Location-Assisted In-Vehicle System (IVS) Modem Configuration Management

Abstract

In one aspect, a vehicle user equipment (V-UE) determines availability of a cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) service for a first network (NW) access subscription associated with a first SIM, a second NW access subscription associated with a second SIM, or both, where the first SIM and the second SIM are associated with a first SIM slot and a second SIM slot, respectively, of an in-vehicle system (IVS) modem of the V-UE, and based on the availability of the C-V2X service, updates a configuration of the IVS modem, switches the C-V2X service from the first NW access subscription to the second NW access subscription or from the second NW access subscription to the first NW access subscription, or both.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Cross - reference to Related Applications This patent application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 17 / 212,823, filed on March 25, 2021, entitled "LOCATION - ASSISTED IN - VEHICLE SYSTEM (IVS) MODEM CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT", which was assigned to the assignee of this application and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication.

Background Art

[0003] Wireless communication systems have evolved through various generations, including first-generation analog wireless telephone services (1G), second-generation digital wireless telephone services (including provisional 2.5G and 2.75G networks), third-generation high-speed data and internet-enabled wireless services, and fourth-generation services (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) or WiMAX). Currently, many different types of wireless communication systems are in use, including cellular systems and personal communications service (PCS) systems. Known examples of cellular systems include the Cellular Analog Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS), and digital cellular systems based on code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), and the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM).

[0004] The fifth-generation (5G) wireless standard, known as New Radio (NR), requires higher data transfer speeds, more connections, and better coverage, among other improvements. According to the Next Generation Mobile Network Alliance, the 5G standard is designed to provide data rates of tens of megabits per second to each of tens of thousands of users, and 1 gigabit per second to dozens of workers on an office floor. Hundreds of thousands of simultaneous connections should be supported to accommodate large-scale sensor deployments. Therefore, the spectral efficiency of 5G mobile communications should be significantly improved compared to the current 4G standard. Furthermore, signaling efficiency should be improved and latency should be drastically reduced compared to the current standard.

[0005] In particular, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication technology is being implemented to support autonomous driving applications, such as wireless communication between vehicles, between vehicles and roadside infrastructure, and between vehicles and pedestrians, by leveraging the increased data rates and reduced latency of 5G. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0006] [Non-Patent Document 1] 3GPP (Registered Trademark) Technical Specification (TS) 38.886 [Overview of the project] [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The following provides a simplified overview relating to one or more embodiments disclosed herein. Therefore, this overview should not be considered a broad overview relating to all intended embodiments, nor should it be considered to identify any major or significant elements relating to all intended embodiments, or to define the scope relating to any particular embodiment. Accordingly, the following overview has the sole purpose of providing a simplified overview of some concepts relating to one or more embodiments of the mechanisms disclosed herein, prior to the detailed description presented below.

[0008] In one embodiment, a method of wireless communication performed by vehicle user equipment (V-UE) includes the steps of determining the availability of cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) services for a first network access subscription associated with a first subscriber identity module (SIM), a second network access subscription associated with a second SIM, or both, wherein the first SIM and the second SIM are associated with a first SIM slot and a second SIM slot of an in-vehicle system (IVS) modem of the V-UE, respectively; and updating the configuration of the IVS modem based on the availability of the C-V2X services, switching the C-V2X services from the first network access subscription to the second network access subscription, or from the second network access subscription to the first network access subscription, or both.

[0009] In one embodiment, vehicle user equipment (V-UE) includes memory, a modem, and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and modem, wherein the at least one processor determines the availability of cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) services for a first network access subscription associated with a first subscriber identity module (SIM), a second network access subscription associated with a second SIM, or both, wherein the first SIM and the second SIM are associated with a first SIM slot and a second SIM slot of an in-vehicle system (IVS) modem of the V-UE, and the processor is configured to update the configuration of the IVS modem, switch the C-V2X service from the first network access subscription to the second network access subscription, or from the second network access subscription to the first network access subscription, or both, based on the availability of the C-V2X service.

[0010] In one embodiment, vehicle user equipment (V-UE) includes means for determining the availability of cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) services for a first network access subscription associated with a first subscriber identity module (SIM), a second network access subscription associated with a second SIM, or both, wherein the first SIM and the second SIM are associated with a first SIM slot and a second SIM slot of an in-vehicle system (IVS) modem of the V-UE, respectively; and means for updating the configuration of the IVS modem, switching the C-V2X service from the first network access subscription to the second network access subscription, or from the second network access subscription to the first network access subscription, or both, based on the availability of the C-V2X service.

[0011] In one embodiment, a non-temporary computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions, and when a computer-executable instruction is executed by vehicle user equipment (V-UE), the V-UE determines the availability of cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) services for a first network access subscription associated with a first subscriber identity module (SIM), a second network access subscription associated with a second SIM, or both, wherein the first SIM and the second SIM are in the V-UE's in-vehicle system: The IVS modem is associated with the first and second SIM slots, respectively, and the IVS modem is configured to update its configuration based on the availability of the C-V2X service, switch the C-V2X service from the first network access subscription to the second network access subscription, or from the second network access subscription to the first network access subscription, or both.

[0012] Other purposes and advantages relating to the embodiments disclosed herein will become apparent to those skilled in the art based on the accompanying drawings and detailed description.

[0013] The accompanying drawings are provided to aid in describing various aspects of this disclosure and are provided solely for illustrative purposes of aspects, not as an limitation of those aspects. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0014] [Figure 1] This figure shows an exemplary wireless communication system according to an aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 2A] This figure shows an exemplary wireless network structure according to an aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 2B] This figure shows an exemplary wireless network structure according to an aspect of the present disclosure. [Figure 3] This is a block diagram showing various components of exemplary vehicle user equipment (V-UE) according to the aspects of this disclosure. [Figure 4] This is a diagram illustrating an exemplary scenario in which an IVS modem is associated with two subscriber identity modules (SIMs) according to the aspects of this disclosure. [Figure 5] This figure shows an exemplary method of wireless communication according to an aspect of the present disclosure. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0015] The aspects of this disclosure are provided in the following description and related drawings, which cover various examples provided for illustrative purposes. Alternative embodiments may be devised without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In addition, well-known elements of this disclosure are not described in detail or are omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of this disclosure.

[0016] The terms “exemplary” and / or “example” are used herein to mean “acting as an example, case, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” and / or “example” should not necessarily be construed as being preferable or advantageous to any other aspect. Similarly, the term “aspects of the disclosure” does not require that all aspects of the disclosure include the features, advantages, or modes of operation described herein.

[0017] Those skilled in the art will understand that the information and signals described below may be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be mentioned throughout the following description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof, depending in part with the specific application, in part with the desired design, in part with the corresponding technique.

[0018] Furthermore, many embodiments will be described, for example, with respect to sequences of actions to be performed by elements of a computing device. It will be recognized that the various actions described herein may be performed by a specific circuit (e.g., an application-specific integrated circuit: ASIC), by program instructions executed by one or more processors, or a combination of both. In addition, the sequences of actions described herein may be considered to be fully embodied in any form of non-temporary computer-readable storage medium storing a corresponding set of computer instructions that, at runtime, will cause or instruct the relevant processors of the device to perform the functions described herein. Thus, the various embodiments of this disclosure may be embodied in several different forms, all of which are intended to fall within the scope of the claimed subject matter. In addition, for each of the embodiments described herein, any corresponding form of such embodiment may be described herein, for example, as “logic configured to perform” the actions described.

[0019] As used herein, the terms "user equipment" (UE), "vehicle UE" (V-UE), "pedestrian UE" (P-UE), and "base station" are not intended to be specific to or otherwise limited to any particular radio access technology (RAT) unless otherwise stated. Generally, a UE can be any wireless communication device (e.g., in-vehicle computers, vehicle navigation devices, mobile phones, routers, tablet computers, laptop computers, tracking devices, wearables (e.g., smartwatches, glasses, augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) headsets, etc.), vehicles (e.g., automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, etc.), Internet of Things (IoT) devices, etc.) used by a user to communicate via a wireless communication network. A UE can be mobile or (e.g., at some times) stationary and can communicate with a radio access network (RAN). The term "UE" as used herein may be referred to interchangeably as "mobile device", "access terminal" or "AT", "client device", "wireless device", "subscriber device", "subscriber terminal", "subscriber station", "user terminal" or UT, "mobile terminal", "mobile station", or variants thereof.

[0020] A V-UE is a type of UE that can be any in-vehicle wireless communication device, such as an in-vehicle system (IVS), navigation system, warning system, heads-up display (HUD), onboard computer, in-vehicle infotainment (IVI) system, automated driving system (ADS), or advanced driver assistance system (ADAS). Alternatively, a V-UE can be a portable wireless communication device (e.g., a cell phone, tablet computer) carried by the driver or passenger in the vehicle. The term "V-UE" may refer to an in-vehicle wireless communication device or the vehicle itself, depending on the context. A P-UE is a type of UE that can be a portable wireless communication device carried by a pedestrian (i.e., a user in a vehicle who is not driving or riding in it). Generally, a UE can communicate with the core network via the RAN, and through the core network, a UE can connect to external networks such as the internet and to other UEs. Naturally, other mechanisms for connecting to the core network and / or the internet are also possible for UEs, such as wired access networks and wireless local area networks (WLANs) (for example, based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11).

[0021] A base station may operate according to one of several RATs communicating with the UE, depending on the network in which it is deployed, and may alternatively be called an access point (AP), network node, node B, evolved node B (eNB), next generation eNB (ng-eNB), or New Radio (NR) node B (also called gNB or g-node B). Base stations may be primarily used to support wireless access by UEs, including supporting data, voice, and / or signaling connections for supported UEs. In some systems, base stations may provide purely edge node signaling functionality, while in others, base stations may provide additional control and / or network management functionality. The communication link through which a UE can send signals to a base station is called an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., reverse traffic channel, reverse control channel, access channel, etc.). A communication link through which a base station can send signals to a UE is called a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., paging channel, control channel, broadcast channel, forward traffic channel, etc.). The term traffic channel (TCH) as used herein may refer to either a UL / reverse traffic channel or a DL / forward traffic channel.

[0022] The term "base station" may refer to a single physical transmission-reception point (TRP), or multiple physical TRPs that may or may not be collocated. For example, when the term "base station" refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP may be an antenna of the base station corresponding to a cell (or some cell sectors) of the base station. When the term "base station" refers to multiple collocated physical TRPs, the physical TRPs may be an array of antennas of the base station (such as in the case of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or when the base station employs beamforming). When the term "base station" refers to multiple non-collocated physical TRPs, the physical TRPs may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transport medium), or a remote radio head (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station). Alternatively, the non-collocated physical TRPs may be a serving base station that receives measurement reports from the UE and a neighboring base station whose reference radio frequency (RF) signal the UE is measuring. Since a TRP is a point from which the base station transmits and receives wireless signals, references to transmissions from or receptions at the base station, as used herein, should be understood to refer to a particular TRP of the base station.

[0023] In some implementations supporting UE positioning, a base station may not support wireless access by the UE (for example, it may not support data, voice, and / or signaling connectivity for the UE), but instead may transmit a reference RF signal to the UE to be measured by the UE, and / or receive and measure signals transmitted by the UE. Such a base station may be called a positioning beacon (for example, when transmitting an RF signal to the UE) and / or a location measurement unit (for example, when receiving and measuring an RF signal from the UE).

[0024] An "RF signal" includes electromagnetic waves of a given frequency that transport information through the space between a transmitter and a receiver. A transmitter used herein may transmit a single "RF signal" or multiple "RF signals" to a receiver. However, a receiver may receive multiple "RF signals" corresponding to each transmitted RF signal due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels. The same RF signal transmitted over different paths between a transmitter and a receiver may be called a "multipath" RF signal. An RF signal used herein may also be referred to as a "wireless signal" or simply a "signal" where the context makes it clear that the term "signal" refers to either a wireless signal or an RF signal.

[0025] Figure 1 shows an exemplary wireless communication system 100 according to an aspect of the present disclosure. The wireless communication system 100 (sometimes referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) may include various base stations 102 (indicated as "BS") and various UEs 104. The base stations 102 may include macrocell base stations (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cell base stations (low-power cellular base stations). In one aspect, the macrocell base station 102 may include an eNB and / or ng-eNB corresponding to an LTE network, or a gNB corresponding to an NR network, or a combination of both, and the small cell base station may include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.

[0026] The base station 102 may collectively form a RAN and interface with the core network 174 (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC)) via the backhaul link 122, and with one or more location servers 172 (e.g., a location management function (LMF) or a secure user plane location (SUPL) location platform (SLP)) via the core network 174. The location servers 172 may be part of the core network 174 or may be outside of the core network 174. In addition to other functions, base stations 102 may perform functions related to one or more of the following: transferring user data, wireless channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection setup and release, load balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment tracing, RAN information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. Base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via EPC / 5GC) via backhaul links 134, which may be wired or wireless.

[0027] Base station 102 can communicate wirelessly with UE 104. Each base station 102 can provide communication coverage to its respective geographical coverage area 110. In one embodiment, one or more cells may be supported by base stations 102 in each geographical coverage area 110. A “cell” is a logical communication entity used for communication with a base station (over a frequency resource, e.g., a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, band, etc.) and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCI), an enhanced cell identifier (ECI), a virtual cell identifier (VCI), a cell global identifier (CGI), etc.) to distinguish cells operating over the same or different carrier frequencies. In some cases, different cells may be configured according to different protocol types that can provide access for different types of UEs (e.g., machine-type communication (MTC), narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), or others). Since cells are supported by specific base stations, the term "cell" can, depending on the context, refer to either or both the logical communication entity and the base station that supports the cell. In some cases, the term "cell" may also refer to the geographical coverage area (e.g., a sector) of a base station, insofar as it is possible for carrier frequencies to be detected and used for communication within a portion of the geographical coverage area 110.

[0028] The geographical coverage areas 110 of neighboring macrocell base stations 102 may partially overlap (for example, in handover areas), and some of the geographical coverage areas 110 may be substantially overlapped by larger geographical coverage areas 110. For example, a small cell base station 102' (indicated as "SC" for "small cell") may have a geographical coverage area 110' that substantially overlaps with the geographical coverage areas 110 of one or more macrocell base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell base stations and macrocell base stations may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home eNB (HeNB) that can serve a limited group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG).

[0029] The communication link 120 between base station 102 and UE 104 may include uplink (also called reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to base station 102, and / or downlink (DL) (also called forward link) transmission from base station 102 to UE 104. The communication link 120 may utilize MIMO antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link 120 may operate through one or more carrier frequencies. Carrier allocation may be asymmetric with respect to downlink and uplink (for example, more or fewer carriers may be allocated to the downlink than to the uplink).

[0030] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a WLAN access point (AP) 150 communicating with a wireless local area network (WLAN) station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in an unlicensed frequency spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz). When communicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the WLAN STA 152 and / or WLAN AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) or listen before talk (LBT) procedure before communication to determine whether the channel is available.

[0031] Small cell base station 102' may operate in licensed and / or unlicensed frequency spectrums. When operating in unlicensed frequency spectrums, small cell base station 102' may employ LTE or NR technology and use the same 5GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum used by WLAN AP150. Small cell base station 102' employing LTE / 5G in unlicensed frequency spectrums may expand coverage to the access network and / or increase the capacity of the access network. NR in unlicensed spectrums is sometimes referred to as NR-U. LTE in unlicensed spectrums is sometimes referred to as LTE-U, licensed assisted access (LAA), or MulteFire.

[0032] The wireless communication system 100 may further include a mmW base station 180 that can operate at mmW frequencies and / or near mmW frequencies while communicating with the UE 182. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is a part of RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has wavelengths between 30 GHz and 300 GHz and between 1 millimeter and 10 millimeters. Radio waves in this band are sometimes called millimeter waves. Near mmW can extend downwards to frequencies up to 3 GHz with wavelengths of 100 millimeters. The super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz and is also called centimeter waves. Communication using the mmW / near mmW radio frequency bands has high path loss and relatively short distances. The mmW base station 180 and UE 182 may utilize beamforming (transmit and / or receive) via the mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short distances. Furthermore, it will be understood that in alternative configurations, one or more base stations 102 may also transmit using mmW or quasi-mmW and beamforming. Therefore, it will be understood that the above examples are merely illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the various embodiments disclosed herein.

[0033] Transmit beamforming is a technique for concentrating RF signals in a specific direction. Traditionally, when a network node (e.g., a base station) broadcasts an RF signal, it broadcasts the signal in all directions (omnidirectional). Using transmit beamforming, a network node can determine where a given target device (e.g., a UE) is located (relative to the transmitting network node) and emit a stronger downlink RF signal in that specific direction, thereby providing a faster and stronger RF signal (in terms of data rate) to a receiving device. To change the directivity of an RF signal when transmitting, a network node can control the phase and relative amplitude of the RF signal in each of one or more transmitters broadcasting the RF signal. For example, a network node may use an array of antennas (called a "phased array" or "antenna array") that creates beams of RF waves that can be "steered" to point in different directions without actually moving the antennas. Specifically, RF currents from the transmitters are supplied to individual antennas in the correct phase relationship so that radio waves from separate antennas combine to increase radiation in the desired direction and cancel out radiation in the undesired direction.

[0034] The transmit beam may be quasi-co-located, meaning that to the receiver (e.g., UE), the transmit beam appears to have the same parameters regardless of whether the transmit antenna of the network node itself is physically co-located or not. In NR, there are four types of quasi-co-location (QCL) relationships. Specifically, a given type of QCL relationship means that several parameters of a second reference RF signal on a second beam can be derived from information about the source reference RF signal on the source beam. Thus, if the source reference RF signal is QCL type A, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, mean delay, and delay spread of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type B, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and Doppler spread of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type C, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and mean delay of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type D, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the spatial reception parameters of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.

[0035] In receive beamforming, a receiver uses a received beam to amplify an RF signal detected on a given channel. For example, a receiver can amplify an RF signal received from a particular direction (e.g., increase its gain level) by increasing the gain setting of an antenna array in a specific direction and / or adjusting the phase setting. Therefore, when a receiver is said to be beamforming in a certain direction, it means that the beam gain in that direction is higher than the beam gain along other directions, or that the beam gain in that direction is the highest compared to the beam gain in that direction of all other receive beams available to the receiver. This results in a stronger received signal intensity (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR)) of the RF signal received from that direction.

[0036] Transmit and receive beams may be spatially related. This spatial relationship means that parameters for a second beam (e.g., a transmit or receive beam) for a second reference signal can be derived from information about a first beam (e.g., a receive or transmit beam) for a first reference signal. For example, a UE might use a particular receive beam to receive a reference downlink reference signal (e.g., a synchronization signal block (SSB)) from a base station. The UE could then use the parameters of the receive beam to form a transmit beam for transmitting an uplink reference signal (e.g., a sounding reference signal (SRS)) to that base station.

[0037] It should be noted that a “downlink” beam can be either a transmit beam or a receive beam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a base station forms a downlink beam to transmit a reference signal to a UE, then the downlink beam is a transmit beam. However, if a UE forms a downlink beam, then it is a receive beam to receive a downlink reference signal. Similarly, an “uplink” beam can be either a transmit beam or a receive beam, depending on the entity forming it. For example, if a base station forms an uplink beam, then it is an uplink receive beam, and if a UE forms an uplink beam, then it is an uplink transmit beam.

[0038] In 5G, the frequency spectrum in which wireless nodes (e.g., base stations 102 / 180, UE104 / 182) operate is divided into multiple frequency ranges: FR1 (450 MHz to 6000 MHz), FR2 (24250 MHz to 52600 MHz), FR3 (above 52600 MHz), and FR4 (between FR1 and FR2). The mmW frequency band generally includes the FR2, FR3, and FR4 frequency ranges. Therefore, the terms "mmW" and "FR2" or "FR3" or "FR4" may generally be used interchangeably.

[0039] In multi-carrier systems such as 5G, one of the carrier frequencies is called the "primary carrier," "anchor carrier," "primary serving cell," or "PCell," while the remaining carrier frequencies are called "secondary carriers," "secondary serving cells," or "SCells." In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is the carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) utilized by the UE104 / 182, and on the cell where the UE104 / 182 is either performing the initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiating the RRC connection re-establishment procedure. The primary carrier carries all common control channels and UE-specific control channels and may (but not always) be a carrier on licensed frequencies. The secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2) which may be configured once an RRC connection is established between the UE104 and the anchor carrier and may be used to provide additional radio resources. In some cases, the secondary carrier may be a carrier on an unlicensed frequency. Since both the primary uplink carrier and primary downlink carrier are typically UE-specific, the secondary carrier may contain only the necessary signaling information and signals; for example, UE-specific signaling information and signals do not need to be present in the secondary carrier. This means that different UE104 / 182 within a cell may have different downlink primary carriers. The same applies to the uplink primary carrier. The network can change the primary carrier of any UE104 / 182 at any time. This is done, for example, to balance the load on different carriers. Since a "serving cell" (whether PCell or SCell) corresponds to the carrier frequency / component carrier on which some base station is communicating, terms such as "cell," "serving cell," "component carrier," and "carrier frequency" can be used interchangeably.

[0040] For example, still referring to Figure 1, one of the frequencies used by the macrocell base station 102 may be the anchor carrier (i.e., "PCell"), and the other frequencies used by the macrocell base station 102 and / or the mmW base station 180 may be the secondary carriers ("SCell"). Simultaneous transmission and / or reception of multiple carriers allows UE 104 / 182 to significantly increase its data transmission rate and / or data reception rate. For example, aggregated two 20MHz carriers in a multicarrier system would theoretically result in a twofold increase in data rate (i.e., 40MHz) compared to the data rate achieved by a single 20MHz carrier.

[0041] In the example in Figure 1, one or more Earth-orbiting satellite positioning system (SPS) space vehicles (SV) 112 (e.g., satellites) may be used as an independent source of location information for any of the illustrated UEs (shown in Figure 1 as a single UE 104 for simplicity). UE 104 may include one or more dedicated SPS receivers specifically designed to receive SPS signals 124 for deriving geolocation information from SV 112. SPS typically includes a system of transmitters (e.g., SV 112) arranged to enable receivers (e.g., UE 104) to determine their locations on or above Earth, at least in part, based on signals (e.g., SPS signals 124) received from the transmitters. Such transmitters typically transmit signals marked with a set number of repeating pseudo-random noise (PN) codes. While usually located within SV 112, transmitters may sometimes be located on ground-based control stations, base stations 102, and / or other UE 104.

[0042] The use of SPS signal 124 may be associated with use involving one or more global and / or regional navigation satellite systems, or may be otherwise enabled for such use, and may be augmented by various satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS). For example, an SBAS may include augmentation systems that provide integrity information, differential corrections, etc., such as a Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS), Multi-functional Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS), Global Positioning System (GPS)-assisted geo-augmented navigation, or GPS and Geo-Augmented Navigation system (GAGAN). Therefore, the SPS used herein may include any combination of one or more global and / or regional navigation satellite systems and / or augmentation systems, and the SPS signal 124 may include SPS, SPS-like signals, and / or other signals associated with one or more such SPS.

[0043] In particular, leveraging the increased data rates and reduced latency of NR, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication technology is being implemented to support intelligent transport system (ITS) applications, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) wireless communications. The goal is to enable vehicles to sense their surrounding environment and communicate that information to other vehicles, infrastructure, and personal mobile devices. Such vehicle communications will enable improvements in safety, mobility, and the environment that current technologies cannot provide. When fully implemented, this technology is expected to reduce collisions involving undamaged vehicles by 80%.

[0044] Referring again to Figure 1, the wireless communication system 100 may include multiple V-UEs 160 that can communicate with base station 102 over communication link 120 (for example, using a Uu interface). The V-UEs 160 may also communicate directly with each other over wireless sidelink 162, with roadside access point 164 (also called “roadside unit”) over wireless sidelink 166, or with UE 104 over wireless sidelink 168. A wireless sidelink (or simply “sidelink”) is a conformance of a core-cellular (e.g., LTE, NR) standard that enables direct communication between two or more UEs without the need for communication through a base station. Sidelink communication can be unicast or multicast and may be used for device-to-device (D2D) medium sharing, V2V communication, V2X communication (e.g., cellular V2X (C-V2X) communication, enhanced V2X (eV2X) communication, etc.), emergency rescue applications, etc. One or more of the groups of V-UE160s utilizing sidelink communication may be within the geographical coverage area 110 of base station 102. Other V-UE160s within such groups may be outside the geographical coverage area 110 of base station 102 or otherwise unable to receive transmissions from base station 102. In some cases, a group of V-UE160s communicating via sidelink communication may utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system where each V-UE160 transmits to any other V-UE160 in the group. In some cases, base station 102 facilitates the scheduling of resources for sidelink communication. In other cases, sidelink communication takes place between V-UE160s without the involvement of base station 102.

[0045] In one embodiment, sidelinks 162, 166, and 168 may operate on a relevant wireless communication medium, which may be shared with other vehicles and / or infrastructure access points, as well as with other wireless communications between other RATs. The “medium” may consist of one or more time, frequency, and / or spatial communication resources (e.g., encompassing one or more channels across one or more carriers) relating to wireless communication between one or more transmitter / receiver pairs.

[0046] In one embodiment, sidelinks 162, 166, and 168 may be C-V2X links. The first generation of C-V2X is standardized in LTE, and the next generation is expected to be defined in NR. C-V2X is a cellular technology that also enables device-to-device communication. In the United States and Europe, C-V2X is expected to operate in the licensed ITS band in the sub-6 GHz range. Other bands may be allocated in other countries. Thus, as a specific example, the relevant medium utilized by sidelinks 162, 166, and 168 may correspond to at least a portion of the licensed ITS frequency band in the sub-6 GHz range. However, this disclosure is not limited to this frequency band or cellular technology.

[0047] In one embodiment, sidelinks 162, 166, and 168 may be dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) links. DSRC is a one-way or two-way short-to-medium-range wireless communication protocol that uses the Wireless Access for Vehicular Environments (WAVE) protocol, also known as IEEE 802.11p, for V2V, V2I, and V2P communications. IEEE 802.11p is an approved modification of the IEEE 802.11 standard and operates in the 5.9 GHz (5.85–5.925 GHz) authorized ITS band in the United States. In Europe, IEEE 802.11p operates in the ITS G5A band (5.875–5.905 MHz). Other bands may be allocated in other countries. The V2V communication briefly described above takes place on the Safety Channel, which in the United States is typically a 10 MHz channel dedicated to safety purposes. The remainder of the DSRC band (total bandwidth of 75 MHz) is used for other services relevant to drivers, such as road regulations, toll collection, and automated parking. Thus, as a specific example, the relevant media used by Sidelinks 162, 166, and 168 may correspond to at least a portion of the 5.9 GHz authorized ITS frequency band.

[0048] Alternatively, the media in question could correspond to at least a portion of unlicensed frequency bands shared among various RATs. While different licensed frequency bands are reserved for some communications systems (for example, by government agencies such as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States), these systems, particularly those employing small cell access points, have recently extended their operation to unlicensed frequency bands such as the Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) band, used by wireless local area network (WLAN) technology, most notably IEEE 802.11x WLAN technology commonly known as "Wi-Fi." Exemplary systems of this type include different variants such as CDMA systems, TDMA systems, FDMA systems, orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) systems, and single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) systems.

[0049] Communication between V-UE160 is called V2V communication, communication between V-UE160 and one or more roadside access points 164 is called V2I communication, and communication between V-UE160 and one or more UE104 (if UE104 is a P-UE) is called V2P communication. V2V communication between V-UE160 may include information about V-UE160's position, speed, acceleration, direction of travel, and other vehicle data. V2I information received by V-UE160 from one or more roadside access points 164 may include, for example, road regulations, parking automation information, etc. V2P communication between V-UE160 and UE104 may include information about V-UE160's position, speed, acceleration, and direction of travel, as well as UE104's position, speed (for example, if UE104 is carried by a user on a bicycle), and direction of travel.

[0050] Figure 1 only shows two of the UEs as V-UEs (V-UE160), but note that any of the shown UEs (e.g., UE104, 152, 182, 190) could be a V-UE. In addition, although only V-UE160 and a single UE104 are shown as being connected on the sidelink, any of the UEs shown in Figure 1, whether V-UE or P-UE, could be capable of sidelink communication. Furthermore, although it was stated that only UE182 is beamforming, any of the shown UEs, including V-UE160, could be beamforming. If V-UE160 is beamforming, it can beamform toward each other (i.e., toward other V-UE160s), toward roadside access point 164, toward other UEs (e.g., UE104, 152, 182, 190), etc. Therefore, in some cases, the V-UE160 may utilize beamforming on side links 162, 166, and 168.

[0051] The wireless communication system 100 may further include one or more UEs, such as UE190, that indirectly connect to one or more communication networks via device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (referred to as "sidelinks"). In the example in Figure 1, UE190 has a D2D P2P link 192 through which one of the UEs 104 is connected to one of the base stations 102 (for example, through which UE190 can indirectly obtain cellular connectivity) and a D2D P2P link 194 through which WLAN STA152 is connected to WLAN AP150 (through which UE190 can indirectly obtain WLAN-based internet connectivity). In one example, D2D P2P links 192 and 194 may be supported using any well-known D2D RAT, such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), WiFi Direct (WiFi-D), or Bluetooth®. As another example, D2D P2P links 192 and 194 can be side links, as described above with respect to side links 162, 166, and 168.

[0052] Figure 2A shows an exemplary wireless network structure 200. For example, 5GC210 (also called Next Generation Core (NGC)) may be functionally considered as control plane functions (C plane) 214 (e.g., UE registration, authentication, network access, gateway selection, etc.) and user plane functions (U plane) 212 (e.g., UE gateway functions, access to data networks, IP routing, etc.), working collaboratively to form the core network. User plane interface (NG-U) 213 and control plane interface (NG-C) 215 connect gNB222 to 5GC210, and more specifically to user plane functions 212 and control plane functions 214, respectively. In additional configurations, ng-eNB224 may also be connected to 5GC210 via NG-C215 to control plane functions 214 and NG-U213 to user plane functions 212. Furthermore, the ng-eNB224 may communicate directly with the gNB222 via the backhaul connection 223. In some configurations, the Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN) 220 may have only one or more gNB222s, while other configurations may include one or more of both the ng-eNB224 and the gNB222. Either (or both) of the gNB222 or the ng-eNB224 may communicate with a UE204 (for example, any of the UEs described herein). In one embodiment, two or more UE204s may communicate with each other over a wireless sidelink 242 which may correspond to the wireless sidelink 162 in Figure 1. Alternatively, one of the UE204s may instead be a roadside access point or some other type of access point.

[0053] Another optional embodiment may include a location server 230 that may communicate with 5GC210 to provide location assistance to UE204. The location server 230 can be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules spread across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively, each may correspond to a single server. The location server 230 may be configured to support one or more location services for UE204 that can connect to the location server 230 via the core network 5GC210 and / or via the internet (not shown). Furthermore, the location server 230 may be integrated into the core network components, or alternatively, may be outside the core network.

[0054] Figure 2B shows another exemplary wireless network structure 250. 5GC260 (which may correspond to 5GC210 in Figure 2A) can be functionally considered as a control plane function provided by an access and mobility management function (AMF) 264, and a user plane function provided by a user plane function (UPF) 262, working collaboratively to form the core network (i.e., 5GC260). User plane interface 263 and control plane interface 265 connect ng-eNB224 to 5GC260, and more specifically to UPF262 and AMF264, respectively. In additional configurations, gNB222 may also be connected to 5GC260 via control plane interface 265 to AMF264 and user plane interface 263 to UPF262. Furthermore, ng-eNB224 may communicate directly with gNB222 via backhaul connection 223, with or without direct gNB connectivity to 5GC260. In some configurations, NG-RAN220 may have only one or more gNB222s, while other configurations may include one or more of both ng-eNB224 and gNB222. The base station of NG-RAN220 communicates with AMF264 via the N2 interface and with UPF262 via the N3 interface. Either (or both) gNB222 or ng-eNB224 may communicate with UE204 (for example, any of the UEs described herein). In one embodiment, two or more UE204 may communicate with each other on sidelink 242, which may correspond to sidelink 162 in Figure 1. Alternatively, one of the UE204 may instead be a roadside access point or some other type of access point.

[0055] The functions of AMF264 include registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception, transport for session management (SM) messages between UE204 and session management function (SMF)266, transparent proxy service for routing SM messages, access authentication and access permission, transport for short message service (SMS) messages between UE204 and short message service function (SMSF) (not shown), and security anchor functionality (SEAF). AMF264 also interacts with authentication server function (AUSF) (not shown) and UE204 and receives intermediate keys established as a result of the UE204 authentication process. In the case of authentication based on UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) subscriber identity module (USIM), AMF264 retrieves security material from AUSF. The AMF264's functionality also includes security context management (SCM). The SCM receives keys from SEAF that it uses to derive access network-specific keys. The AMF264's functionality also includes location service management for regulatory services, transport for location service messages between UE204 and LMF270 acting as location server 230, transport for location service messages between NG-RAN220 and LMF270, EPS bearer identifier allocation for interacting with the evolved packet system (EPS), and UE204 mobility event notification.In addition, AMF264 also supports functionality for non-3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) access networks.

[0056] The functions of UPF262 include acting as an anchor point for intra-RAT / inter-RAT mobility (when applicable), acting as an external protocol data unit (PDU) session point for interconnection to a data network (not shown), packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, user plane policy rule enforcement (e.g., gating, redirection, traffic steering), lawful interception (user plane collection), traffic usage reporting, quality of service (QoS) processing for the user plane (e.g., uplink / downlink rate enforcement, reflective QoS marking on the downlink), uplink traffic verification (mapping service data flow (SDF) to QoS flow), transport-level packet marking on the uplink and downlink, downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering, and sending and forwarding one or more "end markers" to the source RAN node. UPF262 may also support the forwarding of location service messages over the user plane between the UE204 and location servers such as the SLP272.

[0057] The functions of the SMF266 ​​include session management, UE Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation and management, selection and control of user plane functions, configuration of traffic steering in the UPF262 for routing traffic to appropriate destinations, control of policy enforcement and some QoS, and downlink data notification. The interface through which the SMF266 ​​communicates with the AMF264 is called the N11 interface.

[0058] Another optional embodiment may include an LMF270 that may communicate with 5GC260 to provide location assistance to UE204. LMF270 may be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules spread across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively, each may correspond to a single server. LMF270 may be configured to support one or more location services for UE204 that can connect to LMF270 via the core network 5GC260 and / or via the internet (not shown). The SLP272 may support similar functionality to the LMF270, however, the LMF270 may communicate with the AMF264, NG-RAN220, and UE204 via the control plane (for example, using interfaces and protocols intended to transmit signaling messages rather than voice or data), while the SLP272 may communicate with the UE204 and external clients (not shown in Figure 2B) via the user plane (for example, using protocols intended to carry voice and / or data, such as the transmission control protocol (TCP) and / or IP).

[0059] Figure 3 is a block diagram showing various components of an exemplary V-UE300 according to an aspect of this disclosure. In one aspect, the V-UE300 may correspond to an IVS. For simplicity, the various features and functions shown in the block diagram of Figure 3 are connected together using a common data bus, which is intended to represent that these various features and functions are operably coupled together. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other connections, mechanisms, features, functions, etc., may be provided and adapted as needed to operably couple and configure an actual IVS. For example, the various components shown in Figure 3 may not be contained in a single “box” (although this is possible) but may be distributed throughout the vehicle. Furthermore, it will be recognized that one or more of the features or functions shown in the example of Figure 3 may be further subdivided, or two or more of the features or functions shown in Figure 3 may be combined.

[0060] The V-UE300 may include a modem 304 (e.g., an IVS modem) connected to one or more antennas 302 and providing means (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, means for measuring, means for adjusting, means for withholding transmission, etc.) for communicating with other network nodes such as other V-UEs (e.g., V-UE160), infrastructure access points (e.g., roadside access point 164), P-UEs (e.g., UE104), and base stations (e.g., base station 102) via at least one designated RAT (e.g., C-V2X, LTE, NR, IEEE802.11p, etc.) on one or more communication links (e.g., communication link 120, side links 162, 166, 168, mmW communication link 184). The modem 304 may be configured in various ways to transmit and encode signals (e.g., messages, instructions, information, etc.) and, conversely, to receive and decode signals (e.g., messages, instructions, information, pilots, etc.) according to the designated RAT.

[0061] In one embodiment, the modem 304 may be configured to support dual SIM dual active (DSDA) mode. In DSDA mode, the modem 304 can provide independent network connections or communication links for each of two network access subscriptions. That is, the modem 304 may be able to transmit and receive data simultaneously over two network connections (e.g., communication link 120, side links 162, 166, 168, mmW communication link 184, D2D P2P link 192). The two independent connections or links may use the same RAT or different RATs, depending on the capabilities of the modem 304. Each subscription may be associated with and identified by a SIM. In an IVS scenario, one subscription may be for an original equipment manufacturer (OEM), and the other may be for a user associated with a vehicle (e.g., either the driver or a passenger).

[0062] To support DSDA mode, the modem 304 includes at least two RF receive chains and at least two RF transmit chains, with at least one RF receive chain and at least one RF transmit chain associated with each active subscription. An RF chain (whether receive or transmit) is a cascade of electronic components, such as amplifiers (e.g., low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) for RF receive chains and power amplifiers (PAs) for RF transmit chains), filters, mixers, attenuators, and detectors, configured to receive incoming analog signals (in the case of an RF receive chain) or transmit outgoing analog signals (in the case of an RF transmit chain). Each RF receive chain is coupled to at least one antenna 302 at one end and to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) at the other end. Each RF transmit chain is coupled to an antenna 302 at one end and to a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) at the other end.

[0063] The ADC of each RF receive chain may, but is not required to be, coupled to the same digital receive circuit of modem 304 (e.g., signal demodulator, packet processor, etc.), and the DAC of each RF transmit chain may, but is not required to be coupled to the same digital transmit circuit of modem 304 (e.g., signal modulator, packet processor, etc.). The combination of RF receive chains and digital receive circuits is called a “receiver”, and the combination of RF transmit chains and digital transmit circuits is called a “transmitter”. The combination of one or more receivers and one or more transmitters in the same circuit is called a “transceiver”. Thus, multiple RF chains may be coupled to the same digital circuit, but if modem 304 supports DSDA mode, modem 304 is considered to have at least two receivers and at least two transmitters (at least one receiver and at least one transmitter per subscription), or at least two transceivers.

[0064] Each receiver (or transceiver) may be coupled to its own antenna 302, separate from the antenna 302 of another receiver. Similarly, each transmitter (or transceiver) may be coupled to its own antenna 302, separate from the antenna 302 of another transmitter. However, since the receivers and transmitters of transceivers may share the same antenna 302, transceivers cannot receive and transmit simultaneously. Alternatively, different receivers and transmitters may each have their own receiving and transmitting antennas 302. In one embodiment, although referred to as individual antennas, the antennas 302 may each be an antenna array that enables the modem 304 to perform transmit and / or receive "beamforming" as described herein.

[0065] In one embodiment, the modem 304 may have one or more first transceivers (or sets of receivers and transmitters) capable of communicating over a first frequency range, and one or more second transceivers (or sets of receivers and transmitters) capable of communicating over a second frequency range. For example, the modem 304 may have FR1 / sub-6GHz transceivers and FR2 / mmW transceivers, or any combination thereof. If the modem 304 supports DSDA mode, one subscription may be assigned to one transceiver and the other subscription to another transceiver, or those subscriptions may share transceiver resources (e.g., RF receive and / or transmit chains of shared transceivers). For example, a 5G network may operate as either a standalone (SA) network or a non-standalone (NSA) network. 5G SA networks are designed to provide 5G connectivity without requiring the use of existing network architectures (e.g., legacy LTE networks) and include 5GC (e.g., 5GC210 / 260). In such networks, legacy carriers (e.g., LTE, 3G, GSM, etc.) may be used as secondary carriers, while 5G carriers may be used as anchor carriers. As is understood, LTE networks can also operate in either SA mode or NSA mode.

[0066] In an NSA 5G network, a UE (e.g., V-UE300) connects to an LTE eNB as a primary node for mobility management and network coverage, and to one or more additional 5G gNBs as a secondary node for extended coverage and / or throughput. This solution enables operators to deliver 5G services faster and at a lower cost. More specifically, 5G infrastructure (e.g., gNB physical sites) is added to geographical areas currently served by LTE networks, thereby enabling the provision of both LTE and 5G services within those areas. Legacy UEs (i.e., UEs with only LTE or earlier network access) can connect to existing LTE networks, while dual-connectivity UEs can connect to both LTE and 5G networks.

[0067] Typically, the same FR1 / sub-6GHz transceiver can support multiple network connections (for example, on different carrier frequencies), whereas an FR2 / mmW transceiver may only support one network connection due to the higher capability required for 5G mmW communication. Therefore, if DSDA mode is possible, the modem 304 may be able to support an active 5G SA subscription (on the FR2 / mmW transceiver) and an active LTE subscription (on the FR1 / sub-6GHz transceiver), or an active 5G NSA subscription and an active LTE subscription (where the 5G NSA uses both the FR1 / sub-6GHz transceiver and the FR2 / mmW transceiver), or two active LTE subscriptions (sharing the FR1 / sub-6GHz transceiver), but may not be able to support two active 5G subscriptions.

[0068] The modem 304 may also be coupled to one or more SIM slots 370. The SIM slots 370 may be physical or logical, or one may be physical and another logical. A physical SIM slot 370 is a physical opening into which a physical SIM card can be inserted. A logical SIM slot 370 may, in some cases, be a memory circuit that contains some low-level processing circuitry and stores information for a particular SIM (referred to as a "clone" of the SIM). A SIM may be cloned into a logical SIM slot 370 via some short-range wireless protocol, such as the Bluetooth SIM access profile (SAP) protocol. For example, a user may establish a Bluetooth connection between their smartphone (containing the user's SIM) and the V-UE300 (if the V-UE300 is an IVS) and transfer their SIM information to the logical SIM slot 370 via the Bluetooth connection. In some cases, information for multiple SIMs may be stored in local memory (e.g., memory 314), one of which may be selected and cloned into the logical SIM slot 370.

[0069] The V-UE300 may also include a satellite positioning service (SPS) receiver 306, or may be communicatively coupled to an SPS receiver 306. The SPS receiver 306 may be connected to one or more antennas 308 and may provide means for receiving and / or measuring satellite signals. The SPS receiver 306 may have any suitable hardware and / or software for receiving and processing SPS signals, such as global positioning system (GPS) signals. The SPS receiver 306 requests information and actions from other systems as appropriate and performs the calculations necessary to determine the position of the V-UE300 using measurements obtained by any suitable SPS algorithm.

[0070] One or more sensors 312 may be coupled to the processing system 310 and may provide means for sensing or detecting information about the state and / or environment of the V-UE300, such as speed, direction of travel (e.g., compass direction), headlight status, and gas mileage. For example, one or more sensors 312 may include a speedometer, tachometer, accelerometer (e.g., a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device), gyroscope, geomagnetic sensor (e.g., compass), altimeter (e.g., barometric altimeter), and the like.

[0071] The processing system 310 may include one or more central processing units (CPUs), microprocessors, microcontrollers, ASICs, processing cores, digital signal processors (DSPs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc., which provide processing functions as well as other computing and control functions. Accordingly, the processing system 310 may provide means for processing, such as means for determining, means for computing, means for receiving, means for transmitting, and means for indicating. The processing system 310 may include any form of logic suitable for performing at least the techniques described herein or for having the components of the V-UE300 perform them.

[0072] The processing system 310 may also be coupled to a memory 314 that provides means (including means for retrieving, maintaining, etc.) for storing data and software instructions for executing functions programmed within the V-UE 300. The memory 314 may be mounted on the processing system 310 (for example, within the same integrated circuit (IC) package) and / or the memory 314 may be outside the processing system 310 and functionally coupled via a data bus.

[0073] The V-UE300 may optionally include, or be communicatively coupled to, a user interface 350 (for example, on the dashboard and / or cabin of a vehicle in which the V-UE300 is installed), providing any preferred interface system such as a microphone / speaker 352, a keypad 354, and a display 356, enabling user interaction with the V-UE300. The microphone / speaker 352 may provide voice communication services with the V-UE300. The keypad 354 may comprise any preferred buttons for user input to the V-UE300. The display 356 may comprise any preferred display, such as a backlit liquid crystal display (LCD), and may further include a touchscreen display for additional user input modes. Thus, the user interface 350 may be means for providing instructions (e.g., audible instructions and / or visual instructions) to the user and / or for receiving user input (e.g., via user activation of sensing devices such as a keypad, touchscreen, microphone, etc.).

[0074] Having in-vehicle cellular connectivity is becoming increasingly important. For example, among services, requirements for IVS with full-fledged cellular modems are being introduced to support emergency calls (eCall) and V2X communications (including C-V2X communications). The design of an IVS modem (e.g., modem 304) generally supports a specific maximum performance / capability envelope based on the hardware capabilities of the IVS modem (e.g., RF, baseband, and CPU availability).

[0075] C-V2X uses LTE and / or NR cellular connectivity to send and receive messages from one IVS to other IVS', pedestrians, or stationary objects around vehicles such as highway infrastructure and roadside access points. C-V2X typically uses the 5.9 GHz frequency band, which is the ITS frequency band in most countries. C-V2X can function without network assistance and has a range of over one mile. C-V2X is publicly available and is currently standardized in 3GPP Technical Specification (TS) 38.886, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0076] For V2X (including C-V2X) technology to be useful, there must be V2X support infrastructure such as other C-V2X-enabled vehicles, C-V2X infrastructure support (e.g., roadside units), and C-V2X support from cellular access networks (e.g., LTE and / or 5G networks). Additionally, C-V2X is more useful in congested traffic areas than on long, straight highways. Note that the term “V2X” as used herein refers to C-V2X unless non-cellular V2X is indicated (clearly or by context).

[0077] In some cases, as described above with reference to Figure 3, an IVS modem (e.g., modem 304) may be capable of supporting multiple (typically two) SIMs. Such an IVS modem may have multiple physical and / or logical "slots" (e.g., SIM slot 370) for multiple SIMs. One SIM is for the OEM and is used to send alerts to the user (e.g., ADAS alerts, alerts from roadside infrastructure, etc.) and to collect any necessary information (e.g., from other in-vehicle systems, other V-UEs, roadside infrastructure, etc.). The other subscription slot may be used to clone user subscriptions onto the IVS modem using a short-range wireless protocol such as the Bluetooth SAP protocol, as described above. While an IVS modem may only support two subscriptions at a time, multiple user subscriptions may be cloned onto user SIM slots, but only one may be active at any given time.

[0078] Figure 4 is an exemplary scenario in which the IVS modem 410 is associated with two SIMs, according to an aspect of the present disclosure. The IVS modem 410 may correspond to the modem 304 in Figure 3. In the example of Figure 4, the first SIM is a user SIM 420 and the second SIM is an OEM SIM 430. The user SIM 420 enables the IVS modem 410 to connect to a first WWAN 440 (labeled "WWAN 1"), and the OEM SIM 430 enables the IVS modem 410 to connect to a second WWAN 450 (labeled "WWAN 2"). The first WWAN 440 and the second WWAN 450 may be the same (e.g., both NR, both LTE, etc.) or different (e.g., one NR, one LTE).

[0079] An IVS modem (e.g., modem 304) may have different startup modes, each of which may support a specific performance / capability envelope. The capability type may include the number of active subscriptions, the number of supported RATs, the capability of each RAT, the type of RAT, etc. For example, the allocation of modem resources (e.g., transceivers and / or RF chains) to subscriptions may occur at modem startup and may depend on the type and / or priority of the subscription. For example, one subscription may be a 5G subscription and the other an LTE subscription, and / or an OEM subscription may have a higher priority than a user subscription and therefore may be allocated more resources or may be allocated resources preferentially over a user subscription.

[0080] Due to the capabilities of the IVS modem (e.g., modem 304), when the IVS modem needs to support C-V2X communication, it must be configured in single-SIM (SSIM) mode, whereas if it does not need to support C-V2X communication, the IVS modem can support multi-SIM (MSIM) mode. That is, when supporting C-V2X communication, the IVS modem can only support an OEM subscription (dedicated to C-V2X communication), whereas when not supporting C-V2X communication, the IVS modem can support two simultaneous subscriptions (an OEM subscription and one or more user subscriptions). In the latter case, the OEM subscription does not implement C-V2X but may implement other V2X communications (e.g., via LTE, 802.11p).

[0081] The configuration of the IVS modem at startup (e.g., modem 304) is either statically set by the OEM, or, if the IVS modem is configured in MSIM mode (i.e., without C-V2X connectivity), the user is prompted to clone a user subscription to the IVS modem's second SIM slot (e.g., one of the SIM slots 370). As specific examples of different IVS modem configurations that may be supported, the first mode may be configured for 5G SSIM operation without C-V2X. This would be the baseline configuration when mmW communication is not desired or required. The second mode may be configured to operate in DSDA mode without C-V2X. In this case, there could be two active SA subscriptions (one 5G and one LTE, or both LTE), neither of which would provide C-V2X service. Alternatively, there could be an active 5G NSA subscription and an active LTE subscription. The third mode may be configured to operate in 5G SSIM mode, thereby providing one C-V2X sidelink. A fourth mode allows the modem to be configured to operate in LTE SSIM mode, thereby also providing one C-V2X sidelink. These configurations are summarized in the table below.

[0082] [Table 1]

[0083] The possible modem configurations described above introduce various limitations. For example, an IVS modem cannot support two simultaneous voice calls (i.e., one per subscription in MSIM mode) because this would prevent one of the subscriptions from being used for C-V2X. Instead, there are different levels of throttling required to enable simultaneous voice calls. For example, in the case of an IVS modem in DSDA-only mode (Mode 2 in Table 1), only carrier frequency level throttling is required. In the case of an IVS modem in SSIM+C-V2X mode (Modes 3 and 4 in Table 1), only carrier frequency throttling is required.

[0084] This disclosure provides techniques for intelligently determining the best modem configuration for IVS based on various factors, including C-V2X availability, the vehicle's route, the vehicle's current location, and the need and usefulness of the vehicle's C-V2X communication at a given time. In addition, this disclosure provides techniques for determining a preferred subscription to clone into a second subscription slot of the IVS modem.

[0085] This disclosure proposes a crowdsourcing framework for crowdsourcing various information regarding V2X (including C-V2X) availability. The crowdsourced information may be collected by servers such as location server 172, one or more cloud-based servers, and third-party servers. The crowdsourced information may include the locations of roadside access points and other roadside infrastructure (providing C-V2X access) and current and historical C-V2X availability along roadways tracked by the crowdsourcing servers. The crowdsourcing servers may store information for all roads in a particular locality (e.g., county, state, country, continent, etc.) or only for some types of roads (e.g., state highways, federal highways, toll roads, etc.).

[0086] Current and historical C-V2X availability can be obtained based on V2X-enabled vehicles (i.e., V-UEs) reporting the availability of C-V2X connectivity as they travel. Over time (e.g., days, weeks, months), a crowdsourced server can build a map of C-V2X availability along the tracked roadways. In addition, since V2X-enabled vehicles report C-V2X availability in real time (or near real time), the map of C-V2X availability will also include current C-V2X availability. As is to be understood, the information representing current C-V2X availability will be sparser (i.e., fewer data points) than the information representing historical C-V2X availability.

[0087] Information such as the location of roadside units or other connected roadside infrastructure is generally static, and therefore this location information can be acquired and stored when it is generated (e.g., when roadside units are installed / positioned). Other information, such as information generated by V2X-enabled vehicles (V-UEs), is dynamic and can be reported to crowdsourcing servers when it is generated (i.e., in real time), periodically (e.g., every minute, every hour, once a day, weekly, etc.), or on demand (i.e., when requested by the crowdsourcing server).

[0088] In one embodiment, a C-V2X availability map may comprise a set of points indicating that C-V2X connectivity is available at that point. Each point may represent a location where a V2X-enabled vehicle reported that C-V2X connectivity was available. Each point may be associated with various pieces of information about C-V2X availability, such as WWAN (e.g., LTE or 5G), signal strength, road identifier, reporting vehicle identifier (although this may be omitted for user privacy reasons), identifier of the access point providing C-V2X connectivity, and the geographical coordinates of the point. In this way, the C-V2X availability map may be represented as a "heatmap" where larger and / or denser clusters of points indicate greater C-V2X availability.

[0089] As part of determining the route to a destination (for example, based on the user entering an address into the vehicle's navigation system), the IVS of a C-V2X-enabled vehicle can request and download relevant crowdsourced data from a crowdsourcing server. Alternatively, the IVS can upload the planned route, and the crowdsourcing server can provide C-V2X availability information for that route. However, this may be less desirable for reasons of user privacy. Regardless of how it is obtained, the IVS can determine the availability of V2X connectivity (and therefore V2X assistance) along the determined route. The IVS can then provide this information to the navigation system (if separate from the IVS) to, for example, output to the user, or even modify the determined route based on certain areas having better or worse C-V2X connectivity than others.

[0090] In one embodiment, IVS may determine C-V2X availability along a planned route, or whether to update a planned route based on C-V2X availability in the overall area of ​​the route, based on user preferences (for example, some users may not be interested in C-V2X availability, while others may have a high preference for it), traffic conditions along the planned route (for example, increased traffic congestion, or congestion exceeding a certain threshold, may make C-V2X connectivity a higher priority), and hazards along the route (for example, the number of known blind spots, intersections, and accident-prone zones along the route).

[0091] In addition to crowdsourced C-V2X availability information, IVS may also use the presence / detection of C-V2X system information blocks (SIBs) (e.g., SIB-9, SIB-17, SIB-21) to determine whether the network actually supports C-V2X at its current location along the route (because crowdsourced information may not be sufficiently accurate or available for the vehicle's current location). Once C-V2X availability information has been obtained from all available sources and the final route has been determined, this information may be used in different ways. In one embodiment, IVS may use C-V2X availability information to optimize the IVS modem configuration along the route. IVS may also base the modem configuration on other factors besides C-V2X availability, such as the user's preferences and needs for C-V2X connectivity along the route, as well as factors for obtaining C-V2X availability along the planned route.

[0092] A set of rules or heuristics may be defined for how to configure the IVS modem (e.g., modem 304) based on current or expected C-V2X availability and other factors indicating whether C-V2X connectivity is needed (e.g., user preferences, traffic conditions, route hazards, etc.). For example, when C-V2X connectivity is available and needed (as determined from crowdsourced data and C-V2X SIB discovery), the IVS may configure the modem to operate in C-V2X mode and SSIM mode (thus restricting operation to OEM SIMs). If C-V2X connectivity is not available or needed, the IVS may configure the modem to operate in MSIM mode (thus enabling user SIMs).

[0093] In one embodiment, C-V2X availability information (both crowdsourced and IVS-detected) may be provided to the OEM's server, allowing the OEM to dynamically control the modem configuration based on the above considerations (e.g., availability, requirements, user preferences) plus its own considerations. For example, this would enable the OEM to monetize C-V2X operations for specific customers and their associated subscriptions.

[0094] In one embodiment, the IVS may select a subscription to clone onto a user SIM slot (e.g., one of the SIM slots 370) based on C-V2X availability information and, optionally, a factor indicating the need for or lack of C-V2X connectivity. Currently, most V2X driver assistance operations (excluding V2P assistance for pedestrians) can only be transmitted by the IVS and not by the user's personal device (e.g., a smartphone). Even eCall or next-generation eCall (NGeCall) can only be performed from the IVS.

[0095] Accordingly, this disclosure provides a technique for determining which available subscription to select for the current operation of an IVS modem (e.g., modem 304) using C-V2X availability and the necessary information described herein. For example, if an OEM SIM does not support C-V2X at a given location (along a route), and the user has specified a preference for V2X, the IVS can check whether any of the user subscriptions that can be cloned to the IVS modem are capable of providing C-V2X services at that location. If one is capable, the IVS can clone that subscription to a user SIM slot (e.g., SIM slot 370).

[0096] At some point during the trip, if the OEM subscription is able to provide C-V2X services again, the IVS modem can fall back to the OEM subscription to provide V2X support. This decision may be based on a handshake mechanism with the OEM server using the OEM subscription. In addition, if the default OEM subscription does not support NGeCall on the current cell, the same type of technique may be extended to clone an NGeCall-enabled subscription to the IVS modem.

[0097] Please note that it is not always possible to support both C-V2X and eCall. Furthermore, some jurisdictions may have requirements for providing C-V2X, if available, while others may have requirements for providing eCall services, if available. If only one service is available, the choice of service will be determined by the legal requirements of the relevant jurisdiction.

[0098] Figure 5 shows an exemplary method 500 of wireless communication according to an aspect of the present disclosure. In one aspect, method 500 may be performed by a V-UE (for example, any of the V-UEs described herein, such as V-UE300).

[0099] In 510, the V-UE determines the availability of C-V2X services for a first network access subscription associated with a first SIM (e.g., OEM SIM 430), a second network access subscription associated with a second SIM (e.g., user SIM 420), or both, such that the first SIM and the second SIM are associated with the first SIM slot and the second SIM slot (e.g., SIM slot 370) of the V-UE's IVS modem (e.g., modem 304), respectively. In one embodiment, operation 510 may be performed by modem 304, processing system 310, and / or memory 314, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.

[0100] In 520, the V-UE updates the configuration of the IVS modem based on the availability of the C-V2X service, switches the C-V2X service from a first network access subscription to a second network access subscription, or from a second network access subscription to a first network access subscription, or both. In one embodiment, operation 520 may be performed by the modem 304, the processing system 310, and / or memory 314, any or all of which may be considered means for performing this operation.

[0101] As should be understood, the technical advantage of Method 500 is the ability to dynamically determine the IVS modem configuration in order to take full advantage of the improved V2X experience and device capabilities.

[0102] In the embodiments for carrying out the above invention, it will be seen that various features are grouped together in each example. This manner of disclosure should not be understood as an intention that the exemplary clauses have more features than are explicitly stated within each clause. Rather, the various embodiments of this disclosure may contain fewer features than all features of the individual exemplary clauses disclosed. Accordingly, the following clauses should be considered by this specification as being incorporated into this description, and each clause may be valid on its own as a separate example. Each dependent clause may refer within itself to a specific combination with one of the other clauses, but the embodiments of that dependent clause are not limited to that specific combination. It will be understood that other exemplary clauses may also include combinations of embodiments of dependent clauses with the subject matter of any other dependent clause or independent clause, or any combination of features with other dependent clauses and independent clauses. Unless it is not explicitly stated or easily inferred that a particular combination is not intended (for example, a contradictory embodiment such as defining an element as both an insulator and a conductor), the various embodiments disclosed herein explicitly include these combinations. Furthermore, even if a clause is not directly subordinate to an independent clause, it is intended that the form of the clause may be included in any other independent clause.

[0103] Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses.

[0104] Clause 1. A method for wireless communication performed by vehicle user equipment (V-UE), comprising the steps of determining the availability of cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) services for a first network access subscription associated with a first subscriber identity module (SIM), a second network access subscription associated with a second SIM, or both, wherein the first SIM and the second SIM are associated with a first SIM slot and a second SIM slot of an in-vehicle system (IVS) modem of the V-UE; and updating the configuration of the IVS modem based on the availability of the C-V2X services, switching the C-V2X services from the first network access subscription to the second network access subscription, or from the second network access subscription to the first network access subscription, or both.

[0105] Clause 2. The method of Clause 1, further comprising the steps of determining a route from a departure location to a destination location and retrieving C-V2X availability data for the route, wherein the step of determining the availability of the C-V2X service is based on the C-V2X availability data for the route.

[0106] Clause 3. The method of Clause 2, wherein the retrieval step includes the step of retrieving C-V2X availability data for the route from the crowdsourced server.

[0107] Clause 4. C-V2X availability data for a route includes the locations of roadside C-V2X access points along the route, the historical C-V2X connectivity of other V-UEs along the route, the current C-V2X connectivity of other V-UEs along the route, or any combination thereof, in any way as in Clauses 2 to 3.

[0108] Clause 5. The origin location is the current location of the V-UE, in any way described in Clauses 2 through 4.

[0109] Clause 6. Any method of Clauses 2 through 5, further including the step of modifying the route to increase C-V2X availability along the route based on C-V2X availability data for the route.

[0110] Clause 7. The steps of updating the configuration, switching C-V2X services, or both, are based on one or more factors relating to the need for C-V2X services along the route, in any manner described in Clauses 2 through 6.

[0111] Clause 8. The method of Clause 7, wherein one or more factors include known traffic conditions along the route, known hazards along the route, or both.

[0112] Clause 9. Any method of Clauses 7 to 8, wherein the step of updating the IVS modem configuration includes the step of configuring the IVS modem to a configuration that does not support C-V2X services, based on the fact that C-V2X services are not available and one or more factors indicate that C-V2X services are not needed along the route.

[0113] Clause 10. The step of determining the availability of the C-V2X service is based on any of the methods in Clauses 1 through 9, on the type of system information block (SIB) broadcast by the cell to which the IVS modem can connect.

[0114] Clause 11. The steps of updating the configuration, switching C-V2X services, or both, are further based on the user preference for having C-V2X services, in any manner described in Clauses 1 through 10.

[0115] Clause 12. The step of updating the configuration, the step of switching C-V2X services, or both, is further based on any of the methods in Clauses 1 through 11, subject to the legal requirements for the V-UE to have C-V2X services.

[0116] Clause 13. Any method of Clauses 1 through 12, further comprising the step of sending the determined availability of the C-V2X service and the current location of the V-UE to the crowdsourcing server.

[0117] Clause 14. Any method of Clauses 1 through 13, further comprising the step of transmitting the determined availability of the C-V2X service to a third-party server.

[0118] Clause 15. The method of Clause 14, further comprising the step of receiving one or more instructions from the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) for updating the configuration of the IVS modem, switching C-V2X services, or both.

[0119] Clause 16. Any method of Clauses 1 through 15, wherein the step of updating the IVS modem configuration includes the step of configuring the IVS modem to a configuration that does not support the C-V2X service, based on the fact that the C-V2X service is unavailable.

[0120] Clause 17. Any method of Clauses 1 through 15, wherein the step of updating the IVS modem configuration includes the step of configuring the IVS modem to support the C-V2X service, based on the availability of the C-V2X service.

[0121] Clause 18. Any method in Clauses 1 through 17, wherein the first network access subscription is the default network access subscription and the second network access subscription is the user network access subscription.

[0122] Clause 19. The method of Clause 18, wherein the C-V2X service is not available for the default network access subscription, and the C-V2X service is available for the user network access subscription, and the step of switching the C-V2X service includes the step of switching the C-V2X service from the default network access subscription to the user network access subscription based on the fact that the C-V2X service is available for the user network access subscription and not available for the default network access subscription.

[0123] Clause 20. The method of Clause 19, further including the step of switching the C-V2X service back from the second network access subscription to the first network access subscription based on the fact that the C-V2X service is available for the first network access subscription.

[0124] Clause 21. The method of Clause 19, further comprising the step of receiving one or more instructions from the OEM to switch the C-V2X service from a first network access subscription to a second network access subscription, from a second network access subscription back to a first network access subscription, or both.

[0125] Clause 22. Any method of Clauses 19 to 21, wherein the step of switching the C-V2X service includes the step of cloning the user network access subscription to the second SIM slot.

[0126] Clause 23. Any method in any of Clauses 18 to 21, further comprising the step of switching to a user network access subscription based on the fact that the emergency call (eCall) service is available for the default network access subscription and the eCall service is available for the user network access subscription, and the method is available for the user network access subscription and not for the default network access subscription.

[0127] Clause 24. An apparatus comprising memory and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory, wherein the memory and at least one processor are configured to perform any of the methods according to Clauses 1 to 23.

[0128] Clause 25. An apparatus comprising means for carrying out any of the methods prescribed in Clauses 1 to 23.

[0129] Clause 26. A non-temporary computer-readable medium for storing computer-executable instructions, wherein the computer-executable instructions comprise at least one instruction causing a computer or processor to perform any of the methods described in Clauses 1 to 23.

[0130] Those skilled in the art will understand that information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be mentioned throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, electric current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0131] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that various exemplary logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithmic steps described in relation to the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly demonstrate this hardware and software compatibility, various exemplary components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are described above in general terms with respect to their function. Whether such functions are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those skilled in the art may implement the described functions in various ways for each specific application, but such implementation decisions should not be construed as causing a departure from the scope of this disclosure.

[0132] The various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in relation to the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented or run using general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), ASICs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but alternatively, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors working with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0133] The methods, sequences, and / or algorithms described in relation to the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied in hardware directly, in software modules executed by a processor, or in a combination of both. The software modules may reside in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor so that the processor can read information from and write information to the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium may be integrated with the processor. The processor and storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal (e.g., a UE). Alternatively, the processor and storage medium may reside in the user terminal as separate components.

[0134] In one or more exemplary embodiments, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted via computer-readable media as one or more instructions or codes. Computer-readable media include both computer storage media and communication media, including any media that facilitate the transfer of computer programs from one location to another. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. Such computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other media that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer. Any connection is also appropriately referred to as computer-readable media. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of media. As used herein, disk and disc include compact disc (CD), laserdisc (registered trademark) (disc), optical disc (disc), digital versatile disc (disc) (disc), floppy disk (disk), and Blu-ray (registered trademark) disc (disc), where disk (disk) typically reproduces data magnetically, and disc (disc) reproduces data optically using a laser. Combinations of the above should also be included in the scope of computer-readable media.

[0135] While the above disclosures represent exemplary aspects of the Disclosure, it should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made herein without departing from the scope of the Disclosure as defined by the appended claims. The functions, steps, and / or actions of the method claims in the aspects of the Disclosure described herein do not need to be performed in any particular order. Furthermore, while elements of the Disclosure may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural is intended unless explicitly stated to limit them to the singular. [Explanation of symbols]

[0136] 100 Wireless Communication Systems 102 base stations, macrocell base stations 102' Small cell base station 104, 182, 190, 204 UE 110, 110' Geographic Coverage Area 112 Earth Orbiting Satellite Positioning System (SPS), Space Vehicle (SV), SV 120, 154 Communication Links 122, 134 Backhaul Link 124 SPS signals 150 WLAN access points (APs), WLAN APs 152 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) Station (STA), WLAN STA, UE 160, 300 V-UE 162, 166, 168, 242 Wireless Sidelink, Sidelink 164 Roadside Access Points 172,230 Location Servers 174 Core Network 180 mmW base station, base station 184 mmW communication link 192, 194 D2D P2P links 200, 250 Wireless Network Structure 210, 260 5GC 212 User Plane Function (U Plane), User Plane Function 213 User plane interface (NG-U), NG-U 214 Control Plane Function (C Plane), Control Plane Function 215 Control plane interface (NG-C), NG-C 220 Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN), NG-RAN 222 gNB 223 Backhaul connection 224 ng-eNB 262 User Plane Function (UPF), UPF 263 User Plane Interface 264 Access and mobility management function (AMF), AMF 265 Control Plane Interface 266 Session management function (SMF), SMF 270 LMF 272 SLP 302 Antennas, receiving and transmitting antennas 304 Modem 306 Satellite positioning service (SPS) receiver, SPS receiver 308 Antenna 310 Processing System 312 Sensors 314 memory 350 User Interfaces 352 Microphone / Speaker 354 Keypad 356 displays 370 SIM slots, physical SIM slots, logical SIM slots 410 IVS Modem 420 User SIMs 430 OEM SIM 440 First WWAN 450 Second WWAN

Claims

1. A method of wireless communication performed by vehicle user equipment (V-UE), The steps include determining the route from the departure location to the destination location, The steps include: retrieving cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) availability data for the aforementioned route; Regarding the aforementioned route, The first network access subscription associated with the first subscriber identity module (SIM), A second network access subscription associated with a second SIM, or Both A step of determining the availability of a C-V2X service for the V-UE, wherein the first SIM and the second SIM are associated with the first SIM slot and the second SIM slot of the in-vehicle system (IVS) modem of the V-UE, Based on the availability of the C-V2X service, A step of updating the configuration of the IVS modem, A step of switching the C-V2X service from the first network access subscription to the second network access subscription, or from the second network access subscription to the first network access subscription, or Both Steps to perform Methods that include...

2. The aforementioned step of removing, Steps to retrieve the C-V2X availability data for the route from the crowdsourcing server. The method according to claim 1, including the method described in claim 1.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the C-V2X availability data for the route comprises the locations of roadside C-V2X access points along the route, the historical C-V2X connectivity of other V-UEs along the route, the current C-V2X connectivity of other V-UEs along the route, or any combination thereof.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the departure location is the current location of the V-UE.

5. A step of modifying the route in order to increase C-V2X availability along the route, based on the C-V2X availability data for the route. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the steps of updating the configuration, switching the C-V2X service, or both are further based on one or more factors relating to the need for the C-V2X service along the route.

7. Vehicle user equipment (V-UE), Memory and Modem and, At least one processor that is communicatively coupled to the memory and the modem, This involves determining the route from the departure location to the destination location, To retrieve cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) availability data for the aforementioned route, Regarding the aforementioned route, The first network access subscription associated with the first subscriber identity module (SIM), A second network access subscription associated with a second SIM, or Both The availability of the C-V2X service for the V-UE is determined by the fact that the first SIM and the second SIM are associated with the first SIM slot and the second SIM slot of the in-vehicle system (IVS) modem of the V-UE, Based on the availability of the C-V2X service, To update the configuration of the IVS modem, Switching the C-V2X service from the first network access subscription to the second network access subscription, or from the second network access subscription to the first network access subscription, Both To do A processor configured to perform the following: V-UE, equipped with [features].

8. The at least one processor retrieves the C-V2X availability data for the route from the crowdsourcing server. The V-UE according to claim 7, configured to perform the following:

9. The V-UE according to claim 7, wherein the C-V2X availability data for the route comprises the locations of roadside C-V2X access points along the route, the historical C-V2X connectivity of other V-UEs along the route, the current C-V2X connectivity of other V-UEs along the route, or any combination thereof.

10. The V-UE according to claim 7, wherein the departure location is the current location of the V-UE.

11. The aforementioned at least one processor, Based on the C-V2X availability data for the said route, modify the said route in order to increase C-V2X availability along the said route. The V-UE according to claim 9, further configured to perform the following:

12. The V-UE according to claim 7, wherein the at least one processor is configured to update the configuration, switch the C-V2X service, or both, based on one or more factors relating to the need for the C-V2X service along the route.

13. A non-temporary computer-readable recording medium for storing computer-executable instructions, wherein when the computer-executable instructions are executed by vehicle user equipment (V-UE), the recording medium causes the vehicle user equipment (V-UE) to perform the method described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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