Energy storage cell

Abstract

A system is provided for incorporating one or more individual energy cells. The individual energy cells include a top surface having a central terminal and an outer terminal. The first terminal and the second terminal are configured as substantially flat electrical contacts. The cells further include a side surface mechanically connected to the top surface and a bottom surface mechanically connected to the side surface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] [Cross - Reference to Related Applications] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 081,238, filed September 21, 2020, entitled "ENERGY STORAGE CELL". U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 081,238 is incorporated herein by reference. Generally speaking, some devices or components can be at least partially powered by a power source. In the context of vehicles, electric vehicles can be powered, in whole or in part, by a power source. The power source for an electric vehicle is sometimes generally referred to as a "battery" and can represent individual battery cells or cells, modules, or packs. In some approaches, a cluster of cells can be regarded as an individual module, and a cluster of modules can be regarded as a pack. The power source for an electric vehicle can be installed and maintained in a pack configuration. Similar approaches / terminology can be applied to grid storage applications for collecting, storing, and distributing energy.

Background Art

[0002] Electric vehicles generally require on the order of a thousand times more power than typical consumer products such as portable devices. To achieve these power requirements, the battery pack of an electric vehicle typically includes a large - scale and high - density arrangement of individual cells that are individually arranged or configured in multiple modules. The composition and performance of the battery pack depend on the characteristics of the individual battery cells, the total number of individual cells incorporated into the battery pack, and the configuration / orientation of the cells and auxiliary components into the modules or battery pack. The battery pack can be one of the most expensive and large - scale assemblies in most electric vehicle transportation and grid storage applications.

Summary of the Invention

[0003] This disclosure provides an energy cell comprising a circular top surface having a central terminal, outer terminals, and a terminal insulating gasket, wherein the central and outer terminals are configured as electrical contacts, the central terminal is surrounded by the outer terminals, the central and outer terminals substantially cover the top surface, the central and outer terminals are separated by a terminal insulating gasket, the terminal insulating gasket being an electrical insulator; a side surface mechanically connected to the top surface; and a circular bottom surface mechanically connected to a side surface having an annular interface and a pressure vent function, wherein the annular interface is configured to form the base of the cell, and the pressure vent function is configured to vent in the opposite direction to the top surface; and energy storage material within the top surface, side surface, and bottom surface. The top surface and side surface may be continuous. The regions of the central terminal 202 and the outer terminals may be configured to be dependent. The regions of the central terminal 202 and the outer terminals may be determined based on a statistical likelihood threshold for successful interconnection welding or other assembly process at the cell array level.

[0004] This disclosure provides an energy cell comprising a top surface having a central terminal and an outer terminal, wherein the first and second terminals are configured as substantially flat electrical contacts, a side surface mechanically connected to the top surface, a bottom surface mechanically connected to the side surface, and energy storage material within the top surface, side surface, and bottom surface. The top surface may be substantially circular. The central and outer terminals may substantially cover the top surface. The central and outer terminals may be separated by a terminal insulating gasket, which is an electrical insulator. The central terminal may be a cathode, and the outer terminal may be an anode. The regions of the central terminal and the outer terminals may be configured to be dependent. The regions of the central terminal and the outer terminals may be determined based on a statistical likelihood threshold for the success of a cell array-level interconnection welding or other assembly process. The energy cell may further comprise a sleeve, which surrounds at least a portion of the side surface. The sleeve may be made of an electrical insulating material. The sleeve may consist of two layers of one or more materials. The top surface and the side surface may be continuous. The top surface may contain enough iron to allow movement via magnetic adhesion by the manufacturing equipment. The bottom surface may be substantially circular. The bottom surface may have an annular interface configured to form the base of the cell. The bottom surface may have a pressure vent function configured to vent in the opposite direction to the top surface.

[0005] This disclosure provides a battery system comprising a plurality of cells, each of which has a top surface having a central terminal and an outer terminal, the first and second terminals comprising a top surface configured as electrical contacts, a side surface mechanically connected to the top surface, a bottom surface mechanically connected to the side surface, and energy storage material within the top surface, side surface, and bottom surface, the cells being interconnected by laser welding and aligned in a substantially flat configuration. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0006] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of this disclosure are described with reference to drawings of specific configurations, which are intended to illustrate specific configurations schematically and are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0007] [Figure 1A] An exemplary energy storage cell within a sleeve is shown.

[0008] [Figure 1B] This is a perspective view of an exemplary energy storage cell.

[0009] [Figure 2A] This is a top view of an exemplary energy storage cell.

[0010] [Figure 2B] This is an alternative top view of an exemplary energy storage cell.

[0011] [Figure 3] This is a bottom view of an exemplary energy cell.

[0012] [Figure 4] These are side views of the top and bottom of an exemplary energy cell.

[0013] [Figure 5] This is an exploded view of an exemplary energy storage system. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0014] Generally speaking, one or more aspects of this disclosure relate to energy storage cells. More specifically, this disclosure relates to energy storage cells designed for integration into heavy-duty vehicles and grid storage products. Exemplarily, to support such integrations, individual energy storage cells may correspond to cylindrical storage cells of various volumes and aspect ratios. Cylindrical storage cells have certain characteristics or configurations that further support the integration. More specifically, in one aspect, the cylindrical storage cell includes a top surface configured to present concentric and substantially coplanar positive and negative terminals, in particular, such that the surface area for welded interconnections results in a statistically balanced outcome between the positive and negative terminals. In the relevant aspects, the central terminal interface (positive or negative) may be higher than the surrounding surface geometry, including the other terminal, a terminal insulating gasket that acts as an electrical insulator between the two terminals, or another element of the cell canister. In another aspect, the cylindrical storage cell includes sleeved sides to electrically insulate individual cells from each other and from auxiliary components in the cell array. Furthermore, the sides may, exemplary, interface with a cooling system added as part of the cell array and function as a primary conduit for extracting heat generated within individual cells. In yet another embodiment, the cylindrical storage cell design includes a bottom surface that selectively groups cell features or functions that in the prior art would need to be incorporated into either the top or side surface. Such additional features may include geometric shapes for sealing the open end of a stretch-molded or extruded cell can, geometric shapes for corrective vents in case of thermal runaway, and inputs for receiving material into the storage cell.

[0015] In exemplary embodiments, specific combinations of the above-described aspects of the top, side, and bottom surfaces of a cylindrical storage cell facilitate improved optimization of the functions performed by each surface. For example, by limiting the functions or components presented on the top surface to the positive and negative terminals, the exemplary cylindrical storage cell can increase the surface area of ​​the top surface corresponding to the positive and negative terminals, thereby facilitating the welding of electrical interconnections via manufacturing processes such as laser welding. This can improve economic and performance characteristics. In another example, by utilizing a sleeve material with additional thermal conductivity, a cooling channel optimized for cost and performance can be established in an embodiment of a cell array. Those skilled in the art will understand that such configurations or combinations also facilitate additional embodiments and benefits. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that other storage cell implementations within the scope of this application can incorporate different combinations of the surface aspects presented herein.

[0016] In various energy storage cell designs, attempts have been made to optimize cost, package volume, mass, performance, durability, and manufacturing efficiency at the individual cell level. However, such local optimizations typically do not lead to system-level optimization of metrics in energy storage systems that incorporate storage cells, such as cell arrays used in electric vehicles and grid energy storage systems. The selection of cell shape factors leads to efficient and effective utilization of the resulting battery pack performance, cost, package volume, durability, and manufacturing efficiency. Three different shape factors—pouch cells, prismatic cells, and cylindrical cells—are most commonly used in large-scale product applications. Cylindrical shapes offer decisive advantages in cost / manufacturing efficiency due to the continuous operation assembly process of a single component, and in packaging / durability due to the internal decomposition of the expansion force of the electrode stack material. Cylindrical shapes also generally result in improved performance due to shorter thermal path lengths and increased volumetric energy density due to the wrapped shape of the electrode stack. Those skilled in the art will understand that, in order to demonstrate the aforementioned cylindrical advantages at the level of the incorporated battery pack, the material and mechanical characteristics of individual cells, including the cell casing, can affect the ability to incorporate multiple cells to realize the function of the battery pack. Therefore, as described herein, specific characteristics and functional configurations across the various surfaces of individual cylindrical storage cells can result in additional optimizations at the product system level with respect to the cost, package volume, mass, performance, durability, and manufacturing efficiency of the incorporated cell array.

[0017] While this disclosure focuses on use in energy storage systems, the design of cylindrical energy storage cells can be utilized to improve any energy storage device where the shape factor is cylindrical (batteries, capacitors, etc.), where automated manufacturing of large array products sensitive to cost, volume, performance, and mass is a preferred outcome. Those skilled in the art will understand that additional advantages or technical efficiencies can be related without being limited to one or more aspects or combinations of aspects of this application. exemplary energy storage cell

[0018] Figure 1A shows a cross-sectional side view of an exemplary cylindrical energy storage cell 100. The storage cell may have a top surface 102, a side surface 104, and a bottom surface 106. The side surface 104 may include the cell wall of the storage cell. Cell dimensions (e.g., height and diameter) can be optimized, but are not limited, to form repeating patterns of the same voltage cluster across various energy storage systems, such as vehicle battery platforms and energy grid networks at various bus voltages. The materials used to construct the storage cell can be chemically and thermally compatible with both the internal and external materials in a given energy storage application. Although shown as a cylindrical embodiment in Figures 1A and 1B, in other embodiments the energy storage cell may not be cylindrical, such as a prism or pouch shape factor.

[0019] Figure 1B is a perspective view of an exemplary cylindrical energy storage cell. Side 104 may be part of a continuous structure that forms the structure of the cell. The top surface 102 and side 104 can be continuous (e.g., materially continuous, mechanically continuous, or any other form of continuity or persistence). Similarly, the bottom surface 106 and side 104 can be continuous. For example, the outer structure of the cell is often called the “can,” and the sides can be called the “can walls.” Exemplarily, side 104 of the cell may be continuous with the top surface 102 or the bottom surface 106 to reduce the number or severity of mechanical and electrical weak points on the cell. For example, in embodiments where side 104 is continuous with the top surface 102, the cell exhibits a locally homogeneous structure with respect to rigidity and strength. Such a cell structure may be better suited to handling mechanical loads, pressures, or stresses applied to or otherwise experienced on the top surface 102. This is also effective in the assembly of cells or products in which cells are used, and can eliminate mechanical weaknesses and associated assembly errors.

[0020] Furthermore, as described below, when the cells are arranged for use, the top surface 102 can be used to handle a portion of the mechanical load, pressure, or stress applied to the top surface 102. Exemplarily, the top surface 102 can be configured to increase the tensile strength and rigidity for the incorporation of the product structure and, in addition, to increase the compressive strength and rigidity to cope with the fixing force during the electrical interconnecting process. The array of cells 100 can directly bond the top surface 102 to a sheet so as to create a sandwich panel structure that provides sufficient strength and rigidity to support its own mass or, additionally, a product frame (such as a vehicle body).

[0021] In some embodiments, the sleeve 108 can be applied to the outer surface of the storage cell 100. The sleeve can substantially surround at least the cylindrical side surface 104 of the cell. Exemplarily, the cylindrical side surface 104 is made of a conductive material. In some embodiments, the sleeve 108 can be composed of one or more bands that do not substantially surround the cylindrical side surface 104 of the cell but rather partially expose the side surface 104 of the cell. These bands of the sleeve 108 can be equidistantly spaced from each other along the height of the cylindrical side surface 104 of the cell or can be arranged substantially close to the top surface 102 or the bottom surface 106 of the cell. When the sleeve 108 consists of one or more bands, the sleeve 108 enables an electrically insulated physical contact between the cell and other components (including other cells) while maintaining the opportunity for direct mechanical bonding to the side surface 104 of the cell.

[0022] In some embodiments, the sleeve 108 can be an electrically insulating material. The sleeve 108 can form an electrical barrier that electrically insulates each energy storage cell from other energy storage system components such as the product frame, other storage cells, and the cooling system. The sleeve 108 can facilitate the structure or configuration of a plurality of storage cells 100 corresponding to a series voltage string having the maximum volume filling density of the battery cells 100. In this configuration, the sleeve 108 can mitigate unwanted electrical connections between individual cells and eliminate the spacing gaps between the storage cells by the cell array. Thus, the use of the sleeve can enable several advantages in the energy storage system, including, but not limited to, an improvement in volumetric energy density, a reduction in internal void volume (directly reducing the cost of structurally filled modules and battery pack configurations), the facilitation of a balanced distribution of thermal energy by induced or non-induced thermal runaway (reducing the likelihood of propagation to module-level or package-level safety events), the forced adjustment of the cell spacing as a bumper, buffer, or mechanical shim between cells, and making adjacent components electrically or thermally conductive for application-specific performance improvements.

[0023] Alternatively, the sleeve 108 can be used as a bumper, buffer, or mechanical shim that physically forces cell separation without itself functioning as the primary electrical insulating medium. By using the sleeve 108 as a bumper or buffer that forces the cell spacing, the movement and up-and-down motion of the cells can be reduced. In some embodiments, the sleeve 108 can be a label for the cell and can contain information about the cell, such as regulatory information and details of important usage methods.

[0024] In some embodiments, the sleeve 108 is a single wrap of material. In some embodiments, the sleeve 108 is a double wrap of one or two materials. Double wrapping may be useful when the primary performance characteristics of one or both wraps degrade over time. Double wrapping may be even more useful for improving maintainability by forming a sliding interface layer that simplifies the removal of cells from the cell array or the replacement of cells within the cell array.

[0025] In other embodiments, the storage cell 100 may be manufactured without the sleeve 108 so that the conductive side surface is exposed. In such embodiments, the storage cell 100 may be positioned such that a distance remains between the storage cell 100 and other components of the energy storage system while it is in use in the energy storage system. If the distance between storage cells 100 is undesirable in such embodiments, adjacent cells in the same voltage cluster can be configured with their terminal polarity reversed so that the potential becomes zero as a result of direct contact between the side surfaces 104, thereby making the contact for constructing the series voltage stack negligible.

[0026] Referring to Figure 1B, side 104 may be designed to facilitate air cooling, liquid cooling, or passive cooling along a section of side 104 where no other competing functions exist. In some embodiments, side 104 may interface with active cooling channels or cooling components (e.g., heat sinks) provided as part of the cell array manufacturing. Thus, side 104 and sleeve 108 (individually or in combination) may present superior thermal conductivity paths compared to one or both other surfaces of the storage cell 100. In some embodiments, the storage cell 100 may be cooled via the top surface 102 or the bottom surface 106. Any subgroup of these interfaces may cool simultaneously, cool everything together (e.g., immersion, phase change, etc.), or not cool at all (passive / dependent on the heat capacity of the cell). In some embodiments, side 104 may sweep cylindrically around the cell. In some embodiments, side 104 may curve near the top surface 102 or the bottom surface 106. The top 102 and bottom 104 can be cooled by alternatively using the cooling of the side 104. This, in turn, allows the design of the top 102 and bottom 106 to be primarily for pressure vents, electrical terminal cell functions, and structural connections. Cooling the side 104 can also be useful in maximizing the height of the cell canister so that it can be packaged in an envelope of fixed vehicle product height, effectively minimizing the cell active material cost / mass overhead. Such a cooling device also allows for the removal of the thermal management interface from a typical abuse zone in the series load path of a structurally integrated energy storage system. This configuration can provide further thermal benefits, for example, by minimizing the rate of heat leakage to the ambient environment, allowing the cell to provide heat storage for heating the vehicle interior. In embodiments where the side 104 is cooled, the sleeve 108 does not need to have high heat resistance.

[0027] The side surface 104 may be further used for precise positioning of the storage cell 100 in the energy storage system by aligning the side surface 104 with a complementary rigid component in the energy storage system. In some embodiments, the complementary component may be a thermal component in the energy storage system.

[0028] Side 104 can have a thickness of 0.1 to 2.0 mm. Side 104 can have a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, or 1.0 mm. Side 104 can have a thickness of approximately 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.7 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.9 mm, or 2.0 mm. Side 104 can have a thickness of 0.05 mm. Using a thinner side 104 can enable a higher volumetric energy density. If the cell size is longer or if there are longer electrodes, the wall (see side 104) can be made thicker. Important factors to consider when determining side thickness include mechanical strength due to aging fatigue, resistance to side fracture that can occur due to large hoop stresses caused by internal pressure, and thermal balance that acts as a parallel resistance during cell cooling / heating.

[0029] The top surface 102 or bottom surface 106 can be relatively thicker than the side surface 104. One or more of the top surface 102 or bottom surface 106 can have a thickness of 0.1 to 2.0 mm. The top surface 102 or bottom surface 106 can have a thickness of approximately 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, or 1.0 mm. The top surface 102 or bottom surface 106 can have a thickness of approximately 1.1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.7 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.9 mm, or 2.0 mm. A thicker top surface 102 or bottom surface 106 can provide an additional substrate for electrical connections. A thicker top surface 102 or bottom surface 106 may be useful for stronger welding of the side surface 104 with an optionally larger interconnection process window. A thicker top surface 102 or bottom surface 106 may be useful for achieving higher heat transfer capacity by allowing more heat transfer from the electrical junctions during normal cell operation. A thicker top surface 102 or bottom surface 106 may be useful for manufacturing to contain more magnetic flux from material handling or assembly equipment during cell and final product assembly. This may enable the manufacture of taller cells and higher factory utilization rates.

[0030] Figure 2A shows the top surface 102 of the storage cell 100. The top surface 102 may be composed of a conductive material configured as concentric positive and negative terminals, which are depicted in Figure 2A as the central terminal 202 and the outer terminals 204. The central terminal 202 and the outer terminals 204 can be marked with text, symbols, colors, geometric features, etc., to identify each terminal or the boundary between each terminal. In some embodiments, the central terminal can be surrounded by a terminal insulator gasket 206. The terminal insulator gasket 206 can function as an electrical insulator (or dielectric insulator) between the central terminal 202 and the outer terminals 204. The central terminal 202 and the outer terminals 204 can be joined to other components to supply power to other systems, subsystems, or components. The central terminal 202 and / or the outer terminals 204 can be configured externally to improve their suitability as electrical contacts. Such an external configuration can improve material compatibility and increase the area and thickness available for electrical bonding with the central terminal 202 and / or the outer terminal 204.

[0031] In some embodiments, the central terminal 202 is the positive terminal and the outer terminal 204 is the negative terminal. In other embodiments, the central terminal 202 is the negative terminal and the outer terminal 204 is the positive terminal. In some embodiments, the central terminal 202 may be a single solid conductive component protruding from the top surface 102 (e.g., from the terminal insulator gasket 206 and / or the outer terminal 204), thereby minimizing interference with interconnecting components at the cell array level. The central terminal 202 may also be used as a gap setting mechanism for adhesives, sealants, or heat sink elements. The sleeve 108 may overlap the outer periphery of the top surface 102 to prevent accidental bridging between positive and negative terminals between adjacent storage cells 100 in the energy storage system, or to force adjustment of the shortest surface cross-sectional "creepage distance" from conductive components with different potentials, such as a cooling system or product frame.

[0032] The top surface 102 may be configured as a maximum-flat, unobstructed, and viable welding area with a substrate thickness and material suitable for providing a wide interconnect energy process window—leading to robust gap adjustment of the interconnect assembly—while minimizing the risk of compromising the airtightness of the storage cell 100. On both opposing sides of each terminal weld, sufficient positive and negative terminal areas may be provided to simultaneously perform foil retaining, welding areas, and four-probe Kelvin interconnect verification tests. Since all positive and negative cell terminals of the storage cell 100 are arranged in a common orientation on substantially the same plane, the electrical interconnects required for power supply and voltage sensing can also extend along a single plane (e.g., integrated as a foil sheet). Laser-welded interconnects along the common plane of the top surface 102 can form electrically conductive connections used to supply voltage and current with low heat loss, and can also connect to electronic equipment for voltage sensing and control, reducing manufacturing and operating costs.

[0033] In some embodiments, the top surface 102 can be made of iron or a magnetic material. In some embodiments, the central terminal 202 or the outer terminal 204 is made of iron or a magnetic material. In some embodiments, the portion of the top surface 102 that is not the central terminal 202 or the outer terminal 204 includes iron or a magnetic material. Sufficient iron or magnetic material may be present on the top surface 102 so that the entire cell and battery assembly can be picked up by magnetic attraction to the top surface 102 using an assembly tool.

[0034] In some embodiments, the side surface 104 can be made of the same iron or magnetic material as the top surface 102. Alternatively, the side surface 104 can be made of a different material. The side surface 104 can be made of a non-magnetic or non-ferrous material. The side surface 104 can be made of a lighter material (e.g., aluminum).

[0035] In exemplary embodiments, the dimensions of the circular region represented by the central terminal 202 and the outer terminal 204 may be determined based on a statistical likelihood threshold for the success of a cell array-level interconnection process (e.g., laser welding). For example, in one embodiment, the success threshold likelihood may be set to 99.9999% (4 sigma) or a maximum failure rate of 0.0001 or less. Furthermore, the dimensions of the circular region represented by the central terminal 202 and the outer terminal 204 may be configured to be dependent. In one embodiment, the diameter of the central terminal 202 may be set to be half (1 / 2) the diameter of the outer terminal 204 relative to the central terminal 204. In another embodiment, the flat, conductive diameter of the central terminal 202 may be set to be approximately equal to the flat, conductive radial width of the outer terminal 204. Those skilled in the art will understand that other failure rates, thresholds, dependencies, or proportionalities can be used for various storage cells, manufacturing environments, thermal system configurations, or desired cell arrays. Furthermore, if additional functions such as ports 208 for receiving internal materials or making physical connections are implemented on the top surface 102, the dimensions of the central terminal 202 or the outer terminal 204 may be adjusted accordingly, as shown in Figure 2B, to statistically rebalance the results of interconnect welding or other assembly processes. In embodiments where a relatively small portion of the surface of the outer terminal 204 is required for electrical interconnection, the remaining area can be used as an interface for cell terminal thermometering.

[0036] In some embodiments, the terminal insulator gasket 206 has a small radial width (e.g., 0.1 mm). The terminal insulator gasket 206 can be thin enough to satisfy the electrical creepage requirement at a potential of 4.2 V. Alternatively, the terminal insulator gasket can be configured to satisfy the electrical creepage requirements of 3.0 V, 3.2 V, 3.4 V, 3.6 V, 3.8 V, 4.0 V, 4.4 V, 4.6 V, 4.8 V, or 5.0 V. A thin terminal insulator may be useful for maximizing the electrical interface area on the upper surface 102.

[0037] Figure 3 shows the bottom surface 106 of the storage cell 100. The bottom surface 106 can incorporate all storage cell functions that do not need to be accessed or interfaced for cell array or battery pack integration. For example, the bottom surface 106 can include, but is not limited to, all functions other than accommodating terminals, such as geometric shapes for sealing the open side of the cell can and / or geometric shapes for modified vents in case of thermal runaway. By incorporating all non-planar, non-terminal functions into the bottom surface 106, the top surface 102 can have the largest electrical interface area, which can optimize the results of interconnect welding or other assembly processes.

[0038] Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional side view of the top surface 102 and bottom surface 106 of the cell enclosing the cell interior 410. The bottom surface may have a port 408 for receiving internal materials or for making physical connections.

[0039] In some embodiments, the base 106 has one or more recesses 404 and a line contact base 406. The line contact base 406 is configured to allow the cell to rest stably on the base 106. The line contact base 406 may be an annular portion on the base 106, or substantially an annular portion with respect to the contact surface, to provide stability to the cell 100. Alternatively, the line contact base 406 may be three or more contact points or contact areas on the base 106, configured to provide stability to the cell while it is stationary on the base 106. One of the one or more recesses 404 of the base 106 can be used to accommodate a pressure vent function 412. One or more recesses 404 can be used to conceal a sealed closure or the like on the base 106, or between the base 106 and the side 104. One or more recesses 404 can be used for other purposes related to the structural integrity of the cell and the base 106.

[0040] In some embodiments, the bottom surface 106 is not continuous with the side surface 104 so that it can be installed and sealed following the internal components of the cell (e.g., conductors and active material). In some embodiments, the bottom surface 106 may include a port for receiving the material of the battery cell.

[0041] Having a bottom surface 106 that is discontinuous in at least one way (e.g., mechanically continuous, materially continuous, or any other form of continuity or continuous state) can also be effective for fine-tuning the pressure vent characteristics in a way that is largely independent of the constraints and trade-offs raised by the sides 104 and top surface 102. This embodiment can improve the predictability of cell failure scenarios, in particular by keeping hot gases, debris, and flames away from adjacent cells, sensitive components, and product users. Subsequent optimization of additions or substitutions to the pressure vent function 412 on the bottom surface 106 can further improve the predictability of cell failure scenarios, in particular by keeping hot gases, debris, and flames even further away from adjacent cells, sensitive components, and product users. By manipulating these hazards more deterministically, the probability of thermal runaway and injury propagation can be reduced.

[0042] The periphery of the base surface 106 may be recessed to accommodate some overlap of the sleeve 108, so that quality defects or variations in thickness of the sleeve 108, or variations in the contour of the rolled or welded canister edge, do not affect the cell alignment accuracy of the energy storage system. The configuration of the base surface 106 also protects the sleeve 108 from mechanical wear and abuse during handling and transport in the manufacturing process, and allows for a larger contact area between the base surface 106 and adjacent components such as adhesives with strength limits.

[0043] Continuing to refer to Figure 4, the central terminal 202 may consist of a solid piece of conductive material. The central terminal 202 may be separated from the outer terminal 204 via a terminal insulator gasket (e.g., compression seal) 206. As described herein, the bottom surface 106 may have a recess 404 on which the sleeve 108 can overlap. The central terminal 202 and the outer terminal 204 may include any material suitable for laser welding and welding of the internal cell structure (e.g., aluminum).

[0044] In some embodiments, the conductive side 104 may be continuous with the outer terminal 204 and may include extruded or drawn aluminum grades to improve thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, weld interconnect yield, and gravimetric energy density compared to conventionally used canister materials.

[0045] The disclosed energy storage cell design can be used with any internal structure suitable for an energy storage device. An example of a suitable internal design may include a first substrate, an inner separator, a second substrate, and an outer separator. The first substrate may be conductive. The inner separator may be electrically insulating and may be placed on (e.g., laminated on) the first substrate. A conductive second substrate may further be placed on (e.g., laminated on) the inner separator. An electrically insulating outer separator may be placed on (e.g., laminated on) the second substrate. As soon as the first substrate, inner separator, second substrate, and outer separator are continuously laminated, the first substrate, inner separator, second substrate, and outer separator can be wound into a roll around the central axis, with the first substrate being closest to the central axis. In some embodiments, the outer separator is absent. The wound components can then be housed together with an ion transfer medium in the cylindrical energy storage cell design of this disclosure. Exemplary Product System

[0046] Figure 5 shows an exemplary energy storage system 500 in which storage cells 100 can be used within a cell array 530. In one embodiment, the storage cells 100 may be arranged in a common orientation as modules. In other embodiments, the cell array may be arranged alternately or staggered as modules. In some embodiments, the storage cells 100 may have sleeves 108 and may be arranged directly adjacent to one another. In other embodiments, the storage cells 100 may not have sleeves 108 and therefore may be arranged with some distance between each cell. In some embodiments, the storage cells 100 may be electrically interconnected via a lower voltage brick foil sheet 540, which is laser-welded to form electrical connections with the cells 100, sensing electronics, and positive / negative array terminals. In other embodiments, the foil sheet 540 may be omitted entirely. The sides 104 of the storage cells 100 may be cooled using thermal components 538. The cell array may be housed within a frame structure 502 and sealed with a lid 520.

[0047] The foregoing disclosure is not intended to limit the disclosure to the exact form or specific field of use disclosed. Therefore, various alternative embodiments and / or modifications to the disclosure, whether expressly described or implied herein, are considered possible in light of the disclosure. While embodiments of the disclosure have been described in this manner, those skilled in the art will recognize that modifications to form and detail can be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Therefore, the disclosure is limited solely by the claims.

[0048] In the aforementioned specification, the disclosure has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, as those skilled in the art will understand, the various embodiments disclosed herein can be modified or implemented in various other ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Therefore, this description should be considered illustrative and is intended to teach those skilled in the art how to manufacture and use various embodiments of the disclosed cell assemblies. It should be understood that the forms of disclosure shown and described herein should be interpreted as representative embodiments. Equivalent elements, materials, processes, or steps may be substituted for those representatively illustrated and described herein. Furthermore, certain features of the disclosure may be used independently of the use of other features, all of which will become apparent to those skilled in the art after benefiting from this description of the disclosure. Expressions such as “including,” “comprising,” “incorporating,” “consisting of,” “have,” and “is” used to describe and assert this disclosure are intended to be interpreted in a non-exclusive manner, that is, to allow for the existence of items, components, or elements not explicitly described. References to singular forms should also be interpreted in relation to plural forms.

[0049] Furthermore, the various embodiments disclosed herein should be interpreted in an illustrative and descriptive sense and not in any way as limiting the disclosure. All coupling references (e.g., attached, affixed, coupled, connected, etc.) are used solely to aid the reader's understanding of the disclosure and do not imply any limitation, in particular, with respect to the use of the positions, orientations, or systems and / or methods disclosed herein. Thus, coupling references, if any, should be interpreted broadly. Moreover, such coupling references do not necessarily imply that the two elements are directly connected to each other.

[0050] Furthermore, all numerical terms, including but not limited to "first," "second," "third," "primary," "secondary," "main," and other common and / or numerical terms, should be understood solely as identifiers to aid the reader's understanding of the various elements, embodiments, variations, and / or modifications of this disclosure, and in particular, they do not impose any limitations regarding the order or priority of any other elements, embodiments, variations, and / or modifications, or any elements, embodiments, variations, and / or modifications beyond those.

[0051] Furthermore, it should be understood that one or more elements shown in the drawings / figures may also be implemented in a more isolated or integrated manner to be useful for a particular application, or may even be removed or abandoned as non-functional in certain cases. Moreover, signal hatching in the drawings / figures should be considered illustrative only and not limiting unless otherwise specified.

Claims

1. It is an energy cell, A circular top surface having a central terminal, outer terminals, and terminal insulating gaskets, The central terminal and the outer terminal define the positive terminal and the negative terminal, The central terminal is surrounded by the outer terminals, The central terminal and the outer terminal substantially cover the upper surface and are substantially on the same plane on the upper surface. The central terminal and the outer terminal are separated by the terminal insulator gasket. The terminal insulator gasket is an electrical insulator, and has a circular upper surface, The upper surface has a side that is mechanically connected to it, A circular bottom surface mechanically connected to the side surface having an annular interface and a pressure vent function, The annular interface is configured to form the base of the cell, The pressure vent function is configured to vent in the opposite direction to the upper surface, and the circular bottom surface is configured An energy cell comprising an energy storage material in the top surface, the side surface, and the bottom surface.

2. The energy cell according to claim 1, wherein the upper surface and the side surface are continuous.

3. The energy cell according to claim 1, wherein the region of the central terminal and the region of the outer terminal are configured to be dependent on each other.

4. The energy cell according to claim 1, wherein the central terminal region and the outer terminal region are determined based on a statistical likelihood threshold for the success of interconnect welding or other assembly processes at the cell array level.

5. It is an energy cell, An upper surface having a central terminal and an outer terminal, wherein the central terminal and the outer terminal are configured as electrical contacts that are substantially on the same plane on the upper surface, and the central terminal and the outer terminal define a positive terminal and a negative terminal, The upper surface has a side that is mechanically connected to it, The bottom surface mechanically connected to the aforementioned side surface, An energy cell comprising an energy storage material in the top surface, the side surface, and the bottom surface.

6. The energy cell according to claim 5, wherein the upper surface is substantially circular.

7. The energy cell according to claim 5, wherein the central terminal and the outer terminal substantially cover the upper surface.

8. The energy cell according to claim 5, wherein the central terminal and the outer terminal are separated by a terminal insulating gasket, and the terminal insulating gasket is an electrical insulator.

9. The region of the central terminal and the region of the outer terminal are configured to depend on each other, or The energy cell according to claim 5, wherein the central terminal region and the outer terminal region are determined based on a statistical likelihood threshold for the success of an interconnection welding or other assembly process at the cell array level.

10. It further comprises a sleeve, the sleeve surrounding at least a portion of the side surface, The energy cell according to claim 5, wherein the sleeve is made of an electrically insulating material, or the sleeve is made of two layers of one or more materials.

11. The energy cell according to claim 5, wherein the upper surface and the side surface are continuous.

12. The energy cell according to claim 5, wherein the upper surface contains enough iron to allow movement via magnetic adhesion by a manufacturing apparatus.

13. The energy cell according to claim 5, wherein the bottom surface is substantially circular.

14. The energy cell according to claim 5, having a pressure vent function configured such that the bottom surface vents in the opposite direction to the top surface.

15. It is a battery system, It comprises multiple cells, and each of the cells is An upper surface having a central terminal and an outer terminal, wherein the central terminal and the outer terminal define a positive terminal and a negative terminal, and are substantially on the same plane on the upper surface, The upper surface has a side that is mechanically connected to it, The bottom surface mechanically connected to the aforementioned side surface, Including the energy storage material in the top surface, the side surface, and the bottom surface, A battery system in which the cells are interconnected by laser welding and aligned in a substantially flat configuration.

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