Devices with laminated vehicular glazing and associated near-infrared viewing systems, and their manufacture

Abstract

The present invention relates to a laminated vehicular glazing (100) comprising a highly transparent first glass sheet (exterior glazing), a laminated interlayer, and a second glass or plastic sheet (interior glazing) with a hole between the interlayer and the interior glazing.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to laminated glazing, in particular windshields, in particular for road and rail vehicles, which are associated with a viewing system in the near infrared. The invention also relates to a device combining said glazing with a near infrared viewing system, as well as to a method for manufacturing the laminated glazing. [Background technology]

[0002] Glazing and related technologies for autonomous vehicles are constantly evolving, particularly to improve safety.

[0003] Laser or LIDAR remote sensing, an acronym for "light detection and ranging" or "laser detection and ranging," is used in vehicles in the headlights or roof.

[0004] More recently, WO 2018 / 0153012 proposes installing a LIDAR operating in the near infrared range of 750 nm to 1050 nm behind a laminated windshield, which includes two highly transparent glass sheets and an infrared filter removed in the zone of the LIDAR's field of view. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] International Publication No. 2018 / 0153012

[0006] The performance of this device (glazing combined with LIDAR) can be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0007] More precisely, the invention relates to laminated glazing (and preferably convex glazing) for vehicles, in particular road vehicles (passenger cars, trucks, public transport: buses, coaches, etc.) or rail vehicles (in particular rail vehicles with a maximum speed of at most 90 km / h or at most 70 km / h, in particular subways, trams), in particular windscreens or rear windows, but also side windows, for example with a given thickness E1 of sub-centimeter, in particular at most 5 mm, for windscreens of road vehicles, in particular passenger cars, a first glass sheet, in particular a convex glass, for exterior glazing, with a first outer major face F1 and a second inner major face F2 (oriented towards the passenger compartment), with a thickness, in the case of a motor vehicle, preferably of at most 4 mm, even at most 3 mm or 2.5 mm, in particular 2.1 mm, 1.9 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.6 mm and 1.4 mm, and preferably at least 0.7 mm or 1 mm; a laminated interlayer (single or multi-layer) preferably for road vehicles having a thickness E3 of at most 1.8 mm, better at most 1.2 mm, or even at most 0.9 mm (and better at least 0.3 mm, or even at least 0.6 mm), preferably made of a thermoplastic polymer material, and even better made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), possibly neutral, transparent, highly transparent or especially coloured grey or green, possibly having a sound-insulating effect and / or possibly having a cross section that decreases in a wedge-like manner from the top to the bottom of the laminated glazing (in particular the windshield), in particular for a head-up display (HUD for short), with a main face FA oriented towards F2 and a main face FB opposite to FA, - a second sheet of glass or plastic for the interior glazing, preferably convex, in particular tinted, with a third main face F3 on the F2 side and a fourth, inner main face F4 (oriented towards the passenger compartment), of a thickness E2 that is preferably thinner than the thickness of the first glazing, and in the case of glass, of at most 3 mm or 2 mm, in particular 1.9 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.6 mm and 1.4 mm, or even at most 1.3 mm, and preferably at least 0.7 mm, in the case of road vehicles; wherein the thickness of the first and second sheets is preferably strictly less than 5 or 4 mm, or even less than 3.7 mm.

[0008] According to the invention, the first glass sheet has a total iron oxide content by weight of at most 0.05%.

[0009] In particular, the second glass or plastic sheet is (significantly) absorbing in the near infrared, for example the second sheet is made of glass and has a total iron oxide weight content of at least 0.4%.

[0010] Similarly, the second (glass or plastic) sheet has a through hole in its thickness, in particular of trapezoidal or rectangular or circular cross section, in particular of width W1 in centimetres, preferably at most 25 cm, better at most 15 cm, and even better at most 5 cm for better mechanical strength.

[0011] In some cases, the laminate interlayer (e.g., colorless) has a cross section, in particular trapezoidal or rectangular or circular, etc. (especially of the same shape or even similar to the cross section of the through hole in the glass), in some cases having partial holes or through holes in its thickness, in particular wider by at most 10 mm or narrower by at most 3 mm or 1 mm, preferably extending at least the through hole in the second sheet.

[0012] The glazing according to the invention has, below the through-holes of the second sheet, preferably on the side of face F2, a selective filter that is absorbent in the visible light range and transparent at least at so-called operating wavelengths in the infrared in the range from 800 nm to 1800 nm, in particular 905±5 nm and / or 1550±5 nm and / or even 850±5 nm.

[0013] Facing the through hole, the laminated glazing (assembly including at least a first glass sheet, an optional lamination interlayer, and a selective filter) a total transmittance of at least 80.0%, 90.0% or 95.0% at the operating wavelength, measured, for example, at an angle of preferably 90° or even preferably 60° or even up to 60° relative to the (local) plane of the first sheet on the F2 (cabin) side and / or the F1 side, - in particular, a total transmittance within the visible range (in particular preferably at least 550 nm ± 50 nm or within the ranges 500-600 nm or 400-700 nm), better still at least within the ranges 500-600 nm or 400-700 nm, and even within the entire range of visible light from 390 nm to 750 nm, of at most 10.0%, 5.0%, 1.0%, or 0.5%, in particular 0.5% over the range 390-750 nm and 0.1% over the range 390-600 nm, measured at an angle of 90°, and also preferably 60° or even up to 60° on the F1 side, with the selective filter (significantly) masking the through-holes as seen from face 1; It has.

[0014] Preferably, the selective filter is bonded (glued in adhesive contact) to face F2 (forward bond) or face F3 (backward bond) or both, rather than pressed against face F2 and / or against face F3.

[0015] Therefore, according to the present invention, in order to achieve high transmittance levels, the following choices are made: 1) an exterior glass that is highly transparent in the targeted near infrared; 2) A necessarily hollowed-out inner glass that is more absorbent in the targeted near-infrared.

[0016] This solution exhibits even higher performance than prior art solutions based on two complete, highly transparent glasses.

[0017] Furthermore, by avoiding the use of a second, highly transparent glass, this solution improves comfort (hot air inside the vehicle) and aesthetics, and is more economical.

[0018] The shape and dimensions of the through holes are configured in accordance with the prior art to effectively and selectively transmit and collect all of the radiation traversing the glazing (windshield, rear window, etc.).

[0019] For example, the hole has the same shape as an infrared viewing system such as a LIDAR.

[0020] The holes (open or closed) may in particular have a convex cross section, in particular convex, preferably trapezoidal, or even circular or oval or elliptical, or even rectangular, square, etc.

[0021] The hole has dimensions that are defined in particular by the field of view of the LIDAR depending on its positioning.

[0022] The through-holes in the second (glass or plastic) sheet may be open or may be fully or partially occupied, for example with a filler material that is transparent at the operating wavelength, and / or may be occupied by inserting a portion of the LIDAR.

[0023] The through holes can be: - closed holes (surrounded by a wall of a second glass or plastic sheet), therefore holes located inside the glazing, in particular at least 3 cm or 5 cm away from the nearest part of the glazing; - (peripheral) An opening or aperture forming a notch.

[0024] The glazing may include full penetrations made up of: - through holes in the laminated interlayer (single or multiple layers) with width D1, - and said through hole in a second glass or plastic sheet of width W1.

[0025] The first and second holes have a contiguous or nearly contiguous axis of symmetry and preferably have the same width (before and / or after lamination).

[0026] The through-hole is adapted to be positioned within the optical path of an infrared viewing system.

[0027] The selective filter serves to conceal an infrared viewing system, such as a LIDAR, at its operating wavelength from the exterior of the vehicle without adversely affecting its excellent transmission at that wavelength.

[0028] The present invention is particularly suitable for glazing (windshields, rear windows, etc.) for autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicles, i.e. levels L2+, L3, L4 and L5 ("fully" autonomous, even autonomous), as well as robotaxis and shuttle-type vehicles, etc.

[0029] Iron oxide, present as an impurity in most of the natural raw materials used in glass (sand, feldspar, limestone, dolostone, etc.), absorbs light in the visible and near-ultraviolet regions (iron trivalent ion, Fe 3+ absorption due to ferrous ions) and also particularly in the visible and near-infrared regions (divalent iron ions, Fe 2+ absorption due to oxidative stress), and for this reason, the iron oxide in the first glass sheet is reduced.

[0030] It is therefore possible to choose a higher iron oxide content in the second glass sheet (if made of glass).

[0031] The angle of glazing, particularly windshields for road vehicles, can typically be 21° to 36° with respect to the ground, with an average of 30°. Similarly, if the windshield is at a 30° angle with the ground, then high transmittance at 60° is highly advantageous, as this is the angle of incidence of the LIDAR beam onto the windshield.

[0032] Transmission in the infrared is measured using a Fourier spectrometer, such as a Bruker Vertex-70.

[0033] To quantify transmittance in the visible light range, it is often calculated from 380 to 780 nm according to the ISO 9050:2003 standard, taking into account the D65 illuminant as defined by the ISO / CIE 10526 standard and the CIE 1931 colorimetric standard observer as defined by the ISO / CIE 10527 standard, scaled back to a glass thickness of 3.2 mm or 4 mm, and referred to as "T L The light transmission coefficient, often abbreviated as "light transmittance," is defined.

[0034] Naturally, the light transmittance T of the laminated glazing in the non-perforated zone (central zone of the windshield) L is preferably at least 70% or 75%, 80% or 85%, 88%.

[0035] The selective filter is for example localized for a given surface area S0, the orthogonal projection of which on the second sheet encompasses at least the cross section Sc of the through-holes.

[0036] The selective filter may be, for example, a solid layer, or may further comprise discontinuities forming, for example, a (micro- or nano-) grid.

[0037] The selective filter can be of any nature, i.e. a coating (ink, varnish, etc.), a flexible film, localized at the through-hole or more extended, for example to hide one sensor or another, as detailed below.

[0038] The selective filter is (primarily) in one zone with only one glass sheet.

[0039] The integration of selective filters under the holes, in particular their gluing, is described in detail below in order to avoid optical defects (distortions, etc.) due to folding, peeling or the appearance of bubbles, or for the sake of accurate positioning of the filters or rapidity of their industrial installation.

[0040] For selective filters involving a polymer film, it is preferred that the selective filter is in adhesive contact with face F2 or the laminate interlayer.

[0041] The through-holes are preferably closed (as opposed to open, such as cavities, provided in the second sheet portion) and are spaced at least 2cm / 5cm / 10cm or even more from the second sheet portion.

[0042] The selective filter can extend beyond the through-hole between faces F2 and F3 in the so-called edge zone of the hole, for example by at most 50 mm, better still by at most 20 mm, and can have, for example, different shapes for the filter and the hole.

[0043] The filter will hide the hole and the LIDAR, but it may be desired to cover zones that do not have an opaque masking layer (that absorbs at the operating wavelength), such as the resist of this layer, as well as adjacent or neighboring zones.

[0044] The filter can thus in particular mask so-called camera zones equipped with sensors, in particular cameras in visible light or far-infrared cameras (thermal cameras), provided that for this purpose the selective filter has a resist (closed or open) in the zone provided for passing light rays originating from the scene to be detected by the visible light camera or thermal camera.

[0045] The selective filter can have a closed contour that surrounds the pore (i.e., exists entirely around the obturator foramen), e.g., a shape that resembles or is homothetic with the pore. The selective filter can also be a simple geometric shape (e.g., a rectangle) within which the obturator foramen is inscribed.

[0046] The through holes having a constant or variable cross section Sc, in particular a trapezoidal or rectangular or discoid or oval cross section, may have a smaller dimension (diameter) of, for example, at least 2 cm, 3 cm, 5 cm, and preferably a larger dimension of at most 30 cm or 25 cm.

[0047] Within the through-hole, there may be an insert, preferably made of a polymer material and having a width of at most 1 cm, which is mounted at least on the wall of the second glass or plastic sheet that defines the hole, and which is likewise hidden by the selective filter.

[0048] In order not to distinguish the LIDAR zone, the selective filter preferably does not form an isolated (almost) opaque zone (visible and distinguishable from face F1) adjacent to the transparent zone of the laminated glazing on all or part of its periphery. - be integrated into a masking / decorative zone (such as the one usually present at the periphery of the glazing), with a resist (open or closed); - May be adjacent to this masking zone, - and / or may extend to form the whole or part of this decorative zone.

[0049] Advantageously: - the selective filter extends beyond the through-hole and extends the masking layer from the outside or masks the resist of the peripheral masking layer; - the selective filter extends beyond said through-holes and in particular extends the masking layer from the outside or masks the resist of the peripheral masking layer, the selective filter having at least one local opening or discontinuity in order to pass said light rays in particular for the sensor of at least one additional sensor, in particular a visible light camera or a thermal camera, in particular a camera fixed to the support base with a face F4 perforated to allow the passage of light rays or electromagnetic rays (thermal camera).

[0050] The selective filter is in color space L * a * b * L as defined in CIE 1976 * 1, a * 1b * 1. The color masking layer C1 is similarly defined by the following formula:

number

[0051] Preferably, ΔE * <4, better is ΔE * <2 (hard to distinguish to the human eye), even better ΔE * <1 (indistinguishable to the human eye).

[0052] Also advantageously, the selective filter is at the periphery of surface S, and the glazing preferably comprises a peripheral opaque masking layer that absorbs near-infrared radiation even more than the selective filter of surface S' in the vicinity or in the area of ​​said through-holes, with S' having resist in said through-holes, and the protrusion of S (masking layer offset from said through-holes) or S+S' (masking layer with resist) on surface F1 is a peripheral opaque masking zone, in particular a band, that is in particular black.

[0053] The opaque masking layer is particularly in the form of at least one coating on one of the first and second sheets and / or on the laminate interlayer.

[0054] The zone is, for example, a rectangular band along one edge of the glazing, in particular along the longitudinal edge of the windshield, in particular a strip along the entire edge, which is expanded in the zone (in particular the central zone) by the through-holes and the selective filter that conceals them.

[0055] The masking layer may be on either side of the (closed) pore or may even surround the (closed) pore.

[0056] The resist may have an open or closed contour, for example, having a shape similar or analogous to the hole and surrounding the hole.

[0057] The selective filter may therefore extend beyond the through-hole.

[0058] In a first configuration, the selective filter extends (significantly) beyond the edge zone of the hole (and thus below the second glass sheet) in order to form solely a masking element, in particular a peripheral masking band, preferably a masking band along the longitudinal edge of the glazing, in particular along the longitudinal edge of the windshield, or even a masking frame.

[0059] In this case, the selective filter has a dual functionality and can replace in whole or in part the opaque enamel (faces F2 and / or F3 and / or F4) or printed ink on the laminate interlayer that is conventionally used.

[0060] In a second configuration, the selective filter remains localized and extends beyond the hole by at most 50 mm, and the glazing further comprises an opaque masking layer not as an entire tinted element but rather in the form of at least one coating on at least one of the first and second sheets and / or on the laminate interlayer.

[0061] The masking layer and the selective filter are optionally in different planes and outside the through-hole. - They are adjacent in the sense that their parts (near the through-holes) are aligned or even their main surfaces can partly face each other (lateral covering over at most 50 mm). - Alternatively, they are offset by at most 100 μm (the parts are offset without adjoining or covering) in order to maintain this visual impression of a continuous opaque band (black).

[0062] In particular, the portions of the selective filter are spaced (laterally) from the resist by at most 100 μm so that no break in opacity is visible to the naked eye, and the portions of the masking layer forming the edges of the resist are spaced (laterally) from the walls of the through-holes by at most 500 μm if it is desired to limit the spread of the selective filter.

[0063] In the particular case where the masking layer is an ink deposited (printed) on a laminate interlayer (PVB), it may be preferable for the ink to be spaced from the edge of the through-hole by at least 1 cm to avoid peeling.

[0064] It may be preferable that a masking layer such as enamel is applied only to face 2 rather than on the second sheet with the through holes.

[0065] If the holes are made before the deposition of the masking layer on the glass at face F2 (enamel silkscreen printing), alignment at the holes can complicate the adjustment step of the process at the start of production: stresses generated during the pre-firing of the enamel (especially on cooling), combined with defects generated by the creation of the holes, can produce breakages at this step.

[0066] If holes are made after silkscreening on the glass at face F3 or F4, the presence of the enamel weakens the glass, which can complicate the making of the holes.

[0067] In both cases, the masking layer on the glass (such as enamel) is preferably placed outside the other layers for aesthetic reasons (its edges look better than the edges of the other layers).

[0068] Thus, in one embodiment, the glazing according to the invention comprises an opaque masking layer in the form of at least one coating on at least one of the first and second sheets and / or on the laminate interlayer, and a peripheral masking layer, in the region of the through holes, the masking layer having resist in the through holes and possibly also at the edges of the through holes, and the selective filter facing or adjacent to the opaque masking layer (with its edges abutting and protruding on F1), in particular with a coverage of at most 50 mm, 20 mm, 10 mm, or offset by at most 0.5 μm or at most 150 μm.

[0069] In particular (outside said through holes, in the edge zone), the selective filter is in contact with the masking layer, or even the selective filter is a coating on top of or even underneath the masking layer.

[0070] One of the following arrangements can be envisaged:

[0071] In particular, the masking layer is on face F2 and the selective filter is spaced from the masking layer on face F2 and above or in contact with the masking layer, in particular forming a coating on the masking layer, in particular a covering extending over at most 50 mm.

[0072] In particular, the selective filter is a coating on face F2, covered by a masking layer, in particular a coating over at most 50 mm.

[0073] In particular, the selective filter is a coating on face F2 and the masking layer is on one of faces FA or FB, in particular a coating extending over at most 50 mm.

[0074] In particular, the selective filter is a coating on the face FA or FB, which is covered by a masking layer, for example an ink, in particular a coating over a length of at most 50 mm.

[0075] In particular, the selective filter is a coating on one of the faces FA or FB and the masking layer is on the other of the faces FA or FB, in particular a coating extending over at most 50 mm.

[0076] In particular, the selective filter is a coating on one of the faces F2, FA or FB, and the masking layer is on face F3 or F4, in particular a (projecting) coating extending over at most 50 mm.

[0077] The opaque masking layer is preferably a continuous layer (all solid color, solid edge or as a variant graduated edge (motif assembly)). The masking layer may be 2 mm or 3 mm (less than 5 mm) from the glazing.

[0078] The masking layer may in particular be a strip of black enamel that borders the glazing (windshield, etc.). A resist is thus created in this masking layer. Another masking layer may be on face F3 or F4.

[0079] In the edge zone of the through-hole, the face F3, bare or coated with a functional coating, for example of at most 100 μm, 1 μm (solar control layer, heating layer, electrode layer, etc.), is in adhesive contact with: a) the surface FB of the laminate interlayer based on PVB; -b) or an additional band, the so-called rear band (around the periphery in the case of closed through-holes, preferably with a width of at least 10, 20 mm), a thermoplastic rear band based on PVB, merging / contacting with the laminate interlayer perforated partially or entirely at the through-hole, with a hole in the PVB that is at least 10, 20 mm larger than the said through-hole.

[0080] The face FB of the laminate interlayer may be partially or completely perforated in its thickness with through holes, and at face F3, said holes - larger than the through hole (retracted PVB), - equal to through hole, - at most 5 mm, 3 mm, 1 mm smaller than said through hole, With holes in the laminate interlayer (PVB), it conforms to a given shape (eg, trapezoid) contained within a rectangle.

[0081] The selective filter is located between face F2 and face F3.

[0082] Below the hole, the selective filter may comprise a (flexible) polymer film of sub-millimeter or even at most 0.5 mm, 0.3 mm or 0.15 mm thickness (to avoid extra thickness), in contact with face F2 and bonded to face F2 in the edge zone of the hole.

[0083] However, in order to avoid any risk of optical distortion (such as the presence of air bubbles), a selective filter is bonded to face F2 in the zone of said through-holes: i.e. the selective filter comprises a polymer film as defined above that is glued (for example a film such as PET that does not adhere to the glass even after lamination) or that is in adhesive contact with face F2 (for example a material such as PVB that adheres to the glass after lamination), - or the selective filter is a coating on face F2 is preferred.

[0084] The face F2 in front of the zone of the through-hole, preferably in the edge zone of the through-hole, can comprise at least one polymer film comprising at least two functions, preferably by means of at least one functional coating selected from selective filtering, heating, anti-reflection, anti-breakage.

[0085] Below the through-hole, the selective filter is attached to face F2, in particular glued or in adhesive contact with the bare face F2 or with the functional coating, and thus optionally glued onto or in adhesive contact with the functional coating.

[0086] The selective filter preferably extends beyond the through-hole in the edge zone of the through-hole, and the selective filter is bonded to a bare or coated face F2 (so-called forward bond), preferably to a bare or coated face F3 (so-called backward bond).

[0087] The stacked interlayer can serve for forward coupling (selective filter below face FA) or backward coupling (selective filter below face FB).

[0088] Preferably, for mechanical protection purposes, the following contacts are present: - adhesive contact between the laminate interlayer and face F3 up to the edge of the through-hole, - or adhesive contact between a laminating interlayer (such as PVB) and face F3 close to the through-hole, for example at a distance of at most 10 mm from the through-hole, and in the edge zone of the through-hole, as well as another adhesive contact with a thermoplastic plastic material, in particular PVB, on the selective filter or the polymer film covering it.

[0089] And / or preferably, there is contact of: - adhesive contact between the laminate interlayer and face F2 up to the edge of the hole, and in front of said hole, adhesive contact of face F2 with an adhesive layer of thermoplastic material (for example PVB) or PSA.

[0090] The choice of the nature and / or thickness of the polymer film or films facing the through-holes depends, inter alia, on the transparency, flexibility and / or toughness required at the operating wavelength.

[0091] The polymer film or films according to the present invention can be adaptable to the curvature of the first sheet, and in particular can be flexible (flexible or semi-flexible).

[0092] The polymer film(s) may in particular be based on polyesters, in particular polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonates, polyolefins (polyethylene, polypropylene), polyurethanes, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyamides, polyimides or polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or even fluoropolymers, such as ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), ethylene chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP) or polystyrene (PS).

[0093] PET (and an interlayer made of PVB) is preferred.

[0094] Specifically, in one embodiment, the glazing (particularly a selective filter) according to the present invention is a polymer film having a thickness of submillimeter, preferably at most 0.5 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.15 mm, particularly a PET film, facing the through-hole, - particularly forming part of the selective filter (support film for the colored film or colored layer) - including a front major surface F’A on the F2 side and a rear major surface F’B on the opposite side, a polymer film transparent at the operating wavelength, a) via an adhesive layer (transparent at the operating wavelength), preferably a pressure-sensitive adhesive PSA, such as an acrylate adhesive, or a hot-melt adhesive, or even a two-component adhesive or a UV adhesive, b) particularly a local polymer band called a front band having a thickness E’3 (<E3) of submillimeter, at most 0.76 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.4 mm or 0.15 mm, specifically 25 - 100 μm, 40 - 70 μm, and even at most 50 μm, in contact with surface F2 by adhesion facing the through-hole, optionally having holes in the through-hole, preferably a polyvinyl butyral-based laminated intermediate layer, and preferably via a front polymer band in (adhesive) contact with the laminated intermediate layer, c) an intermediate layer (facing the through-hole and further within the edge zone of the through-hole), preferably PVB (colorless, sound insulation effect, etc.), where FA optionally has any non-through holes for film accommodation, and preferably via an intermediate layer having a protective polymer film on surface FB, including a polymer film bonded to surface F2 facing the through-hole, with or without a (at least) functional coating, according to at least one of the following configurations.

[0095] This polymer film is under the selective filter (in film form), particularly in the form of a coating on surface F2 or covering the selective filter in film form, or can form part of the selective filter.

[0096] An adhesive layer (or glue) that is transparent at the operating wavelength is preferred.

[0097] PVB is transparent at the operating wavelength.

[0098] In case a), it may be preferable to pre-assemble the adhesive layer (dielectric, etc.) and the selective film (filter), which are protected by a removable film (liner) that is to be removed before positioning between the first and second sheets.

[0099] There are several types of adhesives: hot melt adhesives, which must be melted and bond upon curing; thermoset adhesives, which cure when the components react or the solvent evaporates; and pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs), which bond immediately on contact.

[0100] According to the invention, the thickness of the PSA adhesive (on faces F2, F3, between the films, on intermediate layers such as PVB) can be, for example, at most 50 μm (adhesive tape type), in particular at most 20 μm for liquid-type deposition.

[0101] The adhesive layer may be a pressure sensitive adhesive sheet.

[0102] The adhesive layer (non-adhesive) can be, for example, a gel, in particular a hydrogel based on polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, polysaccharides, polyethylene glycol, polylactic acid, silicone.

[0103] The adhesive layer can even be a pressure-sensitive adhesive. A pressure-sensitive adhesive, abbreviated as PSA and commonly called self-adhesive, is an adhesive that forms a bond when pressure is applied, uniting the adhesive with the surface to be glued. No solvents, water, or heat are required to activate the adhesive. It is used in automotive interiors and a wide variety of other products.

[0104] As the name "pressure-sensitive" suggests, the strength of the bond between a given surface and a self-adhesive bonding agent is affected by the amount of pressure used to apply the adhesive to the target surface. Other factors come into play as well, such as smoothness, surface energy, and removal of contaminants, all of which are important for good adhesion.

[0105] PSAs are generally designed to form and maintain a bond at ambient temperatures. Those skilled in the art will take care to select a self-adhesive adhesive formulation that is appropriate for the conditions of use. In fact, PSAs generally lose or lose their adhesive strength at low temperatures and lose shear resistance at high temperatures.

[0106] PSAs are generally elastomer-based in combination with a suitable supplemental adhesive or "tackifier" (eg, an ester resin).

[0107] The elastomer may be based on: - acrylates, which may have sufficient adhesive strength so that no additional tackifiers are required; - nitriles, - Silicones, which require special tackifiers such as "MQ" type silicate resins, which consist of monofunctional trimethylsilane ("M") reacted with tetrafunctional silicon tetrachloride ("Q"). Silicone-based PSAs are, for example, polydimethylsiloxane resins and rubbers dispersed in xylene or a mixture of xylene and toluene. - styrene-based block copolymers, such as styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), styrene-ethylene / butylene-styrene (SEBS), styrene-ethylene / propylene (SEP), and styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS) block copolymers; - vinyl ethers.

[0108] Advantageously, the pressure sensitive adhesive is chosen from among acrylate-based PSAs and silicone-based PSAs.

[0109] These adhesives are commercially available in the form of rolls of double-sided adhesive tape. Silicone-based PSAs can include adhesive tapes from Dow Corning®, such as 2013 adhesive tape, 7657 adhesive tape, Q2-7735 adhesive tape, Q2-7406 adhesive tape, Q2-7566 adhesive tape, 7355 adhesive tape, 7358 adhesive tape, 280A adhesive tape, 282 adhesive tape, 7651 adhesive tape, 7652 adhesive tape, and 7356 adhesive tape.

[0110] Thus, directly on face F2, the following configuration of stacks (preferably forming pre-assembled elements) can be envisaged (optional elements in brackets): - Adhesive layer such as PSA / all-over colored polymer film ( / adhesive such as PSA / / AR film) - Adhesive layer such as PSA / colored polymer film ( / AR coating) - An adhesive layer such as a PSA / polymer film / (adhesive (e.g., PSA) / AR film) with a colored coating on at least one of its major surfaces - PSA / polymer film with a colored coating on at least one of its major surfaces / adhesive layer such as ( / AR coating) Alternatively, on the colored layer: - PSA / protective or heating polymer film / adhesive such as PSA / adhesive layer such as AR film - Adhesive layers such as PSA / protective or heating polymer films / adhesives such as PSA / AR films.

[0111] In case b), it may be preferred to pre-assemble the selective film (filter) with the front band.

[0112] In case b), preferably, the front band is based on (made of) polyvinyl butyral (PVB), in particular having a thickness of at most 0.5 mm, preferably at most 0.3 mm and better at most 0.15 mm, in particular 25 to 100 μm, 40 to 70 μm or even at most 50 μm, and containing less than 15% by weight of plasticizer, preferably less than 10% by weight and even better less than 5% by weight of plasticizer, in particular plasticizer-free, and the laminating interlayer is based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB), in particular having a thickness E3 of at least 0.3 mm and better at least 0.5 mm, and containing plasticizer, in particular more than 15% by weight of conventional plasticizer.

[0113] In particular, the plasticizer-free PVB front and / or rear bands can be selected from Kuraray's product "MOWITAL LP BF" in the desired thickness.

[0114] The front band has a shape adapted to cover the surface of the polymer film (selective filter).

[0115] The double-sided adhesive tape used requires the removal of a protective film (liner). Furthermore, the surface has adhesive strength before placement, so the film cannot be easily realigned if necessary. Furthermore, liner residues can cause bubbles or blurring.

[0116] The front band in the edge zone below face F3 may likewise extend beyond the overlying film or films (at least one of them, i.e. selective filter film, AR film, safety film, heating film, etc.) by, in particular, at most 5 cm or 1 cm, in order to allow better contact with the PVB (during lamination).

[0117] Below face F3, the front band, which is in particular based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB), can be in (lateral) adhesive contact with the laminate interlayer, since it forms a continuity of material (no space between the interlayer and the front band).

[0118] Said front band may extend beyond the selective filter (preferably by at most 5 cm, preferably by 1 cm) in order to best guarantee adhesive contact with the laminate interlayer.

[0119] The front band, even if made of PVB, may be a different PVB than the PVB of the interlayer and / or may have a different thickness than, e.g., a thinner thickness than, at least E3. The front band (PVB) / interlayer (PVB) interface may be distinguishable.

[0120] Face F2 can comprise an overlay with at least one of the following functional polymer films (having a thickness of sub-millimeter, even at most 200 μm or 100 μm) made in particular of polyester, PET, that are transparent at the operating wavelength, such as: said selective filter (coating or all-around), a safety film, a heating film, an anti-reflection or AR film (possibly several of said films glued together by a PSA adhesive), a film (front band or e.g. PSA) that is bonded to face F2.

[0121] Of course, the film can combine two or more functions on its surface (selective color coating, heating coating, textured or coated to prevent reflection at the operating wavelength, etc.) and / or in its entirety (selective filtering in its entirety, heating by wire in its entirety).

[0122] Likewise, at least one functional polymer film (of the safety element according to a) or b)) comprises at least two functions, preferably at least one functional coating on said film, in particular a function selected from selective filtering, heating, anti-reflection, anti-breakage, for example: - films with selective filter coatings and anti-reflection coatings (on the same or opposite sides); - selective filter films (colored throughout) with anti-reflection and / or heating coatings (opposite surfaces); - Anti-vandal or safety films with selective filter coatings and also with anti-reflective coatings (on the same or opposing surfaces).

[0123] An example of a vandal resistant film is a Solar Gard film called Armorcoat 7 Mil.

[0124] Throughout this specification, AR means anti-reflective at least at the wavelength of operation.

[0125] Thus, the plastic front band is already bonded (fully or locally) to the film and / or assembly sheet (PVB) of the filter. In this latter case, the front band is overhanging (larger than the device) and the bond between the front band and the sheet can serve alone to maintain the film of the filter, without the need for additional bonding of the rear face and plastic band.

[0126] The plastic front band can be glued to face F2 of the glazing by lamination.

[0127] Contrary to double-sided adhesive tape, the free side of the thermoplastic band is adhesive-free and immediately available. The plastic front band according to the invention allows for precise positioning without loss of time on the line.

[0128] Thus, directly on the face F2, the following configuration of overlaps (preferably forming pre-assembled elements) can be envisaged: - Front band / full colored film / adhesive (PSA, etc.) or other front band / ( / AR film) - Front band / Fully tinted film / (AR coating) - Front band / film / AR film with a tinted coating on at least one of the main surfaces.

[0129] Or on the color layer: - Front band / AR film.

[0130] The bulk tinted film may be a selective filter such as the Solar Gard product Smoke-plus.

[0131] In case c), the intermediate layer is made of PVB (colorless, sound-insulating, etc.), which is transparent at the operating wavelength.

[0132] If the intermediate layer is multi-layered, it may be the so-called front sheet (side face F2) which is preferably at most 0.4 mm thick.

[0133] For example, the thicker second sheet may have blind holes for receiving any film.

[0134] The PVB is preferably perforated if it absorbs at the operating wavelength, such as PVB doped with ITO.

[0135] In particular, a pre-assembled element prior to lamination, the PVB front sheet / film (selective filter), can be formed with a perforated PVB sheet bonded to the front sheet.

[0136] And / or preferably (as an alternative to a), b) or c) or in combination, if compatible), the polymer film or another polymer film above and bonded to said film comprises: -m) via an adhesive layer as in a) n) via a local polymer band, called rear band, in particular based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB), in adhesive contact with face F3 in the edge zone of the through-hole and preferably in adhesive contact with the lamination interlayer, protruding in particular from the film (by at most 10 cm), absent below the through-hole or protruding by at most 5 mm, and preferably in (adhesive) contact with the lamination interlayer, -o) via a laminated interlayer, preferably based on PVB, which in the case of (o) can be used in combination with a) or b), preferably perforated with said through holes, is coupled to face F3 according to at least one of the following configurations:

[0137] For n), this rear band may extend all around the edge zone (glazing) of the through-hole.

[0138] The rear band forms a closing surface (the same contour as the hole or a shape that encompasses the through hole), for example, this rear band is 15 mm wide (for example) and is for example a rectangular, trapezoidal frame, etc.

[0139] The rear band may extend beyond the selective filter by (preferably at most 5 cm, but only 1 cm) to best ensure adhesive contact with the laminate interlayer.

[0140] The rear band may be absent below said through-holes or may extend below said through-holes by at most 5 mm, 3 mm. Below and in contact with face F3, the rear band may also extend, in particular by at most 5 cm, 1 cm, from the underlying film or films (selective filter, AR film, etc.) in order to make better contact with the PVB (during lamination) or to reinforce this zone.

[0141] Facing F3, the rear band, which is in particular based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB), can be in (lateral) adhesive contact with the laminating interlayer, since it forms a continuum of material (there is no space between the interlayer and the rear band).

[0142] The rear band may be made of PVB, but may be a different PVB than the PVB of the intermediate layer and / or may have a different thickness, e.g., a thinner thickness, than at least E3. The rear band (PVB) / intermediate layer (PVB) interface may be distinguishable.

[0143] Preferably, the rear band (made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB)) contains less than 15% by weight, preferably less than 10% by weight, and better still less than 5% by weight of plasticizer, in particular is plasticizer-free, and in particular has a thickness of at most 0.5 mm, preferably at most 0.3 mm and better at most 0.15 mm, in particular 25 to 100 μm, 40 to 70 μm, or even at most 50 μm. And the laminating interlayer is based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB) (with plasticizer, in particular more than 15% by weight of a conventional plasticizer), and in particular has a thickness of at least 0.3 mm, better still at least 0.5 mm.

[0144] The local front band and / or rear band may be based on (made of) polyvinyl butyral (PVB) containing less than 15% by weight of plasticizer, in particular plasticizer-free, and in particular the lamination interlayer is made of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) with plasticizer, in particular with more than 15% by weight of plasticizer.

[0145] For example (with selective films (filters) or selective coatings (selective filters) deposited on F2): - adhesive layer such as PSA / polymer film or overlapping polymer films glued together / adhesive layer such as PSA or backing band, - a front band / polymer film or overlapping polymer films glued together / adhesive layer such as PSA or a rear band, - adhesive layers / polymer films such as PSA or overlapping / interlayers of polymer films glued together, - a front band / polymer film or overlap / intermediate layer of polymer films glued together, - a front band or adhesive layer such as PSA / polymer film or overlapping polymer films glued together / intermediate layer / polymer film or overlapping polymer films glued together / adhesive layer such as PSA or rear band, - Interlayers / polymer films or overlapping polymer films glued together / adhesive layers such as PSA, - Intermediate layer / polymer film or overlap / back band of polymer films glued together.

[0146] The laminate interlayer may be perforated at said through-hole and even extending slightly beyond it (in particular by at most 50 mm) before the edge zone of the hole.

[0147] The glazing may comprise a multilayer comprising, at least below the through-hole, a first PVB layer in adhesive contact with face F2 forming the front band / in particular at least one polymer film or overlap of polymer films forming or being part of the selective filter / a second PVB layer perforated at the through-hole forming the rear band.

[0148] The front band is in contact with the laminate interlayer and the rear band is in contact with the laminate interlayer.

[0149] The three layers may not include a filter (for example, in the case of painting in F2).

[0150] In one embodiment, the selective filter comprises a polymer film, in particular PET, preferably at most 0.3 mm, 0.15 mm thick, comprising: - pigmented polymer films, in particular PET, with a thickness of at most 0.3 mm / 0.15 mm, containing a colorant that gives the entire film a color; - and / or a film (colorless or colored) coated with a colored layer made of a compound comprising a matrix (organic, polymer, organic-inorganic hybrid: sol-gel method) and a colorant dispersed in the matrix, which absorbs (almost all of) light located in the visible light range and is (almost) transparent on its main surface at the operating wavelength.

[0151] In one embodiment, the selective filter comprises a layer made of a compound comprising a matrix (organic, polymeric, inorganic or hybrid) and a colorant dispersed in said matrix, said colorant absorbing (almost all of) the light located in said visible light range and being (almost) transparent at said operating wavelength, said layer being such that in the zone of said holes: - coating on face F2, or a coating on the lamination interlayer on face FA or FB, preferably made of PVB, in particular an ink further comprising PVB particles, or a coating on an additional polymer film, in particular PET, on the main face facing F2 or F3, preferably bonded to face F2, with a thickness of at most 0.3 mm, 0.15 mm, is formed.

[0152] The color layer can be sub-millimeter, or even at most 20 μm thick.

[0153] The composition of the colored layer can be a polymer or an organic-inorganic hybrid.

[0154] The composition / polymer matrix of the color layer is selected from among monomers, oligomers or polymers containing at least one methacrylate functional group, epoxides, varnishes composed of dispersed PVB particles, latexes, polyurethanes or acrylates.

[0155] The selective filter can contain any pigment or dye that has a higher transmittance in the infrared than in visible light, such as a near-infrared black ink that transmits wavelengths in the near-infrared while substantially absorbing wavelengths in the visible light. For example, the selective filter (layer) can contain a dye or ink, such as Spectre™ ink, such as Spectre® 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, or 160 (Epolin, Newark, NJ); Mimaki ink, such as Mimaki ES3, SS21, BS3, SS2, or HS (Mimaki Global, Tomi City, Nagano Prefecture, Japan); or Seiko ink, such as Seiko 1000, 1300, SG700, SG740, or VIC (Seiko Advance Co., Ltd., Japan), or even MingBo Anti-Forgery Technology Co., Ltd.'s black ink IR9508.

[0156] The selective filter (layer) may contain one or more dye components of black, cyan, magenta or yellow.

[0157] The selective filter (layer) can be a coating containing dyes or pigments or both. The selective layer can include Lumogen® Black FK4280 or Lumogen Black FK4281 (BASF, Southfield, MI).

[0158] In some examples, the selective filter (layered) can include a multi-layer film, one or more layers of which include a dye, a pigment, or both.

[0159] Preferably, The colorant is selected from Sudan Black B® or Nigrosine Solvent Black 5, preferably Sudan Black B®. The colorant represents 0.1 to 10% by weight of the layer, preferably 0.2 to 3% by weight of the layer.

[0160] The selective filter (layer) can be a varnish of less than 30 μm.

[0161] For layered selective filters, the layer thickness or the weight percentage of the colorant can be adjusted, particularly at least 1%, 5% to 20%, 30% weight percentage.

[0162] The selective filter may comprise a polymer film such as PET that has been dyed throughout by a "roll-to-roll" "dyeing" (dyeing) process, specifically by immersion in a hot bath with the dye. The final concentration of the dye must be sufficient to result in opacity in visible light. See patents WO 9307329 or U.S. Pat. No. 5,162,046.

[0163] On a polymer film such as PET, one optional layer can be placed per major surface.

[0164] A polymer film such as PET that is colored throughout can be combined with a selective layer on this film, with another polymer film such as PET on PVB remaining facing the hole or on face F2.

[0165] The laminated interlayer is a multilayer comprising a first PVB layer in adhesive contact with face F2 / a polymer film forming or being part of said selective filter / a second PVB layer perforated at said through holes, the polymer film optionally carrying a solar control layer outside said through holes.

[0166] The laminating interlayer comprises, in the zone of said through holes, a PVB that is part of one of the following stacks (particularly pre-assembled): -p) selective filters / PVB ( / anti-reflection elements, especially those containing polymer films of the PET type), -q) selective filters ( / anti-reflection coatings) such as PVB / F'A or F'B with a colored layer and / or a colored polymer film as a whole, -r) selective filters / adhesives ( / anti-reflection films) such as PVB / F'A or F'B with a colored layer and / or a colored polymer film as a whole, -s) PVB / colored layer ( / anti-reflective coating).

[0167] Then, rear bands for p), q) and r) can be added to the edge zones of the through-holes.

[0168] Furthermore, the glazing according to the invention may comprise an (opaque) support base glued on face F4 which comprises a hole (larger or in the extension of said hole) at said through-hole, in particular an opaque, possibly reinforced plastic support base with means capable of supporting or maintaining an infrared viewing system at said operating wavelength, such as a LIDAR.

[0169] In particular, a support, especially of sub-centimeter thickness, in particular 1 to 3 mm, or even 1.5 to 2.5 mm, can be glued onto face F4, made for example of a plastic, optionally reinforced (e.g., with fibers), based on formaldehyde (polyoxymethylene POM), polymers of polybrominated terphenyl (PBT), in particular PA66 GF30 (30% glass fiber), preferably filled with glass fibers for additional strength, such as polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA66), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and ABS-PC alloys, polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA).

[0170] The support may serve to carry or help maintain or stabilize the LIDAR and / or the housing encasing the LIDAR.

[0171] Like the through-holes, this support is preferably peripheral, in particular at the upper edge of the glazing, for example in the central zone, which (traditionally) is the zone where the rearview mirror (with or without it) is located.

[0172] This support base can also carry or contribute to maintaining or stabilizing one or more other functional elements, such as sensors, for example cameras in the visible light range and / or thermal cameras (greater than 2.5 μm, at least 9.5-10.5 μm, preferably 8-12 μm), or any other sensors (raindrops, external brightness, etc.). This support base contains holes in the number (and size) required for the sensor(s). It can also carry or contribute to maintaining or stabilizing individual or common housings for thermal or visible light cameras and / or LIDAR, thermal cameras and / or cameras in the visible light range.

[0173] If the hole is a notch, part of this notch will be masked by the frame of the glazing and therefore will not be functional for the viewing system. The same is true if the hole is closed and too close to the edge.

[0174] When the hole is closed, the edge of the hole closest to the part of the glazing (preferably the edge in the upper longitudinal direction and especially in the central zone) is at least 2 cm or 3 cm, better still 5 cm, away from this part of the glazing (of the second sheet).

[0175] The through-holes may be in the central zone of the upper longitudinal edge of the windshield, in the usual zone of the interior rearview mirror (the rearview mirror adjacent to the hole or removed, depending on the vehicle), in zones where the masking layer of surfaces F2 and / or FA is generally thicker than on the lateral zones (passenger, driver, etc.) along the upper edge.

[0176] Preferably, the through holes have a cross section, in particular of the trapezoidal or circular or oval type, such as: - a cross section of smaller dimensions of at least 2, 3, 5 or 8 cm (e.g. adapted to the size of an infrared viewing system), - and preferably (for mechanical reasons) a cross section of larger dimensions (especially the long side or diameter) of at most 40 cm, 30 cm, 20 cm, and preferably, the anti-reflective coating occupies a surface area encompassing the holes and is at most 30 cm long.

[0177] In particular, the cross section of the through hole is quadrilateral, in particular rectangular or trapezoidal, wherein: - the first (long) side or so-called upper longitudinal edge (closest to the upper longitudinal edge section of the glazing) is preferably parallel to the upper longitudinal edge section of the glazing and preferably has a length of at most 30 cm, 20 cm or 15 cm or 12 cm, in particular is spaced from this section by at least 5 cm or 6 cm, the second (long) side or so-called lower longitudinal edge (the one furthest from the upper longitudinal edge part of the glazing and closer to the central zone) is preferably parallel to the upper longitudinal edge part of the glazing and preferably has a length of at most 35 cm or 30 cm or 25 cm or 20 cm and preferably a length greater than the first long side, The height (between these long sides) is preferably at least 5 cm, or even at most 15 cm.

[0178] If the holes are small, at most 10, 8, 5 or 2 cm, they are preferably circular holes.

[0179] The through holes are along the longitudinal edges; alternatively, the through holes are along the lateral edges.

[0180] In the case of a rear window, the through-holes may be annular along the longitudinal edges (especially the upper part) or along the lateral edges.

[0181] By definition, a through-hole is an empty space, or at least a space that is not filled (in its central portion) with some material that is absorbent in the targeted near-infrared, which would be placed between the anti-reflective coating and the infrared viewing system.

[0182] However, it is possible to envisage inserts (closed, open), in particular of ring type (monolithic or made of several separate or connected pieces) of at most 1.5 cm width, made for example of flexible material, polymer (polycarbonate, polyamide, polyolefin, polypropylene, etc.), such as: - an insert mounted (in particular glued or force-fit) onto the wall of the second sheet of glass or plastic which bounds (in its upper part) the hole, - Furthermore, likewise, an insert which is in contact with the wall of the laminate interlayer and even on face F2.

[0183] This insert may extend beyond the hole, in particular on face F4.

[0184] This insert can be used for: - To place all or part of an infrared viewing system in the hole, or intermediate optics between the anti-reflective coating and the infrared viewing system; - To install the whole or part of the fixing means of the infrared viewing system in the hole.

[0185] If the holes in the intermediate layer are made before lamination and an insert is placed at the intermediate layer before lamination (especially at a temperature of at most 150°C, especially under pressure), this insert can help to avoid or reduce creep of the intermediate layer on the free surface of the antireflective coating.

[0186] In one embodiment, the invention comprises an anti-reflection coating on the free surface of the element below or in said through-hole, at least for said so-called operating wavelengths in the infrared, where the element with one free surface is selected from among at least one of the following elements: - a polymer film, in particular a PET film, with a thickness of at most 0.3 μm / 0.15 μm, which forms the whole or part of the selective filter or which is connected to and covers the selective filter; a laminated intermediate layer (at most partially perforated on the side FB along the film-like selective filter), either bare or coated (with the active layer of the selective filter on the side Fa), - a colored layer of said selective filter.

[0187] The through holes are preferably located within the peripheral zone of the laminated glazing, preferably within the upper longitudinal edge and / or the central peripheral region, and the anti-reflective coating is localized and within this peripheral zone.

[0188] The through holes have a given shape, in particular of convex cross section, for example a trapezoidal or rectangular or round or oval shape. The anti-reflection coating can have a similar shape.

[0189] The AR coating can be directly on the polymer film or on a functional underlayer (including selective color layers and even "hard coat" type layers).

[0190] The selective coating can be directly on the polymer film or on a functional underlayer.

[0191] The first glass sheet may comprise, on the free surface of an element below or in said through-hole of the second sheet, an anti-reflection coating at least at so-called operating wavelengths in the infrared in the range of 800 nm to 1800 nm, where this element is selected from the following: a polymer film forming all or part of the selective filter or bonded to the selective filter; - a bare or coated (e.g., active layer of a selective filter on face F3) polymer film for mechanical protection, - a laminated intermediate layer (at most partially perforated on the side of the face FB along with the film-like selective filter) that is bare or coated (on the side of the face Fa with the active layer of the selective filter);

[0192] Anti-reflective coatings can include a stack of thin dielectric layers (eg, oxides and / or nitrides of metals or silicon) with alternating high and low refractive indices (at the operating wavelength).

[0193] The anti-reflective coating preferably comprises a porous (functional) silica layer, preferably sol-gel.

[0194] In a first embodiment, the pores are the interstices of a sparsely stacked layer of nanometric beads, in particular of silica, which layer is described in US Patent Application Publication No. 2004 / 0258929.

[0195] In a second embodiment, the porous layer is obtained by deposition of a condensed silica sol (silica oligomer) densified by NH3-type vapors, this layer being described, for example, in WO 2005 / 049757.

[0196] In a third embodiment, the porous layer may also be of the sol-gel type, as described in EP 1 329 433. The porous layer may also be obtained using other known foaming agents, namely micelles of cationic surfactant molecules in dissolved and optionally hydrolyzed form, or micelles of anionic surfactants, micelles of nonionic surfactants, or amphiphilic molecules, such as block copolymers.

[0197] In a fourth embodiment, the porous layer may also be of the sol-gel type as described in WO 2008 / 059170. The porous layer may thus be obtained using a foaming agent which is preferably polymeric beads.

[0198] The anti-reflective coating according to the invention, in particular of porous silica, can advantageously have a thickness of 10 nm to 10 μm (these limits included), in particular 50 nm to 1 μm, even more preferably 70 to 500 nm.

[0199] The porous silica layer may have closed pores of at least 20 nm, 50 nm or 80 nm, and in some cases the functional layer may comprise pores that increase in density towards the free surface.

[0200] The pores may have an elongated shape, in particular like a grain of rice. Even more preferably, the pores may have an approximately spherical or oval shape. It is preferred that the majority of the closed pores, even at least 80% of them, have an approximately identical given shape, in particular an elongated shape, which is approximately spherical or oval.

[0201] The anti-reflective coating may in particular comprise a chemically protective underlayer, for example at most 200 nm thick, in particular a sol-gel based dense silica layer on top of which is a sol-gel porous silica functional layer.

[0202] The underlayer may be based on silica or an at least partially oxidized silicon derivative selected from among silicon dioxide, substoichiometric silicon oxide, silicon oxycarbide, silicon oxynitride or silicon oxycarbonitride.

[0203] The underlayer has been found to be useful when the underlying surface is made of soda-lime-silica glass because it acts as a barrier to alkali.

[0204] This underlayer therefore advantageously comprises Si, O, and possibly carbon and nitrogen. However, it may also comprise materials that are in small amounts compared to silicon, such as metals such as Al, Zn or Zr. The underlayer may be deposited by sol-gel or by pyrolysis, in particular by vapor phase pyrolysis (CVD). This latter technique is quite easy to apply, especially in the case of glass substrates, by direct deposition onto float glass ribbons. x C y Alternatively, a SiO2 layer can be obtained. However, it is also possible to carry out the deposition by vacuum techniques, for example by cathodic sputtering from a (possibly doped) Si target or a silicon suboxide target (for example in an oxidizing and / or nitriding reactive atmosphere). This underlayer preferably has a thickness of at least 5 nm, in particular from 10 nm to 200 nm, for example from 80 nm to 120 nm.

[0205] Antireflective coatings can also include overlayers if they do not modify the antireflective properties.

[0206] Similarly, an anti-reflection coating can be placed on face F1 in front of the coating on face F2.

[0207] The anti-reflective coating may have the same shape as the cross section of the hole, for example a trapezoid or even a rectangle.

[0208] Although a priori it is less preferred, the anti-reflection coating may be present only in a central zone in front of said through-hole, not extending beyond the through-hole, and preferably spaced from the edge of the through-hole by at most 1 cm, e.g., the free surface within the through-hole has a length and / or side of at least 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, preferably at most 30 cm.

[0209] Without departing from the scope of the invention, the interlayer can of course comprise several sheets made of thermoplastic material with different properties, for example different hardnesses to ensure the function of sound insulation as described in US Patent No. 6,132,882, in particular an assembly of PVB sheets of different hardness. Similarly, one of the glass sheets can be thinner than the thickness conventionally used.

[0210] The intermediate layer may, according to the invention, have a wedge shape, particularly for HUD (Head Up Display) applications.Similarly, one of the sheets of the intermediate layer may be entirely colored.

[0211] In addition to PVB, other commonly used lamination interlayers include polyurethane (PU), which is used in a flexible state, plasticizer-free thermoplastic resins such as ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers, and ionomer resins. These plastics typically have a thickness of 0.2 to 1.1 mm, preferably 0.3 to 0.7 mm.

[0212] Laminating interlayers can include other functional plastic films (transparent, clear or colored), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films carrying conductive athermal layers, for example PVB / functional film / PVB between faces F2 and F3.

[0213] The transparent plastic film can have a thickness of 10 to 100 μm.

[0214] The transparent plastic film may be made more broadly from polyamide, polyester, polyolefin (PE: polyethylene, PP: polypropylene), polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), or polycarbonate (PC). A clear film of PET is particularly preferred.

[0215] For example, coated PET clear films, such as Eastman XIR, PET-PMMA coextrusion films, such as those of the SRF 3M® type, as well as many other films (e.g. made of PC, PE, PEN, PMMA, PVC) that are as visually transparent as possible and do not change in the autoclave with respect to their surface and their viscosity can be used as well.

[0216] In order to limit overheating of the vehicle interior or the use of air conditioning, at least one of the first and second sheets (preferably the exterior glass) is tinted, and the laminated glazing may also comprise a layer that reflects or absorbs solar radiation, preferably on face F4 or on face F2 or F3, in particular a transparent conductive oxide layer, called a TCO layer (on face F4), and also a stack of thin layers comprising at least one TCO layer, or a stack of thin layers comprising at least one silver layer (on F2 or F3), wherein the or each silver layer is arranged between dielectric layers.

[0217] The (silver) layers on faces F2 and / or F3 can be combined with the TCO layer on face F4.

[0218] The TCO layer (transparent conductive oxide layer) is preferably a fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO2:F) layer or an insidium tin oxide (ITO) layer.

[0219] Preferably, no solar radiation reflecting or absorbing layer is present in front of said through-hole.

[0220] The glazing can therefore comprise on face F2, if necessary absent in said through-hole at least in the central zone, a functional coating, in particular a silver overlay, which is an athermal, in particular electrically conductive, possibly heatable functional layer, between faces F2 and Fa at the edge of the through-hole.

[0221] The interlayer (or any other polymer film) may in particular comprise heating metal wires (face FB, face FA, etc.) that are fixed on the surface and that are present or, if necessary, not present in front of the through holes of the second glass sheet.

[0222] The heating wire is in particular preferably made of copper, tungsten, gold, silver or aluminium or an alloy of at least two of these metals and has a thickness of less than or equal to 0.1 mm.

[0223] In one embodiment, the heating zone of the glazing (possibly locally, in front of the through-hole in the second glass sheet) includes a plurality of individual metal wires, called "heating wires," which connect the "busbars" to one another. A heating current passes through these individual metal wires. The wires are advantageously very thin so as not to degrade, or only slightly degrade, the transparency of the glazing. Preferably, the metal wires have a thickness of 0.1 mm or less, in particular 0.02 to 0.04 mm, and ideally 0.024 to 0.029 mm. The metal wires preferably contain copper, tungsten, gold, silver, or aluminum, or an alloy of at least two of these metals. The alloy may also contain molybdenum, rhenium, osmium, iridium, palladium, or platinum. The metal wires are preferably electrically insulated.

[0224] As regards the glass of the first glass sheet and / or the second glass sheet, this is a soda-lime-silica type glass.

[0225] The first glass sheet, in particular based on silica, soda lime, soda lime silica (preferred), or aluminosilicate or borosilicate, has a total iron oxide (expressed in the form of Fe2O3) weight content of at most 0.05% (500 ppm), preferably at most 0.03% (300 ppm) and at most 0.015% (150 ppm) and in particular greater than or equal to 0.005%.

[0226] The second glass sheet, which is in particular based on silica, soda lime, preferably soda lime silica (and like the first glass sheet), but also on aluminosilicate or borosilicate, has a total iron oxide (expressed in the form of Fe2O3) weight content of at least 0.4%, preferably at most 1.5%.

[0227] Furthermore, it is possible to envisage an overlay of a functional coating, in particular silver, on face F2, which is absent from said through-hole at least in the central zone, but which is present at the edge of the through-hole between faces F2 and FA, in particular an electrically conductive, possibly heatable functional layer, and the selective filter is possibly in contact with a functional layer, in particular above or below the athermal functional layer.

[0228] In one configuration, the first glazing is made of mineral glass and the second glazing is made of, for example, a thinner plastic (film), such as PC, PMMA, PET, etc. Alternatively, it is a second glass sheet.

[0229] According to the invention, pre-assembled elements are used in glued or adhesive contact outside the lamination line to simplify and accelerate the manufacture of the glazing.

[0230] The second glass or plastic sheet is particularly green, blue or gray. The second glass sheet can be green with iron, or even blue with CoO, or gray with Se and CoO.

[0231] Mention may in particular be made of the applicant's glasses designated, for example, green TSAx (0.5-0.6% iron), TSA2+, TSA3+ (0.8-0.9% iron), TSA4+ (1% iron) and TSA5+.

[0232] TSA3+ (2.1 mm), for example, has a total transmittance at 905 nm of about 40% and a total transmittance at 1550 nm of about 50%.

[0233] The second glass sheet may have a redox, defined as the ratio between the FeO (iron divalent) weight content and the total iron oxide (expressed in the form of Fe2O3) weight content, of 0.22 to 0.35 or 0.30.

[0234] Said second glass sheet may have a chemical composition comprising the following components in contents varying within the weight limits defined below: SiO2 64-75% Al2O30-5% B2O3 0~5%, CaO 2-15% MgO 0-5%. Na2O 9~18% K2O 0~5% SO3 0.1-0.35% Fe2O3 (total iron) at least 0.4%, preferably 0.4-1.5%; In some cases, redox 0.22~0.3 and especially impurities less than 0.1%.

[0235] The inner and / or outer glass may have undergone a chemical or thermal treatment of the hardening, annealing, tempering (especially for better mechanical strength) type, or may be semi-tempered.

[0236] The glass of the first and / or second glass sheets is preferably of the float type, i.e., glass that is considered to have been obtained by a process consisting of pouring molten glass onto a molten tin bath ("float" bath). The "atmosphere" and "tin" surfaces refer to the surfaces that were in contact with the atmosphere prevailing in the float bath and the surfaces that were in contact with the molten tin, respectively.

[0237] The tin surface contains small amounts of tin on the surface that are diffused within the structure of the glass.

[0238] Face F2 may be the "tin" face or the "atmosphere" face.

[0239] The first glass sheet can be, for example, a soda-lime-silica glass such as Diamant® from Saint-Gobain Glass or Optiwhite® from Pilkington, or B270® from Schott, or Sunmax® glass from AGC, or other compositions as described in WO 04 / 025334. Likewise, Planiclear® glass from Saint-Gobain Glass can also be chosen.

[0240] In typical natural sources, the total iron oxide content is approximately 0.1% (1000 ppm) by weight. To reduce the iron oxide content, very pure sources can be selected.

[0241] In the present invention, the Fe2O3 (total iron) content of the first glass sheet is preferably less than 0.015%, even 0.012% or less, and particularly 0.010% in order to increase the near-infrared transmittance of the glass. The Fe2O3 content is preferably 0.005% or more, and particularly 0.008%, so as not to excessively disadvantage the cost of the glass.

[0242] To further increase the transmittance of the first glass sheet in the infrared, the ferrous iron content can be reduced in favor of the ferric iron content, thus oxidizing the iron present in the glass. This results in a glass with the lowest possible "redox," ideally zero or near zero. This value can vary between 0 and 0.9, with zero redox corresponding to a fully oxidized glass.

[0243] Glasses containing small amounts of iron oxide, especially less than 200 ppm or even less than 150 ppm, have a natural tendency to have high redox values ​​above 0.4 or even above 0.5, possibly due to a shift in the iron redox balance as a function of iron oxide content.

[0244] The redox of the first glass sheet is preferably 0.15 or more, in particular 0.2 to 0.30, especially 0.25 to 0.30. An excessively low redox can actually cause a shortened furnace life.

[0245] In the glass according to the invention (first sheet and also second sheet), the silica SiO2 is generally kept within narrow limits for the following reasons: above 75%, the viscosity of the glass and its tendency to devitrify increase significantly, which makes its melting and its pouring onto a molten tin bath more difficult; below 60%, in particular below 64%, the hydrolysis resistance of the glass decreases rapidly; a preferred content is between 65 and 75%, in particular between 71 and 73%.

[0246] The first glass sheet may have a chemical composition comprising the following components in contents varying within the weight limits defined below: SiO2 60-75% Al2O3 0-10% B2O3 0-5%, preferably 0% CaO 5-15% MgO 0-10%. Na2O 5-20% K2O 0~10% BaO 0-5%, preferably 0% SO3 0.1-0.4% Fe2O3 (total iron) 0-0.015% Redox 0.1~0.3.

[0247] Throughout this specification, percentages are percentages by weight.

[0248] The glass sheets are preferably formed by a float process on a tin bath.

[0249] Other types of fabrication processes can be used, such as the pull-up method, the "down-draw" method, the roll-out method, the Furcol method, and the like.

[0250] The glass composition of the first glass sheet may contain, apart from unavoidable impurities present in particular in the raw materials, small proportions (up to 1%) of other components, such as substances that aid in the melting or fining of the glass (such as Cl) or even elements resulting from the melting of refractories used in the construction of the furnace (such as ZrO). For the reasons already mentioned, the composition according to the invention preferably does not contain oxides such as SbO, AsO or CeO.

[0251] The composition of the first glass sheet preferably does not contain any substances that absorb infrared radiation (especially at wavelengths between 800 and 1800 nm). In particular, the composition according to the present invention preferably does not contain any of the following substances: oxides of transition elements such as CoO, CuO, Cr2O3, NiO, MnO2, and V2O5; oxides of rare earth elements such as CeO2, La2O3, Nd2O3, and Er2O3; and elemental colorants such as Se, Ag, and Cu. Other substances that are preferably excluded include oxides of the following elements: Sc, Y, Pr, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Tm, Yb, and Lu. These substances often have a very strong, undesirable coloring effect, sometimes even at very low concentrations of around a few ppm or less (1 ppm = 0.0001%). Their presence thus significantly reduces the transmittance of the glass.

[0252] Preferably, the first glass sheet has a chemical composition comprising the following components in contents varying within the weight limits defined below: SiO2 60-75% Al2O3 0-10% B2O3 0-5%, preferably 0% CaO 5-15% MgO 0-10%. Na2O 5-20% K2O 0~10% BaO 0-5%, preferably 0% SO30.2>~0.4% Fe2O3 (total iron) 0-0.015% Redox 0.2~0.30.

[0253] The first glass sheet may have a chemical composition comprising the following components in contents varying within the weight limits defined below: SiO2 60-75% Al2O3 0-10% B2O3 0-5%, preferably 0% CaO 5-15% MgO 0-10%. Na2O 5-20% K2O 0~10% BaO 0-5%, preferably 0% SO3 0.1-0.4% Fe2O3 (total iron) 0-0.02%, Redox 0.15~0.3.

[0254] In the present invention, in order to increase the near-infrared transmittance of the glass, the Fe2O3 (total iron) content is preferably less than 0.015%, further 0.012% or less, and particularly 0.010%. The Fe2O3 content is preferably 0.005% or more, particularly 0.008%, so as not to excessively disadvantage the cost of the glass.

[0255] The redox is preferably 0.15 or more, in particular 0.2 to 0.30, especially 0.25 to 0.30. An excessively low redox can actually cause a shortened furnace life.

[0256] In the glass according to the invention, the silica SiO2 is generally kept within narrow limits for the following reasons: above 75%, the viscosity of the glass and its tendency to devitrify increase significantly, which makes its melting and its pouring onto a molten tin bath more difficult; below 60%, in particular below 64%, the hydrolytic resistance of the glass decreases rapidly; the preferred content is 65-75%, in particular 71-73%.

[0257] Other preferred compositions according to the invention are reproduced below: SiO2 65-75% Al2O30-3% CaO 7-12% MgO 2-5%. Na2O 10-15% K2O 0~5% SO3 0.1-0.3% Fe2O3 (total iron) 0 to less than 0.015% Redox 0.1~0.3.

[0258] Other preferred compositions according to the invention are reproduced below: SiO2 65-75% Al2O30-5% CaO 7-12% MgO 1-5%. Na2O 10-15% K2O 0~5% SO3 0.2-0.4% Fe2O3 (total iron) 0 to less than 0.015% Redox 0.1~0.3.

[0259] Naturally, the most sought-after application is for the glazing to be windshields for road vehicles (automobiles) and even rail vehicles (moderate speeds).

[0260] The invention also relates to a vehicle, in particular an autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicle, incorporating a vehicle glazing according to the invention, in particular forming a windscreen.

[0261] The present invention also provides - glazing as described above, - an infrared viewing system at said operating wavelength, such as a LIDAR, positioned within the vehicle interior behind said glazing so as to transmit and / or receive radiation after passing through the first glass sheet at said through-hole; It also relates to a device, in particular a (road) vehicle, comprising:

[0262] In terms of manufacturing, the structure to be laminated can be bagged and placed in a drying oven for degassing.

[0263] The lamination may be a heat treatment under pressure and / or vacuum at a temperature of at most 200° C. or 130° C., or even at least 100° C. to 120° C. An autoclave may be used.

[0264] The present invention provides Before lamination, face F2, facing the through-holes and in the edge zones of the through-holes, comprises an element (such as a stack) containing the selective filter, such as a stack of polymer films, in particular polyester, PET or polymer films glued in particular with a PSA glue, with a total thickness of at most 0.2 mm, even at most 0.15 mm, and a lamination interlayer, in particular a single or multiple layer of PVB, facing the through-holes of the second sheet and in the edge zones of the through-holes, which is a so-called interlayer through-hole, face FA being on the element, and in particular face FB being on face F3, After said lamination, the interlayer holes optionally extend beyond said through holes in the second (glass) sheet by at most 5 mm. It also relates to a method for manufacturing said laminated glazing as previously described.

[0265] The present invention provides Before lamination, the face F2, facing the through-holes and in the edge zones of the through-holes, contains an element containing the selective filter, in particular a stack of polymer films, in particular polyester, PET or polymer films glued together, in particular with a PSA glue, having a total thickness of at least 0.2 mm, and a lamination interlayer, in particular a PVB monolayer or multilayer, containing so-called interlayer through-holes facing the through-holes of the second sheet and in the edge zones of the through-holes, the element is within the intermediate layer aperture; and in the edge zone of the through hole, between the element and the face F3 of the rear band, Preferably, after said lamination, at said interlayer hole, the element is in adhesive contact with the interlayer and / or the rear band is in adhesive contact with the interlayer, possibly extending into the through-hole of the second (glass) sheet by at most 5 mm, It also relates to a method for manufacturing said laminated glazing as previously described.

[0266] The present invention provides Before lamination, face F2, facing the through-holes and in the edge zones of the through-holes, comprises an element (such as a stack) containing the selective filter, such as a stack of polymer films, in particular polyester, PET or polymer films glued together by means of a PSA glue, the element having in particular a total thickness of at least 0.2 mm, a lamination interlayer, in particular PVB, comprising a first sheet or a first multi-layer, with first so-called interlayer through-holes facing the through-holes of a second sheet and in the edge zones of the through-holes, the element is within the intermediate layer aperture; the laminated interlayer includes a second sheet having a second interlayer hole not as large as the first hole, in the edge zone of said through hole between the element and face F3; Preferably, after said lamination: an element in adhesive contact with the intermediate layer at the first intermediate layer aperture; the second interlayer hole possibly protrudes into the through hole of the second (glass) sheet by at most 5 mm, It relates to a method for manufacturing a laminated glazing as previously described.

[0267] Furthermore, prior to the formation of the structure to be laminated (first sheet, intermediate layer, second sheet including polymer film element and with optional filter), the elements including the front band and / or the rear band are pre-assembled.

[0268] It may be preferable to preassemble the selective film with an adhesive layer (such as a dielectric) protected, for example, by a removable film (liner), before positioning it between the first and second sheets.

[0269] To simplify and accelerate the manufacture of the glazing, it may be preferable to use elements that are preassembled by gluing or adhesive contact outside the lamination line.

[0270] For example, the PVB front band / selective film two layers can be pre-assembled and then placed and bonded (e.g., by localized heating) onto a PVB interlayer sheet (perforated or not perforated under the through holes) or onto a PVB rear band.

[0271] In particular, the following pre-assembled elements can be formed prior to lamination: a PVB front sheet / film (selective filter) with an associated perforated PVB sheet bonded to the front sheet.

[0272] Several advantageous, but non-limiting, embodiments of the present invention are described below, which can of course be combined if desired. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0273] [Figure 1] A windshield 100 in a first embodiment of the invention is shown schematically in partial cross section with an infrared viewing system 7 such as a LIDAR. [Figure 1A] FIG. 2 is a detailed view of FIG. [Figure 1a] FIG. 2 is a partial front view of the windshield (cabin side) of FIG. [Figure 1b] The windshield 100 of FIG. 1 is shown schematically in front view (exterior side). [Figure 1c] The windshield 100 of FIG. 1 in one variant is shown diagrammatically in front view (exterior side). [Figure 1d] The windshield 100 of FIG. 1 in one variant is shown diagrammatically in front view (exterior side). [Figure 1e] The windshield 100 of FIG. 1 in one variant is shown diagrammatically in front view (exterior side). [Figure 2] A windshield 200 according to a second embodiment of the present invention is shown in a partially detailed cross-sectional view centered on a through-hole. [Figure 3]A windshield 300 according to a third embodiment of the present invention is shown in a partially detailed cross-sectional view centered on a through-hole. [Figure 3A] FIG. 3 shows a schematic front view (vehicle compartment side) of a windshield 300. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 shows a partial detailed cross-sectional view of a windshield 400 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, centered on a through-hole. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 shows a partial detailed cross-sectional view of a windshield 500 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, centered on a through-hole. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 shows a windshield 600 according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention in a partially detailed cross-sectional view centered on a through-hole. [Figure 6a] A windshield 600a according to a first variant of the sixth embodiment of the invention is shown diagrammatically in a partial detailed cross-sectional view centered on the through-hole. [Figure 6b] A windshield 600b according to a second variant of the sixth embodiment of the invention is shown diagrammatically in a partial detailed cross-sectional view centered on the through-hole. [Figure 6c] A windshield 600c according to a third variant of the sixth embodiment of the present invention is shown schematically in a partial detailed cross-sectional view centered on the through-hole. [Figure 7] A windshield 700 according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention is shown in a partially detailed cross-sectional view centered on a through-hole. [Figure 7A] FIG. 8 is a partial front view of the windshield (cabin side) of FIG. 7. [Figure 8] A windshield 800 according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention is shown schematically in a partial detailed cross-sectional view centered on a through-hole. [Figure 9] A windshield 900 according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention is shown in a partially detailed cross-sectional view centered on a through-hole. [Figure 9A] A windshield 900' according to a variant of the ninth embodiment of the present invention is shown diagrammatically in a partial detailed cross-sectional view centered on the through-hole.

[0274] The figures are not to scale. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0275] Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a windshield 100 according to the present invention, together with an infrared viewing system 7, such as an 850 nm, 905 nm, or 1550 nm LIDAR. Figure 1A (sometimes referred to as Figure 1') is a detailed view of Figure 1, and Figure 1a is a partial front view of the windshield of Figure 1. Figure 1A (sometimes referred to as Figure 1') is a detailed view of Figure 1. Figure 1a is a partial front view of the windshield (cabin side) of Figure 1.

[0276] FIG. 1b shows the windshield 100 of FIG. 1 in a schematic front view (exterior side).

[0277] The viewing system 7 is preferably installed behind the windshield facing a zone located in the upper central part of the windshield. Within this zone, the infrared viewing system 7 is oriented at an angle to the windshield surface (plane F2). In particular, the LIDAR may be oriented directly towards the image capture zone in a direction parallel to the ground or close to parallel to the ground, i.e., slightly inclined towards the road.

[0278] The windshield is a laminated glazing that includes: an outer glass sheet 1, with an outer face 11 called F1 and an inner face 12 called F2; and an inner glass sheet 1' (or in a variant, plastic) of thickness, for example 1.6 mm or even less, with an outer surface 13 called F3 and an inner surface 14 called F4 on the passenger compartment side, - these two glass sheets are most often interposed between intermediate layers 3 made of thermoplastic material, preferably made of transparent polyvinyl butyral (PVB) of sub-millimeter thickness, possibly with a cross section decreasing in the form of a wedge from top to bottom of the laminated glazing, for example PVB (Solutia or Eastman RC41) of about 0.76 mm thickness and / or sound-insulating PVB (3- or 4-layer) of about 0.81 mm thickness, if required in variants; , for example, three PVB sheets or even a PVB / functional PET (eg, solar radiation control) / PVB triple layer.

[0279] As is well known in the art, the windshield is obtained by hot lamination of elements 1, 1' and 3. For example, a 0.76 mm clear PVB is selected. When holding the PVB facing the through-hole, it is preferable that this PVB is most transparent at the operating wavelength.

[0280] The first glass sheet 1, which is based in particular on silica, soda lime, soda lime silica (preferred), aluminosilicate or borosilicate, has a total iron oxide (expressed in the form of Fe2O3) weight content of at most 0.05% (500 ppm), preferably at most 0.03% (300 ppm) and at most 0.015% (150 ppm), in particular 0.005% or more. The first glass sheet can have a redox of at least 0.15, in particular 0.2-0.30, in particular 0.25-0.30.

[0281] In particular, 1.95 mm OPTWHITE glass is selected.

[0282] The second glass sheet 1', which is in particular based on silica, soda lime, preferably soda lime silica (and similar to the first glass sheet), or also on aluminosilicate or borosilicate, has a total iron oxide weight content of at least 0.4%, preferably at most 1.5%. The second glass sheet may have a Redox of 0.22 to 0.35 or 0.30.

[0283] In particular, mention may be made of the applicant's glasses designated, for example, as green TSAx (0.5-0.6% iron), TSA2+, TSA3+ (0.8-0.9% iron), TSA4+ (1% iron), and TSA5+. A 1.6 mm TSA3+ glass is selected.

[0284] The first glass sheet comprises on face F2 an overlap 101 that is transparent at at least one so-called operating wavelength in the infrared between 800 nm and 1800 nm, in particular between 850 nm and 1600 nm, with through-holes 4 in the thickness of the second glass or plastic sheet, i.e. holes delimited by walls 40, and a free surface (not covered by the laminating interlayer and the second glass or plastic sheet) via any through-holes, here called interlayers, delimited by walls 40'.

[0285] Thus, according to the invention, in a peripheral central region along the upper longitudinal edge, the windshield includes a through-hole 4 in the thickness of the second glass or plastic sheet 1' and possibly the lamination interlayer 3. An infrared viewing system 7 faces the through-hole 4.

[0286] As shown in Figures 1a to 1e, the hole 4 is here a closed hole (surrounded by the wall of the glass sheet) and therefore contains, in particular inside a glazing of trapezoidal or rectangular cross section (Figure 1e), the following: a so-called first long side or upper longitudinal edge, which is closest to the upper longitudinal edge of the glazing 10, is parallel to this edge and is spaced at least 5 cm or 6 cm from this edge, and has a length of at most 20 cm, for example 10.6 cm, - a so-called second long side or lower longitudinal edge (closer to the central zone, furthest from the upper longitudinal edge 10) parallel to the first long side and spaced apart from it by at least 5 cm or 6 cm, and having a length of at most 25 cm or 20 cm, for example 17.5 cm; - A height (between the long sides) of at least 5cm, here 10cm.

[0287] The through-holes may be circular, especially if they are of a diameter of at most 10 cm, 8, 5 or 2 cm.

[0288] The through-hole 4 may alternatively be a notch and therefore preferably a through-hole leading to the roof side.

[0289] The through-hole 4 may be in another area of ​​the windshield 100 (moved towards the lateral edge 10', see Figure 1e which shows two possible zones for the hole 4), or even in another glazing of the vehicle, in particular in the rear window.

[0290] The overlap 101 is likewise local: here it faces the hole 4 and is for example in the edge zone of the hole, the edge of which extends by a maximum of 10 mm beyond the wall that bounds the hole 4 between the faces F2 and F3.

[0291] The windshield 100 comprises, on its F2 face 12, an opaque masking layer 5, for example black, such as an enamel layer or lacquer, which forms the peripheral frame of the windshield (or rear window), and in the peripheral zone with through holes, here the central zone with more extensive masking, it comprises a resist 51' which is large enough not to interfere with the performance of the LIDAR 7 but which is able to mask the housing 8 (plastic, metal, etc.) of the LIDAR 7.

[0292] The housing 8 and even the LIDAR can be fixed (glued or the like) by means of adhesive 6 to a support 8' (and possibly to the roof 9) which is perforated at said holes on face F4.

[0293] Here, the overlap 101 is on the face F2 and slightly covers the masking layer 5 in the edge zone (zone 11') of the through-hole 4, masking its edge. The masking layer 5 has an upper edge 50 and a lower edge 51 in the central zone. The lower edges 52 of the masking layer 5 on either side of the central zone are closer to the part 10.

[0294] The overlap 101 includes, starting from the F2 face 12: a colored layer 2 filling at least the resist 51′ and beyond to form a selective filter to make the holes 4 less visible from the outside, - A liquid-applied PSA adhesive 21, for example an acrylate, with a thickness of 10 μm (protective liner removed). - a transparent PET film 20 with an anti-reflection coating 22 at the operating wavelength.

[0295] For example, an AR film designated DIAMOX AR1617 from the supplier Diamondcoatings is selected.

[0296] The colored layer 2 is a compound, e.g., a polymer compound, comprising an organic matrix and a colorant, preferably an organic colorant, dispersed in the matrix, which absorbs light located within the visible light range and is transparent at the operating wavelength.

[0297] The colorant is selected from, for example, Sudan Black B® or Nigrosine Solvent Black 5, preferably Sudan Black B®.

[0298] The compounds are preferably chosen from among varnishes consisting of dispersed particles of monomers, oligomers or polymers containing at least one methacrylate functional group, epoxides, PVB, latexes, polyurethanes or acrylates.

[0299] The layer thickness or weight percentage of colorant can be adjusted for the effectiveness of the layered selective filter.

[0300] The (layered) selective filter can be less than 100 μm or even 30 μm (such as a varnish).

[0301] The laminated glazing faces the through hole, - a total transmittance of at least 80%, 90% or 95% at the operating wavelength, measured at 90°; - a total transmittance of at most 10%, 5%, 1% or 0.1% in the visible light; It has.

[0302] As Figures 1b-1e show as external views, there would therefore be a continuous masking layer of black (or another color) within the rearview mirror zone (or edge zone) and on both sides within the rearview mirror zone in the form of a masking band 50'.

[0303] The selective filter is in color space L * a * b * L defined in CIE1976 * 1, a * 1b * 1. Similarly, the masking layer of color C1 is defined by the following formula:

number

[0304] Preferably Delta E * <4, better is Delta E * <2 (hard to distinguish with the human eye), or even better, Delta E * <1 (indistinguishable by the human eye).

[0305] The overlap 101 can have the same shape 2a as the hole 4, i.e. a trapezoidal (Fig. 1b) or rectangular (Fig. 1e, in the case of the first edge, Figs. 1c and 1d) shape that encompasses the hole (trapezoidal or, in a variant not shown, circular).

[0306] The resist 51' can have the same shape as the hole 4, ie a trapezoidal (FIGS. 1b, 1c) or rectangular (FIG. 1d) shape that encompasses the hole (trapezoidal or, in a variant not shown, circular).

[0307] The resist 51 ′ is shown closed, but may also be open and filled with the color layer 2 .

[0308] In Figure 1e, the masking layer 5 does not include resist (or even the extra thickness to form the camera zone), and the color layer 2 is preferably close, preferably slightly spaced apart, to maintain continuity of the masking if necessary.

[0309] The zone of the colored layer is sufficiently wide beyond the through-hole to be useful in a camera zone containing one or more sensors.

[0310] Due to the need for transparency in visible light for these sensors, in this case shown in Figures 1d and 1e, the overlap 101 (or at least layer 2) is "patterned" (structured) and thus has, for example, a first opening 24 for a visible light camera and other smaller openings 25 for a thermal camera, as well as other sensors (raindrops, external brightness, etc.).

[0311] The windshield 100 may include an assembly of nearly invisible metal wires, e.g., 50 μm, in a linear or non-linear shape, placed, e.g., on face FA or FB on face F3 side of the laminate interlayer 3 (across the entire surface). These wires may be absent from the through-holes 4 if they would interfere with the LIDAR.

[0312] In the detailed view (FIG. 1A (sometimes referred to as FIG. 1′)) it can be seen that the surface FA covers the edge of the overlap below the edge zone of the through-hole in zone 13′. The through-hole of the laminate interlayer can extend by a few mm.

[0313] During manufacture, if the overlap 101 is thin, for example at most 0.2 mm, the PVB with the through holes (for example 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm) is on top of the overlap and spreads out to come into adhesive contact with part 2a and face F2 of the overlap (lateral contact).

[0314] The presence of a film facing the through-hole forms a safety element.

[0315] FIG. 2 shows a partial detailed cross-sectional view of a windshield 200 according to a second embodiment of the present invention, centered on a through-hole.

[0316] The stack 201 differs from the preceding stack 101 in that it includes a selective film, i.e., a transparent PET film 20 carrying the already described color layer 2 on at least one of its major surfaces, here oriented toward F2.

[0317] This selective film is glued to face F2 by an acrylate PSA glue 21.

[0318] The presence of a film facing the through-hole forms a safety element.

[0319] On the opposite face (oriented towards face F3), the Pet film 20 preferably comprises an AR coating 22, e.g., alternating high and low refractive index layers, as well as a porous layer, in particular a sol-gel silica layer, with hollow particles (such as silica).

[0320] If the overlap is fairly thin (for example at most 200 μm) it does not create any extra thickness that gets in the way during lamination.

[0321] If the overlap is thicker, a first PVB with a first through hole and a second PVB (especially one that is thinner) with a smaller second through hole can be used to cover the edge of AR22 (without significantly protruding in front of the through hole in the second sheet).

[0322] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a windshield 300 according to a third embodiment of the present invention, in a partial detailed cross-sectional view centered on a through-hole.

[0323] FIG. 3A (sometimes referred to as FIG. 3') shows a schematic front view (vehicle compartment side) of the windshield 300 of FIG.

[0324] The overlap 301 differs from the previous overlap 201 in that it is thicker, eg, the film 20 has a thickness of at least 300 μm or 400 μm with enhanced breakage resistance.

[0325] Likewise, this overlap 301 differs from the previous overlap in that it is not bound by the PVB but by a thin rear band 3', e.g. less than 0.2 mm, with a portion 23 of the PVB on the side of the through-hole, e.g. without plasticizer, around the entire periphery of the through-hole, and which is in adhesive contact (e.g. a discernible interface) with the PVB 3 by its inner portion. The front band has, e.g. a rectangular contour encompassing the trapezoidal (or circular) through-hole.

[0326] Selective films / bands can be pre-assembled prior to forming the laminate structure.

[0327] FIG. 4 shows a partial detailed cross-sectional view of a windshield 400 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, centered on a through-hole.

[0328] The overlap 401 is comprised of overlapping polymer films glued to the F2 surface 12 and glued together by PSA adhesives 21, 21', i.e. - The first film is selective, It differs from the overlap 301 in that the second film is an AR film 20', 22.

[0329] Alternatively, a break-resistant film and a selective film are selected.

[0330] Alternatively, a shatterproof film and an AR film are selected.

[0331] The PVB has a major surface FA 31 on the F2 side 12 and a major surface FB 32 on the F3 side 13 .

[0332] FIG. 5 shows a partial detailed cross-sectional view of a windshield 500 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, centered on a through-hole.

[0333] Overlap 501 differs from overlap 201 in that the first film is entirely colored and selective. It may be desirable to preserve the color layer if necessary.

[0334] Alternatively, as in the case of the preceding overlap 401, a trailing band is used.

[0335] FIG. 6 shows a windshield 600 according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention in a partially detailed cross-sectional view centered on a through-hole.

[0336] Overlap 601 differs from overlap 201 in that the first selective film is glued to face F2 by a thin front band 210, e.g., less than 0.2 mm, e.g., of plasticizer-free PVB. The front band has a face 31' in adhesive contact with face 12.

[0337] The same (type of) PVB can be selected for the front band and the rear band 3'.

[0338] FIG. 6a shows a windshield 600a according to a first variant of the sixth embodiment of the invention in a partial detailed cross-sectional view centered on the through-hole.

[0339] Stack 601a differs from stack 601 in that it includes two films, selective film 20 and AR films 20', 22, glued together by PSA adhesive 21'.

[0340] FIG. 6b shows a windshield 600b according to a second variant of the sixth embodiment of the invention in a partial detailed cross-sectional view centered on the through-hole.

[0341] Overlap 601b differs from overlap 601 in that it includes an overall tinted selective film 2', always with anti-reflective coating 22 and front band 210.

[0342] FIG. 6c shows a windshield 600c according to a third variant of the sixth embodiment of the invention in a partial detailed cross-sectional view centered on the through-hole.

[0343] Stack 601c differs from stack 601 in that it includes a film having an AR coating 22 with a color layer 2 on the surface facing F2 surface 12.

[0344] FIG. 7 shows a windshield 700 according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention in a partially detailed cross-sectional view centered on a through-hole.

[0345] FIG. 7A (sometimes referred to as FIG. 7′) is a partial front view of the windshield (cabin side) of FIG.

[0346] The PVB interlayer 3 remains in a zone below the through holes 4. In this zone and at the edge, the FA side 31 is in contact with the colored layer 2 deposited on the F2 side 12 or on the FA side (ink). In this zone and at the edge, the FB side 32 is in adhesive contact with the AR film carrying the rear band 3' in portion 23, and is in adhesive contact with the F3 side 13 and protrudes from portion 2b of the film 20'.

[0347] FIG. 8 shows a partial detailed cross-sectional view of a windshield 800 according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention, centered on a through-hole.

[0348] Overlap 801 differs from overlap 701 in that color layer 2 is displaced toward the FB side under film 20. The rear band does not protrude.

[0349] FIG. 9 shows a partial detailed cross-sectional view of a windshield 900 according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention, centered on a through-hole.

[0350] Overlap 901 is the same as overlap 801, but the PVB is three layers: PVB1 3b with the glass hole side portion 40' and face 32 / functional PET 20a with solar control layer 5' / PVB2 3a with the glass hole side portion 40' and face 31, the three layer PVB being perforated at the holes and at its edge on the FB face side and in front of PET 20.

[0351] For added strength, a rear band can be added.

[0352] FIG. 9A (sometimes referred to as FIG. 9′) shows a partial detailed cross-sectional view of a windshield 900′ in a variant of the ninth embodiment of the present invention, centered on the through-hole.

[0353] Windshield 900' differs from windshield 900 in that only PVB2 is the solar control layer (FB side) facing the through holes removed. PVB2 is perforated and then assembled with Pet 20a, which already carries selective layer 2 and AR coating layer 22. [Explanation of symbols]

[0354] 1 outer glass sheet 1' inner glass sheet 3. Middle class 4 through holes 5. Opaque Masking Layer 7. Infrared Viewing System 11 Exterior Surface 12 Internal surface 13 External Surfaces 14 Internal surface 100 Windshield

Claims

1. a first glass sheet (1) for the exterior glazing with a first outer major face F1 (11) and a second inner major face F2 (12); a laminated intermediate layer (3) of a given thickness E3 made of polymer material with a main face FA oriented towards F2 and with a main face FB opposite to FA; a second sheet of glass or plastic (1') for the internal glazing with a third main face F3 (13) on the F2 side and a fourth internal main face F4 (14); A laminated glazing for a vehicle (100-900') comprising: the first glass sheet has a total iron oxide content by weight of at most 0.05%; the second glass sheet has through holes in its thickness with a width W1 of at most 25 cm; the glazing has, below said through-hole, on the side of face F2, a selective filter that is absorbent in the visible light range and transparent at least at the so-called operating wavelengths in the infrared in the range from 800 nm to 1800 nm; Facing the through hole, a laminated glazing a total transmittance at the operating wavelength measured at 90° of at least 80%, 90% or 95%; - a total transmittance in the visible range of at most 10%, 5% or 1%; having A laminated glazing for vehicles, characterized by:

2. A selective filter extends beyond the through-hole, the selective filter masks the resist of the masking layer of the glazing, and the selective filter is L ＊ 1. a ＊ 1b ＊ 1 and the masking layer is defined by L ＊ 2. a ＊ 2b ＊ 2, and preferably the color difference ΔE ＊ is less than 4, and furthermore ΔE ＊ 2. The vehicle glazing of claim 1, wherein:

3. 3. Laminated glazing for vehicles according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the selective filter has at least one opening or discontinuity for the purpose of passing light rays for the sensor of a camera fixed to a support base at face F4, the support base being perforated to allow the passage of said light rays.

4. 4. A laminated glazing for vehicles according to claim 1, wherein the selective filter is in contact with a masking layer in the form of at least one coating on at least one of the first or second sheets and / or on the lamination interlayer, and further wherein the selective filter is a coating on top of the masking layer and / or underneath the masking layer.

5. 5. Laminated glazing for vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that in front of the zone of the through-holes, face F2 comprises at least one polymer film.

6. 6. Vehicle glazing according to claim 1, characterized in that the selective filter is attached to face F2 below the through-hole, in particular glued or in adhesive contact with the bare face F2 or with the functional coating, and therefore optionally glued onto or in adhesive contact with the functional coating.

7. 7. Vehicle glazing according to claim 1, wherein a selective filter extends beyond the through hole within an edge zone of the through hole, and within the edge zone of the hole, the selective filter is bonded to face F2.

8. 8. Vehicle glazing according to claim 1, comprising at least one of the following functional polymer films, transparent at the operating wavelength: a selective filter film, a safety film of at least 150 μm, a heating film (20′, 2b), an AR (anti-reflection) film, bonded to face F2 facing the through hole and at the edge of the through hole, a plurality of which are glued with a PSA adhesive.

9. at least one polymer film of sub-millimeter thickness having a front major surface F'A on the F2 side and an opposite rear major surface F'B, said polymer film being transparent at said operating wavelength, bonded to a surface F2 facing said through-hole that is bare or has a functional coating, and a) via an adhesive layer which is a pressure sensitive adhesive PSA or a hot melt adhesive, b) via a local polymer band, called a front band, facing the through-hole and in adhesive contact with face F2, the polyvinyl butyral-based lamination interlayer being perforated at the through-hole, the front band facing the hole in said interlayer and in adhesive contact with the lamination interlayer; c) via a laminated interlayer, the polymer film bonded according to at least one of the following configurations:

9. Vehicle glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that

10. The polymer film or another polymer film above the polymer film and bonded to the polymer film has the following structure with respect to a plane F3: m) via an adhesive layer that is a pressure-sensitive adhesive PSA or a hot-melt adhesive, n) a local polymer band (3', 23) in adhesive contact with face F3 in the edge zone of said through-hole and in adhesive contact with the laminate interlayer, called rear band, which is absent below said through-hole or protrudes by at most 5 mm, via a rear band in adhesive contact with the laminate interlayer, o) via a laminated interlayer, and 10. The vehicle glazing of claim 9,

11. 11. Laminated vehicular glazing according to claim 10, characterized in that the front band and / or the rear band are based on polyvinyl butyral (PVB) containing less than 15% by weight of plasticizer.

12. 12. Laminated vehicular glazing according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the laminating interlayer has a through-thickness hole or partial hole below the through hole, and the glazing comprises, at least below the through-hole or partial hole, a multilayer comprising, in that order: a first PVB layer in adhesive contact with its face F2 forming a front band; and at least one polymer film or overlap of polymer films, in particular forming or being part of the selective filter; and a second PVB layer perforated at the through hole forming the rear band, wherein the front band is in adhesive contact with the laminating interlayer.

13. 13. Laminated glazing for vehicles according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the laminated interlayer (3, 3a, 3b, 40', 40'') has holes or partial holes passing through its thickness facing the through hole, possibly with a size at most 5 mm or 2 mm smaller than the through hole.

14. 14. A laminated glazing for vehicles as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the lamination interlayer is a multilayer comprising, in that order, a first PVB layer in adhesive contact with face F2, a polymer film forming or being part of the selective filter, and a second PVB layer perforated at the through holes, wherein the polymer film optionally carries a solar control layer outside the through holes.

15. The selective filter - containing a bulk colorant that absorbs light located within said visible light range and is transparent at said operating wavelength; and / or - the colorant is coated with a color layer that absorbs light located in the visible light range and is transparent at the operating wavelength, the colorant comprising a matrix and the colorant dispersed in the matrix; 15. Laminated vehicular glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a polymer film having a thickness of at most 0.3 mm or 0.15 mm.

16. The selective filter comprises a matrix and a color layer comprising a colorant dispersed in the matrix, the colorant absorbing light located in the visible light range and transparent at the operating wavelength, the color layer being in the zone of the holes: - coating on face F2, - a coating on the lamination interlayer, made of PVB, on face FA or FB, or a coating on the main face on the F2 or F3 side of an additional polymer film with a thickness of at most 0.3 mm or 0.15 mm, 16. A laminated glazing for a vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it forms

17. 17. Laminated vehicular glazing according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the composition of the pigmented layer is a polymer or an organic-inorganic hybrid, the polymer of the composition being a polymer containing at least one methacrylate functional group, an epoxide, a varnish composed of dispersed PVB particles, a latex, a polyurethane or an acrylate.

18. 18. Laminated vehicular glazing according to any one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the colorant comprises 0.1 to 10% by weight of the color layer.

19. an anti-reflection coating at least at said so-called operating wavelengths in the infrared on the free surface of one element below said through-hole, With a free surface, the element - polymer films, in particular forming all or part of a selective filter; - laminated interlayers, - the colored layer of said selective filter, 19. Vehicle glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it is selected from at least one of the following elements:

20. 20. Vehicle glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that it comprises a support base, in particular a possibly reinforced plastic support base, glued to the face F4 containing the hole at the through hole, and further comprising a support base with means capable of supporting or maintaining an infrared viewing system at the operating wavelength, such as a LIDAR.

21. 21. Vehicle glazing according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises an insert made of polymer material in the through hole.

22. An autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicle incorporating a vehicle glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 21 forming a windshield.

23. - glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 21 relating to glazing, an infrared viewing system (7) at said operating wavelength, such as a LIDAR, arranged in the passenger compartment behind said glazing in such a way as to transmit and / or receive radiation after passing through the first glass sheet at said through-hole; A vehicle comprising:

24. before lamination, the face F2 facing the through-hole and in the edge zone of the through-hole comprises an element having a total thickness of at most 0.2 mm and comprising the selective filter, a laminate interlayer, in particular a single or multiple layer of PVB, containing so-called interlayer through-holes facing the through-holes of the second sheet and in the edge zone of the through-holes, the face FA being on the element, in particular the face FB being on the face F3, after said lamination, the intermediate layer holes may extend into the through holes by at most 5 mm; 22. A method for manufacturing the laminated glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that

25. before lamination, facing the through-holes and in the edge zones of the through-holes, face F2 contains an element containing the selective filter, and a lamination interlayer, in particular a single or multiple layer of PVB, faces the through-holes of the second sheet and in the edge zones of the through-holes, so-called interlayer through-holes, the element being in the hole of the interlayer and, in the edge zones of the through-holes, between the element and face F3 of the rear band, And preferably after said lamination:

13. A method for producing laminated glazing according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that at the holes in the intermediate layer the element is in adhesive contact with the intermediate layer and / or the rear band is in adhesive contact with the intermediate layer, possibly extending into the through holes of the second sheet by at most 5 mm.

26. before lamination, facing the through-holes and in the edge zones of the through-holes, face F2 comprises an element comprising the selective filter, such as a polymer film, the element having a total thickness of at least 0.2 mm, the lamination interlayer comprising a first sheet or a first multi-layer, with first so-called interlayer through-holes facing the through-holes of a second sheet and in the edge zones of the through-holes, the element is within a hole in the intermediate layer; the laminated interlayer comprises a second sheet having second interlayer holes not larger than the holes of the first interlayer in the edge zone of said through holes between the element and face F3; Preferably, after said lamination: an element being in adhesive contact with the intermediate layer at the aperture in said first intermediate layer; the holes of the second intermediate layer possibly protrude into the through holes of the second sheet by at most 5 mm; 22. A method for manufacturing the laminated glazing according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that

27. 26. A method for manufacturing the laminated glazing according to claim 25, characterized in that the elements comprising the selective filter including the front band and / or the rear band are pre-assembled before the formation of the structure to be laminated.

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