Nutritional bars for mimicking intermittent fasting

Abstract

Nutrition bars used in intermittent fasting-mimicking diets include any combination of macadamia nuts, honey, pecans, almonds, almond butter, coconut, inulin, flaxseed, coconut oil, cocoa derivatives, and coconut flour. Characteristically, the nutrition bars, which are 40% or more fat, provide 100-300 kcal, of which 40 percent kcal is from fat, 10-30 percent kcal is from carbohydrates, and less than 10 grams of protein.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Cross - Reference to Related Applications This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 758,033, filed on November 9, 2018, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] The present invention generally relates to the components of a fasting - mimicking diet nutritional bar that provides nutrients to a subject. In another aspect, the present invention relates to a nutritional bar containing 40% or more fat.

Background Art

[0003] Recently, fasting - mimicking diets have been found to provide many health benefits. For example, fasting - mimicking diets are useful not only for metabolic health (such as body weight, age - related marker groups, inflammatory marker groups, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and hypertension, etc.), but also for alleviating symptoms caused by chemotherapy and improving Alzheimer's disease.

[0004] U.S. Patent Application No. 15 / 432,803 provides a diet package designed to provide daily food components to a subject according to a fasting - mimicking diet. This diet package includes various components that mimic fasting, such as soup mixes, nutritional bars, and crackers. Although the conventional fasting - mimicking diet components function well, there is a desire for compositions with improved formulations and appealing taste characteristics.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need for a new nutritional bar for intermittent fasting or for use in the fasting - mimicking diet.

Summary of the Invention

[0006] Against this backdrop of prior art, a nutrition bar for fasting or fasting mimicry is provided. The nutrition bar includes any combination of the following: macadamia nuts, honey, pecans, almonds, almond butter, coconut, inulin, flaxseed, coconut flour, coconut oil, and cocoa derivatives. The nutrition bar provides 100–300 kcal, of which at least 40 percent kcal comes from fat and 10–30 percent kcal comes from carbohydrates containing less than 10 grams of protein. It should be recognized that the nutrition bar provides 25–38 weight percent of the recommended daily value of fat ("the daily value") (e.g., the nutritional requirements based on a 2000 kcal daily diet as used by the UK Department of Health and the European Food Safety Authority of the European Union as of November 1, 2019) and 1–10 weight percent kcal of the recommended daily value of carbohydrates. In one example of adjustment, the recommended daily intake is 65g of fat and 280g of carbohydrates.

[0007] In another embodiment, a method of intermittent fasting is provided. The method comprises a 12-24 hour fasting step in which the subject consumes a nutrition bar over a predetermined number of meals. Details of the nutrition bar are described in this disclosure. In particular, the nutrition bar includes any combination of the following: macadamia nuts, honey, pecans, almonds, almond butter, coconut, inulin, cocoa-derived products, flaxseed, and coconut flour. Characteristically, the nutrition bar provides 100-300 kcal, of which 40 percent kcal comes from fat, 10-30 percent kcal comes from carbohydrates, and less than 10 grams of protein.

[0008] In another variation, a method for administering a fasting mimic diet is provided. The method includes the step of identifying a subject who requires a fasting mimic diet. The subject is then provided with a fasting mimic diet in which less than 10 percent of the calories come from a protein source. The fasting mimic diet provides less than 50 percent of the subject's normal calorie intake, with more than 50 percent of the kilocalories coming from fat. Characteristically, the fasting mimic diet includes the nutrition bar described above. As described above, the nutrition bar includes any combination of the following: macadamia nuts, honey, pecans, almonds, almond butter, coconut, inulin, cocoa-derived products, flaxseed, and coconut flour. Characteristically, the nutrition bar provides 100-300 kcal, of which 40 percent kcal comes from fat, 10-30 percent kcal comes from carbohydrates, and less than 10 grams of protein. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0009] To further understand the nature, purpose, and merits of this disclosure, please refer to the following detailed description, which should be read in conjunction with the following drawings. Here, similar reference numerals indicate similar elements.

[0010] [Figure 1] Figure 1 shows an exemplary nutritional information table for a fasting nutrition bar. [Figure 2] Figure 2 shows an illustrative nutritional information table for a fasting nutrition bar containing nut and cocoa-derived ingredients. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0011] Where necessary, detailed embodiments of the invention are disclosed herein; however, the disclosed embodiments should be understood as merely illustrative embodiments of the invention, which can be embodied in various alternative forms. The figures are not necessarily to scale; some features may be exaggerated or minimized to illustrate the details of certain components. Thus, the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein should not be construed as limiting, but merely as representative grounds for teaching those skilled in the art how to use the invention in various ways.

[0012] Unless explicitly stated in the examples or other interpretations, all numerical values ​​in this disclosure indicating quantities of materials or conditions of reaction and / or use should be understood as being modified by the word "about" when describing the broadest scope of the invention. It is generally preferred to carry out the work within the limits described.

[0013] Furthermore, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the following shall apply: In relation to the present invention, when a group or type of material is described as suitable or preferred for a certain purpose, it is understood that a mixture of any two or more elements belonging to that group or type is equally suitable or preferred. The descriptions of constituent components using chemical terminology describe the components when added to any combination described in this disclosure, and do not necessarily preclude chemical interactions between the constituent components in a mixture once it has been mixed. The initial definition of an acronym or other abbreviation shall apply to all subsequent instances of the same abbreviation in this disclosure, and shall also apply mutatis mutandis to the ordinary grammatical derivatives of the initially defined abbreviation. Unless otherwise explicitly stated, the measurement of a characteristic shall be performed using the same technique described earlier or later for the same characteristic.

[0014] Furthermore, since the specific components and / or states may change, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments and methods described below. Moreover, the terms used herein are used solely for the purpose of describing specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit it in any sense.

[0015] Furthermore, it should be noted that, as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" also encompass multiple subjects unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. For example, when a component is described in the singular form, it is intended to encompass multiple components.

[0016] The term "comprising" is synonymous with "including," "having," "containing," or "characterized by." These terms are open terms, including endpoints, and do not exclude any additional elements or method steps not described.

[0017] The phrase "consisting of" excludes any element, step, or component not specified in the claim. If the phrase appears in a section of the claim body rather than immediately following the preamble, it limits the elements to those described in that section only, and does not exclude other elements from the claim as a whole.

[0018] The phrase "consisting essentially of" limits the scope of the claim to materials or steps described, and any materials or steps that do not substantially affect the basic and novel features or set of features of the subject matter described in the claim.

[0019] With respect to the terms “comprising,” “consisting of,” and “consisting essentially of,” if any of these three terms is used herein, the subject matter disclosed and described in the claims may include the use of any of the other two terms.

[0020] It should also be understood that an integer range explicitly includes all integers that lie between it. For example, the integer range 1–10 explicitly includes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. Similarly, the range 1–100 includes 1, 2, 3, 4, ... 97, 98, 99, and 100. Similarly, when a range is referred to, an intermediate number(s) whose increment is the difference between the upper and lower limits divided by 10 can be used as an alternative upper or lower limit. For example, if the range is 1.1–2.1, the following numbers can be selected as the lower or upper limit: 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, and 2.0. In the specific examples described herein, concentrations, temperatures, and reaction conditions (e.g., pressure, pH, etc.) may be carried out at plus or minus 50 percent of the values ​​shown, rounded to three significant figures. In one example of adjustment, the concentration, temperature, and reaction conditions (e.g., pressure, pH, etc.) may be plus or minus 30 percent of the values ​​provided in the example, rounded to three significant figures. In another example of adjustment, the concentration, temperature, and reaction conditions (e.g., pH, etc.) may be plus or minus 10 percent of the values ​​provided in the example, rounded to three significant figures.

[0021] In the examples described herein, the composition, concentration, temperature, and reaction conditions (e.g., pressure, pH, flow rate, etc.) may be plus or minus 50 percent of the values ​​provided in the examples, which have been rounded or truncated to two significant figures. In one example of adjustment, the concentration, temperature, and reaction conditions (e.g., pressure, pH, flow rate, etc.) may be plus or minus 30 percent of the values ​​provided in the examples, which have been rounded or truncated to two significant figures. In another example of adjustment, the concentration, temperature, and reaction conditions (e.g., pressure, pH, flow rate, etc.) may be plus or minus 10 percent of the values ​​provided in the examples, which have been rounded or truncated to two significant figures.

[0022] The term "subject" means animals or humans, including all mammals such as primates (especially higher primates), sheep, dogs, rodents (e.g., mice or rats), guinea pigs, goats, pigs, cats, rabbits, and cattle.

[0023] The term "fasting-mimicking fortified diet" typically means a diet that mimics the effects of fasting by providing an amount of calories that is 50% or less of the subject's normal calorie intake. The term "fasting-mimicking fortified diet" may simply be referred to as "fasting-mimicking diet". Examples of such diets include those that have been previously referred to as fasting-mimicking diets. Examples of useful fasting-mimicking fortified diets in the context of the present invention, as well as methods for monitoring the effects of these diets on markers such as IGF-1 and IGFBP1, are described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2014 / 0328863, published November 6, 2014; U.S. Patent Publication No. 2015 / 0133370, published May 14, 2015; U.S. Patent Publication No. 2011 / 0118528, published May 19, 2011; U.S. Patent Publication No. 2013 / 0045215, published February 21, 2013; U.S. Patent Publication No. 2013 / 0316948, published November 28, 2013; U.S. Patent No. 10,015,980, issued July 10, 2018; U.S. Patent No. 9,237,761, issued January 19, 2016; U.S. Patent No. 9,386,790, issued July 12, 2016; and U.S. Patent No. 10,172,839, issued January 8, 2019, the disclosures of which patents are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. The fasting-mimicking diets described in U.S. Patent Nos. 10,015,980 and 9,237,761 have been found to be particularly useful in the context of the present invention.

[0024] One embodiment of the present invention provides a nutrition bar for use in a fasting mimic diet. The “nutrition bar” may be referred to as the “fasting bar.” The nutrition bar comprises any combination of the following: macadamia nuts, pecans, almonds, almond meal, almond butter (formed from raw or dried onions), coconut, inulin, flaxseed, cocoa-derived ingredients, and coconut flour. In one modification, the nutrition bar comprises any three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten of these ingredients. In one variation, the nutrition bar comprises macadamia nuts, honey, pecans, almonds or almond meal, almond butter, inulin, flaxseed or flaxseed meal, and coconut flour. In one modification, the nutrition bar further comprises coconut and / or coconut oil. In one further modification, the nutrition bar further comprises cocoa-derived ingredients. It should be understood that the description of each ingredient also includes some of the ingredients which may be crushed, chopped, and / or dried. For example, the descriptions of macadamia nuts, honey, pecans, almonds, coconuts, and flaxseeds include some of such ingredients, namely, shelled nuts and coconuts.

[0025] In one variation, the nutrition bar is a fasting-mimicking “meal replacement” bar or fasting-mimicking “light meal” bar that can replace breakfast, lunch, or dinner.

[0026] Typically, the almond meal and / or other nut components may be roasted (e.g., in a convection oven). In certain adaptations, the cacao-derived substances include cacao mass, cacao powder, cacao butter, cacao nibs, and combinations thereof. In certain adaptations, the nutrition bar includes a component selected from the group consisting of oleoresin, rosemary, vanilla powder, and combinations thereof. In certain adaptations, each nutrition bar provides 100 to 300 kcal. Characteristically, the nutrition bar provides 25 to 38 weight percent of the recommended daily dietary value of fat (e.g., based on the nutritional requirements for a 2000 kcal diet as used by the UK Department of Health and the European Food Safety Authority of the European Union on November 1, 2019) and 1 to 10 weight percent kcal of the recommended daily dietary value of carbohydrates.

[0027] In some formulations, the nutrition bar contains, in order of increasing preference, 40% by weight or more, 45% by weight or more, 50% by weight or more, 60% by weight or more, or 70% by weight or more of fat, and, in order of increasing preference, 65% by weight or less, 75% by weight or less, 85% by weight or less, 90% by weight or less, or 95% by weight or less of fat. In some formulations, the nutrition bar contains, in order of increasing preference, 1% by weight or more, 5% by weight or more, 10% by weight or more, 12% by weight or more, or 15% by weight or more of carbohydrates, and, in order of increasing preference, 30% by weight or less, 25% by weight or less, 22% by weight or less, 20% by weight or less, or 18% by weight or less of carbohydrates. Unless otherwise stated, all percentages are weight percentages of the total weight of the nutrition bar. In another example of a modified formula, each nutrition bar contains, in order of increasing preference, 1 gram or more, 2 grams or more, 3 grams or more, 4 grams or more, or 5 grams or more of fat, and in order of increasing preference, 10 grams or less, 12 grams or less, 13 grams or less, 14 grams or less, or 15 grams or less of fat. In another example of a modified formula, each nutrition bar contains, in order of increasing preference, 1 gram or more, 2 grams or more, 5 grams or more, 8 grams or more, or 10 grams or more of carbohydrates, and in order of increasing preference, 20 grams or less, 18 grams or less, 15 grams or less, 13 grams or less, or 12 grams or less of carbohydrates. In another example of a modified formula, each nutrition bar contains, in order of increasing preference, 1 gram or more, 2 grams or more, 3 grams or more, 4 grams or more, or 5 grams or more of protein, and in order of increasing preference, 25 grams or less, 20 grams or less, 15 grams or less, 10 grams or less, or 8 grams or less of protein. It should be understood that all modifications and adjustments described herein are interchangeable.

[0028] In one variation, the nutrition bar further contains salt (e.g., sea salt). Sea salt refers to salt obtained by the evaporation of seawater. The main component of sea salt is sodium chloride, with other salts such as calcium, potassium, and magnesium salts of chloride and sulfate ions present in amounts of less than 0.2% to 10%. In one modification, the nutrition bar may or may not further contain coconut oil. Characteristically, the components of the nutrition bar are held together by a thick, viscous liquid component such as almond butter, honey, and coconut. In this respect, the almond butter is the most viscous component (e.g., almond butter paste), thereby providing most of the cohesive force that holds the components together.

[0029] In one modification example, the nutrition bar further contains flavorings, mixed tocopherols, anhydrous citric acid, and ascorbic acid. Figures 1 and 2 provide an example of a nutritional information table for the nutrition bar. In some modifications, the values ​​shown in Figures 1 and 2 are rounded down to two significant figures, and the modifications are carried out within + / - 20 percent of the values ​​shown. Tables 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 provide exemplary compositional ranges. In some modifications, the endpoints of the ranges shown in Tables 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 can be multiplied by 1.5 or 2. Typically, the weight of the nutrition bar is 40–50 grams or 90–110 grams. Nutrition bar composition 1 [Table 1] Nutrition bar composition 2 [Table 2] Nutrition bar composition 3 [Table 3] Nutrition bar composition 4 [Table 4] Nutrition bar composition 5 [Table 5]

[0030] Nutrition bars are formulated to mimic fasting in order to improve metabolic health related to body mass index (BMI), cholesterol, and blood glycemic index. Nutrition bars are formulated to simulate one or more meals per day as part of an intermittent fasting mimic diet. Nutrition bars may be used in conjunction with the practice of time-restricted feeding (also known as time-restricted eating). Time-restricted feeding has been shown to have many health benefits, such as improvements in insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and oxidative stress. See, for example, Sutton et al., Cell Metabolism 27, 1212-1221, June 5, 2018; Amandine et al, Cell Metab., 20(6):991-1005, 2014 December 2; Longo, Cell Metab. 23(6):1048-1059, June 14, 2016; and Shubhroz, Cell Metab, 22(5):789-798, November 3, 2015. Nutritional bars allow individuals to extend an overnight fast without the health risks associated with skipping breakfast. See, for example, Sharma K et al., QJM, 111(10):715-719, 2018 October 1, and Penalvo (with a tilde on the third n) et al., JACC, 70(15):1833-1842, 2017 October 10. The disclosures of these publications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0031] Nutrition bars also supplement an individual's daily nutrition. Nutrition bars are preferably consumed as part of a meal. When practicing time-restricted feeding, individuals consume meals once, twice, or three times a day. Generally, individuals eat nutrition bars to achieve 12, 18, or 24-hour intermittent fasting. Time-restricted feeding reduces the amount of time an individual consumes calories and increases the amount of time they spend fasting.

[0032] In another embodiment, the nutrition bar may be manufactured by weighing and (if necessary) pre-mixing all the raw materials. The materials are placed in a large container and blended to ensure homogeneous mixing. Once the materials are mixed, the blend is pressed and compressed (thickened) to form a flat sheet of the mixed materials. In one modified example, the materials are bonded together and can at least partially interact with each other. The sheet of mixed materials is then cut to a predetermined size and allowed to dry to form the finished nutrition bar. The nutrition bar is then packaged in a foil sleeve and may be sealed with a cold seal or a heat seal.

[0033] As described above, the nutrition bar is advantageously integrated into a fasting mimic diet as described in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2018 / 0228198, published on August 16, 2018. U.S. Patent Publication No. 2018 / 0228198 is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Typically, a dietary package for administering a fasting mimic diet is provided, the dietary package may include the nutrition bar described above instead of the nutrition bar described in the U.S. Patent Publication. The fasting mimic diet package provides a daily portion of a diet for a predetermined number of days. Typically, the predetermined number of days is 1 to 10 days (i.e., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 days). In a particularly useful variant, the predetermined number of days is 5 or 6 days. In some variations, the fasting mimic diet described herein is provided to subjects at 75% or less, 50% or less, 40% or less, 30% or less, or 10% or less of the subject's normal calorie intake or recommended daily calorie intake, in order of increasing preference. In one adjustment, the fasting mimic diet is provided at 5% or more, 10% or more, or 20% or more of the subject's normal calorie intake or recommended daily calorie intake, in order of increasing preference. However, if the fasting mimic diet composition is maintained, based on our current and prior knowledge, partial disease prevention and treatment effects can be expected even when subjects are provided with 100% of their normal calorie intake. The subject's normal calorie intake is the number of kcal that the subject consumes to maintain their body weight. The subject's normal calorie intake may be estimated by interviewing the subject or by considering the subject's body weight. As a rough guideline, the normal calorie intake of subjects is, on average, 2600 kcal / day for men and 1850 kcal / day for women. In one example, the fasting mimic diet provides subjects with 700–1200 kcal / day. In a particularly useful modified example, the fasting mimic diet provides approximately 1100 kcal / day to male subjects of average weight and 900 kcal / day to female subjects of average weight. In some variations, the diet from the diet package is administered over several consecutive days.In another variation, the daily portioned meal is provided only one day per week for a period of more than one month.

[0034] In one embodiment, as described above, the fasting mimicry meal package provides a predetermined number of daily portioned meals. The fasting mimicry meal package includes a kale cracker composition, a first vegetable soup composition, a mushroom soup composition, a tomato soup composition, a quinoa-containing minestrone soup composition, a bean-containing minestrone soup composition, and a pumpkin soup composition. Characteristically, the daily portioned meals are packaged individually or the entire daily portion is packaged together for later distribution into individual meals. In one modified example, the fasting mimicry meal package further includes the above-mentioned nutrition bar (e.g., a cocoa-containing nutrition bar), a first olive-containing composition, a first vegetable broth composition, a tea composition containing spearmint, an energy drink composition, a micronutrient composition, and an algae oil composition. In a further modified example, the fasting mimicry meal package further includes a second olive-containing composition, a second vegetable broth composition, a tea composition containing spearmint, lemon peel, and lemongrass, and a tea composition containing hibiscus.

[0035] In one modified embodiment of the above, the fasting mimicry meal package provides less than 40 grams of sugar on Day 1, less than 30 grams of sugar on Days 2-5 and the remaining days (if present), less than 28 grams of protein on Day 1, less than 18 grams of protein on Days 2-5 and the remaining days (if present), 20-30 grams of monounsaturated fat or more to reach the desired calorie intake (i.e., a predetermined calorie intake) on Day 1, 6-10 grams of polyunsaturated fat or more to reach the desired calorie intake on Day 1, and to reach the desired calorie intake on Day 1. The daily portion of food provides 2 to 12 grams of saturated fat or more to reach the desired calorie intake on Day 2 to Day 5 and (if present) the remaining days, 10 to 15 grams of monounsaturated fat or more to reach the desired calorie intake on Day 2 to Day 5 and (if present) the remaining days, 3 to 5 grams of polyunsaturated fat or more to reach the desired calorie intake on Day 2 to Day 5 and (if present) the remaining days, 1 to 6 grams of saturated fat or more to reach the desired calorie intake on Day 2 to Day 5 or (if present) the remaining days, and micronutrient compositions on each day and (if present) the remaining days.

[0036] In another variation of the above embodiment, the fasting mimicry diet package includes a daily portioned meal that provides 8–10 kcal per kilogram of body weight for each meal day. In this variation, the fasting mimicry diet provides less than 30 grams of sugar per meal day, less than 18 grams of protein per meal day, 9–15 grams of monounsaturated fat or more to reach the desired calorie intake per meal day, 2.5–4.5 grams of polyunsaturated fat or more to reach the desired calorie intake per meal day, and 1–5.5 grams of saturated fat or more to reach the desired calorie intake per meal day. The higher levels of fat mentioned above can be provided for higher FMD formulations that provide the subject with up to 100% of their normal calorie intake.

[0037] In another variation, a method for administering a fasting mimic diet is provided. The method includes the step of identifying a subject who requires a fasting mimic diet. Subjects requiring a fasting mimic diet may have diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and / or Alzheimer's disease. Further subjects requiring a fasting mimic diet may be obese subjects who require weight loss or adjustment of their lipid panel, or subjects who have cancer and are undergoing chemotherapy. The subject is then provided with a fasting mimic diet in which calories from protein sources are less than approximately 10 percent. In one modified example, the fasting mimic diet is provided in the form of the diet package described above. The fasting mimic diet provides less than 50% of the subject's normal calorie intake, but more than 50% of the kilocalories are derived from fat. Characteristically, the fasting mimic diet includes the nutrition bar described above. As described above, the nutrition bar includes any combination of macadamia nuts, honey, pecans, almonds, almond butter, coconut, inulin, cocoa-derived ingredients, flaxseed, and coconut flour. Characteristically, the nutrition bar provides 100–300 kcal, of which 40 percent comes from fat, 10–30 percent from carbohydrates, and less than 10 grams of protein. In one modified example, the fasting-mimicking diet provides the subject with approximately 300–1200 kcal per day. In another modified example, the method further includes a step of monitoring the subject's glucose and / or IGF-1 levels.

[0038] In one modified case, the fasting-mimicking diet is administered to the subject over a first period of 1 to 14 days (i.e., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, or 14 days).

[0039] In some adjustments, the fasting mimicry diet provides 3–7 calories per pound of target food on each day of the fasting mimicry diet. In another further adjustment, the fasting mimicry diet provides 4.5–7 calories per pound of target food on Day 1 of the fasting mimicry diet, and 3–5 calories per pound of target food on each of the other days of the fasting mimicry diet.

[0040] Typically, the method further includes the step of administering a second diet to the subject during a second period following the low-protein diet, the second diet providing a total calorie intake for 25-26 days such that the difference from the subject's normal calorie expenditure is within 20 percent. In another modification, the fasting-mimicking diet includes an amino acid-specific supplement. Typically, the supplement provides excess levels of non-essential amino acids consumed over a 5-7 day period, along with a diet of very low protein or a protein-free diet. In one modified example, the low-protein diet is alternated with a normal-protein diet. In such a modification, the low-protein diet is administered for 7 days every 2 weeks to 2 months, with a normal diet administered for 1-7 weeks in between. In one modified example, the amino acid-specific supplement substantially excludes the following amino acids: isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, and arginine. In this context, "substantially excludes" means that the total amount of excluded amino acids, in order of increasing preference, is less than 5% by weight, less than 3% by weight, less than 1% by weight, and less than 0.5% by weight of the total weight of the diet in question. Instead, amino acid-specific diets provide one or more of the following amino acids as nitrogen sources: alanine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, proline, serine, and tyrosine.

[0041] In maintaining the benefits of a "fast-mimicking diet," the above nutrition bars are used as fast-mimicking "alternative meal" bars or fast-mimicking "snack" bars that can substitute for breakfast and / or lunch and / or dinner. In particular, the above nutrition bars can be used for intermittent fasting, in which the subject fasts for 12 to 24 hours except for consuming only nutrition bars at a predetermined number of meal occasions. As described above, the nutrition bars contain any combination of macadamia nuts, honey, pecans, almonds, almond butter, coconut, inulin, cocoa-derived products, flaxseed, and coconut flour. Characteristically, the nutrition bars provide 100 to 300 kcal, of which 40 percent kcal are from fat, 10 to 30 percent kcal are from carbohydrates, and protein is less than 10 grams. In a given adjusted example, the predetermined number of meals is one, two, or three.

[0042] While exemplary embodiments are described above, these embodiments are not intended to describe all possible forms of the invention. Conversely, the terms used herein are descriptive rather than limiting, and various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Furthermore, features of various embodiments may be combined to form further embodiments of the invention. This disclosure includes the following aspects. <1> Macadamia nuts, honey, pecan, Almonds or almond meal, Almond butter, Inulin, Flaxseed or flaxseed meal, and Coconut flour, Includes, It provides 100-300 kcal, of which 40 percent comes from fat, 10-30 percent from carbohydrates, and less than 10 grams of protein. Nutritional bars for fasting or fasting-mimicking diets. <2> It provides 25-38% by weight of fat and 1-10% by weight of carbohydrates kcal, which are the recommended daily intake of the diet. <1> Nutrition bar as described. <3> Furthermore, it contains coconut and / or coconut oil. <1> Nutrition bar as described. <4> Furthermore, it contains cocoa-derived substances, <1> Nutrition bar as described. <5> The aforementioned cocoa-derived material includes materials selected from the group consisting of cocoa mass, cocoa powder, cocoa butter, cocoa nibs, and combinations thereof. <4> Nutrition bar as described. <6> Furthermore, it contains sea salt, <1> Nutrition bar as described. <7> Furthermore, it contains flavorings, mixed tocopherols, anhydrous citric acid, and ascorbic acid. <1> Nutrition bar as described. <8> Macadamia nuts are present in an amount of approximately 17.6 to 26.5 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Honey is present in an amount of approximately 15.2–22.7 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Pecans are present in an amount of approximately 12.3 to 18.5 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Almond meal is present in an amount of approximately 10.4 to 15.6 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Almond butter is present in an amount of approximately 9.2 to 13.8 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Cocoa-derived materials are present in an amount of approximately 4.5 to 6.8 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Coconut is present in an amount of approximately 5.2–7.8 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Inulin is present in an amount of approximately 4.1 to 6.2 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Flaxseed is present in an amount of approximately 3.3 to 5.0 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Coconut oil may be present in an amount of approximately 0.0 to 1.3 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Coconut flour is present in an amount of approximately 1.0 to 1.6 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Sea salt is present in an amount of approximately 0.3 to 0.4 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. The flavorings are present in an amount of approximately 0.3 to 0.5 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Mixed tocopherols are present in an amount of approximately 0.0 to 0.1 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Anhydrous citric acid is present in an amount of approximately 0.033 to 0.049 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar, and Ascorbic acid is present in an amount of approximately 0.033–0.049 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. <1> Nutrition bar as described. <9> Macadamia nuts are present in the nutrition bar in an amount of approximately 15.1 to 22.6 weight percent of the total weight. Honey is present in an amount of approximately 13.9–20.8 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Pecans are present in an amount of approximately 13.2–19.8 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Chopped almonds are present in an amount of approximately 12.2 to 18.3 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Almond butter is present in an amount of approximately 7.5 to 11.2 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Coconut is present in an amount of approximately 4.5 to 6.8 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Inulin is present in an amount of approximately 3.6 to 5.5 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Flaxseed is present in an amount of approximately 3.5 to 5.3 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Coconut oil is present in an amount of approximately 0.0 to 1.4 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Coconut flour is present in an amount of approximately 0.7 to 1.1 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Sea salt is present in an amount of approximately 0.3 to 0.4 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. The flavorings are present in an amount of approximately 0.3 to 0.4 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Mixed tocopherols are present in an amount of approximately 0.0 to 0.1 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Anhydrous citric acid is present in an amount of approximately 0.033 to 0.049 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar, and Ascorbic acid is present in an amount of approximately 0.033–0.049 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. <1> Nutrition bar as described. <10> Macadamia nuts are present in an amount of 17.6 to 26.5 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Honey is 15.2 to 22.7% by weight of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Pecans are present in an amount of 12.3 to 18.5 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Almond meal is present in an amount of approximately 10.4 to 15.6 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Almond butter is present in an amount of approximately 9.2 to 13.8 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Coconut is present in an amount of approximately 5.2–7.8 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Inulin is present in an amount of approximately 4.1 to 6.2 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Flaxseed is present in an amount of approximately 3.3 to 5.0 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Coconut oil is present in an amount of approximately 0 to 1.3 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Coconut flour is present in an amount of approximately 1.0 to 1.6 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Sea salt is present in an amount of approximately 0.3 to 0.5 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Mixed tocopherols are present in an amount of approximately 0.0 to 0.1 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Citric acid is present in an amount of approximately 0.033 to 0.049 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar, and Ascorbic acid is present in an amount of approximately 0.033–0.049 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. <1> Nutrition bar as described. <11> Macadamia nuts are present in an amount of 15.1 to 22.6 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Honey is present in an amount of 13.9 to 20.8 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Pecans are present in an amount of 13.2 to 19.8 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Almonds are present in an amount of 12.2 to 18.3 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Almond butter is present in an amount of 7.5 to 11.2 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Cocoa-derived materials are present in an amount of 4.5 to 6.8 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Coconut is present in an amount of 4.2 to 6.3 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Inulin is present in an amount of 3.6 to 5.5 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Flaxseed is present in an amount of 3.5 to 5.3 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Coconut oil is present in an amount of 0.0 to 1.4 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Coconut flour is present in an amount of 0.7 to 1.1 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Sea salt is present in an amount of 0.3 to 0.4 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Mixed tocopherols are present in an amount of 0.0 to 0.1 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Citric acid is present in an amount of 0.033 to 0.049 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar, and Ascorbic acid is present in an amount of 0.033 to 0.049 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. <1> Nutrition bar as described. <12> Almond butter is present in an amount of 7 to 11 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Macadamia nuts are present in an amount of 16-24 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Oleoresin is present in an amount of 0.04 to 0.06 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Inulin is present in an amount of 11-18 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Honey is present in an amount of 7-10 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Vanilla powder is present in an amount of 0.5 to 1 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Salt is present in an amount of 0.3 to 0.4 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Flaxseed meal is present in an amount of 4-6 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Almond meal is present in an amount of 13-19 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. Coconut flour is present in an amount of 7-10 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar, and Pecans are present in an amount of 13-20 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. <1> Nutrition bar as described. <13> The aforementioned almonds are chopped almonds, almond meal, or a combination thereof. <1> Nutrition bar as described. <14> The weight of the aforementioned nutrition bar is 40-50 grams. <1> Nutrition bar as described. <15> The weight of the aforementioned nutrition bar is 90-110 grams. <1> Nutrition bar as described. <16> <1> A fasting mimicry meal package, including the nutrition bar listed. <17> A "meal replacement" that mimics fasting and can replace breakfast, lunch, or dinner. A "replacement" bar or a "light meal" bar that mimics fasting. <1> Nutrition bar as described. <18> Intermittent fasting methods, including fasting for 12-24 hours or less, where nutrition bars are consumed at a predetermined number of meal times: Here, the aforementioned nutrition bar is, Macadamia nuts, honey, pecan, almond, Almond butter, coconut, Inulin, Cocoa-derived products, Flaxseed, and Coconut flour, It contains 100-300 kcal, of which 40 percent comes from fat, 10-30 percent from carbohydrates, and less than 10 grams of protein. <19> The predetermined number of meals is one meal, two meals, or three meals. <18> Methods used. <20> Identifying individuals who require a fasting-mimicking diet; and To provide a fasting-mimicking diet in which less than 10 percent of the calories come from protein sources, wherein the fasting-mimicking diet provides 50% or less of the target's normal calorie intake, and 50% or more of the kilocalories provided come from fat, and the fasting-mimicking diet includes a nutrition bar. Methods including: Here, the nutrition bar is, Macadamia nuts, honey, pecan, almond, Almond butter, coconut, Inulin, Cocoa-derived products, Flaxseed, and Coconut flour, It contains 100-300 kcal, of which 40 percent comes from fat, 10-30 percent from carbohydrates, and less than 10 grams of protein. <21> The aforementioned fasting-mimicking diet provides the subject with approximately 300-1200 kcal per day. <20> Methods used. <22> Furthermore, this includes monitoring the target glucose and / or IGF-1 levels. <20> Methods used. <23> The aforementioned fasting-mimicking diet is administered to the subject over a first period of 1 to 14 days. <20> Methods used. <24> The aforementioned fasting-mimicking diet provides 3 to 7 kilocalories per pound of food. <23> Methods used. <25> Furthermore, the regimen includes administering a second diet to the subject over a second period following the aforementioned fasting-mimicking diet, wherein the second diet provides a total calorie intake for 25-26 days such that the difference from the subject's normal calorie expenditure is within 20 percent. <23> Methods used. <26> The aforementioned fasting-mimicking diet includes an amino acid-focused supplement. <20> Methods used.

Claims

1. Macadamia nuts, honey, pecan, Almonds or almond meal, Almond butter, Inulin, Flaxseed or flaxseed meal, and Coconut flour, It contains [ingredients], but does not contain coconut oil. It provides 100-300 kcal, of which at least 40 percent kcal comes from fat, 10-30 percent from carbohydrates, and less than 10 grams of protein. Nutritional bars for fasting or fasting-mimicking diets.

2. The nutritional bar according to claim 1, which provides 25 to 38 weight percent of the recommended daily dietary value of fat and 1 to 10 weight percent of the recommended daily dietary value of carbohydrates in kcal.

3. The nutrition bar according to claim 1, further comprising coconut.

4. The nutritional bar according to claim 1, further comprising a cocoa-derived substance.

5. The nutrition bar according to claim 4, wherein the cocoa-derived material comprises an ingredient selected from the group consisting of cocoa mass, cocoa powder, cocoa butter, cocoa nibs, and combinations thereof.

6. The nutrition bar according to claim 1, further containing sea salt.

7. The nutrition bar according to claim 1, further comprising flavorings, mixed tocopherols, anhydrous citric acid, and ascorbic acid.

8. If macadamia nuts are included, they shall be present in an amount of 17.6 to 26.5 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If honey is included, the honey is present in an amount of 15.2 to 22.7 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If pecans are included, they shall be present in an amount of 12.3 to 18.5 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If almond meal is included, the almond meal is present in an amount of 10.4 to 15.6 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If almond butter is included, the almond butter is present in an amount of 9.2 to 13.8 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If cocoa-derived materials are included, they shall be present in an amount of 4.5 to 6.8 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If coconut is included, the coconut is present in an amount of 5.2 to 7.8 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If inulin is present, it is present in an amount of 4.1 to 6.2 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If flaxseed is included, it is present in an amount of 3.3 to 5.0 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If coconut flour is included, it shall be present in an amount of 1.0 to 1.6 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If sea salt is included, it is present in an amount of 0.3 to 0.4 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If flavorings are included, they are present in an amount of 0.3 to 0.5 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If mixed tocopherols are included, they are present in an amount of 0.0 to 0.1 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If anhydrous citric acid is present, it is present in an amount of 0.033 to 0.049 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar, and If ascorbic acid is present, it is present in an amount of 0.033 to 0.049 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. The nutrition bar according to claim 1.

9. If macadamia nuts are included, they shall be present in an amount of 15.1 to 22.6 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If honey is included, the honey is present in an amount of 13.9 to 20.8 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If pecans are included, they shall be present in an amount of 13.2 to 19.8 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If chopped almonds are included, the chopped almonds shall be present in an amount of 12.2 to 18.3 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If almond butter is included, the almond butter is present in an amount of 7.5 to 11.2 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If coconut is included, the coconut is present in an amount of 4.5 to 6.8 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If inulin is present, it is present in an amount of 3.6 to 5.5 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If flaxseed is included, it is present in an amount of 3.5 to 5.3 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If coconut flour is included, it is present in an amount of 0.7 to 1.1 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If sea salt is included, it is present in an amount of 0.3 to 0.4 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If flavorings are included, they are present in an amount of 0.3 to 0.4 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If mixed tocopherols are included, they are present in an amount of 0.0 to 0.1 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If anhydrous citric acid is present, it is present in an amount of 0.033 to 0.049 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar, and If ascorbic acid is present, it is present in an amount of 0.033 to 0.049 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. The nutrition bar according to claim 1.

10. If macadamia nuts are included, they shall be present in an amount of 17.6 to 26.5 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If honey is included, the honey is 15.2 to 22.7 percent by weight of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If pecans are included, they shall be present in an amount of 12.3 to 18.5 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If almond meal is included, the almond meal is present in an amount of 10.4 to 15.6 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If almond butter is included, the almond butter is present in an amount of 9.2 to 13.8 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If coconut is included, the coconut is present in an amount of 5.2 to 7.8 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If inulin is present, it is present in an amount of 4.1 to 6.2 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If flaxseed is included, it is present in an amount of 3.3 to 5.0 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If coconut flour is included, it shall be present in an amount of 1.0 to 1.6 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If sea salt is included, it is present in an amount of 0.3 to 0.5 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If mixed tocopherols are included, they are present in an amount of 0.0 to 0.1 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If citric acid is present, it is present in an amount of 0.033 to 0.049 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar, and If ascorbic acid is present, it is present in an amount of 0.033 to 0.049 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. The nutrition bar according to claim 1.

11. If macadamia nuts are included, they shall be present in an amount of 15.1 to 22.6 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If honey is included, the honey is present in an amount of 13.9 to 20.8 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If pecans are included, they shall be present in an amount of 13.2 to 19.8 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If almonds are included, they shall be present in an amount of 12.2 to 18.3 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If almond butter is included, the almond butter is present in an amount of 7.5 to 11.2 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If cocoa-derived materials are included, they shall be present in an amount of 4.5 to 6.8 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If coconut is included, the coconut is present in an amount of 4.2 to 6.3 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If inulin is present, it is present in an amount of 3.6 to 5.5 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If flaxseed is included, it is present in an amount of 3.5 to 5.3 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If coconut flour is included, it is present in an amount of 0.7 to 1.1 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If sea salt is included, it is present in an amount of 0.3 to 0.4 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If mixed tocopherols are included, they are present in an amount of 0.0 to 0.1 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If citric acid is present, it is present in an amount of 0.033 to 0.049 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar, and If ascorbic acid is present, it is present in an amount of 0.033 to 0.049 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. The nutrition bar according to claim 1.

12. If almond butter is included, the almond butter is present in an amount of 7 to 11 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If macadamia nuts are included, they shall be present in an amount of 16 to 24 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If oleoresin is present, it is present in an amount of 0.04 to 0.06 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If inulin is present, it is present in an amount of 11 to 18 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If honey is included, the honey shall be present in an amount of 7 to 10 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If vanilla powder is included, the vanilla powder shall be present in an amount of 0.5 to 1 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If salt is present, it is present in an amount of 0.3 to 0.4 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If flaxseed meal is included, it shall be present in an amount of 4 to 6 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If almond meal is included, it shall be present in an amount of 13 to 19 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar. If coconut flour is included, the coconut flour is present in an amount of 7 to 10 weight percent of the total weight of the nutrition bar, and If pecans are included, they are present in an amount of 13 to 20 percent by weight of the total weight of the nutrition bar. The nutrition bar according to claim 1.

13. The nutrition bar according to claim 1, wherein the almond is chopped almond.

14. The nutrition bar according to claim 1, wherein the weight of the nutrition bar is 40 to 50 grams.

15. The nutrition bar according to claim 1, wherein the weight of the nutrition bar is 90 to 110 grams.

16. A nutritional bar according to claim 1, included in a fasting mimicry meal package.

17. The nutritional bar according to claim 1, which is a "meal replacement" bar or a "light meal" bar that mimics fasting and can replace breakfast, lunch, or dinner.

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