Lining structure and lining plate

Abstract

To provide a lining structure allowing replacement timing of a plurality of lining plates to be easily and gradually presumed and their replacement to be carried out at proper timing, as a result of capability of easily and gradually grasping abrasion loss of the plurality of lining plates through visual observation by an examiner.SOLUTION: Abrasion loss determination lining plates 12 of a lining structure 1 are provided with a plurality of abrasion loss determination parts 30A to 30C. Different color members 31A to 31C different in color from each other are buried in the abrasion loss determination parts 30A to 30C, respectively and the abrasion loss determination parts 30A to 30C are provided with the different color members 31A to 31C buried in positions different in depth D1 to D3 from surfaces of the abrasion loss determination lining plates 12, respectively. By this, abrasion loss of the plurality of lining plates 12, 13 and 14 can be easily and gradually recognized to presume replacement timing of and to carry out replacement of the plurality of lining plates 12, 13, 14 at proper timing.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a lining structure for protecting the surface (protected surface) of a discharge channel, a sand discharge channel, etc., installed in, for example, a dam, a sand discharge channel facility, a dam discharge facility, a river gate facility, etc., from sediment flowing down by covering it with a large number of replaceable lining plates, and to the lining plates thereof.

Background Art

[0002] Generally, a dam is equipped with a discharge facility, and a large number of replaceable lining plates may be attached to the surface (protected surface) of the discharge channel to prevent surface wear and damage caused by sediment flow. However, since the inside of the discharge channel is not a walking passage and cannot be approached normally, and it may sometimes be submerged, it is currently difficult to accurately grasp the replacement timing of the lining plates. Since the number of installed lining plates is as large as several thousand, a great deal of cost and labor are required to grasp the wear state by precise measurement.

[0003] Therefore, as a prior art in which an inspector can visually grasp the wear state of a structure, Patent Document 1 discloses a wear-resistant precast concrete member used for a civil engineering structure provided under severely worn conditions or for repairing a worn part of an existing civil engineering structure. The wear-resistant precast concrete member is provided with wear detection means for displaying an allowable wear depth, and the wear detection means is a wear detection plate having a different color tone from the concrete color embedded at a predetermined depth position from the surface of the wear-resistant precast concrete member. A wear-resistant precast concrete member for civil engineering structures is disclosed.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] In the invention described in Patent Document 1 above, the wear detection means has a wear detection plate that is fixed to reinforcing bars embedded in the precast concrete member by fixing box-shaped legs protruding from the lower surface of the wear detection plate, thereby positioning the wear detection plate at a predetermined depth (the position of the allowable wear allowance) from the surface of the precast concrete member. However, the structure for fixing the wear detection plate is complex, and since reinforcing bars within the precast concrete member are used for fixing, it cannot be applied to structures other than precast concrete members, and there is room for improvement.

[0006] Furthermore, in the invention described in Patent Document 1, the wear detection plate is installed at a position relative to the allowable wear allowance from the surface of the precast concrete member. As a result, when the upper surface of the precast concrete member wears down to the allowable wear allowance, the wear detection plate is exposed, detecting that the wear of the precast concrete member has reached its limit. However, with this configuration, the precast concrete member must be replaced immediately after the wear limit is reached, there is no time to prepare a new precast concrete member, and the replacement work must be rushed, requiring a great deal of effort.

[0007] Thus, in the invention described in Patent Document 1, it is not possible to determine the amount of wear on the precast concrete member over time, and therefore it is not sufficient for managing the amount of wear, and consequently, it is not possible to accurately estimate the replacement time.

[0008] The present invention has been made in view of the above, and aims to provide a lining structure in which the wear amount of a large number of lining plates can be easily determined in stages by visual inspection by an inspector, and as a result the timing of replacement of a large number of lining plates can be estimated and replaced at an appropriate time, and a lining plate in which the wear amount can be easily determined in stages. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] As a means to solve the above problems, the invention relating to the lining structure of claim 1 is a lining structure that protects a surface to be protected from flowing sediment by covering it with a plurality of replaceable lining plates, wherein the plurality of lining plates include a wear amount determination lining plate capable of determining the amount of wear, the wear amount determination lining plate is provided with a plurality of wear amount determination parts, each of the wear amount determination parts has a different colored member embedded in it, and each of the wear amount determination parts has the different colored member embedded at a different depth from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate. The end of the wear amount determination lining plate along the direction of the sediment flow is provided with a projection that protrudes along the direction of the sediment flow and has an inclined surface whose lower surface extends diagonally upward at a predetermined angle of inclination with respect to the thickness direction, and a determination auxiliary lining plate is arranged adjacent to the wear amount determination lining plate along the direction of the sediment flow, and the end of the determination auxiliary lining plate along the direction of the sediment flow is provided with a projection that protrudes along the direction of the sediment flow and has an inclined surface whose upper surface extends diagonally downward at a predetermined angle of inclination with respect to the thickness direction, and the inclined surface of the projection of the wear amount determination lining plate and the inclined surface of the projection of the determination auxiliary lining plate are arranged to face each other. The amount of wear on the wear determination lining plate is estimated by measuring the amount of protrusion of the protruding portion of the wear determination lining plate. It is characterized by the following: In the invention of claim 1, multiple wear amount determination areas provided on the wear amount determination lining plate have different colored members embedded at different depths from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate. Then, the different colored members of each wear amount determination area are sequentially revealed in accordance with the amount of wear from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate. As a result, inspectors can visually grasp the wear amount of the wear amount determination lining plate, and by extension, many other lining plates, in stages. In other words, inspectors can visually manage the trend of wear amount of the wear amount determination lining plate, and by extension, many other lining plates. Moreover, they can also grasp the amount of wear over a certain period of time in accordance with environmental conditions. As a result, the replacement timing of many lining plates, including the wear amount determination lining plate, can be easily estimated by visual inspection by inspectors without incurring costs or labor. Furthermore, in the invention of claim 1, the amount of wear of the wear determination lining plate can be quantitatively determined by measuring the distance from the edge of the protruding portion of the wear determination lining plate to the reference line (the amount of protrusion of the protruding portion).

[0010] The invention relating to the lining structure of claim 2 is characterized in that, in the invention described in claim 1, the wear amount determination portion where the depth from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate to the discolored member is greatest is located on the upstream side in the direction of the sediment flow on the wear amount determination lining plate. In the invention of claim 2, the wear amount determination area where the depth from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate to the contrasting color member is greatest is located on the upstream side in the direction of sediment flow on the wear amount determination lining plate, for example, on the wear amount determination lining plate where wear is presumed to progress relatively slowly. This allows for the replacement of numerous lining plates, including the wear amount determination lining plate, when the contrasting color member appears in the wear amount determination area, to be carried out appropriately, neither too early nor too late. On the other hand, the wear amount determination area where the depth from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate to the contrasting color member is small is located on the downstream side in the direction of sediment flow on the wear amount determination lining plate, for example, on the wear amount determination lining plate where wear is presumed to progress relatively quickly. This allows for the early detection of the initial stage of wear, and at this early stage, the timing for replacing numerous lining plates, including the wear amount determination lining plate, can be roughly estimated.

[0011] The invention relating to the lining structure of claim 3 is characterized in that, in the invention described in claim 1 or 2, in the wear amount determination portion where the depth from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate to the discolored member is greatest, the depth is set to be shallower than the permissible limit value of wear for the fixing bolts that fix the plurality of lining plates to the protected surface. Furthermore, in the wear amount determination area where the depth from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate to the contrasting color member is greatest, if that depth is set to be approximately the same as or greater than the permissible limit of wear for the fixing bolts, then when replacing a number of lining plates, including the wear amount determination lining plate, after the contrasting color member in the wear amount determination area appears, the fixing bolts will also reach their permissible limit of wear, making it difficult to easily remove the fixing bolts and potentially preventing the replacement of the number of lining plates, including the wear amount determination lining plate. In view of these circumstances, in the invention of claim 3, in the wear amount determination area where the depth of the contrasting color member from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate is greatest, that depth is set to be shallower than the permissible limit of wear for the fixing bolts. Then, when replacing a number of lining plates, including the wear amount determination lining plate, after the contrasting color member in the wear amount determination area appears, the fixing bolts have not reached their permissible limit of wear, so they can be easily removed, and the replacement of the number of lining plates, including the wear amount determination lining plate, can be carried out smoothly.

[0013] Claim 4 The invention relating to the lining structure is characterized in that, in the invention described in claim 1, each of the differently colored members is made of resin material of a different color from one another. Claim 4 In this invention, small holes of different depths are provided on the underside of the wear amount determination lining plate at the positions where each wear amount determination portion is located, and each wear amount determination portion can be formed by filling each small hole with a resin material of the corresponding color.

[0014] Claim 5 The invention relating to the lining structure is characterized in that, in the invention described in claim 1, the wear amount determination lining plate is a metal plate. Claim 5 In this invention, the structure of each wear amount determination part in the wear amount determination lining plate can be simplified.

[0015] Claim 6 The invention related to the lining plate is a lining plate that can protect against sediment flowing down while covering the protected surface and can determine the wear amount. The lining plate is provided with a plurality of wear amount determination parts, and different color members with different colors are respectively embedded in each of the wear amount determination parts. Each of the wear amount determination parts has the different color members embedded at positions with different depths from the surface of the lining plate. Furthermore, the end of the lining plate facing the direction of the sediment flow is provided with a projection that extends along the direction of the sediment flow, and whose lower surface has an inclined surface that extends diagonally upward at a predetermined angle of inclination with respect to the thickness direction, and the amount of wear of the lining plate is estimated by measuring the amount of protrusion of the projection. It is characterized by the above. Claim 6 In the invention of claim, an inspector can easily grasp the wear amount of the lining plate step by step visually, and can also grasp the wear amount during a certain period according to environmental conditions. Thereby, the replacement time of the lining plate can be easily estimated. Furthermore, in the invention of claim 6, the amount of wear on the lining plate can be quantitatively determined by measuring the distance from the edge of the protruding portion of the lining plate to the reference line (the amount of protrusion of the protruding portion).

Effect of the Invention

[0016] In the lining structure according to the present invention, an inspector can easily grasp the wear amounts of a large number of lining plates step by step visually. As a result, the replacement times of a large number of lining plates can be easily estimated, and a large number of lining plates can be replaced at an appropriate timing. Further, in the lining plate according to the present invention, its wear amount can be easily grasped step by step, and the replacement time of the lining plate can be easily estimated.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0017] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the entire lining structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a front view of a wear amount determination lining plate, each standard lining plate, and a determination auxiliary lining plate that cover the surface of the side wall portion of the pipe barrel plate in the lining structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of part B of FIG. 3. [Figure 5] Fig. 5(a) is a plan view of the fixing bolt adopted in the lining structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, and (b) is a side view.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0018] Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described in detail based on FIGS. 1 to 5. Referring to FIG. 1, a lining structure 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention protects the surface 3 (protected surface) of a discharge channel, a sand discharge channel, etc. installed in, for example, a dam, a sand discharge channel facility, a dam discharge facility, a river gate facility, etc., from sediment flowing down by a large number of replaceable lining plates 12, 13, 14. In the present embodiment, the lining structure 1 is adopted to protect the surface 3 (protected surface) of the intake part of the normal flood discharge of the dam and the sand discharge channel facility (sand discharge channel). Referring to FIG. 1, for example, the intake part of the normal flood discharge of the dam and the sand discharge channel are provided with a stainless steel pipe barrel plate 6 (fixed lining). The pipe barrel plate 6 is formed in a U-shaped shape when viewed from the front with an open upper part, having a pair of side wall parts 8, 8 and a bottom wall part 9. In addition, FIG. 1 shows the pipe barrel plate 6 provided in the intake part of the normal flood discharge of the dam. And the surface 3 (protected surface) of the pair of side wall parts 8, 8 and the bottom wall part 9 of the pipe barrel plate 6 is protected by a large number of lining plates 12, 13, 14 of the lining structure 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the lining structure 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a number of lining plates 12, 13, and 14 arranged in a vertical and horizontal alignment. The number of lining plates 12, 13, and 14 is composed of a number of standard lining plates 13 mixed with a wear amount determination lining plate 12 and a determination auxiliary lining plate 14 capable of determining the amount of wear. The wear amount determination lining plate 12 and the determination auxiliary lining plate 14 are installed at multiple locations, for example, on the upstream, midstream, and downstream sides of the sand discharge channel of a sand discharge channel facility. Figure 2 shows a front view of the wear amount determination lining plate 12, each standard lining plate 13, and the determination auxiliary lining plate 14 covering the surface 3 of the side wall portion 8 of the pipe shell plate 6. In this embodiment, the wear amount determination lining plate 12 is arranged so as to be surrounded from all sides by the standard lining plates 13, 13 and the determination auxiliary lining plate 14.

[0020] The wear amount determination lining plates 12 can be arranged regularly or irregularly with respect to a number of standard lining plates 13, and the placement of the wear amount determination lining plates 12 with respect to the number of standard lining plates 13 is not particularly limited. Furthermore, epoxy resin is filled between adjacent wear amount determination lining plates 12 and standard lining plates 13, between adjacent standard lining plates 13, between adjacent wear amount determination lining plates 12 and determination auxiliary lining plates 14, and between adjacent standard lining plates 13 and determination auxiliary lining plates 14. In this embodiment, epoxy resin is used as the filler material, but other resin materials, rubber materials, metal materials, etc. may be used.

[0021] The wear amount determination lining plate 12, the standard lining plate 13, and the determination auxiliary lining plate 14 are stainless steel plates. Alternatively, the wear amount determination lining plate 12, the standard lining plate 13, and the determination auxiliary lining plate 14 may be made of other metal plates with superior corrosion resistance or wear resistance, or of resin or rubber. Referring to Figures 2 and 3, the wear amount determination lining plate 12, the standard lining plate 13, and the determination auxiliary lining plate 14 have substantially the same shape, roughly square in front view. The wear amount determination lining plate 12, the standard lining plate 13, and the determination auxiliary lining plate 14 have the same thickness. The wear amount determination lining plate 12, the standard lining plate 13, and the determination auxiliary lining plate 14 are detachably attached to the surface 3 of the pipe shell plate 6 (a pair of side walls 8, 8 and a bottom wall 9) via epoxy resin 26 using multiple fixing bolts 15. Alternatively, other resin materials, rubber materials, metal materials, etc., besides epoxy resin 26 may be used as the filler material.

[0022] Referring to Figures 2 and 3, insertion holes 21 for fixing bolts 15 are formed at the four corners of the wear amount determination lining plate 12, the standard lining plate 13, and the determination auxiliary lining plate 14. Each insertion hole 21 consists of a large-diameter insertion hole 22 that accommodates the head 16 of the fixing bolt 15 and a small-diameter insertion hole 23 through which the threaded portion 17 of the fixing bolt 15 is inserted. The fixing bolt 15 is made of stainless steel. In this embodiment, stainless steel is used for the fixing bolt 15, but other metal materials, resin materials, rubber materials, etc. may be used. Referring to Figure 5, the fixing bolt 15 has a head 16 and a threaded portion 17. A pair of tool holes 19, 19 are formed on the upper end surface of the head 16. Each tool hole 19, 19 is drilled from the upper end surface of the head 16 to a predetermined depth H. The fixing bolt 15 is attached and detached by inserting the pair of shaft portions (not shown) of the lining attachment / detachment tool (not shown) into these pair of tool holes 19, 19 and rotating the fixing bolt 15.

[0023] Then, the fixing bolts 15 are inserted into the insertion holes 21 provided at the four corners of the wear amount determination lining plate 12, the standard lining plate 13, and the determination auxiliary lining plate 14. The pair of shafts of the lining attachment / detachment tool are then inserted into the pair of tool holes 19, 19 provided in the heads 16 of the fixing bolts 15, and the fixing bolts 15 are rotated. As a result, the fixing bolts 15 are screwed into the hexagon socket head threaded nuts 28 that are pre-screwed into embedded nuts 27 embedded in the pipe shell plate 6 (a pair of side wall portions 8, 8 and bottom wall portion 9), thereby fixing the wear amount determination lining plate 12, the standard lining plate 13, and the determination auxiliary lining plate 14 to the surface 3 of the pipe shell plate 6 via epoxy resin 26 using the fixing bolts 15. At this time, the surfaces of the wear amount determination lining plate 12, the standard lining plate 13, and the determination auxiliary lining plate 14 and the surface of the heads 16 of each fixing bolt 15 are located on the same plane. Epoxy resin is filled between the head 16 of the fixing bolt 15 and the large-diameter insertion hole 22 of the insertion hole 21. In this embodiment, epoxy resin is used as the filler material, but other resin materials, rubber materials, metal materials, etc. may be used. Reference numeral 29 in Figure 3 indicates a washer.

[0024] Referring to Figures 2 and 3, the wear amount determination lining plate 12 is provided with multiple wear amount determination areas 30A, 30B, and 30C. Each of the wear amount determination areas 30A, 30B, and 30C has a differently colored member 31A, 31B, and 31C embedded in it. The color of each of the differently colored members 31A, 31B, and 31C is set to be a color that is not similar to the color of the wear amount determination lining plate 12 (the color of stainless steel). For example, among the multiple wear amount determination areas 30A, 30B, and 30C, a red differently colored member 31A is embedded in a specific wear amount determination area 30A, a yellow differently colored member 31B is embedded in a specific wear amount determination area 30B, and a blue differently colored member 31C is embedded in a specific wear amount determination area 30C. In this embodiment, the differently colored members 31A, 31B, and 31C are red, yellow, and blue, respectively, as colors that do not resemble the color of the wear amount determination lining plate 12. However, other colors with good visibility, such as fluorescent colors, can also be used.

[0025] In the wear amount determination area 30A, a red contrasting color member 31A is embedded at the deepest position from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate 12, i.e., at a depth D1 from the surface. In the wear amount determination area 30B, a yellow contrasting color member 31B is embedded at a depth D2 from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate 12. In the wear amount determination area 30C, a blue contrasting color member 31C is embedded at the shallowest position from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate 12, i.e., at a depth D3 from the surface. In this embodiment, the depths D1, D2, and D3 described above are set to D1 > D2 > D3, and D1 - D2 = D2 - D3.

[0026] In the wear amount determination area 30A, the depth D1 from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate 12 to the red color-coded member 31A is set based on the permissible limit of wear for the fixing bolts 15 that fix the numerous lining plates 12, 13, and 14 to the surface 3 of the pipe shell plate 6 (a pair of side wall portions 8, 8 and a bottom wall portion 9). Specifically, the depth D1 is set shallower than the permissible limit of wear for the fixing bolts 15. The permissible limit of wear for the fixing bolts 15 is, for example, the permissible limit of wear for the head 16 of the fixing bolt 15. As the head 16 wears down, the depth H of the pair of tool holes 19, 19 provided in the head 16 gradually becomes shallower, and the depth H reaches approximately zero.

[0027] Consequently, the pair of shafts of the lining attachment / detachment tool cannot be stably inserted into the pair of tool holes 19, 19, making it impossible to rotate the fixing bolt 15 and thus impossible to replace the numerous lining plates 12, 13, 14. In view of this, in the wear amount determination area 30A, the depth D1 from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate 12 to the red color-coded member 31A is set to be shallower than the allowable limit value of wear on the head 16 of the fixing bolt 15, for example, the depth H of the pair of tool holes 19, 19.

[0028] Each of the contrasting colored components 31A, 31B, and 31C is made by mixing a filler into a specially formulated epoxy resin, resulting in high strength and excellent durability. Specifically, each of the contrasting colored components 31A, 31B, and 31C has high compressive strength, flexural strength, and tensile strength, and excellent durability against repeated loading and thermal shock. Furthermore, each of the contrasting colored components 31A, 31B, and 31C has excellent dimensional stability due to suppressed heat generation and reduced shrinkage during curing. In this embodiment, epoxy resin is used for each of the contrasting colored components 31A, 31B, and 31C, but other resin materials, rubber materials, or metal materials may also be used.

[0029] Then, in each wear determination area 30A, 30B, and 30C, small holes 33A, 33B, and 33C of a predetermined depth are formed from the back surface (the side facing the pipe shell plate 6) of the wear amount determination lining plate 12. Specifically, in wear determination area 30A where a red contrasting color member 31A is embedded, if the thickness dimension T of the wear amount determination lining plate 12 is given, the small hole 33A is set to a depth of (T-D1). The red contrasting color member 31A is then filled into this small hole 33A. Similarly, in wear determination area 30B where a yellow contrasting color member 31B is embedded, the small hole 33B is set to a depth of (T-D2). The yellow contrasting color member 31B is then filled into this small hole 33B. Furthermore, in wear determination area 30C where a blue contrasting color member 31C is embedded, the small hole 33C is set to a depth of (T-D3). Then, a blue, contrasting colored member 31C is filled into this small hole 33C. Each small hole 33A, 33B, and 33C is formed in a circular shape. The inner diameter of the small hole 33A in the wear detection area 30A, the small hole 33B in the wear detection area 30B, and the small hole 33C in the wear detection area 30C are approximately the same. In this embodiment, each small hole 33A, 33B, and 33C is formed in a circular shape, but they may also be formed in a rectangular, triangular, elliptical, or elongated shape, and the shape is not limited. Furthermore, the size of each small hole 33A, 33B, and 33C is not limited and is set to a size that can be easily visually inspected by an inspector.

[0030] Referring to Figures 2 and 3, the wear amount determination lining plate 12 has wear amount determination areas 30C where a blue color-contrasting member 31C is embedded, wear amount determination areas 30B where a yellow color-contrasting member 31B is embedded, and wear amount determination areas 30A where a red color-contrasting member 31A is embedded, arranged sequentially from the downstream side in the direction of sediment flow (hereinafter simply referred to as the downstream side) to the upstream side in the direction of sediment flow (hereinafter simply referred to as the upstream side), for example, from areas where wear is presumed to progress relatively quickly to areas where wear is presumed to progress relatively slowly. In this embodiment, each wear amount determination area 30A, 30B, and 30C is arranged inside the four fixing bolts 15 that fix the wear amount determination lining plate 12, i.e., the four insertion holes 21, but is not limited to this position. For example, each wear amount determination section 30C in which a blue contrasting color member 31C is embedded may be positioned downstream of each fixing bolt 15 that secures the wear amount determination lining plate 12, each wear amount determination section 30B in which a yellow contrasting color member 31B is embedded may be positioned approximately midway in the direction of the sediment flow, and each wear amount determination section 30A in which a red contrasting color member 31A is embedded may be positioned upstream of each fixing bolt 15 that secures the wear amount determination lining plate 12. In this embodiment, with respect to the wear amount determination lining plate 12 which is a square in front view with sides of 500 mm, each wear amount determination section 30C in which a blue contrasting color member 31C is embedded is the furthest downstream, and three are arranged at intervals in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the sediment flow. The distance L1, L1 between adjacent wear amount determination sections 30C, 30C in which blue contrasting color members 31C are embedded is set to 100 mm, respectively.

[0031] Furthermore, three wear amount determination points 30B, 30B are arranged at intervals perpendicular to the direction of sediment flow, with yellow contrasting color members 31B, 31B embedded upstream from each wear amount determination point 30C, 30C. The distance L1, L1 between adjacent wear amount determination points 30B, 30B where yellow contrasting color members 31B, 31B are embedded is set to 100 mm. The distance L2 along the direction of sediment flow between wear amount determination point 30C where a blue contrasting color member 31C is embedded and wear amount determination point 30B where a yellow contrasting color member 31B is embedded is set to 100 mm. In addition, three wear amount determination points 30A, 30A, where red contrasting color members 31A, 31A are embedded, are located at the uppermost position and are arranged at intervals perpendicular to the direction of sediment flow. The distance L1, L1 between adjacent wear determination points 30A, 30A where the red contrasting color members 31A, 31 are embedded is set to 100 mm. The distance L3 along the direction of sediment flow between wear determination point 30B where the yellow contrasting color member 31B is embedded and wear determination point 30A where the red contrasting color member 31A is embedded is set to 100 mm.

[0032] Referring to Figures 2 to 4, the downstream end of the wear amount determination lining plate 12 is provided with a projection 36 having an inclined surface 35 on its lower surface that extends diagonally upward at a predetermined inclination angle θ with respect to the thickness direction. The entire projection 36 of the wear amount determination lining plate 12 protrudes downstream from the downstream edge of each standard lining plate 13, which is arranged along a direction perpendicular to the direction of sediment flow of the wear amount determination lining plate 12.

[0033] A determination auxiliary lining plate 14 is positioned adjacent to the downstream side of the wear amount determination lining plate 12. The upstream end of the determination auxiliary lining plate 14, which faces the projection 36 of the wear amount determination lining plate 12, is provided with a projection 39 having an inclined surface 38 whose upper surface extends diagonally downward at a predetermined inclination angle θ with respect to the thickness direction. The entire projection 39 of the determination auxiliary lining plate 14 is located downstream of the upstream edge of each standard lining plate 13, which is arranged along a direction perpendicular to the direction of sediment flow of the determination auxiliary lining plate 14. The inclined surface 35 of the projection 36 of the wear amount determination lining plate 12 and the inclined surface 38 of the projection 39 of the determination auxiliary lining plate 14 are positioned facing each other via epoxy resin. In this embodiment, epoxy resin is used as the filler, but other resin materials, rubber materials, metal materials, etc. may be used. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the inclination angle θ is set to 45°, but it may also be set to, for example, 30° or 60°, and can be set as appropriate.

[0034] In the lining structure 1 according to this embodiment, as wear progresses on the numerous lining plates 12, 13, and 14 and reaches the wear amount D3 from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate 12, the blue colored member 31C of the wear amount determination part 30C among the wear amount determination parts 30A, 30B, and 30C becomes visible. By visually inspecting this, an inspector can understand that the numerous lining plates 12, 13, and 14 have reached the wear amount D3. Furthermore, by positioning the wear amount determination part 30C downstream of the wear amount determination lining plate 12, for example, in a part of the wear amount determination lining plate 12 where wear is presumed to progress relatively quickly, the initial stage of wear can be grasped, and the replacement time for the numerous lining plates 12, 13, and 14 can be roughly estimated at this early stage.

[0035] As wear progresses further and reaches wear amount D2 from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate 12, in addition to the blue colored member 31C of wear amount determination part 30C, the yellow colored member 31B of wear amount determination part 30B will also become visible among the wear amount determination parts 30A, 30B, and 30C. By visually inspecting this, an inspector can determine that many of the lining plates 12, 13, and 14 are showing wear progress at wear amount D2. This allows for an accurate estimation of when many of the lining plates 12, 13, and 14 will need to be replaced.

[0036] As wear progresses further and reaches the wear amount D1 from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate 12, in addition to the yellow and blue contrasting color members 31B and 31C of the wear amount determination parts 30B and 30C, the red contrasting color member 31A of the wear amount determination part 30A also becomes visible. By visually inspecting this, an inspector can determine that a large number of lining plates 12, 13, and 14 have worn down to wear amount D1 and reached the permissible limit of wear. At this point, the replacement of a large number of lining plates 12, 13, and 14 is carried out promptly.

[0037] During this replacement, the appearance of the yellow and blue colored members 31B and 31C on the wear amount determination parts 30B and 30C of the wear amount determination lining plate 12 allowed for accurate estimation of the replacement timing of numerous lining plates 12, 13, and 14. This made it easy to prepare many new lining plates 12, 13, and 14 by the time of replacement. Furthermore, the appearance of the red colored member 31A on the wear amount determination part 30A allowed for the rapid and smooth replacement of numerous lining plates 12, 13, and 14, and the replacement could be carried out appropriately, neither too early nor too late.

[0038] Furthermore, during the process of wear on numerous lining plates 12, 13, and 14, an inspector can quantitatively and quickly determine the amount of wear on the wear determination lining plate 12 by appropriately measuring the distance W (see Figure 4) from the edge of the protruding portion 36 of the wear determination lining plate 12 to the reference line (see Figure 2), and consequently, the amount of wear on numerous lining plates 12, 13, and 14. The reference line, as shown in Figure 2, is a line connecting the downstream edges of each standard lining plate 13 arranged in a direction perpendicular to the direction of sediment flow of the wear determination lining plate 12.

[0039] As described above, in the lining structure 1 according to this embodiment, the wear amount determination lining plate 12 included in the numerous lining plates 12, 13, 14 is provided with multiple wear amount determination parts 30A, 30B, and 30C, and red, yellow, and blue colored members 31A, 31B, and 31C are embedded in each wear amount determination part 30A, 30B, and 30C respectively, and the red, yellow, and blue colored members 31A, 31B, and 31C are embedded in each wear amount determination part 30A, 30B, and 30C at positions with different depths D1, D2, and D3 from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate 12. In other words, at each wear amount determination area 30A, 30B, and 30C, the depth position D1 from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate 12 where the red contrasting color member 31A is embedded is different from the depth position D2 from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate 12 where the yellow contrasting color member 31B is embedded is different from the depth position D3 from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate 12 where the blue contrasting color member 31C is embedded.

[0040] As wear progresses on numerous lining plates 12, 13, and 14, and sequentially reaches wear levels D3, D2, and D1 from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate 12, different colored members 31C, 31B, and 31A (blue, yellow, and red) sequentially appear at each wear amount determination area 30C, 30B, and 30A. As a result, the worker can visually grasp the wear levels D3, D2, and D1 of the wear amount determination lining plate 12, and by extension, numerous other standard lining plates 13 and determination auxiliary lining plates 14 in stages. In other words, the inspector can visually manage the trend of wear on the wear amount determination lining plate 12, and by extension, numerous other lining plates 13 and 14. Moreover, they can also grasp the amount of wear over a certain period in accordance with environmental conditions. This allows the replacement timing of numerous lining plates 12, 13, and 14 to be easily and accurately estimated by visual inspection by the inspector without incurring additional cost or effort.

[0041] Furthermore, in the lining structure 1 according to this embodiment, the wear amount determination portion 30A, where the depth D1 from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate 12 to the red color-matched member 31A is the largest, is positioned on the upstream side of the wear amount determination lining plate 12 in the direction of sediment flow, for example, on the wear amount determination lining plate 12 where wear is presumed to progress relatively slowly. As a result, when the red color-matched member 31A of the wear amount determination portion 30A appears, a large number of lining plates 12, 13, and 14 can be quickly replaced, and the replacement work can be carried out appropriately, neither too early nor too late.

[0042] Furthermore, in the lining structure 1 according to this embodiment, the depth D1 from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate 12 to the red contrasting color member 31A at the wear amount determination area 30A is set to be shallower than the allowable limit value of wear for the fixing bolt 15. Then, after the red contrasting color member 31A appears at the wear amount determination area 30A, when replacing a large number of lining plates 12, 13, and 14, the fixing bolt 15 has not reached the allowable limit value of wear, so the fixing bolt 15 can be easily removed by rotating it, and the replacement work of a large number of lining plates 12, 13, and 14 can be carried out smoothly.

[0043] Furthermore, in the lining structure 1 according to this embodiment, the downstream end of the wear amount determination lining plate 12 is provided with a projection 36 having an inclined surface 35 whose lower surface extends diagonally upward at a predetermined inclination angle θ with respect to the thickness direction, and the upstream end of the determination auxiliary lining plate 14 adjacent to the downstream side of the wear amount determination lining plate 12 is provided with a projection 39 having an inclined surface 38 whose upper surface extends diagonally downward at a predetermined inclination angle θ with respect to the thickness direction, and the inclined surface 35 of the projection 36 of the wear amount determination lining plate 12 and the inclined surface 38 of the projection 39 of the determination auxiliary lining plate 14 are arranged to face each other via epoxy resin. By appropriately measuring the distance W from the edge of the projection 36 of the wear amount determination lining plate 12 to the reference line, the amount of wear of the wear amount determination lining plate 12 can be quantitatively and quickly determined, and consequently, the amount of wear of a large number of lining plates 12, 13, and 14 can be quantitatively and quickly determined.

[0044] Furthermore, in the lining structure 1 according to this embodiment, the wear amount determination lining plate 12 is made of metal, and each of the differently colored members 31A, 31B, and 31C is made of epoxy resin material of different colors (red, yellow, and blue). Therefore, the structure of each wear amount determination part 30A, 30B, and 30C of the wear amount determination lining plate 12 can be simplified, and the processability of each wear amount determination part 30A, 30B, and 30C is excellent.

[0045] In the lining structure 1 according to this embodiment, a projection 36 having an inclined surface 35 is provided at the downstream end of the wear amount determination lining plate 12, and a projection 39 having an inclined surface 38 is provided at the upstream end of the determination auxiliary lining plate 14 adjacent to the downstream side of the wear amount determination lining plate 12. However, it is also possible to provide a projection 36 having an inclined surface 35 at the upstream end of the wear amount determination lining plate 12 and a projection 39 having an inclined surface 38 at the downstream end of the determination auxiliary lining plate 14 adjacent to the upstream side of the wear amount determination lining plate 12.

[0046] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a lining structure 1 including a number of lining plates 12, 13, and 14 covering the surface 3 of the pipe shell 6 is employed, but the wear amount determination lining plate 12 may be independently installed in another location. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0047] 1 Lining structure, 6 Tube shell plate, 3 Surface (protected surface), 12 Wear amount determination lining plate, 13 Standard lining plate, 14 Determination auxiliary lining plate, 15 Fixing bolt, 30A, 30B, 30C Wear amount determination area, 31A, 31B, 31C Different colored member, 35 Inclined surface, 36 Protrusion, 38 Inclined surface, 39 Protrusion

Claims

1. A lining structure that protects the surface to be protected from flowing sediment by covering it with a number of replaceable lining plates, The aforementioned number of lining plates include a wear amount determination lining plate capable of determining the amount of wear, The wear amount determination lining plate is provided with multiple wear amount determination areas. Each of the aforementioned wear amount determination parts is embedded with a differently colored member, Each of the wear amount determination areas is configured such that each of the differently colored members is embedded at a different depth from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate. The end of the wear amount determination lining plate facing the direction of the sediment flow is provided with a projection that protrudes along the direction of the sediment flow and has an inclined surface whose lower surface extends diagonally upward at a predetermined angle of inclination with respect to the thickness direction. A determination auxiliary lining plate is arranged adjacent to the wear amount determination lining plate along the direction of the sediment flow, and the end of the determination auxiliary lining plate along the direction of the sediment flow is provided with a projection that protrudes along the direction of the sediment flow and has an inclined surface whose upper surface extends diagonally downward at a predetermined inclination angle with respect to the thickness direction. The inclined surface of the protruding portion of the wear amount determination lining plate and the inclined surface of the protruding portion of the determination auxiliary lining plate are arranged to face each other. A lining structure characterized by estimating the amount of wear of the wear amount determination lining plate by measuring the amount of protrusion of the protruding portion of the wear amount determination lining plate.

2. The lining structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the wear amount determination portion, where the depth from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate to the discolored member is greatest, is located on the upstream side in the direction of the sediment flow on the wear amount determination lining plate.

3. The lining structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, in the wear amount determination area where the depth from the surface of the wear amount determination lining plate to the discolored member is greatest, the depth is set to be shallower than the permissible limit value of wear for the fixing bolts that fix the numerous lining plates to the protected surface.

4. The lining structure according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the differently colored members is made of a resin material of a different color from one another.

5. The lining structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the wear amount determination lining plate is a metal plate.

6. A lining plate that covers the surface to be protected and protects it from flowing sediment, while also allowing for the determination of the amount of wear, The lining plate is provided with multiple wear amount determination areas. Each of the aforementioned wear amount determination parts is embedded with a differently colored member, Each of the wear amount determination areas is configured such that each of the differently colored members is embedded at a different depth from the surface of the lining plate. The end of the lining plate facing the direction of the sediment flow is provided with a projection that extends along the direction of the sediment flow, and whose lower surface has an inclined surface that extends diagonally upward at a predetermined angle of inclination with respect to the thickness direction. A lining plate characterized by estimating the amount of wear of the lining plate by measuring the amount of protrusion of the protruding portion.

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