Multilayered woven / knitted fabric

Abstract

With a view to providing a fabric that produces little fiber waste caused during washing and that has excellent water absorption and fast-drying properties while exhibiting heat-retention properties equivalent to those of the conventional raised fabric materials, a multi-layer woven knitted fabric according to the present invention: includes, in yarns constituting at least one of the outer layers of the fabric, a composite synthetic fiber that is of a side-by-side type or eccentric sheath-core type and that comprises two types of polymers, which are component A and component B; and is configured, in a specific embodiment, to have a knitted fabric design of having a small number of interlacing points between yarns in the outer layers containing the composite synthetic fiber. Accordingly, the expression of fine crimps through heat treatment of the composite synthetic fiber is maximized and a fine heat insulating layer is formed, whereby it is possible to provide a multi-layer woven knitted fabric that produces little fabric waste during washing and that achieves heat retention properties equivalent to those of the convention raised fabric materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a multilayer structured woven or knitted fabric.

Background Art

[0002] In recent years, there has been concern about the adverse effects on ecosystems caused by plastic waste in the ocean and rivers being ingested by organisms. Particular concern is directed at plastic containers that have been fragmented by ultraviolet light and become micro-sized plastic pieces, but the reduction of waste and the relevance to the microplastic problem are also being debated for all plastic products.

[0003] On the other hand, in currently sold textile products, particularly functional textile products manufactured for sports and outdoor use, synthetic fibers are often used, and synthetic fibers may fall off as washing debris from cut parts or the like during washing. For example, a thick and heat-insulating mid-layer typified by fleece is known. This is generally made by raising the surface of the fabric to fluff up the fibers, improving the bulkiness in the raised part and forming a heat-insulating layer, thereby providing excellent heat retention. On the other hand, the same material may cause fiber debris to fall off from the raised part during washing, similar to the cut part, and tends to generate a larger amount of fiber debris than non-raised materials. In addition, since processing oil agents adhere to the raised part during the raising process of the raised material, the water absorption and diffusion properties of water are inhibited, and it tends to be inferior in water absorption and quick-drying properties compared to non-raised materials.

[0004] For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a fabric with enhanced bulkiness and heat retention by raising synthetic fibers. Patent Document 2 also proposes a woven or knitted fabric using eccentric core-sheath type synthetic fibers in which highly shrinkable components are curved after heat treatment to exhibit a three-dimensional crimp structure.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0005]

Patent Document 1

[0006] However, in the technology disclosed in Patent Document 1, when a napped finish is applied, as mentioned above, the processing oil adheres to the napped area, resulting in a tendency for inferior water absorption and quick-drying properties compared to non-napped materials, leaving room for improvement. In addition, since fiber debris is easily shed due to single-fiber breakage in the napped area, there was a tendency for a large amount of fiber debris to be generated during washing.

[0007] In Patent Document 2, the crimping of eccentric core-sheath type composite synthetic fibers is inhibited by the intersection points of the woven / knitted structure, resulting in insufficient bulkiness due to crimping. Therefore, the performance was unsatisfactory for clothing applications requiring heat retention.

[0008] Fiber shavings generated during laundry are generally removed from the washing solution or wastewater and then disposed of. Considering the potential for various problems such as increased waste, increased wastewater treatment burden, and increased maintenance burden on washing machines, it is preferable to have as little fiber shavings as possible.

[0009] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a woven or knitted fabric containing synthetic fibers that has heat retention properties equivalent to conventional brushed materials, while also having excellent water absorption and quick-drying properties, and generating less fiber debris during washing. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] To solve the above problems, the present invention has the following configuration.

[0011] (1) A multilayer woven or knitted fabric that contains, in at least one of the outer layers, a side-by-side or eccentric core-sheath composite synthetic fiber made of two polymers, component A and component B, and satisfies any of the following conditions (a) to (c).

[0012] (a) If the multilayer woven fabric is a woven fabric and the composite synthetic fibers are used in large quantities as warp threads in the outer layer, the number of intersections between the warp threads of the outer layer containing the composite synthetic fibers and the weft threads is less than the number of intersections between the warp threads of the outer layer on the opposite side of the outer layer and the weft threads.

[0013] (b) If the multilayer woven fabric is a woven fabric and the composite synthetic fibers are used in large quantities as weft in the outer layer, the number of intersections between the weft of the outer layer containing the composite synthetic fibers and the warp is less than the number of intersections between the weft of the outer layer on the opposite side of the outer layer and the warp.

[0014] (c) The multilayer woven or knitted fabric is a multilayer circular knitted fabric or a multilayer warp knitted fabric, and in the case of a multilayer circular knitted fabric, the loop length of the fibers constituting the outer layer containing the composite synthetic fibers is 70% or less of the loop length of the fibers constituting the outer layer on the opposite side of the outer layer, and in the case of a multilayer warp knitted fabric, the composite synthetic fibers are arranged in at least a part of the front reed, and the sinker loop length per rack in the front reed is 70 cm or more.

[0015] (2) The multilayer woven or knitted fabric according to (1), wherein the single yarn fineness of the composite synthetic fiber is 1.0 dtex or less.

[0016] (3) The multilayer woven or knitted fabric according to (1) or (2), wherein the outer layer of the multilayer woven or knitted fabric containing the composite synthetic fibers is such that when the fabric is folded along the weft axis, the number of fibers protruding from the folded end surface is 15 or less per centimeter.

[0017] (4) A multilayer woven or knitted fabric as described in any of (1) to (3), having a heat retention clo value of 0.75 or higher.

[0018] (5) A multilayer woven or knitted fabric according to any of (1) to (4), wherein the diffusible residual moisture content 60 minutes after the addition of 0.3 mL of water is 20% or less.

[0019] (6) Effective evaluation area of ​​900 cm² made from the multilayer structured woven fabric 2For two test pieces, in the washing test according to the ISO 6330 (2012) C4N method, the amount of fiber debris discharged from the washing machine drain port and collected using a membrane filter is 12.0 (mg / 2 test pieces) or less, and it is a multilayer structured woven or knitted fabric as described in any one of (1) to (5).

Advantages of the Invention

[0020] According to the present invention, at least one of the outer layers of the multilayer structured woven or knitted fabric contains a side-by-side type or eccentric core-sheath type composite synthetic fiber composed of two polymers of component A and component B, and in the outer layer containing the composite synthetic fiber, by adopting a woven or knitted design with few yarn-to-yarn intersection points, the expression of fine crimp due to heat treatment of the composite synthetic fiber is maximized, and by forming a fine heat insulating layer, it is possible to provide a multilayer structured woven or knitted fabric that has heat retention equivalent to that of conventional fluffed materials, is excellent in water absorption and quick drying properties, and generates little washing debris. By reducing the amount of fiber debris as in the present invention, waste can be reduced, and it is possible to reduce the load of wastewater treatment, maintenance load of washing machines, etc.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0021] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is an example of the cross-sectional morphology of the side-by-side type composite synthetic fiber used in the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is an example of the cross-sectional morphology of the eccentric core-sheath type composite synthetic fiber used in the present invention, and it is a fiber cross-section for explaining the center of gravity position in the fiber cross-section. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is an example of the weave structure of outer layer 1 in a multilayer woven fabric when a large amount of the composite synthetic fiber is used as the warp. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is an example of the weave structure of outer layer 2 in a multilayer woven fabric when a large amount of the composite synthetic fiber is used as the warp. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is an example of the weave structure of outer layer 1 in a multilayer woven fabric when a large amount of the composite synthetic fiber is used as the weft. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is an example of the weave structure of outer layer 2 in a multilayer woven fabric when a large amount of the composite synthetic fiber is used as the weft. [Figure 7] Figure 7 shows an example of the multilayer circular knit fabric of the present invention. [Figure 8] Figure 8 shows an example of the multilayer warp-knitted fabric of the present invention. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0022] The present invention will be described in detail below. The multilayer woven or knitted fabric according to the present invention is characterized in that at least one of the outer layers of the multilayer woven or knitted fabric contains a side-by-side or eccentric core-sheath type composite synthetic fiber made of two polymers, component A and component B.

[0023] Examples of multilayer woven or knitted fabrics used in the present invention include woven or knitted fabrics having two or more layers in a single fabric, wherein at least one of the outer layers of the multilayer woven or knitted fabric contains the composite synthetic fiber described below. The outer layer on the opposite side of the outer layer may also similarly contain the composite synthetic fiber.

[0024] The composite synthetic fiber used in the present invention has a fiber cross-section composed of two types of polymers, component A and component B. Here, of the two types of polymers, the component that shrinks more when heat-treated for crimping is designated as component A (high-shrinkage component), and the other as component B (low-shrinkage component). The composite morphology of the composite synthetic fiber used in the present invention is either side-by-side or eccentric core-sheath type. Specifically, it is preferable to have a side-by-side type cross-sectional morphology as illustrated in Figure 1 or an eccentric core-sheath type cross-sectional morphology as illustrated in Figure 2. Figure 1 is an example of the cross-sectional morphology of a side-by-side type composite synthetic fiber used in the present invention, showing a state in which component A1 and component B2 are composited in a side-by-side type. Figure 2 is an example of the cross-sectional morphology of an eccentric core-sheath type composite synthetic fiber used in the present invention, and is a fiber cross-section to explain the position of the centroid in the fiber cross-section. In Figure 2, component A1 is the core component and component B2 is the sheath component, and as will be described later, an eccentric core-sheath composite structure is shown where the centroid point a of component A in the cross-section of the composite synthetic fiber and the centroid point C of the cross-section of the composite synthetic fiber are different.

[0025] Furthermore, the composite synthetic fibers used in this invention typically take the form of multifilaments.

[0026] In this context, fiber-forming thermoplastic polymers are preferably used as polymers. In view of the objectives of the present invention, suitable combinations of components A and B include (1) a combination of polymers that produce a difference in shrinkage when subjected to heat treatment, and (2) a combination of polymers with different molecular weights and / or compositions such that the difference in melt viscosity between the combined polymers is 10 Pa·s or more. Generally, polymers with higher melt viscosity and higher molecular weight tend to exhibit greater shrinkage when heated under conditions that can cause crimping.

[0027] Suitable polymers for achieving the objectives of the present invention include polyalkylene terephthalates (polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, etc.), polyesters such as polylactic acid, polyamides, thermoplastic polyurethanes, polyphenylene sulfide, and polyolefins (polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.).

[0028] When components A and B are combined with different molecular weights, the molecular weight of the polymers used can be changed, such as the suitable polymers exemplified above, to use a high molecular weight polymer for component A and a low molecular weight polymer for component B, as shown in Figure 1 or Figure 2. When components A and B have different compositions, one component can be used as a homopolymer and the other as a copolymer polymer.

[0029] Furthermore, various combinations with different polymer compositions can be used, such as component A / component A / component B combinations of polybutylene terephthalate / polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate / polyethylene terephthalate, thermoplastic polyurethane / polyethylene terephthalate, and polytrimethylene terephthalate / polybutylene terephthalate. In these combinations, heat treatment can create differences in shrinkage, resulting in a fine crimped form.

[0030] In particular, among the polymers mentioned above, polyester, polyamide, and polypropylene are preferred, and among these, polyester is more preferred because it also possesses mechanical properties. Preferred examples of polyesters here include polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, copolymers thereof with dicarboxylic acid components, diol components, or oxycarboxylic acid components, or blends of these polyesters.

[0031] These polymers may contain, as necessary, inorganic fine particles, organic compounds, or carbon black as matting agents such as titanium dioxide, flame retardants, lubricants, antioxidants, or coloring pigments, without impairing the objectives of the present invention.

[0032] In the present invention, when using side-by-side type composite synthetic fibers, the composite area ratio of component A to component B in the fiber cross-section is preferably in the range of 70:30 to 30:70, and more preferably in the range of 65:35 to 35:65, from the viewpoint of crimp development.

[0033] The cross-sectional shape of both components is preferably approximately circular in circumference, with a degree of irregularity of 1.0 to 2.6. This shape is preferable because it allows for uniform distribution of force when subjected to external tension, and reduces variations in strength and elongation in the SS curve of the composite fiber. In the above, the degree of irregularity is defined as the value obtained by dividing the major axis length, which is the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the cross-section of the composite synthetic fiber, by the minor axis length, which is the distance between the two intersection points of the composite interface and the fiber surface of the cross-section.

[0034] In the present invention, when using an eccentric core-sheath type composite synthetic fiber, the composite area ratio of component A and component B in the fiber cross-section can be adjusted to easily realize a fine spiral structure by increasing the ratio of the high-shrinkage component, or high-molecular-weight polymer, which is component A, from the perspective of crimp development. Furthermore, in order to further improve the physical properties of the eccentric core-sheath type composite synthetic fiber, the ratio of the two components is preferably in the range of 70:30 to 30:70 as the area ratio of component A to component B, and more preferably in the range of 65:35 to 45:55.

[0035] An eccentric core-sheath type composite synthetic fiber has a composite cross-section formed by the joining of two different polymers, where two polymers with different polymer properties exist in a state where they are joined without substantially separating, with one polymer in the sheath portion and the other polymer in the core portion, that is, a composite synthetic fiber having a cross-sectional shape where the center of gravity of the core portion and the center of the sheath portion are different. Among these, an eccentric core-sheath type in which component B completely covers component A is preferred.

[0036] Here, eccentricity as used in this invention refers to the fact that the centroid of component A polymer in the cross-section of the composite synthetic fiber is different from the center of the cross-section of the composite synthetic fiber. This will be explained in detail below using Figure 2. In Figure 2, the horizontal hatching is component B 2, and the 45-degree hatching (upward-sloping diagonal line) is component A 1. The centroid of component A in the cross-section of the composite synthetic fiber is indicated by a, and the centroid of the cross-section of the composite synthetic fiber is indicated by C.

[0037] As a combination of core component (component A) and sheath component (component B), a combination of polyesters is more preferable because it has good crimp and mechanical properties, and excellent dimensional stability against changes in humidity and temperature. Using polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) as component A is particularly preferable because it has good crimp and forms a bulkier insulating layer, resulting in a woven or knitted fabric with high heat retention. Alternatively, using polytrimethylene terephthalate (PPT) as component A also yields a woven or knitted fabric with high crimp and a bulkier insulating layer, resulting in a woven or knitted fabric with high heat retention, and is therefore also preferable to use.

[0038] In this invention, the centroid point a of component A in the cross-section of the composite synthetic fiber and the centroid point C of the cross-section of the composite synthetic fiber are far apart (eccentric), allowing the fiber to bend significantly towards the high-shrinkage component after heat treatment. Because the high-shrinkage component shrinks relatively more strongly than the low-shrinkage component, the eccentric core-sheath type composite synthetic fiber continues to bend in the fiber axis direction. As a result, the eccentric core-sheath type composite synthetic fiber adopts a three-dimensional spiral structure, resulting in good crimp. Here, the greater the distance between the centroid points, the better the crimp and the better the stretch performance.

[0039] In the present invention, by completely covering component A with component B, whitening and fuzzing can be suppressed even when friction or impact is applied to the woven or knitted fabric, thus maintaining the condition of the woven or knitted article, which is highly preferable. In addition, from the viewpoint of the above-mentioned features and the spinning operation of the single-fiber fine-denier raw yarn, the cross-sectional shape of the composite synthetic fiber is preferably eccentric core-sheath type.

[0040] The single-fiber fineness of the composite synthetic fiber used in this invention is preferably 1.0 dtex or less. More preferably 0.8 dtex or less. By using composite synthetic fibers with fine single-fiber fineness, a finer spiral structure is formed. That is, the voids between the single filaments become finer, and each void functions as an insulating layer, resulting in a material with high heat retention properties. As a lower limit, it is preferable that the fineness be 0.1 dtex or more so that there is no significant deterioration in physical properties such as snagging and pilling that occurs with the reduction in single-fiber fineness.

[0041] The composite synthetic fiber used in this invention has a total fineness of 10 dtex or more and 600 dtex or less. The following ranges can be set. Furthermore, for clothing applications, the preferred range is between 10 dtex and 300 dtex.

[0042] The multilayer woven or knitted fabric used in the present invention contains the composite synthetic fiber in at least one of the outer layers of the multilayer woven or knitted fabric. By placing the composite synthetic fiber in the outer layer of the multilayer woven or knitted fabric, the crimping of the composite synthetic fiber during heat treatment is effectively realized, as described later, and a multilayer woven or knitted fabric with heat retention equivalent to that of conventional brushed materials is obtained. Furthermore, by placing the composite synthetic fiber having fine crimping in the outer layer, even if single yarn breakage occurs, the shedding of fibers in the crimped portion can be effectively suppressed, and the amount of fiber debris generated during washing can be reduced.

[0043] In this invention, the multilayer woven or knitted fabric may contain the composite synthetic fibers on both sides of the outer layer. In this invention, when the composite synthetic fibers are contained on both sides of the outer layer, the area ratio of the composite synthetic fibers in the outermost layer is measured for each of the front and back outer layers, and the outer layer with the larger area ratio is deemed to satisfy any of (a) to (c) above. In this invention, when the composite synthetic fibers are contained on both sides of the outer layer, the outer layer that satisfies any of (a) to (c) above is referred to as the outer layer containing the composite synthetic fibers or outer layer 1. The outer layer opposite outer layer 1 is referred to as outer layer 2. The method for measuring the area ratio of the composite synthetic fibers will be described in detail in the examples.

[0044] In the multilayer woven or knitted fabric of the present invention, when it is made into a textile product, it is preferable that the outer layer (outer layer 1) containing the composite synthetic fibers be the surface that comes into contact with the skin. In that case, the outer layer 1 becomes the so-called back layer.

[0045] In the present invention, other fibers besides the composite synthetic fibers can be used. Specifically, these include natural fibers such as cotton, silk, and animal fibers (wool), synthetic fibers such as polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, and polyurethane fibers, semi-synthetic fibers such as acetate, or regenerated cellulose fibers. Among these, synthetic fibers such as polyester fibers and polyamide fibers are preferred from the viewpoint of quick-drying properties.

[0046] Other than the aforementioned composite synthetic fibers, the fiber form may be spun yarn or multifilament yarn, but multifilament yarn is preferably used in order to suppress fiber shedding.

[0047] If the fibers other than the aforementioned composite synthetic fibers are spun yarns, a range of 10 or higher in cotton count can be set. Furthermore, a preferred range for clothing is 20 to 170 count. When the fibers other than the aforementioned composite synthetic fibers are multifilament yarns, the total fineness can be set in the range of 10 dtex to 600 dtex. Furthermore, for clothing applications, a preferred range is 10 dtex to 300 dtex.

[0048] When the multilayer woven or knitted fabric used in the present invention is a multilayer woven fabric, various double weaves and multi-layer weaves such as warp double weave and weft double weave, as well as modified structures thereof, can be used. As long as the provisions of the present invention are satisfied, the structures of the outer layer (outer layer 1) having the composite synthetic fibers and the outer layer on the opposite side (outer layer 2) can be selected from any available structure. In the present invention, whether the multilayer woven or knitted fabric is a multilayer woven fabric, a multilayer circular knitted fabric, or a multilayer warp knitted fabric, it is important to have a woven or knitted structure that does not easily inhibit the crimping of the composite synthetic fibers located in the outer layer during heat treatment. That is, the multilayer woven or knitted fabric of the present invention has a structure in which intersections and constraints that inhibit the crimping of the composite synthetic fibers in the present invention are suppressed in the outer layer. The multilayer woven or knitted fabric of the present invention will be described below for each structure.

[0049] When the multilayer woven fabric of the present invention is a woven fabric, in the outer layer (outer layer 1) containing the composite synthetic fibers, if the composite synthetic fibers are used in large quantities as warp threads, the number of intersection points between the warp threads of outer layer 1 and the weft threads is fewer than the number of intersection points between the warp threads of outer layer 2 and the weft threads. Here, an intersection point refers to a point in each outer layer where the weft threads are raised and overlapping the warp threads on the outer layer side (outermost layer). Intersections with the weft threads also occur on the inner layer side of the portion where the warp threads are raised, but the weft threads that intersect on the inner layer side do not restrain the warp threads from the outside and do not hinder the occurrence of crimping during heat treatment of the composite synthetic fibers used as warp threads, so they are not included here. Furthermore, using large quantities of the composite synthetic fibers as warp threads means that in the outer layer (outer layer 1) containing the composite synthetic fibers, the proportion of the area used as warp threads among the composite synthetic fibers located in the outermost layer is large. The measurement method will be described in detail in the examples.

[0050] In forming a woven structure, it is necessary to create intersection points with the weft threads in all warp threads. However, as mentioned above, with multilayer fabrics, it is possible to select any structure for the outer layer 1 and the outer layer 2 on the opposite side. Therefore, by selecting this woven structure, it is possible to control the intersection points in each surface. In the outer layer (outer layer 1) containing the composite synthetic fibers, when the composite synthetic fibers are used in large quantities as warp threads, the occurrence of crimp during heat treatment is inhibited at the intersection points with the weft threads, i.e., at the points where the composite synthetic fibers are constrained by the weft threads. Therefore, by reducing these intersection points, the occurrence of crimp in the composite synthetic fibers is promoted, and a multilayer fabric with heat retention equivalent to that of conventional napped materials can be obtained.

[0051] Figures 3 and 4 show examples of the weave structure of outer layer 1 and outer layer 2 in a multilayer fabric when the composite synthetic fiber is used in large quantities as warp threads. Figure 3 shows an example of the weave structure of outer layer 1 when the multilayer fabric of the present invention has a double warp structure, and Figure 4 shows an example of the weave structure of outer layer 2. In Figure 3, outer layer 1 is formed by the overlapping of warp threads 3 and weft threads 4 containing the composite synthetic fiber, and the point where the weft threads 4 overlap the warp threads 3 on the outer layer side is indicated as intersection point 5. In Figure 4, outer layer 2 is formed by warp threads 6 and weft threads 7, and the point where the weft threads 7 overlap the warp threads 6 on the outer layer side is indicated as intersection point 8. In other words, when the composite synthetic fiber is used in large quantities as warp threads in the multilayer fabric of the present invention, the number of intersection points 5 between the warp threads and weft threads in outer layer 1 containing the composite synthetic fiber, as shown in Figure 3, is fewer than the number of intersection points 8 in outer layer 2, as shown in Figure 4. Note that in Figure 3, the warp threads 6 and weft threads 7 exemplified in Figure 4 are present on the back surface of the respective outer layers, and in Figure 4, the warp threads 3 and weft threads 4 exemplified in Figure 3 are present on the back surface of the respective outer layers, but these are not shown here.

[0052] In the outer layer (outer layer 1) containing the aforementioned composite synthetic fibers, when the composite synthetic fibers are used in large quantities as warp threads, the ratio of warp intersection points = (number of intersection points of warp threads with weft threads in outer layer 1) / (number of intersection points of warp threads with weft threads in outer layer 2), which will be detailed in the examples described later, is preferably 0.3 to 0.7, and more preferably 0.4 to 0.6. By setting the ratio of warp intersection points to 0.7 or less, the crimping of the composite synthetic fibers in outer layer 1 is promoted, and a multilayer fabric with heat retention equivalent to that of conventional brushed materials can be obtained. On the other hand, setting the ratio of warp intersection points to 0.3 or more is preferable because it prevents a significant decrease in physical properties such as snagging and pilling that occurs due to a decrease in the number of intersection points of warp threads with weft threads.

[0053] On the other hand, in the multilayer fabric of the present invention, when the composite synthetic fibers are used in large quantities as weft threads in the outer layer (outer layer 1) containing the composite synthetic fibers, the number of intersection points between the weft threads of outer layer 1 and the warp threads is fewer than the number of intersection points between the weft threads of outer layer 2 on the opposite side of outer layer 1. The reason for this structure is the same as when the composite synthetic fibers are used in large quantities as warp threads in outer layer 1 as described above.

[0054] Figures 5 and 6 show examples of the weave structure of outer layer 1 and outer layer 2 in a multilayer fabric when the composite synthetic fiber is used in large quantities as the weft. Figure 5 shows an example of the weave structure of outer layer 1 when the multilayer fabric of the present invention has a double weft structure, and Figure 6 shows an example of the weave structure of outer layer 2. In Figure 5, outer layer 1 is formed by the overlapping of warp threads 9 and weft threads 10 containing the composite synthetic fiber, and the point where the warp threads 9 rise up and overlap with the weft threads 10 towards the outer layer is indicated as an intersection point 11. In Figure 6, outer layer 2 is formed by warp threads 12 and weft threads 13, and the point where the warp threads 12 rise up and overlap with the weft threads 13 towards the outer layer is indicated as an intersection point 14. In other words, when the composite synthetic fiber is used in large quantities as the weft in the multilayer fabric of the present invention, the number of intersection points 11 between the weft threads and warp threads in outer layer 1 containing the composite synthetic fiber, as shown in Figure 5, is fewer than the number of intersection points 14 in outer layer 2, as shown in Figure 6. Note that in Figure 5, the warp threads 12 and weft threads 13, as illustrated in Figure 6, are present on the back surface of the respective outer layers, and in Figure 6, the warp threads 9 and weft threads 10, as illustrated in Figure 5, are present on the back surface of the respective outer layers, but these are not shown here.

[0055] In the outer layer (outer layer 1) containing the aforementioned composite synthetic fibers, when the composite synthetic fibers are used in large quantities as weft threads, the ratio of weft intersection points = (number of intersection points of weft threads with warp threads in outer layer 1) / (number of intersection points of weft threads with warp threads in outer layer 2), as described in the examples, is preferably 0.3 to 0.7, and more preferably 0.4 to 0.6. By setting it within this range, in addition to the effect of improving heat retention in outer layer 1 as described above, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of physical properties due to the decrease in the number of intersection points with warp threads.

[0056] In multilayered fabrics, when using fibers other than the composite synthetic fiber for purposes such as creating patterns or adjusting texture, it is preferable to use a double warp structure when the composite synthetic fiber is used in large quantities as warp threads in the outer layer 1, using the composite synthetic fiber for the warp threads constituting the outer layer 1 and other fibers for the warp threads constituting the outer layer 2, as this results in an uneven distribution of the composite synthetic fiber in the outer layer 1 and enhances the heat retention effect. Furthermore, when using the composite synthetic fiber as weft threads in the outer layer 1, it is preferable to use a double weft structure, using the composite synthetic fiber for the weft threads constituting the outer layer 1 and other fibers for the weft threads constituting the outer layer 2, as this results in an uneven distribution of the composite synthetic fiber in the outer layer 1 and enhances the heat retention effect.

[0057] When the multilayer woven or knitted fabric used in the present invention is a knitted fabric, the knitting structure is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the provisions of the present invention. For example, in the case of a multilayer circular knitted fabric, in addition to a double circular knitted fabric, a single circular knitted fabric can be selected as long as it has a multilayer structure such as an inlay structure or a plating structure that allows different fibers to be unevenly distributed on the front and back sides. Similarly, in the case of a multilayer warp knitted fabric, in addition to a double tricot knitted fabric or a double raschel knitted fabric, a single tricot knitted fabric or a single raschel knitted fabric can be selected. Note that, in the case of the above single tricot knitted fabric and single raschel knitted fabric, when knitted using multiple reeds, the side knitted on the front reed side becomes the outer layer and the side knitted on the back reed side becomes the inner layer, so in the present invention, they are considered to belong to the category of multilayer warp knitted fabrics.

[0058] When the multilayer woven or knitted fabric of the present invention is a multilayer circular knitted fabric, the loop length of the fibers constituting the outer layer (outer layer 1) containing the composite synthetic fibers is 70% or less of the loop length of the fibers constituting the outer layer (outer layer 2) on the opposite side of the outer layer.

[0059] Furthermore, in the outer layer where the composite synthetic fibers occupy a large area ratio, it is more preferable that the composite synthetic fibers constitute 70% or more of the area, from the viewpoint of improving heat retention by increasing the occupied area of ​​the composite synthetic fibers. As an upper limit, 100% is preferable in terms of providing the best heat retention.

[0060] Furthermore, it is more preferable that the loop length of the fibers constituting the outer layer 1 is 50% or less of the loop length of the fibers constituting the outer layer 2. As a lower limit, it is preferable that it be 20% or more, because a decrease in the loop length of the fibers constituting the outer layer 1, i.e., a decrease in the number of knitted loops (intersections), tends to degrade physical properties such as snagging and pilling.

[0061] In other words, the composite synthetic fibers make up a high proportion of the outer layer 1, and the loop length of the fibers constituting the outer layer 1 is shorter than the loop length of the fibers constituting the outer layer 2. The loop lengths of the fibers constituting the outer layer 2 and outer layer 1 can be controlled by changing the knitting structure, and a shorter loop length means selecting a structure in the outer layer 1 that has fewer knitted loops, as exemplified by the inlay structure. In the knitted loop areas, the fibers are constrained by adjacent knitted loops, so the more knitted loops a structure has, the more the crimping of the composite synthetic fibers during heat treatment is inhibited, similar to the description regarding the intersection points of the multilayer fabric. Therefore, by designing the knitting structure so that the loop length of the fibers constituting the outer layer 1 is 70% or less of the loop length of the fibers constituting the outer layer 2, the crimping of the composite synthetic fibers is promoted, and a multilayer circular knit fabric with heat retention equivalent to that of conventional brushed materials can be obtained. The loop length is a value obtained by the method described later.

[0062] In multi-layer circular knitted fabrics, when using fibers other than the composite synthetic fiber for purposes such as creating patterns or adjusting texture, it is preferable to use the composite synthetic fiber for the backing yarn constituting the outer layer 1 and other fibers for the face yarn constituting the outer layer 2. Using the composite synthetic fiber in the outer layer 1 is preferable because it causes the composite synthetic fiber to be unevenly distributed, thereby enhancing the effect of improving heat retention.

[0063] Figure 7 shows an example of the multilayer circular knitted fabric of the present invention, which has a multilayer circular knitted fabric structure with an inlay structure consisting of fibers A15 constituting an outer layer 1 containing the composite synthetic fiber and fibers B16 constituting an outer layer 2. As illustrated in Figure 7, in the multilayer circular knitted fabric of the present invention, in which the loop length of fibers A15 constituting the outer layer 1 containing the composite synthetic fiber is 70% or less of the loop length of fibers B16 constituting the outer layer 2, there is less constraint on the fibers by the knitted loops in the fibers A15, and as described above, this structure promotes the occurrence of crimp during heat treatment of the composite synthetic fiber.

[0064] In the present invention, when the multilayer woven or knitted fabric is a multilayer warp-knitted fabric, the composite synthetic fibers are arranged in at least a portion of the front reed, and the sinker loop length per rack in the front reed is 70 cm or more. In this case, the layer on the front reed side containing the composite synthetic fibers is designated as outer layer 1, and the outer layer on the opposite side is designated as outer layer 2. In a multilayer warp-knitted fabric, for example, when knitting using three reeds: a front reed, a middle reed, and a back reed, the fibers arranged in the front reed are generally located in the outermost layer on the sinker loop surface. Therefore, in the present invention, by arranging the composite synthetic fibers in the front reed, crimping due to heat treatment is more easily achieved without being inhibited.

[0065] Furthermore, by setting the sinker loop length per rack in the front reed to 70 cm or more, the proportion of the total yarn length constituting the multilayer warp knitted fabric that is used for sinker loops, which have fewer intersection points between yarns compared to needle loops, is preferably increased, and the crimping of the composite synthetic fibers is promoted, resulting in a multilayer warp knitted fabric with heat retention equivalent to that of conventional brushed materials. Needle loops have many intersection points because they form knitted loops together with fibers knitted by the other reed, but sinker loops refer to parts with a high degree of freedom connecting needle loops, so the crimping of the composite synthetic fibers during heat treatment is less likely to be inhibited. The sinker loop length per rack in the front reed is preferably 85 cm or more, and more preferably 100 cm or more. This range is preferable because it further promotes the crimping of the composite synthetic fibers and contributes to improved heat retention. In practice, an upper limit of 200 cm or less is preferable for sports and outdoor clothing applications and clothing that comes into direct contact with the skin, as it helps to suppress deterioration of physical properties such as snagging and pilling.

[0066] Figure 8 shows an example of the multilayer warp-knitted fabric of the present invention, which consists of a sinker loop A17 of fibers containing the composite synthetic fiber knitted on a front reed and a sinker loop B18 of fibers knitted on a back reed, and is a multilayer warp-knitted fabric knitted in a satin structure. As illustrated in Figure 8, the multilayer warp-knitted fabric of the present invention, in which the sinker loop length per rack on the front reed is 70 cm or more, has a large number of swings (underwraps) in the wale direction per course of the sinker loop A17 containing the composite synthetic fiber, and as described above, has a structure that promotes the occurrence of crimp during heat treatment of the composite synthetic fiber.

[0067] In multilayer warp-knitted fabrics, when using fibers other than the composite synthetic fiber for purposes such as creating patterns or adjusting texture, it is preferable to place them in positions other than the front reed. As mentioned above, due to the structure of multilayer warp-knitted fabrics, the fibers placed in the front reed constitute the outermost layer of the multilayer warp-knitted fabric. Therefore, by placing the composite synthetic fiber in the front reed, where the occurrence of crimp during heat treatment is less likely to be inhibited, heat retention is improved, and it is preferable to use other fibers combined for purposes other than the front reed.

[0068] By adopting the aforementioned woven / knitted structure, heat retention equivalent to that of conventional brushed materials can be obtained, and even if the fabric is relatively thin without brushing, a woven / knitted fabric can be obtained that can be comfortably used for sports and outdoor activities in the autumn and winter seasons, or for clothing that comes into direct contact with the skin.

[0069] In the multilayer woven or knitted fabrics used in the present invention, in both the case of multilayer circular knitted fabrics and multilayer warp knitted fabrics, it is preferable that the outer layer (outer layer 1) containing the composite synthetic fibers contains 50% or more of the composite synthetic fibers, and more preferably 70% or more. As an upper limit, 100% is preferable in terms of having the best heat retention properties. This is because the outer layer 1 has a structure that promotes the crimping of the composite synthetic fibers, and therefore, the more of the composite synthetic fibers it contains, the greater the effect of improving heat retention, which is preferable. Here, containing 50% or more of the composite synthetic fibers means that the area ratio of the composite synthetic fibers to the fibers forming the outermost layer is 50% or more. The measurement method will be described in detail in the examples.

[0070] The composite synthetic fibers used in this invention are preferably false-twisted. False-twisting suppresses the alignment of the crimp phases between individual yarns, thereby enabling a finer crimp structure and, as a result, improving heat retention. Any false-twisting method is acceptable, including commonly used pin type, friction disc type, nip belt type, and air twisting type. Furthermore, single-stage heater false-twisting and double-stage heater false-twisting can be selected as appropriate. For example, single-stage heater false-twisting can be used when prioritizing stretchability in woven or knitted fabrics, while double-stage heater false-twisting can be used to suppress dimensional changes and abnormal shrinkage during the processing.

[0071] It is also possible to use the composite synthetic fiber used in this invention by combining or blending two or more fibers with other fibers (which may be the same composite synthetic fiber). When using blended fibers, it is possible to appropriately select and use interlaced blends, Taslan blends, false twisting, and blends of two or more types of fibers depending on the purpose.

[0072] Next, preferred manufacturing methods for the side-by-side or eccentric core-sheath type composite synthetic fibers used in the present invention will be described. The composite synthetic fibers used in the present invention can be manufactured using any process, including a two-step method in which the extruded polymer is wound up as an undrawn yarn and then drawn, as well as a direct spin-and-draw method or a high-speed yarn reeling method in which the spinning and drawing processes are performed in succession. Furthermore, since there is no particular range for the spinning speed in the high-speed yarn reeling method, a process in which the yarn is wound up as a semi-drawn yarn and then drawn is also acceptable. In addition, yarn processing such as false twisting can be performed as needed.

[0073] When producing the composite synthetic fiber of the present invention using a two-step process, any conventional stretching method can be used, in addition to hot-roll-hot-roll stretching or stretching using heated pins. Furthermore, stretching may be performed while adding entanglement or false twist depending on the application. To suppress composite abnormalities such as fluffing and delamination of both components, it is preferable to stretch the yarn so that the residual elongation is 25-50%. By performing heat setting in a stretched state and then cooling below the glass transition temperature while maintaining tension to fix the molecular chain structure, shrinkage stress can be increased, which is effective in improving the texture of woven or knitted fabrics.

[0074] Specifically, it is preferable to pass the yarn through a cooling roll while it is in a stretched state of approximately 0.3-3.0% because this yields high shrinkage stress. However, since the yarn is spun and wound while stress strain is applied to the shrinking polymer side (for example, component A of the present invention) in order to induce crimping, delayed shrinkage may occur due to viscoelastic behavior before the woven or knitted fabric is formed after winding, which may result in streaks in the woven or knitted fabric.

[0075] On the other hand, in the eccentric core-sheath type composite synthetic fiber preferably used in the present invention, delayed shrinkage can be suppressed by completely covering one component with the other component, which also contributes to obtaining a uniform woven or knitted fabric. Furthermore, high molecular weight polymers and high elasticity polymers, which could not be used before, can be used as high-shrinkage components.

[0076] It is preferable to set the spinning temperature to a temperature 20 to 50°C higher than the polymer melting point. Setting the temperature at least 20°C higher than the polymer melting point prevents the polymer from solidifying and clogging the spinning machine piping, and setting the higher temperature to 50°C or less suppresses excessive thermal degradation of the polymer, which is therefore preferable.

[0077] The composite synthetic fibers used in the present invention are preferably obtained by melt spinning, but the spinneret can be of any commonly used internal structure as long as it enables spinning with stable quality and operation. In particular, a distribution plate type spinneret as exemplified in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2011-174215, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2011-208313, and Japanese Patent Publication No. 2012-136804 can be suitably used to obtain the desired cross-sectional shape.

[0078] As mentioned above, the composite synthetic fiber used in this invention is preferably fine, with a single filament fineness of 1.0 dtex or less. In its manufacture, it is also possible to produce it as a sea-island composite fiber, where the easily eluted component is the sea and the composite synthetic fiber is the island, and then elute and remove the sea component. However, for reasons described later, it is preferable to manufacture it by direct spinning. That is, by covering the bimetallic structure composite fiber with sea-island eluting components, it is possible to obtain fine fibers with a single filament fineness while improving spinnability. However, this requires an elution processing step, making the manufacturing process complicated and tending to increase the manufacturing cost of woven or knitted fabrics. Furthermore, woven or knitted fabrics made from bimetallic composite fibers obtained by sea-island elution tend to be set before crimping occurs because heat is applied before elution, resulting in a smaller crimping effect. It should be noted that a smaller crimping effect can result in a decrease in the heat retention of the woven or knitted fabric. However, using a fiber containing sea-island elution components as the other component of the composite synthetic fiber of the present invention as a blended yarn does not result in the aforementioned decrease in heat retention, and therefore poses no problem.

[0079] The dyeing and finishing method for multilayer woven or knitted fabrics used in the present invention is not particularly limited. Examples include scouring, relaxing, heat setting, dyeing, weight reduction, and functional processing. Functional processing can include water repellency, antistatic properties, flame retardancy, moisture absorption, antibacterial properties, softening, and other known functional processing, as needed. However, napping is undesirable because, when the woven or knitted fabric after napping is made into a textile product, it tends to promote fiber shedding due to single-fiber breakage, resulting in a large amount of fiber debris shedding from the napping area during washing.

[0080] In the multilayer woven or knitted fabric used in the present invention, it is preferable that the number of fibers protruding from the folded edge surface when the outer layer (outer layer 1) having the composite synthetic fibers is folded along the weft axis with the mountain side facing outwards is 15 fibers / 1 cm or less. This can be achieved in the outer layer 1 of the multilayer woven or knitted fabric used in the present invention when the outer layer 1 of the woven or knitted fabric is not intentionally napped by napping or the like, and it can effectively suppress the shedding of fibers during washing due to single yarn breakage, etc. It is preferable that the number of fibers be 10 fibers / 1 cm or less, as this further suppresses the shedding of fiber debris during washing. It is preferable that the lower limit be 0 fibers / 1 cm.

[0081] In the above, "folding the outer layer (outer layer 1) with the composite synthetic fibers on the mountain side, with the weft direction as the axis" means, in the case of woven fabric, folding the outer layer (outer layer 1) with the composite synthetic fibers on the mountain side, so that a mountain ridge is formed parallel to the weft direction.

[0082] In knitted fabrics, this means folding the outer layer (outer layer 1), which has composite synthetic fibers, with the mountain side facing the wale direction, so that a mountain fold is formed parallel to the wale direction.

[0083] The multilayer woven or knitted fabric used in this invention preferably has a heat retention clo value of 0.75 or higher. This performance is due to the high heat retention properties of the composite synthetic fibers used in this invention. A heat retention clo value of 0.75 or higher allows for the creation of a multilayer woven or knitted fabric that, despite being a non-brushed material, has heat retention properties equivalent to or better than conventional brushed materials. To improve the heat retention clo value, a weave structure that further reduces the intersection points of the composite synthetic fibers in the multilayer woven or knitted fabric can be appropriately selected. There is no particular upper limit, but industrially it is around 1.20.

[0084] The multilayer woven or knitted fabric used in this invention preferably has a diffusible residual moisture content of 20% or less, and more preferably 10% or less, 60 minutes after the addition of 0.3 mL of water. By keeping the diffusible residual moisture content at 20% or less after 60 minutes, the fabric can be worn extremely comfortably for sports and outdoor activities, as well as for clothing that comes into direct contact with the skin. The lower limit is preferably 0%, but industrially it is around 0.05%.

[0085] Conventional napped materials suffer from impaired water absorption and diffusion due to processing oils adhering to the napped surface during the napping process, resulting in less water absorption and quick-drying properties compared to non-napped materials. In the multilayer woven or knitted fabric used in the present invention, when the outer layer (outer layer 1) containing the composite synthetic fibers is used as the back layer in a textile product, the skin-facing side contains the composite synthetic fibers, which have fine inter-fiber voids. As a result, water absorption and diffusion are excellent due to the capillary effect, and the water diffusion area is significantly improved. Therefore, a unique multilayer woven or knitted fabric is obtained that has high quick-drying properties while maintaining heat retention equivalent to conventional napped materials.

[0086] In the multilayer woven or knitted fabric of the present invention, the evaluation of fiber debris generated during washing can be performed by the following method.

[0087] The multi-layered woven fabric is cut into a 32.0cm x 32.0cm square, and a 2.0cm wide seam sealing tape E302 (manufactured by Toray Cortex Co., Ltd.) is temporarily attached to the edge of the fabric, within 1.0cm from the edge. After temporarily attaching all four sides, seam sealing tape is similarly attached from the opposite side, so that the fabric edge is sandwiched between two pieces of seam sealing tape. The adhesive area between the seam sealing tape and the fabric edge is sewn with a lockstitch sewing machine (using polyester filament thread, 13 stitches / 3cm) to prevent peeling. Furthermore, a fully automatic air-driven transfer press HP-4536A-12 (manufactured by Hashima Co., Ltd.) is used to press at 0.6MPa and 130℃ for 5 seconds to perform permanent bonding, with an effective evaluation area of ​​900cm². 2Prepare a test specimen. In this invention, the effective evaluation area of ​​the fabric refers to the area of ​​one side of the fabric excluding the portion treated to prevent fiber shedding. Prepare a total of two test specimens using the same procedure. By performing this treatment, it is possible to prevent the cut edges of the woven or knitted fabric from being exposed during washing, suppress fraying and shedding of fibers at the cut edges, and accurately evaluate the fiber debris that detaches from the outer layer of the woven or knitted fabric.

[0088] The two obtained test pieces will be subjected to a washing test, and fibrous debris will be collected using a collection device, such as a collection bag (filter), attached to the washing machine's drain hose, and its weight will be evaluated. The specific method is as follows.

[0089] Before evaluation, the washing machine will be cleaned by running a wash cycle according to ISO 6330 (2012) without any laundry or detergent inside. The washing machine will be cleaned by performing two rinse and two spin cycles each without any laundry or detergent inside. The conditions will be set to be the same as the washing conditions to be evaluated.

[0090] The washing machine used shall conform to ISO 6330 (2012). In this invention, a Type C standard washing machine shall be used. If the washing machine has a built-in filter, it shall be removed as it may affect the amount of collected particles.

[0091] The washing process in this invention is carried out using the 4N method of a Type C standard washing machine as defined in ISO 6330 (2012).

[0092] Fiber debris discharged from the washing machine drain is collected by attaching a collector to the washing machine's drain hose. In this evaluation, a "nylon screen" NY10-HC (purchased from Flon Industries Co., Ltd., catalog value: mesh opening 10 μm) is used. If the "nylon screen" NY10-HC (manufactured by Flon Industries Co., Ltd., catalog value: mesh opening 10 μm) is difficult to obtain, an equivalent product with a mesh opening within the range of 10 μm ± 2 μm shall be used.

[0093] In the method for evaluating the amount of lint generated during the washing of textile products, two test pieces to be evaluated are placed in a washing machine with the collection device attached, and washed under the washing machine and washing conditions described above. However, detergent and load cloth are not used. After washing, the weight of the lint attached to the collection device is measured.

[0094] The fiber waste collected by the collector is filtered by suction using a filter whose weight has been measured after being completely dried beforehand. In this evaluation, a polycarbonate membrane (K040A047A, manufactured by Advantec Toyo Co., Ltd.) is used. The filtered filter and fiber waste are dried at 105°C for 1 hour, and their weight is measured. The difference between the weight before filtration and the weight before filtration is defined as the amount of fiber waste. The conditions for complete drying and weight measurement are as follows: heating at 105°C for 1 hour, then temperature and humidity control to 20°C and 65% RH before weight measurement.

[0095] The multilayer woven or knitted fabric of the present invention can achieve a fiber waste amount of 12.0 mg / 2 test pieces or less after this test, and in a preferred embodiment, it can achieve 10.0 mg / 2 test pieces or less. A lower limit close to 0 mg / 2 test pieces is preferable, but in reality, around 0.1 mg / 2 test pieces is the usual measurement limit. [Examples]

[0096] The multilayer woven or knitted fabric of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the following examples.

[0097] (1) Area ratio of the outermost layer of composite synthetic fibers The outer layer of the multilayer woven or knitted fabric is observed using a microscope at a magnification of 50x, and the entire multilayer woven or knitted fabric is captured in the field of view. The area ratio of the composite synthetic fiber to the total area is measured using WinROOF manufactured by Mitani Corporation. Ten locations are observed randomly, and the average value of these 10 locations is calculated. Then, the same process is repeated for the other outer layer, with 10 locations observed and the average value calculated.

[0098] (2) Warp area ratio and weft area ratio of the composite synthetic fibers in the outermost layer of the multilayer fabric The outer layer of the multilayer fabric containing the composite synthetic fibers is observed using a microscope at a magnification of 50x, and the multilayer woven fabric is photographed with the entire field of view included. The ratio of warp area to total area and the ratio of weft area to total area are measured using WinROOF manufactured by Mitani Corporation. Next, the usage ratio of the composite synthetic fibers in the warp and the usage ratio in the weft are measured. Ten locations are observed randomly, the average value of the ten locations is calculated, and the warp area ratio and weft area ratio of the composite synthetic fibers are determined according to the following formula. The ratio of the warp area of ​​the composite synthetic fiber (%) = (ratio of warp area to total area) × (ratio of composite synthetic fiber used in the warp) The ratio of the weft area of ​​the composite synthetic fiber (%) = (ratio of weft area to total area) × (ratio of composite synthetic fiber used in the weft)

[0099] (3) Ratio of warp intersections in multilayer fabrics The multilayer fabric is cut to a size that is easy to observe, and the target surface (here, for convenience, regardless of whether (a) to (c) above are satisfied or not, the outer layer containing composite synthetic fibers is referred to as outer layer 1, and the outer layer on the opposite side is referred to as outer layer 2. If the front and back are the same in terms of the weave structure, one side is designated as outer layer 1 and the other as outer layer 2. The same applies hereinafter.) is observed using a microscope at a magnification of 100x. The points where the weft threads intersect the warp threads are counted on the observed surface. Note that intersection points that are cut off at the edge of the observation area are not counted. The observation area is randomly changed, and the number of intersection points is counted for outer layer 2 and outer layer 1 at the same magnification, and the average value is calculated, and the ratio of warp intersection points is calculated according to the formula below. The measurement results are shown in the table as the ratio of intersection points of outer layer 1 / outer layer 2. Ratio of warp intersection points = (Average of 10 intersection points of warp threads with weft threads in outer layer 1) / (Average of 10 intersection points of warp threads with weft threads in outer layer 2)

[0100] (4) Ratio of weft intersections in multilayered fabrics Using the same measurement method as in (3) above, the average value of 10 intersection points of the weft threads with the warp threads in outer layer 2 and outer layer 1 was determined, and the ratio of weft intersection points was calculated according to the following formula. The measurement results are shown in the table as the ratio of intersection points of outer layer 1 / outer layer 2. Ratio of weft intersection points = (Average of 10 intersection points of weft threads with warp threads in outer layer 1) / (Average of 10 intersection points of weft threads with warp threads in outer layer 2)

[0101] (5) Fiber loop length in multilayer circular knitted fabric For multi-layer circular knitted fabric, mark the outer layer 2 to indicate the fabric width of 100 wales, and similarly mark the outer layer 1 with the same width as outer layer 2. Next, the fibers constituting outer layer 2 of the multi-layer circular knitted fabric are separated using a disassembly needle or similar tool, and a tension of 0.1 g / dtex is applied to the separated fibers to measure the loop length between the marked 100 wales. Repeat the same measurement 10 times, and the average value represents the loop length of the fibers constituting outer layer 2. For the fibers constituting outer layer 1, measure the loop length between 100 wales as described above, and represent it with the average value of 10 measurements.

[0102] (6) Sinker loop length per rack of front reed in multilayer warp knitted fabric For multi-layer warp knitted fabrics, the sinker loop length per course of fibers knitted by the front reed is measured by observing the sinker loop surface at any position using a microscope at a magnification of 50 to 100 times. The same measurement is repeated randomly 20 times, and the average value of the 20 locations is calculated. This average value is multiplied by 480 to obtain the sinker loop length per rack (480 courses).

[0103] (7) Fineness Using a measuring machine with a frame circumference of 1.0 m, prepare 100 skeins and measure the fineness according to the following formula. Fineness (dtex) = Weight of 100 skeins (g) × 100

[0104] (8) Number of fibers in outer layer 1 Cut the sample to a size of 5cm warp x 3cm weft, and draw a boundary line on outer layer 1 so that a 1cm central area is visible within a 3cm width in the weft direction. On outer layer 1, fold the cut sample in a mountain fold along the weft axis, place it on the microscope stage, gently place a glass slide (preferably 26cm x 76cm) on the mountain fold, and focus at 100x magnification on the point where the curvature of the multilayer woven or knitted fabric is highest. Next, slightly lower the focus from the point of highest curvature, perform 3D depth stacking, and adjust the observation position so that all the fluff near the folded surface can be seen. Count the number of fluffs protruding from the folded surface in the area within the 1cm weft width where the boundary line was drawn. Prepare 10 of the above samples and express the result as the average value of the fluff count of the 10 samples using the same measurement method.

[0105] (9) Thickness Using a scanning electron microscope, the longitudinal cross-section of the sample is observed at a magnification of 30 to 50x, where the thickness can be clearly observed, and the thickness is measured using a WinROOF microscope manufactured by Mitani Corporation. Ten locations are observed randomly, and the average value of these 10 locations is calculated. Next, ten locations are observed in the latitudinal cross-section of the sample in the same manner, and the average value is calculated. The result is expressed as the average thickness of the longitudinal and latitudinal cross-sections.

[0106] (10) Thermal insulation clo value Under conditions of 20°C and 65% RH, a KES-7 thermal insulation tester manufactured by Kato Tech Co., Ltd. is used to mount a 15cm x 15cm sample (actual measurement area: 10cm x 10cm) so that outer layer 1 (outer layer containing composite synthetic fibers) is in contact with the heating plate (BT-Box). The machine is warmed up until the power meter attached to the tester reaches a stable state with minimal fluctuation at a heating plate temperature of 40°C. Measurement is then started, and the power consumption (W) and the ambient temperature of the tester (i.e., T-Box temperature) are read for 60 seconds. The thermal insulation clo value is calculated according to the following formula, and measurements are taken once for each of the three test pieces, with the average value of the three measurements being expressed. Clo value = (1 / 0.155) × (ΔT × A) / W Here, ΔT: difference between the hot plate temperature and the ambient temperature (°C), W: power consumption during the 60-second test (W), A: area of ​​the hot plate (0.01 m²). 2 )

[0107] (11) Diffusible residual moisture content Under conditions of 20°C and 65% RH, 0.3 mL of distilled water is placed in the center of a 10 cm x 10 cm non-absorbent flat film (cut from a KOKUYO clear holder) using a syringe. A 10 cm x 10 cm sample, which has been humidified in the same conditions for 12 hours or more and whose weight has been measured beforehand, is gently placed on top of the film with the outer layer 1 side facing down and left to stand for 1 minute to allow it to absorb water, and its mass is measured. After that, the sample is hung to dry, and its mass is measured every 5 minutes to determine the residual moisture content after 60 minutes.

[0108] (12) Weight measurement of fiber waste An aqueous solution containing fiber debris was filtered by suction using a polycarbonate membrane (K040A047A, pore size 0.4 μm, manufactured by Advantec Toyo Co., Ltd.) whose weight had been measured in advance. After drying the filtered polycarbonate membrane and fiber debris at 105°C for 1 hour, their weights were measured, and the difference between the weight before filtration and the weight before drying was defined as the amount of fiber debris.

[0109] (13) Amount of fiber waste in the test specimen Using a Type C standard washing machine as described in ISO 6330 (2012), a 7kg AQW-V700E (manufactured by Aqua Co., Ltd.) was used according to the ISO 6330 (2012) C4N method, and two rinses and drains were performed without any laundry inside. Specifically, the course was set to the thorough course, the water volume to 40L, the wash time to 15 minutes, the rinse cycle to 2, and the spin-drying to 7 minutes, with the wash water temperature set to 40°C and the rinse water temperature to room temperature. The filter built into the washing machine was removed. Next, a nylon screen NY10-HC (manufactured by Flon Industries Co., Ltd., catalog value: mesh size 10μm) with a mesh size of 11.3μm (measured value) was attached to the washing machine's drain hose. Then, two test pieces with anti-fiber shedding treatment applied to the edges of the fabric were placed in the washing machine and washed under the washing conditions of the ISO 6330 C4N method. However, no detergent or load cloth was used. After washing, the fibrous debris adhering to the "nylon screen" was filtered by suction using a polycarbonate membrane (K040A047A, manufactured by Advantec Toyo Co., Ltd.) whose weight had been measured in advance. The filtered polycarbonate membrane and fibrous debris were dried at 105°C for 1 hour, and their weight was measured. The difference between the weight before and after filtration was defined as the amount of fibrous debris generated.

[0110] (14) Effective evaluation area The length of each side was calculated in centimeters, rounded to the first decimal place by two decimal places. The width of the fiber shedding prevention treatment was calculated similarly, with values ​​less than 0.05 cm treated as 0 cm. Excluding the area treated to prevent fiber shedding, the effective surface area of ​​the fabric was rounded to an integer value.

[0111] (15) Evaluation of wearing comfort in relation to warmth A U-neck T-shirt was created using the obtained multi-layered woven fabric. Three subjects wore the T-shirt and remained seated for 10 minutes in a temperature and humidity environment of 20°C and 65%RH. The relationship between the thickness of the T-shirt and the warmth of the area where it was worn was evaluated by sensory evaluation on a 3-point scale from 1 to 3, and the average value for the three subjects was calculated. 3: It's warmer than expected for the thickness of a T-shirt. 2: It's as warm as expected for the thickness of a T-shirt. 1: It's colder than expected considering the thickness of the T-shirt.

[0112] (16) Sensory evaluation of texture when wet The obtained multilayer woven or knitted fabric is cut into 10cm x 10cm pieces. With the outer layer 1 (outer layer containing composite synthetic fibers) of the sample facing upwards, 1.0 mL of distilled water is dropped into the center of the sample using a syringe. Under a temperature and humidity environment of 20°C x 65% RH, the texture is evaluated by lightly sliding the index finger over the dropped surface with a finger after 1 minute and 60 minutes, using a sensory evaluation scale of A, B, C, D, and E. A: It is not wet and feels dry, just as it did before the test. B: It's almost completely dry, with a generally dry feel. C: It's slightly wet, and I can feel a slight dampness on my finger. D: It's wet, and I can feel the moisture on my finger. E: It's quite wet, and water stains are left on my fingers.

[0113] [Example 1] (Method and evaluation of yarn production for eccentric core-sheath type composite synthetic fibers) Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) was used as component A, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as component B. Both the polymer of component A and the polymer of component B were melted using an extruder at 270°C and 280°C, respectively. After weighing with a pump, the spinning temperature was set to 290°C, which is 30°C higher than the melting point of component B, and the mixture was fed into the spinneret while maintaining the temperature. The weight composite ratio of component A to component B was 50 / 50, and the mixture was fed into a spinneret for eccentric core-sheath type composite synthetic fibers with 72 discharge holes. The polymers merged inside the spinneret, forming an eccentric core-sheath type composite morphology in which the polymer of component A was embedded within the polymer of component B, and this was extruded from the spinneret. In the spinning of Example 1, a distribution plate type spinneret was used to obtain the eccentric core-sheath type composite fiber shown in Figure 2.

[0114] The yarn extruded from the die was cooled by an air cooling device, lubricated, and then wound up at a speed of 1500 m / min using a winder so that the spinning draft was 220, resulting in a stable winding of 150 dtex-72 filament undrawn yarn. At this time, the cooling start point was set to 97 mm from the die extrusion surface, and the lubrication position was set to 1130 mm from the die extrusion surface, resulting in a spinning stress of 0.10 cN / dtex, which suppressed longitudinal yarn unevenness and ensured stable yarn production. Subsequently, the obtained undrawn yarn was fed to a drawing device at a speed of 300 m / min, drawn at a drawing temperature of 90°C and a drawing ratio of 2.63 to achieve an elongation of approximately 20-40%, and then heat-set at 130°C to obtain an eccentric core-sheath type composite drawn yarn (PBT / PET) of 56 dtex-72 filament.

[0115] (Manufacturing methods and evaluation of woven and knitted fabrics) The obtained drawn yarn was subjected to a false-twist process under normal conditions without drawing to obtain an eccentric core-sheath type composite false-twist yarn (DTY) of 56 dtex-72 filaments. A normal PET false-twist yarn (DTY) of 155 dtex-48 filaments was used as the warp and weft for the outer layer 2, and the eccentric core-sheath type composite false-twist yarn (DTY) obtained above was used as the weft for the outer layer 1. The outer layer 2 was woven in a 2 / 2 twill structure and the outer layer 1 in a 1 / 7 twill structure using a rapier loom, and then a multilayer fabric was created using a normal dyeing and water absorption process. In the obtained multilayer fabric, the proportion of the composite synthetic fiber used as the weft in the outer layer 1 is high.

[0116] The resulting multilayer fabric had a ratio of 0.48 for the number of intersection points between outer layer 1 and outer layer 2, indicating a structure where the number of intersection points of outer layer 1 was less than the number of intersection points of the weft threads with the warp threads in outer layer 2. Furthermore, the number of fluff particles in outer layer 1 was 2. In addition, the heat retention clo value was 0.77, and the diffusible residual moisture content after 60 minutes was 5%, demonstrating excellent heat retention while also exhibiting good quick-drying properties. The amount of fiber waste collected from the multilayer fabric obtained using the above method was 9.0 mg (2 test pieces). The average comfort rating for warmth was 2.7 points. The sensory evaluation of the texture when wet was B / A after 1 minute / 60 minutes, indicating that the multilayer fabric was less likely to feel wet immediately after wetting on the skin side. The resulting multilayer fabric had a structure in which the crimping of the composite synthetic fibers was promoted during heat treatment on the skin-facing side. Therefore, it is thought that the water-absorbing composite synthetic fibers quickly transferred moisture to the outer layer 2 through the capillary effect, and that their fine, bulky crimping acted as a spacer between the outer layer 2 and the skin-facing side, thus exhibiting the desired effect.

[0117] [Example 2] As the face yarn, a standard PET false-twist yarn (DTY) of 84 dtex-72 filaments was used, with 33 dtex polyurethane elastic yarn (PU) bare-inserted simultaneously. As the back yarn, the eccentric core-sheath type composite false-twist yarn (DTY) of 56 dtex-72 filaments obtained in Example 1 was used. The fabric was knitted on a 28G single circular knitting machine using an inlay structure (the back yarn was a floating structure with 3-needle skips). Subsequently, a multi-layer circular knit fabric was created using a standard dyeing and water absorption process.

[0118] The resulting multilayer circular knitted fabric had an area ratio of 85% for the composite synthetic fibers in outer layer 1, and the loop length of the fibers constituting outer layer 1 was 36.6% of the loop length of the fibers constituting outer layer 2. Furthermore, the number of fuzz particles in outer layer 1 was 3. In addition, the heat retention clo value was 0.77, and the diffusible residual moisture rate after 60 minutes was 3%, indicating excellent heat retention while also having good quick-drying properties. The amount of fiber waste collected from the multilayer circular knitted fabric obtained using the above method was 10.0 mg (2 test pieces). The wear comfort evaluation regarding warmth averaged 3.0 points, and the sensory evaluation regarding texture when wet was B / A after 1 minute / 60 minutes. Similar to Example 1, a multilayer circular knitted fabric was obtained that was warm when used as clothing and did not feel wet when wet.

[0119] [Example 3] Using the eccentric core-sheath type composite false-twist yarn (DTY) of 56dtex-72 filaments obtained in Example 1 for the front reed, and the normal PET false-twist yarn (DTY) of 56dtex-72 filaments for the back reed, a multi-layer warp knit fabric was knitted on a 28G single raschel knitting machine. The front structure was 10 / 34 / / and the back structure was 12 / 10 / / , and both were threaded with a full set. Subsequently, the multi-layer warp knit fabric was created using a normal dyeing and water absorption process. In the above multi-layer warp knit fabric, the outer layer 1 was made into a sinker loop surface.

[0120] The obtained multilayer warp-knitted fabric had a sinker loop length of 138 cm per rack of composite synthetic fibers on the front reed. The number of fibers in the outer layer 1 was 3. Furthermore, the heat retention clo value was 0.75, and the diffusible residual moisture content after 60 minutes was 3%, indicating excellent heat retention while also being quick-drying. In addition, the amount of fiber waste collected from the multilayer warp-knitted fabric obtained using the above method was 7.2 mg (2 test pieces). The wear comfort evaluation regarding warmth averaged 3.0 points, and the sensory evaluation regarding texture when wet was B / A after 1 minute / 60 minutes. Similar to Example 1, a multilayer warp-knitted fabric that was warm when used as clothing and did not feel wet when wet was obtained.

[0121] [Example 4] A conventional PET false-twist yarn (DTY) of 155 dtex-48 filaments was used as the weft and warp yarn for the outer layer 2, and the eccentric core-sheath type composite false-twist yarn (DTY) of 56 dtex-72 filaments obtained in Example 1 was used as the warp yarn for the outer layer 1. The outer layer 2 was woven in a 2 / 2 twill structure and the outer layer 1 in a 7 / 1 twill structure using a rapier loom, and then a multilayer fabric was created using a conventional dyeing and water absorption process. In the resulting multilayer fabric, the proportion of the aforementioned composite synthetic fiber used as the warp yarn in the outer layer 1 was high.

[0122] The resulting multilayer fabric had a ratio of 0.48 intersection points between outer layer 1 and outer layer 2, indicating a structure where the number of intersection points between warp and weft threads in outer layer 1 was less than that in outer layer 2. Furthermore, the number of fuzz particles in outer layer 1 was 2. In addition, the heat retention clo value was 0.76, and the diffusible residual moisture content after 60 minutes was 3%, demonstrating excellent heat retention while also exhibiting good quick-drying properties. The amount of fiber waste collected from the textile product obtained using the above method was 8.2 mg (2 test pieces). The average comfort rating for warmth was 2.7 points. The sensory evaluation regarding texture when wet was B / A after 1 minute / 60 minutes, indicating that, similar to Example 1, a multilayer fabric was obtained that was warm when used as clothing and did not feel wet when wet.

[0123] [Comparative Example 1] As the face yarn, a cotton count 40 acrylic / rayon spun yarn (Ac / R) was used, with 22 dtex polyurethane elastic yarn (PU) inserted as a bare insert. As the back yarn, a 56 dtex-72 filament cationic dyeable PET false twist processed yarn (DTY) was used, and the fabric was knitted on a 28G single circular knitting machine in an inlay structure (the back yarn was a floating structure with two stitches skipped). Subsequently, conventional dyeing, water absorption processing, and napping processing were performed on the reverse side to create a multi-layered circular knit fabric.

[0124] The obtained multilayer circular knit fabric had a loop length of 55.8% of the loop length of the fibers constituting outer layer 1 compared to outer layer 2. Outer layer 1 had 23 fluffs, indicating a structure that promoted the shedding of single yarns. The heat retention clo value was 0.77, and the diffusible residual moisture rate after 60 minutes was 30%. While it exhibited excellent heat retention, its quick-drying properties were poor, making it unsuitable for sports and outdoor use, or for clothing that comes into direct contact with the skin. Furthermore, the amount of fiber waste collected from the multilayer circular knit fabric obtained using the above method was 16.4 mg (2 test pieces). The average comfort rating for warmth was 2.3 points, and the sensory evaluation for texture when wet was E / D after 1 minute / 60 minutes. The obtained multilayer circular knit fabric was warm due to its high bulkiness and the formation of an insulating layer through the napping process. However, the adhesion of processing oils to the napping area during this process significantly reduced water absorption, resulting in insufficient texture when wet due to moisture remaining on the skin surface. Therefore, for sports and outdoor clothing applications in the autumn and winter seasons where heat retention is required, or for clothing that comes into direct contact with the skin, sweat can cause chills during perspiration, making the garment not entirely comfortable to wear.

[0125] [Comparative Example 2] Using 84dtex-72 filament standard PET false-twist yarn (DTY) as the face yarn and back yarn, and 33dtex-12 filament standard PET false-twist yarn (DTY) as the bonding yarn, the fabric was knitted on a 28G single circular knitting machine, with outer layer 2 in a jersey knit structure and outer layer 1 in an inlay structure (back yarn skipped). Subsequently, standard dyeing, water absorption processing, and napping processing were performed on the reverse side to create a multi-layer circular knit fabric.

[0126] The obtained multilayer circular knit fabric had a loop length of 143.5% of the loop length of the fibers constituting outer layer 1 compared to outer layer 2. Outer layer 1 had 26 fluffs, indicating a structure that promoted the shedding of single yarns. The heat retention clo value was 0.91, and the diffusible residual moisture rate after 60 minutes was 43%. While it exhibited excellent heat retention, its quick-drying properties were poor, making it unsuitable for sports and outdoor use, or for clothing that comes into direct contact with the skin. Furthermore, the amount of fiber waste collected from the multilayer circular knit fabric obtained using the above method was 26.2 mg (2 test pieces). The average comfort rating for warmth was 2.0 points, and the sensory evaluation for texture when wet was E / E after 1 minute / 60 minutes. Similar to Comparative Example 1, the obtained multilayer circular knit fabric showed a significant decrease in water absorption and an insufficient texture when wet after napping. Therefore, while it excels in warmth for sports and outdoor clothing applications in the autumn and winter seasons where heat retention is required, and for clothing that comes into direct contact with the skin, it does not provide sufficient comfort when worn due to the risk of chilling from sweat.

[0127] [Comparative Example 3] Using the eccentric core-sheath type composite false-twist yarn (DTY) of 56dtex-72 filaments obtained in Example 1, a jersey knit fabric was knitted on a 28G single circular knitting machine. Subsequently, a single-layer circular knit fabric was created using a standard dyeing and water absorption treatment.

[0128] The number of fluff particles in the outer layer 1 of the obtained single-layer circular knit fabric was 1. The heat retention clo value was 0.71, and the diffusible residual moisture content after 60 minutes was 3%, indicating excellent quick-drying properties. However, the structure had many interlocking points between yarns, which inhibited the crimping of the composite synthetic fibers, resulting in no improvement in heat retention. Furthermore, the amount of fiber waste collected from the single-layer circular knit fabric obtained in the above manner was 8.4 (mg / 2 test pieces). The wear comfort evaluation regarding warmth was an average of 1.7 points, and the sensory evaluation regarding texture when wet was D / A after 1 minute / 60 minutes. The obtained single-layer circular knit fabric had many interlocking points of the composite synthetic fibers placed on the skin side, resulting in insufficient crimping and a lack of warmth. In addition, due to the insufficient crimping, a sufficient air layer could not be secured between the outer layer 2 and the skin side, resulting in a structure that felt wet immediately after wetting, similar to general materials.

[0129] [Comparative Example 4] In Example 1, the eccentric core-sheath type composite false-twist yarn (DTY) of 56dtex-72 filaments was used as both warp and weft threads. After weaving it as a plain weave on a rapier loom, a single-layer fabric was produced using conventional dyeing and water-absorbing processes.

[0130] The number of fluff particles in the outer layer 1 of the obtained single-layer fabric was 1. The heat retention clo value was 0.71, and the diffusible residual moisture content after 60 minutes was 1%, indicating excellent quick-drying properties. However, the structure had many interlocking points between threads, which inhibited the crimping of the composite synthetic fiber, resulting in no improvement in heat retention. In addition, the amount of fiber waste collected in the single-layer fabric obtained in the above manner was 7.0 (mg / 2 test pieces). The wear comfort evaluation regarding warmth was an average of 2.0 points, and the sensory evaluation regarding texture when wet was E / A after 1 minute / 60 minutes. The obtained single-layer fabric, like Comparative Example 3, lacked warmth due to insufficient crimping of the composite synthetic fiber. In addition, a sufficient air layer was not secured between the outer layer 2 and the skin surface, resulting in a structure that felt wet immediately after wetting, similar to general materials.

[0131] Based on the above, the multilayer woven or knitted fabric used in the present invention achieves both warmth and a reduction in chills caused by sweat, making it extremely comfortable to use, especially for sports and outdoor activities in the autumn and winter seasons, and for clothing that comes into direct contact with the skin.

[0132] [Table 1]

[0133] [Table 2] [Explanation of Symbols]

[0134] 1. Component A 2.B component a: Centroid of component A in the cross-section of the composite synthetic fiber C: Centroid of the cross-section of the composite synthetic fiber 3: Warp threads 4: Weft 5: Intersection 6: Warp threads 7: Weft 8: Intersection 9: Warp threads 10: Weft 11: Intersection 12: Warp threads 13: Weft 14: Intersection 15: Fiber A 16: Fiber B 17: Sinker Loop A 18: Sinker Loop B

Claims

1. A multilayer woven or knitted fabric having a false twist in at least one of its outer layers, comprising a false twisted yarn of an eccentric core-sheath type composite synthetic fiber composed of two polymers, component A and component B, wherein the single yarn fineness of the composite synthetic fiber is 0.8 dtex or less, and the multilayer woven or knitted fabric contains other fibers besides the composite synthetic fiber, and the other fibers are multifilament yarns, and satisfying any of the following conditions (a) to (c). (a) When the multilayer woven fabric is a woven fabric and the composite synthetic fibers are used in large quantities as warp threads in the outer layer, the number of intersections between the warp threads and weft threads of the outer layer containing the composite synthetic fibers (outer layer 1) is less than the number of intersections between the warp threads and weft threads of the outer layer on the opposite side (outer layer 2), and the ratio of warp intersections = (number of intersections between warp threads and weft threads of outer layer 1) / (number of intersections between warp threads and weft threads of outer layer 2) is 0.3 to 0.

7. (b) When the multilayer woven fabric is a woven fabric and the composite synthetic fibers are used in large quantities as weft in the outer layer, the number of intersections between the weft and warp threads of the outer layer containing the composite synthetic fibers (outer layer 1) is less than the number of intersections between the weft and warp threads of the outer layer on the opposite side (outer layer 2), and the ratio of weft intersections = (number of intersections between the weft and warp threads of outer layer 1) / (number of intersections between the weft and warp threads of outer layer 2) is 0.3 to 0.

7. (c) The multilayer woven or knitted fabric is a multilayer circular knitted fabric or a multilayer warp knitted fabric, and in the case of a multilayer circular knitted fabric, the loop length of the fibers constituting the outer layer containing the composite synthetic fibers is 50% or less of the loop length of the fibers constituting the outer layer on the opposite side of the outer layer, and in the case of a multilayer warp knitted fabric, the composite synthetic fibers are arranged in at least a part of the front reed, and the sinker loop length per rack in the front reed is 70 cm or more.

2. The multilayer woven or knitted fabric according to claim 1, wherein the eccentric core-sheath type composite synthetic fiber is an eccentric core-sheath type in which component A is a component that exhibits higher shrinkage and the other is component B, and component B completely covers the other component.

3. The multilayer woven or knitted fabric according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the outer layer of the multilayer woven or knitted fabric containing the composite synthetic fibers is such that when the fabric is folded along the weft axis and observed, the number of fibers protruding from the folded end surface is 15 or less per centimeter.

4. A multilayer woven or knitted fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the heat retention clo value is 0.75 or higher.

5. A multilayer woven or knitted fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the diffusible residual moisture content 60 minutes after the addition of 0.3 mL of water is 20% or less.

6. The effective evaluation area of ​​the multi-layered woven fabric described above is 900 cm². ２ A multilayer woven or knitted fabric according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, in a washing test conducted according to ISO 6330 (2012) C4N method for two test specimens, the amount of fiber debris collected from the washing machine drain using a membrane filter is 12.0 mg or less (for two test specimens).

Images