Test bench for monitoring the operating state of a caving mechanism and its operating method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a test bench for monitoring the operating state of a cabling mechanism and an operating method thereof. The test bench of the present invention includes a hydraulic support, a hydraulic support attitude control device, a rear scraper conveyor, a rear scraper conveyor attitude control device, a floor simulation device, a host computer, and a controller. The hydraulic support is arranged on the hydraulic support attitude control device, the rear scraper conveyor is arranged on the rear scraper conveyor attitude control device, the hydraulic support attitude control device and the rear scraper conveyor attitude control device are arranged on the floor simulation device, and the hydraulic support, the hydraulic support attitude control device, the rear scraper conveyor attitude control device, and the floor simulation device are respectively connected to the host computer by the controller. The data obtained by the simulation of the monitoring test bench proposed in the present invention has a reference significance for intelligent cabling in actual sub-level caving mining, can maximize the recovery rate of outcrop coal regardless of the working conditions of sub-level caving mining, and has high economic value and practical significance for the recovery of outcrop coal.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a test bench for monitoring the operating state of a caving mechanism and its operating method, and belongs to the technical field of sub-level caving support simulation experimental equipment. [Background technology]

[0002] Sublevel caving supports have evolved from low-level skylight-type single conveyors to mid-level skylight-type double conveyors, and finally to the currently widely used low-level sublevel caving support. The main equipment for low-level sublevel caving mining technology consists of a low-level sublevel caving support and a double conveyor. During caving, the rear canopy swings downward to open the caving mouth, allowing the exposed coal to fall through the mouth and onto the rear scraper conveyor. However, during caving, the caving mouth and rear scraper conveyor are easily misaligned, resulting in the exposed coal not falling completely into the rear scraper conveyor but scattering outside, resulting in a low recovery rate. The underground environment and conditions are complex, research costs are high, and modifying hydraulic support models is difficult. Different hydraulic support models and structures make it impossible to investigate the operating status of the caving mechanism under different working conditions, nor to investigate the operating status of the caving mechanism when the hydraulic support is in an unnatural position.

[0003] A search revealed that Patent Document 1 discloses a similar simulation test bench for coal mining faces suitable for various models of hydraulic supports. The test bench includes a bed plate, the bed plate includes a ladder and a stabilizing block, the top of the ladder is grooved, a rotating device is rotatably connected to the top of both the ladder and the stabilizing block, a hydraulic loading device is movably connected to the top of the rotating device, the rotating device includes a rotatable connecting holder, a support jack is rotatably connected to the top of the rotatable connecting holder, and the top of the support jack is rotatably connected to the surface of the hydraulic loading device via the rotatable connecting holder. This relates to the field of coal mining technology, and various models of hydraulic supports can be simulated by changing the positions of two hinges on the top plate, bottom plate, shield plate, hydraulic movable column, and link of the multi-functional hydraulic support, thereby greatly improving the load capacity and data accuracy, and enabling three-dimensional simulation experiments of various models of hydraulic supports and various mining environments on the same experimental platform.

[0004] Patent Document 2 discloses an experimental device based on dynamic simulation of coal face support and support movement. The experimental device includes an angle-adjustable bedplate, a load test bench, a model variable hydraulic support, a rock specimen, a sliding bedplate, a signal acquisition system, and a signal processing system. The angle-adjustable bedplate includes a bottom plate, a pressure plate, and a front and rear link of the bedplate, all connected to each other by hinges. The load test bench is placed on the angle-adjustable bedplate, and the model variable hydraulic support is placed below the load pad and above the sliding bedplate. The rock specimen is placed above the upper beam of the support and below the bedplate of the support. The sliding bedplate is placed above the pressure plate of the angle-adjustable bedplate and below the bottom rock specimen. The signal acquisition system includes a crack signal sensor, a crack signal amplifier, a pressure collector, and a pressure sensor. The signal processing system includes a pressure oscilloscope and a waveform analyzer. This invention can realize simulation research of the combined effects of various mining conditions.

[0005] However, most of the known published patent documents are dynamic simulation experiments on the operating state of the hydraulic support itself, the support and support movement, and monitoring tests on the operating state of the caving mechanism. In other words, there is currently no test system that monitors the operating state of the caving mechanism and the entire rear scraper conveyor. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] CN108827673A [Patent Document 2] CN104807666A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] In response to the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a test bench for monitoring the operating state of a caving mechanism for simulating and monitoring the operating state of a caving mechanism and a rear scraper conveyor of a sub-level caving support. The present invention also provides a method of operating a test bench for monitoring the operational status of a caving mechanism. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0009] A test bench for monitoring the operating state of a caving mechanism, The apparatus includes a hydraulic support, a hydraulic support attitude control device, a rear scraper conveyor, a rear scraper conveyor attitude control device, a bottom plate simulation device, a host computer, and a controller, the hydraulic support is disposed in a hydraulic support attitude control device, the rear scraper conveyor is disposed in a rear scraper conveyor attitude control device, and the hydraulic support attitude control device and the rear scraper conveyor attitude control device are disposed in a bottom plate simulation device; The hydraulic support, the hydraulic support attitude control device, the rear scraper conveyor attitude control device and the bottom plate simulation device are each connected to a host computer by a controller.

[0010] Preferably, the hydraulic support attitude control device and the rear scraper conveyor attitude control device both include an upper top plate, a lower bottom plate, and six jacks, the upper ends and lower ends of the six jacks are connected to the upper top plate and the lower bottom plate respectively, and the six jacks are connected to a host computer by a controller.

[0011] Preferably, the bottom plate simulation device includes four upper top plates, a lower bottom plate, and a jack, each upper top plate being connected to the lower bottom plate by four jacks, and the jacks being connected to a host computer by a controller.

[0012] Preferably, the lower base plate of the hydraulic support attitude control device is connected to the four upper top plates of the base plate simulation device by bolts.

[0013] Preferably, the lower bottom plate of the rear scraper conveyor attitude control device is connected to the two upper top plates of the bottom plate simulation device by bolts.

[0014] Preferably, the hydraulic support includes a roof canopy, a caving shield, a rear canopy, a bed plate, a hydraulic pillar, a front link, and a rear link, and the roof canopy, the caving shield, and the rear canopy are connected in sequence, and the bed plate is provided with a first limiting guide rail, a second limiting guide rail, a rear link movable bed plate, a front link fixed bed plate, a rear row socket fixed bed plate, and a front row socket movable bed plate, and a rear link variable holder is hingedly connected to the rear link, and the bottom end of the rear link variable holder is connected to the rear link movable bed plate, and the rear link movable bed plate is installed in the first limiting guide rail. A front link variable holder is hingedly connected to the front link, the bottom end of the front link variable holder is connected to the front link fixed bed plate, the front link fixed bed plate and the rear link movable bed plate are connected by a first push jack, the bottom end of the hydraulic pillar is respectively connected to the rear row socket fixed bed plate and the front row socket movable bed plate, the rear row socket fixed bed plate and the front row socket movable bed plate are connected by a second push jack, the front row socket movable bed plate is installed in the second limit guide rail, and the first push jack and the second push jack are connected to the host computer by a controller.

[0015] Preferably, the rear link includes a sleeve, a lead screw, a clutch, and a first lead screw motor, the first lead screw motor is connected to the lead screw by the clutch, the lead screw is threaded into the sleeve, the sleeve is hingedly connected to the caving shield, and the first lead screw motor and the clutch are connected to a host computer by a controller.

[0016] Preferably, the front link includes a sleeve, a lead screw, a clutch, and a second lead screw motor, the second lead screw motor is connected to the lead screw by the clutch, the lead screw is threaded into the sleeve, the sleeve is hingedly connected to the caving shield, and the second lead screw motor and the clutch are connected to a host computer by a controller.

[0017] Preferably, the first and second lead screw motors are stepping motors.

[0018] Preferably, the bed plate is connected to the top plate of the hydraulic support attitude control device by bolts.

[0019] Preferably, the rear scraper conveyor is connected to the upper top plate of the rear scraper conveyor attitude control device by bolts.

[0020] Preferably, the caving shield includes a main body, the main body being provided with a rear link fixed hinge connection holder, a front link movable hinge connection holder, a third push jack, and a third limit guide rail, the rear link fixed hinge connection holder being hingedly connected to the sleeve of the rear link, the front link movable hinge connection holder being hingedly connected to the sleeve of the front link, the front link movable hinge connection holder being provided in the third limit guide rail, the rear link fixed hinge connection holder and the front link movable hinge connection holder being connected by the third push jack, and the third push jack being connected to the host computer by a controller.

[0021] Preferably, the monitoring test bench further includes a visual monitoring device, the visual monitoring device including a camera, an image processing module, and a data transmission module, the camera being fixedly connected to a three-way pan head, the three-way pan head being connected to the rear canopy, and the camera being connected to a host computer via the image processing module and the data transmission module. With this design, the camera collects the accumulation status of outcrop coal that has fallen from the caving mechanism onto the rear scraper conveyor, and the image processing module performs basic processing such as sharpening and image segmentation on the collected images, and transmits the data to the host computer for further processing by the host computer to obtain the accumulation status of outcrop coal on the rear scraper conveyor, and determine whether outcrop coal has spilled outside the rear scraper conveyor and whether the rear conveyor is overloaded, unloaded, or lightly loaded.

[0022] 1. A method of operating a test bench for monitoring the operational status of a caving mechanism, comprising: Sending instructions to the controller via the host computer, and using the controller to respectively control the hydraulic pillar, the first lead screw motor, the second lead screw motor, the clutch, the first push jack, the second push jack, and the jacks of each attitude control device to operate, thereby changing the structural parameters of the hydraulic support to simulate different models of support, changing the attitude of the hydraulic support to simulate different working conditions of the support, changing the attitude of the rear scraper conveyor to simulate different working conditions of the conveyor, and changing the attitude of each upper top plate of the bottom plate simulation device to simulate the effects of different working conditions of the support chassis on the operating state of the caving mechanism and the caving of the outcrop coal;

[0023] The method includes a step of obtaining the results of the influence of each structural parameter or working condition on the operating state of the caving mechanism by monitoring the operating state of the caving mechanism under each working condition and the state in which the outcrop coal falls onto the rear scraper conveyor using a visual monitoring device. [Effects of the Invention]

[0024] The technical features and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] 1. This invention proposes a test bench for the first time to monitor the operating status of the caving mechanism and rear scraper conveyor and the caving status of outcrop coal. This test bench has adjustable working conditions and can simulate various support models, caving heights, support postures, caving mechanism pitch angles, rear scraper conveyor operating postures, and rear scraper conveyor positions.

[0026] 2. The data obtained by the simulation of the monitoring test bench proposed in this invention is of reference significance for intelligent caving in actual sublevel caving mining, and can maximize the recovery rate of outcrop coal regardless of the working conditions of sublevel caving mining, which is of great economic value and practical significance for outcrop coal recovery. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0027] [Figure 1] 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a monitoring test bench; [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a hydraulic support. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a hydraulically supported bed plate. [Figure 4] This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hydraulically supported caving shield. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0028] The present invention will now be further described by way of examples with reference to the drawings, but is not limited thereto. Example 1

[0029] As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, this embodiment provides a test bench for monitoring the operating status of the caving mechanism, and includes a hydraulic support, a hydraulic support attitude control device 8, a rear scraper conveyor 4, a rear scraper conveyor attitude control device 5, a bottom plate simulation device 6, a host computer, and a controller. The hydraulic support is disposed in a hydraulic support attitude control device 8, the rear scraper conveyor 4 is disposed in a rear scraper conveyor attitude control device 5, and the hydraulic support attitude control device 8 and the rear scraper conveyor attitude control device 5 are disposed in a bottom plate simulation device 6; The hydraulic support, hydraulic support attitude control device 8, rear scraper conveyor attitude control device 5, and bottom plate simulation device 6 are each connected to a host computer by a controller.

[0030] Specifically, the hydraulic support position control device 8 and the rear scraper conveyor position control device 5 have the same structure. Both include an upper top plate, a lower bottom plate, and six jacks, with the upper and lower ends of the six jacks welded to the upper and lower ends, respectively. The six jacks are connected to a host computer via a controller. The six jacks receive control signals from the host computer and are controlled to extend and retract, thereby simulating various positions of the hydraulic support bed plate 9, such as pitching, inclination, and horizontality, and further examining the impact of various positions of the hydraulic support on the operating state of the caving mechanism. By adjusting the extension and retraction length of the jacks by a predetermined amount, various degrees of inclination can be accurately simulated and further quantitatively analyzed.

[0031] The bottom plate simulation device 6 includes four top plates, a bottom plate, and jacks. Each top plate is connected to a bottom plate by four jacks, which are connected to a host computer via a controller. The top plate's various tilt directions and angles can be controlled by adjusting the extension and retraction of the four jacks. The bottom plate of the bottom plate simulation device 6 is fixed to the ground with anchor bolts, and the jacks are connected to the top plate and bottom plate by welding. When the host computer sends commands to the controller, the controller controls the lifting and lowering of the corresponding jacks according to the commands, changing the angle and distance between the bottom plate simulation device and the four top plates and bottom plate. This simulates various tilt directions and tilt magnitudes of the bottom plate with hydraulic support, and simulates the uneven working conditions of the bottom plate with support in a fully mechanized mining face, thereby examining the impact of various bottom plate working conditions on the operating state of the hydraulically supported caving mechanism.

[0032] The lower base plate of the hydraulic support posture control device 8 is connected to the four upper top plates of the base plate simulation device 6 by bolts.

[0033] The lower bottom plate of the rear scraper conveyor attitude control device 5 is connected to the two upper top plates of the bottom plate simulation device 6 by bolts.

[0034] The hydraulic support includes a roof canopy 1, a caving shield 2, a rear canopy 3, a bed plate 9, four hydraulic pillars 12, a front link 11, and a rear link 10. The roof canopy 1, the caving shield 2, and the rear canopy 3 are connected in sequence. The bed plate 9 is provided with a first limiting guide rail 13, a second limiting guide rail 22, a rear link movable bed plate 15, a front link fixed bed plate 17, a rear row socket fixed bed plate 19, and a front row socket movable bed plate 21. The rear link 10 is provided with a first limiting guide rail 13, a second limiting guide rail 22, a rear link movable bed plate 15, a front link fixed bed plate 17, a rear row socket fixed bed plate 19, and a front row socket movable bed plate 21. A rear link adjustable holder 14 is hinged, and the bottom end of the rear link adjustable holder 14 is connected to a rear link movable bed plate 15, which is slidably mounted within a first limit guide rail 13. A front link adjustable holder 18 is hinged to the front link 11, and the bottom end of the front link adjustable holder 18 is connected to a front link fixed bed plate 17, which are connected to the front link fixed bed plate 17 and the rear link movable bed plate 15 by a first push jack 16. Four hydraulic pillars 12 are installed parallel to each other on both sides, and a rear row socket fixed bed plate 19 and a front row socket movable bed plate 21 are connected to the bottom ends of the two hydraulic pillars on the same side, respectively, at the front and rear, and the rear row socket fixed bed plate 19 and the front row socket movable bed plate 21 are connected by a second push jack 20, and the front row socket movable bed plate 21 is slidably mounted within a second limit guide rail 22. The first push jack 16 and the second push jack 20 are connected to a host computer by a controller.

[0035] The front link fixed bed plate 17 is fixed onto the bed plate 9 by welding, and both ends of the first push jack 16 are fixed to the front link fixed bed plate 17 and the rear link movable bed plate 15 by welding, respectively. The rear link movable bed plate 15 is movable within the first limit guide rail 13 in accordance with the extension and contraction of the first push jack 16, thereby changing the horizontal distance between the hinge connection points of the front link 11, the rear link 10, and the bed plate 9, and the first limit guide rail 13 is fixed onto the bed plate 9 by welding. The front link 11 and the rear link 10 are connected to the front link adjustable holder 18 and the rear link adjustable holder 14 by hinges, respectively. The front link adjustable holder 18 and the rear link adjustable holder 14 are made up of jacks that expand and contract by air supplied by an air pump, and the extension and contraction of the jack changes the vertical height of the hinge connection points of the front link 11, the rear link 10, and the bed plate 9. As the horizontal and vertical distances between the hinge connection points of the front link 11, rear link 10, and bed plate 9 change, the structural parameters of the hydraulic support also change, allowing for simulation of a variety of hydraulic support structures.

[0036] The rear socket-fixed bed plate 19 is fixed to the bed plate 9 by welding, and both ends of the second push jack 20 are fixed to the rear socket-fixed bed plate 19 and the front socket-movable bed plate 21 by welding, respectively. The front socket-movable bed plate 21 moves on the second limit guide rail 22 as the second push jack 20 extends and retracts, thereby changing the distance between the front and rear pillar sockets and simulating various operating positions of the hydraulic support. The second limit guide rail 22 is fixed to the bed plate 9 by welding. This allows for the operation of the hydraulic support caving mechanism and the situation in which outcrop coal falls onto the rear scraper conveyor 4 when the hydraulic support is in various positions, such as tilted forward, backward, or tilted left and right.

[0037] The rear link 10 includes a sleeve, a lead screw, a clutch, and a first lead screw motor 28, the first lead screw motor 28 is connected to the lead screw by a clutch, the lead screw is threaded into a sleeve, the sleeve is hinged to the caving shield, and the first lead screw motor 28 and the clutch are connected to a host computer by a controller.

[0038] The front link 11 includes a sleeve, a lead screw, a clutch, and a second lead screw motor 23, the second lead screw motor 23 is connected to the lead screw by a clutch, the lead screw is threaded into a sleeve, the sleeve is hinged to the caving shield, and the second lead screw motor 23 and the clutch are connected to a host computer by a controller.

[0039] In this embodiment, both the first lead screw motor 28 and the second lead screw motor 23 are stepping motors. When the clutch is open, the lead screw and sleeve move relative to each other and expand and contract in response to the clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of the stepping motor, thereby achieving the purpose of changing the length of the front or rear link structure of the hydraulic support. The length of the front or rear link changes depending on the rotation direction and rotation speed of the stepping motor. Furthermore, the length of the front or rear link does not change depending on the length of other link components such as the four-bar link, but only depending on the rotation speed of the stepping motor. This allows for simulation of the effect on the operating state of the hydraulic support caving mechanism when the length of the four-bar link changes and the angle between the four-bar link changes accordingly.

[0040] When the clutch is closed, the length of the front or rear link does not change depending on the rotation speed of the stepping motor, but the length of the front or rear link changes according to the change in the length of the other link members of the four-bar link, and they are in a linked state. In this case, it is possible to simulate the effect on the operating state of the hydraulic support caving mechanism when the length of the four-bar link changes but the angle between the four-bar links does not change.

[0041] When the stepping motor controller receives a command from the host computer, the controller controls the opening and closing of the clutch according to the command, and also controls the direction and speed of rotation of the stepping motor, thereby controlling the lead screw sleeve to expand and contract by a predetermined length, thereby changing the length of the front link and rear link, and further simulating the support of various structural parameters, expanding the application range of the test bench, and improving the reliability of the test data.

[0042] The bed plate 9 is connected by bolts to the upper top plate of the hydraulic support attitude control device 8. The rear scraper conveyor 4 is connected by bolts to the upper top plate of the rear scraper conveyor attitude control device 5.

[0043] The caving shield 2 includes a main body, which is provided with a rear link fixed hinge connection holder 24, a front link movable hinge connection holder 26, a third push jack 25, and a third limit guide rail 27, the rear link fixed hinge connection holder 24 is hingedly connected to the sleeve of the rear link 10, the front link movable hinge connection holder 26 is hingedly connected to the sleeve of the front link 11, and the front link movable hinge connection holder 26 is slidably mounted within the third limit guide rail 27, the rear link fixed hinge connection holder 24 and the front link movable hinge connection holder 26 are connected by the third push jack 25, and the third push jack 25 is connected to a host computer by a controller.

[0044] The rear link fixed hinge connection holder 24 is fixed onto the caving shield body by welding and connected to the rear link 10 by a hinge, and both ends of the third push jack 25 are fixed onto the rear link fixed hinge connection holder 24 and the front link movable hinge connection holder 26 by welding, respectively, and as the third push jack 25 expands and contracts, the front link movable hinge connection holder 26 moves on the third limit guide rail 27, thereby changing the structure of the hydraulic support four-section link, and the third limit guide rail 27 is fixed onto the caving shield body by welding. Example 2

[0045] The test bench for monitoring the operating state of the caving mechanism has the same structure as that of Example 1, except for the following: the monitoring test bench further includes a visual monitoring device 7, which includes a camera, an image processing module, and a data transmission module, the camera is fixedly connected to a three-way pan head, the three-way pan head is connected to the rear canopy 3, and the camera is connected to a host computer by the image processing module and the data transmission module.

[0046] The visual monitoring device 7 uses a camera to collect images of the accumulation of outcrop coal that has fallen from the caving mechanism onto the rear scraper conveyor, and the image processing module performs basic processing such as sharpening and image segmentation on the collected images, and transmits the data to the host computer, which then performs further processing to determine the accumulation of outcrop coal on the rear scraper conveyor, whether outcrop coal has spilled outside the rear scraper conveyor, and whether the rear scraper conveyor is overloaded, unloaded, or lightly loaded.

[0047] The designed test bench changes the hydraulic support's structural parameters by varying the length of each link member of the four-bar link and the distance between the front and rear sockets. In this way, the host computer sends commands to the controller to vary the hydraulic support's structural parameters and simulate the functions of various support models. The hydraulic support position control device changes the hydraulic support's position to simulate various working conditions, such as the support's forward / backward, left / right tilt, and pitching, and can quantitatively simulate various degrees of tilt. The rear scraper conveyor position control device changes the rear scraper conveyor's position to simulate working conditions, such as the rear scraper conveyor's tilt and inclination, and can further examine the effect of changing the relative position between the hydraulic support and the rear scraper conveyor on the caving mechanism's operating status and the conditions under which outcrop coal falls onto the rear scraper conveyor. The bottom plate simulation device can change the extension and retraction of the various jacks of the device to simulate the impact of different inclination directions, degrees of inclination, and unevenness of the bottom plate of a fully mechanized downhole mining face on the operating state of the hydraulically supported caving mechanism and the impact on the caving of outcrop coal. The visual monitoring device can monitor the operating state of the caving mechanism, the caving of outcrop coal, and the status of the rear scraper conveyor in real time. Using a variable control method, various structural parameters of the hydraulic support are changed to simulate variables such as various parameters of the bottom plate, various parameters of the hydraulic support attitude control device, and various parameters of the rear scraper conveyor attitude control device. The visual monitoring device then monitors the operating state of the caving mechanism under each operating condition and the status of outcrop coal falling onto the rear scraper conveyor, thereby obtaining the impact of each structural parameter or operating condition on the operating state of the caving mechanism. Example 3

[0048] The operating method of the test bench for monitoring the operating state of the caving mechanism described in Example 2 specifically includes the following steps.

[0049] The host computer sends commands to the controller, which then controls and operates the hydraulic pillar 12, the first lead screw motor 28, the second lead screw motor 23, the clutch, the first push jack 16, the second push jack 20 and the jacks of each attitude control device, thereby changing the structural parameters of the hydraulic support to simulate different models of support, changing the attitude of the hydraulic support to simulate different working conditions of the support, changing the attitude of the rear scraper conveyor to simulate different working conditions of the conveyor, and changing the attitude of various upper top plates of the bottom plate simulation device to simulate the effects of various working conditions of the support chassis on the operating state of the caving mechanism and the caving of outcrop coal.

[0050] By using a visual monitoring device to monitor the operating status of the caving mechanism under each working condition and the state in which the outcrop coal falls onto the rear scraper conveyor, the effects of each structural parameter or working condition on the operating status of the caving mechanism are obtained.

[0051] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0052] 1 Roof canopy 2 Caving Shield 3 Rear canopy 4 Rear scraper conveyor 5 Rear scraper conveyor attitude control device 6. Bottom plate simulation device 7 Visual surveillance equipment 8 Hydraulic support attitude control device 9 Bed Plate 10 Rear link 11 Front link 12 Hydraulic pillar 13 First limit guide rail 14 Rear link variable holder 15 Rear link movable bed plate 16 First push jack 17 Front link fixed bed plate 18 Front link variable holder 19 Rear row socket fixing bed plate 20 No. 2 push jack 21 Front row socket movable bed plate 22 Second limit guide rail 23 Second lead screw motor 24 Rear link fixing hinge connection holder 25 Third push jack 26 Front link movable hinge connection holder 27 Third limit guide rail 28 First lead screw motor

Claims

1. A test bench for monitoring the operating state of a caving mechanism, The apparatus includes a hydraulic support, a hydraulic support attitude control device, a rear scraper conveyor, a rear scraper conveyor attitude control device, a bottom plate simulation device, a host computer, and a controller, the hydraulic support is disposed in a hydraulic support attitude control device, the rear scraper conveyor is disposed in a rear scraper conveyor attitude control device, and the hydraulic support attitude control device and the rear scraper conveyor attitude control device are disposed in a bottom plate simulation device; A test bench for monitoring the operating state of a caving mechanism, characterized in that the hydraulic support, hydraulic support attitude control device, rear scraper conveyor attitude control device, and bottom plate simulation device are each connected to a host computer by a controller.

2. A test bench for monitoring the operating state of a caving mechanism as described in claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic support attitude control device and the rear scraper conveyor attitude control device both include an upper top plate, a lower bottom plate, and six jacks, the upper ends and lower ends of the six jacks are connected to the upper top plate and the lower bottom plate respectively, and the six jacks are connected to a host computer by a controller.

3. 2. A test bench for monitoring the operating state of a caving mechanism as described in claim 1, characterized in that the bottom plate simulation device includes four upper top plates, a lower bottom plate, and a jack, each upper top plate is connected to the lower bottom plate by four jacks, and the jacks are connected to a host computer by a controller.

4. The hydraulic support includes a roof canopy, a caving shield, a rear canopy, a bed plate, a hydraulic pillar, a front link, and a rear link, and the roof canopy, the caving shield, and the rear canopy are connected in sequence, and the bed plate is provided with a first limiting guide rail, a second limiting guide rail, a rear link movable bed plate, a front link fixed bed plate, a rear row socket fixed bed plate, and a front row socket movable bed plate, and a rear link variable holder is hingedly connected to the rear link, and the bottom end of the rear link variable holder is connected to the rear link movable bed plate, and the rear link movable bed plate is installed in the first limiting guide rail, and the front link is provided with a front link variable holder are hingedly connected, the bottom end of the front link variable holder is connected to the front link fixed bed plate, the front link fixed bed plate and the rear link movable bed plate are connected by a first push jack, the bottom end of the hydraulic pillar is respectively connected to the rear row socket fixed bed plate and the front row socket movable bed plate, the rear row socket fixed bed plate and the front row socket movable bed plate are connected by a second push jack, the front row socket movable bed plate is installed in a second limit guide rail, and the first push jack and the second push jack are connected to a host computer by a controller.

5. 5. A test bench for monitoring the operating state of a caving mechanism as described in claim 4, characterized in that the rear link includes a sleeve, a lead screw, a clutch, and a first lead screw motor, the first lead screw motor is connected to the lead screw by a clutch, the lead screw is threaded into the sleeve, the sleeve is hingedly connected to the caving shield, and the first lead screw motor and the clutch are connected to a host computer by a controller.

6. 6. A test bench for monitoring the operating state of a caving mechanism as described in claim 5, characterized in that the front link includes a sleeve, a lead screw, a clutch, and a second lead screw motor, the second lead screw motor is connected to the lead screw by a clutch, the lead screw is threaded into the sleeve, the sleeve is hingedly connected to the caving shield, and the second lead screw motor and the clutch are connected to a host computer by a controller.

7. 3. A test bench for monitoring the operating state of a caving mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the rear scraper conveyor is connected to an upper top plate of a rear scraper conveyor attitude control device by a bolt.

8. 7. A test bench for monitoring the operating state of a caving mechanism as described in claim 6, characterized in that the caving shield includes a main body, the main body is provided with a rear link fixed hinge connection holder, a front link movable hinge connection holder, a third push jack, and a third limit guide rail, the rear link fixed hinge connection holder is hingedly connected to the sleeve of the rear link, the front link movable hinge connection holder is hingedly connected to the sleeve of the front link, and the front link movable hinge connection holder is provided in the third limit guide rail, the rear link fixed hinge connection holder and the front link movable hinge connection holder are connected by the third push jack, and the third push jack is connected to a host computer by a controller.

9. 5. A test bench for monitoring the operating status of a caving mechanism as described in claim 4, further comprising a visual monitoring device, the visual monitoring device including a camera, an image processing module, and a data transmission module, the camera being fixedly connected to a three-way head, the three-way head being connected to the rear canopy, and the camera being connected to a host computer by the image processing module and the data transmission module.

10. A method for operating a test bench for monitoring the operating state of a caving mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising: Sending instructions to the controller via the host computer, and using the controller to respectively control the hydraulic pillar, the first lead screw motor, the second lead screw motor, the clutch, the first push jack, the second push jack, and the jacks of each attitude control device to operate, thereby changing the structural parameters of the hydraulic support to simulate different models of support, changing the attitude of the hydraulic support to simulate different working conditions of the support, changing the attitude of the rear scraper conveyor to simulate different working conditions of the conveyor, and changing the attitude of each upper top plate of the bottom plate simulation device to simulate the effects of different working conditions of the support chassis on the operating state of the caving mechanism and the caving of the outcrop coal; An operating method characterized by including a step of obtaining results of the effect of each structural parameter or working condition on the operating state of the caving mechanism by monitoring the operating state of the caving mechanism under each working condition and the situation in which the outcrop coal falls onto the rear scraper conveyor using a visual monitoring device.

Images