Power management system and power management method

Abstract

To secure convenience of a user when a storage battery is included as power adjustment resources.SOLUTION: In planned control, an energy management server 2 holds control right of a HEMS10 and controls the HEMS10 based on a power demand-supply plan formulated in advance. In edge control, a HEMS controller 15 holds control right of the HEMS10, and controls the HEMS10 based on an actual situation of surplus power and demanded power of the HEMS10. The HEMS10 includes an electric vehicle 12 (a storage battery). When it is predicted that an actual SOC of the electric vehicle 12 is insufficient with respect to a target SOC at a scheduled departure time of the electric vehicle 12 during execution of the edge control, the energy management server 2 switches power management control from the edge control to the planned control.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a power management system and a power management method, and more particularly, to a system and method for managing power supply and demand in a power grid including a plurality of power adjustment resources.

Background Art

[0002] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-187254 (Patent Document 1) discloses a method for controlling a storage battery with little power loss of power generated using renewable energy, and a method for controlling a water heater that can be controlled so as not to fall below a minimum required power value. Patent Document 1 also describes calculating a prediction error of prediction data using operation plan data and actual operation result data of a storage battery.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0003] [[ID=…]] (The ellipsis indicates that the original text continues with more lines, but the content is not provided in the example. In a real translation task, all lines should be translated accurately.)

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0004] In a power grid including a plurality of power adjustment resources, not only when the actual power supply and demand of some power adjustment resources (for example, a home energy management system described later) follow the power supply and demand plan, but also when the actual power supply and demand deviate from the power supply and demand plan.

[0005] When a storage battery (for example, an electric vehicle configured to be charged by power supplied from a charging facility outside the vehicle) is included as a power adjustment resource, there is a possibility that the storage battery cannot be fully charged when the power generation amount of, for example, a solar power generation facility drops below the predicted amount. It is desirable that the convenience of the user is not impaired even in such a situation.

[0006] This disclosure was made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and one of the purposes of this disclosure is to ensure user convenience when batteries are included as power adjustment resources. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] A power management system relating to a certain aspect of this disclosure manages power supply and demand in a power grid that includes multiple power adjustment resources. The power management system comprises a controller that charges or discharges a corresponding power adjustment resource among the multiple power adjustment resources, and a server that sets the power management control by the controller for the corresponding resource. The power management control includes a first control and a second control. In the first control, the server holds the control rights of the corresponding resource and controls the corresponding resource based on a pre-formulated power supply and demand plan. In the second control, the controller holds the control rights and controls the corresponding resource based on the actual situation of surplus power and demand power of the corresponding resource. The corresponding resource includes a battery configured to be rechargeable by power supplied from an external charging facility. If, during the execution of the second control, the server predicts that the actual SOC of the battery will be insufficient to meet the target SOC at the scheduled time of battery use, the power management control switches from the second control to the first control.

[0008] Other aspects of this disclosure relate to power management methods for managing power supply and demand in a power grid that includes multiple power adjustment resources. The power management method includes a step of a server setting up power management control by a controller for corresponding power adjustment resources among the multiple power adjustment resources. The power management control includes a first control and a second control. The first control involves the server retaining control rights to the corresponding resource and controlling the resource based on a pre-formulated power supply and demand plan. The second control involves the controller retaining control rights to the corresponding resource and controlling the resource based on the actual situation of surplus power and demand power of the corresponding resource. The corresponding resource includes a battery configured to be rechargeable by power supplied from an external charging facility. The setting step includes a step of switching the power management control from the second control to the first control if, during the execution of the second control, the actual SOC of the battery is predicted to be insufficient to the target SOC at the scheduled time of battery use. [Effects of the Invention]

[0009] According to this disclosure, user convenience can be ensured when storage batteries are included as power adjustment resources. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0010] [Figure 1] This figure shows an example of the overall configuration of a power management system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] This is a time chart illustrating the overview of power management control in this embodiment. [Figure 3] This diagram illustrates the transition from edge control to plan control. [Figure 4] This flowchart shows an example of the power management control processing procedure in this embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0011] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their descriptions will not be repeated.

[0012] [Embodiment] <System Configuration> Figure 1 shows an example of the overall configuration of a power management system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The power management system 500 comprises a CEMS 1 and an energy management server 2.

[0013] CEMS1 stands for Community Energy Management System or City Energy Management System. CEMS1 includes, for example, multiple Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS) 10. In CEMS1, a microgrid MG is constructed by multiple HEMS 10. The microgrid MG is connected to the power grid 9 in a way that allows for the exchange of power with the power grid 9. The power grid 9 is a power network constructed by power plants and transmission and distribution facilities.

[0014] Note that the microgrid MG is an example of a "power grid" as described in this disclosure. CEM1 may include a Factory Energy Management System (FEMS) or a Building Energy Management System (BEMS) in place of or in addition to HEMS10. CEM1 may include only one of these energy management systems.

[0015] Each of the multiple HEMS 10 manages the electricity used in the home (electricity consumption, demand, and supply). Each HEMS 10 includes, for example, a water heater 11, an electric vehicle 12, a storage battery 13, a PV (photovoltaic) power generation system 14, and a HEMS controller 15.

[0016] The water heater 11 is, for example, a water heater of a cogeneration system (which may be a water heater that utilizes the heat generated during self-generation or a heat pump water heater). The water heater 11 boils an optimal amount of water according to the amount of hot water used per household at night using inexpensive late-night electricity, and stores the boiled water in a hot water storage tank for use the next day (so-called boiling up).

[0017] The electric vehicle 12 is a vehicle including a storage battery (not shown), specifically, a plug-in hybrid vehicle (PHEV: Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle), a battery electric vehicle (BEV: Battery Electric Vehicle), etc. The electric vehicle 12 is configured to receive power from the microgrid MG when a charging cable extending from a charging facility (not shown) is connected to an inlet (not shown) of the electric vehicle 12 (external charging). The electric vehicle 12 may be configured to be able to discharge to the microgrid MG when the charging cable is connected to an outlet (not shown) of the electric vehicle 12 (external discharge). Thus, the electric vehicle 12 also functions as a movable storage battery. However, the "storage battery" according to the present disclosure is not limited to an in-vehicle storage battery and may be a stationary storage battery.

[0018] The storage battery 13 is a stationary energy storage device that stores the power generated by the PV power generation facility 14 during the day. The storage battery 13 is a secondary battery such as a lithium-ion battery or a nickel-metal hydride battery, and may be manufactured using, for example, a driving storage battery that was previously mounted on a vehicle.

[0019] The PV power generation facility 14 generates electricity by receiving sunlight during the day, and charges the generated power into the storage battery 13 or outputs it to the microgrid MG. The HEMS 1 may include other natural fluctuation power sources (power generation facilities whose power generation output fluctuates depending on weather conditions), such as a wind power generation facility, instead of or in addition to the PV power generation facility 14.

[0020] The above-mentioned device is merely an example, and the HEMS 10 may further include devices other than those shown (electrical devices or V2H devices such as air conditioners, fuel cells, lighting devices, generators, heat storage tanks, etc.). Each device within the HEMS 10 corresponds to the "power adjustment resource" according to the present disclosure.

[0021] The HEMS controller 15 is configured to be communicable with each device within the HEMS 1. The HEMS controller 15 acquires information on each device and controls the operation of each device.

[0022] The HEMS controller 15 is configured to communicate bidirectionally with the energy management server 2. The HEMS controller 15 transmits values (such as power values, status values, etc.) indicating the operation status of the device acquired from each device to the energy management server 2. Also, the HEMS controller 15 controls each device according to a control command from the energy management server 2.

[0023] The energy management server 2 is a higher-level computer (cloud server) that comprehensively manages a plurality of HEMS controllers 15. The energy management server 2 includes a processor 201, a memory 202, and a communication interface 203. The processor 201 reads programs and various data (maps, relational expressions, parameters, etc.) stored in the memory 202 and expands them in the memory 202 to execute various processes. The communication interface 203 is configured to communicate with each of the plurality of HEMS controllers 15. The energy management server 2 executes "power management control" for each of the plurality of HEMs 10 to manage charging, power consumption, and / or discharging within the HEMS 10. This control will be described later.

[0024] Each of the plurality of HEMS controllers 15 corresponds to the "controller" according to the present disclosure. The energy management server 2 corresponds to the "server" according to the present disclosure.

[0025] <Power Management Control> The energy management server 2, for each HEMS 10 (a consumer within CEM1), formulates a power supply and demand plan based on the HEMS 10's electricity rate and power receiving end forecast, in order to minimize the HEMS 10's electricity costs. Then, the energy management server 2 executes "planned control" according to the power supply and demand plan for each HEMS 10. In planned control, the energy management server 2 retains control rights for each device within the HEMS 10, and the energy management server 2 coordinately controls each device within the HEMS 10. This maximizes self-consumption within the HEMS 10 and suppresses electricity costs.

[0026] However, HEMS10 of Actual electricity supply and demand do not always proceed in line with the electricity supply and demand plan. A consumer's behavior on one day may differ from that of a consumer on another day (normal behavior patterns). Alternatively, weather may change moment by moment, or it may cause changes that differ from those predicted based on past data. As a result, the amount of electricity generated by natural variable power sources such as PV power generation facilities 14 may differ from the prediction. In addition, it is difficult to formulate a precise electricity supply and demand plan with a short time granularity (for example, in one-minute increments). Therefore, electricity forecasts may be inaccurate, and as a result, the actual electricity supply and demand of HEMS 10 may deviate from the electricity supply and demand plan. When the actual electricity supply and demand deviates from the electricity supply and demand plan, it may not be possible to maximize self-consumption with planned control alone. In other words, compared to when the actual electricity supply and demand follows the electricity supply and demand plan, the amount of electricity bought and / or sold may increase, and electricity charges may increase accordingly.

[0027] In this embodiment, during periods when it is predicted that the actual power supply and demand will deviate from the power supply and demand plan while planned control is being executed, in this example, during periods when it is predicted that surplus power will be sold by the PV power generation equipment 14 or that power will be purchased due to increased power demand from equipment within the HEMS 10 (air conditioning equipment, lighting equipment, etc.), the energy management server 2 switches the power management control from "planned control" to "edge control".

[0028] In edge control, control rights for each device within HEMS 10 are transferred from the energy management server 2 to the HEMS controller 15. The HEMS controller 15 monitors the power supply at the receiving end of HEMS 10. The HEMS controller 15 then meticulously controls the charging and discharging of each device within HEMS 10 (in this example, the water heater 11, the electric vehicle 12, and the storage battery 13) in response to changes in the amount of electricity bought and sold at the receiving end of HEMS 10. This reduces the amount of electricity bought and sold at the receiving end of HEMS 10 and maximizes self-consumption. As a result, it becomes possible to reduce electricity costs in HEMS 10. Plan control corresponds to the "first control" in this disclosure, and edge control corresponds to the "second control" in this disclosure.

[0029] <Switching between planned control and edge control> Figure 2 is a time chart illustrating the overview of power management control in this embodiment. The horizontal axis represents elapsed time. More specifically, the horizontal axis represents elapsed time during a specific target period (in this example, the period from 0:00 to 24:00 the following day). The vertical axis represents power (generated power or demanded power). In Figure 2, from top to bottom, the power forecast for the following day, the operation plan for the water heater 11, the operation plan for the electric vehicle 12, the operation plan for the storage battery 13, and the type of power management control are shown for the target HEMS 10.

[0030] The energy management server 2 predicts the power supply at the receiving end for the target HEMS 10 during the target period at predetermined timings. In this example, the prediction is made at midnight, and it is assumed that a surplus power supply will occur between 8:00 and 15:00, and a demand power supply (i.e., a power shortage) will occur between 17:00 and 22:00. It is also assumed that inexpensive off-peak electricity can be used during the period from nighttime until 7:00.

[0031] It is predicted that neither surplus nor demanded power will be generated during the period from 0:00 to 8:00. Therefore, energy management server 2 will execute planned control. Consequently, energy management server 2 will retain control of each device within HEM10 during this period.

[0032] During the period up to 7:00am, the energy management server 2 uses inexpensive off-peak electricity to perform the following controls. First, the energy management server 2 determines the time for the water heater 11 to heat water. In this example, in order to heat the optimal amount of water by 5:00pm, when demand for electricity is predicted, the energy management server 2 controls the water heater 11 to heat at least a portion of the optimal amount of water using off-peak electricity. Second, the energy management server 2 charges the electric vehicle 12 so that its State of Charge (SOC) reaches a target value at the scheduled departure time of the electric vehicle 12. In this example, in order for the SOC to reach the target SOC (e.g., SOC=80%) at 12:00pm, the scheduled departure time, the energy management server 2 charges the electric vehicle 12 using off-peak electricity to at least an intermediate SOC (e.g., SOC=60%). Third, the energy management server 2 charges the battery 13 using off-peak electricity. The scheduled departure time of the electric vehicle 12 is an example of the "battery usage time" as described in this disclosure.

[0033] It is predicted that surplus power will be generated between 8:00 AM and 3:00 PM. Consequently, there is a high probability that the power receiving end of HEMS 10 will sell the excess power. Therefore, the energy management server 2 will switch power management control from planned control to edge control. Accordingly, during this period, control rights for each device within HEMS 10 will be transferred from the energy management server 2 to the HEMS controller 15.

[0034] The HEM controller 15 controls the actual power consumption of the HEMS 10 (the charging power or total power consumption of each device) to reduce the amount of electricity sold at the receiving end of the HEMS 10, so that it is within the range of surplus power and as close to surplus power as possible. In this example, first, the HEM controller 15 charges the electric vehicle 12 with power equivalent to the remaining SOC from the SOC where charging was stopped midway to the final SOC (for example, the remaining 20% ​​from 60% to 80%) so that the SOC of the electric vehicle 12 reaches the target SOC by the scheduled departure time of the electric vehicle 12. The HEM controller 15 also controls the water heater 11 to heat the remaining hot water (the difference between the optimal amount of hot water and some of the hot water heated using off-peak electricity) using off-peak electricity so that the optimal amount of hot water is heated by 17:00 when demand for electricity arises. Furthermore, the HEM controller 15 charges the battery 13 with the surplus power that cannot be charged or consumed by the water heater 11 and the electric vehicle 12 (the surplus power minus the power consumed by the water heater 11 and the power used to charge the electric vehicle 12).

[0035] It is predicted that neither surplus nor demanded power will be generated during the period from 3 PM to 5 PM. Therefore, the energy management server 2 will switch the power management control back from edge control to planned control. Consequently, the energy management server 2 will regain control of each device within the HEM 10 from the HEM controller 15.

[0036] It is predicted that power demand will occur between 5 PM and 10 PM. Consequently, it is highly likely that electricity will be purchased at the power receiving end of HEMS 10. Therefore, the energy management server 2 will switch power management control back from planned control to edge control. Consequently, during this period, control rights for each device within HEMS 10 will be transferred again from the energy management server 2 to the HEMS controller 15.

[0037] The HEM controller 15 controls the actual power supplied by the HEMS 10 (the sum of the discharge power from each device) so as to be within the range of the demand power and as close as possible to the demand power, in order to reduce the amount of electricity purchased at the receiving end of the HEMS 10. In this example, the HEM controller 15 discharges the battery 13. Although not shown in the diagram, if the electric vehicle 12 has returned from being away, the HEM controller 15 may also discharge the electric vehicle 12.

[0038] It is predicted that neither surplus nor demanded power will be generated during the period from 10 PM to midnight. Therefore, the energy management server 2 will switch the power management control back from edge control to planned control. Consequently, the energy management server 2 will regain control of each device within the HEM 10 from the HEM controller 15.

[0039] Thus, in this embodiment, during periods when surplus or demanded power is expected to occur in the HEMS 10, the power management control for the HEMS 10 is switched from planned control to edge control. As a result, control rights for each device within the HEMS 10 are delegated to the HEMS controller 15. This enables the HEMS controller 15 to control each device within the HEMS 10 while monitoring the actual power at the receiving end of the HEMS 10 in real time. In other words, the HEMS controller 15 can control the power (charging power, power consumption, and / or discharge power) of each device within the HEMS 10 in short time units in response to changes in the power at the receiving end of the HEMS 10. Therefore, according to this embodiment, the self-consumption of the HEMS 10 can be maximized, thereby reducing the amount of electricity bought and sold at the receiving end of the HEMS 10. As a result, electricity costs for the HEMS 10 can be reduced.

[0040] <Switching from edge control to planned control> HEMS10 includes the electric vehicle 12 as a power adjustment resource. During edge control, if the amount of power generated by the PV power generation equipment 14 (which may be other fluctuating natural energy sources) falls below the predicted amount, or if the amount of power consumed by equipment within HEMS10 (equipment other than the electric vehicle 12) falls above the predicted amount, it may not be possible to supply sufficient power to the electric vehicle 12. It is desirable that user convenience is not impaired even if such a situation occurs. Therefore, in this embodiment, the energy management server 2 switches the power management control from edge control to planned control when the conditions are met that take into account the target SOC (target SOC = 80% in the example explained in Figure 2) at the scheduled departure time of the electric vehicle 12.

[0041] Figure 3 illustrates the transition from edge control to planned control. The horizontal axis represents elapsed time. The vertical axis, from top to bottom, represents power, the HEMS 10 operation plan (type of power management control), and the electric vehicle 12's SOC. The operation plan shows the initial operation plan at the start of edge control execution, as well as the updated operation plan following the fulfillment of the above conditions.

[0042] At the initial time t0, planned control is being executed. At time t1, a switch occurs from planned control to edge control. From time t1 onward, the forecast predicts that a large surplus power will be generated by the PV power generation equipment 14, and the SOC of the electric vehicle 12 will rise rapidly, as shown by the dashed line. However, in reality, the PV power generation equipment 14 will not generate sufficient surplus power, and the SOC of the electric vehicle 12 will rise only slowly, as shown by the solid line.

[0043] To prepare for such a situation, the energy management server 2 sets a deadline L, for example, at the start time of edge control execution. The deadline L is a line (a straight line in this example) that passes through the target SOC and represents the hypothetical SOC transition when the electric vehicle 12 is forcibly charged with power supplied from the charging equipment. The slope of the straight line is preferably determined based on the maximum power that the charging equipment can supply and the maximum power that the electric vehicle 12 can accept (control upper limit value Win for charging the battery). The larger these maximum powers are, the steeper the slope of the straight line becomes.

[0044] When the actual State of Charge (SOC) of the electric vehicle 12 crosses the deadline L, the energy management server 2 determines that if edge control is continued any longer, the actual SOC will not reach the target SOC by the scheduled departure time t3 of the electric vehicle 12. Therefore, at time t2, when the actual SOC crosses the deadline L, the energy management server 2 switches the power management control from edge control to planned control. The energy management server 2 then regains control of the electric vehicle 12 (and other devices within the HEM 10) from the HEMS controller 15 and performs forced charging of the electric vehicle 12. This makes it possible to bring the actual SOC to the target SOC by the scheduled departure time t3.

[0045] Figure 3 illustrates a scenario where the surplus power from the PV power generation equipment 14 falls below the predicted amount. However, a scenario where the surplus power from the PV power generation equipment 14 falls above the predicted amount is also possible. In such cases, it is desirable for the energy management server 2 to suspend the SOC of the electric vehicle 12 when the SOC of the electric vehicle 12 reaches the upper limit SOC. By setting the upper limit SOC to the target SOC (or a value close to the target SOC), the actual SOC at the scheduled departure time t3 can be brought closer to the target SOC with greater certainty.

[0046] Furthermore, as the State of Charge (SOC) of the electric vehicle 12 increases and approaches the full charge SOC, it may become difficult to adjust the balance of power supply and demand (DR: Demand Response) using the electric vehicle 12. Therefore, the energy management server 2 may set an upper limit on the SOC of the electric vehicle 12 so that the electric vehicle 12 retains DR capacity (is available for DR). The upper limit on the SOC is set to have a sufficient margin over the full charge SOC.

[0047] <Processing Flow> Figure 4 is a flowchart showing an example of the power management control processing procedure in this embodiment. The processing shown in this flowchart is executed when predetermined conditions are met (for example, at predetermined intervals). Each step is implemented by software processing by the energy management server 2, but may also be implemented by hardware (electrical circuits) located within the energy management server 2. Hereinafter, each step will be abbreviated as S.

[0048] In S1, the energy management server 2 determines whether edge control is being performed on the target HEMS 10. If edge control is not being performed (NO in S1), the energy management server 2 terminates the subsequent processing. If edge control is being performed (YES in S1), the energy management server 2 proceeds to S2.

[0049] In S2, the energy management server 2 determines whether the deadline L has been set. If the deadline L has not been set (NO in S2), the energy management server 2 executes processes S3 to S5 to set the deadline L. If the deadline L has been set (YES in S2), the energy management server 2 skips processes S3 to S5 and proceeds to S6.

[0050] In S3, the energy management server 2 obtains the scheduled departure time of the electric vehicle 12 and the target SOC of the electric vehicle 12. These values ​​may be set by prior user operation or may be estimated based on the user's driving history. The energy management server 2 may obtain these values ​​directly from the electric vehicle 12 through communication with the electric vehicle 12 or via the HEMS controller 15.

[0051] In S4, the energy management server 2 obtains specifications regarding the charging capacity of the charging equipment (typically the maximum power that the charging equipment can supply) and specifications regarding the power receiving capacity of the electric vehicle 12 (the control upper limit value Win for charging the battery). These values ​​may have been collected in advance.

[0052] In S5, the energy management server 2 sets a deadline L based on the scheduled departure time and target SOC of the electric vehicle 12, as well as the specifications of the charging equipment and the electric vehicle 12. This setting method has been explained in Figure 3, so it will not be explained again here.

[0053] If a deadline L is set (after YES in S2 or after the execution of S5), the energy management server 2 obtains the actual SOC of the electric vehicle 12 by communicating with the electric vehicle 12 or the HEMS controller 15 (S6). The energy management server 2 then determines whether the actual SOC trend intersects with the deadline L (whether it falls below the deadline L) (S7).

[0054] If the actual SOC trend does not cross the deadline L (NO in S7), the energy management server 2 maintains the power management control of the target HEMS 10 in edge control mode (S9). In contrast, if the actual SOC trend crosses the deadline L bad If the answer is YES in S7, the energy management server 2 switches the power management control of the target HEMS 10 from edge control to planned control (S8). This completes the series of processes.

[0055] As described above, in this embodiment, the energy management server 2 sets a deadline L indicating the limit of whether the actual SOC can reach the target SOC at the scheduled departure time t3 of the electric vehicle 12, and determines whether the actual SOC progression intersects with the deadline L. If the actual SOC progression intersects with the deadline L, the energy management server 2 terminates edge control, determining that continuing edge control further would lead to an SOC shortage relative to the target SOC, and instead executes planned control. The energy management server 2 then acquires control of the electric vehicle 12 and performs forced charging of the electric vehicle 12. This makes it possible to bring the actual SOC of the electric vehicle 12 to the target SOC. Thus, user convenience can be ensured.

[0056] The embodiments disclosed herein should be considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of this disclosure is indicated by the claims rather than by the description of the embodiments above, and all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the claims are intended to be included. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0057] 1 CEMS, 10 HEMS, 11 water heaters, 12 electric vehicles, 13 storage batteries, 14 PV power generation equipment, 15 HEMS controllers, 2 management servers, 201 processors, 202 memory, 203 communication interfaces, 500 power management systems, 9 power grids.

Claims

1. A power management system for managing power supply and demand in a power grid that includes multiple power adjustment resources, A controller that charges or discharges a corresponding power adjustment resource, which is one of the multiple power adjustment resources mentioned above, The system includes a server which sets power management control by the controller for the corresponding resource, The aforementioned power management control is The server holds control rights over the corresponding resource and controls the corresponding resource based on a predetermined power supply and demand plan. The controller holds the control rights and includes a second control that controls the corresponding resource based on the actual status of the surplus power and demand power of the corresponding resource, The aforementioned resource includes a battery configured to be rechargeable by power supplied from an external charging facility. A power management system in which, during the execution of the second control, if the server predicts that the actual SOC of the battery will be insufficient to the target SOC at the scheduled time of battery use, the power management control switches from the second control to the first control.

2. The power management system according to claim 1, wherein the server, when it is predicted that the actual SOC will be insufficient to the target SOC during the execution of the second control, switches the power management control from the second control to the first control and performs forced charging of the battery from the charging equipment.

3. The power management system according to claim 2, wherein the server predicts the progression of the battery's SOC that can reach the target SOC when the second control is performed, based on the target SOC, and predicts that the actual SOC will be insufficient to reach the target SOC if the actual SOC does not reach the target SOC even when the second control is performed.

4. A power management method for managing power supply and demand in a power grid that includes multiple power adjustment resources, The step includes configuring power management control by a controller for a corresponding resource, which is one of the multiple power adjustment resources, via a server. The aforementioned power management control is The server holds control rights over the corresponding resource and controls the corresponding resource based on a predetermined power supply and demand plan. The controller holds the control rights and includes a second control that controls the corresponding resource based on the actual status of the surplus power and demand power of the corresponding resource, The aforementioned resource includes a battery configured to be rechargeable by power supplied from an external charging facility. A power management method comprising the step of setting, which, during the execution of the second control, is predicted to be insufficient for the actual SOC of the battery to the target SOC at the scheduled time of battery use, by switching the power management control from the second control to the first control.

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