Cleaning member and elastic member

Abstract

To provide a cleaning member and an elastic member capable of preventing a deterioration in wiping performance even when raised in temperature due to use in a high-temperature environment or use over a long period.SOLUTION: A cleaning member comprises an elastic member including polyurethane. In the cleaning member, when tanδ of a sample taken from the elastic member is measured in a temperature range of -20°C to +60°C, a peak temperature of a peak indicating the maximum value of tanδ is 15.0°C or lower, the maximum value of tanδ is 0.20 or more and 0.55 or less, and tanδ at a temperature of 55°C is 0.13 or more. In addition, when a detection quantity of all ions obtained upon heating the sample at a rate of temperature increase of 10°C / second to 1,000°C by using a mass spectrometer of a direct sample introduction system is M1, and when an integrated intensity of a peak in an extracted ion thermogram corresponding to the range of m / z values originating in polyfunctional isocyanate with three or more isocyanate groups is M2, M2 / M1 is 0.001 or more.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to cleaning members such as cleaning blades for electrophotography, wipers for vehicles such as automobiles, and wipers for wiping window glass, walls, etc., and to elastic members used in such cleaning members. [Background technology]

[0002] Elastic materials processed into shapes that are excellent for cleaning are used as cleaning members for removing dirt and other contaminants from smooth surfaces such as glass. Polyurethane, which has excellent elasticity and abrasion resistance, is widely used among these materials. Such cleaning members are used in electronic devices such as electrophotographic devices, windows of vehicles, airplanes, and ships, glass windows of buildings and homes, bathroom walls, solar panels, and the like. Patent Document 1 discloses a polyurethane elastomer for use in cleaning blades of electronic copiers. Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 disclose cleaning members using polyurethane as vehicle wipers and window cleaning members, respectively. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-209736 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-051894 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2019-115471 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The cleaning members disclosed in the above documents were observed to show a decrease in wiping performance as the temperature of the cleaning member increased with use in a high-temperature environment or over a long period of time. The invention disclosed in Patent Document 1 aims to provide a polyurethane elastomer for a cleaning blade of an electronic copying machine, which has excellent low-temperature properties, with a glass transition temperature of -5°C or lower and little change in viscoelasticity over a wide range of ambient temperatures. The objective is said to be achieved by a polyurethane elastomer comprising a polyol component, a chain extender, and an isocyanate component, wherein the polyol component contains a bifunctional silicone oil having hydroxyl groups at both ends and containing an ester group in the molecule, the isocyanate component contains an aromatic isocyanate, the silicone oil accounts for 5.0 to 50% by weight of the polyurethane elastomer, and the polyurethane elastomer has a Shore A hardness of 70 to 90, a viscoelasticity value at 10°C (tan δ(10)) of 0.32 or less, a viscoelasticity value at 55°C (tan δ(55)) of 0.02 or more, and a difference between tan δ(10) and tan δ(55) of 0.30 or less. However, the polyurethane elastomers produced in the examples showed a large discrepancy between the peak tan δ and the tan δ value at 55°C. In particular, the tan δ value at 55°C was too small to stabilize wiping performance at that temperature.

[0005] One aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a cleaning member that can prevent a decrease in wiping performance even when used in a high-temperature environment or when the temperature rises due to prolonged use. Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide an elastic member that is resistant to a decrease in loss factor tan δ even at high temperatures. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a cleaning member that includes an elastic member containing polyurethane, and that cleans the surface of a member to be cleaned by bringing at least a portion of the elastic member into contact with the surface of the member to be cleaned, and when a loss factor tanδ of a sample taken from the elastic member so as to include the portion that comes into contact with the member to be cleaned is measured in a temperature range of −20°C to +60°C, the maximum value of tanδ is The peak temperature of the peak shown is 15.0°C or less, the maximum value of tan δ is 0.20 or more and 0.55 or less, and tan δ at a temperature of 55°C is 0.13 or more, and A sample taken from the elastic member so as to include the portion that comes into contact with the member to be cleaned is heated and vaporized in an ionization chamber, and a direct sample introduction mass spectrometer is used to ionize the molecules that make up the sample. When the sample is heated to 1000°C at a heating rate of 10°C / sec, the detected amount of all ions obtained is defined as M1, and the integrated intensity of the peak in the extracted ion thermogram corresponding to the range of m / z values ​​derived from polyfunctional isocyanates having three or more isocyanate groups is defined as M2, a cleaning member is provided in which M2 / M1 is 0.001 or greater.

[0007] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides an elastic member containing polyurethane, wherein, when the loss factor tan δ of a sample sampled from the elastic member is measured over a temperature range of −20°C to +60°C, the peak temperature of the peak exhibiting the maximum value of tan δ is 15.0°C or lower, the maximum value of tan δ is 0.20 or higher and 0.55 or lower, and tan δ at a temperature of 55°C is 0.13 or higher; and, when a sample sampled from the elastic member is heated and vaporized in an ionization chamber and heated to 1000°C at a heating rate of 10°C / sec using a direct sample introduction mass spectrometer that ionizes the molecules that constitute the sample, M2 / M1 is 0.001 or higher, where M1 is the amount of detected ions obtained when the sample is heated and vaporized in an ionization chamber and heated to 1000°C at a heating rate of 10°C / sec using a direct sample introduction mass spectrometer, and M2 is the integrated intensity of the peak in an extracted ion thermogram corresponding to the range of m / z values ​​derived from a polyfunctional isocyanate having three or more isocyanate groups. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to obtain a cleaning member that can prevent a decrease in wiping performance even when the temperature rises due to use in a high-temperature environment or over a long period of time. Also, according to another aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to obtain an elastic member that is resistant to a decrease in loss factor tan δ even at high temperatures. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] Schematic perspective view of an electrophotographic cleaning blade [Figure 2] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a state in which the edge of the cleaning blade is in contact with the member to be cleaned. [Figure 3] Schematic cross-sectional view of a vehicle wiper member [Figure 4] 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating a state of a vehicle wiper member during cleaning; [Figure 5] Schematic diagram of a cleaning wiper blade [Figure 6] An explanatory diagram of a process in which a cleaning wiper blade cleans a member to be cleaned. [Figure 7] Schematic diagram of the testing machine for tracking evaluation DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] In the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, the expressions "XX or more and YY or less" or "XX to YY" representing a numerical range mean a numerical range including the lower and upper limits, which are the endpoints. When a numerical range is described in stages, the upper and lower limits of each numerical range can be combined in any way.

[0011] The present inventors have found that, for example, the elastic member of the embodiment described below and the cleaning member using the elastic member have excellent conformability to the member to be cleaned, and can prevent a decrease in wiping performance even when the temperature rises due to use in a high-temperature environment or use over a long period of time. <Cleaning material composition> <Peak temperature of loss factor (tanδ)> In a cleaning member having an elastic member, when the loss coefficient (hereinafter also referred to as "tan δ") of a sample taken from the elastic member so as to include the contact portion with the member to be cleaned is measured in the temperature range of -20°C to +60°C, the peak top temperature of the peak showing the maximum value of tan δ (hereinafter also referred to as "tan δ peak temperature") is 15.0°C or less. The tan δ peak temperature is an index generally called the glass transition temperature. An elastic body changes its temperature from the tan δ peak temperature to the At low temperatures, the properties of a resin become stronger, and at high temperatures, it behaves as an elastic body. If the tan δ peak temperature is 15.0°C or lower, the elastic member can function as an elastic body in the temperature range in which the cleaning member is actually used (for example, 0 to 55°C).

[0012] The tan δ peak temperature is preferably 14.0°C or lower, more preferably 13.0°C or lower. There is no particular lower limit, but it is preferably -5.0°C or higher, more preferably 0.0°C or higher, and even more preferably 5.0°C or higher. The tan δ peak temperature can be adjusted by the ratio of hard segments to soft segments in the polyurethane. Specifically, the tan peak temperature can be controlled to be lower by increasing the ratio of soft segments to hard segments. A specific method for achieving this is to increase the ratio of polyol to isocyanate in the raw material composition of the polyurethane.

[0013] <Maximum value (peak value) of loss factor (tanδ)> Tan δ represents the ratio of the viscous component to the elastic component in the elastic member. The smaller this value, the greater the proportion of the elastic component, and the faster the elastic member responds to a force applied to it. Therefore, in order to obtain an elastic member that has good conformability to the member to be cleaned, it is effective to lower the maximum value of tan δ (hereinafter also referred to as the "tan δ peak value"). Specifically, by setting the tan δ peak value of the elastic member to be 0.20 or more and 0.55 or less, the elastic member can have good conformability to the member to be cleaned. It is particularly preferable that the tan δ peak value be 0.25 or more and 0.50 or less.

[0014] <Loss factor (tanδ) at a temperature of 55°C> From the perspective of energy, tan δ represents the loss energy relative to the stored energy. If tan δ is high, a high proportion of input vibration energy is converted into loss energy such as heat, and the elastic member can therefore have high vibration damping properties.

[0015] When a cleaning member equipped with a polyurethane elastic member is rubbed against a member to be cleaned over a long period of time, frictional heat can cause the elastic member to heat up to, for example, about 55°C. As the temperature of the elastic member increases, tan δ decreases, improving its ability to follow the member to be cleaned but reducing its vibration-damping properties. This can lead to chattering, noise, and uneven wiping or incomplete wiping. Therefore, to ensure stable wiping performance even when the elastic member's temperature reaches 55°C, it is effective to set tan δ at 55°C to 0.13 or greater. Tan δ at 55°C is particularly preferably 0.15 or greater. The upper limit is not particularly limited as long as it is less than the tan δ peak value, but is preferably, for example, 0.50 or less, particularly 0.35 or less.

[0016] One possible way to lower the tan δ peak value is to develop a crystalline bridge structure in the elastic member. However, simply developing the crystalline structure of the elastic member results in a smaller viscosity term at high temperatures, such as 55°C, as the mobility of the molecules that make up the resin increases. As a result, tan δ decreases, the vibration-damping ability of the elastic member decreases, and chattering becomes more likely. Therefore, in order to obtain a cleaning member that has high conformability to the member being cleaned and is less likely to chatter even at high temperatures, we recognized that a polyurethane with a tan δ peak value of 0.55 or less for the elastic member and a tan δ at a temperature of 55°C that is not too small is effective.

[0017] As a result of investigations, the present inventors have found that by using a predetermined ratio of bifunctional diphenylmethane diisocyanate and a trifunctional or higher polyfunctional isocyanate (e.g., polymeric MDI) as polyurethane raw materials, and by using a specific catalyst that can react the polyfunctional isocyanate with a polyol with high efficiency, it is possible to obtain a polyurethane having a tan δ peak temperature of 15.0°C or less, a peak value in the range of 0.20 to 0.55, and a tan δ of 0.13 or more at a temperature of 55°C. The reason why polyurethane having such physical properties can be obtained by using the above-mentioned compound is presumed to be as follows.

[0018] First, by using a specific catalyst, each isocyanate group of a multifunctional isocyanate can be reacted with a polyol very efficiently to form a polyurethane with a high crosslink density. This can increase the elasticity factor. Meanwhile, the urethane bond portion derived from diphenylmethane diisocyanate is highly planar and easily stacks. As a result, a region with a developed crystalline structure (hereinafter referred to as the "crystalline region") is formed within the hard segment. In the crystalline region, when an external force is applied, the crystals can displace and absorb the external force, which acts to increase the viscosity factor. At room temperature, both the viscosity factor and the elasticity factor exhibit large values, but by adjusting the ratio of diphenylmethane diisocyanate to the multifunctional isocyanate, the tan δ peak value can be controlled within a specified range.

[0019] Furthermore, it is generally believed that in the high temperature range, the value of the viscosity term decreases as the crystalline structure loosens or unravels with increased molecular motion. However, in the polyurethane according to the present disclosure, in addition to the crystallinity of the crystalline region derived from diphenylmethane diisocyanate, a three-dimensional crosslinked structure derived from the polyfunctional isocyanate is developed, so that the crystalline structure is less likely to collapse even at high temperatures, and it is believed that the value of the viscosity term is maintained to a certain extent even at high temperatures such as 55°C.

[0020] Furthermore, in one embodiment of the elastic member of the present disclosure, a sample sampled from the contact point with the member to be cleaned is heated and vaporized in an ionization chamber, and the molecules constituting the sample are ionized using a direct sample introduction mass spectrometer. When the sample is heated to 1000°C at a heating rate of 10°C / sec, M1 is the detected amount of all ions obtained, and M2 is the integrated intensity of the peak in the extracted ion thermogram corresponding to the range of m / z values ​​derived from polyfunctional isocyanates having three or more isocyanate groups, M2 / M1 is 0.001 or greater.

[0021] A polyurethane having an M2 / M1 ratio of 0.001 or more may have a high-order crosslinked structure resulting from a trifunctional or higher isocyanate. The polyurethane having such a high-order crosslinked structure has a tan δ peak temperature of 15.0°C or less and a tan δ peak value of 0.20 to 0.55. Furthermore, physical properties such as a tan δ of 0.13 or greater at a temperature of 55°C can be more easily achieved. M2 / M1 is preferably 0.002 or greater, and more preferably 0.004 or greater. There is no particular upper limit to M2 / M1, but M2 / M1 is preferably 0.035 or less, and more preferably 0.020 or less. Therefore, M2 / M1 is preferably 0.001 or greater and 0.035 or less, particularly preferably 0.002 or greater and 0.035 or less, and more preferably 0.004 or greater and 0.020 or less.

[0022] Furthermore, in the polyurethane according to the present disclosure, when the integrated intensity of the peak in an extracted ion thermogram corresponding to the range of m / z values ​​derived from diisocyanate obtained by the above-mentioned analysis method using a direct sample introduction mass spectrometer is defined as M3, the ratio M3 / M1 on the first tapered surface and / or the second tapered surface is preferably 0.025 to 0.130, and more preferably 0.038 to 0.108. When M3 / M1 is within the above range, the polyurethane can have a certain amount of crystalline structure. Polyurethanes having such a crystalline structure have a tan δ peak temperature of 15.0°C or less. This makes it easier to achieve physical properties such as a tan δ peak value of 0.20 to 0.55 and a tan δ of 0.13 or more at a temperature of 55°C.

[0023] Furthermore, it is preferable that M2 / M3 is 0.046 or more and 0.441 or less. M2 / M3 is a parameter that represents the ratio of a structural portion derived from a diisocyanate to a structural portion derived from a trifunctional or higher polyfunctional isocyanate in the isocyanate-derived structure of the polyurethane. By setting M2 / M3 within the above range, the tanδ peak temperature is 15.0°C or less. It is possible to more easily achieve physical properties such as a tan δ peak value of 0.20 to 0.55 and a tan δ of 0.13 or more at a temperature of 55°C.

[0024] A polyurethane according to one embodiment of the present disclosure can be, for example, a reaction product of a polyurethane raw material composition including an isocyanate compound including a diisocyanate and a tri- or higher functional isocyanate, and an alcohol including a tri- or higher functional alcohol.

[0025] Examples of the polyol include polyester polyols such as polyethylene adipate polyol, polybutylene adipate polyol, polyhexylene adipate polyol, (polyethylene / polypropylene) adipate polyol, (polyethylene / polybutylene) adipate polyol, and (polyethylene / polyneopentylene) adipate polyol; polycaprolactone-based polyols obtained by ring-opening polymerization of caprolactone; polyether polyols such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and polytetramethylene glycol; and polycarbonate diols, which can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among the above polyols, polyester polyols using adipate are preferred because they can produce polyurethane elastomers with excellent mechanical properties.

[0026] In particular, those using glycols with 4 or more carbon atoms, such as polybutylene adipate polyol and polyhexylene adipate polyol, are more preferred. It is also preferable to use polyols with different glycol carbon numbers, such as polybutylene adipate polyol and polyhexylene adipate polyol. The presence of different types of polyols can suppress crystallization of soft segments, thereby suppressing hard segment aggregation.

[0027] The chain extender may be a glycol or polyhydric alcohol capable of extending the polyurethane elastomer chain. Examples of glycols include ethylene glycol (EG), diethylene glycol (DEG), propylene glycol (PG), dipropylene glycol (DPG), 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD), 1,6-hexanediol (1,6-HD), 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, xylylene glycol (terephthalyl alcohol), and triethylene glycol. Examples of trihydric or higher polyhydric alcohols include trimethylolpropane, glycerin, pentaerythritol, and sorbitol. These may be used alone or in combination.

[0028] Examples of the diisocyanate include 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (4,4'-MDI), 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (2,4-TDI), 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate (2,6-TDI), xylene diisocyanate (XDI), 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate (1,5-NDI), p-phenylene diisocyanate (PPDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (hydrogenated MDI), tetramethylxylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), and carbodiimide-modified diphenylmethane diisocyanate.

[0029] Among these, 4,4'-MDI, in which two isocyanate groups have the same reactivity, is preferred.

[0030] In addition, examples of polyfunctional isocyanates with three or more functional groups include triphenylmethane-4,4',4''-triisocyanate (TTI), tris(phenylisocyanate)thiophosphite, and At least one selected from the group consisting of tris(phenylisocyanate)thiophosphate (TPTI) and polymeric MDI can be used. Among them, tris(phenylisocyanate)thiophosphate (TPTI) and polymeric MDI can be used more preferably.

[0031] Here, polymeric MDI is represented by the following chemical formula (1) and chemical formula (1)'. In chemical formula (1)', n is preferably 1 or more and 4 or less. Chemical formula (1) is the case where n is 1 in chemical formula (1)'.

[0032] [ka]

[0033] Here, when the polyurethane is a polyurethane produced using polymeric MDI represented by the above chemical formula (1)' as a tri- or higher functional polyfunctional isocyanate, M2 may be the sum of the integrated intensities of peaks that appear in the extracted ion thermogram obtained by the above-mentioned mass spectrometry, where the m / z value due to n=1 in the structure represented by chemical formula (1)' is in the range of 380.5 to 381.5, the m / z value due to n=2 is in the range of 511.5 to 512.5, the m / z value due to n=3 is in the range of 642.5 to 643.5, and the m / z value due to n=4 is in the range of 773.5 to 774.5.

[0034] TTI as a tri- or higher functional isocyanate has a structure represented by the following chemical formula (3): For polyurethane synthesized using TTI, M2 can be defined as the integrated intensity of a peak derived from the cationized product of TTI, which appears in the m / z range of 366.5 to 367.5 in the extracted ion thermogram obtained by the above method.

[0035] [ka]

[0036] Furthermore, tris(phenyl isocyanate) as a polyfunctional isocyanate with three or more functional groups ) thiophosphate (TPTI) has a structure represented by chemical formula (4). For polyurethanes synthesized using TPTI, the integrated intensity M2 of the peak derived from the cationized product of TPTI appears in the m / z range of 464.5 to 465.5 in the extracted ion thermogram obtained by the above-described mass spectrometry.

[0037] [ka]

[0038] Furthermore, for polyurethane synthesized using 4,4'-MDI represented by chemical formula (2) as the diisocyanate, the integrated intensity of the peak derived from 4,4'-MDI, which has a peak top at an m / z value of 249.5 to 250.5 derived from the structure represented by chemical formula (2) in the extracted ion thermogram obtained by the above-mentioned mass spectrometry, may be defined as M3. [ka]

[0039] As the catalyst, a catalyst commonly used for curing polyurethane elastomers can be used. Among them, tertiary amino alcohols are preferred. Examples of tertiary amino alcohols include 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol, 3-(dimethylamino)propanol, 2-(dimethylamino)-1-methylpropanol, 2-{2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy}ethanol, 2-{2-(diethylamino)ethoxy}ethanol, and 2-[{2-(dimethylamino)ethyl}methylamino]ethanol.

[0040] Among these, 2-[{2-(dimethylamino)ethyl}methylamino]ethanol (trade name: TOYOCAT-RX5, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) and 2-{2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy}ethanol (trade name: TOYOCAT-RX3, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation), which are temperature-sensitive catalysts capable of efficiently carrying out crosslinking reactions using trifunctional or higher polyfunctional isocyanates, are preferred. Such temperature-sensitive catalysts can react the above-mentioned polyfunctional isocyanates with polyols with extremely high efficiency, and can effectively form a high-order crosslinked structure in the polyurethane.

[0041] Furthermore, additives such as pigments, plasticizers, waterproofing agents, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, and light stabilizers may be blended into the polyurethane raw material composition as needed.

[0042] <Configuration of cleaning member in electrophotography> A cleaning member according to one aspect of the present disclosure can be used, for example, as a cleaning blade for an electrophotographic image forming apparatus. Examples of members to be cleaned to which an electrophotographic cleaning blade is applied include image carriers such as photoreceptors, and endless belts such as intermediate transfer belts. Hereinafter, an embodiment of the cleaning member will be described in detail, taking an image carrier as an example of the member to be cleaned, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0043] 1 is a schematic perspective view of a cleaning member 1. The cleaning member 1 includes an elastic member 2 containing polyurethane according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, and a support member 3 that supports the elastic member 2. The support member 3 preferably supports the elastic member 2 along the longitudinal direction of the elastic member 2.

[0044] 2 is a schematic example of a cross section of the cleaning member 1 in contact with the member to be cleaned 6. The elastic member 2 has a main surface 4 facing the member to be cleaned 6 and a tip surface 5 that forms a tip edge together with the main surface 4. R indicates the rotation direction of the member to be cleaned.

[0045] During operation of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, the temperature inside the apparatus rises to nearly 55°C. This is due not only to heat generated at the contact point between the cleaning member and the member to be cleaned, but also to the influence of heaters inside the apparatus. Furthermore, the temperature of the elastic member easily rises to around 55°C due to friction with the member to be cleaned, such as an image carrier. However, a cleaning blade equipped with an elastic member according to the present disclosure can maintain stable cleaning performance even when the temperature of the elastic member reaches a high temperature such as 55°C. In this respect, the electrophotographic cleaning blade according to one embodiment of the present disclosure contributes to the stable formation of high-quality electrophotographic images.

[0046] [Support member] As shown in FIG. 2, the support member is a member 3 that supports an elastic member 2 so that the tip of the elastic member 2 abuts against the surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive drum 6, which is a member to be cleaned, in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus. The configuration of the support member is not particularly limited as long as it performs the function. The material of the support member is also not particularly limited as long as it performs the function, and examples thereof include the following: metal materials such as steel plate, stainless steel plate, zinc-plated steel plate, and chrome-free steel plate; and resins such as 6-nylon and 6,6-nylon.

[0047] <Method of manufacturing a cleaning blade having an elastic member> The method for producing the cleaning blade according to the present disclosure is not particularly limited, and an appropriate method may be selected from known methods. For example, a release agent is applied to the inner surface of a mold for a cleaning blade, a support member is arranged, and then the polyurethane raw material composition is poured into the mold and heated to harden, thereby obtaining a cleaning blade in which a plate-shaped elastic member (blade member) and a support member are integrated.

[0048] The polyurethane preferably contains a reaction product of a composition containing an isocyanate compound containing a diisocyanate and a tri- or higher functional isocyanate, and an alcohol containing a tri- or higher functional alcohol. For example, a method for producing an elastic member includes a step of reacting an isocyanate compound with a polyol to obtain a prepolymer, a step of mixing the polyol and the tri- or higher functional alcohol as a curing agent and a catalyst with the obtained prepolymer to obtain a polyurethane raw material composition, and a step of curing the obtained polyurethane raw material composition to obtain an elastic member.

[0049] In the step of obtaining a prepolymer, the reaction is preferably carried out so that the NCO content is preferably about 5 to 30% by mass, more preferably about 8 to 15% by mass. The reaction temperature is preferably about 50 to 120° C., more preferably about 70 to 90° C. The reaction time is preferably about 30 to 400 minutes, more preferably about 120 to 300 minutes. When curing the polyurethane raw material composition, for example, it is cured at 100 to 180°C for about 1 to 5 minutes. It is preferable to harden the resin.

[0050] The content of each material in the polyurethane raw material composition is not particularly limited as long as the above tan δ and M2 / M1 are satisfied. For example, the content of diisocyanate in the polyurethane raw material composition is preferably 2 to 30 mass%, more preferably 10 to 25 mass%. The content of tri- or higher functional isocyanate in the polyurethane raw material composition is preferably 5 to 35 mass%, more preferably 10 to 20 mass%. The content of polyol in the polyurethane raw material composition is preferably 30 to 80 mass%, more preferably 50 to 70 mass%. The content of tri- or higher functional alcohol in the polyurethane raw material composition is preferably 1 to 10 mass%, more preferably 2 to 5 mass%.

[0051] While known release agents such as fluorine-based release agents, silicone-based release agents, and surfactants can be used as release agents, silicone-based release agents are preferred from the perspectives of the environment, cost, and performance. Examples of silicone-based release agents include a mixture of silicone oil and silicone resin diluted with a solvent. Examples of silicone oils include dimethyl silicone oil (ELEMENT14 PDMS series (trade name, manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials)). Examples of silicone resins include "SR1000," "SS4230," and "SS4267" (all trade names, manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials), and "MQ803TF" (trade name, manufactured by Wacker Asahi Kasei Silicone). Any grade of the silicone oil and silicone resin described above can be used in combination with the silicone oil. The non-volatile content of the silicone resin is preferably 10 to 70% by mass.

[0052] A cleaning blade mold consisting of an upper and lower mold is prepared, and an adhesive is applied to one end of a support member, which is then placed so that it protrudes into the cavity of the mold for forming the blade portion. A liquid polyurethane raw material composition, which is the raw material for the elastic member, is poured into the mold through an opening on the lateral end face, and a curing reaction is carried out at 100°C to 150°C, resulting in a molded product in which the support member and elastic member are integrated. A cleaning blade can be manufactured by cutting the elastic member into the desired shape (hereinafter referred to as Manufacturing Method I).

[0053] A cleaning blade mold consisting of an upper mold and a lower mold is prepared. An adhesive is applied to one end of each support member, and two support members are placed facing each other with this portion protruding into the cavity of the mold for forming the blade portion. A liquid polyurethane raw material composition, which is the raw material for the elastic member, is poured into the mold through an opening on the longitudinal end face, and a curing reaction is carried out at 100°C to 150°C, resulting in a molded product in which two support members are integrated with the elastic member. During the pouring process, the mold is tilted 0 to 25° so that the raw material composition flows first through one of the two support members. The elastic member portion of this molded product is then cut in the center along the short side to separate it into two pieces, and the elastic member is further cut and removed along both longitudinal ends of the support member, thereby producing two cleaning blades (hereinafter referred to as Manufacturing Method II).

[0054] Alternatively, a polyurethane elastomer sheet may be separately molded from the polyurethane raw material composition, and then cut into strips to prepare elastic members. The adhesive portion of the elastic member may then be superimposed on a support member to which an adhesive has been applied or attached, and the resulting material may be bonded by heating and pressurizing.

[0055] <Process cartridge and electrophotographic image forming apparatus> The cleaning blade can be incorporated into a process cartridge that is detachably attached to an electrophotographic image forming apparatus. Specifically, for example, in a process cartridge that includes an image carrier as a member to be cleaned and a cleaning blade that is arranged so as to be able to clean the surface of the image carrier, The cleaning blade according to the present embodiment can be used as the cleaning blade. Such a process cartridge contributes to the stable formation of high-quality electrophotographs.

[0056] An electrophotographic image forming apparatus according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes an image carrier such as a photoreceptor, and a cleaning blade arranged to be able to clean the surface of the image carrier, the cleaning blade being the cleaning blade described above. Such an electrophotographic image forming apparatus can stably form high-quality electrophotographic images.

[0057] ~Vehicle wiper components~ The cleaning member according to the present disclosure can be used as a vehicle wiper blade for wiping the surface of a cleaning target, such as a vehicle windshield. That is, the cleaning member is preferably a vehicle wiper member for a wiper device for a cleaning target, such as a vehicle windshield. Vehicle wiper blades are used in automobiles, trains, ships, and aircraft to wipe water droplets and dirt from glass surfaces such as windshields and rear windows to ensure the driver's visibility. In this case, the cleaning member used in the vehicle wiper blade is required to have sufficient tracking ability to wipe a variety of cleaning targets, such as liquid deposits, fine particles contained in exhaust gases, and dust such as asphalt, from glass surfaces with large and small curvatures. Furthermore, when wiping highly adhesive targets from glass surfaces, it is necessary to suppress chattering that occurs when the cleaning member is used in a hot environment or over a long period of use, resulting in increased temperature.

[0058] As shown in Fig. 3(a), the vehicle wiper member includes a vehicle wiper support portion 11 and a lip portion (tip portion) 13. As shown in Fig. 3(b), a neck 12 may be interposed between the support portion 11 and the lip portion 13 to allow the lip portion 13 to swing. For example, in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle wiper member, the neck 12 may be narrower in width than the vehicle wiper support portion 11 and the lip portion 13.

[0059] As shown in Figure 4(a), the lip portion 13 of the vehicle wiper member is inclined in the wiping direction, with a portion of the lip portion abutting against the surface of the member to be cleaned. In particular, when the wiper member has a neck 12 as shown in Figure 4(b), the lip portion 13 is inclined in the wiping direction from the neck as a starting point, with a portion of the lip portion abutting against the surface of the member to be cleaned.

[0060] In order to properly control the inclination of the lip portion relative to the member to be cleaned during wiping, as shown in FIG. 3(c), the lip portion 13 may have a shoulder portion 20 on the side closer to the vehicle wiper support portion 11 in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle wiper member. As shown in FIG. 3(d), the shoulder portion may have a tapered shape 14 whose width gradually decreases from the side closer to the support portion 11 toward the direction away from the support portion 11. By having the shoulder portion, the lip portion inclines during wiping, and the vehicle wiper support portion and the shoulder portion come into contact. This allows for stable control of the inclination during wiping and the angle of the lip portion relative to the member to be cleaned.

[0061] The vehicle wiper member is formed to have a substantially uniform cross-sectional shape in the longitudinal direction. Figures 4(a) and 4(b) are explanatory views showing the vehicle wiper member in a cleaning process.

[0062] In Figure 4(a), the lip portion 13 of the vehicle wiper member has a first lip surface 15 that abuts the member to be cleaned 50, a second lip surface 16 opposite the first lip surface 15, and a tip surface 17 that, together with the first lip surface 15 and the second lip surface 16, constitutes a first edge 18 and a second edge 19 on the side of the lip portion 13 that is farthest from the support portion 11 (see Figure 3 for the first edge 18, second edge 19 and tip surface 17).

[0063] In FIG. 4(b), the lip portion 13 of the vehicle wiper member has a second lip surface 16 and a second The lip portion 13 has a first lip surface 15 opposite to the lip surface 16, and a tip surface 17 which, together with the first lip surface 15 and the second lip surface 16, constitutes a first edge 18 and a second edge 19 on the side of the lip portion 13 furthest from the support portion 11 (see Figure 3 for the first edge 18, second edge 19 and tip surface 17).

[0064] The arrow R indicates the cleaning direction of the vehicle wiper member. By switching from cleaning in the direction of arrow R in Fig. 4(a) to cleaning in the direction of arrow R in Fig. 4(b), the surface that abuts against the member to be cleaned switches from first lip surface 15 to second lip surface 16.

[0065] The vehicle wiper blade has a peak temperature of a peak showing a maximum value of tan δ measured by the above-mentioned method using a sample for measuring a loss factor tan δ prepared so as to include a contact portion with a member to be cleaned, from an elastic member in a lip portion that is in contact with the member to be cleaned, and a maximum value of the peak, which satisfy the above-mentioned relationship. As a result, during cleaning of the vehicle wiper blade, resinification of the contact portion of the vehicle wiper blade that contacts the member to be cleaned in the actual use temperature range is suppressed, and uniform contact is maintained along the longitudinal direction, thereby enabling sufficient followability to be exhibited.

[0066] Furthermore, it is preferable that the vehicle wiper member has at least a vehicle wiper support portion and a lip portion that abuts against the surface of the windshield, as this improves uniformity of abutment along the longitudinal direction and exhibits sufficient vibration damping properties to suppress chatter.

[0067] Furthermore, if the vehicle wiper member is provided with at least a lip portion that abuts against the vehicle wiper support portion and the surface of the windshield, and a shoulder portion on the vehicle wiper support portion side of the lip portion, this further improves uniformity of abutment in the longitudinal direction, and exhibits sufficient vibration damping properties to suppress chatter, which is preferable.

[0068] Furthermore, if the vehicle wiper member has at least a vehicle wiper support portion and a lip portion that is swingably connected to the vehicle wiper support portion via a neck, this is preferable because it further improves the uniformity of contact over the length and exhibits sufficient vibration damping properties to suppress vibration.

[0069] Furthermore, the loss factor tan δ of the vehicle wiper blade, which is measured using as a sample the elastic member at the lip portion that contacts the member to be cleaned, satisfies the above condition. As a result, even when the cleaning member becomes hot due to use in a hot environment or over a long period of use during cleaning, the vehicle wiper blade exhibits sufficient vibration damping properties to suppress chatter.

[0070] <Method of manufacturing vehicle wiper blades> The method for producing a vehicle wiper blade is not particularly limited and can be selected from known methods. For example, a lip portion having a tapered portion can be obtained by injecting a polyurethane elastomer raw material composition into a mold for a vehicle wiper blade and curing it by heating.

[0071] The tapered portion may be cut at its tip to form the desired shape. This is preferable because it allows the first edge and the second edge to be molded with high smoothness. Alternatively, a vehicle wiper blade may be produced by producing a pair of tandem-shaped molded bodies formed with the tapered portions facing each other and abutting against each other, and then cutting them longitudinally. The blade support portion and neck may be produced using conventionally known materials and manufacturing methods.

[0072] <The entire process including vehicle wiper arms> The vehicle wiper blade of the present disclosure can be used in various types of wiper devices, such as tandem type and opposing wiping type.

[0073] ~Cleaning wiper blades (wiping cleaning parts)~ The wiping cleaning member according to the present disclosure cleans the surface of a member to be cleaned by bringing an elastic member into contact with the surface of the member to be cleaned. It can be used as a cleaning wiper blade for cleaning surfaces such as window glass, tiles, walls, lenses, and solar panels. The cleaning wiper blade is required to have sufficient conformability to suppress uneven wiping without applying a strong pressure to the surface to be cleaned. Furthermore, when wiping highly adhesive objects from the surface to be cleaned, it is required to suppress chatter caused by the increased temperature of the cleaning member due to the increased pressure.

[0074] As shown in Figure 5(a), the cleaning wiper blade has an elastic member 32 that is pressed against the surface to be cleaned, and cleans the surface of the member to be cleaned by abutting a part of the elastic member against the surface of the member to be cleaned.

[0075] FIG. 5(a) shows a configuration in which only an elastic member 32 is provided, but as shown in FIG. 5(c) (to stably press the cleaning wiper blade in the longitudinal direction), it is preferable to provide an elastic member support portion 33 that supports the elastic member in the longitudinal direction of the elastic member.

[0076] As shown in Fig. 5(b), the cleaning device may include a grip portion 31 to be held and an elastic member 32 that is supported by the grip portion 31 and pressed against the surface to be cleaned. As shown in Fig. 5(c), the cleaning device may include an elastic member support portion 33 that supports the elastic member 32 between the grip portion 31 and the elastic member 32.

[0077] The grip portion 31 is a portion that can be grasped or held by the cleaning operator, typically a hand. The grip portion 31 extends in a direction intersecting the direction in which the elastic member 32 extends. The shape of the grip portion 31 is not particularly limited as long as it can be grasped or held by the cleaning operator. A jig that assists in cleaning may be attached to the grip portion. For example, a jig that extends the grip portion for cleaning high places may be used. The material of the grip portion 31 is not particularly limited and may be made of resin or metal.

[0078] Also, for example, as shown in Fig. 5(d), a support grip part 34 may be provided in which the elastic member support part and the grip part are integrated. For example, the support grip part 34 may be shaped to sandwich a part of the elastic member 32. As shown in Fig. 5(e), the elastic member 32 and the grip part 31 may be integrated. The grip part 31, the elastic member support part 33, and the elastic member 32 may each be detachable or integrated.

[0079] The cleaning wiper blade has a peak temperature of the peak showing the maximum value of tan δ measured by the above-mentioned method using a loss factor tan δ measurement sample prepared so as to extend from the elastic member 32 in the contact area with the member to be cleaned to the contact portion with the member to be cleaned, and a maximum value of the peak satisfy the above-mentioned relationship. As a result, the cleaning wiper blade narrows the contact width of the cleaning member with the surface to be cleaned, even when cleaning is performed without applying a strong pressure. If the loss factor of the elastic member is within the above-mentioned range, sufficient conformity is exhibited with respect to this narrow contact width, so that the applied force is concentrated at the contact portion, and the deposits are not simply wiped off from the member to be cleaned, but are scraped away without being torn off or missed.

[0080] Furthermore, if the cleaning wiper blade is provided with an elastic member support portion 33, the cleaning wiper blade is pressed stably in the longitudinal direction, which further improves the tracking ability. Furthermore, if the cleaning wiper blade is provided with a grip portion 31 to be held, the cleaning wiper blade is pressed stably in the longitudinal direction, which further improves the tracking ability. preferable.

[0081] <Method for manufacturing elastic member of cleaning wiper blade> The method for producing the elastic member of the cleaning wiper blade is not particularly limited and can be selected from known methods. For example, the elastic member of the cleaning wiper blade can be obtained by injecting a polyurethane elastomer raw material composition into a mold for the elastic portion of the cleaning wiper blade and curing it by heating.

[0082] The tip of the elastic portion may be cut to form a shape. This is preferable because it allows the tip edge to be molded with high smoothness. Alternatively, a pair of tandem-shaped molded bodies may be produced in which the tip surfaces of the elastic portions are abutted against each other and facing each other, and then cut in the longitudinal direction to produce a cleaning wiper blade.

[0083] <How to use the cleaning wiper blade> The method of using the cleaning wiper blade will now be described. The person performing the cleaning operation holds the grip portion 31 or the support grip portion 34, and while pressing the elastic member 32 against the surface of the object to be cleaned, moves the cleaning wiper blade in a direction intersecting the direction in which the elastic member 32 extends to remove dirt. Figure 6 shows an explanatory diagram of the cleaning process in which the cleaning wiper blade comes into contact with the object to be cleaned 35 and slides over it to clean it.

[0084] The direction in which the cleaning wiper blade is moved is a direction intersecting the direction in which the elastic member 32 extends, and it can be moved in the pushing direction C shown in Fig. 6(a) and the pulling direction W shown in Fig. 6(b). For example, the leading edge formed by the lip surface 36 and the leading end surface 38 can be brought into contact with the member to be cleaned 35 and moved. Alternatively, dirt may be pre-wetted with a liquid detergent or water, and then removed together with the liquid detergent or water.

[0085] <Shape of cleaning wiper blade> In the cleaning wiper blade, there are no limitations on the shapes and attachment methods of the elastic member 32, the elastic member support portion 33, and the grip portion 31 or the support grip portion 34. Furthermore, there are no limitations on the attachment method of the elastic member support portion 33 to the elastic member 32, or the attachment method of the grip portion 31 or the support grip portion 34 to the elastic member support portion 33. [Example]

[0086] The present invention will be described below with reference to Production Examples, Examples, and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples. Raw materials other than those indicated in the Examples and Comparative Examples were reagents or industrial chemicals.

[0087] <Electrophotographic cleaning material> In this example, an integrally molded cleaning blade as shown in Figure 1 was produced and evaluated. In the examples and comparative examples, "parts" are all by mass unless otherwise specified.

[0088] Example 1 [Support member] A 1.6 mm thick zinc-plated steel plate was prepared and processed to obtain a support member with an L-shaped cross section, as shown by reference numeral 3 in Figure 2. A urethane-metal single-layer adhesive (product name: Chemlok 219, manufactured by Lord Corporation) was applied to the area of ​​this support member that would come into contact with the elastic member.

[0089] [Preparation of raw material for elastic member] The materials listed in Table 1 below were mixed and reacted at a temperature of 80° C. for 3 hours to obtain a prepolymer having an NCO content of 10.2% by mass. [Table 1]

[0090] Furthermore, a curing agent was prepared by mixing the materials in Table 2 below. [Table 2]

[0091] The curing agent was added to the prepolymer and mixed to obtain a raw material composition. The adhesive-coated portion of the support member was positioned so that it protruded into the cavity of a mold for a cleaning blade (Manufacturing Method I). The raw material composition was then injected into the cavity and cured at 130°C for 2 minutes. The mold was then removed to obtain an integrally molded product of polyurethane and the support member.

[0092] Prior to injecting the raw material composition into the cavity, a mold release agent A was applied. The mold release agent A is a mixture of the materials described in Table 3 below.

Table 3

[0093] The polyurethane of the obtained integrally molded body was cut so that the angle of the edge was 90 degrees, and the distances in the short side direction, thickness direction, and long side direction of the polyurethane were 7.5 mm, 1.8 mm, and 240 mm, respectively, to obtain the cleaning blade according to this example. Then, this cleaning blade was subjected to the following evaluation.

[0094] <Measurement method of loss coefficient tanδ (viscoelasticity)> The loss coefficient tanδ (viscoelasticity) was measured in accordance with Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) K 6394:2007 (General guidelines for the determination of dynamic properties of vulcanized rubber and thermoplastic rubber). The measurement conditions are described below. Apparatus: Dynamic viscoelasticity measuring apparatus (trade name: DMA EXPLEXOR 500N, manufactured by NETZSCH); Static strain: 2%; Dynamic strain: 0.5%; Measurement temperature: -20°C to 60°C; Measurement frequency: 10 Hz. In addition, the sample for measuring the loss coefficient tanδ was prepared as follows. The sample was prepared so as to include the angle of the contact portion with the member to be cleaned in the elastic member. It was prepared by cutting out on a rectangular parallelepiped of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 30 mm.

[0095] <Measurement of M1, M2 and M3> The samples were analyzed using the direct sample introduction method (DI method) in which the samples were directly introduced into the ion source without passing through a gas chromatograph (GC) to calculate M1 to M3. The equipment used was an ion trap GC / MS (trade name: POLARIS Q, manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific), and the direct introduction probe was a Direct Exposure Probe (DEP). The surface of the contact area with the cleaning object was measured using the following method. For sampling, a component such as polyurethane was cut out with a biocutter. Specifically, the cutout included the contact area with the cleaning object. If there were multiple contact areas, a cutout was made from each of these locations.

[0096] Approximately 0.1 μg of sample was sampled from the contact surface with the cleaning object, attached to a filament at the tip of the probe, and inserted directly into the ionization chamber. The sample was then rapidly heated from room temperature to 1000°C at a constant temperature increase rate (10°C / s), and the vaporized gas was detected by a mass spectrometer.

[0097] The detected amount of all ions, M1, was defined as the sum of the integrated intensities of all peaks in the obtained total ion current thermogram, and M2 was defined as the sum of the integrated intensities of peaks in the extracted ion thermogram corresponding to the range of m / z values ​​derived from trifunctional or higher polyfunctional isocyanates. In some cases, (M2 / M1) was calculated using the values ​​of M1 and M2.

[0098] Here, the polyurethane according to this example was synthesized using polymeric MDI (MR200) ​​as a trifunctional or higher isocyanate. In the extracted ion thermogram obtained by the above method, peaks derived from the cationized product of polymeric MDI were detected, with peak tops at m / z values ​​in the range of 380.5 to 381.5, indicating n=1 in the structure represented by chemical formula (1)', m / z values ​​in the range of 511.5 to 512.5, indicating n=2, m / z values ​​in the range of 642.5 to 643.5, indicating n=3, and m / z values ​​in the range of 773.5 to 774.5, indicating n=4. Therefore, in this example, the sum of the integrated intensities of these peaks was defined as M2.

[0099] In other examples described later, TTI used as a trifunctional or higher isocyanate has a structure represented by the following chemical formula (3): In the extracted ion thermogram obtained by the above method, a peak derived from the cationized product of TTI was detected, with a peak top at m / z 366.5 to 367.5. Therefore, in this example, the integrated intensity of this peak was designated M2. [ka]

[0100] Similarly, in the examples described below, tris(phenylisocyanate)thiophosphate (TPTI) used as a trifunctional or higher polyfunctional isocyanate has the structure shown in chemical formula (4). In the extracted ion thermogram obtained by the above method, polyurethane synthesized using TPTI exhibited a peak derived from the cationized product of TPTI, with a peak top at m / z 464.5 to 465.5. Therefore, in these examples, the integrated intensity of this peak was designated M2. [ka]

[0101] On the other hand, in the case of the diisocyanate 4,4'-MDI, when the m / z of the structure represented by the above chemical formula (2) derived from 4,4'-MDI is in the range of 249.5 to 250.5, the structure represented by the above chemical formula (2) is cationized and detected. The integrated intensity of the peak in the thermogram was taken as (M3).

[0102] <Method for evaluating tracking ability> The cleaning blade of Example 1 was incorporated into the cyan cartridge of a color laser beam printer (product name: HP LaserJet Enterprise Color M553dn, manufactured by HP) as a cleaning blade for the photosensitive drum, which is the member to be cleaned. In addition, the toner in the developing machine of the cyan cartridge was completely replaced with Toner 1 described below.

[0103] Next, after leaving it in a low temperature, low humidity environment (temperature 15°C, relative humidity 10%) for 24 hours, 12,500 images were formed under the same environment, which is the maximum number of printable sheets (hereinafter referred to as "normal evaluation"). Furthermore, the used developing machine was replaced with a new developing machine for a cyan cartridge in which the toner was completely replaced with Toner 1, and 12,500 images were again formed under the same environment, which is the maximum number of printable sheets (hereinafter referred to as "double evaluation"). The evaluation was carried out while the waste toner was sucked out from the rear of the cartridge as needed. The images obtained were ranked according to the following evaluation criteria. A: No image defects (streaks on the image) caused by the cleaning blade occur in either the normal evaluation or the double evaluation. B: Image defects (streaks on the image) caused by the cleaning blade did not occur in the normal evaluation, but occurred very slightly in the 2x evaluation (streaks of 5 mm or less in length). C: Image defects (streaks on the image) caused by the cleaning blade do not occur in the normal evaluation, but occur in the double evaluation (more than 10 mm), or occur in the normal evaluation.

[0104] <Method for evaluating chatter> The cleaning blade of Example 1 was incorporated into the cyan cartridge of a color laser beam printer (product name: HP LaserJet Enterprise Color M553dn, manufactured by Hewlett-Packard Co.) as a cleaning blade for the photosensitive drum, which is the member to be cleaned. In addition, the toner in the developing machine of the cyan cartridge was completely replaced with Toner 1 described below.

[0105] Next, after leaving it in a high temperature and high humidity environment (temperature 30°C, relative humidity 80%) for 24 hours, 12,500 images were formed under the same environment, which is the maximum number of printable sheets (hereinafter referred to as "normal evaluation"). Furthermore, the used developing machine was replaced with a new developing machine for a cyan cartridge in which the toner was completely replaced with Toner 1, and 12,500 images were again formed under the same environment, which is the maximum number of printable sheets (hereinafter referred to as "double evaluation"). When evaluation is performed under the same environment, the temperature of the elastic material of the cleaning blade rises to 55°C due to the operating heat of the laser beam printer itself and the frictional heat at the contact point of the cleaning blade, making it possible to evaluate chatter at high temperatures. The evaluation was carried out while the waste toner was sucked out from the rear of the cartridge as needed. The images obtained were ranked according to the following evaluation criteria. A: No image defects (streaks on the image) caused by the cleaning blade occurred in either the normal evaluation or the double evaluation, and no abnormal noises were generated. B: No image defects (streaks on the image) caused by the cleaning blade occurred in the normal evaluation, and only a slight occurrence occurred in the double evaluation (streaks of 5 mm or less in length). No abnormal noise occurred. C: Image defects (streaks on the image) caused by the cleaning blade do not occur in the normal evaluation, but do occur in the double evaluation (more than 10 mm), or do occur in the normal evaluation, or an abnormal noise occurs.

[0106] <Method of manufacturing toner 1> In the following, "parts" are all by mass unless otherwise specified. (Preparation step of aqueous medium 1) A reactor equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, and reflux condenser was charged with 650.0 parts of ion-exchanged water and 14.0 parts of sodium phosphate (Rasa Kogyo Co., Ltd., 12-hydrate), and the mixture was kept at 65°C for 1.0 hour while purging with nitrogen. A calcium chloride solution prepared by dissolving 9.2 parts of calcium chloride (dihydrate) in 10.0 parts of ion-exchanged water was added all at once while stirring at 15,000 rpm using a TK homomixer (Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.) to prepare an aqueous medium containing a dispersion stabilizer. Furthermore, 10% by mass of hydrochloric acid was added to the aqueous medium to adjust the pH to 5.0, yielding aqueous medium 1.

[0107] (Preparation step of polymerizable monomer composition) Styrene: 60.0 parts CI Pigment Blue 15:3:6.5 parts The materials were placed in an attritor (manufactured by Mitsui Miike Chemical Engineering Co., Ltd.), and further dispersed using zirconia particles with a diameter of 1.7 mm at 220 rpm for 5.0 hours to prepare a pigment dispersion. The following materials were added to the pigment dispersion. Styrene: 20.0 parts n-Butyl acrylate: 20.0 parts Crosslinking agent (divinylbenzene): 0.3 parts Saturated polyester resin: 5.0 parts (Polycondensation polymer of propylene oxide-modified bisphenol A (2-mol adduct) and terephthalic acid (molar ratio 10:12), glass transition temperature Tg = 68°C, weight average molecular weight Mw = 10,000, molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn = 5.12) Fischer-Tropsch wax (melting point 78°C): 7.0 parts The mixture was kept at 65°C and uniformly dissolved and dispersed at 500 rpm using a TK homomixer (manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.) to prepare a polymerizable monomer composition.

[0108] (granulation process) While maintaining the temperature of the aqueous medium 1 at 70°C and the rotation speed of the TK homomixer at 15,000 rpm, the polymerizable monomer composition was charged into the aqueous medium 1, and 10.0 parts of t-butyl peroxypivalate as a polymerization initiator was added. Granulation was continued for 10 minutes while maintaining the stirring speed at 15,000 rpm with the stirring device.

[0109] (Polymerization and distillation processes) After the granulation step, the agitator was replaced with a propeller agitator blade, and the mixture was stirred at 150 rpm while maintaining the temperature at 70°C for 5.0 hours to carry out polymerization. The temperature was then raised to 85°C and heated for 2.0 hours to carry out the polymerization reaction. Thereafter, the reflux piping of the reaction vessel was replaced with a cooling pipe, and the slurry was heated to 100° C. to carry out distillation for 6 hours to remove unreacted polymerizable monomers, thereby obtaining a toner base particle dispersion liquid.

[0110] (Polymerization of organosilicon compounds) 60.0 parts of ion-exchanged water was weighed into a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and the pH was adjusted to 4.0 with 10% by mass of hydrochloric acid. This was heated with stirring until the temperature reached 40°C. Then, 40.0 parts of methyltriethoxysilane, an organosilicon compound, was added and stirred for 2 hours or more to carry out hydrolysis. The end point of the hydrolysis was confirmed by visual inspection when the oil and water were no longer separated and a single layer was formed, and the mixture was cooled to obtain a hydrolyzed solution of the organosilicon compound. The temperature of the obtained toner base particle dispersion was cooled to 55°C, and then 25.0 parts of the hydrolyzed solution of the organosilicon compound was added to initiate polymerization of the organosilicon compound. After maintaining the mixture for 15 minutes, the pH was adjusted to 5.5 with a 3.0% by mass aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate. After maintaining the mixture at 55°C for 60 minutes with continued stirring, the 3.0% by mass aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate was added. The pH was adjusted to 9.5 using a solvent, and the mixture was maintained for a further 240 minutes to obtain a toner particle dispersion.

[0111] (Washing and drying process) After the polymerization process was completed, the toner particle dispersion was cooled, and hydrochloric acid was added to the toner particle dispersion to adjust the pH to 1.5 or less, and the dispersion was left to stand with stirring for 1 hour, after which solid-liquid separation was carried out using a pressure filter to obtain a toner cake. This was reslurried with ion-exchanged water to make a dispersion again, and then solid-liquid separation was carried out using the above-mentioned filter to obtain a toner cake. The obtained toner cake was dried and classified in a thermostatic chamber at 40° C. for 72 hours, and toner 1 was obtained.

[0112] <Example 2> The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that 1.32 g of RX3 (trade name TOYOCAT-RX3, manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) was used as the catalyst and RX5 was not used.

[0113] Example 3 A curing agent was prepared by mixing 43.1 g of TMP, 244.3 g of PHA1000, 0.13 g of Polycat 46, and 1.01 g of RX5. Before injecting the polyurethane elastomer composition into the mold, the mold was coated with release agent B. Release agent B was prepared by mixing 3.04 g of ELEMENT14 PDMS 1000-JC (trade name, manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials), 3.71 g of ELEMENT14 PDMS 10K-JC (trade name, manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials), 8.25 g of SR1000 (trade name, manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials), and 85 g of EXXSOL DSP145 / 160.

[0114] A blade was manufactured by the method of Manufacturing Method II. The inclination angle of the mold was set to 0°. The polyurethane elastomer composition was poured into the mold for the cleaning blade, cured at 130°C for 2 minutes, and then demolded to obtain an integrally molded body of polyurethane and a support member. The rest of the procedure was the same as in Example 1, and a cleaning blade of Example 2 was obtained. The sex was measured and evaluated.

[0115] <Examples 4 to 14, Comparative Examples 1 and 2> Except for using various material types, compounding amounts, and manufacturing methods as shown in Tables 4 to 5, the cleaning blades of Examples 4 to 14 and the cleaning blades of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 or 3. The results of measuring and evaluating the physical properties in the same manner as in Example 1 are shown in Tables 4 to 5.

[0116] Next, in the examples and comparative examples, vehicle wiper blades were manufactured and evaluated.

[0117] 〔Example 15〕 <Preparation of Raw Materials for Vehicle Wiper Blades> Performed in the same manner as in Example 1. <Manufacture of Vehicle Wiper Blades> The adjusted raw material composition for the vehicle wiper blade was injected into the molding die for the vehicle wiper blade, cured at 130 °C for 2 minutes, and then demolded to obtain polyurethane. The die used was the one coated with mold release agent A in the same manner as in Example 1 before injecting the raw material composition. The tip side of the lip portion of this polyurethane was appropriately cut to obtain a wiper blade. The distances in the thickness direction and the longitudinal direction at the tip of the lip portion were set to 0.6 mm and 450 mm, respectively. The distances in the thickness direction and the short-side direction of the neck portion were set to 0.7 mm and 0.5 mm, and the distance in the thickness direction of the shoulder portion was set to 3.0 mm. The obtained wiper blade was evaluated by the following method <000053o>Performed.

[0118] <Viscoelasticity Measurement> Performed in the same manner as in Example 1. <Calculation of M1, M2, and M3> Performed in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0119] <Evaluation of Tracking Performance> The tracking ability of a vehicle wiper blade was evaluated using a testing device for wiping performance testing as specified in JIS D5710. In this test, the vehicle wiper blade was first attached to the testing device, and silicone oil (product name: KF-96-50cs, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was applied to the entire wiping surface to simulate an oil film on the glass surface to be cleaned. The testing device was then left for 24 hours in a low-temperature, low-humidity environment (temperature 15°C, relative humidity 10%), after which cleaning was performed under the following conditions. After one reciprocal movement of the vehicle wiper blade, the remaining wiped area on the glass surface was observed from the back side of the cleaning surface, and the unevenness of gloss and the influence on visibility were visually confirmed. The results were calculated as the ratio of the area of ​​the part where the silicone oil film was removed to the area of ​​the surface wiped by the vehicle wiper blade (hereinafter referred to as the silicone oil film removal area rate (%)). The follow-up performance was evaluated based on the calculated oil film removal area rate according to the following criteria.

[0120] [Wipe-off conditions] Load applied to vehicle wiper blade: 10N / m Wiping speed of vehicle wiper blades: 50 times / min [Evaluation criteria] Rank A: Silicone oil film removal area rate is 95% or more Rank B: Silicone oil film removal area rate is 90% or more but less than 95% Rank C: Silicone oil film removal area rate is less than 85% and less than 90% Rank D: Silicone oil film removal area rate is less than 85%

[0121] <Scaredy's evaluation> The test was performed in the same manner as in the evaluation of tracking ability, except that the tester was left in a high-temperature, high-humidity environment (temperature 50°C, relative humidity 70%) and the evaluation criteria were based on the occurrence of abnormal noise by ear. By leaving the tester in a high-temperature, high-humidity environment, the contact portion of the vehicle wiper blade was softened. The contact area with the glass surface was then increased, thereby increasing the frictional force, and the temperature of the contact portion of the vehicle wiper blade was raised to 55°C due to heat generated by the frictional force. [Evaluation criteria] Rank A: No abnormal noise occurs Rank B: Almost no abnormal noise occurs Rank C: Abnormal noise occurs

[0122] [Examples 16 to 19, 22 to 23] A vehicle wiper blade was produced in the same manner as in Example 15, except that the materials for the curing agent and their blending amounts were as shown in Table 6, and then evaluated.

[0123] Example 20 A vehicle wiper blade having a blade support portion, a lip portion, and a neck portion was manufactured and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 15, except that a cavity-shaped molding die was used to form a shape having a shoulder portion.

[0124] Example 21 A vehicle wiper blade having a blade support portion and a lip portion was manufactured and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 15, except that a cavity-shaped molding die was used to form a shape having a neck portion and a shoulder portion.

[0125] Examples 24 to 30 Vehicle wiper blades were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 15, except that the types and amounts of various materials for the prepolymer and / or the types and amounts of various materials for the curing agent were as shown in Table 7.

[0126] Comparative Examples 3 and 4 Vehicle wiper blades were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 15, except that the types and amounts of various materials for the prepolymer and / or the types and amounts of various materials for the curing agent were as shown in Table 7.

[0127] The vehicle wiper blades obtained in Examples 16 to 30 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4 were subjected to measurement and evaluation of physical properties in the same manner as in Example 15. The obtained results are shown in Tables 6 and 7.

[0128] Next, in the examples, a cleaning wiper blade was manufactured and evaluated.

[0129] [Example 31] <Preparation of Raw Materials for Cleaning Wiper Blade> Performed in the same manner as in Example 1. <Manufacture of Cleaning Wiper Blade> The adjusted raw material for the cleaning wiper blade was injected into the mold for forming the elastic part of the cleaning wiper blade, cured at 130°C for 2 minutes, and then demolded to obtain a polyurethane molded body. The mold used was the one coated with mold release agent A in the same manner as in Example 1 before injecting the polyurethane elastomer composition. The tip side of the obtained polyurethane molded body was appropriately cut to prepare a tip surface, and an elastic part of the cleaning wiper blade was obtained. The distances in the thickness direction, short side direction, and long side direction of the elastic part of the cleaning wiper blade were set to 1.8 mm, 20 mm, and 300 mm, respectively. The obtained cleaning wiper blade was evaluated by the following method.

[0130] <Viscoelasticity Measurement> Performed in the same manner as in Example 1. <Calculation of M1, M2, and M3> Performed in the same manner as in Example 1.

[0131] <Evaluation of Followability> The elastic member of the cleaning wiper blade was brought into contact with the glass surface, and the followability of the cleaning wiper blade was evaluated by observing the wiping state of the dirt on the glass surface by sliding contact in the reciprocating stroke of pulling back and moving. Fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the test machine used for the evaluation.

[0132] In this test, as shown in Fig. 7, the elastic member 113 of the wiper blade was attached, and silicone oil (product name: KF-96-50cs, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was applied to the entire surface of the glass plate 114, which is the member to be cleaned, in a state simulating an oil film. Next, the test apparatus was left standing in a low-temperature and low-humidity environment (temperature 15°C, relative humidity 10%) for 24 hours, and then cleaning was performed under the following conditions.

[0133] As shown in FIG. 7, the elastic member 113 of the cleaning wiper blade is brought into contact with the glass plate 114. The glass plate 114 was then pulled by an electric Robo Cylinder (product name: RCP4-SA5C, manufactured by IAI Corporation) 115, and the followability on the glass surface was evaluated under certain conditions.

[0134] Figure 6 shows an enlarged view of the area where the elastic member of the cleaning wiper blade comes into contact with the glass surface. As shown in Figure 6, the elastic member 32 of the cleaning wiper blade was adjusted to form a 45-degree angle with respect to the glass surface 35, and brought into contact with it. The elastic member 32 of the cleaning wiper blade was attached so that it faced in directions W and C, as indicated by the arrows in Figure 6, relative to the direction of movement of the glass surface, and the tracking ability of each was evaluated.

[0135] When evaluating conformability, the force of pressing the elastic member against the glass surface per 1m of longitudinal length was adjusted to 7N / m.Conformability was evaluated by sliding the elastic member over a glass surface coated with silicone oil, observing the state of any remaining wipes on the glass surface from the back of the cleaned surface, and visually checking for uneven gloss and the effect on visibility.

[0136] The ratio of the area of ​​the portion where the silicone oil film was removed to the area of ​​the surface wiped by the cleaning wiper blade (hereinafter referred to as the silicone oil film removal area rate (%)) was calculated. The tracking performance was evaluated based on the calculated silicone oil film removal area rate according to the following criteria. The evaluation results are shown in Table 8 as the tracking performance of the cleaning wiper blade.

[0137] [Wipe-off conditions] Cleaning wiper blade length: 300mm Glass plate moving speed: 10 mm / sec [Evaluation criteria] Rank A: Oil film removal area rate is 95% or more Rank B: Oil film removal area rate is 90% or more but less than 95% Rank C: Oil film removal area rate is less than 90%

[0138] <Scaredy's evaluation> The same procedures as in the evaluation of tracking were performed to evaluate chatter, except that the tester was left in a high-temperature, high-humidity environment (temperature 50°C, relative humidity 70%) and the evaluation criterion was the occurrence of abnormal noise by ear. By leaving the tester in a high-temperature, high-humidity environment, the contact portion of the cleaning wiper blade was softened. Then, the contact area with the glass surface was increased, thereby increasing the frictional force and raising the temperature of the contact portion of the cleaning wiper blade to 55°C. [Evaluation criteria] Rank A: No abnormal noise occurs Rank B: Almost no abnormal noise occurs Rank C: Abnormal noise occurs

[0139] Examples 32 to 44 Cleaning wiper blades were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 31, except that the types and amounts of various materials for the prepolymer and / or the types and amounts of various materials for the curing agent were as shown in Tables 8 and 9.

[0140] Comparative Examples 5 and 6 Cleaning wiper blades were produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 31, except that the types and amounts of various materials for the prepolymer and / or the types and amounts of various materials for the curing agent were as shown in Table 9.

[0141] The cleaning wiper blades obtained in Examples 32 to 44 and Comparative Examples 5 and 6 were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 31. The results obtained are shown in Tables 8 and 9.

[0142] [Reference examples 1-2] A polyurethane elastomer was prepared and its physical properties were measured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the types and amounts of various materials for the prepolymer and / or the types and amounts of various materials for the curing agent were changed as shown in Table 10. The results are shown in Table 10.

[0143] [Table 4]

[0144] [Table 5]

[0145] [Table 6]

[0146] [Table 7]

[0147] [Table 8]

[0148] [Table 9]

[0149] [Table 10]

[0150] The present disclosure relates to the following configurations. (Configuration 1) A cleaning member comprising an elastic member containing polyurethane, the cleaning member cleaning the surface of a member to be cleaned by bringing at least a portion of the elastic member into contact with the surface of the member to be cleaned, When the loss coefficient tanδ of a sample taken from the elastic member so as to include the portion that comes into contact with the member to be cleaned is measured in the temperature range of -20°C to +60°C, the peak temperature of the peak showing the maximum value of tan δ is 15.0°C or less, and the maximum value of tan δ is 0.20 or more and 0.55 or less; tan δ at a temperature of 55°C is 0.13 or more, and A sample taken from the elastic member so as to include the portion that comes into contact with the member to be cleaned is heated and vaporized in an ionization chamber, and a direct sample introduction mass spectrometer is used to ionize the molecules that make up the sample. The sample is heated to 1000°C at a heating rate of 10°C / sec, and the detected amount of all ions obtained when this is measured is defined as M1, and the integrated intensity of the peak in the extracted ion thermogram corresponding to the range of m / z values ​​derived from polyfunctional isocyanates having three or more isocyanate groups is defined as M2. A cleaning member characterized in that M2 / M1 is 0.001 or more. (Configuration 2) 2. The cleaning member according to claim 1, wherein M2 / M1 is 0.001 or more and 0.035 or less. (Configuration 3) The polyurethane is An isocyanate compound including a diisocyanate and a polyfunctional isocyanate having three or more isocyanate groups, and Alcohols containing trifunctional or higher polyfunctional alcohols 3. The cleaning member according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a reactant of a composition comprising: (Configuration 4) The cleaning member according to Configuration 3, wherein the sample is heated and vaporized in an ionization chamber, and a direct sample introduction mass spectrometer is used to ionize molecules constituting the sample. When M3 is the integrated intensity of a peak in an extracted ion thermogram corresponding to a range of m / z values ​​derived from the diisocyanate obtained by heating the sample to 1,000°C at a heating rate of 10°C / sec, M3 / M1 is 0.025 to 0.130. (Configuration 5) 5. The cleaning member according to any one of configurations 1 to 4, wherein the polyfunctional isocyanate is at least one selected from the group consisting of polymeric MDI, triphenylmethane-4,4',4''-triisocyanate, and tris(phenylisocyanate)thiophosphate. (Configuration 6) 5. The cleaning member according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the diisocyanate is at least one selected from the group consisting of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, xylene diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, tetramethylxylene diisocyanate, and carbodiimide-modified diphenylmethane diisocyanate. (Configuration 7) 7. The cleaning member according to any one of Configurations 1 to 6, wherein the cleaning member is an electrophotographic cleaning blade. (Configuration 8) 8. The cleaning member according to claim 7, further comprising a support member that supports the elastic member. (Configuration 9) 7. The cleaning member according to any one of configurations 1 to 6, wherein the cleaning member is a vehicle wiper member for a windshield wiper device of a vehicle. (Configuration 10) 10. The cleaning member according to claim 9, wherein the vehicle wiper member comprises at least a vehicle wiper support portion and a lip portion that abuts against the surface of the windshield. (Configuration 11) 11. The cleaning member according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the vehicle wiper member comprises at least a vehicle wiper support portion and a lip portion that abuts against the surface of the windshield, and a shoulder portion on the vehicle wiper support portion side of the lip portion. (Configuration 12) 12. The cleaning member according to any one of configurations 9 to 11, wherein the vehicle wiper member comprises at least a vehicle wiper support portion and a lip portion pivotally connected to the vehicle wiper support portion via a neck. (Configuration 13) 7. The cleaning member according to any one of configurations 1 to 6, wherein the cleaning member is a wiping cleaning member that cleans the surface of a member to be cleaned by bringing the elastic member into contact with the surface of the member to be cleaned. (Configuration 14) 14. The cleaning member according to claim 13, wherein the cleaning member has the elastic member that contacts the surface of the member to be cleaned, and an elastic member support portion that supports the elastic member along the longitudinal direction of the elastic member. (Configuration 15) An elastic member comprising polyurethane, When the loss factor tanδ of a sample sampled from the elastic member is measured in the temperature range of -20°C to +60°C, the peak temperature of the peak showing the maximum value of tan δ is 15.0°C or less, and the maximum value of tan δ is 0.20 or more and 0.55 or less; tan δ at a temperature of 55°C is 0.13 or more, and The sample sampled from the elastic member is heated and vaporized in an ionization chamber, and a direct sample introduction mass spectrometer is used to ionize the molecules that make up the sample. The sample is heated to 1000°C at a heating rate of 10°C / sec, and the detected amount of all ions obtained when this is heated is defined as M1, and the integrated intensity of the peak in the extracted ion thermogram corresponding to the range of m / z values ​​derived from polyfunctional isocyanates having three or more isocyanate groups is defined as M2. An elastic member characterized in that M2 / M1 is 0.001 or more. (Configuration 16) The elastic member according to Configuration 15, wherein M2 / M1 is 0.001 or more and 0.035 or less. (Configuration 17) The polyurethane is An isocyanate compound including a diisocyanate and a polyfunctional isocyanate having three or more isocyanate groups, and Alcohols containing trifunctional or higher polyfunctional alcohols 17. The elastic member of claim 15 or 16, comprising a reactant of a composition comprising: (Configuration 18) The elastic member according to any one of Aspects 15 to 17, wherein the sample is heated and vaporized in an ionization chamber, and the sample is heated to 1000°C at a heating rate of 10°C / sec using a direct sample introduction mass spectrometer that ionizes the molecules that constitute the sample, and when M3 is the integrated intensity of a peak in an extracted ion thermogram corresponding to a range of m / z values ​​derived from the diisocyanate obtained when the sample is heated and vaporized in an ionization chamber and the molecules that constitute the sample are ionized, M3 / M1 is 0.025 to 0.130. [Explanation of symbols]

[0151] 1: cleaning member, 2: elastic member, 3: support member, 4: main surface, 5: tip surface that forms the tip edge together with the main surface, 6: member to be cleaned, R: rotation direction of the member to be cleaned 11: vehicle wiper support portion, 12: neck, 13: lip portion (tip portion), 15: first lip surface, 16: second lip surface, 17: tip surface, 18: first edge, 19: second edge, 50: member to be cleaned 31: Grip portion, 32: Elastic member, 33: Elastic member support portion, 34: Support grip portion, 35: Member to be cleaned, 36: Lip surface, 38: Tip surface 113: Elastic member, 114: Glass plate, 115: Electric Robo cylinder

Claims

1. A cleaning member comprising an elastic member containing polyurethane, the cleaning member cleaning the surface of a member to be cleaned by bringing at least a portion of the elastic member into contact with the surface of the member to be cleaned, When the loss factor tanδ of a sample taken from the elastic member so as to include the portion that comes into contact with the member to be cleaned is measured in a temperature range of −20°C to +60°C, the peak temperature of the peak showing the maximum value of tan δ is 15.0°C or less, and the maximum value of tan δ is 0.20 or more and 0.55 or less; tanδ at a temperature of 55°C is 0.13 or more, and A sample taken from the elastic member so as to include the portion that comes into contact with the member to be cleaned is heated and vaporized in an ionization chamber, and a direct sample introduction mass spectrometer is used to ionize the molecules that make up the sample. The sample is heated to 1000°C at a heating rate of 10°C / sec, and the detected amount of all ions obtained when this is measured is defined as M1, and the integrated intensity of the peak in the extracted ion thermogram corresponding to the range of m / z values ​​derived from polyfunctional isocyanates having three or more isocyanate groups is defined as M2. A cleaning member characterized in that M2 / M1 is 0.001 or more.

2. 2. The cleaning member according to claim 1, wherein M2 / M1 is 0.001 or more and 0.035 or less.

3. The polyurethane is An isocyanate compound including a diisocyanate and a polyfunctional isocyanate having three or more isocyanate groups, and Alcohols containing trifunctional or higher polyfunctional alcohols 10. The cleaning member of claim 1, comprising a reactant of a composition comprising:

4. The cleaning member according to claim 3, wherein the sample is heated and vaporized in an ionization chamber, and a direct sample introduction mass spectrometer is used to ionize molecules constituting the sample. When M3 is the integrated intensity of a peak in an extracted ion thermogram corresponding to a range of m / z values ​​derived from the diisocyanate obtained when the sample is heated to 1,000°C at a heating rate of 10°C / sec using the direct sample introduction mass spectrometer, M3 / M1 is 0.025 to 0.

130.

5. 4. The cleaning member according to claim 3, wherein the polyfunctional isocyanate is at least one selected from the group consisting of polymeric MDI, triphenylmethane-4,4',4''-triisocyanate, and tris(phenylisocyanate)thiophosphate.

6. 4. The cleaning member according to claim 3, wherein the diisocyanate is at least one selected from the group consisting of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, xylene diisocyanate, 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, tetramethylxylene diisocyanate, and carbodiimide-modified diphenylmethane diisocyanate.

7. 7. The cleaning member according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning member is an electrophotographic cleaning blade.

8. The cleaning member according to claim 7 , further comprising a support member for supporting the elastic member.

9. 7. The cleaning member according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning member is a vehicle wiper member for a windshield wiper device of a vehicle.

10. 10. The cleaning member according to claim 9, wherein the vehicle wiper member comprises at least a vehicle wiper support portion and a lip portion that abuts against the surface of the windshield.

11. 10. The cleaning member according to claim 9, wherein the vehicle wiper member comprises at least a vehicle wiper support portion and a lip portion that abuts against the surface of the windshield, and a shoulder portion on the vehicle wiper support portion side of the lip portion.

12. 10. The cleaning member according to claim 9, wherein the vehicle wiper member comprises at least a vehicle wiper support portion and a lip portion pivotally connected to the vehicle wiper support portion via a neck.

13. The cleaning member according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cleaning member is a wiping cleaning member that cleans the surface of a member to be cleaned by bringing the elastic member into contact with the surface of the member to be cleaned.

14. The cleaning member according to claim 13 , wherein the cleaning member has the elastic member that contacts the surface of the member to be cleaned, and an elastic member support portion that supports the elastic member in the longitudinal direction of the elastic member.

15. An elastic member comprising polyurethane, When the loss factor tanδ of a sample sampled from the elastic member is measured in the temperature range of −20° C. to +60° C., the peak temperature of the peak showing the maximum value of tan δ is 15.0°C or less, and the maximum value of tan δ is 0.20 or more and 0.55 or less; tanδ at a temperature of 55°C is 0.13 or more, and A sample sampled from the elastic member is heated and vaporized in an ionization chamber, and a direct sample introduction mass spectrometer is used to ionize the molecules constituting the sample. The sample is heated to 1000°C at a heating rate of 10°C / sec, and the detected amount of all ions obtained when the sample is heated is defined as M1, and the integrated intensity of the peak in the extracted ion thermogram corresponding to the range of m / z values ​​derived from the polyfunctional isocyanate having three or more isocyanate groups is defined as M2. An elastic member characterized in that M2 / M1 is 0.001 or more.

16. 16. The elastic member according to claim 15, wherein M2 / M1 is 0.001 or more and 0.035 or less.

17. The polyurethane is An isocyanate compound including a diisocyanate and a polyfunctional isocyanate having three or more isocyanate groups, and Alcohols containing trifunctional or higher polyfunctional alcohols 16. The elastic member of claim 15, comprising a composition comprising:

18. The elastic member according to claim 17, wherein the sample is heated and vaporized in an ionization chamber, and a direct sample introduction mass spectrometer is used to ionize molecules constituting the sample. When M3 is the integrated intensity of a peak in an extracted ion thermogram corresponding to a range of m / z values ​​derived from the diisocyanate, the obtained temperature rise rate is 10°C / sec, and M3 / M1 is 0.025 to 0.130.

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