electric heater

Abstract

To provide an electric heater having a second substrate portion 11b of a film substrate 11 capable of preventing hydrolysis caused by alkaline aqueous solution.SOLUTION: In an electric heater 10, a heating element 13 is arranged on one side 2a of a front glass 2 and generates heat when electricity is applied. A second base part 11b of a film base 11 is connected to a first base part 11a and forms a vacancy 40 between the one side 2a of the front glass 2. A low hydrolysis layer 16 is disposed on the one surface 2a of the front glass 2 with respect to the second base part 11b. The low hydrolysis layer 16 is made of a material that is less susceptible than the second base part 11b to hydrolysis caused by an alkaline aqueous solution produced when alkaline components from the front glass 2 dissolve into water.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an electric heater. [Background technology]

[0002] Conventionally, resin glass has been provided with a heating element that is placed on one side of a transparent resin substrate and generates heat when electricity is passed through it, and an acrylic resin layer that is formed on one side of the transparent resin substrate so as to cover the heating element (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

[0003] In this resin glass, the heating element disposed inside it constitutes an electric heater that heats the resin glass itself. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2014-218103 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] The present inventors have investigated an electric heater that is attached to one surface of a vehicle window glass, rather than arranging a heating element inside the resin glass.

[0006] Generally, soda-lime glass containing alkaline components is used for vehicle window glass. In this case, when water adheres to the window glass due to condensation or the like, the alkaline components dissolve from the window glass into the water.

[0007] Here, if an electric heater is constructed by placing a hydrolyzable film substrate between one side of the window glass and the heating element, there is a risk that the film substrate will deteriorate due to hydrolysis if water adheres to the film substrate.

[0008] In particular, when the water contains an alkaline component, the alkaline component accelerates the progress of hydrolysis in the film substrate, which may lead to the film substrate breaking due to deterioration caused by hydrolysis.

[0009] Such deterioration of the film substrate due to hydrolysis occurs similarly when the hydrolyzable film substrate is used in a residential window glass other than a vehicle window glass.

[0010] In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide an electric heater in which hydrolysis of the film substrate is prevented in advance. [Means for solving the problem]

[0011] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a heater (13) that is disposed on one surface (2a) of a window glass (2) containing an alkaline component and generates heat when energized to heat the window glass; a film substrate (11) including a first substrate portion (11a) disposed between the heating element and the window glass, formed in a film shape along one surface of the window glass, and supporting the heating element; and a second substrate portion (11b) connected to one side of the one surface of the first substrate portion in the planar direction, forming a space (40) between the first substrate portion and the one surface of the window glass; an adhesive layer (12) disposed between the first substrate portion and the window glass, and adhering the first substrate portion to one surface of the window glass; a low hydrolysis layer (16, 16a) disposed on one side of the window glass relative to the second substrate portion, forming a gap between the layer and the one side of the window glass; The low hydrolysis-resistant layer is made of a material that is less susceptible to hydrolysis than the second substrate portion due to an alkaline aqueous solution that is produced when alkaline components from the window glass dissolve in water.

[0012] Therefore, the low hydrolysis layer can prevent the alkaline aqueous solution from adhering to the second substrate part, thereby preventing the second substrate part from being hydrolyzed by the alkaline aqueous solution.

[0013] As a result, an electric heater can be provided that prevents the film substrate from being hydrolyzed. The reference symbols in parentheses attached to each component indicate an example of the correspondence between the component and the specific components described in the embodiments described below. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0014] [Figure 1] 1 is a perspective view showing the front side of a vehicle windshield of an automobile on which an electric heater according to a first embodiment is mounted. [Figure 2] 3 is a diagram showing the interior side of the electric heater in the first embodiment of FIG. 2, and is a diagram showing the configuration of a connector, a film substrate, a heating element, an electrode layer, a connection layer, etc. that constitute the electric heater. FIG. [Figure 3] 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III in the first embodiment of FIG. 2, showing the configuration of the connector, film substrate, heating element, electrode layer, connection layer, adhesive layer, low hydrolysis layer, etc. that constitute the electric heater. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of a connector, a film substrate, a heating element, an electrode layer, a connection layer, an adhesive layer, a low hydrolysis layer, and the like that constitute an electric heater in a second embodiment, and corresponds to FIG. 3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0015] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following embodiments, identical or equivalent parts are denoted by the same reference numerals in the drawings to simplify the description.

[0016] (First embodiment) 1, 2 and 3 show an electric heater system 1 for a vehicle to which an electric heater 10 according to the first embodiment is applied.

[0017] Fig. 1 is a view of a windshield 2 in this embodiment, in which an electric heater 10 of a vehicle electric heater system 1 is mounted, as viewed from outside the vehicle. Fig. 2 is a view showing the interior side of the electric heater 10 in this embodiment, and the windshield 2 is not shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III in Fig. 2.

[0018] As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, the vehicle electric heater system 1 includes an electric heater 10, a connector 20, and an electronic control device 30.

[0019] The electric heater 10 is attached to one surface 2a of the windshield 2 of the automobile facing the interior of the vehicle. The electric heater 10 is located on the upper side in the center of the vehicle width direction of the windshield 2. The windshield 2 is located on the front side of the vehicle interior in the direction of vehicle travel, and is a window glass formed into a plate shape from soda lime glass.

[0020] The windshield 2, together with the electric heater 10, forms an optical path that guides light reflected from a subject outside the vehicle to the light receiving lens of the camera inside the vehicle. The electric heater 10 provides heat to the optical path area of ​​the windshield 2 that forms the optical path, thereby preventing fogging in the optical path area.

[0021] Specifically, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the electric heater 10 includes a film substrate 11, an adhesive layer 12, a heating element 13, electrode layers 14a and 14b, connecting layers 15a and 15b, and a low hydrolysis layer 16. The film substrate 11 is disposed on one surface 2a side of the windshield 2. The one surface 2a is the surface of the windshield 2 facing the interior of the vehicle.

[0022] The film substrate 11 includes a first substrate portion 11a and a second substrate portion 11b. The first substrate portion 11a is formed in a film shape so as to fit along one surface 2a of the windshield 2. The first substrate portion 11a is formed in a rectangular shape extending in the longitudinal direction DR1 and the width direction DR2.

[0023] The first base material portion 11a is formed so that its thickness direction DR3 coincides with the thickness direction of the windshield 2.

[0024] For ease of explanation, the side of the first substrate portion 11a opposite the windshield 2 will be referred to as one side in the thickness direction DR3, and the side of the first substrate portion 11a facing the windshield 2 will be referred to as the other side in the thickness direction DR3.

[0025] The second substrate portion 11b is disposed on one side of the first substrate portion 11a in the longitudinal direction DR1. The second substrate portion 11b is connected to an end portion 11c of the first substrate portion 11a on one side in the longitudinal direction DR1.

[0026] Here, the longitudinal direction DR1 and the width direction DR2 are each the planar directions along which one surface 2a of the windshield 2 extends. One side of the first substrate portion 11a in the longitudinal direction DR1 refers to one side of the first substrate portion 11a in the planar direction of one surface 2a. The second substrate portion 11b is formed to extend from the center of the first substrate portion 11a in the width direction DR2 to one side of the longitudinal direction DR1.

[0027] As shown in FIG. 3, the second substrate portion 11b is formed so as to become more distant from one surface 2a of the windshield 2 as it moves from the center of the first substrate portion 11a in the width direction DR2 to one side in the vertical direction DR1.

[0028] That is, the second substrate portion 11b is formed so as to extend from the center of the first substrate portion 11a in the width direction DR2 to one side in the vertical direction DR1 toward one side in the thickness direction DR3.

[0029] The second substrate portion 11b is arranged so as to form a gap 40 between itself and one surface 2a of the windshield 2. The first substrate portion 11a and the second substrate portion 11b of this embodiment are integrally formed to form an integrated component.

[0030] The first base material 11a and the second base material 11b are made of a light-transmitting resin material such as polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, etc. The light-transmitting resin material is a resin material that allows light to pass through.

[0031] The first substrate portion 11a and the second substrate portion 11b are electrically insulating thin films. The first substrate portion 11a forms an optical path that guides light reflected from a subject outside the vehicle to the light receiving lens of the camera inside the vehicle.

[0032] 3 is disposed between the first substrate portion 11a and one surface 2a of the windshield 2. The adhesive layer 12 is optically transparent and allows light to pass through. The adhesive layer 12 is formed into a thin film using an adhesive for bonding the first substrate portion 11a to the one surface 2a of the windshield 2.

[0033] In this embodiment, an adhesive containing an acrylic resin or a silicone resin is used as the adhesive used to form the adhesive layer 12. The adhesive layer 12 forms an optical path that guides light reflected from a subject outside the vehicle to the light receiving lens of the camera inside the vehicle.

[0034] The heating element 13 is disposed on one side of the first substrate portion 11a in the thickness direction DR3. The heating element 13 is formed in a thin film shape so as to fit along the first substrate portion 11a. As a result, the heating element 13 is formed in a thin film shape so as to fit along one surface 2a of the windshield 2 via the first substrate portion 11a.

[0035] The heating element 13 is made of a light-transmitting material that transmits light. Specifically, the heating element 13 is made of, for example, ITO or a carbon tube. ITO is an abbreviation for Indium-Tin-Oxide.

[0036] Heating element 13 in this embodiment generates heat when energized in order to heat windshield 2. Heating element 13 forms an optical path that guides light reflected from a subject outside the vehicle to the light receiving lens of a camera inside the vehicle.

[0037] The electrode layer 14a is disposed on one side of the first substrate portion 11a in the thickness direction DR3. The electrode layer 14a is formed as a thin film along the first substrate portion 11a. The electrode layer 14a is disposed on one side of the first substrate portion 11a in the longitudinal direction DR1.

[0038] The electrode layer 14a is formed so as to extend in the width direction DR2 along one end portion of the first base material portion 11a in the longitudinal direction DR1. The electrode layer 14a is connected to one end portion of the first base material portion 11a in the longitudinal direction DR1.

[0039] The electrode layer 14b is disposed on one side of the first substrate portion 11a in the thickness direction DR3. The electrode layer 14b is formed as a thin film along the first substrate portion 11a. The electrode layer 14b is disposed on the other side of the first substrate portion 11a in the longitudinal direction DR1.

[0040] The electrode layer 14b is formed so as to extend in the width direction DR2 along the other end portion of the first base material portion 11a in the longitudinal direction DR1. The electrode layer 14b is connected to the other end portion of the first base material portion 11a in the longitudinal direction DR1.

[0041] In this embodiment, the electrode layers 14a and 14b are each made of a conductive material such as silver or copper.

[0042] The connection layer 15a is disposed on one side in the thickness direction DR3 with respect to the first substrate portion 11a and the second substrate portion 11b. The connection layer 15a is formed as a thin film along the first substrate portion 11a and the second substrate portion 11b. The connection layer 15a is disposed on one side in the longitudinal direction DR1 with respect to the electrode layer 14a.

[0043] The connection layer 15a is formed to extend in the longitudinal direction DR1. The other end of the connection layer 15a in the longitudinal direction DR1 is connected to the electrode layer 14a. The one end of the connection layer 15a in the longitudinal direction DR1 is connected to the connector 20.

[0044] The connection layer 15b includes conductor layers 150, 151, and 152. The conductor layers 150 and 151 are disposed on one side of the first substrate portion 11a and the second substrate portion 11b in the thickness direction DR3, respectively.

[0045] The connection layer 15a of this embodiment is made of a conductive material such as silver or copper.

[0046] The conductor layers 150 and 151 are formed as thin films along the first substrate portion 11a and the second substrate portion 11b, respectively. The conductor layers 150 and 151 are disposed on one side in the longitudinal direction DR1 with respect to the electrode layer 14a.

[0047] The conductor layer 150 is disposed on one side in the thickness direction DR3 with respect to the first substrate portion 11a and the second substrate portion 11b. The conductor layer 151 is disposed on one side in the thickness direction DR3 with respect to the second substrate portion 11b.

[0048] The conductor layer 150 is formed to extend in the longitudinal direction DR1. One end of the conductor layer 150 in the longitudinal direction DR1 is connected to the connector 20. The other end of the conductor layer 150 in the longitudinal direction DR1 is connected to one end of the conductor layer 151 in the width direction DR2.

[0049] The conductor layer 151 is disposed on one side in the longitudinal direction DR1 with respect to the electrode layer 14a, and is formed so as to extend in the width direction DR2 along one end of the electrode layer 14a in the longitudinal direction DR1.

[0050] The conductor layer 152 is disposed on one side of the first base member 11a in the thickness direction DR3. The conductor layer 152 is formed as a thin film along the first base member 11a. The conductor layer 152 is disposed on the other side of the first base member 11a in the width direction DR2.

[0051] The conductor layer 152 is formed to extend in the longitudinal direction DR1 along the other end of the first base portion 11a in the width direction DR2.

[0052] One end of the conductor layer 152 in the longitudinal direction DR1 is connected to one end of the conductor layer 151 in the width direction DR2. The other end of the conductor layer 152 in the longitudinal direction DR1 is connected to the electrode layer 14b.

[0053] In this embodiment, the conductor layers 150, 151, and 152 of the connection layer 15b are each made of a conductive material such as silver or copper, etc. The conductor layers 150, 151, and 152 connect the connector 20 and the electrode layer 14b.

[0054] The low hydrolysis-resistant layer 16 is disposed on the other side in the thickness direction DR3 of the second substrate portion 11b of the film substrate 11. The low hydrolysis-resistant layer 16 is formed in the form of a thin film so as to cover the second substrate portion 11b from the other side in the thickness direction DR3. That is, the low hydrolysis-resistant layer 16 is formed in the form of a thin film so as to cover the second substrate portion 11b from the one surface 2a side of the windshield 2.

[0055] A gap 40 is formed between the low hydrolysis-resistant layer 16 and one surface 2a of the windshield 2. The low hydrolysis-resistant layer 16 is made of a material that is less susceptible to hydrolysis by an alkaline aqueous solution (e.g., sodium hydroxide) that is generated when alkaline components from the windshield 2 dissolve in water, compared to the second substrate portion 11b of the film substrate 11.

[0056] The low hydrolysis layer 16 is formed by applying, for example, an acrylic resin or a silicone resin to the other side of the second base material portion 11b in the thickness direction DR3.

[0057] In this embodiment, the low hydrolysis layer 16 may be made of a material that transmits light, or may be made of a material that blocks light transmission.

[0058] Here, the polyethylene terephthalate or polycarbonate constituting the second base material portion 11b of the film base material 11 is made of a polymer having an ester bond or a carbonate ester bond in the molecular chain.

[0059] Therefore, the main chain of polyethylene terephthalate or polycarbonate is likely to be hydrolyzed by an alkaline aqueous solution.

[0060] Therefore, the second base material portion 11b of the film base material 11 is rapidly deteriorated due to hydrolysis caused by the alkaline aqueous solution.

[0061] On the other hand, acrylic resins have ester bonds in the side chains of their polymeric structure, but do not have ester bonds or carbonate ester bonds in the main chain.

[0062] Furthermore, when forming a polymer, silicone resin may have an ester bond in the side chain, but does not have an ester bond or a carbonate ester bond in the main chain.

[0063] For this reason, although the side chains of acrylic resins or silicone resins may be hydrolyzed by alkaline aqueous solutions, the main chains are not hydrolyzed. Therefore, the low hydrolysis-resistant layer 16 is made of a material that is less susceptible to hydrolysis by alkaline aqueous solutions than the film substrate 11.

[0064] The connector 20 is connected to one end of the second base material portion 11b in the longitudinal direction DR1. The connector 20 is connected to one surface 2a of the windshield 2 via a spacer .

[0065] The connector 20 connects one end of the conductor layer 150 in the longitudinal direction DR1 to one end of the electric wire 110. The other end of the electric wire 110 is connected to the electronic control device 30. The connector 20 connects one end of the connection layer 15a in the longitudinal direction DR1 to one end of the electric wire 111. The one end of the electric wire 111 is connected to the electronic control device 30. Hereinafter, the electric wire 110 and the electric wire 111 will be collectively referred to as the electric wires 110 and 111.

[0066] The electronic control device 30 is connected to the vehicle battery BT via a current fuse FS. The current fuse FS melts when an overcurrent flows between the vehicle battery BT and the electronic control device 30, thereby protecting the vehicle devices such as the vehicle battery BT and the electronic control device 30.

[0067] To energize the heating element 13, the electronic control device 30 applies a voltage between the electrode layers 14a and 14b via the electric wires 110 and 111 and the connection layers 15a and 15b.

[0068] Next, the operation of the vehicle electric heater system 1 of this embodiment will be described.

[0069] First, with power being supplied from the in-vehicle battery BT via the current fuse FS, the electronic control device 30 applies a voltage between the electrode layers 14a and 14b via the connection layers 15a and 15b. As a result, a current flows through the heating element 13 based on the voltage applied between the electrode layers 14a and 14b. Accordingly, the heating element 13 generates heat due to the current flow.

[0070] Therefore, the heat generated by the heating element 13 is transferred to the windshield 2 through the first base material portion 11a of the film base material 11 and the adhesive layer 12. As a result, the windshield 2 is heated by the heating element 13. Therefore, the heating element 13 can prevent the windshield 2 from fogging up.

[0071] Therefore, an optical path that guides light reflected from a subject outside the vehicle to the light receiving lens of the camera inside the vehicle is well secured in the windshield 2. This allows the camera to capture an image of the subject using light that passes from the subject outside the vehicle through the windshield 2, adhesive layer 12, first base material portion 11a, and heating element 13 and enters the light receiving lens.

[0072] On the other hand, when the heating element 13 is not generating heat, condensation may occur and water may adhere to the surface 2a of the windshield 2. In this case, alkaline components from the windshield 2 dissolve in the water adhering to the surface 2a of the windshield 2, producing an alkaline aqueous solution.

[0073] Furthermore, alkaline components may dissolve in the moisture in the air from the windshield 2 to produce an alkaline aqueous solution.

[0074] For example, if the electric heater 10 does not have the low hydrolysis layer 16, the alkaline aqueous solution may be blown from the windshield 2 side through the gap 40 to the second substrate portion 11b side due to vehicle vibration or the like, and may adhere to the second substrate portion 11b. In this case, the second substrate portion 11b is hydrolyzed by the alkaline aqueous solution.

[0075] In contrast to this, in the present embodiment, the low hydrolysis-resistant layer 16 is provided on the other side of the second substrate portion 11b in the thickness direction DR3. As described above, the low hydrolysis-resistant layer 16 is made of a material that is less susceptible to hydrolysis by an alkaline aqueous solution than the second substrate portion 11b.

[0076] This allows the low hydrolysis layer 16 to prevent the alkaline aqueous solution from adhering to the second substrate portion 11b of the film substrate 11. This makes it possible to suppress hydrolysis of the second substrate portion 11b of the film substrate 11.

[0077] According to the present embodiment described above, the electric heater 10 is disposed on one side 2a of the windshield 2 made of soda-lime glass containing an alkaline component, and includes a heating element 13 that generates heat when electricity is applied in order to heat the windshield 2.

[0078] The electric heater 10 includes a film substrate 11 having a first substrate portion 11a and a second substrate portion 11b. The first substrate portion 11a is disposed between the heating element 13 and one surface 2a of the windshield 2.

[0079] The first substrate portion 11a is formed in a film shape so as to fit along one surface 2a of the windshield 2. In this embodiment, the first substrate portion 11a supports the heating element 13 from the other side in the thickness direction DR3. The second substrate portion 11b is connected to an end portion 11c of the first substrate portion 11a on one side in the longitudinal direction DR1, and forms a gap 40 between itself and the one surface 2a of the windshield 2.

[0080] The electric heater 10 is provided with an adhesive layer 12 that is disposed between the first substrate portion 11a and one surface 2a of the windshield 2 and bonds the first substrate portion 11a to the one surface 2a of the windshield 2.

[0081] The electric heater 10 is provided with a low hydrolysis layer 16 that is disposed on the one surface 2a side of the windshield 2 relative to the second substrate portion 11b and forms a gap 40 between itself and the one surface 2a of the windshield 2.

[0082] The low hydrolysis-resistant layer 16 is made of a material that is less susceptible to hydrolysis than the second base material portion 11b due to an alkaline aqueous solution that is generated when an alkaline component dissolves in water from the windshield 2. For example, the low hydrolysis-resistant layer 16 contains an acrylic resin or a silicone resin.

[0083] Therefore, according to this embodiment, it is possible to prevent the alkaline aqueous solution from adhering to the second base material portion 11b of the film base material 11. As a result, it is possible to prevent the second base material portion 11b of the film base material 11 from being hydrolyzed by the alkaline aqueous solution.

[0084] In this embodiment, the first substrate 11a and the second substrate 11b are each made of a light-transmitting resin material containing polyethylene terephthalate or polycarbonate, which allows light to pass through, thereby forming a good optical path for guiding light reflected from an object outside the vehicle to the light-receiving lens of the camera inside the vehicle.

[0085] The adhesive layer 12 of this embodiment is formed of an adhesive containing an acrylic resin or a silicone resin, which means that the adhesive layer 12, like the low hydrolysis-resistant layer 16, is made of a material that is less susceptible to hydrolysis by an alkaline aqueous solution than the second base material portion 11b.

[0086] This prevents the alkaline aqueous solution produced on the surface 2a of the windshield 2 from adhering to the first substrate portion 11a of the film substrate 11. As a result, the first substrate portion 11a of the film substrate 11 is prevented from being hydrolyzed by the alkaline aqueous solution.

[0087] (Second embodiment) In the above-described first embodiment, an example was described in which the low hydrolysis layer 16 was a thin film formed by applying an acrylic resin or a silicone resin to the other side of the second base material portion 11b in the thickness direction DR3.

[0088] However, instead, a thin film formed by applying an adhesive to the other side of the second substrate portion 11b in the thickness direction DR3 serves as the low hydrolysis layer 16a. This embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 4. Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the electric heater 10 of this embodiment.

[0089] The electric heater 10 of this embodiment includes a low hydrolysis layer 16a instead of the low hydrolysis layer 16 of the first embodiment. The electric heater 10 of this embodiment has the same configuration as the electric heater 10 of the first embodiment, except for the low hydrolysis layer 16a. Therefore, the low hydrolysis layer 16a will be mainly described below.

[0090] As described above, the low hydrolysis layer 16a is formed by applying an adhesive to the other side of the second base material portion 11b in the thickness direction DR3. The adhesive contains an acrylic resin or a silicone resin.

[0091] Therefore, like the low hydrolyzable layer 16 of the first embodiment, the low hydrolyzable layer 16a is formed of a material that is less susceptible to hydrolysis by an alkaline aqueous solution than the second substrate portion 11b of the film substrate 11.

[0092] The low hydrolysis-resistant layer 16a can be made of the same light-transmitting adhesive as the adhesive constituting the adhesive layer 12. For example, the low hydrolysis-resistant layer 16a and the adhesive layer 12 can be formed by applying an adhesive to the first substrate portion 11a and the second substrate portion 11b of the film substrate 11 in the same manufacturing process.

[0093] The low hydrolysis layer 16a of this embodiment may be made of a material that transmits light, or may be made of a material that blocks light transmission.

[0094] According to the present embodiment described above, the electric heater 10 is provided with a low hydrolysis layer 16a that is arranged on the one surface 2a side of the windshield 2 relative to the second substrate portion 11b and forms a gap 40 between the one surface 2a of the windshield 2 and the low hydrolysis layer 16a.

[0095] Like the low hydrolysis layer 16, the low hydrolysis layer 16a is made of a material that is less susceptible to hydrolysis by an alkaline aqueous solution produced when alkaline components from the windshield 2 dissolve in water than the second substrate portion 11b.

[0096] Therefore, in this embodiment, it is possible to prevent the alkaline aqueous solution from adhering to the second base material portion 11b of the film base material 11. Therefore, similar to the first embodiment, it is possible to prevent the second base material portion 11b of the film base material 11 from being hydrolyzed by the alkaline aqueous solution.

[0097] The low hydrolysis layer 16a in this embodiment is made of the same adhesive as the adhesive that forms the adhesive layer 12. This makes it possible to prevent an increase in the number of materials used when manufacturing the electric heater 10. This also makes it possible to prevent an increase in the manufacturing cost of the electric heater 10.

[0098] (Other embodiments) (1) In the first and second embodiments, the electric heater 10 is applied to the windshield 2 serving as the window glass of a vehicle.

[0099] However, instead of this, the electric heater 10 may be applied to a windshield 2 serving as a window glass of a building such as a house or a building. (2) In the first and second embodiments, the windshield 2 is made of soda-lime glass containing an alkaline component.

[0100] However, instead of this, the windshield 2 may be made of glass other than soda-lime glass, such as borosilicate glass containing an alkaline component.

[0101] (3) In the second embodiment, the low hydrolysis-resistant layer 16a is formed from the same adhesive as the adhesive that forms the adhesive layer 12. However, this is not limiting, and the low hydrolysis-resistant layer 16a may be formed from the same adhesive as the adhesive that forms the adhesive layer 12.

[0102] (4) The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and can be modified as appropriate within the scope of the claims. The above-described embodiments are not unrelated to each other and can be combined as appropriate unless the combination is clearly impossible. It goes without saying that the elements constituting the embodiments are not necessarily essential unless specifically stated as essential or clearly considered essential in principle. In the above-described embodiments, when numerical values ​​such as the number, values, amounts, and ranges of components of the embodiments are mentioned, they are not limited to the specific numbers unless specifically stated as essential or clearly limited to a specific number in principle. In the above-described embodiments, when the shape, positional relationship, etc. of components are mentioned, they are not limited to the shape, positional relationship, etc. unless specifically stated or limited to a specific shape, positional relationship, etc. in principle.

[0103] (Features of the present invention) [Claim 1] a heating element (13) disposed on one surface (2a) of the window glass (2) containing an alkaline component, the heating element (13) generating heat when energized to heat the window glass; a film substrate (11) including: a first substrate portion (11a) disposed between the heating element and the window glass, formed in a film shape along the one surface of the window glass, and supporting the heating element; and a second substrate portion (11b) connected to one side of the first substrate portion in a surface direction (DR1) of the one surface, and forming a gap (40) between the first substrate portion and the one surface of the window glass; a low hydrolysis layer (16, 16a) disposed on the window glass side of the second substrate portion, forming the gap between the second substrate portion and the window glass; The low hydrolysis-resistant layer is made of a material that is less susceptible to hydrolysis than the second substrate portion due to an alkaline aqueous solution produced when the alkaline component dissolves in water from the window glass. [Claim 2] 2. The electric heater according to claim 1, wherein the first substrate portion and the second substrate portion are each made of a translucent resin material that transmits light. [Claim 3] 3. The electric heater according to claim 2, wherein the light-transmitting resin material contains polyethylene terephthalate or polycarbonate. [Claim 4] 4. The electric heater according to claim 1, wherein the low hydrolysis resistance layer contains an acrylic resin or a silicone resin. [Claim 5] 4. The electric heater according to claim 1, wherein the low hydrolysis layer is formed from an adhesive containing an acrylic resin or a silicone resin. [Claim 6] an adhesive layer (12) disposed between the first substrate portion and the window glass, and adhering the first substrate portion to the one surface of the window glass; 6. The electric heater according to claim 5, wherein the adhesive layer is formed from the adhesive. [Explanation of symbols]

[0104] 1. Electric heating system for vehicles 10 Electric heater 11 Film substrate 12 Adhesive layer 13 Heating element 14a Electrode layer 14b Electrode layer 15a Connectivity Layer 15b Connection Layer 16 Low hydrolyzability layer 20 Connectors 30 Electronic control device

Claims

1. a heating element (13) disposed on one surface (2a) of the window glass (2) containing an alkaline component, the heating element generating heat when energized to heat the window glass; a film substrate (11) including: a first substrate portion (11a) disposed between the heating element and the window glass, formed in a film shape along the one surface of the window glass, and supporting the heating element; and a second substrate portion (11b) connected to one side of the first substrate portion in a surface direction (DR1) of the one surface, forming a gap (40) between the first substrate portion and the one surface of the window glass; a low hydrolysis layer (16, 16a) disposed on the window glass side of the second substrate portion, forming the gap between the second substrate portion and the window glass; The low hydrolysis-resistant layer is made of a material that is less susceptible to hydrolysis than the second substrate portion due to an alkaline aqueous solution produced when the alkaline component dissolves in water from the window glass.

2. 2. The electric heater according to claim 1, wherein the first substrate portion and the second substrate portion are each made of a translucent resin material that transmits light.

3. 3. The electric heater according to claim 2, wherein the light-transmitting resin material contains polyethylene terephthalate or polycarbonate.

4. 2. The electric heater according to claim 1, wherein the low hydrolysis resistance layer contains an acrylic resin or a silicone resin.

5. 2. The electric heater according to claim 1, wherein the low hydrolysis layer is formed from an adhesive containing an acrylic resin or a silicone resin.

6. an adhesive layer (12) disposed between the first substrate portion and the window glass, and adhering the first substrate portion to the one surface of the window glass; 6. The electric heater according to claim 5, wherein the adhesive layer is formed from the adhesive.

7. An electrode layer (14b) that passes current through the heating element; a connection layer (15b) connected to the electrode layer; a connector (20) for connecting the connection layer and an electric wire (110), the connection layer extends along the second base portion and is connected to the connector, thereby being connected to the electric wire; 7. The electric heater according to claim 1, wherein the heating element generates heat when a current flows through the heating element via the electric wire, the connection layer, and the electrode layer.

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