Timing relationship adjustment method and device

Abstract

This application proposes a timing relationship adjustment method and device thereof, for instructing a time offset of at least one service beam to a terminal device, the time offset is for adjusting the timing relationship between a network device and a terminal device, solving the problem of adjusting the timing relationship between a terminal device and a network device due to the high speed movement of a satellite, and ensuring the reliability of data exchange in a satellite communication scenario.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communications technology, and more particularly to a timing relationship adjustment method and apparatus therefor. [Background technology]

[0002] In the related art, in a scenario where satellites are used for communication, the signal transmission distance between a network device and a terminal device is long, which results in a long data transmission time. In order to ensure the reliability of data exchange in a satellite communication scenario, it is necessary to solve the problem of adjusting the timing relationship between the terminal device and the network device due to the high speed movement of the satellite. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] The embodiments of the present application propose a timing relationship adjustment method and apparatus, which instructs a terminal device on the time offset of at least one service beam, where the time offset is used to adjust the timing relationship between the network device and the terminal device, thereby solving the problem of adjusting the timing relationship between the terminal device and the network device due to high-speed movement of the satellite and ensuring the reliability of data exchange in satellite communication scenarios. [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] According to a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application proposes a timing relationship adjustment method, applied to a network device, the method including a step of instructing a terminal device on a time offset of at least one service beam, wherein the time offset is for adjusting the timing relationship between the network device and the terminal device.

[0005] An embodiment of the present application proposes a timing relationship adjustment method, which indicates the time offset of at least one service beam to a terminal device, where the time offset is used to adjust the timing relationship between the network device and the terminal device, thereby solving the problem of adjusting the timing relationship between the terminal device and the network device due to high-speed movement of the satellite and ensuring the reliability of data exchange in satellite communication scenarios.

[0006] In one implementation, the step of instructing the terminal device of the time offset of the at least one serving beam includes the step of explicitly or implicitly instructing the terminal device of the time offset of the at least one serving beam.

[0007] In one implementation, the step of instructing the terminal device of the time offset of the at least one serving beam includes transmitting a time offset set including the time offset of the at least one serving beam to the terminal device.

[0008] In one implementation, transmitting the set of time offsets to the terminal device comprises transmitting the set of time offsets to the terminal device via group shared downlink control information.

[0009] In one implementation, the step of instructing the terminal device of the time offset of the at least one service beam includes configuring the time offset of the at least one service beam in a first position of a first downlink control signaling (DCI) and transmitting the time offset of the at least one service beam to the terminal device via the first DCI.

[0010] In one implementation, the step of instructing the terminal device of the time offset of the at least one service beam includes the steps of scrambling a second DCI based on a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI), setting the time offset of the at least one service beam to a second position of the scrambled second DCI, and transmitting the time offset of the at least one service beam to the terminal device via the second DCI.

[0011] In one implementation, the step of instructing the terminal device of the time offset of at least one service beam includes a step of instructing the terminal device of the time offset of a target service beam, wherein the target service beam is a beam currently used by the terminal device.

[0012] In one implementation, indicating the time offset of the target serving beam to the terminal device includes indicating the time offset of the target serving beam to the terminal device via a random access response.

[0013] In one implementation, the frequency domain resource in which the random access response resides and the time offset of the target serving beam have a mapping relationship.

[0014] In one implementation, the RNTI carried in the random access response and the target service There is a mapping relationship with the time offset of the beam.

[0015] In one implementation, the time offset of the service beam includes at least one of an offset parameter of the service beam, an offset amount between the offset parameter of the service beam and a reference offset parameter, a reference offset parameter, and an offset amount between the offset parameter of the service beam and the reference offset parameter.

[0016] According to a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further proposes a timing relationship adjustment method, applied to a terminal device, the method including: determining a time offset of at least one service beam; and performing timing relationship adjustment based on the time offset.

[0017] In one implementation, the step of determining the time offset of the at least one serving beam includes a step of receiving a time offset set transmitted from the network device, wherein the time offset set includes the time offset of the at least one serving beam.

[0018] In one implementation, the step of determining the time offset of the at least one serving beam includes a step of receiving group shared downlink control information transmitted from the network device, wherein the group shared downlink control information includes the time offset set.

[0019] In one implementation, the step of determining the time offset of the at least one serving beam includes receiving a first downlink control signaling (DCI) transmitted from the network device and obtaining the time offset of the at least one serving beam from a first position of the first DCI.

[0020] In one implementation, the step of determining the time offset of the at least one service beam includes receiving a second DCI transmitted from the network device and obtaining the time offset of the at least one service beam from scrambling information in the CRC of the second DCI.

[0021] In one implementation, the step of determining the time offset of at least one serving beam includes a step of receiving instruction information transmitted from the network device and determining the time offset of a target serving beam based on the instruction information, wherein the target serving beam is a beam currently used by the terminal device.

[0022] In one implementation, the step of receiving instruction information transmitted from the network device and determining the time offset of the target serving beam based on the instruction information includes the step of receiving a random access response carrying the instruction information and obtaining the time offset of the target serving beam based on the instruction information.

[0023] In one implementation, the step of obtaining the time offset of the target service beam based on the instruction information includes the steps of obtaining a target frequency domain resource in which the random access response exists, where the target frequency domain resource is the instruction information, and querying a mapping relationship between frequency domain resources and time offsets of service beams based on the target frequency domain resource to obtain a target time offset matching the target frequency domain resource.

[0024] In one implementation, the step of obtaining the time offset of the target service beam based on the indication information includes the steps of obtaining a target RNTI carried in the random access response, where the target RNTI is the indication information, and querying a mapping relationship between the RNTI and the time offset of the service beam based on the target RNTI to obtain a target time offset matching the target RNTI.

[0025] According to a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a communication device, the communication device having a function of implementing part or all of the network device in the method according to the first aspect. For example, the function of the communication device may include the functions of part or all of the embodiments of the present disclosure, or may include the function of independently implementing any one of the embodiments of the present disclosure. The functions can be implemented by hardware, or by executing corresponding software via the hardware. The hardware or software includes one or more units or modules corresponding to the functions.

[0026] In one implementation, the structure of the communication device can include a transceiver module, which is used to support communication between the communication device and other devices. The communication device may further include a storage module, which is used to combine with the transceiver module and the processing module, and which stores computer programs and data required for the communication device.

[0027] As an example, the transmitting and receiving module may be a transceiver or a communication interface, and the storage module may be a memory.

[0028] According to a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a communication device, the communication device having a function of implementing part or all of the functions of the terminal device in the method according to the second aspect. For example, the function of the communication device may include the functions of part or all of the embodiments of the present disclosure, or may include the function of independently implementing any one of the embodiments of the present disclosure. The functions can be implemented by hardware, or by executing corresponding software via the hardware. The hardware or software includes one or more units or modules corresponding to the functions.

[0029] In one implementation, the structure of the communication device can include a transceiver module and a processing module, and the processing module is configured to support the communication device to perform the corresponding functions of the above method. The transceiver module is used to support communication between the communication device and other devices. The communication device may further include a storage module, which is used to combine with the transceiver module and the processing module and stores computer programs and data required for the communication device.

[0030] As an example, the processing module may be a processor, the transmitting and receiving module may be a transceiver or a communication interface, and the storage module may be a memory.

[0031] According to a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a communication device, the device including a processor and a memory, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor executes the computer program stored in the memory to cause the device to perform the method according to the first aspect.

[0032] According to a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a communication device, the device including a processor and a memory, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and the processor executes the computer program stored in the memory to cause the device to perform the method according to the second aspect.

[0033] According to a seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a communication device, comprising: a processor and an interface circuit, the interface circuit being used to receive and transmit code instructions to the processor, the processor being used to execute the code instructions so as to perform the method according to the first aspect above.

[0034] According to an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a communication device, comprising: a processor and an interface circuit, wherein the interface circuit is used to receive and transmit code instructions to the processor, and the processor is used to execute the code instructions so as to perform the method according to the second aspect.

[0035] According to a ninth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, the system comprising a communication device according to the third aspect and a communication device according to the fourth aspect, or the system comprising a communication device according to the fifth aspect and a communication device according to the sixth aspect, or the system comprising a communication device according to the seventh aspect and a communication device according to the eighth aspect, or the system comprising a communication device according to the ninth aspect and a communication device according to the tenth aspect.

[0036] According to a tenth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing instructions, which, when executed, effect the method according to the first aspect above.

[0037] According to an eleventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing instructions, which, when executed, effect the method according to the second aspect above. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0038] In order to more clearly describe the technical solutions in the embodiments or background art of the present disclosure, the following describes the drawings that need to be used in the embodiments or background art of the present disclosure. [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] 1 is a schematic flowchart of a timing relationship adjustment method according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 3] 1 is a schematic diagram of uplink-downlink timing alignment data transmission at a network device side according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 4]FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of uplink-downlink timing non-aligned data transmission on the network device side according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 5] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of indicating the time offset of at least one service beam to a terminal device according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of transmitting a time offset set to a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of indicating the time offset of the service beam to a terminal device according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 8] A schematic diagram of the mapping relationship between frequency domain resources and beam time offsets according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 9] 1 is a schematic flowchart of another timing relationship adjustment method according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of receiving a time offset set transmitted from a network device according to an embodiment of the present application; [Figure 11] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating receiving a time offset of a service beam transmitted from a network device according to one embodiment of the present application. [Figure 12] 1 is a schematic flowchart of a timing relationship adjustment device according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 13] 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application. [Figure 14] 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the configuration of a chip according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0039] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0023] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements throughout. The following description of the preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings is for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as a limitation on the present invention.

[0040] The terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure are merely for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present disclosure. The singular forms "a," "an," and "the," as used in the embodiments of the present disclosure and the appended claims, are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It should be understood that the term "and / or," as used herein, refers to and includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0041] In embodiments of the present disclosure, terms such as first, second, and third may be used to describe various pieces of information, but it should be understood that such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are merely used to distinguish between the same types of information. For example, first information could be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information could be referred to as first information, without departing from the scope of embodiments of the present disclosure. Depending on the context, the words "if" and "if" used herein can be interpreted as "when" or "in the case of" or "responsive to a determination."

[0042] To facilitate understanding, first, terms used in this application will be explained.

[0043] DCI: Collectively referred to as Downlink Control Information, DCI refers to downlink control information carried by the downlink physical control channel (PDCCH) and transmitted by network devices to user equipment (UE), including public information transmission, uplink / downlink resource allocation, hybrid automatic repeat reQuest (HARQ), power control, etc.

[0044] RNTI: Radio Network Temporary Identity, which is used to distinguish / recognize user equipment UEs connected to a cell, a specific radio channel, a set of user equipment UEs in case of paging, a set of user equipment UEs that have sent power control from a network device, and system information sent by a network device to all user equipment UEs.

[0045] As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided by an embodiment of the present application. The communication system may include, but is not limited to, one network device and one terminal device. The number and form of devices shown in FIG. 1 are exemplary and do not limit the embodiment of the present application. In actual applications, the communication system may include two or more network devices and two or more terminal devices. For example, the communication system shown in FIG. 1 includes one network device 101 and one terminal device 102.

[0046] It should be noted that the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as a long term evolution (LTE) system, a fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system, a 5G new radio (NR) system, or other future new mobile communication systems.

[0047] The network device 101 in the embodiments of the present disclosure is a network-side entity for transmitting and receiving signals. For example, the network device 101 may be an evolved base station (eNB), a transmission reception point (TRP), a next-generation base station (gNB) in an NR system, a base station in other future mobile communication systems, or an access node in a wireless fidelity (WiFi) system. The embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit the specific technology and device configuration used by the network device. The network device provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure may be configured with a central unit (CU) and distributed units (DUs), where the CU may also be referred to as a control unit. The CU-DU structure may be used to separate protocol layers of a network device, for example, a base station, with some protocol layer functions centrally controlled in the CU and some or all of the remaining protocol layer functions distributed to the DUs, and the DUs centrally controlled by the CU.

[0048] In the present embodiment, the terminal device 102 is a user-side entity for transmitting and receiving signals, such as a mobile phone. The terminal device may also be referred to as a terminal, user equipment (UE), mobile station (MS), mobile terminal (MT), etc. The terminal device may be a car with communication capabilities, a smart car, a mobile phone, a wearable device, a tablet, a computer with wireless transmission and reception capabilities, a virtual reality (VR) terminal device, an augmented reality (AR) terminal device, a wireless terminal device in industrial control, a wireless terminal device in self-driving, a wireless terminal device in remote medical surgery, a wireless terminal device in a smart grid, a wireless terminal device in transportation safety, a wireless terminal device in a smart city, a wireless terminal device in a smart home, etc. The present embodiment does not limit the specific technology and device form used by the terminal device.

[0049] It should be noted that the communication systems described in the embodiments of the present application are intended to more clearly explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application. Those skilled in the art will recognize that with the evolution of system architecture and the emergence of new service scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application can be similarly applied to similar technical issues.

[0050] The timing relationship adjusting method and apparatus provided by the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0051] FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart of a timing relationship adjusting method according to an embodiment of the present application, which is applied to a network device. As shown in FIG. 2, the method includes the following step S10.

[0052] At S10, a time offset of at least one serving beam is indicated to a terminal device, where the time offset is for adjusting a timing relationship between the network device and the terminal device.

[0053] In the new radio technology (New Radio, NR) of fifth-generation mobile communications technology (5G), high-frequency signal transmission results in high penetration loss along the transmission path and a small coverage area. To increase coverage, 5G communications generally employ a transmission method using multiple service beams to enhance signal strength. Currently, omnidirectional transmission, a single-beam transmission method, can cover all directions simultaneously, but the coverage radius in each direction is small. Multi-beam transmission methods have a large coverage radius, but each beam must be polled at a different time, resulting in a certain delay, i.e., a certain time offset. This application does not limit the beam transmission method; there may be one or more service beams.

[0054] Optionally, the time offset of the serving beam is the offset parameters of the serving beam; an offset amount between the offset parameter of the service beam and the reference offset parameter; The offset parameter includes at least one of a reference offset parameter and an offset amount between the offset parameter of the service beam and the reference offset parameter.

[0055] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of uplink-downlink timing-aligned data transmission at the network device side, and Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of uplink-downlink timing-unaligned data transmission at the network device side. As shown in Figures 3 and 4, when data is transmitted with timing alignment on the uplink and downlink at the network device side, a delay occurs in the uplink and downlink data transmission, and a time offset can be introduced to compensate for the transmission delay. Optionally, the time offset can be referred to as Koffset (time offset parameter). Therefore, the network device needs to send Koffset, which compensates for the time offset, to the terminal device, so that the terminal device adjusts the timing relationship between the network device and the terminal device based on the time offset.

[0056] Alternatively, the terminal device adjusting the timing relationship between the network device and the terminal device based on the time offset may be applicable to Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) transmissions scheduled by Downlink Control Information (DCI), Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) feedback information transmissions, and Multiple Access Channel Control Element (MAC CE) transmissions.

[0057] An embodiment of the present application proposes a timing relationship adjustment method, which indicates the time offset of at least one service beam to a terminal device, where the time offset is used to adjust the timing relationship between the network device and the terminal device, thereby solving the problem of adjusting the timing relationship between the terminal device and the network device due to high-speed movement of the satellite and ensuring the reliability of data exchange in satellite communication scenarios.

[0058] FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a timing relationship adjusting method according to an embodiment of the present application, which is applied to a network device. As shown in FIG. 5, the method includes the following step S20:

[0059] In S20, the time offset of at least one serving beam is explicitly or implicitly indicated to the terminal device.

[0060] The network device's indication of the time offset of a serving beam to a terminal device proposed by the embodiments of the present application includes two forms: explicit indication and implicit indication. Here, the serving beam may be one or more. Here, the time offset is for adjusting the timing relationship between the network device and the terminal device. Here, the explicit indication can be understood as the network device directly transmitting the time offset of the serving beam to the terminal device through a message, i.e., the network device directly including the time offset of the serving beam in the message. The implicit indication can be understood as the network device indicating the time offset of the serving beam via another parameter, i.e., the network device does not directly transmit the time offset of the serving beam to the terminal device. The other parameter may be, for example, a parameter such as frequency or RNTI, and the other parameter and the time offset have a mapping relationship, and the terminal device can obtain the time offset of the serving beam based on this mapping relationship.

[0061] Alternatively, if the network device instructs the terminal device of the time offset of the serving beam by explicit instruction, the time offset set can be transmitted to the terminal device by group shared downlink control information.

[0062] Alternatively, if the network device indicates the time offset of the serving beam to the terminal device by implicit indication, the time offset of the serving beam can be indicated to the terminal device by the random access response.

[0063] After the terminal device determines the time offset of the serving beam, the timing relationship between the network device and the terminal device can be adjusted based on the time offset.

[0064] An embodiment of the present application proposes a timing relationship adjustment method, which indicates the time offset of at least one service beam to a terminal device, where the time offset is used to adjust the timing relationship between the network device and the terminal device, thereby solving the problem of adjusting the timing relationship between the terminal device and the network device due to high-speed movement of the satellite and ensuring the reliability of data exchange in satellite communication scenarios.

[0065] Below, we will describe several possible ways in which a network device can explicitly indicate the time offset of a serving beam to a terminal device.

[0066] FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a timing relationship adjusting method according to an embodiment of the present application, which is applied to a network device. Based on the above embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the method includes the following step S30:

[0067] At S30, a time offset set is transmitted to a terminal device, where the time offset set includes a time offset of at least one serving beam.

[0068] Optionally, the network device can transmit the time offset set to the terminal device through group shared downlink control information, where the time offset set includes a time offset of at least one serving beam. Optionally, the time offset of the serving beam can include at least one of an offset parameter of the serving beam, an offset amount between the offset parameter of the serving beam and a reference offset parameter, a reference offset parameter, and an offset amount between the offset parameter of the serving beam and the reference offset parameter.

[0069] In the case of multiple serving beams, different serving beams correspond to different time offsets.

[0070] For example, the time offset set of serving beams includes the offset parameters of the serving beams, that is, the time offset set may include the value of a specific time offset parameter Koffset. For example, the time offset set can be written as {Koffset1, Koffset2, Koffset3...KoffsetN}, where Koffset1 corresponds to the time offset parameter of serving beam 1, Koffset2 corresponds to the time offset parameter of serving beam 2, and KoffsetN corresponds to the time offset parameter of serving beam N.

[0071] For example, if the time offset set of serving beams includes an offset amount between the offset parameter of the serving beam and a reference offset parameter, one reference offset parameter is set and this reference offset parameter is denoted as Koffset0. The difference between the time offset parameter Koffset of each serving beam and the reference offset parameter Koffset0 is simultaneously obtained, and this difference is the offset amount between the time offset parameter Koffset of each serving beam and the reference offset parameter Koffset0. For example, the time offset set can be denoted as {offset value 1, offset value 2...offset value N}, where offset value 1 corresponds to the offset amount between the time offset parameter Koffset of serving beam 1 and the reference offset parameter Koffset0, offset value 2 corresponds to the offset amount between the time offset parameter Koffset of serving beam 2 and the reference offset parameter Koffset0, and offset value N corresponds to the offset amount between the time offset parameter Koffset of serving beam N and the reference offset parameter Koffset0.

[0072] For example, the time offset set of serving beams includes a reference offset parameter and an offset amount between the offset parameter of the serving beam and the reference offset parameter. One reference offset parameter is set and this reference offset parameter is denoted as Koffset0. The difference between the time offset Koffset of each serving beam and the reference offset parameter Koffset0 is simultaneously obtained, and this difference is the offset amount between the time offset Koffset of each serving beam and the reference offset parameter Koffset0. For example, the time offset set can be denoted as {Koffset0, offset value 1, offset value 2 ... offset value N}, where Koffset0 is the preset reference offset parameter, offset value 1 corresponds to the offset amount between the time offset parameter Koffset of serving beam 1 and the reference offset parameter Koffset0, offset value 2 corresponds to the offset amount between the time offset parameter Koffset of serving beam 2 and the reference offset parameter Koffset0, and offset value N corresponds to the offset amount between the time offset parameter Koffset of serving beam N and the reference offset parameter Koffset0.

[0073] In another possible embodiment, when the network device transmits the time offset or the time offset set of the serving beam to the terminal device, a new downlink control signaling (DCI) specifically used for transmitting the time offset or the time offset set to the terminal device may be defined. This newly defined downlink control signaling (DCI) may be referred to as the first downlink control signaling (DCI). A location where the first DCI can carry the time offset or the time offset set is determined as a first location. The time offset or the time offset set of at least one serving beam is set at the first location of the first DCI, and the time offset or the time offset set of the at least one serving beam is transmitted to the terminal device via the first DCI.

[0074] In another possible embodiment, when a network device transmits a time offset or a time offset set of a serving beam to a terminal device, the network device may transmit the time offset or the time offset set to the terminal device by reusing an existing downlink control signaling (DCI). This existing downlink control signaling (DCI) may be referred to as a second downlink control signaling (DCI). The second DCI may be scrambled based on a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI), a location where the second DCI can carry the time offset or the time offset set is determined as a second location, the time offset or the time offset set of at least one serving beam is set at the second location of the second DCI, and the time offset or the time offset set of the at least one serving beam is transmitted to the terminal device via the second DCI. Here, the radio network temporary identifier (RNTI) may be fixed in a protocol or may be notified in advance by the terminal device. Optionally, when the second DCI is scrambled based on the Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI), the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) can be scrambled, ensuring the reliability of data transmission and the efficiency of data checking.

[0075] In the embodiments of the present application, the network device sends a time offset set to the terminal device by explicit instruction, thereby solving the problem of adjusting the timing relationship between the terminal device and the network device due to high-speed movement of the satellite, and ensuring the reliability of data exchange in satellite communication scenarios.

[0076] Below, we will describe several possible ways in which a network device can implicitly indicate the time offset of a serving beam to a terminal device.

[0077] FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a timing relationship adjusting method according to an embodiment of the present application, which is applied to a network device. Based on the above embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the method includes the following step S40:

[0078] S40, instruct the terminal device on the time offset of the target serving beam, where the target serving beam is the beam currently used by the terminal device.

[0079] When the network device instructs the terminal device of the time offset of the target service beam, using the beam currently used by the terminal device as the target service beam, the time offset of the target service beam can be instructed to the terminal device by the random access response (MSG2).

[0080] In one possible embodiment, the network device may predefine a mapping relationship between the frequency domain resources in which the random access response exists and the time offset of the target service beam. The network device predefines a mapping relationship between the frequency domain resources in which MSG2 exists and the time offset of the target service beam. As shown in FIG. 8, different frequency ranges correspond to different time offsets. For example, the time offset may be a time offset parameter Koffset. If MSG2 is scheduled to be transmitted in frequency range 3, the terminal device may determine that the notified time offset parameter Koffset is Koffset3. Here, the range of frequency domain resources in which the predefined random access response exists may be the frequency range of the terminal device's operating carrier or subset bandwidth (Bandwidth Part, BWP) or other frequency ranges.

[0081] In another possible embodiment, the network device can predefine a mapping relationship between the RNTI carried in MSG2 and the time offset of the target service beam, and based on the mapping relationship, detect the RNTI value at the position of the downlink control signaling (DCI) and determine the corresponding time offset Koffset.

[0082] In the embodiments of the present application, the network device implicitly instructs the terminal device of the time offset of the target service beam, thereby solving the problem of adjusting the timing relationship between the terminal device and the network device due to high-speed movement of the satellite and ensuring the reliability of data exchange in satellite communication scenarios.

[0083] FIG. 9 is a schematic flowchart of a timing relationship adjusting method according to an embodiment of the present application, which is applied to a terminal device. As shown in FIG. 9, the method includes the following steps S50 to S51.

[0084] In S50, a time offset of at least one serving beam is determined.

[0085] The terminal device determines the time offset of at least one service beam instructed by the network device. Optionally, when the terminal device determines the time offset of at least one service beam, it may directly receive an explicit instruction of the time offset of at least one service beam transmitted from the network device, or it may receive an implicit instruction transmitted from the network device and determine the time offset information of at least one service beam based on the implicit instruction. Here, the time offset is used to adjust the timing relationship between the network device and the terminal device. The instruction of the time offset of at least one service beam transmitted from the network device has been specifically described in the above embodiment, so a description thereof will be omitted here.

[0086] In S51, timing relationship adjustment is performed based on the time offset.

[0087] The service beam that requires timing adjustment based on a time offset is designated as a target service beam, and the terminal device determines a target time offset of the target service beam based on an instruction message expressed by a time offset for the service beam transmitted from the network device, and adjusts the timing relationship based on the target time offset.

[0088] The present embodiment proposes a timing relationship adjustment method, which determines the time offset of at least one service beam by an explicit or implicit manner, and performs timing relationship adjustment based on the time offset. This solves the problem of timing relationship adjustment between a terminal device and a network device due to high-speed satellite movement, and ensures the reliability of data exchange in satellite communication scenarios.

[0089] FIG. 10 is a schematic flowchart of a timing relationship adjusting method according to an embodiment of the present application, which is applied to a terminal device. Based on the above embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10, the method includes the following step S60:

[0090] At S60, a time offset set transmitted from a network device is received, where the time offset set includes a time offset of at least one serving beam.

[0091] Some possible ways in which a terminal device can receive an explicit indication of the time offset of a service beam transmitted from a network device are as follows:

[0092] In one possible embodiment, the terminal device can receive group shared downlink control information sent from the network device, where the group shared downlink control information includes a time offset set. Since the fact that the group shared downlink control information includes a time offset set has been specifically described in the above embodiment, description thereof will be omitted here.

[0093] In another possible embodiment, the terminal device can receive a first downlink control signaling (DCI) transmitted from the network device, and acquire the time offset of at least one service beam from the first position of the first DCI. Since the time offset of at least one service beam is conveyed in the first position of the first DCI has been specifically described in the above embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted here.

[0094] In another possible embodiment, the terminal device can receive a second DCI transmitted from the network device and obtain the time offset of at least one service beam from the scrambling information in the CRC of the second DCI. No. 2 DCI's No. 2 Since the conveyance of the time offset of at least one service beam to the position has been specifically explained in the above embodiment, the explanation thereof will be omitted here.

[0095] An embodiment of the present application receives a time offset set transmitted from a network device, where the time offset set includes time offsets of multiple service beams, solves the problem of adjusting the timing relationship between a terminal device and a network device due to high-speed satellite movement, and ensures the reliability of data exchange in satellite communication scenarios.

[0096] FIG. 11 is a schematic flowchart of a timing relationship adjusting method according to an embodiment of the present application, which is applied to a terminal device. Based on the above embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, the method includes the following step S70:

[0097] At S70, receive indication information sent from the network device, and determine a time offset of a target serving beam based on the indication information, where the target serving beam is a beam currently used by the terminal device.

[0098] Some possible implementations in which the terminal device can receive an implicit indication of the time offset of the target serving beam transmitted from the network device, assuming that the beam currently used by the terminal device is the target serving beam, are as follows:

[0099] Optionally, the terminal device can receive a random access response carrying instruction information transmitted from the network device, and obtain the time offset of the target serving beam based on the instruction information.

[0100] In one possible embodiment, a target frequency domain resource in which a random access response exists is obtained, and a mapping relationship between the frequency domain resource and the beam time offset is queried based on the target frequency domain resource to obtain a target time offset matching the target frequency domain resource. The mapping relationship between the frequency domain resource and the beam time offset has been specifically described in the above embodiment, so further description is omitted here.

[0101] In another possible embodiment, the target RNTI carried in the random access response is obtained, where the target RNTI is indication information, and the mapping relationship between the RNTI and the time offset of the serving beam is queried based on the target RNTI to obtain the target time offset matching the target RNTI. The mapping relationship between the RNTI and the beam time offset has been specifically described in the above embodiment, so the description thereof is omitted here.

[0102] The embodiment of the present application receives the time offset of the target service beam transmitted from the network device, solves the problem of adjusting the timing relationship between the terminal device and the network device due to the high speed movement of the satellite, and ensures the reliability of data exchange in the satellite communication scenario.

[0103] In the above embodiments provided by the present disclosure, the methods provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure are described from the perspective of a network device and a terminal device, respectively. To realize each function in the methods provided by the above embodiments of the present disclosure, the network device and the terminal device may include a hardware structure and a software module, and each function is realized in the form of a hardware structure, a software module, or a hardware structure plus a software module. Some functions of each function can be implemented in the form of a hardware structure, a software module, or a hardware structure plus a software module.

[0104] An embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device, which may be a terminal device (e.g., the terminal device in the above method embodiment), a device in a terminal device, or a device usable in conjunction with a terminal device, or the communication device may be a network device, a device in a network device, or a device usable in conjunction with a network device.

[0105] As shown in FIG. 12, FIG. 12 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application, where the communication device 1200 may include a transceiver module 1201 and a processing module 1202.

[0106] The transceiver module 1201 may include a transmitting module and / or a receiving module, where the transmitting module is used to realize the transmitting function, and the receiving module is used to realize the receiving function, and the transceiver module 1201 may realize the transmitting function and / or the receiving function.

[0107] The communication device 1200 may be a terminal device (e.g., the terminal device in the above method embodiments), a device in a terminal device, or a device usable in conjunction with a terminal device, or the communication device 1200 may be a network device, a device in a network device, or a device usable in conjunction with a network device.

[0108] If the communication device 1200 is a network device, The present invention includes a transceiver module 1201 for instructing a terminal device on a time offset of at least one service beam, wherein the time offset is for adjusting the timing relationship between the network device and the terminal device.

[0109] Optionally, the transceiver module 1201 further explicitly or implicitly indicates a time offset of at least one serving beam to the terminal device.

[0110] Optionally, the transceiver module 1201 further transmits a time offset set to the terminal device, where the time offset set includes a time offset of at least one serving beam.

[0111] Optionally, the transceiver module 1201 further transmits the time offset set to the terminal device through group shared downlink control information.

[0112] Optionally, the transceiver module 1201 further sets a time offset of at least one service beam at a first position in a first downlink control signaling (DCI) and transmits the time offset of the at least one service beam to the terminal device via the first DCI.

[0113] Optionally, the transceiver module 1201 further scrambles the second DCI based on the radio network temporary identifier (RNTI), sets a time offset of at least one service beam at a second position of the scrambled second DCI, and transmits the time offset of the at least one service beam to the terminal device via the second DCI.

[0114] Optionally, the transceiver module 1201 further indicates a time offset of a target serving beam to the terminal device, where the target serving beam is a beam currently used by the terminal device.

[0115] Optionally, the transceiver module 1201 further indicates the time offset of the target serving beam to the terminal device via a random access response.

[0116] Optionally, the transceiver module 1201 further has a mapping relationship between the frequency domain resource where the random access response exists and the time offset of the target serving beam.

[0117] Optionally, the transceiver module 1201 further receives the RNTI and the target service There is a mapping relationship between the time offset of the beam and the time offset of the beam.

[0118] Optionally, the transceiver module 1201 further includes the time offset of the service beam including at least one of an offset parameter of the service beam, an offset amount between the offset parameter of the service beam and a reference offset parameter, a reference offset parameter, and an offset amount between the offset parameter of the service beam and the reference offset parameter.

[0119] If the communication device 1200 is a terminal device, a transceiver module 1201 for determining a time offset of at least one serving beam; a processing module 1202 for performing a timing relationship adjustment based on the time offset.

[0120] Optionally, the transceiver module 1201 further receives a time offset set transmitted from the network device, where the time offset set includes a time offset of at least one serving beam.

[0121] Optionally, the transceiving module 1201 further receives group shared downlink control information sent from the network device, where the group shared downlink control information includes a time offset set.

[0122] Optionally, the transceiver module 1201 further receives a first downlink control signaling (DCI) transmitted from the network device and obtains a time offset of at least one serving beam from a first position of the first DCI.

[0123] Optionally, the transceiver module 1201 further receives a second DCI sent from the network device, and obtains a time offset of at least one service beam from scrambling information in the CRC of the second DCI.

[0124] Optionally, the transceiver module 1201 further receives instruction information sent from the network device and determines a time offset of a target service beam based on the instruction information, where the target service beam is a beam currently used by the terminal device.

[0125] Optionally, the transceiver module 1201 further receives a random access response carrying indication information, and obtains a time offset of the target serving beam based on the indication information.

[0126] Optionally, the transceiver module 1201 further obtains a target frequency domain resource in which a random access response exists, where the target frequency domain resource is indication information, and based on the target frequency domain resource, queries a mapping relationship between the frequency domain resource and the time offset of the beam to obtain a target time offset matching the target frequency domain resource.

[0127] Optionally, the transceiver module 1201 further obtains a target RNTI carried in the random access response, where the target RNTI is indication information, and based on the target RNTI, queries a mapping relationship between the RNTI and the time offset of the service beam to obtain a target time offset matching the target RNTI.

[0128] 13 is a schematic diagram of another communication device 1300 provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. The communication device 1300 may be a network device, a terminal device, a chip, a chip system, a processor, etc. that supports the network device to implement the above method, or a chip, a chip system, a processor, etc. that supports the terminal device to implement the above method. The device can be used to implement the method described in the above method embodiment, and for details, please refer to the description in the above method embodiment.

[0129] The communication device 1300 may include one or more processors 1301. The processor 1301 may be a general-purpose processor or a special-purpose processor, etc. For example, it may be a baseband processor or a central processing unit. The baseband processor can process communication protocols and communication data, and the central processing unit can control a communication device (e.g., a base station, a baseband chip, a terminal device, a terminal device chip, a DU or CU, etc.), execute a computer program, and process data of the computer program.

[0130] Optionally, the communication device 1300 may further include one or more memories 1302, in which computer programs 1304 may be stored, and the processor 1301 executes the computer programs 1304 so that the communication device 1300 performs the methods described in the above method embodiments. Optionally, the memory 1302 may store data. The communication device 1300 and the memory 1302 may be configured separately or integrated together.

[0131] Optionally, the communication device 1300 may further include a transceiver 1305 and an antenna 146. The transceiver 1305 may be referred to as a transceiver unit, transceiver, or transceiver circuit, etc., and is used to realize a transmitting and receiving function. The transceiver 1305 may include a receiver and a transmitter, and the receiver may be referred to as a receiver or receiving circuit, etc., and is used to realize a receiving function, and the transmitter may be referred to as a transmitter or transmitting circuit, etc., and is used to realize a transmitting function.

[0132] Optionally, the communication device 1300 may further include one or more interface circuits 1307. The interface circuit 1307 is used to receive and transmit code instructions to the processor 1301. The processor 1301 executes the code instructions so that the communication device 1300 performs the methods described in the above method embodiments.

[0133] If the communication apparatus 1300 is a network device, the transceiver 1305 executes step S10 in FIG. 2, step S30 in FIG. 6, and so on.

[0134] If the communication apparatus 1300 is a terminal device, the transceiver 1305 executes step S50 in FIG. 9, step S60 in FIG. 10, step S70 in FIG. 11, etc., and the processor 1301 executes step S51 in FIG.

[0135] In one implementation, the processor 1301 may include a transceiver for implementing receiving and transmitting functions. For example, the transceiver may be a transceiver circuit, an interface, or an interface circuit. The transceiver circuit, interface, or interface circuit for implementing receiving and transmitting functions may be separate or integrated. The transceiver circuit, interface, or interface circuit may be used to read and write code / data, or the transceiver circuit, interface, or interface circuit may be used to transmit or communicate signals.

[0136] In one implementation, the processor 1301 can store a computer program 1303, which executes on the processor 1301, thereby enabling the communication device 1300 to perform the methods described in the above method embodiments. The computer program 1303 can be fixed to the processor 1301, in which case the processor 1301 can be implemented by hardware.

[0137] In one implementation, the communications device 1300 can include circuitry that can implement the transmit, receive, or communication functionality of the method embodiments described above. The processors and transceivers described in this disclosure can be implemented in integrated circuits (ICs), analog ICs, radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs), mixed-signal ICs, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), printed circuit boards (PCBs), electronic devices, etc. The processors and transceivers can be fabricated using various IC process technologies, such as complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), n-type metal oxide semiconductor (nMOS), p-type metal oxide semiconductor (PMOS), bipolar junction transistor (BJT), bipolar CMOS (BiCMOS), silicon germanium (SiGe), gallium arsenide (GaAs), etc.

[0138] The communication device described in the above embodiments may be a network device or a terminal device, but the scope of the communication device in the description of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the structure of the communication device may not be limited by FIG. 13. The communication device may be an independent device or a part of a larger device. For example, the communication device may be any of the following (1) to (6). (1) An independent integrated circuit IC or chip, or a chip system or subsystem. (2) A set having one or more ICs, optionally the set of ICs may include a memory element for storing data, computer programs. (3) ASIC, such as a modem. (4) Modules that can be embedded within other devices. (5) Receivers, terminal devices, intelligent terminal devices, cellular phones, wireless devices, handhelds, mobile units, in-vehicle devices, network devices, cloud devices, artificial intelligence devices, etc. (6)Others.

[0139] In the case where the communication device may be a chip or a chip system, please refer to the structural schematic diagram of the chip shown in Figure 14. The chip shown in Figure 14 includes a processor 1401 and an interface 1402. Here, the number of processors 1401 may be one or more, and the number of interfaces 1402 may be more than one.

[0140] When the chip is used to realize the functions of the terminal device in the embodiment of the present application, The interface 1402 executes step S10 in FIG. 2, step S30 in FIG. 6, and the like.

[0141] When the chip is used to realize the functions of a network device in an embodiment of the present application, The interface 1402 executes step S50 in FIG. 9, step S60 in FIG. 10, step S70 in FIG. 11, etc., and the processor 1301 executes step S51 in FIG.

[0142] Optionally, the chip further includes a memory 1403, which is used to store necessary computer programs and data.

[0143] As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the various illustrative logical blocks and steps described in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be realized by electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. Whether such functions are realized by hardware or software is determined by specific applications and overall system design requirements. Those skilled in the art can realize the above functions using various methods for each specific type of application, but such realization should not be understood as exceeding the scope of protection of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0144] An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a system for adjusting the maximum number of transmission layers, the system including a communication device that is a terminal device in the embodiment of Figure 12 described above (e.g., a terminal device in the method embodiment described above) and a communication device that is a network device, or the system including a communication device that is a terminal device in the embodiment of Figure 13 described above (e.g., a terminal device in the method embodiment described above) and a communication device that is a network device.

[0145] The present disclosure further provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed, cause the functionality of any one of the above method embodiments to be realized.

[0146] The present disclosure further provides a computer program product, which, when executed by a computer, implements the functions of any one of the above method embodiments.

[0147] In the above embodiments, all or part of the implementation may be implemented in software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, all or part of the implementation may be in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer programs. When loaded and executed on a computer, the computer programs generate all or part of the flows or functions described in the embodiments of the present disclosure. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer program may be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, radio, microwave, etc.) methods. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium accessible by a computer, or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available media may be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks), optical media (e.g., high-density digital video discs (DVDs)), or semiconductor media (e.g., solid state drives (SSDs)).

[0148] As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the various numerals, such as first, second, etc., used in the present disclosure are used for ease of explanation and do not limit the scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure or represent a priority order.

[0149] At least one of the present disclosure may be described as one or more, and more may be two, three, four or more, and is not limited in the present disclosure. In the present disclosure, for one technical feature, the technical feature is distinguished by "first", "second", "third", "A", "B", "C", and "D", etc., and there is no order of priority or magnitude among the technical features described by "first", "second", "third", "A", "B", "C", and "D".

[0150] The correspondences shown in each table in the present disclosure may be preset or predefined. The possible values ​​of information in each table are merely examples, and other values ​​may be set; the present disclosure is not limited thereto. When setting the correspondences between information and each parameter, it is not necessary to set all of the correspondences shown in each table. For example, the correspondences shown by specific rows in the tables in the present disclosure do not need to be set. Appropriate modifications and adjustments, such as division and merging, may also be made based on the tables. The names of the parameters indicated by the titles of the tables may also be other names understandable to the communication device, and the possible values ​​or display methods of the parameters may also be other values ​​or display methods understandable to the communication device. The tables may be implemented using other data structures, such as arrays, queues, containers, stacks, linear lists, pointers, linked lists, trees, graphs, structures, classes, heaps, hash tables, or hash tables.

[0151] Predefined in the present disclosure can be understood as defined, predefined, stored, pre-stored, pre-agreed, pre-set, fixed, or pre-baked.

[0152] As those skilled in the art will appreciate, the units and algorithm steps of each example described in the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software is determined by the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can implement the described functions using different methods according to each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered as going beyond the scope of the present disclosure.

[0153] As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, for the convenience of explanation, the specific operation processes of the above-described systems, devices and units are to be referred to the corresponding processes in the above-described method embodiments, and detailed explanations thereof will be omitted here.

[0154] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present disclosure, and the scope of protection of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that a person skilled in the art can easily make within the technical scope disclosed in the present disclosure should be included in the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present disclosure should also be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. 1. A method for adjusting a timing relationship performed by a network device, the method comprising: indicating a time offset of at least one serving beam to a terminal device, the time offset being for adjusting a timing relationship between the network device and the terminal device; The time offset of the serving beam is an offset parameter of the serving beam; an offset amount between the offset parameter of the service beam and a reference offset parameter; The step of indicating a time offset of the at least one serving beam to a terminal device includes: scrambling the second DCI based on a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI); setting a time offset of the at least one serving beam to a second position of the scrambled second DCI, and transmitting the time offset of the at least one serving beam to the terminal device by the second DCI; A timing relationship adjustment method.

2. The step of indicating a time offset of the at least one serving beam to a terminal device includes: transmitting a time offset set including a time offset of at least one serving beam to the terminal device; 2. The timing relationship adjustment method according to claim 1.

3. The step of transmitting the time offset set to the terminal device comprises: transmitting the time offset set to the terminal device by group shared downlink control information; 3. The timing relationship adjusting method according to claim 2.

4. 1. A method for adjusting a timing relationship performed by a terminal device, the method comprising: determining a time offset of at least one serving beam; adjusting a timing relationship based on the time offset; The time offset of the serving beam is an offset parameter of the serving beam; an offset amount between the offset parameter of the service beam and a reference offset parameter; determining a time offset of the at least one serving beam; receiving a second DCI transmitted from a network device; and obtaining a time offset of the at least one serving beam from scrambling information in a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of the second DCI; A timing relationship adjustment method.

5. determining a time offset of the at least one serving beam; receiving a time offset set transmitted from a network device, the time offset set including a time offset of at least one serving beam; 5. The timing relationship adjusting method according to claim 4.

6. The step of receiving a set of time offsets transmitted from the network device includes: receiving group shared downlink control information transmitted from the network device, the group shared downlink control information including the time offset set; 6. The timing relationship adjusting method according to claim 5.

7. A communication device, the communication device being a network device; a transceiver module for indicating a time offset of at least one serving beam to a terminal device, the time offset being for adjusting a timing relationship between the network device and the terminal device; The time offset of the serving beam is an offset parameter of the serving beam; an offset amount between the offset parameter of the service beam and a reference offset parameter; Indicating a time offset of the at least one serving beam to a terminal device includes: scrambling the second DCI based on a radio network temporary identifier (RNTI); setting a time offset of the at least one serving beam at a second position of the scrambled second DCI, and transmitting the time offset of the at least one serving beam to the terminal device by the second DCI; A communication device comprising:

8. A communication device, a transceiver module for determining a time offset of at least one serving beam; a processing module for adjusting a timing relationship based on the time offset; The time offset of the serving beam is an offset parameter of the serving beam; an offset amount between the offset parameter of the service beam and a reference offset parameter; Determining a time offset of the at least one serving beam comprises: receiving a second DCI transmitted from a network device; and obtaining a time offset of the at least one serving beam from scrambling information in a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) of the second DCI; A communication device comprising:

9. A communication device, the apparatus includes a processor and a memory; The memory stores a computer program; The processor executes a computer program stored in the memory, thereby causing the device to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3. A communication device comprising:

10. A communication device, the apparatus includes a processor and a memory; The memory stores a computer program; The processor executes a computer program stored in the memory, thereby causing the device to perform the method according to any one of claims 4 to 6. A communication device comprising:

11. A communication device, a processor and an interface circuit; the interface circuit receives and transmits code instructions to the processor; The processor executes the code instructions to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3. A communication device comprising:

12. A communication device, a processor and an interface circuit; the interface circuit receives and transmits code instructions to the processor; The processor executes the code instructions to perform the method according to any one of claims 4 to 6. A communication device comprising:

13. A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, When said instructions are executed, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is realized. A computer-readable storage medium comprising:

14. A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon, When said instructions are executed, the method according to any one of claims 4 to 6 is realized. A computer-readable storage medium comprising:

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