Forest boundary setting device, forest boundary setting method, and forest boundary setting program

Abstract

The object is to provide a forest boundary setting device, a forest boundary setting method, and a forest boundary setting program that are capable of setting forest boundaries with high accuracy. [Solution] The forest boundary setting device of the present invention is characterized by having an alignment unit that performs alignment of multiple blocks in the following order: second alignment of a second block of the multiple blocks with a micro-topography representation map; third alignment of a third block of the multiple blocks with a forest type identification map; fourth alignment of a fourth block of the multiple blocks with an aerial photograph map; and sixth alignment of a sixth block of the multiple blocks with a tree height distribution map or a density distribution map; and a setting unit that sets the forest boundary based on the blocks for which alignment has been performed.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a forest boundary setting device, a forest boundary setting method, and a forest boundary setting program. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, the Forest Management System has been put into operation. Under the Forest Management System, municipalities are entrusted with the management of forests that are not being properly managed by forest owners, and forests that are suitable for forestry management are subcontracted to local forestry managers, while municipalities publicly manage forests that are not suitable for forestry management. The entrustment of management is also called the establishment of management rights. The public management of forests that are not suitable for forestry management by municipalities is also called a municipal forest management project.

[0003] The implementation of the forest management system requires the first step of accurately determining forest boundaries using official maps. However, many official maps of forest areas were created long ago and had poor parcel boundary accuracy, making them difficult to use as a basis for determining forest boundaries. Therefore, forest boundaries were traditionally determined by surveying them based on official maps. Simple equipment, such as handheld GPS and digital compasses, is used for the survey. In recent years, it has been recommended to digitally determine forest boundaries using land area survey maps, microtopographical maps created using airborne laser measurement, and aerial photographs. The reason for the recommendation to establish forest boundaries is that cadastral surveys of forests nationwide have not progressed, and parcel boundaries based on the current situation have not yet been clearly determined.

[0004] Patent Document 1 discloses a computer that acquires aerial image information of forests captured from the air and determines forest boundaries. This computer references reference aerial image information of forests captured from the air in the past and three or more levels of correlation between the forest boundaries, and determines forest boundaries by prioritizing those with higher degrees of correlation based on the reference aerial image information corresponding to the acquired aerial image information. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2022-053464 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] In the past, when forest boundaries were set using not only aerial photographs but also area survey maps and micro-topographical representation maps, the accuracy of the set forest boundaries varied because the priority of each map (each piece of data) was not properly determined. Therefore, there is a need to set forest boundaries with high accuracy.

[0007] An object of the present invention is to provide a forest boundary setting device, a forest boundary setting method, and a forest boundary setting program that are capable of setting forest boundaries with high accuracy. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The forest boundary setting device of the present invention is characterized by having an acquisition unit that acquires a public map including a plurality of blocks, a micro-topography representation map, a forest type identification map, an aerial photograph map, and a tree height distribution map or a density distribution map, an alignment unit that performs alignment of a plurality of blocks in the following order: a second alignment of a second block of the plurality of blocks with the micro-topography representation map, a third alignment of a third block of the plurality of blocks with the forest type identification map, a fourth alignment of a fourth block of the plurality of blocks with the aerial photograph map, and a sixth alignment of a sixth block of the plurality of blocks with the tree height distribution map or the density distribution map, and a setting unit that sets the forest boundary based on the blocks for which alignment has been performed.

[0009] Furthermore, in the forest boundary setting device of the present invention, it is preferable that the acquisition unit further acquires a 14-section map or a land area survey map, and the alignment unit performs a first alignment between a first block of the multiple blocks and the 14-section map or the land area survey map before the second alignment.

[0010] Furthermore, it is preferable that the forest boundary setting device of the present invention further has a judgment unit that judges at least one of whether all blocks included in the cadastral map are present in the map containing the aligned blocks, whether the adjacency relationship of the aligned blocks is the same as the adjacency relationship of the blocks included in the cadastral map, and whether the difference between the area of ​​the aligned blocks and the area of ​​the blocks included in the cadastral map is less than a threshold value.

[0011] Furthermore, in the forest boundary setting device of the present invention, it is preferable that the acquisition unit further acquires an old aerial photograph that was taken and colorized before the aerial photograph was taken, and the alignment unit performs a fifth alignment between a fifth block of the multiple blocks and the old aerial photograph between the fourth alignment and the sixth alignment.

[0012] Furthermore, it is preferable that the forest boundary setting device of the present invention further has a division unit that extracts shared blocks shared by multiple owners from multiple blocks and divides the aligned shared blocks based on the area assigned to each owner in the shared block.

[0013] Furthermore, it is preferable that the forest boundary setting device of the present invention further has a display control unit that displays blocks whose positions have been changed in each of the second alignment, third alignment, fourth alignment, and sixth alignment, as well as blocks whose positions have not been changed, in different manners.

[0014] The forest boundary setting method of the present invention is characterized in that it acquires a public map including a plurality of blocks, a micro-topography representation map, a forest type identification map, an aerial photograph, and a tree height distribution map or a density distribution map, and performs alignment of the plurality of blocks in the following order: a second alignment of a second block of the plurality of blocks with the micro-topography representation map, a third alignment of a third block of the plurality of blocks with the forest type identification map, a fourth alignment of a fourth block of the plurality of blocks with the aerial photograph, and a sixth alignment of a sixth block of the plurality of blocks with the tree height distribution map or the density distribution map, and sets the forest boundary based on the blocks for which alignment has been performed.

[0015] The forest boundary setting program of the present invention is characterized in that it causes a processor to acquire a public map including a plurality of blocks, a micro-topography representation map, a forest type identification map, an aerial photograph, and a tree height distribution map or a density distribution map, and to perform alignment of the plurality of blocks in the following order: a second alignment of a second block of the plurality of blocks with the micro-topography representation map, a third alignment of a third block of the plurality of blocks with the forest type identification map, a fourth alignment of a fourth block of the plurality of blocks with the aerial photograph, and a sixth alignment of a sixth block of the plurality of blocks with the tree height distribution map or the density distribution map, and to set a forest boundary based on the blocks for which alignment has been performed. [Effects of the Invention]

[0016] According to the present invention, the forest boundary setting device, forest boundary setting method, and forest boundary setting program make it possible to set forest boundaries with high accuracy. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0017] [Figure 1] 1 is a functional block diagram of a forest boundary setting device 1 according to a first embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the flow of forest boundary setting processing. [Figure 3] This figure shows an example of the arrangement of multiple blocks included in a cadastral map and a 14th article map or land area survey map on a digital map displayed on the display unit. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the flow of a registration process. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of alignment of the first block with the Article 14 map and / or land area survey map on a digital map displayed on the display unit. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a digital map on which a plurality of blocks and a micro-topography representation are arranged, as displayed on a display unit. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of alignment of a second block and a microtopographic representation map on a digital map displayed on the display unit. [Figure 8] 10A is a diagram showing an example of a forest boundary that has been aligned by alignment processing and is displayed on a display unit, and FIG. 10B is a legend showing the display mode of the forest boundary. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the flow of a fifth alignment process (old aerial photograph map alignment process). [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the flow of a division line addition process. [Figure 11] 10A and 10B are diagrams showing examples of inputs displayed on the display unit in division line addition processing. [Figure 12] 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating examples of division lines displayed on a display unit in division line addition processing. [Figure 13] FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing the flow of a determination process. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. However, it should be noted that the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, but extends to the inventions set forth in the claims and their equivalents.

[0019] (Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a forest boundary setting device 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The forest boundary setting device 1 sets forest boundaries on a digital map. A digital map is a digitized map. A forest boundary is a boundary line of ownership of a forest. A forest refers to land on which trees and bamboo grow collectively and the standing bamboo on that land. A forest also includes land used for the collectively growing trees and bamboo.

[0020] The forest boundary setting device 1 is an information processing terminal such as a PC (Personal Computer), a mobile phone, a smartphone, a tablet terminal, a game console, etc. The forest boundary setting device 1 may be configured to include an external server. The forest boundary setting device 1 has a communication unit 11, a memory unit 12, an operation unit 13, a display unit 14, a processing unit 15, etc. Each of these components is connected via a bus B.

[0021] The communication unit 11 is configured to enable the forest boundary setting device 1 to communicate with other devices, and includes a communication interface circuit. The communication interface circuit included in the communication unit 11 is a communication interface circuit for a wired LAN (Local Area Network) or a wireless LAN. The communication unit 11 receives data from other devices and supplies the data to the processing unit 15, and also transmits data supplied from the processing unit 15 to other devices.

[0022] The storage unit 12 is configured to store programs and data, and includes, for example, a semiconductor memory. The storage unit 12 stores, as programs, an operating system program, a driver program, an application program, and the like used in processing by the processing unit 15. The programs are installed into the storage unit 12 from a processor-readable, non-transitory, portable storage medium such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read Only Memory) or a DVD-ROM (Digital Versatile Disc Read Only Memory). The programs may also be installed into the storage unit 12 from an external server via the communication unit 11.

[0023] The operation unit 13 is configured to accept user operations on the forest boundary setting device 1, and includes, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, and a keypad. The operation unit 13 may include a touch panel with a screen such as a liquid crystal display or an organic EL (Electro Luminescence) display, an output interface circuit that outputs image data to the display, and an input interface circuit that acquires signals from the touch panel. In other words, the operation unit 13 may also function as a display unit. The operation unit 13 generates signals in response to user operations and supplies them to the processing unit 15.

[0024] The display unit 14 is configured to display an image, and includes a display such as a liquid crystal display or an organic EL display. The display unit 14 generates and displays an image based on a signal supplied from the processing unit 15.

[0025] The processing unit 15 is configured to comprehensively control the operation of the forest boundary setting device 1, and includes one or more processors and their peripheral circuits. The processing unit 15 includes, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit). The processing unit 15 may also include a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), an LSI (Large Scale Integration), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), etc. The processing unit 15 controls the operation of each component and executes various processes so that the various processes of the forest boundary setting device 1 are executed in an appropriate order based on the programs stored in the memory unit 12.

[0026] The processing unit 15 has, as functional blocks, an acquisition unit 151, an arrangement unit 152, an alignment unit 153, a division unit 154, a setting unit 155, a determination unit 156, and a display control unit 157. Each of these units is a functional module realized by the processing unit 15 executing a program. Each of these units may be implemented in the forest boundary setting device 1 as firmware.

[0027] 2 is a flow diagram showing the flow of the forest boundary setting process executed by the forest boundary setting device 1. The operation flow described below is realized by the processing unit 15 working in cooperation with other components of the forest boundary setting device 1 based on a program stored in advance in the storage unit 12.

[0028] First, the acquisition unit 151 acquires a cadastral map, a section 14 map and / or a land area survey map, a microtopographic representation map, a forest type identification map, an aerial photograph map, a previous aerial photograph from which the previous aerial photograph map is generated, and a tree height distribution map and / or a density distribution map (step S101). A cadastral map is a map showing the lines established to divide the land area when the land was registered. It includes information such as parcel boundaries and land numbers. A cadastral map is a map that determines the boundaries of land and is managed by the Legal Affairs Bureau. A cadastral map is also called a previous cadastral map, a zoning map, or a map-equivalent map. In areas where a cadastral survey has already been conducted, there is no cadastral map (so-called previous cadastral map), but a section 14 map. A cadastral map is digitized in advance. The cadastral map is formatted, for example, in XML, and the placement of parcels shown on the cadastral map is generally accurate. However, the accuracy of the parcel locations shown on the cadastral map is low. The layout of parcels shown on cadastral maps cannot be changed without the owner's consent. Because cadastral maps were created at a time when surveying technology was relatively low, the accuracy of the parcel boundaries shown on cadastral maps (hereinafter referred to as "first parcel boundaries") is lower than the accuracy of the parcel boundaries shown on Article 14 maps and land area survey maps (hereinafter referred to as "second parcel boundaries"). A parcel boundary indicates the boundary between a parcel of land and other adjacent parcels. A parcel boundary is a land boundary under public law. A cadastral map contains multiple blocks. Each block is a parcel placed on a digital map based on the first parcel boundary. Each block has geometry information indicating its shape and location (geographic coordinates) and its parcel number. Block shapes include points, lines, and surfaces (polygons). A block's location is a geographic location. Some blocks may not have a location set.

[0029] Article 14 maps are created pursuant to Article 14, Paragraph 1 of the Real Estate Registration Act and are kept at registry offices. Article 14 maps are maps that cover only areas where cadastral surveys have been conducted. In areas where area surveys have not been conducted, official maps are kept at registry offices as substitutes for Article 14 maps. Article 14 maps clarify the plots and parcel numbers of each parcel. By using national control points and other information on Article 14 maps, it is possible to reconstruct land boundaries within a certain margin of error. Article 14 maps include information such as parcel boundaries, parcel numbers, land use categories, and land area (area), as well as geographic coordinates. Geographic coordinates are three-dimensional coordinates in the latitude and longitude coordinate system. Article 14 maps are also called statutory maps or cadastral maps. Article 14 maps are pre-digitized. Article 14 maps are available in, for example, XML format. A land area survey map is a map created by measuring the coordinates of parcel boundaries (posts) when applying for registration of land subdivision or consolidation. A land area survey map is digitized in advance using a character recognition device, such as OCR (Optical Character Recognition). A land area survey map includes information such as parcel boundaries, parcel numbers, parcel classifications, and parcel area, as well as geographic coordinates. A land area survey map is used only outside the scope of Article 14 maps, where no cadastral survey has been conducted. Within the scope of Article 14 maps, the information on the land area survey map is already reflected in the Article 14 maps. The geographic coordinates on Article 14 maps and land area survey maps accurately indicate geographic locations. Article 14 maps and land area survey maps are examples of Legal Affairs Bureau maps. Legal Affairs Bureau maps are legally valid maps with geographic coordinates assigned. In other words, parcel boundaries (secondary parcel boundaries) within the scope of Article 14 maps and those covered by land area survey maps are used as forest boundaries.

[0030] Microtopographic representation maps are images that are enhanced to make the terrain relief easier to read, based on DEM (Digital Elevation Model) and other data obtained by airborne laser measurement, and are suitable for identifying ridges, valleys, and the like. DEM is a model that digitally displays three-dimensional coordinates using planar positions and elevation values ​​measured as point cloud data using various measurement methods, such as airborne laser measurement, as elevation values ​​at regular horizontal distance intervals (meshes). Known examples of microtopographic representation maps include CS (Curvature / Slope) 3D maps, red 3D maps, and the topographic map described in JP 2021-149059 A. CS 3D maps are topographic representation maps created by coloring the elevation values, slope and curvature of the terrain in different colors, overlaying them, and applying transparency processing. The micro-topography representation map uses elevation values, gradients and curvatures of the terrain to display convex terrain such as ridges in red, concave terrain such as valleys in blue, gentle slopes in light colors, and steep slopes in dark colors. The micro-topography representation map includes geographic coordinates.

[0031] A forest type identification map is a map that combines four feature values ​​obtained by airborne laser measurement: tree height value, reflectance intensity, transmittance, and roughness, and displays different forest types using different colors. Forest type indicates the appearance and form of the forest, and includes tree height or tree species. Tree height indicates the height of the trees. Tree species indicates the type of tree. Forest type identification maps display different tree heights or tree species using different colors. Forest type identification maps are also called laser forest type maps. Forest type identification maps are generated, for example, based on point cloud data similar to the point cloud data used to generate microtopography representation maps. Forest type identification maps include geographical coordinates.

[0032] An aerial photograph is a map that has been orthoimaged from an aerial photograph. An aerial photograph is a photograph of the ground taken from an aircraft in flight. Aerial photographs are generated, for example, by taking photographs simultaneously during airborne laser scanning. An orthoimage is an image that has been transformed (orthotransformed) to eliminate positional misalignment of the image on the aerial photograph and display it in a straight size and position, as if viewed from directly above, just like a map. A DEM obtained from airborne laser scanning is used for orthotransformation. When aerial photographs are orthoimaged, geographic coordinates are added based on the point cloud data from the airborne laser scanning. In other words, aerial photographs include geographic coordinates. Aerial photographs show topographical features in unforested areas such as roads, farmland, and residential areas.

[0033] Old aerial photographs are photographs taken with film cameras before the advent of digital cameras. Old aerial photographs are, for example, black-and-white photographs of the ground taken from an aircraft in flight approximately 40 to 50 years before the aerial photograph. Old aerial photographs show topographical features before afforestation or shortly after afforestation. Old aerial photograph maps are generated by ortho-imaging old aerial photographs. Old aerial photograph maps will be discussed later.

[0034] A tree height distribution map is a map that allows for the identification of differences in tree heights by using the difference between a digital surface model (DSM) and a digital terrain model (DTM) obtained by airborne laser measurement. The DSM is a model that digitally represents the elevation of the surface of the terrain, including buildings, trees, and other features on the terrain, as three-dimensional coordinates. The DTM is a model that digitally represents the elevation of the ground surface, excluding buildings, trees, and other features on the terrain, as three-dimensional coordinates. Tree height distribution maps are color-coded according to tree height. Tree height distribution maps exclude features other than the tree crown (the upper part of the tree, including branches and leaves) in the DSM. Tree height distribution maps also exclude data with a difference of 3 m or less between the DSM and DTM. Tree height distribution maps are generated, for example, based on point cloud data similar to the point cloud data used to generate microtopography maps. Tree height distribution maps include geographic coordinates.

[0035] A density map is a map showing the density of trees. The density map is generated based on point cloud data similar to the point cloud data used to generate the microtopographical map. The density map includes geographic coordinates.

[0036] The official map, Article 14 map, land area survey map, microtopographic representation map, forest type identification map, aerial photograph map, old aerial photograph, tree height distribution map, and density distribution map are stored in advance in the memory unit 12. The acquisition unit 151 acquires these maps (data) stored in the memory unit 12. The acquisition unit 151 may acquire these maps from an external server via the communication unit 11. If the Article 14 map, land area survey map, and old aerial photograph do not exist, the acquisition unit 151 does not need to acquire these data.

[0037] Next, the placement unit 152 places the Article 14 map and / or the cadastral survey map and the cadastral map on the digital map (step S102). The placement unit 152 places the Article 14 map and / or the cadastral survey map on the digital map for which coordinates are specified. The placement unit 152 places the Article 14 map and / or the cadastral survey map on the digital map so that each geographical coordinate on the Article 14 map and / or the cadastral survey map matches the geographical coordinate on the digital map. The digital map is pre-stored in the storage unit 12. The digital map is, for example, a Geospatial Information Authority map provided by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan. The digital map may be acquired each time from an external server via the communication unit 11. The placement unit 152 stores the geographical coordinates of the Article 14 map and / or the cadastral survey map in the storage unit 12. As a result, the parcel boundaries (second parcel boundaries) based on the Article 14 map and the cadastral survey map, which are considered to have legal effect, are set as highly accurate forest boundaries. In addition, if there are no Article 14 maps or land area survey maps corresponding to the area to be allocated, the allocation of Article 14 maps and land area survey maps will be omitted.

[0038] The placement unit 152 provisionally places multiple blocks included in the cadastral map on the digital map. The placement unit 152 places blocks with set geographical coordinates on the digital map, among the multiple blocks included in the cadastral map, so that the geographical coordinates match those on the Article 14 map or the land area survey map. For example, the placement unit 152 places blocks with set geographical coordinates on the digital map so that the center of gravity of the blocks indicating the geographical coordinates matches those on the Article 14 map or the land area survey map. The placement unit 152 places blocks with no set geographical coordinates on the digital map so that the positional relationship between the blocks with no set geographical coordinates and the blocks with set geographical coordinates already placed on the digital map matches their positional relationship on the cadastral map. If there is no Article 14 map or land area survey map corresponding to the range to be placed, the placement unit 152 places the blocks included in the cadastral map on the digital map in accordance with an operation signal. The operation signal is a signal corresponding to a user operation received by the operation unit 13. The user moves and / or rotates the blocks to place them according to the current conditions shown on the digital map (for example, rivers, fields, hills, city block shapes, large structures, etc.). The placement unit 152 places the blocks on the digital map according to operation signals that instruct these placements.

[0039] Figure 3 is a diagram showing an example of a digital map on which a 14th-section map or a cadastral survey map is placed and block B included in the cadastral map is provisionally placed, as displayed on the display unit 14. In the example shown in Figure 3, multiple blocks B have not yet been placed in appropriate positions.

[0040] Returning to FIG. 2 , the processing unit 15 then executes the alignment process (step S103). The alignment process is a process of executing alignment of multiple blocks B in the order of first alignment, second alignment, third alignment, fourth alignment, fifth alignment, and sixth alignment. The first alignment is the alignment of a first block of multiple blocks B included in the official map with the Article 14 map and / or the land area survey map. The second alignment is the alignment of a second block of multiple blocks B with the microtopographic representation map. The second block is a block other than the first block. The third alignment is the alignment of a third block of multiple blocks B with the forest type identification map. The third block is a block other than the first and second blocks. The fourth alignment is the alignment of a fourth block of multiple blocks B with the aerial photograph map. The fourth block is a block other than the first, second, and third blocks. The fifth alignment is the alignment of a fifth block of multiple blocks B with the old aerial photograph map. The fifth block is a block other than the first, second, third, and fourth blocks. The sixth alignment is the alignment of the sixth block of the plurality of blocks B with the tree height distribution map and / or the density distribution map. The sixth block is a block other than the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth blocks. The alignment is the accurate placement of the first to sixth blocks of the plurality of blocks B on the digital map. The alignment is the adjustment of the first boundary Bo1 to match the second boundary Bo2 or the line shown on the map used in the second alignment to the sixth alignment. The alignment process will be described later. The first alignment and / or the fifth alignment may be omitted. When the processing unit 15 performs the fifth alignment, the fifth alignment is performed taking into account the positional deviation of the old aerial photograph.

[0041] Next, the processing unit 15 executes a division line addition process (step S104). The division line addition process is a process of extracting shared blocks shared by multiple owners from the aligned block B, and dividing the extracted shared blocks based on the area allocated to each owner. The shared blocks are blocks B that correspond to shared land on the digital map. Shared land is land shared by multiple owners, such as common forest land or old customary forest land. The division line addition process will be described later.

[0042] Next, the processing unit 15 executes a determination process (step S105). The determination process is a process for determining whether or not each block B included in the cadastral map has been appropriately placed on the digital map. The determination process will be described later.

[0043] This completes the forest boundary setting process.

[0044] FIG. 4 is a flow diagram showing the flow of the alignment process.

[0045] First, the alignment unit 153 performs a first alignment (step S201). The alignment unit 153 adjusts the position, orientation, and / or first parcel boundary Bo1 of a block B included in the cadastral map that has been temporarily placed on the digital map in accordance with an operation signal. For example, the user extracts blocks B included in the cadastral map whose first parcel boundary Bo1 matches the second parcel boundary Bo2 (first line) of the Article 14 map and / or the cadastral survey map placed on the digital map. The user adjusts the position, orientation, and / or first parcel boundary Bo1 of each block B so that the first parcel boundary Bo1 matches the second parcel boundary Bo2. The user adjusts the position, orientation, and / or first parcel boundary Bo1 of each block B so that the first parcel boundary Bo1 matches the second parcel boundary Bo2 without changing the second parcel boundary Bo2. The alignment unit 153 adjusts the position, orientation, and / or first parcel boundary Bo1 of the block B included in the cadastral map in accordance with an operation signal instructing these adjustments. Block B, for which the first alignment is performed in this manner, is an example of a first block.

[0046] As described above, the alignment unit 153 aligns the first block among the plurality of blocks B with the Article 14 map and / or the area survey map. Note that if there is no Article 14 map or area survey map corresponding to the range to be aligned, the first alignment is omitted.

[0047] The alignment unit 153 may adjust the position and / or orientation of a block B included in the cadastral map whose first boundary Bo1 matches the first boundary Bo1 of a block B (first block) for which the first alignment has been performed, in accordance with the operation signal. Hereinafter, a block B whose first boundary Bo1 matches the first boundary Bo1 of a block B for which one of the alignments has been performed is referred to as a "peripheral block." The user extracts the peripheral blocks from the blocks B included in the cadastral map. The user adjusts the position and / or orientation of the peripheral blocks so that the first boundary Bo1 of the peripheral blocks matches the first boundary Bo1 of the first block. The alignment unit 153 adjusts the position and / or orientation of the peripheral blocks in accordance with the operation signal instructing these adjustments.

[0048] Additionally, in each of the second to sixth alignments described below, the surrounding blocks may be adjusted. That is, in each of the second to sixth alignments, the user extracts, from among the blocks B included in the cadastral map, a surrounding block that has not been subjected to any alignment up to the time of that process. In each of the second to sixth alignments, the user adjusts the position and / or orientation of the surrounding block so that the first boundary Bo1 of the surrounding block coincides with the first boundary Bo1 of the second to sixth blocks. The alignment unit 153 adjusts the position and / or orientation of the surrounding block according to an operation signal instructing these adjustments.

[0049] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a digital map displayed on the display unit 14 after first alignment of the first block B1 with the Article 14 map and / or cadastral survey map has been performed. The example shown in FIG. 5 also shows the adjusted surrounding block Br. As shown in FIG. 5, the first block B1 after the first alignment has been performed is positioned so that its first boundary Bo1 aligns with the second boundary Bo2 (first line). The surrounding block Br is positioned so that its first boundary Bo1 aligns with the first boundary Bo1 of the first block B1. The alignment unit 153 stores the aligned first block B1 in the memory unit 12.

[0050] The alignment unit 153 may store the adjusted peripheral block Br in the storage unit 12. Furthermore, similar storage may be performed in each of the second to sixth alignments described below. That is, the alignment unit 153 may store the adjusted peripheral block Br in the storage unit 12 in each of the second to sixth alignments.

[0051] Returning to Fig. 4, next, the positioning unit 153 performs a second positioning (step S202). The positioning unit 153 places the micro-topography representation on the digital map. The positioning unit 153 places the micro-topography representation on the digital map so that the geographical coordinates of the micro-topography representation match the geographical coordinates on the digital map.

[0052] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a digital map on which a microtopographic representation is arranged, displayed on the display unit 14. In response to an operation signal, the positioning unit 153 adjusts the position, orientation, and / or first boundary Bo1 of a block B included in a cadastral map for which the first positioning has not been performed. For example, the user extracts a block B from among the blocks B for which the first positioning has not been performed, whose first boundary Bo1 matches a second line L2 that follows a convex topography such as a ridge or a concave topography such as a valley in the microtopographic representation arranged on the digital map. The extracted block B may include a neighboring block Br. The user adjusts the position, orientation, and / or first boundary Bo1 of the extracted block B so that the first boundary Bo1 and the second line L2 overlap as much as possible. The user adjusts the position, orientation, and / or first boundary Bo1 of each block B so that the first boundary Bo1 matches the second line L2 as much as possible without changing the second line L2. The alignment unit 153 adjusts the position, orientation, and / or first boundary Bo1 of the block B included in the cadastral map in accordance with the operation signal instructing these adjustments. The block B for which the second alignment is performed in this manner is an example of the second block.

[0053] As described above, the positioning unit 153 performs positioning between the second block of the plurality of blocks B and the microtopography representation map.

[0054] 7 is a diagram showing an example of a digital map displayed on the display unit 14 after the second alignment of the second block B2 with the microtopography representation map has been performed. As shown in FIG. 7, the second block B2 after the second alignment has been performed is positioned so that the first boundary Bo1 aligns with the second line L2. The alignment unit 153 stores the aligned second block B2 in the memory unit 12.

[0055] The microtopography representation map clearly shows the terrain beneath the trees in the forest, the terrain where shrubs and grasses are widely distributed, as well as dams and waterways that are difficult to read in aerial photographs (described later), and contains a wealth of information indicating the basis for forest boundaries. The alignment unit 153 performs a second alignment after the first alignment. This enables the forest boundary setting device 1 to set forest boundaries with high accuracy while maintaining the legally valid Article 14 map and land area survey map (second boundary Bo2).

[0056] Returning to Fig. 4, next, the alignment unit 153 performs third alignment (step S203). The alignment unit 153 locates the forest type identification map on the digital map. The alignment unit 153 locates the forest type identification map on the digital map so that the geographical coordinates of the forest type identification map match the geographical coordinates on the digital map.

[0057] The positioning unit 153 places, on the digital map, blocks B included in the cadastral map for which the first and second positioning have not been performed in accordance with the operation signal. For example, the user extracts blocks B, among the blocks B for which the first and second positioning have not been performed, whose first parcel boundary Bo1 matches a third line corresponding to the boundary of tree height or tree species distribution in the forest type identification map placed on the digital map. The extracted blocks B may include surrounding blocks Br. The user adjusts the position, orientation, and / or first parcel boundary Bo1 of the extracted blocks B so that the first parcel boundary Bo1 and the third line overlap as much as possible. The user adjusts the position, orientation, and / or first parcel boundary Bo1 of each block B so that the first parcel boundary Bo1 matches the third line as much as possible without changing the third line. The positioning unit 153 adjusts the position, orientation, and / or first parcel boundary Bo1 of the blocks B included in the cadastral map in accordance with the operation signal instructing these adjustments. The blocks B for which the third positioning is performed in this manner are an example of third blocks.

[0058] As described above, the alignment unit 153 aligns the third block of the plurality of blocks B with the forest type identification map. The alignment unit 153 stores the aligned third block in the storage unit 12.

[0059] The forest type identification map can be used to clarify forest boundaries when the forest boundary is not a topographical feature such as a valley ridge, when the forest boundary is in shadow on an aerial photograph, when determining differences in afforestation dates based on tree height, when rows of trees exist, etc. The forest type identification map makes differences in forest types clear and reduces the influence of shadows from forests, etc. The alignment unit 153 performs a third alignment after the second alignment. This enables the forest boundary setting device 1 to clarify forest boundaries that are unclear on microtopographical representation maps, etc., and to set forest boundaries with higher accuracy.

[0060] Next, the positioning unit 153 performs a fourth positioning (step S204). The positioning unit 153 positions the aerial photograph map on the digital map. The positioning unit 153 positions the aerial photograph map on the digital map so that the geographical coordinates of the aerial photograph map match the geographical coordinates on the digital map.

[0061] The positioning unit 153 places, on the digital map, blocks B included in the cadastral map for which the first to third positioning have not been performed in accordance with the operation signal. For example, from among the blocks B for which the first to third positioning have not been performed, the user extracts blocks B whose first parcel boundary Bo1 matches a fourth line corresponding to a forest age boundary, etc., on the aerial photograph map placed on the digital map. Forest age refers to the age of the forest. The extracted blocks B may include surrounding blocks Br. The user adjusts the position, orientation, and / or first parcel boundary Bo1 of the extracted blocks B so that the first parcel boundary Bo1 and the fourth line overlap as much as possible. The user adjusts the position, orientation, and / or first parcel boundary Bo1 of each block B so that the first parcel boundary Bo1 matches the fourth line as much as possible without changing the fourth line. The positioning unit 153 adjusts the position, orientation, and / or first parcel boundary Bo1 of the blocks B included in the cadastral map in accordance with the operation signal instructing these adjustments. Block B, for which the fourth alignment is performed in this manner, is an example of a fourth block.

[0062] As described above, the alignment unit 153 aligns the fourth block of the plurality of blocks B with the aerial photograph. The alignment unit 153 stores the aligned fourth block in the storage unit 12.

[0063] The aerial photograph is used as a reference when, for example, identifying the location of a forest. After the third alignment, the alignment unit 153 performs the fourth alignment. This enables the forest boundary setting device 1 to set a forest boundary with higher accuracy by referring to the actual state of the forest.

[0064] Next, the alignment unit 153 executes a fifth alignment process (step S205). The fifth alignment process is a process of orthoimageizing and colorizing the old aerial photograph, and aligning a fifth block among the multiple blocks B with the old aerial photograph. The fifth alignment process will be described later.

[0065] Next, the positioning unit 153 performs a sixth positioning (step S206). The positioning unit 153 positions the tree height distribution map and / or the density distribution map on the digital map. The positioning unit 153 positions the tree height distribution map and / or the density distribution map on the digital map so that the geographical coordinates of the tree height distribution map and / or the density distribution map match the geographical coordinates on the digital map.

[0066] The positioning unit 153 places, on the digital map, blocks B included in the cadastral map for which the first to fifth positioning steps have not been performed in accordance with the operation signal. For example, the user extracts, from among the blocks B for which the first to fifth positioning steps have not been performed, blocks B whose first parcel boundary Bo1 matches a sixth line corresponding to differences in tree height in a tree height distribution map or differences in tree density in a density distribution map placed on the digital map. The extracted blocks B may include surrounding blocks Br. The user adjusts the position, orientation, and / or first parcel boundary Bo1 of the extracted blocks B so that the first parcel boundary Bo1 and the sixth line overlap as much as possible. The user adjusts the position, orientation, and / or first parcel boundary Bo1 of each block B so that the first parcel boundary Bo1 matches the sixth line as much as possible without changing the sixth line. The positioning unit 153 adjusts the position, orientation, and / or first parcel boundary Bo1 of the blocks B included in the cadastral map in accordance with the operation signal instructing these adjustments. Block B, for which the sixth alignment is performed in this manner, is an example of a sixth block.

[0067] As described above, the alignment unit 153 aligns the sixth block among the plurality of blocks B with the tree height distribution map and / or the density distribution map. The alignment unit 153 stores the aligned sixth block in the storage unit 12.

[0068] When setting a forest boundary, differences in tree planting dates can be used as a basis for setting the forest boundary. Differences in tree planting dates can be estimated from differences in tree height. For example, when the forest boundary is not a topographical feature such as a valley ridge, a tree height distribution map can be used to properly estimate the forest edge (the forest's periphery, where the forest borders bare land and grassland, etc.). Furthermore, a tree height distribution map can also be used to estimate the boundaries of ridges (long, linear mounds of soil for growing crops in fields). In other words, a tree height distribution map provides many grounds for setting the forest boundary. On the other hand, when the tree density differs due to thinning, which is a process of cutting down some trees as the forest grows to adjust the density within an overcrowded forest, a density distribution map can be used to properly estimate the forest boundary. The alignment unit 153 performs the sixth alignment after the fifth alignment. This enables the forest boundary setting device 1 to set forest boundaries with higher accuracy based on differences in planting times, tree density, etc., even if the forest boundary is not a terrain such as a valley ridge.

[0069] Next, the setting unit 155 sets a forest boundary based on the first to sixth blocks for which alignment has been performed (step S207). The setting unit 155 identifies the edges of each block on the digital map according to the geometry information of each block and the position and / or orientation of each block stored in the storage unit 12, and sets the edges of adjacent blocks that abut each other as the forest boundary.

[0070] Next, the display control unit 157 displays the set forest boundary on the digital map (step S208). The display control unit 157 displays the first to sixth blocks whose positions have been changed in the first to sixth alignments and the blocks whose positions have not been changed in different modes on the display unit 14.

[0071] FIG. 8(a) is a diagram showing an example of a forest boundary FB aligned by the alignment process, displayed on the display unit 14, and FIG. 8(b) is a legend showing the display mode of the forest boundary FB. In FIG. 8(a), the edge of the first block is displayed in a display mode corresponding to the Article 14 map and / or the land area survey map. The edge of the second block is displayed in a display mode corresponding to the microtopographic representation map. The edge of the third block is displayed in a display mode corresponding to the forest type identification map. The edge of the fourth block is displayed in a display mode corresponding to the aerial photograph map. The edge of the fifth block is displayed in a display mode corresponding to the old aerial photograph map. The edge of the sixth block is displayed in a display mode corresponding to the tree height distribution map and / or the density distribution map. The edge of a block whose position has not been changed is displayed in a display mode corresponding to the official map. The abutting edges of adjacent blocks may be displayed in the display mode of the edge of the block whose position was determined first. The abutting edges of adjacent blocks may be displayed in the display mode of the edge of the block whose position was determined later. The display control unit 157 displays the forest boundary FB in different ways, for example, by displaying the line as a solid line or a dotted line, as shown in FIG. 8. The display control unit 157 may also display the forest boundary FB in different ways by displaying the line in different colors. By displaying the forest boundary FB in such a display manner, the display control unit 157 makes it possible to clarify the basis for setting the forest boundary FB. In other words, the display by the display control unit 157 leads to standardizing the setting quality of the forest boundary FB and gaining a sense of satisfaction from the forest owner (ensuring the credibility of the set boundary line).

[0072] This completes the alignment process.

[0073] The display control unit 157 may display the first block for which the first alignment was performed using the Article 14 map and the first block for which the first alignment was performed using the land area survey map in different ways. The display control unit 157 may also display the sixth block for which the sixth alignment was performed using the tree height distribution unit and the sixth block for which the sixth alignment was performed using the density distribution map in different ways. The display control unit 157 may also display a forest boundary FB set using data other than the map (data) used in S201 to S206. For example, in the example shown in FIG. 8, the display control unit 157 displays the forest boundary FB indicated by a dividing line (described later). If the first alignment and / or the fifth alignment is omitted, the display of the end of the first block and / or the end of the fifth block is omitted.

[0074] FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the flow of the fifth alignment process.

[0075] First, the positioning unit 153 cuts out a photographic image showing a map from each of a plurality of old aerial photographs taken at different angles of the same location (step S301). Because old aerial photographs are image data obtained by scanning negative film, there may be a frame (e.g., a black frame) formed around the photograph. The positioning unit 153 cuts out the portion of the old aerial photograph excluding the frame as the photographic image. If the periphery of the photograph has a specific color (white or black), the positioning unit 153 determines that a frame has been formed around the photograph. If no frame has been formed in the old aerial photograph, the positioning unit 153 omits this process (S301).

[0076] Next, the registration unit 153 generates an orthoimage from the multiple photographic images by correcting misalignment within the photographic images (step S302). The registration unit 153 generates the orthoimage by performing SfM (structure from motion) processing, SfM / MVS (multi-view stereo) processing, etc. on the multiple photographic images. SfM processing is a process in which the shooting positions of multiple images are estimated from multiple images taken by a camera, and a 3D model of the entire object is generated from the parallax of each image relative to the same point. SfM processing is also called 3D shape reconstruction processing from multi-view images. SfM software such as Pix4Dmapper is used for SfM processing.

[0077] First, the positioning unit 153 sets three or more control points specified by the user using the operation unit 13, along with the planar position and elevation of each control point, for each photographic image. The control points are set at locations that are estimated to have not changed over time, such as roads (intersections), schools (swimming pools or grounds), and shrine roofs. Forests have relatively few features that can be used as control points. By setting locations that are estimated to have not changed over time as control points, the forest boundary setting device 1 enables highly accurate setting of the geographic coordinates of old aerial photographs. Next, the positioning unit 153 uses aerial triangulation technology to calculate the height of the surface layer at each location in each photographic image from the planar position and elevation of each control point in each photographic image, generating three-dimensional point cloud data. Next, the positioning unit 153 performs orthogonal transformation of each photographic image according to the generated three-dimensional point cloud data, generating an orthoimage. A DSM may be generated from the three-dimensional point cloud data, and orthogonal transformation may be performed based on the DSM.

[0078] Next, the alignment unit 153 generates a color image by colorizing the orthophotograph (step S303). The memory unit 12 pre-stores a learning model that has been pre-trained to output a color image obtained by colorizing a black-and-white photograph when the input black-and-white photograph is received. The learning model is pre-trained using a set of numerous training black-and-white photographs and numerous training color photographs obtained by colorizing each black-and-white photograph, for example, through deep learning. The alignment unit 153 inputs the orthophotograph into the learning model and acquires the image output from the learning model as a color image obtained by colorizing the orthophotograph. By colorizing the old aerial photograph, the alignment unit 153 makes it easier to distinguish vegetation boundaries and facilitates comparison with the aerial photograph used in S204 of FIG. 4. Vegetation boundaries are boundaries where plants grow differently. Note that the processing of S303 may be omitted.

[0079] Next, the alignment unit 153 performs a fifth alignment (step S304). The alignment unit 153 locates the orthoimaged and color imaged old aerial photograph on the digital map. The alignment unit 153 locates the orthoimaged and color imaged old aerial photograph on the digital map so that the geographical coordinates of the orthoimaged and color imaged old aerial photograph match the geographical coordinates on the digital map.

[0080] The positioning unit 153 places, on the digital map, a block B included in the cadastral map for which the first to fourth positioning have not been performed, in accordance with the operation signal. For example, the user extracts, from among the blocks B for which the first to fourth positioning have not been performed, a block B whose first parcel boundary Bo1 matches a fifth line corresponding to the topography or vegetation boundary of the pre-afforestation topography of the old aerial photograph placed on the digital map. The extracted block B may include a surrounding block Br. The user adjusts the position, orientation, and / or first parcel boundary Bo1 of the extracted block B so that the first parcel boundary Bo1 and the fifth line overlap as much as possible. The positioning unit 153 adjusts the position, orientation, and / or first parcel boundary Bo1 of the block B included in the cadastral map based on the operation signal instructing these adjustments. The block B for which the fifth positioning has been performed in this manner is an example of a fifth block.

[0081] As described above, the positioning unit 153 performs positioning between the fifth block of the plurality of blocks B and the old aerial photograph. The positioning unit 153 stores the fifth block after positioning in the storage unit 12.

[0082] In the aerial photograph used in S204 of FIG. 4, for example, cedar trees are planted over a wide area, making it difficult to determine the state of the terrain. Because the standard cutting cycle for cedar trees is approximately 45 years, the state of the terrain at the time of planting can be determined using older aerial photographs taken in older years. The alignment unit 153 performs the fifth alignment after the fourth alignment. This enables the forest boundary setting device 1 to set the forest boundary FB using the state of the terrain before planting, which cannot be determined using aerial photographs, thereby enabling the setting of a more accurate forest boundary FB. Furthermore, even if the terrain changes due to a disaster, the forest boundary setting device 1 can correct any errors in the boundary determined in the second alignment by checking older aerial photographs. In other words, the fifth alignment is effective in improving the accuracy of the forest boundary FB.

[0083] This completes the process of aligning the old aerial photograph.

[0084] Fig. 10 is a flow diagram showing the flow of the division line addition process. The processing unit 15 may execute the division line addition process in any of the alignment processes in Fig. 4. Preferably, the processing unit 15 executes the division line addition process after the process of S202.

[0085] First, the division unit 154 extracts a shared block corresponding to the shared land from multiple blocks B (step S401). The division unit 154 extracts a block B selected by the user using the operation unit 13 from the multiple blocks B displayed on the display unit 14 as a shared block. The division unit 154 may extract the shared block using a known image processing technique. Shared land has characteristics such as being subdivided into multiple parcels, having straight parcel boundaries, and having the same land area for adjacent parcels (or adjacent parcel numbers) on a single parcel. The division unit 154 extracts edge pixels in a digital map on which multiple blocks are arranged, whose gradation value difference from surrounding pixels is equal to or exceeds a threshold, and detects straight lines corresponding to the extracted edge pixels using the least squares method, Hough transform, or the like. The division unit 154 extracts a block in which multiple straight lines (parcel boundaries) extending in the same direction exist within the block as a shared block. The division unit 154 may extract the shared block using a learning model. In this case, the memory unit 12 pre-stores a learning model that has been pre-trained to output the positions of shared blocks within an input image when an image containing multiple blocks is input. The learning model is pre-trained by deep learning or the like using a set of multiple learning images containing shared blocks and the positions of the shared blocks within each learning image. The alignment unit 153 inputs a digital map on which multiple blocks are arranged into the learning model, and extracts, as shared blocks, blocks that are arranged in the positions output from the learning model on the digital map. This enables the division unit 154 to reduce the effort required to extract shared blocks.

[0086] Next, the dividing unit 154 adds dividing lines based on the area of ​​land allocated to each owner in the shared block, and divides the aligned shared block (step S402). The dividing unit 154 acquires from the operation unit 13 the number of divisions, the area (area ratio), and the direction of the dividing lines specified by the user using the operation unit 13.

[0087] FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of input displayed on the display unit 14 for the division line addition process. The area ratio, shown as "Land Area" in FIG. 11, is input together with the parcel number and associated with the parcel number. The direction of the division line can be determined from the coordinates of the start and end points shown in FIG. 11. The division unit 154 calculates the area ratio of each region divided by the division line based on the specified number of divisions and the input area ratios. The division unit 154 calculates the number of pixels contained in the shared block. The division unit 154 divides the shared block into a specified number of regions with division lines extending in the specified direction so that the ratio of the number of pixels contained in each region matches the calculated area ratio. The division unit 154 adds the division line to the shared block. This allows the forest boundary setting device 1 to easily input the division line addition process compared to inputting an area ratio (e.g., "0.167"). The area ratio for adding the division line may be input directly.

[0088] The dividing unit 154 may divide the shared block based on the registration information. The registration information is information contained in the registry, and includes the parcel number, land use, land area, owner, and reason for acquiring ownership. The registration information is stored in advance in the storage unit 12. The dividing unit 154 refers to the parcel number and land area contained in the registration information, extracts the parcel number, and determines the area ratio of the land corresponding to the parcel number. In this way, the dividing unit 154 can save the effort required to input the parcel number and land area.

[0089] The dividing unit 154 may also determine whether the area of ​​the shared block is smaller than the land area indicated in the registration information. The dividing unit 154 calculates the area of ​​the shared block from the number of pixels in the shared block and the scale of the digital map. The dividing unit 154 determines whether the calculated area of ​​the shared block is smaller than the land area indicated in the registration information. If it is determined that the area of ​​the shared block is smaller than the land area indicated in the registration information, the display control unit 157 may, for example, display an abnormality indication on the display unit 14 indicating that an abnormality has occurred. If the area of ​​the shared block is smaller than the actual registered area due to the set forest boundary, the owner may not be satisfied. If it is determined that the area of ​​the shared block is smaller than the area of ​​the shared land, the forest boundary setting device 1 displays an abnormality indication to prevent the setting of a forest boundary FB that is difficult for the forest owner to be satisfied with.

[0090] Next, the display control unit 157 displays the forest boundary FB including the added dividing line on the display unit 14 (step S403).

[0091] 12 is a diagram showing an example of a dividing line DL in the dividing line addition process, displayed on the display unit 14. As shown in FIG. 12, the dividing line DL is formed in a straight line in a predetermined direction. A land number corresponding to each block B is displayed in each block B separated by the dividing line DL that separates the shared block SB. The display control unit 157 refers to the land number input in S402 and displays the land number in each block B separated by the dividing line DL.

[0092] This completes the process of adding division lines.

[0093] FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing the flow of the determination process.

[0094] First, the determination unit 156 displays, as a determination image on the display unit 14, a digital map on which the forest boundary FB identified by the positioning process and the division line process is displayed (step S501).

[0095] Next, the determination unit 156 determines whether or not all blocks B included in the cadastral map are present on the digital map including the aligned first to sixth blocks (step S502). As described above, parcel numbers are set for blocks B. The determination unit 156 determines whether or not all blocks B included in the cadastral map are present on the digital map depending on whether or not all parcel numbers included in the cadastral map are present on the digital map.

[0096] If all blocks B are present on the digital map (S502-YES), the processing unit 15 proceeds to step S504. If some or all of blocks B are not present on the digital map (S502-NO), the display control unit 157 notifies the user by displaying on the display unit 14 that some or all of blocks B are not present on the digital map (step S503). In this case, the display control unit 157 displays areas corresponding to parcel numbers that do not exist on the digital map in a different manner from other areas. For example, the display control unit 157 displays the color of areas corresponding to parcel numbers that do not exist on the digital map in a color (e.g., red) that is different from the color (e.g., white) of other areas.

[0097] Next, the determination unit 156 determines whether the adjacency relationship of the aligned block B is the same as the adjacency relationship of the block B included in the cadastral map (step S504). The adjacency relationship indicates the relationship between the parcel numbers of adjacent blocks B. The determination unit 156 extracts all pairs of adjacent blocks in the digital map including the aligned blocks, and extracts the parcel numbers of the blocks related to the extracted pairs. The determination unit 156 extracts all pairs of adjacent blocks in the cadastral map, and extracts the parcel numbers of the blocks related to the extracted pairs. For each parcel number, the determination unit 156 compares the pairs extracted from the digital map with the pairs extracted from the cadastral map, and determines whether the parcel number combinations are the same in all pairs (whether there are pairs that are present on the digital map but not on the cadastral map, and whether there are pairs that are not on the digital map but on the cadastral map). This determines whether the adjacency relationship is the same.

[0098] If all the adjacency relationships are identical (S504-YES), the processing unit 15 proceeds to step S506. If any of the adjacency relationships are not identical (S504-NO), the display control unit 157 notifies the user by displaying on the display unit 14 that the adjacency relationships are inconsistent (step S505). In this case, the display control unit 157 displays each block B whose adjacency relationship is not identical to the adjacency relationship of a block B included in the cadastral map in a different manner from the other blocks B. For example, the display control unit 157 displays the block B whose adjacency relationship is not identical to the adjacency relationship of a block B included in the cadastral map in a color (e.g., yellow) different from the color (e.g., blue) of the other blocks B. The display control unit 157 may display blocks whose adjacency relationships are inconsistent in a different manner from areas corresponding to parcel numbers that do not exist on the digital map. This allows the display control unit 157 to clearly display blocks B whose judgment is abnormal depending on the difference in the judgment target. The display control unit 157 may display, in text, pairs of parcel numbers that are on the digital map but not on the cadastral map, and pairs of parcel numbers that are on the cadastral map but not on the digital map.

[0099] Next, the determination unit 156 determines whether the difference between the area of ​​the aligned block B and the area of ​​the block B included in the cadastral map is equal to or less than a threshold value (step S506). The determination unit 156 calculates the area of ​​each aligned block B from the number of pixels in each block B in the digital map and the scale of the digital map. The determination unit 156 specifies, in the registration information, the land area associated with the land number of block B included in the cadastral map as the area of ​​block B included in the cadastral map. For each land number, the determination unit 156 determines whether the difference between the area of ​​the aligned block B and the area of ​​block B included in the cadastral map is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value.

[0100] If the area differences between all blocks B are equal to or less than the threshold (YES in S506), the determination process ends. If the area difference between any block B is greater than the threshold (YES in S506), the display control unit 157 notifies the user by displaying on the display unit 14 that the area of ​​the aligned block B does not match the area of ​​the block B included in the cadastral map (step S507). In this case, the display control unit 157 displays the block B whose area does not match the area of ​​the block B included in the cadastral map in a different color from the other block Bs. The display control unit 157 may further change the display of the block B whose area does not match the area of ​​the block B included in the cadastral map depending on the degree of increase or decrease in the area of ​​the block B. For example, the display control unit 157 displays the block B whose area does not match the area of ​​the block B included in the cadastral map in a darker color the greater the increase or decrease in area of ​​the block B. The display control unit 157 may display the block B whose area does not match the area of ​​the block B included in the cadastral map in a different color from the blocks whose adjacency relationship does not match and / or the areas corresponding to land addresses that do not exist on the digital map.

[0101] This completes the determination process.

[0102] As described above, the forest boundary setting device 1 performs alignment of multiple blocks B in the order of first alignment, second alignment, third alignment, fourth alignment, and sixth alignment, and sets the forest boundary FB based on the aligned blocks. Conventionally, when setting a forest boundary using a land area survey map, a topographical representation map, an aerial photograph, etc., the priority of each map (each data) was not determined, resulting in inconsistent accuracy of the set forest boundary. Furthermore, the dates when old official maps were created and those of land area survey maps, topographical representation maps, and aerial photographs, etc., were significantly different. This significantly altered the forest condition due to logging, planting, and other factors, making it difficult to set a forest boundary that satisfies the forest owner. The forest boundary setting device 1 performs alignment of the maps (data) that serve as the basis for setting the forest boundary FB in a predetermined order. This enables the forest boundary setting device 1 to set the forest boundary FB consistently. Therefore, the forest boundary setting device 1 enables high-precision setting of the forest boundary FB. This will also contribute to increasing the sense of satisfaction of forest owners.

[0103] Preferably, the forest boundary setting device 1 determines whether the set forest boundary FB is appropriate. Conventionally, there has been no means for verifying forest boundaries to ensure the landowner's satisfaction after the forest boundary is formed. As a result, landowners sometimes confirmed incorrectly formed forest boundaries, hindering the smooth operation of the forest management system. Furthermore, previously formed forest boundaries were visually inspected, which was time-consuming and often resulted in missed inspections. Therefore, improving the accuracy of inspections was a major challenge. The forest boundary setting device 1 determines the status of each aligned block B based on the official map. This improves the forest owner's satisfaction and enables the smooth operation of the forest management system. Furthermore, the forest boundary setting device 1 automates the inspection process by automating the judgment process, thereby improving the accuracy of the inspection.

[0104] Preferably, the forest boundary setting device 1 acquires an old aerial photograph that was taken and orthorectified before the aerial photograph was taken, and performs the fifth alignment. The forest boundary setting device 1 sets the forest boundary FB using the old aerial photograph, which is a photograph taken before the forest condition was significantly changed by logging, planting, etc. This enables the forest boundary setting device 1 to set the forest boundary FB with higher accuracy. More preferably, the forest boundary setting device 1 acquires a colorized old aerial photograph and performs the fifth alignment. Many of the original old aerial photographs from which the old aerial photographs are created are taken in black and white. The forest boundary setting device 1 colorizes the old aerial photograph, thereby enabling the forest boundary FB to be set with higher accuracy. This also contributes to improving the sense of satisfaction of forest owners.

[0105] Preferably, the forest boundary setting device 1 extracts a shared block SB shared by multiple owners from multiple blocks B and divides the aligned shared block SB based on the area assigned to each owner in the shared block SB. In forests and wilderness (shared land) that have been jointly used according to local customs, such as common forests, the parcel boundaries are independent of topography. Furthermore, the area of ​​the shared block SB on a digital map is often larger than the area recorded in the land registry, making manual forest boundary setting time-consuming. By dividing the shared block SB, the forest boundary setting device 1 significantly reduces the effort required to set the forest boundary FB. Furthermore, the forest boundary setting device 1 automates the process of adding dividing lines, thereby reducing the time required to set dividing lines DL.

[0106] Preferably, the forest boundary setting device 1 displays the first to sixth blocks whose positions have been changed in each of the first to sixth alignments, and the blocks whose positions have not been changed, in different ways. This allows the forest boundary setting device 1 to visualize the basis for the forest boundary FB. This contributes to improving the forest owner's sense of satisfaction and also enables the smooth operation of the forest management system.

[0107] (Modification of the first embodiment) The forest boundary setting device 1 may have the following modified examples applied thereto.

[0108] In S102 of Fig. 2, when arranging a land area survey map on a digital map, the positioning unit 153 may arrange a relatively recently created land area survey map according to the geographical coordinates, while arranging a land area survey map that was not created relatively recently by referring only to the shape of the parcel boundary. The positioning unit 153 determines whether the land area survey map was created relatively recently, for example, by determining whether the date on which the land area survey map was created is after a predetermined reference date.

[0109] In steps S201 to S207 of FIG. 4 and S304 of FIG. 9, the alignment unit 153 may use a learning model to perform each alignment. The memory unit 12 pre-stores a learning model that has been pre-trained to output, when a digital map on which a reference map is located and a block B are input, the position that best matches the block B within each line of the reference map and the degree of match. The reference map may be a 14-section map, a land area survey map, a microtopographic representation map, a forest type identification map, an aerial photograph map, a former aerial photograph map, a tree height distribution map, a tree density distribution map, or the like. The learning model is pre-trained by deep learning or the like using a set of a large number of digital maps on which the reference map is located, a large number of blocks B, and the position that best matches the block B within each line of the reference map and the degree of match. The positioning unit 153 inputs the digital map on which the reference figure is placed and the block B into the learning model, and acquires the position that best matches the block B within each line of the reference figure output from the learning model and the degree of match. If the acquired degree of match is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold, the positioning unit 153 places the block B at the acquired position. By performing positioning using the learning model, the positioning unit 153 can reduce the effort required for positioning. In this case, the placement unit 152 does not need to provisionally place each block B on the digital map in S102.

[0110] Between the processes of S201 to S207, the processing unit 15 may align block B based on a map (data) other than the map used in S201 to S206. The processing unit 15 (alignment unit 153) aligns block B based on, for example, information included in a forest register. The forest register is a ledger that includes information about the forest, such as the location, owner, area, type of forest, timber volume, and growth rate of the forest.

[0111] The determination unit 156 may omit any of S502, S504, and S506 in the determination process shown in FIG. 13 . In other words, the determination unit 156 may execute at least one of S502, S504, and S506. In this case, the forest boundary setting device 1 may also have a forest boundary FB confirmation means. However, by having the determination unit 156 execute all of S502, S504, and S506, the forest boundary setting device 1 can set a forest boundary FB that is more satisfactory to each entity related to the forest management system (such as the worker who sets the forest boundary FB, the municipality, and the forest owner). In other words, since each of these processes is intended to ensure the accuracy of the forest boundary FB to be set, the forest boundary setting device 1 executes all of these processes to satisfy each entity and enable smoother operation of the forest management system.

[0112] The processing unit 15 may not execute the division line addition process and / or the determination process.

[0113] The forest boundary setting device 1 may perform at least one of the processes in S101 to S105 using a GIS (Geographic Information System). A GIS is an information system that processes digitized geospatial information in an integrated manner on a digital map using an information processing device to enable geographical understanding or analysis of geospatial information. Geospatial information indicates the location information of a specific point or area in space, and information associated with this information.

[0114] The forest boundary FB set by the forest boundary setting device 1 may be applied to boundary line setting by cadastral surveying. Remote sensing data is used to set the forest boundary FB by the forest boundary setting device 1. Remote sensing is a method of measuring the presence of an object and its surface attributes from a distance without physical contact. Remote sensing data is data obtained by remote sensing, such as point cloud data obtained by the airborne laser measurement mentioned above. Meanwhile, cadastral surveys are conducted for boundary line setting by cadastral surveying. Cadastral surveys are conducted by municipalities and other organizations in accordance with the Cadastral Survey Work Regulations and Operational Standards. In recent years, cadastral surveys have been conducted using remote sensing data.

[0115] The forest boundary setting device 1 sets the forest boundary FB using remote sensing data. As a result, the forest boundary FB set by the forest boundary setting device 1 can also be used for cadastral surveys that utilize remote sensing data.

[0116] Preferably, the setting of the forest boundary FB by the forest boundary setting device 1 complies with the Cadastral Survey Manual Utilizing Remote Sensing Data. The Cadastral Survey Manual Utilizing Remote Sensing Data (hereinafter referred to as the "Cadastral Survey Manual") is a manual provided by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. The Cadastral Survey Manual defines standard work methods for cadastral surveys in mountain villages using remote sensing technology, which are carried out in accordance with Article 8 of the Cadastral Survey Work Regulations and Standards. A cadastral survey based on the Cadastral Survey Manual makes it possible to conduct a unified cadastral survey and ensure the accuracy required for the cadastral survey. A cadastral survey utilizing remote sensing data is also called a cadastral survey using aerial surveying methods.

[0117] The forest boundary setting device 1 sets the forest boundary FB in accordance with the cadastral survey manual. As a result, the forest boundary FB set by the forest boundary setting device 1 can be used more effectively in cadastral surveys.

[0118] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, substitutions, and alterations can be made to the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, the above-described embodiments and modifications may be implemented in appropriate combination within the scope of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0119] 1 forest boundary setting device, 15 processing unit, 151 acquisition unit, 153 alignment unit, 154 division unit, 155 setting unit, 156 determination unit, 157 display control unit

Claims

1. An acquisition unit that acquires a public map including a plurality of blocks, a micro-topography representation map, a forest type identification map, an aerial photograph map, and a tree height distribution map or a density distribution map; an alignment unit that executes alignment of the plurality of blocks in the following order: a second alignment of a second block of the plurality of blocks with the microtopography representation map; a third alignment of a third block of the plurality of blocks with the forest type identification map; a fourth alignment of a fourth block of the plurality of blocks with the aerial photograph map; and a sixth alignment of a sixth block of the plurality of blocks with the tree height distribution map or the density distribution map; a setting unit that sets a forest boundary based on the aligned blocks; A forest boundary setting device comprising:

2. The acquisition unit further acquires an Article 14 map or a cadastral survey map, the alignment unit performs a first alignment between a first block of the plurality of blocks and the Article 14 map or the land area survey map before the second alignment. The forest boundary setting device according to claim 1 .

3. The method further includes a determination unit that determines at least one of whether all blocks included in the cadastral map are present in the map including the aligned blocks, whether the adjacency relationship of the aligned blocks is the same as the adjacency relationship of the blocks included in the cadastral map, and whether the difference between the area of ​​the aligned blocks and the area of ​​the blocks included in the cadastral map is equal to or less than a threshold. The forest boundary setting device according to claim 1 .

4. The acquisition unit further acquires a previous aerial photograph that was taken and colorized before the aerial photograph was taken, The forest boundary setting device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the alignment unit performs a fifth alignment between a fifth block of the plurality of blocks and the old aerial photograph between the fourth alignment and the sixth alignment.

5. a dividing unit that extracts a shared block shared by a plurality of owners from the plurality of blocks, and divides the shared block after the alignment based on an area allocated to each owner in the shared block; 3. A forest boundary setting device according to claim 1 or 2.

6. A forest boundary setting device as described in claim 1 or 2, further comprising a display control unit that displays blocks whose positions have been changed in each of the second alignment, the third alignment, the fourth alignment, and the sixth alignment, as well as blocks whose positions have not been changed, in different manners.

7. A processor comprising: Acquire from the memory unit or via the communication unit a public map including a plurality of blocks, a micro-topography representation map, a forest type identification map, an aerial photograph map, and a tree height distribution map or a density distribution map; performing alignment of the plurality of blocks in the following order: a second alignment of a second block of the plurality of blocks with the microtopography representation map; a third alignment of a third block of the plurality of blocks with the forest type identification map; a fourth alignment of a fourth block of the plurality of blocks with the aerial photograph map; and a sixth alignment of a sixth block of the plurality of blocks with the tree height distribution map or the density distribution map; setting forest boundaries based on the blocks on which the registration has been performed; A forest boundary setting method characterized by:

8. Obtain a public map including multiple blocks, a micro-topography representation map, a forest type identification map, an aerial photograph map, and a tree height distribution map or a density distribution map; performing alignment of the plurality of blocks in the following order: a second alignment of a second block of the plurality of blocks with the microtopography representation map; a third alignment of a third block of the plurality of blocks with the forest type identification map; a fourth alignment of a fourth block of the plurality of blocks with the aerial photograph map; and a sixth alignment of a sixth block of the plurality of blocks with the tree height distribution map or the density distribution map; setting forest boundaries based on the blocks on which the registration has been performed; A forest boundary setting program characterized by causing a processor to execute the above.

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