Buildings and methods for constructing buildings

Abstract

To provide a building that solves at least one of the problems inherent in conventional technology. [Solution] A building that can be installed without constructing a fixed foundation in the ground, comprising: at least two beam members provided at the bottom and intersecting each other in a plan view; a grounding member positioned below the intersection of the beam members to provide point support for the building; and a plurality of stabilizing legs provided on the outer circumference of the bottom and configured to extend and retract toward the ground, wherein the horizontal posture of the building is maintained by extending and retracting the stabilizing legs to make contact with the ground when the building is in a point-support state by the grounding member.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a building and a method for installing a building.

Background Art

[0002] As a common building in Japan, buildings constructed by the traditional wooden frame construction method (conventional method) in which structural materials such as wood are assembled on site are widely adopted. In such buildings premised on on-site construction, usually, site preparation of the ground, confirmation of the bearing capacity of the ground, and construction of a foundation (raft foundation, mat foundation, etc.) are carried out, and then the building is advanced in the process of sequentially assembling structural materials such as a base, columns, and beams on the foundation.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] Buildings constructed by the wooden frame construction method (conventional method) generally proceed with construction through processes such as site preparation of the ground, confirmation of the bearing capacity of the ground, and construction of a foundation, premised on on-site construction. For this reason, in construction, processes such as formwork, reinforcement placement, concrete placement, and curing, as well as ensuring the workers, capital equipment, and construction period associated with these are required, and the lead time until installation can be prolonged.

[0005] However, in cases where securing workers is difficult, such as at a disaster site immediately after an incident, or at a site with severe traffic and access conditions, it may be difficult to carry out on-site construction, including foundation work and site leveling, within the desired timeframe. In such cases, it is conceivable that the building would be pre-assembled elsewhere and then transported and installed at the site. However, conventional buildings often require support at multiple points, leveling, and fixing during installation, which may ultimately prevent a sufficient reduction in on-site work.

[0006] Furthermore, if the installation site is not subjected to extensive ground leveling and attempts are made to allow for uneven ground or a certain degree of inclination, it becomes difficult to ensure the horizontal position of the building, which may lead to reduced work efficiency and decreased stability after installation. In addition, if it becomes necessary to lift the building for transportation to the site, temporary placement, or repositioning, consideration must be given to securing the locking points of the lifting equipment and ensuring stability during lifting, which may complicate the setup process. This disclosure aims to solve at least one of the problems of the above-mentioned prior art. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The first building of this disclosure is a building that can be installed without constructing a fixed foundation in the ground, and comprises at least two beam members provided at the bottom and intersecting each other in a plan view, a grounding member positioned below the intersection of the beam members to point-support the building, and a plurality of stabilizing legs provided on the outer periphery of the bottom and configured to extend and retract toward the ground, wherein the horizontal posture of the building is maintained by extending and retracting the stabilizing legs to make contact with the ground when the building is point-supported by the grounding member. [Effects of the Invention]

[0008] According to this disclosure, at least one of the problems of the prior art can be solved. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0009] [Figure 1]This diagram illustrates the installation procedure for the building described herein, and shows the state in which the grounding members are placed on the ground. [Figure 2] This diagram illustrates the installation procedure for the building described herein, and shows the state in which the building, which has been lifted by a crane, is being lowered toward the grounding member. [Figure 3] This is a magnified view of the grounding member. [Figure 4] This diagram illustrates the installation procedure for the building described herein, showing the state after the building has been placed on the grounding member and then leveled using the stabilizing legs. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0010] The first building of this disclosure is a building that can be installed without constructing a fixed foundation in the ground, and comprises at least two beam members provided at the bottom and intersecting each other in a plan view, a grounding member positioned below the intersection of the beam members to point-support the building, and a plurality of stabilizing legs provided on the outer periphery of the bottom and configured to extend and retract toward the ground, wherein the horizontal posture of the building is maintained by extending and retracting the stabilizing legs to make contact with the ground when the building is point-supported by the grounding member.

[0011] According to the first type of building, it can be installed primarily with point support by grounding members without constructing a fixed foundation in the ground, and a horizontal posture can be ensured by extending and retracting the stabilizing legs. This contributes to reducing the amount of on-site work, including site preparation and foundation construction, as well as speeding up installation.

[0012] The second building of this disclosure is a building in which, in the first building, the beam member has a projection that protrudes outward from the building, and the projection has a suspension device connection part to which a suspension device can be attached.

[0013] According to the second building, the lifting device can be attached to the lifting device connection point and lifted from above, thus facilitating operations such as transporting, temporarily placing, and rearranging the building, and improving the degree of freedom in installation and operation according to site conditions.

[0014] The third building of the present disclosure is a building in the second building, where the grounding member is a single grounding member that point-supports the building.

[0015] According to the third building, since a single grounding member for point support is sufficient, the arrangement of the support points and the preparatory work related to level adjustment can be simplified, which further contributes to the acceleration of installation.

[0016] The fourth building of the present disclosure is a building in the third building, where the intersection of the beam members is arranged near the center of gravity of the building in plan view.

[0017] According to the fourth building, since the point support position is near the center of gravity, the load bias in the point support state is reduced, which contributes to the improvement of the posture stability during and after installation.

[0018] The fifth building of the present disclosure is a building in the fourth building, where the building is circular or polygonal in plan view.

[0019] According to the fifth building, even when the plan view shape of the building is circular or polygonal, the acceleration of installation and the ensuring of the horizontal posture according to the configurations of the first to fourth can be applied, and the design freedom and the application range can be expanded.

[0020] The installation method of the first building of the present disclosure includes the steps of arranging the grounding member on the ground, arranging any one of the first to fifth buildings so that the intersection of the beam members is above the grounding member, and point-supporting the building by the grounding member, and adjusting the horizontal posture of the building by extending and contracting the stabilizing legs to ground them on the ground.

[0021] According to the installation method of the first building, the building can be installed by simple steps of arranging the grounding member, point support, and adjusting the horizontal posture by extending and contracting the stabilizing legs, so that the burden of on-site construction involving ground leveling and foundation construction can be reduced while the installation can be completed in a short time.

[0022] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described based on the drawings. Note that the following embodiments are examples, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the plan view shape of the building 100 is not limited to a rectangle, and may be circular or polygonal (e.g., hexagonal), and the number, arrangement (grid-like, radial, lattice-like, etc.), and joining mode of the bottom girders can also be appropriately changed. Further, the shape of the grounding member, and the number, arrangement, and telescopic mechanism of the stabilizing legs can also be appropriately designed and changed according to the ground conditions of the installation target, the dimensions, uses, etc. of the building. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, the vertical direction in the installation state of the building is taken as the up-down direction, and the horizontal direction is taken as the left-right direction, but these directions are relative.

[0023] The building 100 of the present embodiment is applicable to various uses such as temporary housing in case of disasters, glamping facilities, villas, simple stores, offices, warehouses, work sheds, rest houses, and exhibition spaces. Further, it is applicable to both permanent use and limited-period use, and is also suitable for operations that repeat removal, relocation, and reinstallation after installation. The building 100 is characterized in that it does not require or can greatly simplify the fixed foundation construction involving concrete foundation works such as ground improvement, pile driving, mat foundation, and solid foundation generally carried out in conventional buildings. That is, at the installation site, the building 100 can be installed by point support by the grounding member 1 described later and adjustment of the horizontal posture by the stabilizing legs without performing processes such as excavation, reinforcement placement, concrete placement, and curing. Note that depending on the ground conditions, simple subgrade adjustment such as slight leveling of the surface layer, rolling, placement of planks, or laying of crushed stones may be performed, but these do not require fixed foundation construction.

[0024] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating the installation procedure for the building of this disclosure, showing the state in which the grounding members are placed on the ground (i.e., the initial stage of the installation work). The ground GR on which the building 100 is to be installed does not necessarily have to be flat, and may be a sloping ground, uneven ground, a gravel road, unpaved ground, a paved surface, or a temporary installation surface formed by a base plate or the like. The worker places the grounding members 1 (at least one) at the main support points planned in the design (for example, the intersection of the beam members at the bottom, or a position near the center of gravity close to there. The grounding members 1 are members for receiving the load of the building 100 by point support or local support equivalent to point support, and may be made of, for example, hard natural stone, concrete blocks, precast members, metal blocks, steel plates, or a combination of these. When installing the grounding member 1, loose stones, soft soil, or protrusions on the surface of the ground GR may be removed, and minor leveling, compaction, placement of base plates, and fine adjustment with shims (backing plates) may be performed as needed, but foundation construction processes such as excavation, reinforcement, concrete pouring, and curing are not required.

[0025] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating the installation procedure of the building according to this disclosure, showing the state in which the building, which has been lifted by a lifting means (e.g., a crane), is moved toward the grounding member and then lowered. In other words, it shows the process of lifting the building 100, transporting it above the grounding member 1, and lowering it to a predetermined position. The building 100 has at least two beam members 10, 12 that intersect in a plan view at its base as its main framework, and this framework is not limited to a wooden frame, but may be made of wood, steel, or composite members thereof.

[0026] The beam members 10 and 12 have projections that extend outward from the outer perimeter of the building 100, and the upper or side of these projections are provided with suspension device connection parts (for example, metal suspension fittings 4, eye plates, eye bolts, shackle locking holes, or equivalent fittings) to which suspension devices can be attached. By applying a lifting force to the suspension device connection parts via suspension devices such as hook mechanisms 22, wires 20, chains, or slings, the entire building 100 can be suspended in mid-air. The number and arrangement of the suspension device connection parts are not limited; for example, it may be a two-point suspension, a four-point suspension, or a multi-point suspension. If the plan view shape of the building 100 is not limited to a rectangle but is circular or polygonal, the suspension devices may be distributed circumferentially along the outer perimeter.

[0027] Because the beam members 10, 12, or the suspension device connection points protrude to the outside of the building 100, it is possible to prevent the wire 20, etc., from coming into contact with and damaging exterior members such as columns, walls, and eaves. Furthermore, by ensuring that the suspension points are located on the outside of the building 100, the horizontal force component generated in the suspension device during lifting, as well as the twisting or localized bending acting on the beam members 10, 12, can be reduced, allowing the building 100 to be safely suspended in mid-air while maintaining a near-horizontal posture without distortion.

[0028] The crane is operated to position the building 100 so that its main support points (for example, the intersection of beams 10 and 12, or near the center of gravity CG) are roughly directly above the grounding member 1, and then the building 100 is slowly lowered. In a suspended state, precise positioning to the millimeter may be difficult due to the effects of wind, swaying, elongation of the wire 20, visibility, and the resolution of the crane operation.

[0029] Therefore, in this embodiment, instead of assuming high-precision positioning by an operator, the grounding member 1 or the support part on the building 100 side is configured to automatically guide the object to a predetermined seating position while allowing for positional deviation during the descent process, using a guide shape (for example, a tapered surface, a chamfered surface, or a curved guide surface).

[0030] Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the grounding member 1. The grounding member 1 is a support that receives the building 100 by point support or local support equivalent to point support, and a positioning recess 1a is formed on its upper surface. The positioning recess 1a may be a concave shape that is recessed in the shape of a mortar, V (including a two-directional V), bowl, truncated cone, or spherical, and may be formed by machining, grinding, casting, or by attaching a separate member (liner, insert). The positioning recess 1a not only functions as a support seat for the beam material, but can also function as a guide surface that automatically corrects (centers) the seating position of the building 100 within the range of tolerance error during the lowering process. Furthermore, a flat surface or a small relief may be provided at the bottom of the positioning recess 1a, thereby reducing the effects of local contact and foreign matter (gravel, soil, etc.) getting caught.

[0031] In this example, the intersection of beam members 10 and 12 (near the center of gravity) fits directly into the positioning recess 1a. However, a convex shape (for example, conical, spherical, pyramidal, or pin-shaped projection) that can be guided in accordance with the positioning recess 1a may be formed on the intersection of beam member 10 or beam member 12 at the bottom of the building 100. The arrangement of the concave and convex shapes is not limited to the above, and the concave shape may be provided on the building 100 side and the convex shape on the grounding member 1 side.

[0032] In this embodiment, when the building 100 comes into contact with the grounding member 1, the support portion on the building 100 side moves relative to the guide surface (inclined or curved guide surface) of the positioning recess 1a, and is naturally guided to the lowest central position (deepest part). That is, by simply lowering it to a rough position during the lowering process, gravity and the cam action of the guide surface automatically perform a centering action, and the main support point near the center of gravity CG of the building 100 is set at the center of the grounding member 1. Furthermore, the contact surfaces of the positioning recess 1a and the support portion on the building 100 side may be configured to facilitate sliding movement by adjusting the surface roughness, chamfering, hardening treatment, or interposing a low-friction material (resin liner, metal plate, or coating material). Also, considering cases where friction conditions fluctuate due to rain or gravel getting stuck, a foreign object escape portion or a discharge groove may be provided at the bottom of the recess 1a. This allows for reliable guidance to the desired seating position while tolerating positional deviations, regardless of the conditions of the installation site or the planar shape of the building 100 (not limited to rectangles, but also circular or polygonal).

[0033] Figure 4 shows the state after the building 100 has been seated on the grounding member 1, and after final fixing and adjustment of its horizontal position. In the state where the building 100 is supported only by the grounding member 1, it may tilt or rotate due to external forces (wind load, uneven load during work, and slight oscillations, etc.). Therefore, multiple stabilizing legs 40 and 42 are provided on the outer circumference of the bottom of the building 100, and in the point-support state, the horizontal position of the building 100 is adjusted and maintained by extending and retracting these stabilizing legs 40 and 42 to make contact with the ground GR.

[0034] The number and arrangement of the stabilizing legs 40 and 42 are not limited; for example, they are not limited to the four corners but may be distributed along the outer perimeter, and it is sufficient to make contact with the ground at three or more points. Preferably, the stabilizing legs 40 and 42 have screw jacks, racks, hydraulic jacks, telescopic pipes, or equivalent telescopic mechanisms, and their lengths can be adjusted independently. The worker checks the position of the floor surface or beam members 10 and 12 using a spirit level, laser level, or tilt sensor, etc., and sequentially extends each stabilizing leg 40 and 42 to ensure they make firm contact with the ground GR, adjusting them to achieve the desired horizontal position. Even if there are irregularities or slopes in the ground GR, these can be absorbed by varying the extension amount of each leg.

[0035] Furthermore, the tips of the stabilizing legs 40 and 42 may be equipped with grounding plates to secure the contact area, anti-slip members, ball joints, or spikes, and load-distributing members such as base plates may be interposed in soft ground. After all the stabilizing legs 40 and 42 are grounded, the extended state is fixed by a locking mechanism (nut fastening, pin fixing, or clamp, etc.), and while point support (grounding member 1) is the main support, the stabilizing legs 40 and 42 achieve posture stability and suppress lateral sway.

[0036] As described above, the structure and installation method of this embodiment provide the following advantages, for example. Firstly, since it does not require the construction of a fixed foundation involving ground improvement, excavation, reinforcement, concrete pouring, and curing, it reduces the amount of on-site work, construction period, and the amount of materials and equipment used, contributing to reduced installation costs and greater flexibility in installation planning. Furthermore, it is less likely that any fixed foundation remains when removed, improving the ability to restore the original state. Secondly, the alignment action of the positioning recess 1a (or the corresponding guide shape) of the grounding member 1 reduces the requirement for positioning accuracy when lowering, making it easier to obtain the desired seating position in a short time while reducing reliance on the worker's skill. Thirdly, since the building 100 can be lifted using the lifting device connection parts (lifting fittings 4, etc.) provided on the protruding parts of the beam members 10 and 12, operations including transportation, temporary placement, rearrangement, removal, and reinstallation can be facilitated, making it easy to apply to repeated use or operations involving changes in the installation location. Furthermore, the extension and retraction of the stabilizing legs 40 and 42 allows for tolerance of uneven ground or a certain degree of inclination, while ensuring a horizontal posture and improving stability during use. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0037] 100: Building 1: Grounding member 1a: Positioning recess 10,12: Beam material 4: Hanging device connection part (hanging fitting) 20: Wire 22: Hook mechanism 40,42: Stabilizing legs GR:Ground CG: Center of gravity

Claims

1. A building that can be installed without creating a fixed foundation in the ground, At the bottom, there are at least two beam members that intersect each other in a plan view, A grounding member positioned below the intersection of the beam members and providing point support to the building, The base is provided with a plurality of stabilizing legs that are extended and retractable toward the ground and located on the outer circumference of the base, A building configured to maintain a horizontal posture by extending and retracting the stabilizing legs to make contact with the ground while the building is in a point-supported state by the grounding member.

2. The building according to claim 1, wherein the beam material protrudes outward from the building and has a suspension device connection portion on the protruding portion to which a suspension device can be attached.

3. The building according to claim 2, wherein the grounding member is a single grounding member that provides point support to the building.

4. The building according to claim 3, wherein the intersection of the beam members is located near the centroid of the building in a plan view.

5. The building according to claim 4, wherein the building is circular or polygonal in plan view.

6. A method for installing a building according to any one of claims 1 to 5, The steps include: placing the grounding member on the ground, The steps include positioning the building such that the intersection of the beam members is above the grounding member, and providing point support for the building with the grounding member, A method for installing a building, comprising the step of adjusting the horizontal position of the building by extending or retracting the stabilizing legs to make contact with the ground.

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