Smart temperature control system to prevent thermal runaway in secondary batteries

Abstract

The battery management system includes a circuit path electrically coupling the battery and the load, a reserve power storage device, a first switch connecting the battery and the reserve power storage device, a second switch connecting the reserve power storage device and the load, a sensor for measuring the temperature of the battery, and a controller in electrical communication with the first switch, the second switch, and the sensor. The controller executes a program to (i) operate the first switch connecting the battery and the reserve power storage device to charge the reserve power storage device with power supplied by the battery over a charging period based on the battery temperature satisfying a threshold, and (ii) operate the second switch to connect the reserve power storage device and the load to supply power from the reserve power storage device to the load after the charging period has ended.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] Cross-reference of related applications This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 070,160, filed on 25 August 2020.

[0002] Statement on federally funded research Not applicable.

[0003] The present invention relates to a system and method for managing the temperature rise of a battery in order to avoid thermal runaway. [Background technology]

[0004] Lithium batteries are becoming the primary power source for electrical systems not connected to the power grid. Due to their high energy density and high voltage, lithium batteries are also attracting attention for use in hybrid vehicles and power grid applications. The performance, efficiency, and lifespan of lithium batteries depend heavily on their operating temperature. Thermal runaway occurs in lithium batteries during the discharge process, causing a faster release of stored energy when an uncontrolled loop forms between heat generation and temperature rise. This can lead to fire or explosion. Basic methods for controlling thermal runaway have involved the use of non-flammable electrolytes, low-reactivity electrodes, and operating conditions. In practice, there are two main methods adapted to control thermal runaway in batteries. The first method is heat source control and thermal resistance control. In heat source control, a cooling device is used to remove heat through a convection process that itself consumes a large amount of energy from the battery or other source. The second method is thermal resistance control, which cannot reduce the rapid temperature rise of the battery.

[0005] What is needed are improved systems and methods for managing the temperature rise of batteries to avoid thermal runaway. [Overview of the project] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0006] The aforementioned needs are met by the system and method for managing the temperature rise of the battery described herein. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a battery management system comprising: a first circuit path for electrically coupling a battery and a load; a backup energy storage device; a second circuit path for electrically coupling the battery and the backup energy storage device; a first switch connected to the second circuit path between the battery and the backup energy storage device; a third circuit path for electrically coupling the backup energy storage device and a load; a second switch connected to the third circuit path between the backup energy storage device and the load; a sensor for measuring the temperature of the battery; and a control unit that electrically communicates with the first switch, the second switch, and the sensor. The control unit (i) activates the first switch to connect the battery and the backup energy storage device, and charges the backup energy storage device with power supplied by the battery over a charging period, based at least part of the battery temperature meeting a threshold; and (ii) after the charging period has expired, activates the second switch to supply power from the backup energy storage device to the load, and executes a program stored in the control unit to connect the backup energy storage device and the load.

[0008] In one embodiment of the battery management system, when the second switch is activated, the backup power storage device supplies power to the load in parallel with the battery. The backup power storage device may include a supercapacitor. The backup power storage device may include a rechargeable battery.

[0009] In one embodiment of the battery management system, the threshold includes a temperature setpoint. The temperature setpoint may be lower than the battery's thermal runaway temperature. The temperature setpoint may be several percent lower than the battery's thermal runaway temperature. The threshold may include a temperature change rate. The temperature change rate can be a predetermined temperature change rate that causes the battery to reach its thermal runaway temperature.

[0010] In one embodiment of the battery management system, there are no switches in the first circuit path that electrically connect the battery and the load.

[0011] In one embodiment of the battery management system, the control unit executes a program stored in the control unit to deactivate a first switch to disconnect the battery and the backup power storage device, and to deactivate a second switch to disconnect the backup power storage device and the load, before charging the backup power storage device over the charging period.

[0012] In one embodiment of the battery management system, the control unit executes a program stored in the control unit to deactivate the first switch and disconnect the battery from the backup power storage device before activating the second switch to connect the backup power storage device to the load.

[0013] In one embodiment of the battery management system, the control unit executes a program stored in the control unit to deactivate the second switch in order to disconnect the backup energy storage device after the energy supply period.

[0014] In one embodiment of a battery management system, the control unit executes a program stored in the control unit to receive the charging period and energy delivery period from a remote computing device.

[0015] In one embodiment of the battery management system, the first current from the battery during the charging period is higher than the second current from the battery during the energy delivery period.

[0016] In one embodiment of a battery management system, the control unit executes a program stored in the control unit to use a machine learning application to determine the optimal duration of the charging period.

[0017] The battery management system may further include a DC-DC converter for converting a first voltage output from the battery management system into a second voltage supplied to the load.

[0018] The battery management system may further include a DC-AC converter that receives a DC voltage output from the battery management system and converts the DC voltage into an AC voltage supplied to the load.

[0019] The battery management system may further include a sensor for measuring the state of charge of the battery.

[0020] The battery management system may further include a sensor for measuring the state of charge in the backup power storage device.

[0021] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a battery management system including a first circuit path electrically coupling a battery and a load, a backup power storage device, a second circuit path electrically coupling the battery and the backup power storage device, a first switch connected to the second circuit path between the battery and the backup power storage device, a third circuit path electrically coupling the backup power storage device and the load, a second switch connected to the third circuit path between the backup power storage device and the load, a sensor for measuring a battery current in the first circuit path, and a control unit in electrical communication with the first switch, the second switch, and the sensor. The control unit: (i) operates the first switch to connect the battery and the backup power storage device and charges the backup power storage device with power supplied by the battery over a charging period based at least in part on the battery current satisfying a threshold; and (ii) after the charging period has ended, operates the second switch to supply power from the backup power storage device to the load and executes a program stored in the control unit to connect the backup power storage device and the load.

[0022] In one embodiment of the battery management system, when the second switch is operated, the backup power storage device supplies power to the load in parallel with the battery. The backup power storage device can include a supercapacitor. The backup power storage device can include a rechargeable battery.

[0023] In one embodiment of the battery management system, the control unit executes a program stored in the control unit to determine the temperature of the battery based on the battery current.

[0024] In one embodiment of the battery management system, the threshold corresponds to a temperature set point. The temperature set point may be lower than the thermal runaway temperature of the battery. The temperature set point may be several percent lower than the thermal runaway temperature of the battery.

[0025] In one embodiment of the battery management system, there is no switch in the first circuit path that electrically couples the battery and the load.

[0026] In one embodiment of the battery management system, before charging the backup power supply over a charging period, the control unit deactivates the first switch to disconnect the battery and the backup power supply, and deactivates the second switch to disconnect the backup power supply and the load, and executes a program stored in the control unit.

[0027] In one embodiment of the battery management system, before activating the second switch to connect the backup power supply and the load, the control unit deactivates the first switch to disconnect the battery and the backup power supply, and executes a program stored in the control unit.

[0028] In one embodiment of the battery management system, when the control unit executes a program stored in the control unit, (iii) after the energy supply period, the control unit deactivates the second switch to disconnect the backup power supply and the load.

[0029] In one embodiment of the battery management system, the control unit executes a program stored in the control unit to receive the charging period and the energy delivery period from a remote computing device.

[0030] In one embodiment of the battery management system, the first current from the battery during the charging period is higher than the second current from the battery during the energy delivery period.

[0031] In one embodiment of the battery management system, the control unit executes a program stored in the control unit to use a machine learning application to determine the optimal length of the charging period.

[0032] The battery management system may further include a DC-DC converter for converting a first voltage output from the battery management system into a second voltage supplied to the load.

[0033] The battery management system may further include a DC-AC converter that receives the DC voltage output from the battery management system and converts the DC voltage into an AC voltage supplied to the load.

[0034] The battery management system can be further equipped with sensors to measure the battery's charge status.

[0035] The battery management system may further include sensors for measuring the charge status of the backup energy storage device.

[0036] In another embodiment, the Disclosure provides a method for operating a battery management system. The method includes determining, via a control unit, that the temperature of a battery has met a temperature threshold based on at least a portion of sensor data received from a sensor measuring the characteristics of the battery, the battery supplying power to a load, and via a control unit, initiating a charging cycle for a backup energy storage device based on at least a portion of the battery temperature meeting the temperature threshold, the battery charging the backup energy storage device, determining, via a control unit, that a first period of the charging cycle has ended, and via a control unit, initiating a delivery cycle for the battery where the backup energy storage device supplies power to a load in parallel with the battery.

[0037] In one embodiment of this method, initiating a charging cycle further includes activating a circuit switch for the battery to supply power to the backup energy storage device.

[0038] In one embodiment of this method, the circuit switch is a first circuit switch, and activating the charging cycle further includes deactivating a second circuit switch.

[0039] In one embodiment of this method, initiating a delivery cycle via the control unit, in which the backup energy storage device supplies power to the load in parallel with the battery, further includes deactivating the first circuit switch.

[0040] In one embodiment of this method, the sensor includes a temperature sensor.

[0041] In one embodiment of this method, the sensor is a current sensor, and the battery characteristic is the battery current supplied by the battery.

[0042] In one embodiment of this method, the backup energy storage device includes a rechargeable battery.

[0043] In one embodiment of this method, the backup energy storage device includes a supercapacitor.

[0044] Many aspects of this disclosure can be better understood by referring to the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, and instead the focus is on clearly illustrating the principles of this disclosure. Furthermore, similar reference numbers in the drawings indicate corresponding parts across several drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0045] [Figure 1A] This is a schematic diagram of an example of battery backup storage for a main battery driving a DC load, according to one embodiment described herein. [Figure 1B] This is a schematic diagram of an example of battery backup storage for a main battery driving a DC load, according to one embodiment described herein. [Figure 2] This is a schematic diagram of a battery management system according to one embodiment described herein. [Figure 3] This flowchart shows an example of a function implemented as part of a temperature control application performed in the control unit of the battery management system shown in Figure 2, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 4A]This is a simulation graph of a battery equipped with a temperature control system and a battery without a temperature control system, according to one embodiment described herein. [Figure 4B] This is a simulation graph of a battery equipped with a temperature control system and a battery without a temperature control system, according to one embodiment described herein. [Figure 4C] This is a simulation graph of a battery equipped with a temperature control system and a battery without a temperature control system, according to one embodiment described herein. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0046] This disclosure of embodiments relates to a system and method for managing the temperature rise of a battery to avoid thermal runaway by using a backup energy storage device such as a supercapacitor or a rechargeable battery. For example, the embodiments can be used to prevent thermal runaway in lithium (Li) batteries and other suitable batteries.

[0047] According to one non-limiting example of the embodiment, the system may include a backup energy storage device (supercapacitor or another battery) and a smart circuit for controlling the charging and discharging cycles of the backup energy storage device. The system may rely on a smart algorithm, thereby allowing the required backup energy storage device to be relatively small in size and volume compared to the main battery. In addition to being a compact solution, the smart control system ensures the efficient use of the backup energy storage and achieves a high energy density within the system.

[0048] The mechanism of charge storage in lithium-ion batteries determines the structure of the battery, particularly the structure of the electrodes. For efficient charge storage and long battery life, the charging process is crucial, and in particular, the current density during the charging cycle must be limited. Otherwise, the electrode structure will be damaged. Such damage can also occur if the battery is overloaded or if a high current flows from the battery for a long period of time. Damaged electrodes can be potentially dangerous to the battery, but the main reason for battery combustion is an effect called thermal runaway that can occur in the exothermic reaction of lithium during the charging process. Thermal runaway occurs when the battery temperature reaches a critical value (T=T). runaway This process begins when the battery temperature reaches a critical point. At that point, the battery temperature continues to rise until the internal combustion engine damages the battery, potentially causing a battery explosion. To avoid thermal runaway, the power consumption inside the battery must be controlled before it reaches a critical temperature. The typical thermal runaway temperature for lithium batteries is 60°C (140°F). (www.rutronik.com / article / detail / News / News / Lithium-ion-batteries-how-can-thermal-runaway-be-prevent)

[0049] A simple solution to avoid thermal runaway is to disconnect the battery from the charger or load when its temperature approaches critical. However, sudden disconnection of a battery is problematic for many applications, such as electric vehicles, drones, military and medical devices. Since the temperature rise is caused by heat dissipation generated by high current passing through the battery's internal resistance (Joule heating), common approaches today to reduce internal resistance are to use over-designed batteries or specially designed batteries that include dispersed electrodes. In either case, the weight and size of the battery can be greater than what is actually required for the application.

[0050] Referring to Figures 1A and 1B, two battery connection configurations for a DC load are shown. The use of a backup battery or supercapacitor has been considered to avoid power interruption when the main battery is shut off before thermal runaway (DOI: 10.1109 / TVLSI.2018.2818758), but simply adding a backup energy storage can significantly increase the weight and size of the energy storage. In this configuration, the main battery is temporarily shut off and cooled while the backup energy storage supplies energy to the load. Figure 1A is a first connection configuration using a backup energy storage for the main battery driving the DC load in alternate mode. In alternate mode, the system can turn on SW1 or SW2 at any time. Figure 1B is a second connection configuration using both the main battery and the backup energy storage while the backup energy storage is driven as a buffer. In both Figures 1A and 1B, SW1 is in open mode, shutting the battery out of the circuit.

[0051] Referring to Figure 2, a schematic diagram of the battery management system 200 is shown. When a temperature threshold is reached, the battery management system 200 may be configured to operate in a pre-charge cycle and a pre-energy delivery cycle. The battery management system 200 may include a control unit 203 and a pre-energy storage device 206. The control unit 203 may be represented by a smart control unit, a control system, a smart control system, and other appropriate computing devices. The pre-energy storage device 206 may be represented by a secondary battery power source such as a small pre-charge battery, a rechargeable battery, a supercapacitor, or other appropriate battery storage device.

[0052] The battery management system 200 also includes a main battery 209, a first current sensor 212, a second current sensor 215, a temperature sensor 218, a load 221, a diode 231, a first circuit path 241 electrically connecting the battery 209 and the load 221, a second circuit path 242 electrically connecting the battery 209 and the backup energy storage device 206, a third circuit path 243 electrically connecting the backup energy storage device 206 and the load 221, a first switch SWA in the second circuit path 242, a second switch SWB in the third circuit path 243, and other appropriate components. The circuit monitors the temperature of the main battery 209 directly or indirectly (through its output current). When the temperature reaches a temperature setpoint or temperature threshold, the control unit 203 activates the backup energy storage device 206 in the circuit. The temperature setpoint can be determined based on the thermal runaway temperature of the main battery 209. For example, the temperature setpoint can be set to a certain extent below the thermal runaway temperature, or even a few percent below the thermal runaway temperature. In some cases, the thermal runaway temperature of a lithium-ion battery may be in the range of 60-80°C. The thermal runaway temperature can vary based on various factors such as the shape and structure of the battery package or its electrodes. Furthermore, the thermal runaway temperature can vary based on the chemical properties of the battery.

[0053] In the illustrated circuit configuration, the control unit 203 can configure a circuit for a first cycle of charging the backup energy storage device 206. In the first cycle (i.e., the backup charging cycle), the control unit 203 turns on a first switch SWA that connects the battery 209 and the backup energy storage device 206 in a second circuit path 242, and turns off a second switch SWB that disconnects the backup energy storage device 206 from the load 221 in a third circuit path 243.

[0054] However, unlike conventional backup systems, the main battery 209 can maintain an electrical connection to the circuit (there is no switch in the first circuit path 241 between the battery and the load). In fact, for a short period of time, the current from the main battery can be increased to charge the backup storage device 206 while still supplying power to the load 221. During the first cycle, after the first period has expired, a second cycle can be performed in which the backup storage device 206, which is in parallel with the main battery 209, can deliver energy to the load 221 and reduce the output current from the main battery 209. In the second cycle for backup energy supply, the control unit 203 turns off the first switch SWA, which disconnects the battery 209 and the backup storage device 206 in the second circuit path 242, and turns on the second switch SWB, which connects the backup storage device 206 and the load 221 in the third circuit path 243. In the first cycle, the temperature rise gradient is higher due to the larger current from the main battery 209, but the lower current in the second cycle allows for a slower temperature rise or even a temperature decrease. The smart algorithm implemented in the control unit 203 (Figure 3) can control the cycle to avoid reaching the critical thermal runaway temperature.

[0055] Referring next to Figure 3, a flowchart is shown that provides an example of some of the operations of the temperature control application 300 according to various embodiments. It should be understood that the flowchart in Figure 3 merely provides examples of many different types of functional configurations that may be used to perform some of the operations of the temperature control application 300 described herein. Alternatively, the flowchart in Figure 3 may be considered to show an example of elements of the method implemented in the control unit 203 of the battery management system 200 (Figure 2) according to one or more embodiments.

[0056] Starting with box 305, the temperature control application 300 can receive a temperature setpoint T0 and / or a temperature change threshold. The temperature setpoint T0 may represent the battery temperature at which the control device 203 operates. The temperature setpoint T0 is below the runaway temperature of the main battery 209. The temperature change threshold may represent the rate of temperature change that causes the runaway temperature of the main battery 209.

[0057] In addition, the battery management system 200 may be configured such that the first and second switches are initially open or off. Furthermore, the battery management system 200 may be configured to determine the optimal time lengths for pre-charging cycles and pre-energy delivery cycles. In some examples, the battery management system 200 can use a machine learning application to determine the optimal time lengths for pre-charging cycles and pre-energy delivery cycles. In other examples, a remote computing device can transmit the optimal time lengths for pre-charging cycles and pre-energy delivery cycles to the battery management system 200.

[0058] In box 308, the temperature management application 300 determines the temperature of the main battery 209. The temperature sensor 218 can measure the temperature of the main battery 209 and provide the temperature data to the control unit 203. From the temperature data, the temperature management application 300 and / or the control unit 203 can determine the temperature of the main battery 209 and / or the rate of temperature change of the main battery 209.

[0059] In box 311, the temperature control application 300 can determine whether the temperature or rate of change of the main battery 209 meets a threshold. For example, the temperature control application 300 can determine whether the temperature of the main battery 209 at 40°C meets a temperature setpoint of 60°C. In this example, the current temperature does not meet or exceed the temperature setpoint. Therefore, the temperature control application 300 proceeds to box 308. In another embodiment, the temperature control application 300 can determine that the rate of change of the main battery is 1°C over one hour. Similarly, the rate of change threshold may be set to a change of 10°C over one hour. Therefore, the temperature control application 300 proceeds to box 308. Alternatively, if the temperature or rate of change exceeds the temperature setpoint or rate of change threshold, the temperature control application 300 proceeds to box 314.

[0060] In box 314, the temperature control application 300 can initiate a pre-charging cycle during the first time period. During the pre-charging cycle, the temperature control application 300 can turn on the first switch (SWA) and keep the second switch (SWB) off. In this circuit configuration, the main battery 209 is charging the pre-charging device 206. The battery current is the load current I Batt >I Load (I Batt =I Load It is higher than +I1). In some cases, the temperature of the main battery 209 may rise more quickly.

[0061] In box 317, the temperature control application 300 can determine whether the first period has expired. If the first period has not expired, the temperature control application 300 returns to box 314. Alternatively, if the first period has ended, the temperature control application 300 proceeds to box 320.

[0062] In box 320, the temperature management application 300 can initiate a reserve energy delivery cycle during a second time period. In the reserve energy delivery cycle, the temperature management application 300 can turn off the first switch (SWA) and turn on the second switch (SWB). In this circuit configuration, the reserve power storage device 206 is supplying current to the load 221 and the main battery 209 is supplying current to the load 221. The battery current is lower than the load current I Batt <I Load (I Batt =I Load -I2), resulting in a slower or decreased temperature rise. The control unit 203 can manage the current for charging the main battery 209.

[0063] Referring to FIGS. 4A - 4C, simulation graphs of a battery without a temperature management system and a battery with a temperature management system are shown. The simulation graphs show that by controlling the cycle of the combination of the main battery and the reserve power storage, a lower overall temperature can be achieved during an extended time of using the battery at a high level of current.

[0064] According to various embodiments, the battery management system 200 can include a reserve energy accumulator. Reserve energy storage can be used to avoid thermal runaway in a rechargeable battery. The reserve energy storage device may be a rechargeable battery or a supercapacitor. The battery management system 200 can include a control unit 203, and the control unit 203 can include one or more temperature sensors for measuring the main battery temperature. The control unit can also include a first current sensor for measuring the first current from the main battery and a second current sensor for measuring the second current supplied to the load. The control unit can also include a first programmable / self - regulating current source and a second programmable / self - regulating current source. Two programmable / self - regulated current sources can be used to charge the reserve power storage device and recover energy from the reserve power storage device.

[0065] The control unit 203 may include one or more sensors for measuring the charge status of the main battery 209 and the backup energy storage device 206. The control unit 203 may be used to operate one or more switches for configuring the battery management system 200 in order to charge the backup energy storage device 206 or to deliver energy from the backup energy storage device to the load 221 in parallel with the main battery 209. The control unit 203 may be configured to repeat multiple pre-charging cycles and pre-delivery energy cycles in order to control the temperature of the main battery 209.

[0066] The control unit 203 may be configured to protect the main battery 209 both during the pre-energy storage charging cycle and in the cycle pre-energy storage device 206 that delivers energy. The two-cycle combination controls the rate of temperature rise in the main battery by reducing the supply current in the second cycle.

[0067] The control unit 203 may be electrically coupled at its output to a DC-DC converter in order to match the voltage at its output to the load voltage. Thus, the DC-DC converter receives a first voltage output from the battery management system 200, converts the first voltage to a second voltage, and the second voltage is then supplied to the load 221. Furthermore, the control unit 203 may be electrically coupled at its output to a DC-AC converter for direct connection to an AC load. Thus, the DC-AC converter receives a DC voltage output from the battery management system 200, converts the DC voltage to an AC voltage, and the AC voltage is then supplied to the load 221.

[0068] Therefore, the present invention provides a system and method for managing the temperature rise of a battery to avoid thermal runaway by using a supercapacitor or a backup battery.

[0069] Unless otherwise specified, branching language such as “at least one of X, Y, or Z” is generally understood, in context, to indicate that an item, term, etc., may be X, Y, Z, or any combination thereof (e.g., X, Y, and / or Z). Therefore, such disjunctions are not generally intended, nor should they be, to require, that a particular embodiment requires the presence of at least one of X, at least one of Y, or at least one of Z, respectively.

[0070] In light of the principles and exemplary embodiments described and illustrated herein, it will be recognized that exemplary embodiments can be modified in arrangement and detail without departing from such principles. Furthermore, while the foregoing description focuses on specific embodiments, other configurations are also contemplated. In particular, expressions such as “in one embodiment” and “in another embodiment” used herein generally refer to the possibility of embodiments and are not intended to limit the invention to the configuration of a particular embodiment. Where used herein, these terms may refer to the same or different embodiments that can be combined with other embodiments. In principle, any embodiment referenced herein can be freely combined with any one or more other embodiments referenced herein, and any number of features of different embodiments can be combined with each other unless otherwise indicated.

[0071] Although the present invention is described in considerable detail with reference to specific embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that the embodiments are presented for illustrative purposes only and not for limitation, and may be used in alternative embodiments to those described. For example, the piezoelectric film may be coated on the metal anode surface rather than on the separator surface. Accordingly, the appended claims should not be limited to the description of the embodiments contained herein.

Claims

1. A first circuit path electrically connects the battery and the load, Backup energy storage device, A second circuit path electrically connects the battery and the backup power storage device, Between the battery and the backup power storage device, a first switch connected to the second circuit path, A third circuit path electrically connects the aforementioned backup energy storage device and the load, Between the aforementioned backup energy storage device and the load, a second switch connected to the third circuit path, A sensor for measuring the temperature of the aforementioned battery and A control unit that electrically communicates with the first switch, the second switch, and the sensor, Equipped with, The control unit, (i) Activate the first switch to connect the battery and the backup power storage device, and charge the backup power storage device with the power supplied by the battery over a charging period, based at least part of the fact that the temperature of the battery meets the threshold, (ii) After the charging period has expired, the second switch is activated to supply power from the backup power storage device to the load, and the backup power storage device and the load are connected. The control unit executes the program stored in the control unit. Battery management system.

2. The battery management system according to claim 1, wherein when the second switch is activated, the backup power storage device supplies the power to the load in parallel with the battery.

3. The battery management system according to claim 1, wherein the backup energy storage device comprises a supercapacitor.

4. The battery management system according to claim 1, wherein the backup power storage device comprises a rechargeable battery.

5. The battery management system according to claim 1, wherein the threshold includes a temperature setpoint.

6. The battery management system according to claim 5, wherein the temperature setting point is lower than the thermal runaway temperature of the battery.

7. The battery management system according to claim 5, wherein the temperature setting point is several percent lower than the thermal runaway temperature of the battery.

8. The battery management system according to claim 1, wherein the threshold includes the rate of temperature change.

9. The battery management system according to claim 8, wherein the rate of temperature change is a predetermined rate of temperature change that causes the battery to reach a thermal runaway temperature.

10. The battery management system according to claim 1, wherein the first circuit path does not contain a switch for electrically coupling the battery and the load.

11. The control unit, During the aforementioned charging period, before charging the backup energy storage device, By deactivating the first switch, the battery and the backup power storage device are disconnected. In order to deactivate the second switch and disconnect the backup power storage device and the load, The program stored in the control unit is executed. The battery management system according to claim 1.

12. The control unit, Before activating the second switch to connect the backup power storage device and the load, deactivate the first switch to disconnect the battery and the backup power storage device. The program stored in the control unit is executed. The battery management system according to claim 1.

13. The control unit, (iii) After the energy supply period, in order to disconnect the backup energy storage device and the load, deactivate the second switch, The control unit executes the program stored in the control unit. The battery management system according to claim 12.

14. The control unit, In order to receive the aforementioned charging period and the aforementioned energy supply period from the remote computing device, The control unit executes the program stored in the control unit. Claim 13: A battery management system for the device.

15. The battery management system according to claim 13, wherein the first current from the battery during the charging period is higher than the second current from the battery during the energy supply period.

16. The control unit, To determine the optimal duration of the aforementioned charging period, a machine learning application is used. The control unit executes the program stored in the control unit. The battery management system according to claim 1.

17. The battery management system according to claim 1, further comprising a DC-DC converter for converting a first voltage output from the battery management system into a second voltage supplied to the load.

18. The battery management system according to claim 1, further comprising a DC-AC converter for receiving a DC voltage output from the battery management system and converting the DC voltage into an AC voltage supplied to the load.

19. The battery management system according to claim 1, further comprising a sensor for measuring the charge state of the battery.

20. The battery management system according to claim 1, further comprising a sensor for measuring the charge state of the backup energy storage device.

21. A first circuit path electrically connects the battery and the load, Backup energy storage device, A second circuit path electrically connects the battery and the backup power storage device, Between the battery and the backup power storage device, a first switch connected to the second circuit path, A third circuit path electrically connects the aforementioned backup energy storage device and the load, Between the aforementioned backup energy storage device and the load, a second switch connected to the third circuit path, A sensor for measuring the battery current in the first circuit path and A control unit that electrically communicates with the first switch, the second switch, and the sensor, Equipped with, The control unit, (i) Activate the first switch to connect the battery and the backup power storage device, and based on at least part of the fact that the battery current satisfies a threshold, charge the backup power storage device with the power supplied by the battery over a charging period, (ii) After the charging period has expired, the second switch is activated to supply power from the backup power storage device to the load, and the backup power storage device and the load are connected. The control unit executes the program stored in the control unit. Battery management system.

22. The battery management system according to claim 1, wherein when the second switch is activated, the backup power storage device supplies the power to the load in parallel with the battery.

23. The battery management system according to claim 21, wherein the backup energy storage device comprises a supercapacitor.

24. The battery management system according to claim 21, wherein the backup power storage device comprises a rechargeable battery.

25. The control unit, In order to determine the temperature of the battery based on the battery current, The control unit executes the program stored in the control unit. The battery management system according to claim 21.

26. The battery management system according to claim 25, wherein the threshold corresponds to a temperature setpoint.

27. The battery management system according to claim 26, wherein the temperature setting point is lower than the thermal runaway temperature of the battery.

28. The battery management system according to claim 26, wherein the temperature setting point is several percent lower than the thermal runaway temperature of the battery.

29. The battery management system according to claim 21, wherein there is no switch in the first circuit path that electrically connects the battery and the load.

30. The control unit, During the aforementioned charging period, before charging the backup energy storage device, By deactivating the first switch, the battery and the backup power storage device are disconnected. In order to deactivate the second switch and disconnect the backup power storage device and the load, The control unit executes the program stored in the control unit. The battery management system according to claim 21.

31. The control unit, Before activating the second switch to connect the backup power storage device and the load, 1. In order to deactivate the switch and disconnect the battery and the backup power storage device, The control unit executes the program stored in the control unit. The battery management system according to claim 21.

32. The control unit, (iii) After the energy supply period, in order to disconnect the backup energy storage device and the load, deactivate the second switch, The control unit executes the program stored in the control unit. The battery management system according to claim 31.

33. The control unit, In order to receive the aforementioned charging period and the aforementioned energy supply period from the remote computing device, The control unit executes the program stored in the control unit. Claim 32: A battery management system for the device.

34. The battery management system according to claim 32, wherein the first current from the battery during the charging period is higher than the second current from the battery during the energy supply period.

35. The control unit, To determine the optimal duration of the aforementioned charging period, a machine learning application is used. The control unit executes the program stored in the control unit. The battery management system according to claim 21.

36. The battery management system according to claim 21, further comprising a DC-DC converter for converting a first voltage output from the battery management system into a second voltage supplied to the load.

37. The battery management system according to claim 21, further comprising a DC-AC converter for receiving a DC voltage output from the battery management system and converting the DC voltage into an AC voltage supplied to the load.

38. The battery management system according to claim 21, further comprising a sensor for measuring the charge state of the battery.

39. The battery management system according to claim 21, further comprising a sensor for measuring the charge state of the backup power storage device.

40. The control unit determines, based on at least a portion of the sensor data received from a sensor that measures the characteristics of the battery, that the temperature of the battery has met a temperature threshold, and the battery supplies power to a load. The control unit initiates a charging cycle for the backup power storage device based on at least a portion of the battery temperature satisfying the temperature threshold, wherein the battery charges the backup power storage device. The control unit determines that the first period of the charging cycle has expired. The control unit initiates a delivery cycle in which the backup power storage device supplies power to the load in parallel with the battery. A method for operating a battery management system, including the following.

41. Initiating the charging cycle involves activating the circuit switch for the battery, The method according to claim 40, further comprising supplying power to the aforementioned backup power storage device.

42. The circuit switch is a first circuit switch, Initiating the aforementioned charging cycle does not activate the second circuit switch connecting the backup energy storage device and the load. The method according to claim 41, further comprising the following:

43. The method according to claim 42, wherein initiating the delivery cycle via the control unit, in which the backup power storage device supplies power to the load in parallel with the battery, further includes deactivating the first circuit switch.

44. The method according to claim 40, wherein the sensor comprises a temperature sensor.

45. The sensor includes a current sensor, The characteristic of the aforementioned battery is the battery current supplied by the aforementioned battery. The method according to claim 40.

46. The method according to claim 40, wherein the backup power storage device comprises a rechargeable battery.

47. The method according to claim 40, wherein the backup energy storage device comprises a supercapacitor.

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