sponge when the graphene meso-sponge is observed.

[0058] -Structure of graphene meso-sponge- A graphene meso-sponge is, for example, a porous carbon material (shell-like graphene laminate) composed of three-dimensionally continuous graphene sheets that conform to the shape of the mesopores and in which the number of stacked graphene sheets is several layers or less, and is particularly preferably a porous carbon material composed only of defect-free single-layer graphene.

[0059] In the graphene meso sponge, from the viewpoint of improving the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and flexibility of the molded product, the number of stacked graphene sheets is preferably several layers or less, more preferably 1 to 2 layers, and even more preferably 1 layer. Graphene sheets with a sufficiently reduced number of stacked layers can sufficiently improve the BET specific surface area of ​​the graphene meso sponge, and facilitate improvements in the thermoelectric generation, electronic conductivity, and elasticity of the graphene meso sponge.

[0060] The number of stacked graphene sheets is determined from the average number of stacked carbon layers in the alumina nanoparticles used as the template, as will be described later.

[0061] -Pore diameter- From the viewpoint of improving the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and flexibility of the molded product, the average pore size of the graphene meso-sponge is preferably 0.5 nm to 10 nm, more preferably 0.7 nm to 8 nm. When the average pore size is within the above range, it becomes easy to obtain a graphene meso-sponge (shell-shaped graphene laminate) having a structure in which several layers or less (for example, five layers or less, preferably one to two layers) of graphene sheets are laminated along the shape of the pores.

[0062] The average pore diameter is measured as follows. The nitrogen adsorption / desorption isotherm of the sample is measured in the same manner as the BET specific surface area. The pore size distribution is determined from the nitrogen adsorption / desorption isotherm using the BJH method. The average pore diameter d is calculated by assuming cylindrical pores, using the BET specific surface area S and the total pore volume V, as follows: average pore diameter dd = 4V / S.

[0063] -Total pore volume- The total pore volume of the graphene meso sponge is 0.5 cm from the viewpoint of improving the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and flexibility of the molded product. 3 / g or more, 0.9cm 3 / g or more, 2.5cm 3 / g or more, 2.6cm 3 / g or more, 2.7cm 3 / g or more, or 2.8cm 3 / g or more is preferred. The total pore volume of the graphene meso-sponge was set to 5.0 cm in order to ensure the mechanical strength of the molded product. 3 / g or less, or 4.0cm 3 / g or less is preferred.

[0064] The volume of the mesopores in the graphene meso sponge is set to 0.8 cm from the viewpoint of improving the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and flexibility of the molded product. 3 / g or more, 1.0cm 3 / g or more, or 1.3cm 3 / g or more is preferred.

[0065] The total pore volume is determined as follows. Measure the nitrogen adsorption / desorption isotherm of the sample in the same way as the BET specific surface area. The adsorption amount is determined from the nitrogen adsorption / desorption isotherm at a relative pressure (P / P0) of 0.96. The volume of the micropores can be determined by the Dubinin Radushkevich (DR) method, and the volume occupied by the mesopores in the graphene meso-sponge can be calculated from the difference between the total pore volume and the volume of the micropores.

[0066] -Porosity- From the viewpoint of improving the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and flexibility of the molded product, the porosity of the graphene meso-sponge is preferably 30% by volume or more and 90% by volume or less, more preferably 40% by volume or more and 85% by volume or less, and even more preferably 50% by volume or more and 80% by volume or less.

[0067] The porosity is measured as follows. Using X-ray CT (CT = Computed Tomography), the volume and number of the graphene portion of the primary particles of the graphene meso-sponge, as well as the volume and number of pores in the primary particles, are measured, and the porosity is calculated from the difference between the total volume of the graphene portion and the total volume of the pores.

[0068] -Content- From the viewpoint of improving the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and flexibility of the molded product, the content of the graphene meso sponge is preferably 2 to 10% by volume, more preferably 2.5 to 9% by volume, and even more preferably 3 to 8% by volume, of the molded product.

[0069] -Method of manufacturing graphene meso sponge- Graphene meso-sponges can be, for example, a first step of preparing carbon-coated alumina nanoparticles by using alumina nanoparticles as a template and coating a carbon layer on the template; a second step of removing the template to obtain a porous carbon material called carbon meso-sponge (CMS); a third step of heat-treating the porous carbon material called carbon meso-sponge (CMS); It can be manufactured through the following process.

[0070] In the first step, the average particle size of the alumina nanoparticles used as the template is preferably 5 nm to 30 nm, which makes it possible to control the pore size, total pore volume, and porosity of the resulting graphene meso-sponge within preferred ranges. In the second step, the template can be removed by, for example, a dissolution removal method using a liquid such as hydrogen fluoride (HF).

[0071] In the third step, for example, the temperature is raised from room temperature (25°C) to 1800°C over 120 minutes in an inert atmosphere under a reduced pressure of 10 Pa, followed by heat treatment at 800°C for 60 minutes, and then naturally cooled to room temperature to form a porous carbon material called carbon meso sponge (CMS). The heat treatment in the third step makes it easy to obtain a highly crystalline graphene meso sponge (GMS) with a large specific surface area and few or fewer layers of graphene sheets with few defects.

[0072] Here, the average number of carbon layers calculated from the BET specific surface area of ​​the template and the amount of carbon coated on the alumina nanoparticles is 10 or less (the BET specific surface area of ​​the graphene meso-sponge is 263 m). 2 / g or more), and 5 or less (525m 2 / g or more) is more preferable. In order to ensure that the mechanical strength of the graphene meso-sponge is sufficiently high and to prevent the structure of the graphene sheets from collapsing and agglomerating after the template is removed, leading to a decrease in the specific surface area, it is preferable that the average number of carbon layers, calculated from the BET specific surface area of ​​the template and the amount of carbon coating, is 1 or more.

[0073] The average number of layers is measured as follows. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) measurements were performed using a Shimadzu differential thermal and thermogravimetric simultaneous analyzer (DTG-60 / 60H). The sample was heated to 100°C at 10°C / min under a synthetic air flow (50cc / min) and held there for 30 minutes. It was then heated to 800°C at 5°C / min and held there for 1 hour. It was then cooled to 100°C at -10°C / min and held there for 30 minutes. The carbon coating amount (carbon loading) was calculated from the difference in average mass before and after heating to 800°C and when held at 100°C. The carbon loading was calculated as a mass percentage of the total mass of the alumina nanoparticles and the carbon coating them.

[0074] Then, the average number of stacked carbon layers is also calculated from the BET specific surface area of ​​the alumina nanoparticles and the amount of carbon carried determined by the TG measurement described above, using the following formula. Formula: N=W / (S×g) In the formula, N is the average number of stacked carbon layers, W is the amount of carbon supported, S is the specific surface area of ​​alumina, and g is the weight per unit area of ​​one graphene sheet (0.000761 g / m 2 )

[0075] -Other additives- In addition to the graphene mesosponge, the molded product according to this embodiment may contain additives well known for each application, such as a thermally conductive filler (carbon black, carbon nanotubes, or other carbides), crystalline silica, iron oxide, alumina, metallic silicon, titanium oxide, silicon carbide, talc, mica, kaolin, calcium carbonate, calcium silicate, magnesium oxide, graphite, silicon nitride, boron nitride, cerium oxide, or magnesium carbonate, depending on the application of the molded product.

[0076] In particular, from the viewpoint of improving the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and flexibility of the molded article, it is preferable that the molded article according to this embodiment further contains carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes are long, fibrous carbon materials, and therefore can easily be incorporated into the molded article by thermally or electronically connecting the graphene meso-sponges incorporated into the molded article at a distance. Therefore, the inclusion of carbon nanotubes can easily improve the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of the molded article. Furthermore, even with a small amount of graphene meso-sponge, the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of the molded article are improved, thereby improving the flexibility of the molded article.

[0077] Examples of carbon nanotubes include single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes having two or more walls. Examples of carbon nanotubes include carbon nanohorns (horn-shaped nanotubes whose diameter expands continuously from one end to the other), which are variants of single-walled carbon nanotubes; carbon nanocoils (coil-shaped nanotubes that are spiral in shape overall); carbon nanobeads (tubes with a central tube that penetrates a spherical bead made of amorphous carbon or the like); cup-stacked nanotubes; and carbon nanotubes whose outer periphery is covered with carbon nanohorns or amorphous carbon, which are not strictly tubular in shape. Examples of carbon nanotubes include metal-encapsulated nanotubes in which a metal or the like is encapsulated in a carbon nanotube, and peapod nanotubes in which a fullerene or a metal-encapsulated fullerene is encapsulated in a carbon nanotube.

[0078] From the viewpoint of improving the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and flexibility of the molded product, the average length of the carbon nanotubes is preferably 5 μm or more, more preferably 6 μm or more, and even more preferably 7 μm or more, although the upper limit of the average length of the carbon nanotubes is preferably, for example, 50 μm or less.

[0079] The average diameter of the carbon nanotubes is preferably 20 nm or more and 300 nm or less, more preferably 25 nm or more and 250 nm or less, and even more preferably 30 nm or more and 200 nm or less.

[0080] The average length and average diameter of the carbon nanotubes are measured as follows. The cross section of the molded product is observed under an electron microscope, and the length and diameter of the carbon nanotubes are measured. The number of measurement samples is 5, and the average length and average diameter of the carbon nanotubes are each the arithmetic mean value of the 5 samples.

[0081] From the viewpoint of improving the thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and flexibility of the molded product, the carbon nanotube content is preferably 1% by volume or more and 3% by volume or less, more preferably 1.25% by volume or more and 2.75% by volume or less, and even more preferably 1.5% by volume or more and 2.5% by volume or less, of the polymer material molded product.

[0082] -Other physical properties of molded products- The thermal conductivity of the molded product according to this embodiment is preferably 1.5 W / m K or more, more preferably 1.75 W / m K or more, and even more preferably 2.0 W / m K or more. However, the upper limit of the thermal conductivity of the molded product is, for example, 5.0 W / m K or less.

[0083] The thermal conductivity is measured by a temperature wave analysis method using ai-phase (manufactured by ai-phase Co., Ltd.) under a load of 50 g.

[0084] The Young's modulus of the molded product according to this embodiment is preferably 1.0 MPa or less, more preferably 0.9 MPa or less, and even more preferably 0.8 MPa or more, although the lower limit of the Young's modulus of the molded product is, for example, 0.2 MPa or more.

[0085] The Young's modulus is measured using a Rheovibron (manufactured by Orientec Co., Ltd.) at an amplitude of 50 μm and a frequency of 10 Hz. The Young's modulus value at 150° C. is used.

[0086] The Asker A hardness of the molded product according to this embodiment is preferably 40° or less, more preferably 35° or less, and even more preferably 30° or less, although the lower limit of the Asker A hardness of the molded product is, for example, 10° or more.

[0087] The Asker A hardness is measured in accordance with JIS K 6253-3:2012 using a hardness tester such as Asker A (manufactured by Kobunshi Keiki Co., Ltd.).

[0088] The volume resistivity of the molded product according to this embodiment is 1 [Ω·cm] or more and 10 7 It is preferable that the surface roughness is 1 [Ω·cm] or less, and 10 [Ω·cm] or more. 6 [Ω·cm] or less is more preferable, and 10 2 squared [Ω·cm] over 10 5 [Ω·cm] or less is more preferable.

[0089] The volume resistivity is measured as follows. A microcurrent meter (Advantest R8430A) was used as the resistance measuring device, and a UR probe (Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation) was used as the probe. Volume resistivity [Ω·cm] was measured at five points, with a voltage of 100V, an application time of 5 seconds, and a pressure of 1kgf, and the average value was calculated. The measurements were also performed in an environment with a temperature of 22°C and a humidity of 55%RH.

[0090] -Uses of molded products- The molded article according to this embodiment can be used for an elastic layer of a fixing member, an artificial muscle, a pressure sensor, a tactile sensor, a dielectric sensor, etc.

[0091] The shape of the molded article according to this embodiment is selected depending on the intended use. For example, when the molded article is used as an elastic layer of a fixing member, an artificial muscle, a pressure sensor, a tactile sensor, or the like, the molded article is a layered molded article.

[0092] <Fixing material> The fixing member according to this embodiment will be described. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the fixing member according to the present embodiment.

[0093] 1, the fixing member 110 according to this embodiment includes, for example, a base material 110A, an elastic layer 110B provided on the base material 110A, and a surface layer 110C provided on the elastic layer 110B. However, the surface layer 110C is a layer that is provided as needed. The elastic layer 110B is made of the molded product according to the present embodiment.

[0094] By applying the molded product according to the present embodiment to elastic layer 110B, the molded product has high thermal conductivity and high flexibility, and therefore, fixing member 110 according to the present embodiment can achieve, for example, 1) a reduction in the time required to raise the temperature from room temperature to a temperature at which fixing is possible (hereinafter referred to as the "warm-up time"), 2) suppression of uneven fixing due to the temperature difference of the fixing member that occurs between the part where the recording medium passes and the part where the recording medium does not pass in the previous fixing when fixing toner images to a recording medium of a different size after successively fixing toner images to the recording medium, and 3) improved followability to recording media with large irregularities (embossed paper, etc.).

[0095] The fixing member 110 according to this embodiment is not limited to the above-described layer structure, and may have a layer structure in which, for example, a metal layer and its protective layer are interposed between the substrate 110A and the elastic layer 110B, as necessary.

[0096] The fixing member according to this embodiment will be described in detail below, with the reference numerals omitted.

[0097] The components of the fixing member according to this embodiment will be described in detail below.

[0098] (Shape of fixing member) The fixing member according to this embodiment may be in the form of a roll or a belt.

[0099] (base material) When the fixing member is in the form of a roll, the substrate may be, for example, a cylindrical body made of metal (aluminum, SUS, iron, copper, etc.), alloy, ceramics, FRM (fiber reinforced metal), or the like. When the fixing member is in the form of a roll, the outer diameter and thickness of the substrate may be, for example, 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less, and, for example, if it is made of aluminum, the thickness is 0.5 mm or more and 4 mm or less, and if it is made of SUS (stainless steel) or iron, the thickness is 0.1 mm or more and 2 mm or less.

[0100] On the other hand, when the fixing member is belt-shaped, examples of the substrate include a metal belt (e.g., a metal belt made of nickel, aluminum, stainless steel, etc.) and a resin belt (e.g., a resin belt made of polyimide, polyamideimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether ether ketone, polybenzimidazole, etc.). The volume resistivity of the resin belt may be controlled by adding and dispersing a conductive powder or the like. Specific examples of the resin belt include polyimide belts in which carbon black is added and dispersed to control the volume resistivity. Other examples of the resin belt include belts made by assembling both ends of a long polyimide sheet like a puzzle and thermocompressing them using a thermocompression bonding member to form a belt.

[0101] When the fixing member is in the form of a belt, the thickness of the substrate is, for example, 20 μm to 200 μm, preferably 30 μm to 150 μm, and more preferably 40 μm to 130 μm.

[0102] (elastic layer) The elastic layer is made of the molded article according to the present embodiment, and an elastic material is used as the polymer material of the molded article.

[0103] The elastic layer may contain various additives, such as softeners (paraffin-based, etc.), processing aids (stearic acid, etc.), antioxidants (amine-based, etc.), vulcanizing agents (sulfur, metal oxides, peroxides, etc.), and functional fillers (alumina, etc.).

[0104] The thickness of the elastic layer may be, for example, 20 μm or more and 1000 μm or less, preferably 30 μm or more and 800 μm or less, and more preferably 100 μm or more and 500 μm or less.

[0105] (Surface layer) The surface layer is made of, for example, a heat-resistant release material. Examples of heat-resistant release materials include fluororubber, fluororesin, silicone resin, and polyimide resin. Among these, fluororesin is preferable as a heat-resistant release material. Specific examples of fluororesins include tetrafluoroethylene / perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer (PFA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), tetrafluoroethylene / hexafluoropropylene copolymer (FEP), polyethylene / tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), and polyvinyl fluoride (PVF).

[0106] The thickness of the surface layer is preferably 5 μm or more and 100 μm or less, for example, preferably 5 μm or more and 50 μm or less, and more preferably 10 μm or more and 40 μm or less, in order to suppress uneven density of the formed image.

[0107] The tube on which the surface layer is formed may have its inner surface previously subjected to an adhesive treatment to enhance adhesion to the elastic layer, such as liquid ammonia treatment, sodium naphthalene treatment, excimer laser treatment, or plasma treatment. After the treatment, both ends of the fluororesin tube are cut to the desired length to obtain the fixing member.

[0108] (Use of fixing material) The fixing member according to the present embodiment can be applied to, for example, a heating roll, a pressure roll, a heating belt, and a pressure belt. The heat source for the heating roll and the heating belt can be an external heat source or an electromagnetic induction type.

[0109] <Fixing device> The fixing device according to the present embodiment has various configurations, and may include, for example, a first rotating body and a second rotating body disposed in contact with the outer surface of the first rotating body, and the fixing member according to the present embodiment is used as at least one of the first rotating body and the second rotating body.

[0110] Hereinafter, a fixing device including a heating belt and a pressure roll will be described as first and second embodiments. In the first and second embodiments, the fixing member according to the present embodiment can be applied to either the heating belt or the pressure roll. The fixing device according to the present embodiment is not limited to the first and second embodiments, and may be a fixing device including a heating roll or a heating belt and a pressure belt. The fixing member according to the present embodiment may be applied to any of the heating roll, the heating belt, and the pressure belt. Furthermore, the fixing device according to this embodiment is not limited to the first and second embodiments, and may be an electromagnetic induction heating type fixing device.

[0111] (First embodiment of fixing device) A description will be given of a fixing device according to the first embodiment. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an example of the fixing device according to the first embodiment.

[0112] As shown in FIG. 2, the fixing device 60 according to the first embodiment is configured to include, for example, a rotating heating roll 61 (an example of a first rotating body), a pressure belt 62 (an example of a second rotating body), and a pressure pad 64 (an example of a pressure member) that presses the heating roll 61 via the pressure belt 62. The pressure pad 64 may be configured to relatively press the pressure belt 62 and the heating roll 61. Therefore, the pressure belt 62 may be pressed against the heating roll 61, or the heating roll 61 may be pressed against the heating roll 61.

[0113] A halogen lamp 66 (an example of a heating device) is disposed inside the heating roll 61. The heating device is not limited to a halogen lamp, and other heat-generating members may also be used.

[0114] On the other hand, for example, a temperature sensor 69 is arranged in contact with the surface of the heating roll 61. Based on the temperature measurement value by this temperature sensor 69, the lighting of the halogen lamp 66 is controlled, and the surface temperature of the heating roll 61 is maintained at a target set temperature (for example, 150°C).

[0115] The pressure belt 62 is rotatably supported by, for example, a pressure pad 64 and a belt running guide 63 disposed inside the pressure belt 62. The pressure belt 62 is disposed so as to be pressed against the heating roll 61 by the pressure pad 64 in the sandwiching region N (nip portion).

[0116] The pressure pad 64 is disposed, for example, inside the pressure belt 62 in a state where it is pressed against the heating roll 61 via the pressure belt 62, and forms a sandwiched region N between the pressure pad 64 and the heating roll 61. The pressure pad 64 has, for example, a front clamping member 64a arranged on the entrance side of the clamping area N to ensure a wide clamping area N, and a peeling clamping member 64b arranged on the exit side of the clamping area N to apply distortion to the heating roll 61.

[0117] In order to reduce the sliding resistance between the inner peripheral surface of the pressure belt 62 and the pressure pad 64, for example, a sheet-like sliding member 68 is provided on the surfaces of the front clamping member 64a and the peeling clamping member 64b that come into contact with the pressure belt 62. The pressure pad 64 and the sliding member 68 are held by a holding member 65 made of metal. The sliding member 68 is provided so that its sliding surface comes into contact with the inner circumferential surface of the pressure belt 62 , and is involved in the retention and supply of oil present between it and the pressure belt 62 .

[0118] For example, a belt running guide 63 is attached to the holding member 65, and the pressure belt 62 rotates.

[0119] The heating roll 61 is rotated in the direction of arrow S by, for example, a drive motor (not shown), and the pressure belt 62 is driven by this rotation to rotate in the direction of arrow R, which is opposite to the rotation direction of the heating roll 61. That is, for example, while the heating roll 61 rotates in the clockwise direction in FIG. 2, the pressure belt 62 rotates in the counterclockwise direction.

[0120] Then, the paper K (an example of a recording medium) having the unfixed toner image thereon is guided, for example, by the fixing entrance guide 56 and conveyed to the nip area N. Then, as the paper K passes through the nip area N, the toner image on the paper K is fixed by the pressure and heat acting on the nip area N.

[0121] In the fixing device 60 according to the first embodiment, for example, the front pinch member 64a having a concave shape conforming to the outer peripheral surface of the heating roll 61 ensures a wider pinch region N than in a configuration without the front pinch member 64a.

[0122] Furthermore, in the fixing device 60 according to the first embodiment, for example, by arranging a peeling pinch member 64b so as to protrude from the outer peripheral surface of the heating roll 61, the distortion of the heating roll 61 is locally increased in the exit region of the pinch region N.

[0123] By arranging the peeling and pinching member 64b in this manner, for example, when the paper K after fixing passes through the peeling and pinching area, it passes through a locally large distortion, making it easier for the paper K to peel off from the heating roll 61.

[0124] As an auxiliary device for peeling, for example, a peeling member 70 is disposed downstream of the pinch region N of the heating roll 61. The peeling member 70 is held by a holding member 72 in a state in which a peeling claw 71 is close to the heating roll 61 in a direction opposite to the rotation direction of the heating roll 61 (counter direction), for example.

[0125] (Second embodiment of fixing device) A fixing device according to a second embodiment will now be described with reference to Fig. 3, which is a schematic diagram showing an example of the fixing device according to the second embodiment.

[0126] 3, the fixing device 80 according to the second embodiment includes, for example, a fixing belt module 86 having a heating belt 84 (an example of a first rotating body), and a pressure roll 88 (an example of a second rotating body) arranged to press against the heating belt 84 (the fixing belt module 86). Then, for example, a nip region N (a nip portion) is formed where the heating belt 84 (the fixing belt module 86) and the pressure roll 88 come into contact with each other. In the nip region N, a sheet of paper K (an example of a recording medium) is pressurized and heated, and a toner image is fixed thereon.

[0127] The fixing belt module 86 includes, for example, an endless heating belt 84, a heating pressure roll 89 around which the heating belt 84 is wound on the pressure roll 88 side and which is driven to rotate by the rotational force of a motor (not shown) and presses the heating belt 84 from its inner surface against the pressure roll 88 side, and a support roll 90 which supports the heating belt 84 from the inside at a position different from the heating pressure roll 89. The fixing belt module 86 includes, for example, a support roll 92 arranged outside the heating belt 84 to define its circulation path, an attitude correction roll 94 that corrects the attitude of the heating belt 84 from the heating pressure roll 89 to the support roll 90, and a support roll 98 that applies tension to the heating belt 84 from its inner surface downstream of the clamping region N, which is the region where the heating belt 84 (fixing belt module 86) and the pressure roll 88 come into contact.

[0128] The fixing belt module 86 is provided, for example, such that a sheet-like sliding member 82 is interposed between the heating belt 84 and the heating pressure roll 89 . The sliding member 82 is provided, for example, so that its sliding surface comes into contact with the inner circumferential surface of the heating belt 84 , and is involved in the retention and supply of oil present between it and the heating belt 84 . Here, the sliding member 82 is provided in a state where both ends thereof are supported by support members 96, for example.

[0129] Inside the heating pressure roll 89, for example, a halogen heater 89A (an example of a heating device) is provided.

[0130] The support roll 90 is, for example, a cylindrical roll made of aluminum, and has a halogen heater 90A (an example of a heating device) disposed inside, which heats the heating belt 84 from the inner peripheral surface side. At both ends of the support roll 90, for example, spring members (not shown) are arranged to press the heating belt 84 outward.

[0131] The support roll 92 is a cylindrical roll made of, for example, aluminum, and has a release layer made of fluororesin and having a thickness of 20 μm formed on the surface of the support roll 92. The release layer of the support roll 92 is formed to prevent, for example, toner and paper dust from the outer peripheral surface of the heating belt 84 from accumulating on the support roll 92 . Inside the support roll 92, for example, a halogen heater 92A (an example of a heat source) is disposed, and the heating belt 84 is heated from the outer peripheral surface side.

[0132] That is, for example, the heating belt 84 is heated by the heating pressure roll 89 and the support rolls 90 and 92 .

[0133] The posture correction roll 94 is, for example, a cylindrical roll made of aluminum, and an end position measuring mechanism (not shown) that measures the end position of the heating belt 84 is disposed near the posture correction roll 94. The posture correction roll 94 is provided with, for example, an axial displacement mechanism (not shown) that displaces the contact position in the axial direction of the heating belt 84 in accordance with the measurement results of the end position measurement mechanism, and is configured to control the meandering of the heating belt 84.

[0134] On the other hand, the pressure roll 88 is, for example, supported rotatably and is provided so as to be pressed against the portion where the heating belt 84 is wound around the heating pressure roll 89 by a biasing device such as a spring (not shown). As a result, as the heating belt 84 (heating pressure roll 89) of the fixing belt module 86 rotates and moves in the direction of arrow S, the pressure roll 88 rotates and moves in the direction of arrow R, following the heating belt 84 (heating pressure roll 89).

[0135] Then, the paper K having the unfixed toner image (not shown) is transported in the direction of arrow P and guided to a pinch area N of the fixing device 80, where the unfixed toner image is fixed by pressure and heat acting on the pinch area N.

[0136] In the fixing device 80 according to the second embodiment, a form in which a halogen heater (halogen lamp) is used as an example of a heat source has been described, but this is not limited to this, and a radiant lamp heating element (a heating element that emits radiation (infrared rays, etc.)) other than a halogen heater, or a resistance heating element (a heating element that generates Joule heat by passing an electric current through a resistor: for example, a ceramic substrate on which a resistive film is formed and then fired) may also be used.

[0137] <Image forming device> Next, the image forming apparatus according to this embodiment will be described. The image forming apparatus of this embodiment includes an image carrier, a charging device that charges the surface of the image carrier, a latent image forming device that forms a latent image on the charged surface of the image carrier, a developing device that develops the latent image with toner to form a toner image, a transfer device that transfers the toner image to a recording medium, and a fixing device that fixes the toner image to the recording medium.The fixing device of this embodiment is used as the fixing device.

[0138] Hereinafter, an image forming apparatus according to this embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the image forming apparatus according to this embodiment.

[0139] 4, image forming apparatus 100 according to this embodiment is, for example, an intermediate transfer type image forming apparatus generally called a tandem type, and includes a plurality of image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K that form toner images of each color component by electrophotography, a primary transfer unit 10 that sequentially transfers (primary transfer) the toner images of each color component formed by each image forming unit 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K onto an intermediate transfer belt 15, a secondary transfer unit 20 that collectively transfers (secondary transfer) the superimposed toner images transferred onto intermediate transfer belt 15 onto paper K, which is a recording medium, and a fixing device 60 that fixes the secondarily transferred image onto paper K. Image forming apparatus 100 also has a control unit 40 that controls the operation of each device (each unit).

[0140] This fixing device 60 is the fixing device 60 according to the first embodiment described above. Note that the image forming apparatus 100 may be configured to include the fixing device 80 according to the second embodiment described above.

[0141] Each of the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K of the image forming apparatus 100 includes a photoconductor 11 that rotates in the direction of arrow A as an example of an image carrier that carries a toner image formed on its surface.

[0142] Around the photosensitive member 11, there is provided a charger 12 as an example of a charging device that charges the photosensitive member 11, and there is provided a laser exposure device 13 as an example of a latent image forming device (the exposure beam is indicated by the symbol Bm in the figure) that writes an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive member 11.

[0143] In addition, around the photosensitive member 11, there is provided a developing device 14, which is an example of a developing device, and which contains toner of each color component and makes the electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive member 11 visible using the toner, and there is also provided a primary transfer roll 16 which transfers the toner image of each color component formed on the photosensitive member 11 to an intermediate transfer belt 15 at the primary transfer section 10.

[0144] Furthermore, a photoreceptor cleaner 17 is provided around the photoreceptor 11 to remove residual toner from the photoreceptor 11, and electrophotographic devices including a charger 12, a laser exposure device 13, a developing device 14, a primary transfer roll 16, and the photoreceptor cleaner 17 are arranged in this order along the rotation direction of the photoreceptor 11. These image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K are arranged in a substantially linear fashion from the upstream side of the intermediate transfer belt 15 in the order of yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C), and black (K).

[0145] The intermediate transfer belt 15, which is an intermediate transfer body, is a film-like pressure belt that has a base layer of resin such as polyimide or polyamide and contains an appropriate amount of antistatic agent such as carbon black. 6 Ωcm or more 10 14 It is formed to have a resistivity of Ωcm or less, and its thickness is set to, for example, about 0.1 mm.

[0146] The intermediate transfer belt 15 is driven (rotated) in a circular manner in the direction B shown in Fig. 4 at a speed suited to the purpose by various rolls. These rolls include a drive roll 31 that is driven by a motor (not shown) with excellent constant speed performance to rotate the intermediate transfer belt 15, a support roll 32 that supports the intermediate transfer belt 15 that extends in a substantially straight line along the arrangement direction of the photoconductors 11, a tensioning roll 33 that applies tension to the intermediate transfer belt 15 and functions as a correction roll that prevents the intermediate transfer belt 15 from meandering, a backing roll 25 provided in the secondary transfer unit 20, and a cleaning backing roll 34 provided in a cleaning unit that scrapes off residual toner on the intermediate transfer belt 15.

[0147] The primary transfer unit 10 is composed of a primary transfer roll 16 arranged opposite the photoreceptor 11 with an intermediate transfer belt 15 sandwiched therebetween. The primary transfer roll 16 is composed of a core body and a sponge layer as an elastic layer fixed to the periphery of the core body. The core body is a cylindrical rod made of a metal such as iron or SUS. The sponge layer is made of a blend rubber of NBR, SBR and EPDM mixed with a conductive agent such as carbon black, and has a volume resistivity of 10 7.5 Ωcm or more 10 8.5 It is a sponge-like cylindrical roll with a resistance of less than Ωcm.

[0148] The primary transfer roll 16 is arranged in pressure contact with the photosensitive member 11 with the intermediate transfer belt 15 sandwiched therebetween, and furthermore, a voltage (primary transfer bias) of the opposite polarity to the charge polarity of the toner (negative polarity; the same applies below) is applied to the primary transfer roll 16. As a result, the toner images on each photosensitive member 11 are electrostatically attracted to the intermediate transfer belt 15 in sequence, and superimposed toner images are formed on the intermediate transfer belt 15.

[0149] The secondary transfer unit 20 is configured to include a back roll 25 and a secondary transfer roll 22 that is disposed on the toner image bearing surface side of the intermediate transfer belt 15 .

[0150] The back roll 25 is made of a tube of EPDM and NBR blend rubber with carbon dispersed on the surface, and the inside is made of EPDM rubber. 7 Ω / □ or more 10 10 The hardness is set to, for example, 70° (Asker C, manufactured by Kobunshi Keiki Co., Ltd.; the same applies hereinafter.) The back roll 25 is disposed on the back side of the intermediate transfer belt 15 and constitutes an opposing electrode of the secondary transfer roll 22, and is in contact with a metal power supply roll 26 to which a secondary transfer bias is stably applied.

[0151] On the other hand, the secondary transfer roll 22 is composed of a core body and a sponge layer as an elastic layer fixed around the core body. The core body is a cylindrical rod made of a metal such as iron or SUS. The sponge layer is made of a blend rubber of NBR, SBR and EPDM mixed with a conductive agent such as carbon black, and has a volume resistivity of 10 7.5 Ωcm or more 10 8.5 It is a sponge-like cylindrical roll with a resistance of less than Ωcm.

[0152] The secondary transfer roll 22 is placed in pressure contact with the back roll 25 with the intermediate transfer belt 15 sandwiched therebetween, and the secondary transfer roll 22 is further grounded to form a secondary transfer bias between it and the back roll 25, thereby secondarily transferring the toner image onto the paper K being transported to the secondary transfer section 20.

[0153] In addition, an intermediate transfer belt cleaner 35 is provided downstream of the secondary transfer section 20 of the intermediate transfer belt 15, and is capable of being freely attached and detached to remove residual toner and paper dust from the intermediate transfer belt 15 after the secondary transfer and to clean the surface of the intermediate transfer belt 15.

[0154] The intermediate transfer belt 15, the primary transfer unit 10 (primary transfer roll 16), and the secondary transfer unit 20 (secondary transfer roll 22) correspond to an example of a transfer device.

[0155] Meanwhile, a reference sensor (home position sensor) 42 is disposed upstream of the yellow image forming unit 1Y, generating a reference signal that serves as a reference for timing image formation in each of the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K. An image density sensor 43 for adjusting image quality is disposed downstream of the black image forming unit 1K. This reference sensor 42 generates a reference signal by recognizing a mark provided on the back side of the intermediate transfer belt 15, and each of the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K is configured to start image formation in response to an instruction from the control unit 40 based on the recognition of this reference signal.

[0156] Furthermore, the image forming apparatus according to this embodiment is equipped with a conveying device for conveying paper K, which includes a paper storage section 50 for storing paper K, a paper feed roll 51 for taking out and conveying paper K accumulated in the paper storage section 50 at a predetermined timing, a conveying roll 52 for conveying paper K fed out by the paper feed roll 51, a conveying guide 53 for sending paper K conveyed by the conveying roll 52 to the secondary transfer section 20, a conveying belt 55 for conveying paper K conveyed after secondary transfer by the secondary transfer roll 22 to the fixing device 60, and a fixing entrance guide 56 for guiding paper K to the fixing device 60.

[0157] Next, the basic image forming process of the image forming apparatus according to this embodiment will be described. In the image forming apparatus according to this embodiment, image data output from an image reading device (not shown) or a personal computer (PC) (not shown) is subjected to image processing by an image processing device (not shown), and then image formation is performed by image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K.

[0158] The image processing device performs image processing on the input reflectance data, such as shading correction, positional deviation correction, brightness / color space conversion, gamma correction, and various image editing operations such as frame erasure, color editing, and movement editing. The image data that has undergone image processing is converted into color material gradation data for four colors, Y, M, C, and K, and output to the laser exposure device 13.

[0159] In accordance with the input color material gradation data, the laser exposure device 13 irradiates the photoconductor 11 of each of the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K with an exposure beam Bm emitted from, for example, a semiconductor laser. After the surface of the photoconductor 11 of each of the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K is charged by the charger 12, the surface is scanned and exposed by the laser exposure device 13 to form an electrostatic latent image. The formed electrostatic latent image is developed into a toner image of each color of Y, M, C, and K by each of the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K.

[0160] The toner images formed on the photoconductors 11 of the image forming units 1Y, 1M, 1C, and 1K are transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 15 in the primary transfer section 10 where each photoconductor 11 comes into contact with the intermediate transfer belt 15. More specifically, in the primary transfer section 10, a voltage (primary transfer bias) of the opposite polarity to the charge polarity (negative polarity) of the toner is applied to the base material of the intermediate transfer belt 15 by the primary transfer roll 16, and the toner images are sequentially superimposed on the surface of the intermediate transfer belt 15 to perform the primary transfer.

[0161] After the toner images are sequentially transferred (primary transfer) onto the surface of the intermediate transfer belt 15, the intermediate transfer belt 15 moves, and the toner images are transported to the secondary transfer unit 20. When the toner images are transported to the secondary transfer unit 20, the transport device rotates the paper feed roll 51 in synchronization with the timing at which the toner images are transported to the secondary transfer unit 20, and paper K of the desired size is supplied from the paper storage unit 50. The paper K supplied by the paper feed roll 51 is transported by the transport roll 52 and reaches the secondary transfer unit 20 via the transport guide 53. Before reaching the secondary transfer unit 20, the paper K is temporarily stopped, and a positioning roll (not shown) rotates in synchronization with the movement of the intermediate transfer belt 15 on which the toner images are held, thereby aligning the position of the paper K with the position of the toner image.

[0162] In the secondary transfer unit 20, the secondary transfer roll 22 is pressed against the back roll 25 via the intermediate transfer belt 15. At this time, the paper K, which has been conveyed in time, is sandwiched between the intermediate transfer belt 15 and the secondary transfer roll 22. At this time, when a voltage (secondary transfer bias) of the same polarity as the charge polarity (negative polarity) of the toner is applied from the power supply roll 26, a transfer electric field is formed between the secondary transfer roll 22 and the back roll 25. Then, the unfixed toner images held on the intermediate transfer belt 15 are electrostatically transferred onto the paper K all at once in the secondary transfer unit 20, which is pressed by the secondary transfer roll 22 and the back roll 25.

[0163] Thereafter, the paper sheet K onto which the toner image has been electrostatically transferred is transported as is after being peeled off from the intermediate transfer belt 15 by the secondary transfer roll 22, and is transported to a transport belt 55 provided downstream of the secondary transfer roll 22 in the paper transport direction. The transport belt 55 transports the paper sheet K to the fixing device 60 at an optimal transport speed for the fixing device 60. The unfixed toner image on the paper sheet K transported to the fixing device 60 is fixed onto the paper sheet K by being subjected to a fixing process using heat and pressure by the fixing device 60. The paper sheet K on which the fixed image has been formed is then transported to an ejected paper storage unit (not shown) provided in the ejection unit of the image forming apparatus.

[0164] On the other hand, after the transfer to the paper K is completed, the residual toner remaining on the intermediate transfer belt 15 is transported to the cleaning section as the intermediate transfer belt 15 rotates, and is removed from the intermediate transfer belt 15 by the cleaning back roll 34 and the intermediate transfer belt cleaner 35.

[0165] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications, changes, and improvements are possible, and it goes without saying that they can be realized within the scope of satisfying the requirements of the present invention. [Example]

[0166] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples. In the following description, unless otherwise specified, all "parts" and "%" are by mass.

[0167] <Production of porous carbon materials> (Production of porous carbon material (1)) (1) Preparation of carbon-coated alumina nanoparticles by CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method Alumina nanoparticles (TM300 manufactured by Taimei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., crystalline phase: γ-alumina, average particle size: 7 nm, specific surface area: 220 m 2 Alumina nanoparticles (alumina nanoparticles / g) and quartz sand (Sendai Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) as a spacer were mixed at a weight ratio of 3:10 (alumina nanoparticles:quartz sand). The quartz sand used here was immersed in 1 M hydrochloric acid for 12 hours, heated in air at 800 °C for 2 hours in a muffle furnace, and sieved to a 180 μm sieve. The mixture of alumina nanoparticles and quartz sand prepared above was placed in a reaction tube (inner diameter 57 mm), and CVD using methane as the carbon source (hereinafter referred to as "methane CVD") was carried out.

[0168] Methane CVD was performed by heating alumina nanoparticles from room temperature to 900 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C / min under conditions where the N gas flow rate was adjusted to 400 ml / min, and then holding at 900 °C for 30 minutes. Then, using N gas as a carrier gas, 20% by volume of methane (compared to the total amount of carrier gas and methane) was introduced into the reaction tube, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) was performed at 900 °C for 4 hours. The methane gas flow rate was adjusted to 80 ml / min and the N gas flow rate to 320 ml / min. The introduction of methane gas was then stopped, and the N gas flow rate was adjusted to 400 ml / min. The mixture was then held at 900 °C for 30 minutes, and then cooled to obtain carbon-coated alumina nanoparticles.

[0169] (2) Dissolving and removing the mold The alumina nanoparticles (i.e., the template) were removed from the carbon-coated alumina nanoparticles obtained in (1) above. Hydrogen fluoride (HF) was used to remove the template from the carbon-coated alumina nanoparticles. The carbon-coated alumina nanoparticles and a 46% by mass HF aqueous solution were placed in a Teflon (registered trademark) beaker and stirred with a Teflon (registered trademark) stirrer while being kept at room temperature for 6 hours. The mixture was then allowed to cool naturally. The sample was collected by filtration and dried in a vacuum oven at 150°C for 6 hours to obtain a porous carbon material. The porous carbon material obtained at this stage is called carbon meso-sponge (CMS).

[0170] (3) Heat treatment of porous carbon materials The porous carbon material obtained in (2) above was crushed, and several pieces were collected and placed in a graphite container, which was then set in a high-temperature furnace. The pressure in the high-temperature section was reduced to 10 Pa using an oil pump, and heat treatment was carried out while flowing a small amount of Ar, thereby obtaining porous carbon material (1). The heat treatment conditions were as follows: first, the temperature was raised from room temperature to 1800°C over 120 minutes; then, the material was heat-treated at 1800°C for 60 minutes, and then naturally cooled to room temperature. The porous carbon material (1) thus obtained was a graphene meso-sponge (GMS) in which the hydrogen-terminated edges of the CMS were fused by the heat treatment at a high temperature of 1800°C, forming a more continuous three-dimensional graphene skeleton.

[0171] (Production of porous carbon material (2)) Porous carbon material (2) was obtained in the same manner as porous carbon material (1), except that the CVD treatment temperature was changed from 900°C to 650°C.

[0172] (Production of porous carbon material (3)) Porous carbon material (3) was obtained in the same manner as porous carbon material (1), except that the CVD treatment temperature was changed from 900°C to 600°C.

[0173] (Production of porous carbon material (4)) Porous carbon material (4) was obtained in the same manner as porous carbon material (1), except that the CVD treatment time was changed from 2 hours to 1.5 hours.

[0174] (Production of porous carbon material (5)) Porous carbon material (5) was obtained in the same manner as porous carbon material (1), except that the CVD treatment time was changed from 2 hours to 1 hour.

[0175] (Production of porous carbon material (6)) Porous carbon material (6) was obtained in the same manner as porous carbon material (1), except that the CVD treatment temperature was changed from 900 to 1000°C.

[0176] (Production of porous carbon material (7)) Porous carbon material (7) was obtained in the same manner as porous carbon material (1), except that the CVD treatment temperature was changed from 900 to 950°C.

[0177] (Production of porous carbon material (8)) Porous carbon material (8) was obtained in the same manner as porous carbon material (1), except that the CVD treatment temperature was changed from 900 to 850°C.

[0178] (Production of porous carbon material (9)) Porous carbon material (9) was obtained in the same manner as porous carbon material (1), except that the CVD treatment temperature was changed from 900 to 800°C.

[0179] (Production of porous carbon material (10)) A porous carbon material (10) was obtained in the same manner as the porous carbon material (1), except that the crushing time during the heat treatment was 0.5 times longer.

[0180] (Production of porous carbon material (11)) A porous carbon material (11) was obtained in the same manner as the porous carbon material (1), except that the crushing time during the heat treatment was 0.6 times longer.

[0181] (Production of porous carbon material (12)) Porous carbon material (12) was obtained in the same manner as porous carbon material (1), except that the crushing time during the heat treatment was increased by 2.5 times.

[0182] (Production of porous carbon material (13)) Porous carbon material (13) was obtained in the same manner as porous carbon material (1), except that the crushing time during the heat treatment was tripled.

[0183] (Production of porous carbon material (14)) Porous carbon material (14) was obtained in the same manner as porous carbon material (1), except that the average particle size of the alumina nanoparticles was set to 1 μm.

[0184] (Production of porous carbon material (15)) Porous carbon material (15) was obtained in the same manner as porous carbon material (1), except that the average particle size of the alumina nanoparticles was changed to 0.9 μm.

[0185] (Production of porous carbon material (16)) Porous carbon material (16) was obtained in the same manner as porous carbon material (1), except that the average particle size of the alumina nanoparticles was 4 nm.

[0186] (Production of porous carbon material (17)) Porous carbon material (17) was obtained in the same manner as porous carbon material (1), except that the average particle size of the alumina nanoparticles was set to 2 nm.

[0187] (Production of porous carbon material (18)) Porous carbon material (18) was obtained in the same manner as porous carbon material (1), except that the alumina nanoparticles and quartz sand serving as spacers were mixed at a weight ratio of 5:10 (alumina nanoparticles:quartz sand).

[0188] (Production of porous carbon material (19)) Porous carbon material (19) was obtained in the same manner as porous carbon material (1), except that the alumina nanoparticles and quartz sand serving as spacers were mixed at a weight ratio of 4.5:10 (alumina nanoparticles:quartz sand).

[0189] (Production of porous carbon material (20)) Porous carbon material (20) was obtained in the same manner as porous carbon material (1), except that the alumina nanoparticles and quartz sand serving as spacers were mixed at a weight ratio of 2:10 (alumina nanoparticles:quartz sand).

[0190] (Production of porous carbon material (21)) Porous carbon material (21) was obtained in the same manner as porous carbon material (1), except that the alumina nanoparticles and quartz sand serving as spacers were mixed at a weight ratio of 1.8:10 (alumina nanoparticles:quartz sand).

[0191] (Production of comparative porous carbon material (C1)) As the carbon material, Denka Black (porous carbon material (C1)) manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. was used. This was designated as carbon material (C1).

[0192] (Production of comparative porous carbon material (C2)) A porous carbon material (C2) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 for the porous carbon material (1), except that the CVD treatment temperature was changed from 900°C to 500°C.

[0193] (Production of comparative porous carbon material (C3)) A porous carbon material (C3) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 for the porous carbon material (1), except that the CVD treatment temperature was changed from 900°C to 700°C.

[0194] (Production of comparative porous carbon material (C4)) Porous carbon material (C4) was obtained in the same manner as porous carbon material (1), except that the CVD treatment temperature was changed from 900° C. to 700° C. and the time was changed from 2 hours to 3 hours.

[0195] Example 1 A composition for forming a molded product was obtained by mixing a silicone rubber concentrate (X-34-1053 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., solid content: 60 mass %, solvent: butyl acetate) as a polymer material with porous carbon material (1) as a carbon material. The mixed amounts of the polymer material and the carbon material were determined so as to correspond to the content (=volume %) relative to the resulting molded product.

[0196] The obtained composition for forming a molded product was applied to a polyimide substrate to form a coating film, and the coating film was heated at 100° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a layered molded product with a film thickness of 450 μm.

[0197] <Examples 2 to 33 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3> Layered molded products were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the types and amounts of the polymer material and carbon material were changed according to Table 1.

[0198] <Evaluation> The physical properties of the obtained molded product were measured by the methods described above. The results are shown in Table 1 along with their physical properties.

[0199] Details of the abbreviations in the columns of Table 1 are as follows: W(002): The half-width of the peak derived from the (002) plane of carbon in the X-ray diffraction spectrum (a diagonal line in the table indicates that the half-width of the peak derived from the (002) plane of carbon is not observed). W(10): Half-width of the peak derived from the (10) plane of carbon in the X-ray diffraction spectrum Peak intensity (G'): 2670 cm -1 G' band peak intensity measured near (G') Peak intensity (G): 1590 cm -1 G-band peak intensity (G) measured near

[0200] CNT (1): Long carbon nanotubes (manufactured by Koatsu Gas Kogyo Co., Ltd., average length = 5.0 μm, average diameter = 10 nm) CNT (2): Short carbon nanotubes (manufactured by Koatsu Gas Kogyo Co., Ltd., average length = 3.0 μm, average diameter = 10 nm)

[0201] CB: Denka Black (manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., average secondary particle diameter = 200 μm)

[0202] Si rubber: Silicone rubber (raw solution = X-34-1053 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., solid content: 60% by mass, solvent: butyl acetate) Conductive resin: Polythiophene (Shin-Etsu Polymer Co., Ltd. "Sepulgida")

[0203] In the volume resistivity column, "n1*n2^n3" (n1 to n3 are all numbers) should be written as "n1×n2 n3 " indicates.

[0204] [Table 1-1]

[0205] [Table 1-2]

[0206] From the above results, it can be seen that the molded product of this example has higher thermal conductivity and higher flexibility than the molded product of the comparative example. This shows that when the molded product of this example is applied to the elastic layer of the fixing member, it is possible to achieve a reduction in warm-up time, suppression of uneven fixing, and improvement in followability to recording media with large irregularities. Furthermore, the molded article of this embodiment has high thermal conductivity and high flexibility, and can be appropriately Because it is also conductive, it is suitable for use in artificial muscles, pressure sensors, tactile sensors, etc. [Explanation of symbols]

[0207] 60 Fixing device 61 Heating Roll 62 Pressure Belt 63 Belt guide 64 Pressure pad 64a Front clamping member 64b Peeling clamping member 65 Retaining member 66 Halogen lamp 68 Sliding member 69 Thermosensor 70 Peeling member 71 Peeling Nail 72 Retaining member 80 Fixing device 82 Sliding member 84 Heating Belt 86 Fuser belt module 88 Pressure Roll 89A halogen heater 89 Heated pressure roll 90A halogen heater 90 Support Roll 92A halogen heater 92 Support Roll 94 Posture Correction Roll 96 Support member 98 Support Roll 100 Image forming device 110 Fixing member 110A base material 110B Elastic layer 110C surface layer

Claims

1. A polymer material; A porous carbon material having an X-ray diffraction spectrum characteristic shown in the following (1) or (2): A polymer material molding comprising: (1): A peak derived from the (002) plane of carbon is observed, and the half width of the peak derived from the (002) plane of carbon is 5° or more, and the half width of the peak derived from the (10) plane of carbon is 3.2° or less. (2): No peak derived from the (002) plane of carbon is observed, and the half-width of the peak derived from the (10) plane of carbon is 3.2° or less.

2. 2. The polymer material molded article according to claim 1, wherein the half width of the peak derived from the (10) plane of carbon is 1.2° or more and 3.2° or less.

3. 3. The polymer material molded article according to claim 1, wherein the porous carbon material has the Raman spectroscopic characteristics shown in the following (3): (3): Raman spectroscopy revealed that the peak at 2670 cm －１ The peak intensity of the G' band (G') measured around 1590 cm －１ The ratio (G' / G) of the peak intensity of the G band measured in the vicinity of the peak intensity (G) to the peak intensity of the G band measured in the vicinity of the peak intensity (G) is 0.6 or more.

4. The BET specific surface area of ​​the porous carbon material is 800 m ２ / g or more 2600m ２ The polymer material molded article according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the molecular weight is 1 / g or less.

5. 5. The polymer material molded article according to claim 1, wherein the average secondary particle diameter of the porous carbon material is 5 nm or more and 10 μm or less.

6. 6. The polymer material molded article according to claim 5, wherein the average primary particle diameter of the porous carbon material is 1 nm or more and 1 μm or less.

7. 7. The polymer material molded article according to claim 1, wherein the porosity of the porous carbon material is 30% by volume or more and 90% by volume or less.

8. 8. The polymer material molded product according to claim 1, wherein the content of the porous carbon material is 2% by volume or more and 10% by volume or less relative to the polymer material molded product.

9. The polymer material molded article according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the polymer material is an elastic material.

10. The polymer material molded article according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising carbon nanotubes.

11. 11. The polymer material molded article according to claim 10, wherein the carbon nanotubes have an average length of 5 μm or more.

12. 12. The polymer material molded product according to claim 10, wherein the content of the carbon nanotubes is 1% by volume or more and 3% by volume or less with respect to the polymer material molded product.

13. The polymer material molded product according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the polymer material molded product has a thermal conductivity of 1.5 W / m·K or more.

14. 14. The polymer material molded product according to claim 13, wherein the polymer material molded product has a Young's modulus of 1.0 MPa or less.

15. A substrate; an elastic layer provided on the substrate and made of the polymer material molded product according to any one of claims 1 to 14; A fixing member having

16. a first rotating body and a second rotating body arranged in contact with an outer surface of the first rotating body, The fixing device, wherein at least one of the first rotating body and the second rotating body is the fixing member according to claim 15 .

17. an image carrier; a charging device for charging the surface of the image carrier; a latent image forming device for forming a latent image on the charged surface of the image carrier; a developing device that develops the latent image with toner to form a toner image; a transfer device that transfers the toner image onto a recording medium; a fixing device for fixing the toner image onto the recording medium, the fixing device being the fixing device according to claim 16; An image forming apparatus comprising:

Images