Vehicle glass panes with improved resistance to environmental influences

Abstract

To provide a windshield for vehicle capable of securely suppressing a light component which may causes trouble, or is different in kind as low as possible even after a mechanical load, especially, damage to a surface.SOLUTION: There is provided a glass plate for vehicle which includes borosilicate glass, especially, a borosilicate glass plate manufactured by a float method, especially, a glass plate for automobile. The glass plate is 1.1 to 5.4 mm thick, and a surface area for a sensor allocated to the surface area, especially, an optical sensor, advantageously, an optical image sensor, and the inclination (α) of at least the surface area to a direction extending upward at right angles to a main moving direction (V) of a vehicle, especially, a direction extending upward to the main moving direction (V) of the vehicle perpendicularly is 35 to 65°, preferably, within a range of 40 to 60°.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to vehicle glass panes comprising borosilicate glass, constructs and composites comprising the vehicle glass panes. [Background technology]

[0002] During normal operation of a motor vehicle, vehicle glass panes are subjected to many different environmental influences, including mechanical loads from, for example, particulate matter striking them.

[0003] These particles may typically have a variety of shapes, sizes and hardness, but there are typical loading situations in which they exhibit and permanently leave typical damaging properties on the surface of the vehicle glass pane.

[0004] For example, during road construction in a city or town, crushed stone is often spread over newly paved sections of road, and this crushed stone can be picked up by preceding traffic and thrown into following vehicles, for example.

[0005] In this case, glazing, especially glazing containing mineral-based glass, can be particularly sensitive, since these crushed stone granules typically have a higher hardness than conventional automotive glass panes.

[0006] Furthermore, today's vehicles are increasingly equipped with increasingly complex sensor technologies, particularly involving optical sensor devices, often in conjunction with driver assistance systems, in order to enable safer movement, particularly in road traffic, without avoidable obstacles.

[0007] However, these sensor devices and driver assistance systems rely on reliable data collection, which often takes place inside the vehicle and often behind the windshield.

[0008] Thus, the quality of the windshield as a sensor interface between the interior and exterior of the vehicle is becoming increasingly important.

[0009] Insofar as these optical sensor devices include or at least form part of an image acquisition system, the required image quality is crucial for correct sensor recognition by subsequent systems and typically requires that they are able to permanently provide sufficient optical resolution, in particular with adequate contrast.

[0010] However, if scattered light occurs within this optical interface between the exterior and interior of the vehicle and is superimposed on the imaging component of the light detected by the sensor, the contrast of the image provided by the imaging device may be significantly reduced.

[0011] This can be particularly tricky in situations where very bright, especially point-like, light sources have to be recorded together with less bright image areas. Such situations occur regularly in darkness, when oncoming vehicles are present, or when the sun is low in the sky, and can even lead to a complete failure of the optical sensor if the optical interface is of poor quality, especially if the high scattered light component reduces the contrast and makes corresponding reliable imaging and image processing no longer possible.

[0012] In summary, a reliable functioning sensor requires good visibility, especially when driving autonomously. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0013] The invention should ensure that these disturbing or extraneous optical components are still as low as possible even after mechanical stress, in particular after surface damage. [Means for solving the problem]

[0014] This is achieved by a vehicle glazing, in particular an automobile glazing, comprising a borosilicate glass pane, in particular a borosilicate glass pane produced by the float process, which glazing has a thickness of 1.1 mm to 5.4 mm and an area assigned to it for a sensor, in particular an optical sensor, advantageously an optical image sensor, and in which the inclination α of at least this area to a direction S extending perpendicularly upwards to the main direction of vehicle movement V, in particular to a direction extending vertically upwards to the main direction of vehicle movement (V), is in the range of 35° to 65°, preferably 40° to 60°.

[0015] In the present disclosure, the tilt α is measured relative to a direction extending perpendicularly upwards to the direction of travel of the vehicle, counting positively clockwise when the vehicle is traveling to the left as shown in Figures 3 and 12. In the Cartesian coordinate system shown in the figures with orthogonal spatial directions X, Y and Z, it is assumed, without limiting generality and purely by way of example, that the upward or upward extending direction S extends in the Z direction, i.e. vertically upwards, and that the direction of travel of the vehicle extends in the negative Y direction. Here, it would be generally advantageous if the absolute value of the scattered light generated is not only low, but also if its dependence on the damage direction is as low as possible.

[0016] In this case, even in curved vehicle glass panes, it is often possible to find a position of use for the sensor area which, in addition to the aforementioned advantages, still exhibits the highest possible long-term operational durability despite damage.

[0017] The present disclosure also assumes that the primary direction of movement of the vehicle is determined by the vehicle's parallel movement relative to a plane located below the vehicle, preferably a horizontal plane. When determining the primary direction of movement, the vehicle does not accelerate or decelerate, the vehicle's direction of travel does not change, and the plane along which the vehicle travels preferably extends horizontally and therefore does not change in height, so that the vehicle's height does not increase or decrease during its travel. This allows the inclination angle α to be specified very precisely, and in particular, the arrangement of the borosilicate glass panes on or in the vehicle allows their defined alignment relative to the vehicle's normal direction of travel, and in particular the results of tests such as the Splittriesel test, to be applied to real driving situations. Furthermore, this primary direction of movement covers the majority of real driving situations in which the direction of travel of a vehicle equipped with a borosilicate glass pane according to the present invention deviates from the above-defined primary direction of travel by only a small angle.

[0018] For vehicles, in particular those exposed to high particulate loads, particularly those used in harsh operating environments where more than 50% of the particulate matter originates from areas higher than the borosilicate glass plate and strikes at an average angle β1 relative to the vehicle's main direction of travel, the inclination α of at least the surface area assigned to the sensor relative to a direction S extending perpendicularly upwards relative to the vehicle's main direction of travel V may be in the range of 35°+β1 to 65°. Such particulate loads may occur, for example, in quarries, during stone mining, or in agriculture.

[0019] Particulate matter is considered herein to be particles that exist as solids and are normally encountered in everyday vehicle driving conditions. The particulate matter referred to in the angle designations in the preceding and following paragraphs corresponds to a particle weighing approximately 0.1 g, i.e., 0.0001 kg, present in a single piece, as measured, for example, in a crushed stone trickle test, as described in more detail below. However, if more than 50% of the particulate matter originates from an area lower than the borosilicate glass plate and impacts at an average angle β2 relative to the vehicle's main direction of travel, the inclination α of at least the surface area assigned to the sensor relative to a direction extending upward perpendicular to the vehicle's main direction of travel V may be in the range of 35° to 60°-β2. Such particulate matter loads may occur, for example, in road and bridge construction.

[0020] In certain embodiments, the borosilicate glass sheet may exhibit curvature in at least some areas. In these cases, it is desirable that the tangents T1, T2 of the surfaces of the borosilicate glass sheet located within the areal area allocated to the sensor have an inclination α in the range of 35° to 60° with respect to a direction S extending upward perpendicular to the main direction of travel of the vehicle.

[0021] The surface area assigned to the sensor can be located, for example, within the upper third, preferably within the upper fifth, of the borosilicate glass plate defined in the installation position.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the borosilicate glass plate may be heat-strengthened. In an embodiment using a heat-strengthened borosilicate glass plate, the compressive stress near the surface may have a value of 100 MPa to 300 MPa.

[0023] In a more preferred embodiment, the borosilicate glass plate may be chemically strengthened. In an embodiment using a chemically strengthened borosilicate glass plate, the compressive stress C near the surface may include a value of 100 MPa to 300 MPa. In an embodiment using a chemically strengthened borosilicate glass plate, the depth DoL of the compressive stress zone may be 25 μm to 50 μm.

[0024] Advantageously, the borosilicate glass plate comprises or consists of borosilicate glass having the following composition of components (% by weight): SiO270~87 B2O37~25 Na2O+K2O 0.5~9 Al2O30~7 CaO 0-3

[0025] The advantageous properties of borosilicate glass, which will be described in more detail below, particularly with respect to the crushed stone trickle test, can be obtained in particular with the above-mentioned composition.

[0026] Further embodiments of the borosilicate glass sheet may comprise or consist of borosilicate glass having the following composition of components (by weight): SiO270~86 Al2O30~5 B2O39.0~25 Na2O 0.5~5.0 K2O 0~1.0 Li2O 0~1.0

[0027] The above composition is preferably used in combination with additional conditions in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Since these additional conditions can be more advantageously formulated in mole percent units, the composition of the borosilicate glass disclosed above is first shown in mole percent terms.

[0028] Here, for each oxide, a uniquely defined lower and upper limit of the mole % composition range is given, which also corresponds to a concentration range in mole % for that oxide, respectively, so that the mole % compositions corresponding to all the above weight % composition ranges can be written as follows: SiO271.8~88.7 B2O37.8~22.7 Al2O30~3.1 Na2O 0.5~5.1 K2O 0~0.6 Li2O 0.0~2.1

[0029] This additional condition arises from relationships that are explained in more detail below.

[0030] In the presence of alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides, boron and aluminum ions tend to attract the oxygen, i.e., the oxygen originally bonded to the alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides, and coordinate tetrahedrally, so that the tetrahedra thus formed fit better into the network structure that is essentially built up of silicon oxide tetrahedra.

[0031] In this case, aluminum ions take priority (see Sebastian Bruns, Tobias Uesbeck, Dominik Weil, Doris Moencke, Leo van Wuellen, Karsten Durst and Dominique de Ligny, Influence of Al2O3Addition on Structure and Mechanical Properties of Borosilicate Glasses, Front. Mater., 28 July 2020), so boron ions are left behind when there is not enough oxygen ion available from the alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides. In this case, these boron atoms are coordinated in a triangular configuration.

[0032] The trigonal boron fraction is calculated in mole percent as follows: c B2O3,trigonal =c B2O3 +c Al2O3 -c Na2O -c K2O -c Li2O Here, "c" indicates the respective concentrations in mol%. B2O3 indicates the total concentration of B2O3, and c B2O3,trigonal indicates the proportion of triangular configurations calculated in this way. c B2O3,trigonalis the concentration of triangularly bonded boron (mol %), c B2O3 is the concentration of boron oxide B2O3 (mol%), c Al2O3 is the concentration of aluminum oxide Al2O3 (mol %), c Na2O is the concentration of sodium oxide NaO (mol%), c K2O is the concentration of potassium oxide KO (mol%), c Li2O is the concentration (mol %) of lithium oxide Li2O.

[0033] Therefore, the above concentration c B2O3、 c Al2O3、 c Na2O、 c K2O、 c Li2O corresponds to the compositional percentage, in mole percent, of each subscripted oxide for all compositional data for borosilicate glasses disclosed herein.

[0034] c B2O3,trigonal It is advantageous for σ to be greater than 0, because the three trigonally coordinated boron atoms join together to form a planar structure, a boroxole ring (see Christian Hermansen, Quantitative Evaluation of Densification and Crack Resistance in Silicate Glasses, Master Thesis, Aalborg University, Denmark, July 5, 2011). The boroxole rings tend to aggregate, allowing adjacent boroxole rings to slide against each other.

[0035] These boroxole rings aggregate in the borosilicate glass network, forming layered domains. Parallel to these layers, the glass network can absorb forces without bond severance. This improves the brittle fracture behavior of the glass, achieving the particularly improved chipping resistance disclosed herein. Detection of the boroxole structural components can be achieved, for example, using B-MAS-NMR analysis.

[0036] Thus, the aggregated boroxol rings in the borosilicate glass network form a kind of internal "lubricant" that reduces brittleness and therefore surface damage, under the following conditions:

[0037] On the other hand, if the proportion of triangular boron atoms is too high, the diffusing hydroxyl ions can move very quickly along the above-mentioned "gliding plane," which is undesirable in terms of chemical resistance, especially alkali resistance.

[0038] However, sufficient alkali resistance is particularly important for the long-term operational durability of automotive glass panes, since automotive glass panes are frequently exposed to alkaline loads during operation, which can be caused, for example, by environmental influences or during cleaning, e.g., at a car wash, or even by additives in windshield washer fluids.

[0039] Therefore, for the compositions given above in mol % of the borosilicate glasses of the first group, it is preferred that cB2O3,trigonal is at least 3 mol %, preferably at least 5 mol %, particularly preferably at least 7 mol %, even more preferably at least 9 mol %, but at most 11 mol %, preferably at most 10 mol %.

[0040] Thus, the compositions of the borosilicate glasses of the first group, expressed in mole percent, generally hold as follows: B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-Li2O≧3 mol%, and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-Li2O≦11 mol%

[0041] Therefore, for preferred embodiments, the following also holds: B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-Li2O≧5 mol%, and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-Li2O≦10 mol%

[0042] Therefore, for particularly preferred embodiments of the borosilicate glasses of the first group, the following also holds: B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-Li2O≧7 mol%, and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-Li2O≦9 mol%

[0043] Therefore, for very particularly preferred embodiments of the borosilicate glasses of the first group, the following also holds: B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-Li2O≧9 mol%, and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-Li2O≦10 mol%

[0044] For the second group of borosilicate glasses, which are particularly alkali-resistant, B2O3,trigonal is at least 2 mol %, preferably at least 4 mol %, particularly preferably at least 6 mol %, but at most 10 mol %, preferably at most 8 mol %.

[0045] Therefore, for the borosilicate glasses of the second group, the following holds in general: B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-Li2O≧2 mol%, and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-Li2O≦10 mol%

[0046] Therefore, for preferred embodiments of the second group of borosilicate glasses, the following also holds: B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-Li2O≧4 mol%, and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-Li2O≦8 mol%

[0047] Therefore, for particularly preferred embodiments of the second group of borosilicate glasses, the following also holds: B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-Li2O≧6 mol%, and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-Li2O≦8 mol%

[0048] Yet another embodiment of the borosilicate glass sheet comprises the following components (by weight): SiO278.3~81.0 B2O39.0~13.0 Al2O33.5~5.3 Na2O 3.5~6.5 K2O 0.0 to 2.0, preferably 0.3 to 2.0 CaO 0.0~2.0 The glass may also comprise or consist of a borosilicate glass having the composition:

[0049] The above composition is also preferably used in combination with additional conditions in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Since these additional conditions can be more advantageously formulated in mole percent units, the composition of the borosilicate glass disclosed above is first shown in mole percent terms.

[0050] For each oxide, a uniquely defined lower or upper limit of the mole percent composition range is given, which also corresponds to a concentration range in mole percent for that oxide, respectively. Thus, the mole percent compositions corresponding to all of the above weight percent composition ranges can be written as follows: SiO280.7~84.3 B2O38.0~11.6 Al2O32.2~3.2 Na2O 3.5~6.5 K2O 0.2~1.3 CaO 0.0~2.2

[0051] where the additional conditions are: c B2O3,trigonal =c B2O3 +cAl2O3 -c Na2O- c K2O- c CaO

[0052] Therefore, for the compositions of the first group of borosilicate glasses shown above in mole percent, B2O3,trigonal is preferably at least 3 mol %, particularly preferably at least 5 mol %, particularly preferably at least 7 mol %, even more preferably at least 9 mol %, but at most 11 mol %, preferably at most 10 mol %.

[0053] Thus, the compositions of the borosilicate glasses of the first group, expressed in mole percent, generally hold as follows: B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-CaO≧3 mol%, and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-CaO≦11 mol% For preferred embodiments of the first group of borosilicate glasses the following also holds: B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-CaO≧5 mol%, and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-CaO≦10 mol%

[0054] Therefore, for particularly preferred embodiments of the borosilicate glasses of the first group, the following also holds: B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-CaO≧7 mol%, and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-CaO≦9 mol%

[0055] Therefore, for very particularly preferred embodiments of the borosilicate glasses of the first group, the following also holds: B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-CaO ≥ 9 mol%, and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-CaO≦10 mol%

[0056] For the second group of borosilicate glasses, which are particularly alkali-resistant, B2O3,trigonalis at least 2 mol %, preferably at least 4 mol %, particularly preferably at least 6 mol %, but at most 10 mol %, preferably at most 8 mol %.

[0057] Therefore, for the borosilicate glasses of the second group, the following holds in general: B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-CaO≧2 mol%, and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-CaO≦10 mol%

[0058] Therefore, for preferred embodiments of the second group of borosilicate glasses, the following also holds: B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-CaO≧4 mol%, and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-CaO≦8 mol%

[0059] Therefore, for particularly preferred embodiments of the second group of borosilicate glasses, the following also holds: B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-CaO≧6 mol%, and B2O3+Al2O3-Na2O-K2O-CaO≦8 mol%

[0060] The present disclosure also discloses a composite material including at least one borosilicate glass plate as described above having a thickness of 1.1 mm to 5.4 mm and manufactured by the float process, at least one additional glass plate, and at least one resin interlayer film.

[0061] The additional glass sheets can include or consist of, for example, borosilicate glass or soda lime glass as disclosed herein.

[0062] In this composite, a sensor, in particular an optical sensor, may be arranged between the borosilicate glass pane and the further glass pane, in particular in or near the resin interlayer between the borosilicate glass pane and the further glass pane.

[0063] For example, in a further embodiment that may be provided for retrofitting a conventional vehicle glass pane, the borosilicate glass pane may be arranged at least in front of the surface area allocated to a sensor, in particular an optical sensor, preferably an optical image sensor.

[0064] Such constructions are particularly advantageous when the vehicle glass pane, or the first glass pane of the composite, comprises or consists of, for example, soda-lime glass rather than borosilicate glass, in which case the benefits described in this disclosure are also applicable to conventional vehicle glass panes.

[0065] In many cases, it may be sufficient to arrange the borosilicate glass only in front of the area allocated to the sensors, especially the optical sensors. Replacing this borosilicate glass pane in front of the respective sensor eliminates the need to replace the entire vehicle glass pane, which can result in significant cost savings. These cost savings can be particularly significant in the commercial sector.

[0066] In these embodiments, the resin interlayer disposed between the borosilicate glass pane and the automotive glass pane that includes a first pane that is not borosilicate glass but is in particular soda-lime glass may be advantageously tinted, for example to reduce heat radiation into the interior of the vehicle.

[0067] Due to the advantages described herein, the automotive glass pane may in particular be a windshield, which is typically exposed to higher particulate loads than, for example, panoramic windows located on the roof of a vehicle, or side and rear windows.

[0068] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0069] [Figure 1]FIG. 1 shows a highly schematic diagram of an arrangement for conducting a crushed stone trickle test in a front top view. [Figure 2] FIG. 10 shows a more highly schematic diagram of the setup for conducting a crushed stone trickle test in a frontal top view, further illustrating the impulse of the granular material as occurs in typical vehicle driving situations. [Figure 3] 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a cover glass pane having a borosilicate glass pane according to a first embodiment, the cover glass pane being shown in a normal installation position within a motor vehicle. [Figure 4] 1 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of a glass pane for automobiles having a borosilicate glass pane according to a further embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 1 shows a micrograph of the surface of a soda-lime glass plate subjected to a crushed stone trickle test, in which the surface is exposed to the action of crushed stone particles. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 shows a micrograph of the surface of a borosilicate glass plate subjected to a crushed stone trickle test, in which the surface is exposed to the action of crushed stone particles. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 shows micrographs of the surfaces of a soda-lime glass plate and a borosilicate glass plate subjected to a trickle test in which the surfaces are exposed to the action of crushed stone particles. The micrographs were taken at different inclination angles α′ at which the crushed stone particles collide with the glass plates, and neither the soda-lime glass plate nor the borosilicate glass plate was reinforced. [Figure 8] The micrographs show the surfaces of a soda-lime glass plate and a borosilicate glass plate that were subjected to a crushed stone trickle test, in which the surfaces were exposed to the action of crushed stone particles. The micrographs were taken at different inclination angles α' at which the crushed stone particles collide with the respective glass plates, and the soda-lime glass plate and the borosilicate glass plate were thermally strengthened. [Figure 9]1 shows the haze values ​​obtained as a result of scattered light measurements as a function of the inclination α′ after carrying out a crushed stone trickle test on an unreinforced soda lime glass plate and an unreinforced borosilicate glass plate for a total amount of crushed stone particles of 0.25 kg of working basalt crushed stone. [Figure 10] 1 shows the haze values ​​obtained as a result of scattered light measurements as a function of the inclination α′ after carrying out the crushed stone trickle test on an unreinforced soda-lime glass plate and an unreinforced borosilicate glass plate for a total amount of crushed stone particles of 0.5 kg of working basalt crushed stone. [Figure 11] 1 shows the haze values ​​obtained as a result of scattered light measurements as a function of the inclination α′ after carrying out a crushed stone trickle test on a heat-strengthened soda-lime glass plate and a heat-strengthened borosilicate glass plate for a total amount of crushed stone particles of 0.5 kg of working basalt crushed stone. [Figure 12] 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a vehicle glass pane having a borosilicate glass pane according to a further embodiment, showing angles β1 and β2 of particles impacting the vehicle glass pane. [Figure 13] 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of a further cover glass pane having a borosilicate glass pane according to a further embodiment, in which the borosilicate glass pane covers only a portion of the cover glass pane that does not contain borosilicate glass in order to protect sensors, in particular optical sensors. [Figure 14] 13 is a diagram of FIG. 12 showing a device for examining environments, particularly harsh operating environments where more than 50% of the particulate matter originates from areas higher than the borosilicate glass plate or where more than 50% of the particulate matter originates from areas lower than the borosilicate glass plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0070] In the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment, identical reference numerals respectively designate identical or identically acting components. For better understanding and clarity, the drawings are shown to scale.

[0071] Reference is made below to Figure 1, in which a highly schematic diagram of an arrangement 1 for carrying out a trickle test of crushed stone is shown in a top view from the front. In a container 2 open downwards, there are crushed stone particles 3 which can enter a free fall tube 4 from the container 2 and leave this free fall tube 4 after a free fall distance F in the direction of a glass plate 5, on which the crushed stone particles 3 are each recorded with their respective particle weight and the velocity V obtained along the free fall distance F. max The particle impulse P is determined by r(iesel) They collided.

[0072] To avoid adhesion, each particle 3 was dried before the crushed stone trickle test was carried out, ensuring that only one particle 3 impacted the glass plate 5 independently of the other particles and without forming clumps of particles.

[0073] The glass plates 5 can be arranged at different inclination angles α′, each of which is the angle relative to the horizontal plane 6 along which the crushed stone particles 3 move vertically until they collide with the glass plate 5 .

[0074] The above-mentioned trickle tests were each carried out at a determined inclination angle α′ shown correspondingly in the figure until the entire amount of the respectively indicated crushed stone particles 3 impacted the glass plate 5 .

[0075] For each inclination angle α′, a new glass plate 5 with no surface damage was used for each crushed stone trickle test.

[0076] After carrying out the stone trickle test, each of the glass plates 5 was examined for each of these angles by scattered light measurements using a microscope.

[0077] The free fall height F corresponds to 1.65 m, and the particle velocity when it hits the glass plate 5 is v max corresponds to approximately 5.689 m / s, where v max=√(2gh). The average particle weight of the crushed stone particles was 0.1g, or 0.0001kg. The impulse of the granular material at the time of collision, Pr(proPartikel), was m·v=0.000568973Ns. In Figure 2, this impulse is P r(iesel) The total impulse of all particles was approximately 1.422431896 Ns when the total weight of the particles was 0.25 kg. The total impulse of all particles was approximately 2.844863793 Ns when the total weight of the particles was 0.5 kg. Each particle consisted of granular crushed basalt rock.

[0078] The haze measurements were each carried out using a properly calibrated haze measuring device, in this case a Haze-Gard plus AT-4725 manufactured by BYK-Gardner, in accordance with ASTM D1003 (CIE C).

[0079] Table 1 below shows the scattered light measurements, or haze, obtained when performing the crushed stone trickle test using the above values. Values ​​labeled Haze KN indicate haze values ​​measured for soda-lime glass, and values ​​labeled Haze BS indicate haze values ​​measured for borosilicate glass.

[0080] Neither the soda lime glass plate 5 nor the borosilicate glass plate 5 was reinforced, and 0.25 kg of crushed basalt stone was used at each of the inclination angles α' shown below.

[0081] [Table 1]

[0082] Since the same amount of crushed stone was used under the same conditions when the crushed stone trickle tests were conducted, the probability of double / multiple impacts is the same for each glass type.

[0083] In the case of borosilicate glass, which is less brittle than soda-lime glass, a single impact tends to produce a small dent (dot) on the surface of the glass, but usually does not result in a chip. If the glass is struck again at this point, the crater usually just deepens. In contrast to soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass undergoes more plastic deformation, resulting in less fracture with a haze effect.

[0084] Because soda-lime glass is more brittle than borosilicate glass, multiple impacts can result in chips and nicks. These chips and nicks increase the haze value by creating fractured surface structures (fracture patterns) and, at least in part, by creating multiple optical transitions (air-glass). Each fracture pattern enhances scattered light.

[0085] Furthermore, because the refractive index of soda-lime glass is higher than that of the borosilicate glass used here, defects of the same size in soda-lime glass will have a greater scattering effect and a higher haze value. The refractive index of soda-lime glass is over 1.5, while the refractive index of the borosilicate glass used here was approximately 1.47.

[0086] Figure 5 shows an optical microscope photograph of the surface of a soda-lime glass plate, and Figure 6 shows an optical microscope photograph of the surface of a borosilicate glass plate. Even under the same test conditions, it is clear that the damage surface of the soda-lime glass is much larger than that of the borosilicate glass, respectively, which is in good agreement with the measurement results of scattered light, i.e., haze.

[0087] Also, as shown in Figures 7 and 8, substantially the same results were obtained for all measurements of the tilt angle α'.

[0088] Using Figure 2, we now explain how the results of the crushed stone trickle test can be applied to driving conditions that a vehicle typically encounters in its daily operation.

[0089] FIG. 2 shows a more highly schematic diagram of the arrangement 1 for carrying out the crushed stone trickle test in a top view from the front, in which the impulse P of the granules that occurs in a typical driving situation of a car and that impacts the glass plate 5 is shown. s(trasse) is further shown.

[0090] Having first determined the main direction of travel V of the vehicle, it is then possible to specify the location of the glazing in or on the vehicle relative to the main direction of travel V. By way of example, the cross-section of Figure 3 shows part of a motor vehicle 7, of which only the laminated glazing 8 is shown together with the bodywork parts 9, 10 which hold it.

[0091] If this main direction of movement V extends on a horizontal plane 6 along which the crushed stone particles 3 move vertically until they each impact the glass plate 5 during the rock trickle test, the results obtained during the rock trickle test can be applied to the installation position of the glass plate in the vehicle, as will be explained below in particular with regard to the respective inclination angles α, α'.

[0092] Here, a particle 3' that collides with a glass plate 5 of a vehicle, particularly an automobile, in an actual normal driving situation moves in a direction opposite to the main moving direction V in this case, and generates an impulse P s(trasse) Assume that we have

[0093] In applying the results of the crushed stone trickle test to actual normal driving conditions, in order to avoid deviation of the lateral angle during application, the impulse P r(iesel) and P s(trasse) are shown on a common plane together with the direction N of the normal to the surface 5' of the glass plate 5 at the impact points of the particles 3, 3'.

[0094] By way of example, the main direction of movement V of a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle 7, is determined by its movement parallel to a plane located below the vehicle, in this case a horizontal plane 6, which, as can be seen in FIG. 2, is parallel to the plane spanned by the directions X and Y of the Cartesian coordinate system.

[0095] However, impulse P r(iesel) and P s(trasse) Since the directions of the particles 3 and 5 are perpendicular to each other, in order to apply the results of the crushed stone trickle test to actual normal driving conditions, the inclination angle α' used in the crushed stone trickle test must also be adjusted to correspond to the direction in which the particles 3 collide with the glass plate 5.

[0096] For this reason, this applied inclination angle α is depicted in FIG. 2, where the inclination α of at least this surface area 11 is shown relative to a direction S extending upwards perpendicular to the main direction of movement V of the vehicle.

[0097] With this configuration, the results of the crushed stone trickle test can be applied to normal driving conditions, and the value determined for angle α' can be used for the value of angle α.

[0098] Quite surprisingly, under these real-world, normal driving conditions, a) the respective weights of the particles impacting the glass plate 5; b) the respective velocities of the particles impacting the glass plate 5; c) the shape of the particles impacting the glass plate 5, and d) Material of particles colliding with the glass plate 5 However, it was found that the results obtained with the crushed stone particles used in the crushed stone trickle test were also applicable to actual normal driving conditions, even though they did not need to match the particles used in the crushed stone trickle test.

[0099] Nevertheless, due to the applicability of these results recognized by the inventors, the advantages of the present invention can be used to generate advantageous structural data, particularly regarding the structure of a surface area, for a sensor, in particular an optical sensor, preferably an optical image sensor, assigned to this surface area.

[0100] In particular, therefore, in the present disclosure, particulate matter is understood to be particles such as those used in the following crushed stone trickle test and also those particles that normally occur in everyday driving conditions.

[0101] However, to do this, it is first necessary to re-examine in detail the results of the crushed stone trickle test.

[0102] In the scattered light measurement results in Figures 9, 10 and 11, which are consistent with Table 1 regarding their haze values, it can be clearly seen that the haze values ​​of the soda-lime glass plates are consistently higher than those of the borosilicate glass plates, with or without thermal strengthening, respectively, especially for all tilt angles measured.

[0103] It can also be seen that the haze value varies as a function of the respective tilt angles α.

[0104] In Figures 8, 9, and 10, an auxiliary line G is drawn at the haze value of borosilicate glass, and it can be seen that starting from a tilt angle α of about 30°, the haze value steadily decreases as the tilt angle α increases.

[0105] Particularly advantageous values ​​are therefore consistently obtained for tilt angles α or tilt α of more than 35°, which can be shown, for example, for directions S extending perpendicularly upwards relative to the main direction of vehicle movement V, as shown in Figure 2, in particular for directions extending vertically upwards relative to the main direction of vehicle movement (V). Accordingly, glass panes having such tilt angles or tilt α, as shown, for example, in Figure 2, are less susceptible to scattered light when exposed to the action of particles in real, normal driving situations.

[0106] From a constructional perspective, it has been found that a maximum tilt α of about 65° is also advantageous, especially when using optical sensors, especially optical image sensors, as it allows for low distortions in the optical ray path and low offsets of the plane-parallel images.

[0107] These statements apply in particular to the surface area 11 of the borosilicate glass plate disclosed herein that is allocated to an optical sensor 12, in particular an optical image sensor 12, as shown only diagrammatically in Figures 4 and 12.

[0108] Advantageously, therefore, the inclination α of at least this surface area relative to a direction S extending perpendicularly upwards to the main direction of movement V of the vehicle, which may also be called vertically extending inclination α, is in the range of 35° to 65°, preferably 40° to 60°.

[0109] Therefore, in this surface area 11, all areas of the vehicle glass plates 8, 8' that satisfy the above-mentioned conditions for the vertical inclinations α, α1, and α2 disclosed in this specification and the horizontal inclination Y shown below and have an area into which light can be incident to a sufficient extent for each sensor can be assigned to the sensor as the surface area 11 or can be used as the area assigned to the sensor 11. For example, in the case of a simple sensor that detects only brightness, such as a light-emitting diode, this surface area is only 1 cm 2 and for complex sensors such as image sensors or rain sensors, the size can be up to 25cm. 2 The surface area may have an area of ​​about 100 mm or more. The surface area may have a square, rectangular, polygonal, circular, elliptical, or free-form shape.

[0110] As can be seen from Fig. 4, a horizontally extending inclination Y can also be taken into account, which is determined by the normal vector N of the surface 5' of the glass pane 5 and the main direction of movement V of the vehicle. For the horizontal inclination Y thus determined, the statements made in this disclosure regarding the vertical inclinations α, α1, and α2 apply accordingly. However, based on the simplified geometric relationships shown, the horizontally extending or horizontally extending inclination Y amount γ = 90° - α, respectively, and this also applies in particular to the respective disclosed values ​​of α.

[0111] In the case of flat glass panes, in particular flat laminated glass pane 8, shown in FIG. 12, this vertical inclination angle or vertical inclination α also applies to the entire surface, in particular to the first glass pane 5 of the laminated glass pane 8 with its surface 5′.

[0112] For vehicles, particularly those exposed to high particulate loads, and in particular those used in harsh driving environments in which more than 50% of the particulates originate from areas higher than the borosilicate glass plate and impinge at an average angle of β1 relative to the vehicle's main direction of travel, as shown in Figure 12, the inclination α of at least the surface area 11 assigned to the sensor with respect to a direction (S) extending upward perpendicular to the vehicle's main direction of travel V may be in the range of 35° + β1 to 65°.

[0113] The embodiments described in the preceding paragraphs are not limited to use in harsh driving environments and may be advantageously used in any automotive environment without limitation, however, the benefits described above are provided for particulate matter originating from above the borosilicate glass sheet.

[0114] As also shown in Figure 12, if more than 50% of the particles originate from areas lower than the borosilicate glass plate and impact at an average angle of β2 with respect to the main direction of travel of the vehicle, the inclination of at least the surface area 11 assigned to the sensor with respect to a direction extending upward perpendicular to the main direction of travel V of the vehicle may be in the range of 35° to 60°-β2.

[0115] The embodiments described in the preceding paragraphs are also not limited to use in harsh driving environments and may be advantageously used in any automotive environment without limitation, however, the benefits described above are directed to particulate matter originating from below the borosilicate glass sheet.

[0116] The detection of grains or particles originating from an area higher than the borosilicate glass pane and the detection of grains or particles originating from an area lower than the borosilicate glass pane can be carried out, purely by way of example, by a person skilled in the art using measuring vessels G1, G2, G3 that are open in the direction of travel V and closed otherwise, as shown in Figure 14, under typical conditions for this environment, such as the vehicle speeds permitted in the environment. Each of these vessels G1, G2, G3 can be attached to the front or side of the respective vehicle glass pane, in particular the borosilicate glass pane, and each have the same opening cross-section in the direction of travel.

[0117] Particulate matter from an area higher than the borosilicate glass plate enters container G1 through its diagonally upward opening O1, particulate matter from an area in front of the borosilicate glass plate enters container G2 through its horizontally extending opening O2, and particulate matter from an area lower than the borosilicate glass plate enters container G3 through its diagonally downward opening O3.

[0118] The longer the extension of the containers G1, G2, G3 in the running direction and the smaller the inclination of the openings O1 and O2 relative to the running direction V, the more accurate the measurement results obtained, and depending on the accuracy requirements, those skilled in the art will adapt these containers to their respective needs.

[0119] A person skilled in the art can then weigh the amounts of particles M1, M2, and M3 collected in each environment into measuring containers G1, G2, and G3, and calculate the quotient M1 / (M1+M2+M3) for particles originating from areas higher than the borosilicate glass plate, and M3 / (M1+M2+M3) for particles originating from areas lower than the borosilicate glass plate, thereby determining the ratio of particles originating from areas higher than the borosilicate glass plate to particles originating from areas lower than the borosilicate glass plate, as shown in claim 2.

[0120] To determine the angles β1 and β2 of particles impacting the vehicle glass pane, a suitable container G2, preferably positioned in front of the surface area allocated to the sensor, can be deflected upward by a certain angle, i.e., in the positive direction of the angle β1, between 0° and 30°, for example, in increments of 5°, and the container G2 can be deflected downward by a certain angle, i.e., in the positive direction of the angle β2, between 0° and 25°, for example, in increments of 5°, thereby covering all angles of interest in this embodiment. By passing through each environment one or more times at each deflection angle, the weight M2 obtained in the container G2 during the passage through the environment can be determined with the required accuracy for each deflection angle, and the amount of particles generated at each angle can be determined from the weight M2 for each angle. An angle interval of 5° is considered sufficient, but a person skilled in the art can select a smaller angle interval if the accuracy of the measurement is desired. In this way, it is possible to determine not only the particles that impinge at an inclination of β1 or β2, respectively, relative to the main direction of movement of the vehicle (V), but also the average values ​​of β1 and β2, for example by linear averaging.

[0121] The glass plate 5 may in particular be formed as a first glass plate of a laminated glass plate 8 having a thickness D of 1.1 mm to 5.4 mm.

[0122] For example, a thickness D of 3 mm to 5 mm may be used, especially for large vehicles.

[0123] As shown in FIG. 12 with reference number 13, a borosilicate glass plate can be used on the outside as glass plate 5 and on the inside as a further glass plate 13.

[0124] A resin interlayer 14 is disposed between the outer glass sheet 5 and the inner glass sheet 13 of the laminated glass sheet 8, and the glass sheets 5 and 13 are mechanically held firmly together by this interlayer 14.

[0125] In a further embodiment, a sensor 15, in particular an optical sensor 15, may be arranged in the borosilicate glass pane 5, and also in the further glass pane 13, for example in the case of a laminated glass pane 8, between the borosilicate glass pane and the further glass pane, in or near the plastic interlayer 14. Located near the plastic interlayer 14 here is understood to mean that the sensor 15 is indeed partially embedded, in particular laterally, in the respective plastic interlayer 14, but is not surrounded by it on all sides, and in some areas is adjacent to the borosilicate glass pane 5 and / or the further glass pane 13 instead of the plastic interlayer 14.

[0126] Reference is also made below to FIG. 13, which shows a vertical cross section of a further automotive glazing, in particular a laminated glazing 8', with a borosilicate glass pane 16 according to a further embodiment.

[0127] In this embodiment, the borosilicate glass pane 16 covers only a portion of the automotive glass pane 17 that does not contain borosilicate glass, in order to protect the sensors, in particular the optical sensors 12, 15, and therefore covers at least the surface area 11 that is respectively allocated to the optical sensors.

[0128] The resin interlayer 18 arranged between the borosilicate glass pane 16 and, in particular, the first pane of glass, the automotive glass pane 17, which does not contain borosilicate glass, can be tinted, and in this case can have a heat-absorbing or heat-reflecting tint. However, the invention is not limited to flat panes, but can also be implemented when the panes exhibit, for example, curvature in at least some areas.

[0129] In such an embodiment, for example as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the tangents T1, T2 of the surface 5' of the borosilicate glass plate 5 located within or in front of the areal area allocated to the sensor have inclinations α1, α2 relative to a direction S extending upward perpendicular to the main direction of movement of the vehicle, in particular a direction extending vertically upward relative to the main direction of movement of the vehicle (V), which α1, α2 are advantageously in the range of 35° to 60°, preferably 40° to 60°.

[0130] However, in this case, as shown in Figure 3, the expression "tangents T1, T2 of the surface 5' located within or in front of the areal area allocated to the sensor" refers to the ray paths 19, 20 of light passing through the glass panes, which are refracted at the respective inclined surfaces of the glass pane 5 and the inner further glass pane 13 of the laminated glass pane 8, resulting in a surface-parallel offset. This expression ensures that the aforementioned conditions for the respective inclinations α1, α2 are fulfilled for all light impinging on the areal area 11 and thus extending within the ray paths 19, 20.

[0131] In such an embodiment, particularly due to the above-mentioned plane-parallel offset, it may be advantageous if the surface area 11 assigned to the sensor 12 is located within the upper third, preferably within the upper fifth, of the borosilicate glass pane 5 defined in the installation position, whereby, within the meaning of the present disclosure, upper or upwardly directed is understood to refer to the Z direction of the Cartesian coordinate system shown in the figures, and upper third or upper fifth is understood to mean the upper third or upper fifth of the cover glass pane in the Z direction.

[0132] In the above disclosed embodiments, in general, an optical sensor 12, advantageously a brightness detection sensor, an image sensor or a rain sensor, may be arranged on the surface area 11 allocated to the sensor. [Explanation of symbols]

[0133] 1. Component for conducting crushed stone trickle tests 2 containers 3 Crushed stone particles 4 Free fall tube 5. Glass plate used for crushed stone trickle test 5' Surface of glass plate 5 exposed to particulate impact 6 Horizontal plane on which the crushed stone particles 3 move vertically until they collide with the glass plate 5 during the crushed stone trickle test 7. Automobiles 8. Laminated glass sheets for automobiles 8' Further embodiment of laminated glass sheet 9. Body part of the automobile 7 holding the laminated glass sheet 8 10 Body part of the automobile 7 holding the laminated glass plate 8 11 An areal, but not necessarily respectively flat, area of ​​the borosilicate glass plate disclosed herein, allocated to an optical sensor 12, in particular an optical image sensor 12. 12 Optical sensors, in particular brightness-detecting optical sensors, optical image sensors or rain sensors 13 Further glass sheet inside the laminated glass sheet 8 14 Resin interlayer 15 Sensor, especially optical sensor, in resin intermediate film 14 16 Further embodiments of borosilicate glass plates 17 Automotive glass sheets, especially those not containing borosilicate glass 18 Resin interlayer 19 Ray path of light passing through a glass plate 20 Ray path of light passing through a glass plate F Free fall height G auxiliary line G1 measuring container G2 measurement container G3 measuring instrument Amount of particles measured in M1 measurement container G1 Amount of particles measured in M2 measuring container G2 Amount of particles measured in M3 measuring container G3 P r(iesel) Impulse of crushed stone particles during the crushed stone trickle test P s(trasse)Impulse of granular particles that occurs in typical driving conditions of a vehicle V - the main direction of travel of a vehicle, in particular a vehicle on or in which a borosilicate glass pane according to the invention is mounted S: A direction extending upward perpendicular to the main direction of vehicle movement V N: The direction of the normal to the surface 5' of the glass plate 5 at the impact point of the particle 3 O1 Opening of measurement container G1 Opening of O2 measuring container G2 Opening of O3 measurement container G3 α' is the angle of inclination at which the crushed stone particles 3 collide with the glass plate 5 during the crushed stone trickle test. α is the angle of inclination relative to the direction S extending perpendicularly upwards to the main direction of movement V of the vehicle, also called the vertical inclination Υ Horizontal slope Tangent to the surface 5' of the glass plate 5 to T1S Tangent to the surface 5' of the glass plate 5 to T2S α1: the slope of the tangent T1 at the surface 5' of the glass plate 5 α2: the slope of the tangent T2 at the surface 5' of the glass plate 5 D Thickness of borosilicate glass plate 5 β1 Impact angle of particles from the high region β2 Impact angle of particles from the lower region

Claims

1. A glass plate for a vehicle comprising borosilicate glass, the glass plate comprising: A thickness of 1.1 mm to 5.4 mm; a surface area for a sensor, the surface area being assigned to said sensor; and the inclination (α) of at least said surface area with respect to a direction (S) extending upward perpendicular to the main direction of movement (V) of the vehicle is in the range of 35° to 65°, The borosilicate glass contains the following components (by weight): Yes ２ 70~87 B ２ O ３ 7~25 Na ２ O+K ２ O 0.5~9 Al ２ O ３ 0~7 CaO 0-3 having a composition of A vehicle glass pane comprising borosilicate glass.

2. A glass plate for a vehicle comprising borosilicate glass, the glass plate comprising: A thickness of 1.1 mm to 5.4 mm; a surface area for a sensor, the surface area being assigned to said sensor; and the inclination (α) of at least said surface area with respect to a direction (S) extending upward perpendicular to the main direction of movement (V) of the vehicle is in the range of 35° to 65°, The borosilicate glass contains the following components (by weight): Yes ２ 70-86 Al ２ O ３ 0~5 B ２ O ３ 9.0~25 Na ２ O 0.5~5.0 K ２ O 0~1.0 Li ２ O 0~1.0 having a composition of A vehicle glass pane comprising borosilicate glass.

3. A glass plate for a vehicle comprising borosilicate glass, the glass plate comprising: A thickness of 1.1 mm to 5.4 mm; a surface area for a sensor, the surface area being assigned to said sensor; and the inclination (α) of at least said surface area with respect to a direction (S) extending upward perpendicular to the main direction of movement (V) of the vehicle is in the range of 35° to 65°, The borosilicate glass contains the following components (in mole percent): Yes ２ 71.8~88.7 B ２ O ３ 7.8~22.7 Al ２ O ３ 0~3.1 Na ２ O0.5~5.1 K ２ O 0~0.6 Li ２ O 0.0~2.1 and B ２ O ３ +Al ２ O ３ -Na ２ OK ２ O-Li ２ O≧3 mol%, and B ２ O ３ +Al ２ O ３ -Na ２ O-K ２ O-Li ２ O≦11モル% The condition is met, A vehicle glass pane comprising borosilicate glass.

4. A glass plate for a vehicle comprising borosilicate glass, the glass plate comprising: A thickness of 1.1 mm to 5.4 mm; a surface area for a sensor, the surface area being assigned to said sensor; and the inclination (α) of at least said surface area with respect to a direction (S) extending upward perpendicular to the main direction of movement (V) of the vehicle is in the range of 35° to 65°, The borosilicate glass contains the following components (in mole percent): Yes ２ 71.8~88.7 B ２ O ３ 7.8~22.7 Al ２ O ３ 0~3.1 Na ２ O0.5~5.1 K ２ O 0~0.6 Li ２ O 0.0~2.1 and B ２ O ３ +Al ２ O ３ -Na ２ OK ２ O-Li ２ O≧2 mol%, and B ２ O ３ +Al ２ O ３ -Na ２ O-K ２ O-Li ２ O≦10モル% The condition is met, A vehicle glass pane comprising borosilicate glass.

5. A glass plate for a vehicle comprising borosilicate glass, the glass plate comprising: A thickness of 1.1 mm to 5.4 mm; a surface area for a sensor, the surface area being assigned to said sensor; and the inclination (α) of at least said surface area with respect to a direction (S) extending upward perpendicular to the main direction of movement (V) of the vehicle is in the range of 35° to 65°, The borosilicate glass contains the following components (by weight): Yes ２ 78.3~81.0 B ２ O ３ 9.0~13.0 Al ２ O ３ 3.5~5.3 Na ２ O3.5~6.5 K ２ O 0.0~2.0 CaO 0.0~2.0 The borosilicate glass has a composition of A vehicle glass pane comprising borosilicate glass.

6. A glass plate for a vehicle comprising borosilicate glass, the glass plate comprising: A thickness of 1.1 mm to 5.4 mm; a surface area for a sensor, the surface area being assigned to said sensor; and the inclination (α) of at least said surface area with respect to a direction (S) extending upward perpendicular to the main direction of movement (V) of the vehicle is in the range of 35° to 65°, The borosilicate glass contains the following components (in mole percent): Yes ２ 80.7~84.3 B ２ O ３ 8.0~11.6 Al ２ O ３ 2.2~3.2 Na ２ O3.5~6.5 K ２ O 0.2~1.3 CaO 0.0-2.2 and B ２ O ３ +Al ２ O ３ -Na ２ OK ２ O—CaO≧3 mol %, and B ２ O ３ +Al ２ O ３ -Na ２ O-K ２ O-CaO≦11モル% The condition is met, A vehicle glass pane comprising borosilicate glass.

7. A glass plate for a vehicle comprising borosilicate glass, the glass plate comprising: A thickness of 1.1 mm to 5.4 mm; a surface area for a sensor, the surface area being assigned to said sensor; and the inclination (α) of at least said surface area with respect to a direction (S) extending upward perpendicular to the main direction of movement (V) of the vehicle is in the range of 35° to 65°, The borosilicate glass contains the following components (in mole percent): Yes ２ 80.7~84.3 B ２ O ３ 8.0~11.6 Al ２ O ３ 2.2~3.2 Na ２ O3.5~6.5 K ２ O 0.2~1.3 CaO 0.0-2.2 and B ２ O ３ +Al ２ O ３ -Na ２ OK ２ O—CaO≧2 mol %, and B ２ O ３ +Al ２ O ３ -Na ２ O-K ２ O-CaO≦10モル% The condition is met, A vehicle glass pane comprising borosilicate glass.

8. For vehicles exposed to high particulate loads: If more than 50% of the particles originate from an area higher than the vehicle glass pane and impact at an angle β1 on average relative to the main direction of travel (V) of the vehicle, the inclination α of at least the surface area assigned to the sensor relative to a direction (S) extending upward perpendicular to the main direction of movement (V) of the vehicle is in the range of 35° + β1 to 65°, If more than 50% of the particles originate from an area lower than the vehicle glass pane and impact at an angle β2 on average relative to the main direction of travel of the vehicle, the inclination α of at least the surface area assigned to the sensor relative to a direction (S) extending upward perpendicular to the main direction of movement (V) of the vehicle is in the range of 35° to 60°-β2, A glass pane for a vehicle comprising the borosilicate glass of any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The vehicle glass plate exhibits curvature in at least a portion of the region. A glass pane for a vehicle comprising the borosilicate glass of any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A tangent T to the surface of the vehicle glass plate located within the planar area assigned to the sensor １ , T ２ has an inclination (α) in the range of 35° to 60° with respect to a direction (S) extending upward perpendicular to the main direction of movement of the vehicle, A glass pane for a vehicle comprising the borosilicate glass of any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. The surface area assigned to the sensor is located within the upper third of the vehicle glass plate determined at the installation position. A glass pane for a vehicle comprising the borosilicate glass of any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. The vehicle glass sheet is thermally strengthened and has a compressive stress near the surface of 100 MPa to 300 MPa. A glass pane for a vehicle comprising the borosilicate glass of any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. The vehicle glass plate is chemically strengthened and has a compressive stress CS near the surface of 100 MPa to 300 MPa and a compressive stress zone depth DoL of 25 μm to 50 μm. A glass pane for a vehicle comprising the borosilicate glass of any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. A composite material, the composite material comprising: At least one vehicle glass sheet comprising the borosilicate glass according to any one of claims 1 to 13, the vehicle glass sheet being manufactured by a float process and having a thickness of 1.1 mm to 5.4 mm; at least one further glass plate; At least one resin interlayer; Composite material containing.

15. The sensor is disposed between the vehicle glass sheet and the further glass sheet. The composite material of claim 14.

16. A structure comprising the composite material of claim 14 or 15, the borosilicate glass plate is arranged at least in front of the surface area allocated to the sensor; Construct.

17. The resin interlayer film is colored. A structure comprising the composite material according to claim 14 or 15.

18. The sensor is arranged on a surface area assigned to the sensor. A glass pane for a vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 13, a composite material according to claim 14 or 15, or a structure according to claim 16 or 17.

19. 18. A motor vehicle comprising a vehicle glass pane according to any one of claims 1 to 13, a composite according to claim 14 or 15, or a structure comprising a composite according to claim 16 or 17 disposed on the motor vehicle.

20. The vehicle glass plate is a windshield.

20. The vehicle of claim 19.

Images