Laminates and coating structures

Abstract

To provide a laminate excellent in workability, heat-resistant protectivity or the like and a coated structure.SOLUTION: A laminate of the present invention has a laminated structure at least including a heat-absorbing layer and a decorative layer, the decorative layer extending in at least one direction beyond an edge of the heat-absorbing layer. A coated structure of the present invention has a substrate surrounded by a plurality of laminates of the present invention.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a novel laminate and a coating structure.

Background Art

[0002] In recent years, due to the diversification of the design of living spaces, many buildings have been constructed in which columns, beams, etc. constituting the structure are exposed and decorated. For example, Patent Document 1 describes a decorative column in which the outer peripheral surface of a core material serving as a column is decorated with a decorative board. On the other hand, in building structures, for the purpose of protecting the building from fire, it is required to make main structures such as columns and beams have a heat-resistant structure. However, in the above Patent Document 1, there are cases where the heat-resistant protection is inferior.

[0003] In contrast, various proposals have been made for coating structures having design properties and heat-resistant protection properties. As an example, for instance, Patent Document 2 describes a coating structure in which a refractory coating material is adhered to the surface of a core material serving as a column via an adhesive, and then a finish layer is formed.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] However, in the above Patent Document 2, since it is necessary to construct each layer in order, the process of obtaining the coating structure is complicated, and there is room for improvement.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0006] This invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide laminates and covering structures that are excellent in terms of design, ease of construction, heat resistance, and other properties.

[0007] As a result of diligent research to solve the above problems, the inventors of the present invention conceived of a laminate of a specific shape in which at least a heat-absorbing layer and a decorative layer are laminated, and a covering structure having said laminate, thereby completing the present invention.

[0008] In other words, the present invention has the following features. 1 A laminate having a cosmetic layer, The above laminate consists of at least a heat-absorbing layer and a decorative layer, Furthermore, it is made up of a laminated thermal foam layer and a thermal reflective layer. The above-mentioned heat-foaming layer is provided on the back side of the heat-absorbing layer, or between the heat-absorbing layer and the decorative layer. The above-mentioned heat reflective layer is provided on the back side of the heat-absorbing layer, between the heat-absorbing layer and the thermal foaming layer, or on the front side of the thermal foaming layer. The above cosmetic layer , and the above-mentioned heat-foamed layer The laminate is characterized in that it extends in at least one direction beyond the edge of the heat-absorbing layer. 2 The laminate according to claim 1, characterized in that the decorative layer is formed from a composition containing a resin component and decorative powders. 3 A covering structure in which the periphery of the base material is surrounded by multiple laminates, As the above laminate, 1. Or 2. A covering structure characterized by having the laminate described above. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to the present invention, a covering structure with excellent workability, heat resistance, and other properties can be obtained. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0010] [Figure 1] It is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the laminate of the present invention. [Figure 2] It is a perspective view of the laminate shown in FIG. 1. [Figure 3] It is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the coating structure of the present invention. [Figure 4] It is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the coating structure of the present invention. [Figure 5] It is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the coating structure of the present invention. [Figure 6] It is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the laminate of the present invention. [Figure 7] It is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the coating structure of the present invention. [Figure 8] It is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the coating structure of the present invention. [Figure 9] It is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the laminate of the present invention. [Figure 10] It is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the coating structure of the present invention. [Figure 11] It is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the laminate of the present invention. [Figure 12] It is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the laminate of the present invention. [Figure 13] It is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the coating structure of the present invention. [Figure 14] It is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the laminate of the present invention. [Figure 15] It is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the coating structure of the present invention. [Figure 16] It is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the laminate of the present invention.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0011] 1,101 to 132: Laminate 2,21: Heat Absorbing Layer 3: Decorative Layer 4,5: Adhesive Layer 6: Thermal Foam Layer 7: Heat Reflective Layer 8: Substrate <000012L, 2R, 21L, 21R: End of endothermic layer [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0012] The following describes embodiments for carrying out the present invention.

[0013] The laminate of the present invention is characterized by comprising at least a heat-absorbing layer and a decorative layer, wherein the decorative layer extends in at least one direction beyond the edge of the heat-absorbing layer. In the present invention, by surrounding the substrate with such a specific laminate, a covering structure can be efficiently obtained, resulting in excellent workability. Furthermore, the decorative layer constituting the laminate provides excellent design, and through its combined action with the heat-absorbing layer, it can exhibit excellent heat-resistant protection.

[0014] [Laminated structure] The laminate of the present invention comprises at least a heat-absorbing layer and a decorative layer. The laminate of the present invention can be configured to have one of each of these layers, or to have multiple layers of any one of them, and so on.

[0015] In the present invention, the heat-absorbing layer can be one that exhibits an endothermic effect when the temperature rises. Preferably, the heat-absorbing layer is a layer having bound water and / or free water, and such a heat-absorbing layer can absorb heat by dehydrating (evaporating, etc.) bound water and / or free water when the temperature rises. Here, bound water is water that is bound to the components constituting the heat-absorbing layer, and examples include hydration water, crystal water, and adsorbed water. On the other hand, free water is water other than bound water that is contained in the heat-absorbing layer without being bound to the components constituting the heat-absorbing layer.

[0016] Examples of materials that constitute the heat-absorbing layer include hardened products made from cement, gypsum, etc. (e.g., mortar, concrete, gypsum board, etc.), hardened products made from calcium silicate, etc. (e.g., calcium silicate board, etc.), or boards, sheets, hardened products containing superabsorbent polymers, hydrogels, etc. These can be used individually or in combination of two or more types.

[0017] In this invention, one example of a suitable material for constituting the heat-absorbing layer is gypsum board. Gypsum board typically contains calcium sulfate dihydrate as its main component, and therefore contains a large amount of bound water, exhibiting an endothermic effect in the temperature range of 100 to 200°C. As such, it can exhibit a stable endothermic effect when the temperature rises due to flames or heat. In addition to general gypsum board, non-combustible laminated gypsum board (gypsum board using non-combustible base paper as the cover), reinforced gypsum board (gypsum board with gypsum mixed with inorganic fibers such as glass fibers as the core material), and glass fiber nonwoven gypsum board (gypsum board with gypsum mixed with glass fibers as the core material, with glass fiber nonwoven fabric inserted on the front and back surfaces) can be used.

[0018] The thickness of the heat-absorbing layer is preferably 1 to 30 mm, more preferably 3 to 28 mm, and even more preferably 5 to 25 mm, from the viewpoint of thermal insulation, heat protection, strength, and light weight. In this invention, "a to b" is synonymous with "a or more and b or less".

[0019] In the present invention, the decorative layer is not particularly limited as long as it can impart design (aesthetic appeal), but is preferably formed from a composition containing a resin component and decorative powders (hereinafter also referred to as "decorative layer composition"). Specifically, it is preferable to use a decorative layer composition that has been pre-molded into a sheet (hereinafter also referred to as "decorative sheet").

[0020] The above-mentioned resin component primarily plays a role in immobilizing decorative powders and granules. Various synthetic resins can be used as such resin components. Examples of resin types include acrylic resins, silicone resins, acrylic silicone resins, fluororesins, vinyl acetate resins, acrylic vinyl acetate resins, vinyl chloride resins, urethane resins, acrylic urethane resins, epoxy resins, alkyd resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins, polyester resins, ethylene resins, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose and its derivatives, or composites thereof. Such synthetic resins may also have properties that allow for crosslinking reactions.

[0021] The glass transition temperature of the resin component is preferably -60°C to 60°C, more preferably -40°C to 30°C, and even more preferably -30°C to 20°C. Within this range, it is possible to impart appropriate flexibility. The glass transition temperature is a value that can be calculated using Fox's formula.

[0022] The decorative powders and granules described above play a role in imparting color, patterns, etc., to the decorative layer (decorative sheet). Examples of such decorative powders and granules include known materials such as coloring pigments, extender pigments, and aggregates, which can be used individually or in combination of two or more types.

[0023] The decorative layer of the present invention preferably contains granular inorganic particles as the decorative powder or granules. This fixes the granular inorganic particles with the resin component, resulting in a decorative layer exhibiting a color tone based on the granular inorganic particles and a design due to the connection (aggregation) of the granular inorganic particles. In other words, the color tone of the decorative layer is based on the color tone of the granular inorganic particles. The decorative layer may also have multiple colored regions having different color tones. In this case, the decorative layer can be formed by curing multiple decorative layer compositions having different color tones. Such a decorative layer can not only enhance the design but also enhance the heat-resistant protection due to the granular inorganic particles. The mechanism of action is not limited, but under high temperatures such as during a fire, the heat reflectivity and heat resistance of the granular inorganic particles can suppress a rapid rise in the temperature of the laminate, and sufficient heat-resistant protection can be achieved through a synergistic effect with the heat-absorbing effect of the heat-absorbing layer.

[0024] As granular inorganic particles, both natural and artificial materials can be used, as long as the base material is inorganic. Preferably, these granular inorganic particles include at least colored granular inorganic particles. Such colored granular inorganic particles are particularly preferably opaque with a light transmittance of less than 3%, and more preferably opaque with a light transmittance of 2% or less. Specific examples of such colored granular inorganic particles include, for example, marble, granite, serpentinite, sandstone, slate, basalt, gabbro, diorite, andesite, limestone and their crushed products, crushed ceramics, crushed porcelain, and metal particles. Additionally, fluorite, cressite, feldspar, silica, silica sand and their crushed products, crushed glass, glass beads, etc., colored to satisfy the above conditions can also be used.

[0025] The above light transmittance refers to the total light transmittance value measured by a turbidimeter. In this measurement, a sample of granular inorganic particles is packed into a transparent glass cell with an inner thickness of 5 mm, then water is gradually added, and air bubbles in the cell are removed by vibration.

[0026] In addition to the granular colored inorganic particles described above, the form may also include granular transparent inorganic particles. The use of such granular transparent inorganic particles is preferable in terms of improving aesthetics. Preferably, the granular transparent inorganic particles have a light transmittance of 3% or more (more preferably 3 to 50%, and even more preferably 10 to 30%). Examples of granular transparent inorganic particles include silica, cremated stone, feldspar, silica, and their crushed products, glass crushed products, glass beads, etc., and either colorless or colored types can be used as long as they satisfy the above light transmittance requirement.

[0027] The particle size of the granular inorganic particles is preferably 0.01 mm to 5 mm, more preferably 0.02 mm to 2 mm, and even more preferably 0.03 mm to 0.8 mm. By combining granular inorganic particles with different particle sizes, the range of design possibilities can be broadened. The particle size of the granular inorganic particles is measured by sieving using a metal mesh sieve as specified in JIS Z8801-1:2000.

[0028] The mixing ratio of the above resin component to the decorative powder is preferably 2 to 50 parts by weight (more preferably 3 to 30 parts by weight, even more preferably 4 to 20 parts by weight, and particularly preferably 5 to 19 parts by weight) of the resin component per 100 parts by weight of the total amount of decorative powder. With such a ratio, a decorative layer consisting of connected (aggregated) bodies of decorative powder is easily obtained. As a result, under high temperatures such as during a fire, a rapid temperature rise can be suppressed, and sufficient heat absorption performance can be exhibited without hindering the dehydration (evaporation, etc.) action in the heat absorption layer.

[0029] The cosmetic layer composition may contain other components (additives) as needed, as long as they do not significantly impair the effects of the present invention. Examples of such components include plasticizers, anti-algal agents, antibacterial agents, deodorants, adsorbents, flame retardants, thickeners, defoamers, crosslinking agents, luminescent pigments, phosphorescent pigments, fluorescent pigments, aggregates, fibers, ultraviolet absorbers, light stabilizers, antioxidants, catalysts, and the like.

[0030] The decorative layer (decorative sheet) of the present invention may have an uneven pattern on its surface. The pattern of such a decorative layer is not particularly limited and can take various shapes, such as stone-like patterns, wood-grain patterns, joint patterns, etc. The thickness of the decorative layer is preferably 0.2 to 30 mm (more preferably 0.5 to 20 mm).

[0031] The method for manufacturing the decorative layer (decorative sheet) is not particularly limited, but examples include pouring a decorative layer composition into the inner surface of a mold and demolding it after it hardens.

[0032] The decorative layer (decorative sheet) of the present invention may have a clear layer on its outermost surface for the purpose of surface protection (water resistance, weather resistance, etc.), stain prevention, etc. A known clear coating can be used as the clear layer.

[0033] Furthermore, the decorative layer (decorative sheet) may consist solely of a molded body of a mixture containing the above-mentioned components and additives, or it may have a fibrous sheet or the like laminated inside and / or on its back surface. As such a fibrous sheet, for example, a known sheet containing organic fibers and / or inorganic fibers can be used. By using such a fibrous sheet, the strength of the decorative layer (decorative sheet) can be increased.

[0034] The laminate of the present invention is characterized in that the decorative layer extends in at least one direction beyond the edge of the heat-absorbing layer. The decorative layer extending beyond the edge of the heat-absorbing layer can cover the side surface of the lower heat-absorbing layer, or the side surface or surface of the heat-absorbing layer of an adjacent laminate. This makes it possible to fully obtain effects such as aesthetics, ease of installation, and heat-resistant protection.

[0035] In the laminate of the present invention, even better heat-resistant protection can be provided by laminating a thermal foam layer. The thermal foam layer can be provided, for example, on the back side of the heat-absorbing layer or between the heat-absorbing layer and the decorative layer. In the present invention, it is preferable to provide the thermal foam layer between the heat-absorbing layer and the decorative layer.

[0036] As the thermal foaming layer, a material can be used that, when the ambient temperature rises due to a fire or the like and the temperature of the thermal foaming layer reaches a predetermined foaming temperature, foams up due to the action of the raw materials constituting the thermal foaming layer, forming a carbonized insulation layer. The thermal foaming layer can be formed, for example, from a thermal foaming sheet.

[0037] The foaming temperature of the thermal foaming layer is preferably 150°C or higher, more preferably 180°C or higher, and even more preferably 200-400°C, from the standpoint of temperature rise due to flames or heat.

[0038] The thermal foam layer is preferably composed of a mixture of components including a resin component, a flame retardant, a blowing agent, a carbonizing agent, and a filler. Examples of the resin component include thermoplastic resins such as acrylic resin, acrylic styrene resin, vinyl acetate resin, and ethylene vinyl acetate resin. Examples of flame retardants include ammonium polyphosphate, and examples of blowing agents include melamine, dicyandiamide, and azodicarbonamide. Examples of carbonizing agents include pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol, and examples of fillers include titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, and inorganic fibers. These components can be used individually or in combination of two or more.

[0039] From the viewpoint of heat protection and other factors, the composition ratio (weight ratio) of each component constituting the heat-foamed layer is preferably, in terms of solid content, 200 to 600 parts by weight of flame retardant, 40 to 150 parts by weight of foaming agent, 40 to 150 parts by weight of carbonizing agent, and 50 to 160 parts by weight of filler, per 100 parts by weight of resin component.

[0040] As the heat-expandable sheet used in the heat-expandable layer, a mixture containing the above components and various additives as needed can be molded into a sheet.

[0041] Additives that can be used in the mixture forming the thermal foam layer can be any additives that do not significantly impair the effects of the present invention, and examples include pigments, fibers, wetting agents, plasticizers, lubricants, preservatives, antifungal agents, antialgal agents, antibacterial agents, thickeners, dispersants, defoaming agents, crosslinking agents, ultraviolet absorbers, light stabilizers, antioxidants, diluent solvents, and the like.

[0042] The thickness of the heat-foamed layer can be set appropriately depending on the application, but from the viewpoint of heat protection and light weight, it is preferably 0.1 to 10 mm, more preferably 0.3 to 8 mm, and even more preferably 0.5 to 6 mm.

[0043] The thermal foam layer may consist solely of a molded body of a mixture containing the above-mentioned components and additives, or it may have a fibrous sheet or the like laminated on the surface or back surface of the thermal foam layer. As such a fibrous sheet, for example, a known sheet containing organic fibers and / or inorganic fibers can be used.

[0044] In the laminate of the present invention, it is preferable that the thermal foam layer extends in at least one direction beyond the edge of the heat-absorbing layer. The thermal foam layer extending beyond the edge of the heat-absorbing layer can cover the side surface of the lower heat-absorbing layer, or the side surface or surface of the adjacent heat-absorbing layer of the laminate. This makes it possible to obtain sufficient effects such as heat resistance protection.

[0045] Furthermore, in the laminate of the present invention, the heat-reflective layer can be laminated to further enhance heat protection due to its heat-shielding effect. The heat-reflective layer can be provided, for example, on the back side of the heat-absorbing layer, between the heat-absorbing layer and the thermal foam layer, or on the front side of the thermal foam layer (between the thermal foam layer and the decorative layer).

[0046] As the heat reflective layer, for example, a metal plate, sheet, or tape with high heat reflectivity can be used. Examples of metals that make up the heat reflective layer include aluminum, copper, and silver, with aluminum being preferred among these. Specifically, examples of heat reflective layers include aluminum foil, aluminum tape, aluminum cloth, aluminum foil / glass nonwoven fabric laminated sheet, aluminum foil / mesh laminated sheet, and aluminum foil / synthetic resin laminated sheet. For example, when using aluminum tape, a tape with an adhesive layer formed on one side of the aluminum layer can be used. These can be used individually or in combination of two or more types.

[0047] The thickness of the heat reflective layer is preferably 0.01 to 1 mm, more preferably 0.02 to 0.5 mm, and even more preferably 0.03 to 0.3 mm, from the viewpoint of heat reflectivity, heat protection, and lightweight properties.

[0048] In this invention, the layers can be bonded together using, for example, an adhesive. As the adhesive, known adhesives such as water-dispersible, water-soluble, and solvent-based adhesives primarily composed of acrylic resin, silicone resin, epoxy resin, vinyl resin, phenolic resin, polyester resin, urethane resin, paraffin, etc., can be used. The adhesive may contain additives such as flame retardants, foaming agents, carbonizing agents, and fillers, as needed, similar to those incorporated into the aforementioned heat-foamed layer. In this invention, the term "adhesive" also includes adhesives.

[0049] [Covered structure] The coating structure of the present invention is obtained by coating the periphery of a substrate using at least one of the above-mentioned laminates.

[0050] Examples of base materials include columns, beams, and other elements that constitute structures such as buildings and civil engineering structures. Such base materials may be made of materials such as cement-based materials, plastics, wood materials, and metals. The shape of these base materials is preferably elongated, and their cross-sectional shapes may be circular, polygonal (square, etc.). The present invention is particularly useful when the base material is a rectangular base material with a square cross-section, and can be preferably applied to, for example, a rectangular wood base material.

[0051] In this invention, the laminate is installed on the substrate so that the heat-absorbing layer side of the laminate faces the substrate and the decorative layer side faces outward. Each laminate can be installed on the substrate using fasteners such as nails, screws, rivets, pins, bolts, staples, or gypsum-based or cement-based adhesives. This allows for the efficient acquisition of a covering structure in which at least a heat-absorbing layer and a decorative layer are sequentially laminated on the substrate, which is advantageous in terms of workability. Furthermore, by laminating each layer in the above order, excellent design (aesthetics) and superior heat-resistant protection are achieved, and the reduction in strength of the substrate can be suppressed. Moreover, by laminating a heat-foamed layer, the effect of suppressing temperature rise due to heat such as fire is further enhanced, and the effects of heat-resistant protection can be stably obtained.

[0052] The joints between laminates (where the laminates meet) can be treated as appropriate. For example, these joints can be treated with adhesives, coatings, or putties of the same color as the decorative layer. Two or more of these treatment methods can also be combined.

[0053] In the longitudinal direction of the substrate, the laminates can be installed butted together so that they are adjacent to each other. The joints between the laminates can be treated as needed. The methods described above can be used for treating the joints.

[0054] The covering structure of the present invention can be applied to applications requiring heat protection in various fields such as architecture and civil engineering. When used as a building material, it can be applied to columns, beams, etc. The covering structure of the present invention can exhibit heat protection (fire resistance) that meets the specified conditions in tests specified in JIS A1304:2017, for example. Such performance can be appropriately adjusted by selecting, for example, the type of each layer, the lamination pattern, the thickness, etc.

[0055] [Specific examples] Figure 1 shows an example (cross-sectional view) of the laminate of the present invention. Figure 2 is a perspective view of the laminate of Figure 1. In the laminates of Figures 1 and 2, the heat-absorbing layer 2 and the decorative layer 3 are laminated in order. The heat-absorbing layer 2 is a rectangular (square or rectangular) plate material when viewed from the front, and the decorative layer 3 is a rectangular (square or rectangular) sheet when viewed from the front. The decorative layer 3 extends in two directions beyond the left end 2L and the right end 2R of the heat-absorbing layer 2.

[0056] In Figure 1, a decorative layer 3 with an adhesive layer 4 pre-applied to its back surface is bonded to the heat-absorbing layer 2. In Figure 1, the adhesive layer 4 is also applied to the back surface of the decorative layer 3 that extends beyond the edge of the heat-absorbing layer 2 (the left and right ends of the decorative layer 3). However, release paper or the like may be laminated on the back surface of the adhesive layer 4 in this area. Such release paper or the like can be peeled off when bonding the left and right ends of the decorative layer 3 to the sides of the heat-absorbing layer.

[0057] Figure 3 shows an example (cross-sectional view) of the coating structure of the present invention. In the coating structure of Figure 3, a long rectangular substrate is coated using the laminates shown in Figures 1 and 2. Specifically, in the coating structure of Figure 3, in a cross-sectional view, four laminates 101 to 104 are installed along the outside of the four sides of the substrate 8 (rectangular substrate). The thickness of the heat-absorbing layers of laminates 101 to 104 is the same, and the thickness of the decorative layers of laminates 101 to 104 is also the same. In all of laminates 101 to 104, the size of the heat-absorbing layer is equal to the length of one side of the rectangular substrate. In laminates 101 to 104, the decorative layer that extends beyond the end of the heat-absorbing layer is bent at the end of the lower heat-absorbing layer and bonded to its side surface. In adjacent laminates, the areas where the decorative layers meet can be appropriately treated with, for example, an adhesive, coating material, or putty material of the same color as the decorative layer. As a result, the entire perimeter of the rectangular substrate is covered by the laminate. The size referred to here is the length along the edge of the base material in a cross-sectional view.

[0058] The covering structure in Figure 3 can be made more aesthetically pleasing by using a decorative layer with a design such as wood grain or sandstone pattern. Such a structure has excellent aesthetic appeal under normal conditions, and when exposed to high temperatures due to fire or other reasons, the decorative layer 3 exhibits heat reflectivity and heat resistance, and the heat-absorbing layer 2 exhibits heat absorption, thereby suppressing the temperature rise of the base material 8 and maintaining its strength.

[0059] [Specific Example 2] Figure 4 shows another example (cross-sectional view) of a coating structure using the laminate of the present invention (Figures 1 and 2). Specifically, in the coating structure of Figure 4, in a cross-sectional view, laminates 105 and 107 are installed along the outer edges of the top and bottom sides of the base material 8 (square base material), and laminates 106 and 108 are installed along the outer edges of the right and left sides of the base material 8 (square base material), respectively. Of these, laminates 105 and 107 are the laminate of the present invention (Figures 1 and 2). Laminates 106 and 108 both have decorative layers of the same size as the heat-absorbing layer laminated on top of each other, and the edges of the heat-absorbing layer and the edges of the decorative layers coincide.

[0060] In both laminates 105 and 107, the size of the heat-absorbing layer is equal to the length of one side of the rectangular substrate, the thickness of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 106, and the thickness of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 108. Both laminates 106 and 108 have a size equal to the length of one side of the rectangular substrate, and the size of the heat-absorbing layer and the decorative layer are the same. The thickness of the heat-absorbing layers in laminates 105 to 108 is the same, and the thickness of the decorative layers in laminates 105 to 108 is also the same.

[0061] At the corners of the base material 8 (square base material), the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of one laminate is in contact with the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of the other laminate. Specifically, at the upper right corner where laminates 105 and 106 meet, the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 105 is in contact with the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 106. At the lower right corner where laminates 106 and 107 meet, the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 106 is in contact with the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 107. At the lower left corner where laminates 107 and 108 meet, the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 107 is in contact with the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 108. At the upper left corner where laminates 108 and 105 meet, the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 108 is in contact with the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 105.

[0062] In laminates 105 and 107, the decorative layers extending beyond the ends of the heat-absorbing layers (the left and right ends of the decorative layers) are bent at the ends of the lower heat-absorbing layers and bonded to their sides. As a result, the entire perimeter of the rectangular substrate is covered by the laminate. In adjacent laminates, the areas where the decorative layers meet can be appropriately treated with, for example, adhesives, coatings, or putties of the same color as the decorative layers.

[0063] The covering structure in Figure 4 can be made more aesthetically pleasing by using a decorative layer with a design such as wood grain or sandstone pattern. Such a structure has excellent aesthetic appeal under normal conditions, and when exposed to high temperatures due to fire or other reasons, the decorative layer 3 exhibits heat reflectivity and heat resistance, and the heat-absorbing layer 2 exhibits heat absorption, thereby suppressing the temperature rise of the base material 8 and maintaining its strength.

[0064] [Specific Example 3] Figure 5 shows another example (cross-sectional view) of a covering structure using the laminate of the present invention (Figures 1 and 2). Specifically, in the covering structure of Figure 5, in a cross-sectional view, laminates 109 and 111 are installed along the outer edges of the top and bottom of the base material 8 (square base material), and laminates 110 and 112 are installed along the outer edges of the right and left of the base material 8 (square base material). Of these, laminates 109 and 111 are the laminate of the present invention (Figures 1 and 2).

[0065] In both laminates 109 and 111, the size of the heat-absorbing layer is equal to the length of one side of the rectangular substrate, and the size of the decorative layer is equal to the sum of the length of one side of the rectangular substrate and the thickness of the two laminates (laminateds 110 and 112). In both laminates 110 and 112, the size is equal to the length of one side of the rectangular substrate and the sum of the thickness of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 109 and the thickness of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 111, and the sizes of the heat-absorbing layer and the decorative layer are the same. The thickness of the heat-absorbing layers in laminates 109 to 112 is the same, and the thickness of the decorative layers in laminates 109 to 112 is also the same.

[0066] At the corners of the base material 8 (square base material), the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of one laminate is in contact with the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of the other laminate. Specifically, at the upper right corner where laminates 109 and 110 meet, the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 109 is in contact with the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 110. At the lower right corner where laminates 110 and 111 meet, the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 110 is in contact with the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 111. At the lower left corner where laminates 111 and 112 meet, the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 111 is in contact with the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 112. At the upper left corner where laminates 112 and 109 meet, the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 112 is in contact with the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 109.

[0067] In laminates 109 and 111, the decorative layers extending beyond the ends of the heat-absorbing layer (the left and right ends of the decorative layers) are bonded to the sides of adjacent laminates (laminated layers 110 and 112), respectively. As a result, the entire perimeter of the rectangular substrate is covered by the laminates. In adjacent laminates, the areas where the decorative layers meet can be appropriately treated with, for example, adhesives, coatings, or putties of the same color as the decorative layers.

[0068] The covering structure in Figure 5 can be made more aesthetically pleasing by using a decorative layer with a design such as wood grain or sandstone pattern. Such a structure has excellent aesthetic appeal under normal conditions, and when exposed to high temperatures due to fire or other reasons, the decorative layer 3 exhibits heat reflectivity and heat resistance, and the heat-absorbing layer 2 exhibits heat absorption, thereby suppressing the temperature rise of the base material 8 and maintaining its strength.

[0069] [Specific Example 4] Figure 6 shows another example (cross-sectional view) of the laminate of the present invention. In the laminate of Figure 6, the heat-absorbing layer 2 and the decorative layer 3 are laminated in order. The heat-absorbing layer 2 is a rectangular (square or rectangular) plate material when viewed from the front, and the decorative layer 3 is a rectangular (square or rectangular) sheet when viewed from the front. In Figure 6, an adhesive layer 4 has been pre-applied to the back surface of the decorative layer 3 and it is bonded to the heat-absorbing layer 2. The decorative layer 3 extends in one direction beyond the right end 2R of the heat-absorbing layer 2.

[0070] Figure 7 shows an example (cross-sectional view) of a covering structure using the laminates shown in Figure 6. In the covering structure of Figure 7, a long rectangular substrate is covered using four laminates from Figure 6. Specifically, in the covering structure of Figure 7, in a cross-sectional view, the four laminates 113 to 116 are installed along the outside of the four sides of the substrate 8 (rectangular substrate). The thickness of the heat-absorbing layer of laminates 113 to 116 is the same, and the thickness of the decorative layer of laminates 113 to 116 is also the same.

[0071] At the corners of the base material 8 (square base material), the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of one laminate is in contact with the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of the other laminate. Specifically, at the upper right corner where laminates 113 and 114 meet, the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 113 is in contact with the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 114. At the lower right corner where laminates 114 and 115 meet, the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 114 is in contact with the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 115. At the lower left corner where laminates 115 and 116 meet, the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 115 is in contact with the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 116. At the upper left corner where laminates 116 and 113 meet, the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 116 is in contact with the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 113.

[0072] In each of the laminates 113 to 116, the size of the heat-absorbing layer is equal to the sum of the length of one side of the rectangular substrate and the thickness of the heat-absorbing layer of the adjacent laminate. In laminates 113 to 116, the decorative layer extending beyond the edge of the heat-absorbing layer is bent at the edge of the lower heat-absorbing layer and bonded to its side surface. As a result, the entire perimeter of the rectangular substrate is covered by the laminate. In adjacent laminates, the areas where the decorative layers meet can be appropriately treated with, for example, an adhesive, coating material, or putty material of the same color as the decorative layer.

[0073] The covering structure in Figure 7 can be made more aesthetically pleasing by using a decorative layer with a design such as wood grain or sandstone pattern. Such a structure has excellent aesthetic appeal under normal conditions, and when exposed to high temperatures due to fire or other reasons, the decorative layer 3 exhibits heat reflectivity and heat resistance, and the heat-absorbing layer 2 exhibits heat absorption, thereby suppressing the temperature rise of the base material 8 and maintaining its strength.

[0074] [Specific Example 5] Figure 8 shows another example (cross-sectional view) of a covering structure using the laminates shown in Figure 6. Specifically, in the covering structure of Figure 8, in a cross-sectional view, four laminates (laminated

[0075] In all laminates 117 to 120, the size of the heat-absorbing layer is equal to the sum of the length of one side of the rectangular substrate and the thickness of the heat-absorbing layer of the adjacent laminate, and the size of the decorative layer is equal to the length of one side of the rectangular substrate and the sum of the thickness of the heat-absorbing layer of the adjacent laminate on one side and the thickness of the adjacent laminate on the other side. For example, in laminate 117, the size of the heat-absorbing layer is equal to the sum of the length of the top side of the rectangular substrate and the thickness of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 120, and the size of the decorative layer is equal to the sum of the length of the top side of the rectangular substrate and the thickness of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 120 and the thickness of laminate 118. The thickness of the heat-absorbing layers in laminates 117 to 120 is the same, and the thickness of the decorative layers in laminates 117 to 120 is also the same.

[0076] At the corners of the base material 8 (square base material), the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of one laminate is in contact with the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of the other laminate. Specifically, at the upper right corner where laminates 117 and 118 meet, the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 117 is in contact with the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 118. At the lower right corner where laminates 118 and 119 meet, the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 118 is in contact with the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 119. At the lower left corner where laminates 119 and 120 meet, the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 119 is in contact with the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 120. At the upper left corner where laminates 120 and 117 meet, the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 120 is in contact with the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 117.

[0077] In laminates 117-120, the decorative layers extending beyond the edges of the heat-absorbing layers are bonded to the sides of adjacent laminates. For example, in laminate 117, the decorative layer at the right end is bonded to the side of laminate 118. As a result, the entire perimeter of the rectangular substrate is covered by the laminate. In adjacent laminates, the areas where the decorative layers meet can be appropriately treated with, for example, adhesives, coatings, or putties of the same color as the decorative layers.

[0078] The covering structure in Figure 8 can be made more aesthetically pleasing by using a decorative layer with a design such as wood grain or sandstone pattern. Such a structure has excellent aesthetic appeal under normal conditions, and when exposed to high temperatures due to fire or other reasons, the decorative layer 3 exhibits heat reflectivity and heat resistance, and the heat-absorbing layer 2 exhibits heat absorption, thereby suppressing the temperature rise of the base material 8 and maintaining its strength.

[0079] [Specific Example 6] Figure 9 shows another example (cross-sectional view) of the laminate of the present invention. In the laminate of Figure 9, the heat-absorbing layer 2 and the decorative layer 3 are laminated in order. The heat-absorbing layer 2 is a rectangular (square or rectangular) plate material when viewed from the front, and the decorative layer 3 is a rectangular (square or rectangular) sheet when viewed from the front. In Figure 9, an adhesive layer 4 has been pre-applied to the back surface of the decorative layer 3 and it is bonded to the heat-absorbing layer 2. The decorative layer 3 extends in one direction beyond the right end 2R of the heat-absorbing layer 2, and the decorative layer 3 is not laminated near the left end of the heat-absorbing layer 2.

[0080] Figure 10 shows an example (cross-sectional view) of a covering structure using the laminates shown in Figure 9. In the covering structure of Figure 10, a long rectangular substrate is covered using four laminates from Figure 9. Specifically, in the covering structure of Figure 10, in a cross-sectional view, the four laminates 121 to 124 are placed along the outside of the four sides of the substrate 8 (rectangular substrate). The thickness of the heat-absorbing layer of laminates 121 to 124 is the same, and the thickness of the decorative layer of laminates 121 to 124 is also the same.

[0081] At the corners of the base material 8 (square base material), the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of one laminate is in contact with the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of the other laminate. Specifically, at the upper right corner where laminates 121 and 122 meet, the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 121 is in contact with the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 122. At the lower right corner where laminates 122 and 123 meet, the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 122 is in contact with the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 123. At the lower left corner where laminates 123 and 124 meet, the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 123 is in contact with the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 124. At the upper left corner where laminates 124 and 121 meet, the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 124 is in contact with the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 121.

[0082] In each of the laminates 121 to 124, the size of the heat-absorbing layer is equal to the sum of the length of one side of the rectangular substrate and the thickness of the heat-absorbing layer of the adjacent laminate. In laminates 121 to 124, the decorative layer extending beyond the edge of the heat-absorbing layer is bent at the edge of the heat-absorbing layer of the adjacent laminate and bonded to cover the side surface or near the edge surface of that heat-absorbing layer. For example, in laminate 121, the decorative layer at the right end is bent at the upper right edge of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 122 and bonded to cover the upper side surface or near the upper right surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 122. As a result, the entire perimeter of the rectangular substrate is covered by the laminate. In adjacent laminates, the areas where the decorative layers meet can be appropriately treated with, for example, adhesives, coatings, or putties of the same color as the decorative layer.

[0083] The covering structure in Figure 10 can be made more aesthetically pleasing by using a decorative layer with a design such as wood grain or sandstone pattern. Such a structure has excellent aesthetic appeal under normal conditions, and when exposed to high temperatures due to fire or other reasons, the decorative layer 3 exhibits heat reflectivity and heat resistance, and the heat-absorbing layer 2 exhibits heat absorption, thereby suppressing the temperature rise of the base material 8 and maintaining its strength.

[0084] [Specific Example 7] Figure 11 shows another example (cross-sectional view) of the laminate of the present invention. In the laminate of Figure 11, the heat-absorbing layer 21 and the decorative layer 3 are laminated in order. The heat-absorbing layer 21 is a rectangular (square or rectangular) plate when viewed from the front, with chamfered edges on both sides, giving it a trapezoidal shape when viewed in cross-section. The decorative layer 3 is a rectangular (square or rectangular) sheet when viewed from the front. In Figure 11, the decorative layer 3, with an adhesive layer 4 pre-applied to its back surface, is bonded to the heat-absorbing layer 21. The decorative layer 3 extends in two directions beyond the left end 21L and the right end 21R of the heat-absorbing layer 21.

[0085] Figure 12 shows another example (cross-sectional view) of the laminate of the present invention. In the laminate of Figure 12, the heat-absorbing layer 21 and the decorative layer 3 are laminated in order. The heat-absorbing layer 21 is a rectangular (square or rectangular) plate material when viewed from the front, with chamfered edges on both sides, giving it a trapezoidal shape when viewed in cross-section. The decorative layer 3 is a rectangular (square or rectangular) sheet when viewed from the front. In Figure 12, an adhesive layer 4 is pre-applied to the back surface of the decorative layer 3 and then bonded to the heat-absorbing layer 21. The decorative layer 3 extends in one direction beyond the right end 21R of the heat-absorbing layer 21, and the decorative layer 3 is not laminated near the left end of the heat-absorbing layer 21.

[0086] Figure 13 shows an example (cross-sectional view) of a covering structure using the laminates shown in Figure 12. In the covering structure of Figure 13, a long rectangular substrate is covered using four laminates from Figure 12. Specifically, in the covering structure of Figure 13, in a cross-sectional view, four laminates 125-128 are installed along the outside of the four sides of the substrate 8 (rectangular substrate). The thickness of the heat-absorbing layer of laminates 125-128 is the same, and the thickness of the decorative layer of laminates 125-128 is also the same.

[0087] In all laminates 125 to 128, the size of the back side of the heat-absorbing layer is equal to the length of one side of the rectangular substrate. In laminates 125 to 128, the decorative layers extending beyond the ends of the heat-absorbing layers are bent to follow the heat-absorbing layer of the lower layer or the heat-absorbing layer of the adjacent laminate, and are bonded to cover the side surface of the lower heat-absorbing layer or the area near the end surface of the heat-absorbing layer of the adjacent laminate. For example, in laminate 125, the decorative layer at the right end is bent to follow the heat-absorbing layer of the lower layer or the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 126, and is bonded to cover the side surface of the lower heat-absorbing layer or the area near the end surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 126. As a result, the entire perimeter of the rectangular substrate is covered by the laminate. In adjacent laminates, the areas where the decorative layers meet can be appropriately treated with, for example, adhesives, coatings, or putties of the same color as the decorative layer.

[0088] The covering structure in Figure 13 can be made more aesthetically pleasing by using a decorative layer with a design such as wood grain or sandstone pattern. Such a structure has excellent aesthetic appeal under normal conditions, and when exposed to high temperatures due to fire or other reasons, the decorative layer 3 exhibits heat reflectivity and heat resistance, and the heat-absorbing layer 2 exhibits heat absorption, thereby suppressing the temperature rise of the base material 8 and maintaining its strength.

[0089] [Specific example 8] Figure 14 shows another example (cross-sectional view) of the laminate of the present invention. In the laminate of Figure 14, a heat-absorbing layer 2, a thermal foam layer 6, and a decorative layer 3 are laminated in order. The heat-absorbing layer 2 is a rectangular (square or rectangular) plate material when viewed from the front, the thermal foam layer 6 is a rectangular (square or rectangular) sheet when viewed from the front, and the decorative layer 3 is a rectangular (square or rectangular) decorative sheet when viewed from the front. In Figure 14, an adhesive layer 4 is pre-applied to the back surface of the thermal foam layer 3 and then bonded to the heat-absorbing layer 2. The decorative layer 3 can be laminated to the surface of the thermal foam layer 6 via an adhesive layer or the like. The thermal foam layer 6 extends in one direction beyond the right end 2R of the heat-absorbing layer 2. The decorative layer 3 extends in two directions beyond the left end 2L and the right end 2R of the heat-absorbing layer 2. The right end of the decorative layer 3 extends beyond the right end of the thermal foam layer 7.

[0090] Figure 15 shows an example (cross-sectional view) of a covering structure using the laminates shown in Figure 14. In the covering structure of Figure 15, a long rectangular substrate is covered using four laminates from Figure 14. Specifically, in the covering structure of Figure 15, in a cross-sectional view, four laminates 129 to 132 are installed along the outside of the four sides of the substrate 8 (rectangular substrate). The thickness of the heat-absorbing layer of laminates 129 to 132 is the same, the thickness of the thermal foaming layer of laminates 129 to 132 is the same, and the thickness of the decorative layer of laminates 129 to 132 is the same.

[0091] At the corners of the base material 8 (square base material), the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of one laminate is in contact with the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of the other laminate. Specifically, at the upper right corner where laminates 129 and 130 meet, the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 129 is in contact with the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 130. At the lower right corner where laminates 130 and 131 meet, the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 130 is in contact with the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 131. At the lower left corner where laminates 131 and 132 meet, the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 131 is in contact with the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 132. At the upper left corner where laminates 132 and 129 meet, the side surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 132 is in contact with the back surface of the heat-absorbing layer of laminate 129.

[0092] In laminates 129 to 132, the thermal foam layers extending beyond the ends of the heat-absorbing layers are bonded to the sides of adjacent laminates. For example, in laminate 129, the thermal foam layer at the right end is bonded to the side of laminate 130.

[0093] Furthermore, in laminates 129 to 132, the decorative layers extending beyond the edges of the heat-absorbing layers are bonded to the decorative layers on the sides of the adjacent laminates. For example, in laminate 129, the decorative layer at the right end is bonded to the decorative layer on the side of laminate 130.

[0094] In the covering structure shown in Figure 15, the entire perimeter of the rectangular substrate is covered by a laminate. Where adjacent laminates meet, the areas where decorative layers meet can be appropriately treated with, for example, adhesives, coatings, or putties of the same color as the decorative layer.

[0095] The covering structure in Figure 13 can be made more aesthetically pleasing by using a decorative layer with a design such as wood grain or sandstone. Such a structure has excellent aesthetic appeal under normal conditions, and when exposed to high temperatures due to fire or other reasons, the decorative layer 3 exhibits heat reflectivity and heat resistance, the heat-foamed layer 3 expands to form a carbonized heat-insulating layer, and the heat-absorbing layer 2 exhibits a heat-absorbing effect, thereby suppressing the temperature rise of the base material 8 and maintaining its strength.

[0096] [Specific Example 9] Figure 16 shows another example (cross-sectional view) of the laminate of the present invention. In the laminate of Figure 16, a heat reflective layer 7, a heat-absorbing layer 2, and a decorative layer 3 are laminated in order. The heat-absorbing layer 2 is a rectangular (square or rectangular) plate material when viewed from the front, and the decorative layer 3 is a rectangular (square or rectangular) sheet when viewed from the front. The heat reflective layer 7 is bonded to the heat-absorbing layer 2 via an adhesive layer 5 so as to cover the entire back side of the heat-absorbing layer 2. In Figure 16, an adhesive layer 4 has been pre-applied to the back side of the decorative layer 3 and it is bonded to the heat-absorbing layer 2. The decorative layer 3 extends in two directions beyond the right end 2R of the heat-absorbing layer 2.

[0097] The laminate in Figure 16 can form a covering structure in the manner shown in Figures 7 and 8, for example. When such a covering structure is exposed to high temperatures due to fire or the like, the decorative layer 3 exhibits heat reflectivity and heat resistance, the heat-absorbing layer 2 exhibits heat absorption, and the heat-reflective layer 7 exhibits heat shielding, thereby suppressing the temperature rise of the base material 8 and maintaining its strength.

Claims

1. A laminate having a cosmetic layer, The above laminate consists of at least a heat-absorbing layer and a decorative layer, Furthermore, it is made up of a laminated thermal foam layer and a thermal reflective layer. The above-mentioned heat-foaming layer is provided on the back side of the heat-absorbing layer, or between the heat-absorbing layer and the decorative layer. The above-mentioned heat reflective layer is provided on the back side of the heat-absorbing layer, between the heat-absorbing layer and the thermal foaming layer, or on the front side of the thermal foaming layer. A laminate characterized in that the decorative layer and the thermal foaming layer extend in at least one direction beyond the edge of the heat-absorbing layer.

2. The laminate according to claim 1, characterized in that the above-mentioned decorative layer is formed from a composition containing a resin component and decorative powders.

3. A covering structure in which the periphery of the base material is surrounded by multiple laminates, A covering structure characterized in that the laminate is the laminate described in claim 1 or claim 2.

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