Reactive grinding aids and strength enhancers for slag and other materials

Abstract

The present invention provides a grinding aid for producing ground activated cementitious precursor material (GACPM) by co-grinding with granular slag, and geopolymer cement and slag cement using the activated cementitious precursor material. [Solution] The grinding aid comprises aluminum sulfate, alum, and / or a sodium, potassium, or lithium salt of a hydroxycarboxylic acid. Using the activated cementitious precursor material obtained by grinding results in an increase in compressive strength of approximately 5-33% in activated geopolymer cement mortar / grout / concrete and approximately 5-33% in Portland GACPM cement blend, while significantly reducing energy consumption, costs, and carbon emissions.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] 1. Technical field This specification provides a ground activated cementitious precursor material (GACPM) comprising unground granular slag, a grinding aid, and optionally a pozzolanic material, as well as methods for preparing and using the same. Further provided herein are activated geopolymer cement, as well as methods for preparing and using the same. The activated geopolymer cement disclosed herein has improved reactivity and compressive strength. Further provided herein are activated geopolymer mortar, grout, and concrete compositions, as well as activated geopolymer cement, grout, mortar, or concrete compositions, as well as methods for preparing and using the same. Also provided herein are activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout compositions and activated Portland slag cement concrete compositions in which a portion of Portland cement is replaced with the GACPM disclosed herein. [Background technology]

[0002] 2.Background technology Climate change is a critical challenge for our planet today. Portland cement production is a major source of carbon emissions, accounting for approximately 8% of total global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.

[0003] Granular blast furnace slag (GBFS) is a by-product of the steelmaking industry. It is obtained by quenching molten iron slag from a blast furnace with water or steam to produce a glassy granular product, which is then dried. GBFS is ground into a fine powder of the required fineness, called crushed granular blast furnace slag (GGBFS). To reduce carbon emissions and improve durability, GGBFS can be blended with Portland cement to form Portland slag cement or used as a partial replacement for Portland cement in Portland cement concrete. One of the main drawbacks of using GGBFS as a partial replacement for Portland cement is that if the replacement exceeds 50%, the setting time is longer, and the resulting product has lower initial strength.

[0004] GGBFS is also used in very limited applications as a Portland cement-free geopolymer cement, also known as alkali-activated cement, as a replacement for Portland cement with very low carbon emissions. Geopolymer cements using GGBFS also have the disadvantages of short working time and low initial strength. The preparation of GGBFS also presents challenges. Specifically, GBFS is used in 400-500 m 2 The conventional process of grinding to GGBFS with a particle size of / kg requires 40-50 kWh / t of energy, which corresponds to approximately 8-10 kg / t of carbon emissions and an approximate cost of about 6-7 US dollars / ton. [Overview of the project]

[0005] 3. Outline of the Invention In one embodiment, a grinding aid is provided for use in the preparation of cementitious materials. In one embodiment, granular slag, for example, granular blast furnace slag (GBFS), is ground in the presence of one or more grinding aids, with or without pozzolanic material. The one or more grinding aids may include, but are not limited to, aluminum sulfate, alum, and hydroxycarboxylic acids such as citric acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, and malic acid, neutralized with Na, K, Li hydroxide or carbonate. During the grinding process, the one or more grinding aids improve the morphology and reactivity of the ground particles resulting from GBFS, producing a ground activated cementitious precursor material (GACPM) with improved reactivity and compressive strength. In addition, the grinding time required to achieve a specific degree of Blaine fineness is reduced compared to grinding GBFS in the absence of one or more grinding aids. Geopolymer cement produced with GACPM, as well as mortar, grout, and concrete derivatives of geopolymer cement produced with GACPM, also have improved compressive strength. GACPM can also be used as a partial replacement for Portland cement and its derivatives, mortar, grout, and concrete, offering improved setting time and higher compressive strength.

[0006] In one embodiment, including one or more of aluminum sulfate, alum, and / or sodium, potassium, or lithium salts of hydroxycarboxylic acids (wherein the hydroxycarboxylic acid is citric acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, or malic acid) as grinding aids is useful for efficiently grinding granular slag, such as granular blast furnace slag (GBFS), in the preparation of ground activated cementitious precursor material (GACPM). In some embodiments, the GACPM is a mixture of granular slag (i.e., unground granular slag), such as GBFS, from steel industry waste, which is ground together with one or more grinding aids disclosed herein, optionally with the pozzolanic material, until the mixture is ground to the desired fineness. In some embodiments, one or more grinding aids improve grinding efficiency and reduce the grinding time required to prepare GACPM by about 10–50%, for example, about 10–33%, compared to the time required to achieve the same Blaine fineness from grinding a mixture of granular slag, e.g., GBFS, and optionally pozzolanic materials, in the absence of grinding aids. In some embodiments, one or more grinding aids increase the Blaine fineness of the resulting grinding material, and the Blaine fineness of GACPM is about 10–50%, for example, 10–33%, compared to the Blaine fineness obtained from grinding a mixture of granular slag, e.g., GBFS, and optionally pozzolanic materials, for the same period of time, in the absence of grinding aids.

[0007] In another embodiment, to prepare GACPM, the morphology of the ground GGBFS particles is improved and the amorphous glass particles of the GGBFS are activated by using the disclosed grinding aid during the process of grinding slag, e.g., GBFS. The resulting GACPM, containing the activated GGBFS particles, can be readily and uniformly dissolved with an alkaline activator and becomes rapidly reactive with calcium hydroxide or "free lime" (a by-product of Portland cement hydration) when used in geopolymer cement or in Portland cement as a partial substitution for Portland cement. In another embodiment, the GACPM disclosed herein has higher reactivity compared to GGBFS prepared by grinding in the absence of the disclosed grinding aid.

[0008] In another embodiment, the use of GACPM disclosed herein in the preparation of geopolymer cement (alkali-activated cement) by adding sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, or a combination thereof results in a remarkable increase of 5–40%, or for example 5–33%, in the compressive strength of further derivative products incorporating the same mortar, grout, and / or concrete, compared to equivalent conventional geopolymer mortar grout and / or concrete, when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28.

[0009] In another embodiment, the GACPM disclosed herein may also be co-ground with Portland cement clinker or blended with Portland cement, sand (fine aggregate), and water to prepare activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout (partially replacing a portion of Portland cement), with the Portland clinker and / or Portland cement and the GACPM co-ground or blended in a weight ratio of about 99:1 to about 10:90 by weight, respectively. In another embodiment, the GACPM disclosed herein may also be co-ground with Portland cement clinker or blended with Portland cement, sand (fine aggregate), coarse aggregate, and water to prepare activated Portland slag cement concrete (partially replacing a portion of Portland cement), with the Portland clinker and / or Portland cement and the GACPM co-ground or blended in a weight ratio of about 99:1 to about 10:90 by weight, respectively.

[0010] In another embodiment, when the GACPM disclosed herein is co-ground with Portland cement clinker or blended with Portland cement, the resulting activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout, when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28, has a higher compressive strength, e.g., about 5–40% higher, compared to a mortar-grout mixture of similar proportions of (i) Portland cement, (ii) GGBFS, (3) sand (fine aggregate), and (4) water. In another embodiment, when the GACPM disclosed herein is co-ground with Portland cement clinker or blended with Portland cement, the resulting activated Portland slag cement concrete, when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28, has a higher compressive strength, e.g., about 5–40% higher, compared to a concrete mixture of similar proportions of (i) Portland cement, (ii) GGBFS, (3) sand (fine aggregate), (4) coarse aggregate, and (5) water.

[0011] In another aspect, instead of using GGBFS for geopolymers cement and its mortar, grout, or concrete derivatives, use the GACPM disclosed herein, and / or instead of GGBFS in Portland cement / clinker, use the GACPM disclosed herein as co-ground or as a separate blend, and the mortar, grout, or concrete derivatives of Portland GACPM cement can reduce grinding time, energy, cost, and / or carbon emissions due to less grinding time and higher compressive strength.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0012] 4. Brief Description of the Drawings Exemplary embodiments are described with reference to the accompanying drawings. [Figure 1] The chart shows the effect of aluminum sulfate as a grinding aid on the Blaine fineness over a grinding period ranging from 30 minutes to 4 hours when co-ground with granulated slag (GBFS). This chart compares ground activated cementitious precursor material (GACPM) samples containing 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% aluminum sulfate with a control sample of granulated slag (GBFS) ground without a grinding aid. This comparison highlights the effect of various concentrations of aluminum sulfate on the fineness achieved within the same grinding duration. For example, to achieve a fineness of 400 m2 / kg (Blaine), the granulated slag required 195 minutes of grinding without a grinding additive. However, by using GACPM containing 1% aluminum sulfate as a grinding aid, the grinding time was reduced to just 115 minutes to reach the same 400 m2 / kg fineness. [Figure 2]This chart shows the effect of alum as a grinding aid on Blaine fineness over a grinding period ranging from 30 minutes to 4 hours when co-ground with granular slag (GBFS). The chart compares ground activated cementitious material (GACPM) samples containing 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% alum with a control sample of granular slag (GBFS) ground without a grinding aid. This comparison highlights the effect of various alum concentrations on the fineness achieved within the same grinding duration. For example, to achieve a fineness (Blaine) of 400 m² / kg, granular slag required 195 minutes of grinding without grinding additives. However, by using GACPM containing 1% alum as a grinding aid, the grinding time was reduced to just 125 minutes while achieving the same fineness of 400 m² / kg. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0013] 5. Modes for Carrying Out the Invention Where used herein, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms unless the context explicitly indicates otherwise. Where used herein, the term "and / or" should be understood to mean and include any and all possible combinations of one or more associated enumerated items. Where used herein, the terms "includes," "including," "comprises," and / or "comprising" should be understood to further elaborate on the presence of the described features, integers, steps, operations, and elements. Components, and / or units do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, units, and / or groups thereof.

[0014] As used herein and unless otherwise specified, the terms “about” and “approximately” when used in relation to a feature, quantity, percentage, or measurement, such as a weight percentage or compressive strength, a range of values ​​provided to characterize such features, quantities, percentages, or measurements, indicate that the value or range of values ​​may deviate to an extent that would be considered reasonable to a person skilled in the art, while still describing a particular feature, quantity, percentage, or measurement. For example, in specific embodiments, as used in this context and unless otherwise specified, the terms “about” and “approximately” indicate that the value or range of values ​​may vary within 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, 3%, 2%, 1.5%, 1%, 0.5%, or 0.25% of the listed value or range of values.

[0015] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “granular slag” is understood to mean “unground granular slag.” For example, granular blast furnace slag (GBFS) is a by-product of the steelmaking industry, obtained by quenching molten iron slag from a blast furnace with water or steam to produce a glassy granular product, which is then dried. In contrast, ground granular blast furnace slag (GGBFS) is a product resulting from grinding GBFS into a fine powder of the required fineness.

[0016] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “sand” refers to fine aggregate.

[0017] As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the term “coarse aggregate” is understood to include stone.

[0018] The compositions disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 11,168,028 ("028 Patent") were prepared to improve the rheological properties of cement materials (i.e., increasing working time, placement time, pot life, fluidity, mortar flow retention, and concrete slump retention). In particular, conventional crushed granular slag, such as crushed granular blast furnace slag (GGBFS), was blended with pozzolanic materials, alkali activators (such as sodium silicate, sodium hydroxide, or sodium carbonate), and chemical additives (such as sulfate or selenate compounds) to improve the working time of the resulting mortar or concrete composition when finally combined with sand, or sand and aggregate.

[0019] The grinding aids disclosed herein reduce the grinding time required to grind granular slag, with or without optional pozzolanic material, to prepare the resulting product, ground activated cementitious precursor material (GACPM). GACPM is more reactive than GGBFS prepared by grinding granular slag without the use of grinding aids.

[0020] In some embodiments, GACPM comprises a combination of granular slag (i.e., unground granular slag), a grinding aid, and optionally a pozzolanic material, which are ground together. In some embodiments, GACPM does not contain an alkali activator. In some embodiments, GACPM is prepared by grinding together a combination of granular slag (i.e., unground granular slag), a grinding aid, and optionally a pozzolanic material, which does not contain an alkali activator.

[0021] In some embodiments, granular slag is present in the GACPM in weight percentages of about 50–99.9% by weight, for example, about 75–99.9% by weight, 80–99.9% by weight, 80–99.9% by weight, 85–99.9% by weight, 90–99.9% by weight, 95–99.9% by weight, 97.5–99.9% by weight, 98–99.9% by weight, or 99–99.9% by weight, for example, at least 50% by weight, 60% by weight, 70% by weight, 75% by weight, 80% by weight, 85% by weight, 90% by weight, 95% by weight, 97% by weight, 98% or 99% by weight. In some embodiments, the granular slag is granular blast furnace slag (GBFS), or any other unground metallurgical slag, such as granular pig iron slag, granular steelmaking furnace slag, granular basic oxygen furnace slag, granular electric arc furnace slag, or a combination thereof, or comprising these.

[0022] In some embodiments, the grinding aid is present in the GACPM in weight percentages of about 0.1 to 10% by weight, for example, about 0.1 to 9% by weight, 0.1 to 8% by weight, 0.1 to 7% by weight, 0.1 to 6% by weight, 0.1 to 5% by weight, 0.1 to 4% by weight, 0.1 to 3% by weight, 0.1 to 2% by weight, 0.25 to 1.75% by weight, 0.5 to 1.5% by weight, 1 to 5% by weight, 5 to 10% by weight, or 3 to 8% by weight, for example, about 0.5% by weight, 1.0% by weight, 1.5% by weight, 2.0% by weight, 2.5% by weight, 3.0% by weight, 4.5% by weight, 5.0% by weight, 5.5% by weight, 6.0% by weight, 6.5% by weight, 7.0% by weight, 7.5% by weight, 8.0% by weight, 8.5% by weight, 9.0% by weight, or 9.5% by weight. In some embodiments, the grinding aid is i) Aluminum sulfate having the formula: Al2(SO4)3·nH2O (wherein n is 0 to 18, preferably 12), and / or ii) Alum having the formula: AB(SO4)X·nH2O (wherein A is K (potassium), Na (sodium), or NH4 (ammonium), B is Al (aluminum), Cr (chromium), Fe (iron), or Co (cobalt), x is 2 to 4, preferably 2, and n is 0 to 18, preferably 12), and / or iii) Sodium, potassium, or lithium salts of hydroxycarboxylic acids, wherein the hydroxycarboxylic acid contains citric acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, or malic acid, Or a combination of these, or including these.

[0023] In some embodiments, the grinding aid is aluminum sulfate or contains aluminum sulfate. In some embodiments, the grinding aid is alum or contains alum. In some embodiments, the grinding aid is a sodium, potassium, or lithium salt of a hydroxycarboxylic acid, such as a sodium, potassium, or lithium salt of citric acid, a sodium, potassium, or lithium salt of lactic acid, a sodium, potassium, or lithium salt of glycolic acid, a sodium, potassium, or lithium salt of tartaric acid, a sodium, potassium, or lithium salt of acetic acid, and / or a sodium, potassium, or lithium salt of malic acid, or a sodium, potassium, or lithium salt of hydroxycarboxylic acids, or contains these. In some embodiments, the grinding aid may be a hydroxycarboxylic acid neutralized with sodium, potassium, or lithium hydroxide or carbonate, but is not limited to citric acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, and malic acid. For example, the grinding aid may be a sodium lactate solution or a potassium lactate solution. In some embodiments, the liquid pulverizing aid (e.g., sodium lactate solution or potassium lactate solution) can have a solid content of 20-60%.

[0024] In some embodiments, the grinding aid is aluminum sulfate incorporated into the GACPM in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight, for example, 0.2 to 5% by weight, or 0.5 to 1.5% by weight, or includes the same.

[0025] In some embodiments, the grinding aid is alum incorporated into the GACPM in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight, for example, 0.2 to 5% by weight, or 0.5 to 1.5% by weight, or includes the same.

[0026] In some embodiments, the grinding aid is a mixture of sodium lactate solution (20-60% solids) incorporated into the GACPM in an amount of 0.1-10% by weight (liquid weight percent), for example, 0.2-5% by weight, or 0.5-1.5% by weight (liquid weight percent), or includes the same.

[0027] In some embodiments, the optional pozzolanic material is absent from the GACPM.

[0028] In some embodiments, an optional pozzolanic material is present in the GACPM. In some embodiments, the pozzolanic material is present in a pulverized precursor-activated cementitious precursor material in weight percentages of about 0–50 wt%, for example, about 0–45 wt%, 0–40 wt%, 0–35 wt%, 0–30 wt%, 0–25 wt%, 0–20 wt%, 0–15 wt%, 0–10 wt%, 0–5 wt%, 5–25 wt%, 10–20 wt%, or 10–15 wt%, for example, in weight percentages of at least 1 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, 25 wt%, 30 wt%, 35 wt%, 40 wt%, or 45 wt%, or in weight percentages of about 10 wt%, 12 wt%, 15 wt%, 20 wt%, or 25 wt%. In some embodiments, the pozzolanic material is or comprises fly ash, bottom ash, calcined clay, volcanic ash, pumice, silica fume, other aluminosilica glass, or combinations thereof, for example, F-class fly ash, class C fly ash, silica fume, natural pozzolanic material, glass, calcined clay, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the pozzolanic material is or comprises ASTM class F fly ash, or ASTM class C fly ash, or combinations thereof.

[0029] In some embodiments, the components used to prepare the GACPM disclosed herein, including a mixture of granular slag (unground), a grinding aid, and optionally a pozzolanic material, are ground together to form the GACPM, the resulting GACPM being 100-1000 m2 Blaine fineness in / kg, for example, about 150 - 1000, 200 - 1000, 250 - 1000, 300 - 1000, 350 - 1000, 400 - 1000, 450 - 1000, 500 - 1000, 550 - 1000, 600 - 1000, 650 - 1000, 700 - 1000, 750 - 1000, 800 - 1000, 850 - 1000, 900 - 1000, 950 - 1000, 100 - 300, 300 - 750, 400 - 800, 400 - 750, 450 - 700, or 500 - 1000 m 2 Blaine fineness in / kg, for example, at least 200, 300, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, or 900 m 2 Has a Blaine fineness of / kg. In some embodiments, the GACPM is 200 - 800 m 2 / kg or 300 - 600 m 2 / kg has a Blaine fineness. In some embodiments, the Blaine fineness (m 2 / kg) is measured using a Blaine permeability apparatus in accordance with ASTM C204 standard.

[0030] In some embodiments, the raw materials of the ground activated cementitious precursor material (GACPM) include a mixture of (a) unground granular slag, (b) a grinding aid, and (c) an optional pozzolanic material.

[0031] In some embodiments, the ground activated cementitious precursor material (GACPM) includes a mixture of raw materials that include (a) unground granular slag, and (b) a grinding aid, and (c) an optional pozzolanic material, which are ground together to achieve a Blaine fineness of 100 - 1000 m 2 / kg.

[0032] Grinding GBFS requires a significant amount of energy and cost and generates significant carbon emissions. For example, for GGBFS via grinding of GBFS, 400 - 500 m 2Achieving a blain fineness of 1 / kg typically requires approximately 40–50 kWh / ton of energy, resulting in approximately 8–10 kg / ton of carbon emissions and a cost of approximately US$6–7 per ton. In some embodiments, the grinding aids disclosed herein improve grinding efficiency and reduce the grinding time to prepare GACPM by approximately 10–50%, e.g., 10–33%, compared to the time required to achieve the same blain fineness from grinding granular slag and optionally a mixture of pozzolanic materials in the absence of the grinding aids. This efficiency leads to a cost and carbon emission reduction of approximately 10–50%, e.g., approximately 5–33%. In addition, during a fixed grinding time, the use of the grinding aids disclosed herein can improve the blain fineness of GACPM by approximately 10–50%, e.g., approximately 10–33%.

[0033] In particular, in some embodiments, methods for preparing GACPM are provided herein, which include grinding a mixture comprising (a) unground granular slag, (b) a grinding aid, and (c) optionally a pozzolanic material for a period of time, wherein the ground activated cementitious precursor material is approximately 100 to 1000 m 2It has a Blaine fineness of / kg. In some embodiments, the mixture ground to prepare GACPM does not contain alkali activators. Grinding time is an important variable influenced by factors such as the type of grinding mill, the size and amount of grinding balls, the amount of material being ground, and the mill's RPM. In some embodiments, the mixture for preparing GACPM is ground using a laboratory-scale grinding mill with three different ball sizes, a fixed amount of balls, and a standardized RPM. In some embodiments, the mixture for preparing GACPM is ground at the processing site using a concrete mixer or at a ready-mix concrete plant. When using different mills or settings, grinding time may vary, but the percentage of time reduced is consistent with the use of grinding aids. For example, in some embodiments, the grinding period is about 60 to 270 minutes, for example, about 90 to 270, 90 to 240, 120 to 240, 180 to 240, 210 to 240, 120 to 240, 150 to 240, 180 to 240, or 210 to 240 minutes, for example, the grinding period is at least 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, or 240 minutes. In some embodiments, the Blaine fineness (m 2 The value ( / kg) is measured using a Blaine ventilator in accordance with the ASTM C204 standard.

[0034] In some embodiments, the Blaine fineness of GACPM is finer than that obtained by grinding a mixture of (a) granular slag and (c) optionally pozzolanic material for a period of time in the absence of grinding aid (b). In some embodiments, the Blaine fineness of GACPM is about 10-50% finer than that obtained by grinding a mixture of (a) granular slag and (c) optionally pozzolanic material for a period of time in the absence of grinding aid (b). For example, in some embodiments, the Blaine fineness of GACPM is about 15-50%, 20-50%, 25-50%, 30-50%, 35-50%, 40-50%, 45-50%, 15-30%, 15-40%, or 20-35% finer compared to the Blaine fineness obtained from grinding a mixture of (a) granular slag and (c) optionally pozzolanic material for the duration of time in the absence of grinding aid (b), for example, at least 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, or 45% finer.

[0035] In some embodiments, the grinding aid reduces the time required to achieve the Blaine fineness of GACPM compared to the time required to achieve the same Blaine fineness by grinding (a) granular slag and (c) optionally a mixture of pozzolanic materials in the absence of the grinding aid (b). In some embodiments, the time required to achieve the Blaine fineness of GACPM is reduced by approximately 10-50% compared to the time required to achieve the same Blaine fineness by grinding (a) granular slag and (c) optionally a mixture of pozzolanic materials in the absence of the grinding aid (b). For example, in some embodiments, the time required to achieve the Blaine fineness of GACPM is reduced by approximately 15-50%, 20-50%, 25-50%, 30-50%, 35-50%, 40-50%, 45-50%, 15-30%, 15-40%, or 20-35% compared to the time required to achieve the same Blaine fineness from grinding (a) granular slag and (c) optionally a mixture of pozzolanic materials in the absence of grinding aid (b), for example, by at least 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, or 45%.

[0036] In some embodiments, the grinding aid reduces the amount of carbon emissions generated over the period required to achieve the Blaine fineness of the GACPM compared to the amount of carbon emissions generated over the same period required to achieve the same Blaine fineness from grinding (a) granular slag and (c) optionally a mixture of pozzolanic materials in the absence of the grinding aid (b). In some embodiments, the amount of carbon emissions generated over the period required to achieve the Blaine fineness of the GACPM is reduced by approximately 10-50% compared to the same period required to achieve the same Blaine fineness from grinding (a) granular slag and (c) optionally a mixture of pozzolanic materials in the absence of the grinding aid (b). For example, in some embodiments, the amount of carbon emissions generated over the period required to achieve the Braine fineness of GACPM is reduced by approximately 15-50%, 20-50%, 25-50%, 30-50%, 35-50%, 40-50%, 45-50%, 15-30%, 15-40%, or 20-35% compared to the same period required to achieve the same Braine fineness from grinding (a) granular slag and (c) optionally a mixture of pozzolanic materials in the absence of grinding aid (b), for example, by at least 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, or 45%.

[0037] In some embodiments, when GBFS is ground in the absence of grinding aids, 499m is obtained after 4 hours of grinding. 2 GGBFS with a Blaine fineness of 651m / kg was produced. In contrast, using a grinding aid, for example 1% aluminum sulfate, resulted in a GACPM fineness of 651m over the same 4-hour period. 2 Increasing the amount per kg resulted in a 30.5% improvement in the degree of powderiness. In another embodiment, without a grinding aid, 500 m 2 It took 4 hours to produce GGBFS with a fineness of 530 m / kg, but when a grinding aid, such as 1% aluminum sulfate, was added, the resulting GACPM had a fineness of 530 m / kg. 2 The time to reach the target weight was reduced to just 3 hours, thus shortening the grinding time by 33%.

[0038] In some embodiments, the activated geopolymer cement can be prepared by blending a mixture of GACPM and one or more alkali activators. In some embodiments, the one or more alkali activators include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium silicate, potassium silicate, sodium carbonate, or potassium carbonate, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the one or more alkali activators are present in the activated geopolymer cement in weight percent of about 0.5 to 10%, for example, about 0.5 to 9%, 0.5 to 8%, 1 to 9%, 1 to 8%, 1 to 5%, 3 to 10%, 3 to 8%, or 5 to 10%, for example, at least 0.5%, 1%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 8%, or 9% by weight. In some embodiments, one or more alkali activators are sodium hydroxide and / or potassium hydroxide, or contain sodium hydroxide and / or potassium hydroxide, and are present in the activated geopolymer cement in weight percent of about 0.5 to 10% by weight, 0.5 to 8% by weight, 1 to 6% by weight, 1 to 5% by weight, 1 to 4% by weight, 1 to 3% by weight, 2 to 5% by weight, 3 to 5% by weight, 6 to 10% by weight, or 7 to 9% by weight, preferably about 0.5 to 8% by weight. Optionally, one or more alkali activators are sodium hydroxide and / or potassium hydroxide, or contain sodium hydroxide and / or potassium hydroxide, and are present in the activated geopolymer cement in weight percent of about 1% by weight, 2% by weight, 3% by weight, 4% by weight, 5% by weight, 6% by weight, 7% by weight, 8% by weight, 9% by weight, or 10% by weight, preferably about 1 to 5% by weight, preferably about 3% by weight, 4% by weight, or 5% by weight.In some embodiments, one or more alkali activators are sodium silicate and / or potassium silicate and / or sodium carbonate and / or potassium carbonate, or comprising them, and are present in the activated geopolymer cement in weight percent of about 0.5 to 10% by weight, 0.5 to 8% by weight, 1 to 6% by weight, 1 to 5% by weight, 1 to 4% by weight, 1 to 3% by weight, 2 to 5% by weight, 3 to 5% by weight, 6 to 10% by weight, or 7 to 9% by weight, preferably about 1 to 10% by weight. Optionally, one or more alkali activators are sodium silicate and / or potassium silicate and / or sodium carbonate and / or potassium carbonate, or comprising them, and are present in the activated geopolymer cement in weight percent of about 1% by weight, 2% by weight, 3% by weight, 4% by weight, 5% by weight, 6% by weight, 7% by weight, 8% by weight, 9% by weight, or 10% by weight, preferably about 1 to 5% by weight, preferably about 3% by weight, 4% by weight, or 5% by weight.

[0039] In some embodiments, the activated geopolymer cement may comprise the following weight percentages: 80–97% by weight of GACPM, 1–12% by weight of sodium hydroxide / potassium, and 1–12% by weight of a combination of sodium silicate / potassium or sodium carbonate / potassium components.

[0040] In some embodiments, the grinding aid improves the blain fineness of the ground activated cementitious material by 10% to 33% in the same grinding time. In some embodiments, the grinding aid reduces the grinding time of the ground activated cementitious material by 10% to 33% to achieve a similar blain fineness.

[0041] In some embodiments, the GACPM disclosed herein is prepared by grinding a mixture of (a) granular slag (i.e., unground granular slag), (b) a grinding aid, and (c) optionally a pozzolanic material.

[0042] In some embodiments, GACPM can be used in combination with one or more alkali activators disclosed herein, such as sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, or a combination thereof, in geopolymer alkali-activated cement, geopolymer mortar, and geopolymer concrete, wherein sodium hydroxide is present in an amount ranging from 0.5% to 8% by weight of the pulverized activated cementitious material, and sodium silicate and / or sodium carbonate is present in an amount ranging from 1% to 10% by weight of the pulverized activated cementitious material.

[0043] In some embodiments, GACPM can be used as a partial replacement for Portland clinker by co-grinding it in a ratio of 95:5 to 10:90 for use in Portland cement derivatives, mortar, grout, or concrete.

[0044] In some embodiments, GACPM can be used as a partial replacement for Portland cement by blending it with Portland cement in a ratio ranging from 95:5 to 10:90 for use in Portland cement derivatives, mortar, grout, or concrete.

[0045] In some embodiments, activated geopolymer mortar or grout other than Portland clinker or Portland cement can be prepared by a combination of GACPM, an alkali activator, sand (fine aggregate), and water. In some embodiments, the activated geopolymer mortar or grout disclosed herein has about 1 part cement and about 1 to 8 parts sand, with a (W / C) weight ratio of water to cement of about 0.2 to 0.8. In some embodiments, the activated geopolymer mortar or grout has about 1 part cement and about 1 to 3 or 2 to 5 parts sand, with a (W / C) weight ratio of water to cement of about 0.2 to 0.8. In some embodiments, the activated geopolymer mortar or grout has about 1 part cement and about 2 to 3 parts sand, with a (W / C) weight ratio of water to cement of about 0.2 to 0.8. In some embodiments, the activated geopolymer mortar or grout comprises about 1 part cement and about 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, or 8 parts sand. In some embodiments, the (W / C) weight ratio of water to cement is about 0.2–0.6, 0.2–0.5, 0.2–0.4, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.3–0.5, 0.3–0.4, 0.4–0.6, 0.4–0.5, 0.5–0.6, or 0.5–0.8, for example, about 0.3–0.6, for example, about 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, or 0.8. In some embodiments, the activated geopolymer mortar or grout has about 1 part cement and about 2 parts sand, with a (W / C) weight ratio of water to cement of about 0.35. In some embodiments, the sand is ASTM C33 sand.

[0046] In some embodiments, activated geopolymer mortar or grout has a higher compressive strength compared to conventional geopolymer mortar, when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28. For example, in some embodiments, activated geopolymer mortar or grout has a compressive strength that is approximately 5-40% higher, for example, approximately 5-33% higher, when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28, compared to conventional geopolymer mortar. In some embodiments, activated geopolymer mortar or grout has a compressive strength that is approximately 5-35%, 5-33%, 5-30%, 5-25%, 5-20%, 5-15%, 5-10%, 10-40%, 10-35%, 10-33%, 10-30%, 10-25%, 10-20%, 10-15%, 15-40%, 15- Compressive strength 35%, 15-33%, 15-30%, 15-25%, 15-20%, 20-40%, 20-35%, 20-33%, 20-30%, 20-25%, 25-40%, 25-35%, 25-33%, 25-30%, 30-40%, 30-35%, or 35-40% higher, for example, having compressive strength approximately 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 33%, 35%, or 40% higher.

[0047] In some embodiments, activated geopolymer concrete, excluding Portland clinker or Portland cement, can be prepared on-site or at a ready-mix concrete plant using a concrete mixer by a combination of GACPM, alkali activator, sand (fine aggregate), coarse aggregate, and water. In some embodiments, activated geopolymer concrete can be mixed according to the American Concrete Association (ACI) concrete mix design method, ACI211: Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete, and the activated geopolymer range is 200 kg / m³ to achieve a compressive strength of 15-70 MPa on day 28. 3 ~500kg / m 3 Therefore, replace GGBFS with GAPCM as disclosed herein.

[0048] In some embodiments, activated Portland slag cement is provided, comprising a blend mixture of Portland cement and GACPM as disclosed herein. In some embodiments, activated Portland slag cement is provided, comprising a crushed (ground) mixture of Portland clinker and GACPM as disclosed herein.

[0049] In some embodiments, an activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout is provided, comprising a blend mixture of i) Portland cement, ii) GACPM as disclosed herein, iii) sand (fine aggregate), and iv) water, wherein the Portland cement and GACPM as disclosed herein are blended in a weight ratio of about 99:1 to about 10:90, optionally about 95:5 to about 10:90. In some embodiments, an activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout is provided, comprising a crushed (ground) mixture of i) Portland clinker, ii) GACPM as disclosed herein, iii) sand (fine aggregate), and iv) water, wherein the Portland clinker and GACPM as disclosed herein are crushed in a weight ratio of about 99:1 to about 10:90, optionally about 95:5 to about 10:90. In some embodiments, the activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout has about 1 part cement and about 1 to 8 parts sand, with a (W / C) weight ratio of water to cement of about 0.2 to 0.8. For example, in some embodiments, the activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout has about 1 part cement and about 1 to 3 parts sand, with a (W / C) weight ratio of water to cement of about 0.2 to 0.8, for example, about 1 part cement and about 2 to 3 parts sand or about 2 to 5 parts sand, with a (W / C) weight ratio of water to cement of about 0.2 to 0.8. In some embodiments, the activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout has about 1 part cement and about 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, or 8 parts sand. In some embodiments, the (W / C) weight ratio of water to cement is about 0.2–0.6, 0.2–0.5, 0.2–0.4, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.3–0.5, 0.3–0.4, 0.4–0.6, 0.4–0.5, 0.5–0.6, or 0.5–0.8, for example, about 0.3–0.6. In some embodiments, the (W / C) weight ratio of water to cement is about 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, or 0.8.In some embodiments, the activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout has about 1 part cement and about 2.75 parts sand, with a (W / C) weight ratio of water to cement of about 0.48. In some embodiments, the sand is ASTM C33 sand.

[0050] In some embodiments, activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout has a higher compressive strength when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28 compared to a mortar grout mixture of similar proportions of (i) Portland cement, (ii) GGBFS, (3) sand, and (4) water. In some embodiments, activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout has a compressive strength that is approximately 5–40% higher, for example, approximately 5–33% higher, when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28 compared to a mortar grout mixture of similar proportions of (i) Portland cement, (ii) GGBFS, (3) sand, and (4) water. In some embodiments, activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout, compared to mortar grout mixtures of similar proportions of (i) Portland cement, (ii) GGBFS, (3) sand, and (4) water, measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28, showed approximately 5-35%, 5-33%, 5-30%, 5-25%, 5-20%, 5-15%, 5-10%, 10-40%, and 10-3%. It has a compressive strength that is 5%, 10-33%, 10-30%, 10-25%, 10-20%, 10-15%, 15-40%, 15-35%, 15-33%, 15-30%, 15-25%, 15-20%, 20-40%, 20-35%, 20-33%, 20-30%, 20-25%, 25-40%, 25-35%, 25-33%, 25-30%, 30-40%, 30-35%, or 35-40% higher. In some embodiments, activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout has approximately 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 33%, 35%, or 40% higher compressive strength when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28 compared to mortar-grout mixtures of similar proportions of (i) Portland cement, (ii) GGBFS, (3) sand, and (4) water.

[0051] In some embodiments, activated Portland slag cement concrete is provided, comprising a blend mixture of i) Portland cement, ii) GACPM as disclosed herein, iii) sand (fine aggregate), iv) coarse aggregate, and v) water, wherein the Portland cement and GACPM are blended together in a weight ratio of about 99:1 to about 10:90, optionally about 95:5 to about 10:90. In some embodiments, activated Portland slag cement concrete is provided, comprising a crushed mixture of i) Portland clinker, ii) GACPM as disclosed herein, iii) sand (fine aggregate), iv) coarse aggregate, and v) water, wherein the Portland clinker and GACPM are crushed together in a weight ratio of about 99:1 to about 10:90, optionally about 95:5 to about 10:90. In some embodiments, for a target 28-day strength of 15–60 MPa, the activated Portland slag cement concrete has an activated Portland slag cement content of 200–500 kg / m³ in accordance with ACI211 (American Concrete Association). 3The mixture is designed with a slump of 0–25 cm and optionally 20–60 MPa, and GGBFS is substituted with GAPCM as disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the sand is ASTM C33 sand (fine aggregate). In some embodiments, the coarse aggregate is any grade of ASTM C33 (see Table 2). In some embodiments, the activated Portland slag cement concrete has higher compressive strength when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28 compared to a concrete mixture of similar proportions of (i) Portland cement, (ii) GGBFS, (3) sand (fine aggregate), (4) coarse aggregate, and (5) water. In some embodiments, activated Portland slag cement concrete has a compressive strength that is approximately 5-40%, for example, approximately 5-33%, higher than concrete mixtures of similar proportions of (i) Portland cement, (ii) GGBFS, (3) sand (fine aggregate), (4) coarse aggregate, and (5) water, when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28. It has a compressive strength that is ~35%, 10~33%, 10~30%, 10~25%, 10~20%, 10~15%, 15~40%, 15~35%, 15~33%, 15~30%, 15~25%, 15~20%, 20~40%, 20~35%, 20~33%, 20~30%, 20~25%, 25~40%, 25~35%, 25~33%, 25~30%, 30~40%, 30~35%, or 35~40% higher. In some embodiments, activated Portland slag cement concrete has a compressive strength approximately 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 33%, 35%, or 40% higher than concrete mixtures of similar proportions of (i) Portland cement, (ii) GGBFS, (3) sand, (4) coarse aggregate, and (5) water, as measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28.

[0052] In some embodiments, activated geopolymer concrete has a higher compressive strength compared to conventional geopolymer concrete at similar cement levels, as measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28. In some embodiments, activated geopolymer concrete has a compressive strength that is approximately 5-40% higher, for example, approximately 5-33% higher, compared to conventional geopolymer concrete at similar cement levels, as measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28. In some embodiments, activated geopolymer concrete has a compressive strength that is approximately 5-35%, 5-33%, 5-30%, 5-25%, 5-20%, 5-15%, 5-10%, 10-40%, 10-35%, 10-33%, 10-30%, 10-25%, 10-20%, 10-15%, 15-40%, and 15-35% higher, compared to conventional geopolymer concrete, as measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28. Compressive strength that is 15-33%, 15-30%, 15-25%, 15-20%, 20-40%, 20-35%, 20-33%, 20-30%, 20-25%, 25-40%, 25-35%, 25-33%, 25-30%, 30-40%, 30-35%, or 35-40% higher, for example, having a compressive strength that is approximately 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 33%, 35%, or 40% higher.

[0053] In some embodiments, geopolymer mortar prepared with conventional geopolymer mortar, such as GGBFS prepared by grinding GBFS without the use of grinding aids, achieved compressive strengths of 16.3 MPa on day 1, 21.0 MPa on day 3, 27.1 MPa on day 7, and 42.4 MPa on day 28. In comparison, in several embodiments, activated geopolymer mortars (e.g., GBFS) prepared using GACPM by grinding granular slag in the presence of a grinding aid, with a weight percentage ratio of 99% granular slag (e.g., GBFS), 0% pozzolanic material, and 1% grinding aid (e.g., 1% aluminum sulfate), achieved compressive strengths of 18.7 MPa on day 1, 25.2 MPa on day 3, 33.1 MPa on day 7, and 53.5 MPa on day 28. The grinding aid improved the compressive strength of the activated geopolymer mortar by 14.72% on day 1, 20% on day 3, 22.1% on day 7, and 26.2% on day 28, respectively, when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28, compared to conventional geopolymer mortar.

[0054] In some embodiments, conventional geopolymer concrete, for example, 280 kg / m³, is used. 3 Cement, 727 kg / m 3 Fine aggregate, 1319 kg / m 3Concrete made with geopolymer cement using GGBFS prepared by grinding GBFS without the use of a grinding agent, in a mixing design with coarse aggregate and a water-to-cement (W / C) ratio of 0.45, achieved compressive strengths of 3.1 MPa on day 1, 12.5 MPa on day 3, 19.6 MPa on day 7, and 27.5 MPa on day 28. In comparison, in some embodiments, a similar mixing design using GACPM (prepared by grinding granular slag, e.g., GBFS, in the presence of a grinding aid such as 1% aluminum sulfate as a grinding aid) resulted in activated geopolymer concrete with increased compressive strengths compared to conventional geopolymer concrete, measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28, respectively: 6.4 MPa on day 1, 15.8 MPa on day 3, 24.5 MPa on day 7, and 36.1 MPa on day 28.

[0055] In some embodiments, conventional geopolymer concrete, for example, 440 kg / m³ 3 Cement, 550.9 kg / m 3 Fine aggregate, 1319 kg / m 3 Concrete prepared with geopolymer cement using GGBFS prepared by grinding GBFS without the use of a grinding agent, in a mixed design with coarse aggregate and a W / C ratio of 0.38, achieved compressive strengths of 14.3 MPa on day 1, 24.2 MPa on day 3, 33.4 MPa on day 7, and 44.2 MPa on day 28. In comparison, in some embodiments, the same mixed design prepared with granular slag, such as GACPM prepared by grinding GBFS, in the presence of a grinding aid such as 1% aluminum sulfate as a grinding aid, resulted in activated geopolymer concrete with increased compressive strengths of 17.2 MPa on day 1, 27.1 MPa on day 3, 38.2 MPa on day 7, and 51.0 MPa on day 28, when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28, respectively, compared to conventional geopolymer concrete.

[0056] In some embodiments, GACPM is blended with Portland cement as a partial replacement for Portland cement to provide activated Portland slag cement in Portland cement to

[0057] In some embodiments, mortar prepared in accordance with ASTM C109 using a 50:50 blend of Portland cement and crushed blast furnace slag without a crushing aid (i.e., GGBFS) achieved compressive strengths of 2.6 MPa on day 1, 12.3 MPa on day 3, 23.0 MPa on day 7, and 32.1 MPa on day 28. In comparison, under the same conditions, mortar prepared using a 50:50 blend of Portland cement and GACPM (crushed with 1% aluminum sulfate as a crushing aid) reached compressive strengths of 4.7 MPa on day 1, 17.0 MPa on day 3, 32.3 MPa on day 7, and 41.9 MPa on day 28.

[0058] 6. Exemplary Embodiments One or more of the following exemplary embodiments (for example, including all of them) may include each or part of the other embodiments.

[0059] A1. A pulverized activated cementum precursor material (GACPM), which is a pulverized mixture, for example, (a) Granular slag (i.e., unground granular slag) and (b) Grinding aid and (c) The pulverized activated cementitious precursor material (GACPM), which optionally includes a mixture of a pozzolanic material and a mixture of the pulverized material. A2. The crushed activated cementitious precursor material according to Embodiment A1, wherein the granular slag includes granular blast furnace slag (GBFS), granular pig iron slag, granular steelmaking furnace slag, granular basic oxygen furnace slag, granular electric arc furnace slag, or a combination thereof. A3. The aforementioned grinding aid is i) Aluminum sulfate having the formula: Al2(SO4)3·nH2O (wherein n is 0 to 18, preferably 12), ii) Formula: AB(SO4) X · Alum having nH2O (wherein A is K (potassium), Na (sodium), or NH4 (ammonium), B is Al (aluminum), Cr (chromium), Fe (iron), or Co (cobalt), x is 2 to 4, preferably 2, and n is 0 to 18, preferably 12), and / or iii) A sodium salt, potassium salt, or lithium salt of a hydroxycarboxylic acid, wherein the hydroxycarboxylic acid contains citric acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, or malic acid, A pulverized activated cementitious precursor material according to Embodiment A1 or A2, including a combination thereof. A4. A pulverized activated cementum precursor material according to any one of Embodiments A1 to A3, wherein the pulverizing aid comprises a combination of aluminum sulfate and alum or aluminum sulfate and the sodium, potassium, or lithium salt of the hydroxycarboxylic acid. A5. A pulverized activated cementum precursor material according to any one of Embodiments A1 to A3, wherein the pulverizing aid comprises a combination of the alum and the sodium salt, potassium salt, or lithium salt of the hydroxycarboxylic acid. A6. The pulverized activated cementitious precursor material according to any one of Embodiments A1 to A5, wherein the granular slag is present in the pulverized precursor activated cementitious precursor material in an amount of about 50 to 99.9% by weight. A7. The pulverized activated cementitious precursor material according to any one of embodiments A1 to A6, wherein the granular slag is present in the pulverized activated cementitious precursor material in an amount of about 75 to 99.9% by weight. A8. The pulverized activated cementum precursor material according to any one of Embodiments A1 and A7, wherein the granular slag is present in the pulverized precursor activated cementum precursor material in a weight percentage of approximately 80-99.9% by weight, 80-99.9% by weight, 85-99.9% by weight, 90-99.9% by weight, 95-99.9% by weight, 97.5-99.9% by weight, 98-99.9% by weight, or 99-99.9% by weight. A9. The pulverized activated cementite precursor material according to any one of embodiments A1 to A8, wherein the granular slag is present in the pulverized activated cementite precursor material in a weight percentage of at least 50% by weight, 60% by weight, 70% by weight, 75% by weight, 80% by weight, 85% by weight, 90% by weight, 95% by weight, 97% by weight, 98% or 99% by weight. A10. The pulverized activated cementum precursor material according to any one of Embodiments A1 to A9, wherein the pulverizing aid is present in the pulverized precursor activated cementum precursor material in an amount of about 0.1 to 10% by weight. A11. The pulverized activated cementite precursor material according to any one of embodiments A1 to A10, wherein the pulverizing aid is present in the pulverized activated cementite precursor material in a weight percentage of approximately 0.1 to 9% by weight, 0.1 to 8% by weight, 0.1 to 7% by weight, 0.1 to 6% by weight, 0.1 to 5% by weight, 0.1 to 4% by weight, 0.1 to 3% by weight, 0.1 to 2% by weight, 0.25 to 1.75% by weight, 0.5 to 1.5% by weight, 1 to 5% by weight, 5 to 10% by weight, or 3 to 8% by weight. A12. The pulverized activated cementite precursor material according to any one of Embodiments A1 to A11, wherein the pulverizing aid is present in the pulverized activated cementite precursor material in a weight percentage of about 0.5% by weight, 1.0% by weight, 1.5% by weight, 2.0% by weight, 2.5% by weight, 3.0% by weight, 4.5% by weight, 5.0% by weight, 5.5% by weight, 6.0% by weight, 6.5% by weight, 7.0% by weight, 7.5% by weight, 8.0% by weight, 8.5% by weight, 9.0% by weight, or 9.5% by weight. A13. A pulverized activated cementitious precursor material according to any one of Embodiments A1 to A12, wherein the pulverizing aid is aluminum sulfate or contains aluminum sulfate. A14. A pulverized activated cementum precursor material according to any one of Embodiments A1 to A13, wherein the pulverizing aid is alum or contains alum. A15. A pulverized activated cementum precursor material according to any one of Embodiments A1 to A14, wherein the pulverizing aid is a sodium salt, potassium salt, or lithium salt of a hydroxycarboxylic acid, or contains the same. A16. A pulverized activated cementum precursor material according to any one of Embodiments A1 to A15, wherein the pulverizing aid is a sodium salt, potassium salt, or lithium salt of citric acid, or contains the same. A17. A pulverized activated cementum precursor material according to any one of Embodiments A1 to A16, wherein the pulverizing aid is a sodium salt, potassium salt, or lithium salt of lactic acid, or contains the same. A18. A pulverized activated cementum precursor material according to any one of Embodiments A1 to A17, wherein the pulverizing aid is a sodium salt, potassium salt, or lithium salt of glycolic acid, or contains these. A19. A pulverized activated cementitious precursor material according to any one of Embodiments A1 to A18, wherein the pulverizing aid is a sodium salt, potassium salt, or lithium salt of tartaric acid, or contains the same. A20. A pulverized activated cementum precursor material according to any one of Embodiments A1 to A19, wherein the pulverizing aid is a sodium salt, potassium salt, or lithium salt of acetate, or contains the same. A21. A pulverized activated cementitious precursor material according to any one of Embodiments A1 to A20, wherein the pulverizing aid is a sodium salt, potassium salt, or lithium salt of malic acid, or contains the same. A22. The pulverized activated cementitious precursor material according to any one of Embodiments A1 to A21, wherein the pulverized activated cementitious precursor material does not contain the pozzolanic material (i.e., 0% by weight). A23. The pulverized activated cementitious precursor material according to any one of Embodiments A1 to A21, wherein the optional pozzolanic material is present in the pulverized activated cementitious precursor material, and optionally, the pozzolanic material is present in the pulverized precursor activated cementitious precursor material in a weight percentage of about 0 to 50% by weight, for example, about 0 to 45% by weight, 0 to 40% by weight, 0 to 35% by weight, 0 to 30% by weight, 0 to 25% by weight, 0 to 20% by weight, 0 to 15% by weight, 0 to 10% by weight, 0 to 5% by weight, 5 to 25% by weight, 10 to 20% by weight, or 10 to 15% by weight. A24. The pulverized activated cementitious precursor material according to Embodiment A23, wherein the pozzolanic material is present in the pulverized activated cementitious precursor material in a weight percentage greater than 0% by weight, for example, at least 1% by weight, 5% by weight, 10% by weight, 15% by weight, 20% by weight, 25% by weight, 30% by weight, 35% by weight, 40% by weight, or 45% by weight. A25. The pulverized activated cementitious precursor material according to any one of embodiments A22 to A24, wherein the pozzolanic material is present in the pulverized activated cementitious precursor material in a weight percentage of about 10% by weight, 12% by weight, 15% by weight, 20% by weight, or 25% by weight. A26. A pulverized activated cementitious precursor material according to any one of Embodiments A1 to A25, wherein the pozzolanic material comprises F fly ash, Class C fly ash, silica fume, natural pozzolanic material, glass, calcined clay, or a mixture thereof. A27. The pulverized precursor activated cementum precursor material is approximately 100-1000 m 2 A pulverized activated cementitious precursor material according to any one of Embodiments A1 to A26, having a Blaine powderiness of / kg. A28. The Brain fineness of the pulverized precursor activated cementum precursor material is approximately 150-1000, 200-1000, 250-1000, 300-1000, 350-1000, 400-1000, 450-1000, 500-1000, 550-1000, 600-1000, 650-1000, 700-1000, 750-1000, 800-1000, 850-1000, 900-1000, 950-1000, 100-300, 300-750, 400-800, 400-750, 450-700, or 500-1000m. 2 A crushed activated cementitious precursor material according to Embodiment A27, which is / kg. A29. The pulverized activated cementum precursor material according to Embodiment A26, wherein the Blaine fineness of the pulverized precursor activated cementum precursor material is at least 200, 300, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, or 900 m2 / kg. A30. The aforementioned Blaine powderiness (m 2 A pulverized activated cementitious precursor material according to any one of Embodiments A1 to A29, wherein the weight ( / kg) is measured using a Blaine permeable apparatus in accordance with the ASTM C204 standard. A31. The pulverized activated cementum precursor material according to any one of Embodiments A1 to A30, wherein the pulverized activated cementum precursor material does not contain an alkali activator. A32. An activated geopolymer cement comprising a blend mixture of a pulverized activated cementitious precursor material described in any one of Embodiments A1 to A31 and one or more alkali activators, wherein the blend mixture is optionally pulverized or mixed. A33. The activated geopolymer cement according to Embodiment A32, wherein one or more alkali activators include sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, or a combination thereof. A34. The activated geopolymer cement according to Embodiment A32 or A33, wherein one or more alkali activators are present in the activated geopolymer cement in a weight percentage of about 0.5 to 10% by weight. A35. The activated geopolymer cement according to any one of embodiments A32 to A34, wherein one or more alkali activators are present in the activated geopolymer cement in a weight percentage of about 0.5 to 9% by weight, 0.5 to 8% by weight, 1 to 9% by weight, 1 to 8% by weight, 1 to 5% by weight, 3 to 10% by weight, 3 to 8% by weight, and 5 to 10% by weight. A36. The activated geopolymer cement according to any one of embodiments A32 to A35, wherein one or more alkali activators are present in the activated geopolymer cement in a weight percentage of at least 0.5% by weight, 1% by weight, 3% by weight, 4% by weight, 5% by weight, 8% by weight, or 9% by weight. A37. The activated geopolymer cement according to any one of embodiments A32 to A36, wherein the one or more alkali activators is sodium hydroxide or contains sodium hydroxide and is present in the activated geopolymer cement in a weight percentage of about 0.5 to 10% by weight, 0.5 to 8% by weight, 1 to 6% by weight, 1 to 5% by weight, 1 to 4% by weight, 1 to 3% by weight, 2 to 5% by weight, 3 to 5% by weight, 6 to 10% by weight, or 7 to 9% by weight, preferably about 0.5 to 8% by weight, and optionally, the one or more alkali activators is sodium hydroxide or contains sodium hydroxide and is present in the activated geopolymer cement in a weight percentage of about 1% by weight, 2% by weight, 3% by weight, 4% by weight, 5% by weight, 6% by weight, 7% by weight, 8% by weight, 9% by weight, or 10% by weight, preferably about 1 to 5% by weight, preferably about 3% by weight, 4% by weight, or 5% by weight. A38. The one or more alkali activators are sodium silicate and / or sodium carbonate, or contain sodium silicate and / or sodium carbonate, and are present in the activated geopolymer cement in a weight percentage of about 0.5-10% by weight, 0.5-8% by weight, 1-6% by weight, 1-5% by weight, 1-4% by weight, 1-3% by weight, 2-5% by weight, 3-5% by weight, 6-10% by weight, or 7-9% by weight, preferably about 1-10% by weight, and optionally, the one or more alkali activators The activated geopolymer cement according to any one of embodiments A32 to A37, wherein the activating agent is sodium silicate and / or sodium carbonate, or comprises sodium silicate and / or sodium carbonate, and is present in the activated geopolymer cement in a weight percentage of about 1% by weight, 2% by weight, 3% by weight, 4% by weight, 5% by weight, 6% by weight, 7% by weight, 8% by weight, 9% by weight, or 10% by weight, preferably about 1 to 5% by weight, preferably about 3% by weight, 4% by weight, or 5% by weight. A39. An activated geopolymer mortar or grout comprising activated geopolymer cement, sand, and water as described in any of embodiments A32 to A38. A40. The activated geopolymer mortar or grout according to Embodiment A39, wherein the activated geopolymer mortar or grout has about 1 part cement and about 1 to 8 parts sand in a (W / C) weight ratio of water to cement of about 0.2 to 0.6. A41. The activated geopolymer mortar or grout according to Embodiment A39 or A40, wherein the activated geopolymer mortar or grout has about 1 part cement and about 1 to 8 parts sand in a (W / C) weight ratio of water to cement of about 0.2 to 0.6. A42. The activated geopolymer mortar or grout according to Embodiment A39 or A40, wherein the activated geopolymer mortar or grout comprises about 1 part cement and about 2 to 5 parts sand, for example, about 2 to 4 parts sand or about 2 to 3 parts sand, in a (W / C) weight ratio of water to cement of about 0.2 to 0.6. A43. The activated geopolymer mortar or grout according to Embodiment A39 or A40, wherein the activated geopolymer mortar or grout comprises about 1 part cement and about 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 parts sand. A44. An activated geopolymer mortar or grout according to any one of Embodiments A39 to A43, wherein the (W / C) weight ratio of water to cement is approximately 0.2-0.5, 0.2-0.4, 0.2-0.3, 0.3-0.6, 0.3-0.5, 0.3-0.4, 0.4-0.6, 0.4-0.5, or 0.5-0.6. A45. The activated geopolymer mortar or grout according to Embodiment A44, wherein the (W / C) weight ratio of water to cement is approximately 0.3 to 0.5. A46. The activated geopolymer mortar or grout according to Embodiment A44, wherein the (W / C) weight ratio of water to cement is approximately 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, or 0.6. A47. The activated geopolymer mortar or grout according to Embodiment A39 or A40, wherein the activated geopolymer mortar or grout has about 1 part cement and about 2 parts sand in a (W / C) weight ratio of water to cement of about 0.35. A48. An activated geopolymer mortar or grout according to any one of embodiments A39 to A47, wherein the sand is ASTM C33 sand. A49. The activated geopolymer mortar or grout according to any one of Embodiments A39 to A48, wherein the activated geopolymer mortar or grout has a higher compressive strength when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28 compared to conventional geopolymer mortar. A50. The activated geopolymer mortar or grout according to any one of Embodiments A39 to A48, wherein the activated geopolymer mortar or grout has a compressive strength that is approximately 5 to 40% higher, for example, approximately 5 to 33% higher, when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28, compared to conventional geopolymer mortar. A51. The activated geopolymer mortar or grout, when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28, showed approximately 5-35%, 5-33%, 5-30%, 5-25%, 5-20%, 5-15%, 5-10%, 10-40%, 10-35%, 10-33%, 10-30%, 10-25%, 10-20%, 10-15%, and 15-40% of the conventional geopolymer mortar. An activated geopolymer mortar or grout according to Embodiment A50, having a compressive strength that is 15-35%, 15-33%, 15-30%, 15-25%, 15-20%, 20-40%, 20-35%, 20-33%, 20-30%, 20-25%, 25-40%, 25-35%, 25-33%, 25-30%, 30-40%, 30-35%, or 35-40% higher. A52. The activated geopolymer mortar or grout according to Embodiment A50 or A51, wherein the activated geopolymer mortar or grout has a compressive strength that is approximately 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 33%, 35%, or 40% higher than that of conventional geopolymer mortar, as measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28. A53. Activated geopolymer concrete comprising activated geopolymer cement, sand (fine aggregate), coarse aggregate, and water, as described in any of embodiments A32 to A38. A54. The activated geopolymer concrete, in accordance with ACI211 (American Concrete Association), has an activated geopolymer cement content of 200 kg / m³ for a target 28-day strength of approximately 15 MPa to 60 MPa. 3 ~500kg / m 3 The activated geopolymer concrete according to Embodiment A53, which is mixed with a slump of 0cm to 25cm and replaces GGBFS with GAPCM as described in any one of Embodiments A1 to A31. A55. Activated geopolymer concrete according to Embodiment A53 or A54, wherein the compressive strength on the 28th day is approximately 20 MPa to 60 MPa. A56. The activated geopolymer concrete according to any one of embodiments A53 to A55, wherein the sand is ASTM C33 sand. A57. The activated geopolymer concrete according to any one of embodiments A53 to A56, wherein the coarse aggregate is ASTM C33 coarse aggregate having any grade of ASTM C33 (Table 2). A58. The activated geopolymer concrete according to any one of embodiments A53 to A57, wherein the activated geopolymer concrete has a higher compressive strength when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28 compared to conventional geopolymer concrete. A59. The activated geopolymer concrete according to Embodiment A58, wherein the activated geopolymer concrete has a compressive strength that is approximately 5-40% higher, for example, approximately 5-33% higher, than conventional geopolymer concrete, when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28. A60. When the activated geopolymer concrete was measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28, the percentages of the activated geopolymer concrete were approximately 5-35%, 5-33%, 5-30%, 5-25%, 5-20%, 5-15%, 5-10%, 10-40%, 10-35%, 10-33%, 10-30%, 10-25%, 10-20%, 10-15%, and 15-40%, respectively. Activated geopolymer concrete according to Embodiment A58 or A59, having compressive strength 15-35%, 15-33%, 15-30%, 15-25%, 15-20%, 20-40%, 20-35%, 20-33%, 20-30%, 20-25%, 25-40%, 25-35%, 25-33%, 25-30%, 30-40%, 30-35%, or 35-40% higher. A61. The activated geopolymer concrete according to any one of embodiments A58 to A60, wherein the activated geopolymer concrete has a compressive strength that is approximately 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 33%, 35%, or 40% higher than conventional geopolymer concrete when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28. A62. The above GACPM is (a) Granular slag (i.e., unground granular slag) and (b) Grinding aid and (c) A pulverized activated cementitious precursor material (GACPM) according to any one of Embodiments A1 to A31, which is prepared by pulverizing a mixture of the pozzolanic material, of which optional. A63~A67. Blank. A68. Activated Portland slag cement, i) Portland Cement and ii) The activated Portland slag cement comprising a blend mixture of GACPM as described in any one of Embodiments A1 to A31. A69. Activated Portland slag cement, i) Portland clinker and, ii) The activated Portland slag cement comprising a crushed mixture of GACPM as described in any one of embodiments A1 to A31. A70. Activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout, i) Portland Cement and ii) A GACPM described in any one of Embodiments A1 to A31, iii) Sand (fine aggregate) and iv) Contains a blend of water and The activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout is obtained by blending the Portland cement and the GACPM described in any one of embodiments A1 to A31 in a weight ratio of approximately 99:1 to approximately 10:90, or optionally approximately 95:5 to approximately 10:90. A71. Activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout, i) Portland clinker and, ii) A GACPM described in any one of Embodiments A1 to A31, iii) Sand (fine aggregate) and iv) Water and a pulverized mixture, The activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout is obtained by grinding the Portland clinker and the GACPM described in any one of embodiments A1 to A31 in a weight ratio of approximately 99:1 to approximately 10:90, or optionally approximately 95:5 to approximately 10:90. A72. The activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout according to Embodiment A71, wherein the activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout has about 1 part cement and about 1 to 8 parts sand, with a (W / C) weight ratio of water to cement of about 0.2 to 0.8. A73. The activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout according to Embodiment A72, wherein the activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout has a water-to-cement (W / C) weight ratio of about 0.2 to 0.8, and contains about 1 part cement and about 1 to 3 parts sand. A74. The activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout according to Embodiment A72, wherein the activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout has a (W / C) weight ratio of water to cement of about 0.2 to 0.8, and comprises about 1 part cement and about 2 to 3 parts sand or about 2 to 5 parts sand. A75. The activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout according to Embodiment A72, wherein the activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout comprises about 1 part cement and about 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7, 7.5, or 8 parts sand. A76. An activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout according to any of embodiments A71 to A75, wherein the (W / C) weight ratio of water to cement is approximately 0.2-0.6, 0.2-0.5, 0.2-0.4, 0.2-0.3, 0.3-0.6, 0.3-0.5, 0.3-0.4, 0.4-0.6, 0.4-0.5, 0.5-0.6, or 0.5-0.8. A77. The activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout according to Embodiment A76, wherein the (W / C) weight ratio of water to cement is approximately 0.3 to 0.6. A78. The activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout according to Embodiment A76, wherein the (W / C) weight ratio of water to cement is approximately 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, or 0.8. A79. The activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout according to Embodiment A71 or A72, wherein the activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout has about 1 part cement and about 2.75 parts sand, with a (W / C) weight ratio of water to about 0.48 parts cement. A80. Activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout according to any of embodiments A71 to A79, wherein the sand is ASTM C33 sand. A81: Activated Portland slag cement concrete, i) Portland Cement and ii) A GACPM described in any one of Embodiments A1 to A31, iii) Sand (fine aggregate) and iv) Coarse aggregate and, v) Contains a blend mixture of water and The activated Portland slag cement concrete is obtained by blending the Portland cement and the GACPM described in any one of Embodiments A1 to A31 together in a weight ratio of approximately 99:1 to approximately 10:90, or optionally approximately 95:5 to approximately 10:90. A82: Activated Portland slag cement concrete, i) Portland clinker and, ii) A GACPM described in any one of Embodiments A1 to A31, iii) Sand (fine aggregate) and iv) Coarse aggregate and, v) A mixture of water and a pulverized mixture The activated Portland slag cement concrete is obtained by crushing the Portland clinker and the GACPM described in any one of embodiments A1 to A31 together in a weight ratio of approximately 99:1 to approximately 10:90, or optionally approximately 95:5 to approximately 10:90. A82. The activated Portland slag cement concrete mixture, in accordance with ACI211 (American Concrete Association), has an activated Portland slag cement content of 200-500 kg / m³ for a target 28-day strength of 15-60 MPa. 3Activated Portland slag cement concrete as described in Embodiment A81, designed with a slump of 0-25 cm and optionally 20-60 MPa. A83~A91. Blank. A92. Activated Portland slag cement concrete according to any one of Embodiments A81 to A91, wherein the sand is ASTM C33 sand (fine aggregate). A93. Activated Portland slag cement concrete according to any one of Embodiments A81 to A92, wherein the coarse aggregate has any grade of ASTM C33 (Table 2). A94. The activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout according to any one of Embodiments A70 to A80, wherein the activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout has a higher compressive strength when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28 compared to a mortar grout mixture of similar proportions of (i) Portland cement, (ii) GGBFS, (3) sand (fine aggregate), and (4) water. A95. The activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout according to Embodiment A94, wherein the activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout has a compressive strength that is approximately 5-40% higher, for example, approximately 5-33% higher, when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28, compared to a mortar grout mixture of similar proportions of (i) Portland cement, (ii) GGBFS, (3) sand (fine aggregate), and (4) water. A96. The activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout, when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28, compared to a mortar grout mixture of similar proportions of (i) Portland cement, (ii) GGBFS, (3) sand (fine aggregate), and (4) water, was approximately 5-35%, 5-33%, 5-30%, 5-25%, 5-20%, 5-15%, 5-10%, 10-40%, 10-35%, 10-33%, 10-30%, 10- Activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout according to Embodiment A95, having compressive strength 25%, 10-20%, 10-15%, 15-40%, 15-35%, 15-33%, 15-30%, 15-25%, 15-20%, 20-40%, 20-35%, 20-33%, 20-30%, 20-25%, 25-40%, 25-35%, 25-33%, 25-30%, 30-40%, 30-35%, or 35-40% higher. A97. The activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout according to Embodiment A96, wherein the activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout has a compressive strength that is approximately 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 33%, 35%, or 40% higher when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28, compared to a mortar-grout mixture of similar proportions of (i) Portland cement, (ii) GGBFS, (3) sand (fine aggregate), and (4) water. A98. The activated Portland slag cement concrete according to any one of Embodiments A81 to A93, wherein the activated Portland slag cement concrete has a higher compressive strength when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28 compared to a concrete mixture of similar proportions of (i) Portland cement, (ii) GGBFS, (3) sand (fine aggregate), (4) coarse aggregate, and (5) water. A99. The activated Portland slag cement concrete according to Embodiment A98, wherein the activated Portland slag cement concrete has a compressive strength that is approximately 5-40%, for example, approximately 5-33%, higher than a concrete mixture of similar proportions of (i) Portland cement, (ii) GGBFS, (3) sand (fine aggregate), (4) coarse aggregate, and (5) water, as measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28. A100. The activated Portland slag cement concrete, compared to concrete mixtures of similar proportions of (i) Portland cement, (ii) GGBFS, (3) sand (fine aggregate), (4) coarse aggregate, and (5) water, measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28, showed approximately 5-35%, 5-33%, 5-30%, 5-25%, 5-20%, 5-15%, 5-10%, 10-40%, 10-35%, 10-33%, and 10-30%, respectively. Activated Portland slag cement concrete according to Embodiment A99, having compressive strength 10-25%, 10-20%, 10-15%, 15-40%, 15-35%, 15-33%, 15-30%, 15-25%, 15-20%, 20-40%, 20-35%, 20-33%, 20-30%, 20-25%, 25-40%, 25-35%, 25-33%, 25-30%, 30-40%, 30-35%, or 35-40% higher. A101. The activated Portland slag cement concrete according to Embodiment A100, wherein the activated Portland slag cement concrete has a compressive strength that is approximately 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 33%, 35%, or 40% higher when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28 compared to a concrete mixture of similar proportions of (i) Portland cement, (ii) GGBFS, (3) sand (fine aggregate), (4) coarse aggregate, and (5) water. A102. A method for preparing a pulverized activated cementum precursor material (GACPM), comprising pulverizing a mixture containing (a) granular slag, (b) a pulverizing aid, and (c) optionally a pozzolanic material for a period of time, wherein the pulverized activated cementum precursor material is approximately 100 to 1000 m 2 The method having a Blaine powder content of / kg. A103. The method according to Embodiment A102, wherein the mixture ground to prepare the ground precursor-activated cementum precursor material does not contain an alkali activator. A104. The method according to Embodiment A102 or A103, wherein the mixture is ground using a laboratory-scale grinding mill having three different ball sizes, a fixed number of balls, and a standardized RPM, or at a processing site using a concrete mixer, or at a ready-mix concrete plant. A105. The method according to any one of embodiments A102 to A104, wherein the grinding period is approximately 60 to 270 minutes, for example, approximately 90 to 270 minutes, 90 to 240 minutes, 120 to 240 minutes, 180 to 240 minutes, 210 to 240 minutes, 120 to 240 minutes, 150 to 240 minutes, 180 to 240 minutes, or 210 to 240 minutes, for example, at least 90 minutes, 120 minutes, 150 minutes, 180 minutes, 210 minutes, or 240 minutes. A106. The method according to any one of embodiments A102 to A105, wherein the mixture is ground in the absence of grinding aid (b) for the same duration or percentage of the duration used to grind a mixture of (a) granular slag and (c) optionally pozzolanic material. A107. The aforementioned Blaine powderiness (m 2 The method according to any one of embodiments A102 to A106, wherein the amount ( / kg) is measured using a Brain ventilator in accordance with the ASTM C204 standard. A108. Blank. A109. The method according to any one of embodiments A102 to A108, wherein the Blaine fineness of the pulverized activated cementitious precursor material is finer than that of the Blaine fineness obtained by pulverizing a mixture of (a) granular slag and (c) optionally pozzolanic material for the duration in the absence of a pulverizing aid (b). A110. The method according to Embodiment A109, wherein the Blaine fineness of the pulverized activated cementitious precursor material is about 10-50% finer than the Blaine fineness obtained by pulverizing a mixture of (a) granular slag and (c) optionally pozzolanic material for the same period of time in the absence of a pulverizing aid (b). A111. The method according to Embodiment A110, wherein the Blaine fineness of the pulverized activated cementitious precursor material is about 15-50%, 20-50%, 25-50%, 30-50%, 35-50%, 40-50%, 45-50%, 15-30%, 15-40%, or 20-35% finer than the Blaine fineness obtained from pulverizing a mixture of (a) granular slag and (c) optionally pozzolanic material for the same period of time in the absence of a pulverizing aid (b). A112. The method according to Embodiment A110 or A111, wherein the Blaine fineness of the pulverized activated cementitious precursor material is at least 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, or 45% finer than the Blaine fineness obtained from pulverizing a mixture of (a) granular slag and (c) optionally pozzolanic material for the same period of time in the absence of a pulverizing aid (b). A113. The method according to any one of embodiments A102 to A112, wherein the grinding aid reduces the time required to achieve the Blaine fineness of the ground activated cementitious precursor material compared to the time required to achieve the same Blaine fineness by grinding a mixture of (a) granular slag and (c) optionally pozzolanic material in the absence of the grinding aid (b). A114. The method according to Embodiment A113, wherein the time required to achieve the Blaine fineness of the pulverized activated cementitious precursor material is reduced by approximately 10-50% compared to the time required to achieve the same Blaine fineness from pulverizing a mixture of (a) granular slag and (c) optionally pozzolanic material in the absence of pulverizing aid (b). A115. The method according to Embodiment A114, wherein the time required to achieve the Blaine fineness of the pulverized activated cementitious precursor material is reduced by approximately 15-50%, 20-50%, 25-50%, 30-50%, 35-50%, 40-50%, 45-50%, 15-30%, 15-40%, or 20-35% compared to the time required to achieve the same Blaine fineness from pulverizing a mixture of (a) granular slag and (c) optionally pozzolanic material in the absence of pulverizing aid (b). A116. The method according to Embodiment A114 or A115, wherein the time required to achieve the Blaine fineness of the pulverized activated cementitious precursor material is reduced by at least 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, or 45% compared to the time required to achieve the same Blaine fineness from pulverizing a mixture of (a) granular slag and (c) optionally pozzolanic material in the absence of pulverizing aid (b). A117. The method according to any one of embodiments A102 to A116, wherein the method reduces the amount of carbon emissions generated over the period required to achieve the Braine fineness of the GACPM compared to the amount of carbon emissions generated over the same period required to achieve the same Braine fineness obtained by grinding (a) granular slag and (c) optionally a mixture of pozzolanic material for the same period in the absence of grinding aid (b). A118. The method according to Embodiment A117, wherein the amount of carbon emissions generated over the period required to achieve the Braine fineness of the GACPM is reduced by about 10-50% compared to the same period required to achieve the same Braine fineness from grinding a mixture of (a) granular slag and (c) optionally pozzolanic material in the absence of grinding aid (b). A119. The method according to Embodiment A117 or A118, wherein the amount of carbon emissions generated over the period required to achieve the Braine fineness of the GACPM is reduced by approximately 15-50%, 20-50%, 25-50%, 30-50%, 35-50%, 40-50%, 45-50%, 15-30%, 15-40%, or 20-35% compared to the same period required to achieve the same Braine fineness from grinding (a) granular slag and (c) optionally a mixture of pozzolanic materials in the absence of grinding aid (b), for example, by at least 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, or 45%. A120. A method for preparing activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout according to any one of Embodiments A70-A80 or A94-A97, wherein the method comprises blending or grinding together the mixture of (i) Portland cement and / or Portland clinker, (ii) GACPM according to any one of Embodiments A1-A31, (iii) sand (fine aggregate), and (iv) water for a period of time. A121. The method according to Embodiment A120, wherein the method comprises blending when Portland cement is used, and grinding when Portland clinker is used. A122. A method for preparing activated Portland slag cement concrete according to any one of embodiments A81 to A93 or A98 to A101, wherein the method comprises blending or grinding together the mixture of (i) the Portland cement and / or Portland clinker, (ii) the GACPM according to any one of embodiments A1 to A31, (iii) the sand (fine aggregate), (iv) the coarse aggregate, and (v) the water for a period of time. A123. The method according to Embodiment A122, wherein the method, in the case of Portland cement, comprises blending, and the method, in the case of Portland clinker, comprises grinding. B1. A pulverized activated cementitious precursor material (GACPM) comprising (a) unpulverized granular slag, (b) a grinding aid, and (c) optionally a pozzolanic material, all of which are ground together. B2. The crushed activated cementitious precursor material according to Embodiment B1, wherein the granular slag includes granular blast furnace slag (GBFS), granular pig iron slag, granular steelmaking furnace slag, granular basic oxygen furnace slag, granular electric arc furnace slag, or a combination thereof. B3. The aforementioned grinding aid is i) Aluminum sulfate having the formula: Al2(SO4)3·nH2O (wherein n is 0 to 18, preferably 12), ii) Formula: AB(SO4) X · Alum having nH2O (wherein A is K (potassium), Na (sodium), or NH4 (ammonium), B is Al (aluminum), Cr (chromium), Fe (iron), or Co (cobalt), x is 2 to 4, preferably 2, and n is 0 to 18, preferably 12), and / or iii) A sodium salt, potassium salt, or lithium salt of a hydroxycarboxylic acid, wherein the hydroxycarboxylic acid contains citric acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, tartaric acid, acetic acid, or malic acid, Or a combination thereof, the pulverized activated cementitious precursor material according to Embodiment B1 or B2. B4. The pulverized activated cementitious precursor material according to any one of Embodiments B1 to B3, wherein the granular slag is present in the pulverized precursor activated cementitious precursor material in an amount of about 50 to 99.9% by weight. B5. The pulverized activated cementum precursor material according to any one of Embodiments B1 to B4, wherein the pulverizing aid is present in the pulverized precursor activated cementum precursor material in an amount of about 0.1 to 10% by weight. B6. The pulverized activated cementitious precursor material according to any one of Embodiments B1 to B5, wherein the optional pozzolanic material is present in the pulverized activated cementitious precursor material, and optionally, the pozzolanic material is present in the pulverized precursor activated cementitious precursor material in an amount of about 0 to 50% by weight. B7. The pulverized activated cementitious precursor material according to Embodiment B6, wherein the pozzolanic material comprises F fly ash, Class C fly ash, silica fume, natural pozzolanic material, glass, calcined clay, or a mixture thereof. B8. The pulverized precursor activated cementum precursor material is approximately 100-1000 m 2 A pulverized activated cementitious precursor material according to any one of Embodiments B1 to B7, having a Blaine powder content of / kg. B9. The pulverized activated cementum precursor material according to any one of Embodiments B1 to B8, wherein the pulverized activated cementum precursor material does not contain an alkali activator. B10. Activated geopolymer cement comprising a blend mixture of a pulverized activated cementitious precursor material described in any one of Embodiments B1 to B9 and one or more alkali activators. B11. The activated geopolymer cement according to Embodiment B10, wherein one or more alkali activators include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium silicate, potassium silicate, sodium carbonate, or potassium carbonate, or a combination thereof. B12. An activated geopolymer mortar or grout comprising activated geopolymer cement, sand (fine aggregate), and water as described in Embodiment B10 or B11. B13. The activated geopolymer mortar or grout according to Embodiment B12, wherein the activated geopolymer mortar or grout has a higher compressive strength when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28 compared to conventional geopolymer mortar. B14. Activated geopolymer concrete comprising activated geopolymer cement, sand (fine aggregate), coarse aggregate, and water as described in Embodiment B10 or B11. B15. The activated geopolymer concrete, in accordance with ACI 211 (American Concrete Association), has an activated geopolymer cement content of 200-500 kg / m³ for a target 28-day strength of 15-60 MPa. 3 , and activated geopolymer concrete according to Embodiment B14, designed with a slump of 0-25 cm and optionally 20-60 MPa. B16. The activated geopolymer concrete according to Embodiment B14 or B15, wherein the activated geopolymer concrete has a higher compressive strength when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28 compared to conventional geopolymer concrete. B17. Activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout, i) Portland cement and / or Portland clinker, ii) A GACPM described in any one of Embodiments B1 to B9, iii) Sand (fine aggregate) and iv) A mixture of water and The weight ratio of the Portland cement and / or Portland clinker in the mixture to the GACPM is approximately 99:1 to approximately 10:90, and optionally approximately 95:5 to approximately 10:90. The activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout, wherein the mixture is a blended mixture if it contains Portland cement, and a crushed mixture if it contains Portland clinker. B18. Activated Portland slag cement concrete, i) Portland cement and / or Portland clinker, ii) A GACPM described in any one of Embodiments B1 to B9, iii) Sand (fine aggregate) and iv) Coarse aggregate and, v) A mixture of water and The weight ratio of the Portland cement and / or Portland clinker in the mixture to the GACPM is approximately 99:1 to approximately 10:90, and optionally approximately 95:5 to approximately 10:90. The activated Portland slag cement concrete, wherein the mixture is a blended mixture if it contains Portland cement, and a crushed mixture if it contains Portland clinker. B19. The activated Portland slag cement concrete according to Embodiment B18, wherein the activated Portland slag cement concrete is designed in accordance with ACI211 (American Concrete Association) for a target 28-day strength of 15-60 MPa, with an activated Portland slag cement content of 200-500 kg / m3 and a slump of 0-25 cm, optionally at 20-60 MPa. B20. The activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout according to Embodiment B17, wherein the activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout has a higher compressive strength when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28 compared to a mortar grout mixture of similar proportions of (i) Portland cement, (ii) GGBFS, (3) sand (fine aggregate), and (4) water. B21. The activated Portland slag cement concrete according to Embodiment B18, wherein the activated Portland slag cement concrete has a higher compressive strength when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28 compared to a concrete mixture of similar proportions of (i) Portland cement, (ii) GGBFS, (3) sand (fine aggregate), (4) coarse aggregate, and (5) water. B22. A method for preparing a pulverized activated cementum precursor material (GACPM), comprising pulverizing a mixture containing (a) unpulverized granular slag, (b) a pulverizing aid, and (c) optionally a pozzolanic material for a certain period of time, wherein the pulverized activated cementum precursor material is approximately 100 to 1000 m 2 The method having a Blaine powder content of / kg. B23. The method according to Embodiment B22, wherein the Blaine fineness of the pulverized activated cementitious precursor material is finer than that of the Blaine fineness obtained by pulverizing a mixture of (a) granular slag and (c) optionally pozzolanic material for the duration in the absence of the pulverizing aid (b). B24. The method according to Embodiment B22 or B23, wherein the method (using the grinding aid) reduces the time required to achieve the Blaine fineness of the ground activated cementitious precursor material compared to the time required to achieve the same Blaine fineness from grinding a mixture of (a) granular slag and (c) optionally pozzolanic material in the absence of the grinding aid (b). B25. The method according to any one of embodiments B22 to B24, wherein the method (using the grinding aid) reduces the amount of carbon emissions generated over the period required to achieve the Braine fineness of the GACPM compared to the amount of carbon emissions generated over the same period required to achieve the same Braine fineness obtained by grinding (a) granular slag and (c) optionally a mixture of pozzolanic materials for the same period in the absence of the grinding aid (b). B26. A method for preparing activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout as described in Embodiment B17, the method comprising mixing the mixture of (i) Portland cement and / or Portland clinker, (ii) GACPM as described in any one of Embodiments B1 to B9, (iii) sand (fine aggregate), and (iv) water for a period of time, wherein if the mixture contains Portland cement, the mixing is a blend, and if the mixture contains Portland clinker, the mixing is a grind. B27. A method for preparing activated Portland slag cement concrete as described in Embodiment B18, wherein the method comprises mixing the mixture of (i) Portland cement and / or Portland clinker, (ii) GACPM as described in any one of Embodiments B1 to B9, (iii) sand (fine aggregate), (iv) coarse aggregate, and (v) water for a period of time, wherein if the mixture contains Portland cement, the mixing is a blend, and if the mixture contains Portland clinker, the mixing is a grind. [Examples]

[0060] 7. Examples Grinding activated cementum precursor material (GACPM) composition Grinding activated cementing precursor material (GACPM) is produced by grinding or mutual grinding granular slag (e.g., granular blast furnace slag (GBFS)) with or without pozzolanic material with one or more grinding aids. Examples 1-12 provide various combinations of components summarized in Table 1. [Table 1]

[0061] Tables 2 and 3 show the effects of aluminum sulfate and alum, which are grinding aids, on the fineness of the resulting GACPM powder. Grinding time is an important variable influenced by factors such as the type of grinding mill, the size and amount of grinding balls, the amount of material being ground, and the mill's RPM. In the immediate example, a laboratory-scale grinding mill with three different ball sizes, a fixed amount of balls, and a standardized RPM was used. All experiments were conducted under identical conditions. When using different mills or settings, grinding time may vary, but the percentage reduction in time is consistent with the use of grinding aids. Fineness was measured using a Blaine ventilator in accordance with the ASTM C204 standard, and the specific surface area (m²) was measured. 2 The measurement was performed as ( / kg). Blaine fineness was measured every 30 minutes over a maximum grinding time of 4 hours. Examples 13 in Table 2 and 17 in Table 3 served as control mixtures in which granular slag (here, GBFS) was ground without grinding aids.

[0062] Table 2 shows that the control mixture (Example 13) in which GBFS was ground without grinding aids measured 499 m 2 It took 4 hours to reach a Brain powderiness of 1 / kg. In contrast, the same GBFS grinding with 1% aluminum sulfate (Example 15) took only 2 hours and 30 minutes to reach 491m 2 A similar fineness of powderiness of / kg was achieved. This result suggests a significant reduction in grinding time, which would lead to a reduction in energy, cost, and / or carbon emissions associated with the grinding process.

[0063] Similarly, in Table 3, the control mixture ground without grinding aids (Example 17) also yielded 499 m 2 It took 4 hours to reach a Blain powderiness of 495.5 m³ / kg. However, when ground in the presence of a grinding aid, for example, 1% alum (Example 19), it took only 3 hours to reach 495.5 m³. 2The same fineness of powderiness was achieved at / kg. This result also demonstrates the potential time, energy, cost, and / or carbon emission reductions attributable to the use of grinding aids. [Table 2] [Table 3]

[0064] Geopolymer and activated geopolymer mortar composition Geopolymer mortar components (control): Granular slag ground without grinding aid (GGBFS), one or more alkali activators (sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, or sodium carbonate), ASTM C33 sand, and 35% water by weight of cement (W / C = 0.35).

[0065] Activated geopolymer mortar components: As shown in Table 1 (Examples 1-12), GACPM (prepared from GBFS pulverized with a grinding aid), one or more alkali activators (sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, or sodium carbonate), ASTM C33 sand, and 35% water by weight of cement (W / C = 0.35).

[0066] Ratio and Test Method of Geopolymer Mortar and Activated Geopolymer Mortar: The geopolymer mortar mixture design consisted of 1 part cement and 2 parts ASTM C33 sand, with a water-to-cement (W / C) ratio of 0.35. All components were mixed in a Hobart mixer according to ASTM C305 guidelines. Flow tests were performed in accordance with ASTM C1437, and compressive strength was measured according to ASTM C109. [Table 4] [Table 5]

[0067] The control mixture of geopolymer mortar shown in Table 4 (Example 21) used slag (GGBFS) ground without grinding aids, one or more alkali activators (sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, or sodium carbonate), a mixing ratio of 1 part geopolymer cement to 2 parts ASTM C33 sand, and 35% water by weight of cement (W / C = 0.35). This mixture achieved compressive strengths of 16.3 MPa on day 1, 21.0 MPa on day 3, 27.1 MPa on day 7, and 42.4 MPa on day 28. In contrast, as shown in Table 4 (Example 24), activated geopolymer mortar using GACPM (prepared from GBFS pulverized with 1% aluminum sulfate pulverizing aid) with one or more alkali activators (sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, or sodium carbonate) in the same mixing ratio as the control achieved compressive strengths of 18.7 MPa on day 1, 25.2 MPa on day 3, 33.1 MPa on day 7, and 53.5 MPa on day 28. This represents an improvement in compressive strength of 14.7–26.2% when using GACPM instead of GGBFS. Similar improvements in compressive strength were observed with different combinations of alkali activators for both GGBFS and GACPM, as shown in Table 4 (Examples 22 and 26).

[0068] As shown in Table 5 (Example 27), the control mixture of geopolymer mortar used slag (GGBFS) ground without grinding aids, one or more alkali activators (sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, or sodium carbonate), a mixing ratio of 1 part geopolymer cement to 2 parts ASTM C33 sand, and 35% water by weight of cement (W / C = 0.35). This mixture achieved compressive strengths of 16.3 MPa on day 1, 21.0 MPa on day 3, 27.1 MPa on day 7, and 42.4 MPa on day 28. In comparison, the activated geopolymer mortar shown in Table 5 (Example 30), using GACPM (prepared from GBFS pulverized with 1% alum pulverizing aid) with one or more alkali activators (sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, or sodium carbonate) in the same mixing ratio as the control, achieved compressive strengths of 18.1 MPa on day 1, 24.2 MPa on day 3, 33.2 MPa on day 7, and 53.0 MPa on day 28. The results demonstrated an improvement in compressive strength of 11.0–25.0% by using GACPM compared to the control mixture using GGBFS. As shown in Table 5 (Examples 28 and 32), similar improvements in compressive strength were observed when GGBFS and GACPM were used with different combinations of alkali activators.

[0069] Geopolymer concrete and activated geopolymer concrete compositions Geopolymer concrete components (control): Granular slag (GGBFS) crushed without crushing aids, one or more alkali activators (sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, or sodium carbonate), ASTM C33 sand, ASTM C33 coarse aggregate, and an appropriate amount of water to achieve a slump of 13-16 cm.

[0070] Activated geopolymer concrete components: As shown in Table 1 (Examples 1-12), GACPM (prepared from GBFS pulverized with a grinding aid), one or more alkali activators (sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate, or sodium carbonate), ASTM C33 sand, ASTM C33 coarse aggregate, and an appropriate amount of water to achieve a slump of 13-16 cm.

[0071] Proportions and test methods for geopolymer concrete and activated geopolymer concrete mixtures: Concrete mix design follows the American Concrete Institute (ACI) concrete mix design method, ACI 211: Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete. Slump test according to ASTM C143 and compressive strength according to ASTM C39. [Table 6]

[0072] As shown in Table 6 (Example 33), the control mixture for the geopolymer concrete used granular slag (GGBFS) ground without grinding aids. The mixture was prepared in the following proportion: 280 kg / m³ 3 Cement, 727 kg / m 3 Sand, 1319 kg / m 3 The mixture was designed according to the ACI211 method with coarse aggregate and an appropriate amount of water to achieve a slump of 15.5 cm. This mixture achieved compressive strengths of 3.1 MPa on day 1, 12.5 MPa on day 3, 19.6 MPa on day 7, and 27.5 MPa on day 28. For comparison, as shown in Table 6 (Example 34), activated geopolymer concrete was designed using GACPM (prepared from granular slag ground with 1% aluminum sulfate grinding aid) and the same criteria as the control. This mixture achieved compressive strengths of 3.8 MPa on day 1, 15.8 MPa on day 3, 24.5 MPa on day 7, and 34.1 MPa on day 28. These results demonstrate a 22–26% improvement in compressive strength by using GACPM to replace GGBFS in green non-Portland cement-based concrete.

[0073] As shown in Table 6 (Example 35), the second control mixture of geopolymer concrete used granular slag (GGBFS) ground without grinding aids. It was applied at 440 kg / m³.3 Cement, 550.9 kg / m 3 Sand, 1319 kg / m 3 The mixture was designed according to the ACI211 method, using coarse aggregate and an appropriate amount of water to achieve a slump of 14 cm. This mixture achieved compressive strengths of 14.3 MPa on day 1, 24.2 MPa on day 3, 33.4 MPa on day 7, and 44.2 MPa on day 28. For comparison, as shown in Table 6 (Example 36), activated geopolymer concrete was designed using GACPM (prepared from granular slag crushed with 1% aluminum sulfate crushing aid) and the same criteria as the control. This mixture achieved compressive strengths of 17.2 MPa on day 1, 27.1 MPa on day 3, 38.2 MPa on day 7, and 51.0 MPa on day 28. This showed a 12-20% improvement in compressive strength with the use of GACPM compared to the control mixture.

[0074] Portland slag mortar and Portland GACPM mortar composition Portland slag mortar components (control): Portland cement, crushed granular slag (GGBFS) crushed without the use of crushing aids, graded sand (ASTM C109), and 48.5% water by weight of cement (W / C = 0.485).

[0075] Portland GACPM mortar components: Portland cement, GACPM (granular slag crushed with a crushing aid) as shown in Table 1 (Examples 1-12), graded sand (ASTM C109), and 48.5% water by weight of cement (W / C = 0.485).

[0076] Ratio and Test Method of Portland Slag Mortar and Portland GACPM Mortar: Mortars were prepared and tested in accordance with ASTM C109. The mixing ratio was 0.485 parts water to cement, consisting of 1 part by weight of Portland slag cement or Portland GACPM cement and 2.75 parts by weight of graded standard sand. All components were mixed in a Hobart mixer according to ASTM C305 guidelines. Flow rate was tested in accordance with ASTM C1437, and compressive strength was determined in accordance with ASTM C109. [Table 7]

[0077] As shown in Table 7 (Example 37), the control mixture for Portland slag mortar used a 50:50 weight ratio of Portland cement to slag. The slag was crushed without any crushing aid. The mixture consisted of 1 part Portland slag cement and 2.75 parts standard grade sand, with a water-to-cement ratio of 0.485. This mixture achieved compressive strengths of 2.6 MPa on day 1, 12.3 MPa on day 3, 23.0 MPa on day 7, and 32.1 MPa on day 28. For comparison, as shown in Table 7 (Example 38), the Portland GACPM mortar used a 50:50 weight ratio of Portland cement to GACPM (slag crushed with 1% aluminum sulfate crushing aid). The mixture consisted of 1 part Portland GACPM cement and 2.75 parts standard grade sand, with the same water-to-cement ratio of 0.485. This mixture achieved compressive strengths of 4.7 MPa on day 1, 17.0 MPa on day 3, 32.3 MPa on day 7, and 41.9 MPa on day 28. These results demonstrate a significant improvement in compressive strength by using GACPM instead of GGBFS.

Claims

1. A crushed activated cementum precursor material (GACPM), (a) at least 90% by weight of unground granular slag, (b) A grinding aid, i) Formula: Al ２ (SO ４ ) ３ nH ２ Aluminum sulfate having O (wherein n is 0 to 18), and / or ii) Formula: AB(SO ４ ) Ｘ nH ２ The pulverized activated cementitious precursor material (GACPM) comprises a mixture obtained by pulverizing together the pulverizing aid, which contains alum having O (wherein A is K (potassium), Na (sodium), or NH4 (ammonium), B is Al (aluminum), Cr (chromium), Fe (iron), or Co (cobalt), x is 2 to 4, and n is 0 to 18).

2. The pulverized activated cementitious precursor material according to claim 1, wherein the granular slag includes granular blast furnace slag (GBFS), granular pig iron slag, granular basic oxygen furnace slag, granular electric arc furnace slag, or a combination thereof.

3. The aforementioned grinding aid is i) Formula: Al ２ (SO ４ ) ３ ·nH ２ O (where n is 12), and / or ii) Formula: AB(SO ４ ) Ｘ nH ２ A pulverized activated cementitious precursor material according to claim 1, comprising alum having O (wherein A is K (potassium), Na (sodium), or NH4 (ammonium), B is Al (aluminum), Cr (chromium), Fe (iron), or Co (cobalt), x is 2, and n is 12).

4. The pulverized activated cementite precursor material according to claim 1, wherein the granular slag is present in the pulverized activated cementite precursor material in an amount of about 95 to 99.5% by weight.

5. The pulverized activated cementum precursor material according to claim 1, wherein the pulverizing aid is present in the pulverized activated cementum precursor material in an amount of about 0.1 to 10% by weight.

6. The pulverized activated cementitious precursor material according to claim 1, wherein the pulverized activated cementitious precursor material further comprises a pozzolanic material.

7. The pulverized activated cementitious precursor material is divided into approximately 100 to 1000 m ２ A pulverized activated cementitious precursor material according to claim 1, having a Blaine powder content of 1 / kg.

8. The pulverized activated cementum precursor material according to claim 1, wherein the pulverized activated cementum precursor material does not contain an alkali activator.

9. Activated geopolymer cement comprising a blend mixture of the pulverized activated cementitious precursor material described in claim 1 and one or more alkali activators.

10. The activated geopolymer cement according to claim 9, wherein the one or more alkali activators include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium silicate, potassium silicate, sodium carbonate, or potassium carbonate, or a combination thereof.

11. An activated geopolymer mortar or grout comprising the activated geopolymer cement according to claim 9, fine aggregate, and water.

12. The activated geopolymer mortar or grout according to claim 11, wherein the activated geopolymer mortar or grout has a higher compressive strength when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28 compared to geopolymer mortar without the grinding aid.

13. Activated geopolymer concrete comprising the activated geopolymer cement described in claim 9, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and water.

14. The activated geopolymer concrete according to claim 13, wherein the activated geopolymer concrete is designed in accordance with ACI 211 (American Concrete Association) to have an activated geopolymer cement content of 200 to 500 kg / m³ and a slump of 0 to 25 cm for a target 28-day strength of 15 to 60 MPa.

15. The activated geopolymer concrete according to claim 13, wherein the activated geopolymer concrete has a higher compressive strength when measured on day 1, day 7, and day 28 compared to geopolymer concrete that does not contain the crushing aid.

16. Activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout, i) Portland cement and / or Portland clinker, ii) The GACPM described in claim 1, iii) Fine aggregate and, iv) A mixture of water and The weight ratio of the Portland cement and / or Portland clinker to the GACPM in the mixture is approximately 99:1 to approximately 10:

90. The activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout, wherein the mixture is a blended mixture if it contains Portland cement, and a crushed mixture if it contains Portland clinker.

17. A method for preparing pulverized activated cementum precursor material (GACPM), (a) at least 90% by weight of unground granular slag, and (b) a grinding aid, i) Formula: Al ２ (SO ４ ) ３ nH ２ Aluminum sulfate having O (wherein n is 0 to 18), and / or ii) Formula: AB(SO ４ ) Ｘ nH ２ The process involves grinding a mixture containing an alum having O (wherein A is K (potassium), Na (sodium), or NH4 (ammonium), B is Al (aluminum), Cr (chromium), Fe (iron), or Co (cobalt), x is 2 to 4, and n is 0 to 18) for a certain period of time. The pulverized activated cementitious precursor material is divided into approximately 100 to 1000 m ２ The method having a Blaine powder content of / kg.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the Blaine fineness of the pulverized activated cementitious precursor material is finer than that of the Blaine fineness obtained by pulverizing a mixture containing (a) granular slag for the period of time in the absence of a pulverizing aid (b).

19. The method described above is i) Reduce the time required to achieve the Braine fineness of the pulverized activated cementitious precursor material compared to the time required to achieve the same Braine fineness from pulverizing (a) a mixture containing granular slag in the absence of the pulverizing aid (b), and / or ii) The method according to claim 17, wherein the amount of carbon emissions generated over the period required to achieve the Braine fineness of the GACPM is reduced compared to the amount of carbon emissions generated over the same period required to achieve the same Braine fineness obtained by grinding a mixture containing granular slag (a) for the same period in the absence of grinding aid (b).

20. A method for preparing activated Portland slag cement mortar or grout according to claim 16, The method comprising (i) mixing the mixture of Portland cement and / or Portland clinker, (ii) the GACPM, (iii) the fine aggregate, and (iv) the water for a period of time, wherein if the mixture contains Portland cement, the mixing is a blend, and if the mixture contains Portland clinker, the mixing is a grind.

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