A pesticide composition with improved drift, spreading, and rain resistance properties.

Abstract

The present invention relates to pesticidal compositions: their use for foliar application; their use at low spray volumes; their use by tractors, unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and unmanned guided vehicles (UGV) equipped with boom sprayers fitted with conventional nozzles as well as pulse-width modulated spray nozzles or spinning-disk droplet applicators; and their application for controlling agricultural pests, weeds or diseases, especially on waxy leaves; in particular, the present invention relates to pesticidal compositions with reduced drift, especially in spray applications.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to pesticide compositions: their use for foliar application; their use in low spray volumes; their use by tractors, unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and unmanned guided vehicles (UGV) equipped with boom sprayers fitted with pulse-width modulated spray nozzles or rotating disk droplet applicators as well as conventional nozzles; and their application for controlling agricultural pests, weeds or diseases, particularly on waxy leaves. In particular, the present invention relates to pesticide compositions with reduced drift, especially in spray application. [Background technology]

[0002] Pesticidal active compounds (AIs), such as herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, bactericidal agents, acaricides, and plant growth regulators, and their formulated products, are typically diluted in aqueous spray solutions and then sprayed onto plants and / or their habitats.

[0003] Modern agriculture faces numerous challenges in producing sufficient food in a safe and sustainable manner, but it also needs to utilize crop protection products to improve safety, quality, and yield while minimizing environmental and land impacts. Many crop protection products, whether chemical or biological, are typically applied at relatively high spray rates, for example, >50 L / ha when selected, and often >150-400 L / ha. As a result, a significant amount of energy must be consumed to transport large quantities of spray liquid and then apply them to crops by spray application. This can be done by large tractors, which, due to their weight and the weight of the spray liquid, generate CO2 from the associated mechanical work, also cause harmful soil compression, and affect plant root growth, health, and yield, as well as the energy subsequently expended to improve these effects.

[0004] Furthermore, when applying such spray formulations, more or less significant drift of the spray solution containing the active substance may be observed depending on wind conditions, nozzle type, and other application parameters, such as nozzle pressure, boom height, and tractor speed.

[0005] Drift of pesticide sprays is a major concern regarding the environmental impact of agriculture on natural ecosystems and urban areas. Furthermore, this drift is undesirable because it causes a loss of a specific portion of the applied pesticide in relation to the intended application rate in the treated area.

[0006] More importantly, the drifting material could cause damage to adjacent crops, and could particularly affect not only the local environment (e.g., surface water, non-target flora and fauna) but also people and residents in residential areas.

[0007] At the same time, there is a need for a solution that significantly reduces the drift of the active ingredient / formulation during spraying, and preferably reduces the amount of spray liquid, thereby reducing the weight of the equipment required to apply the product.

[0008] Various methods are used to prevent spray drift outside field boundaries. The use of natural or artificial windbreaks is well known. However, even when such screens are used, it has been reported that drift can cause the deposition of active materials behind such boundaries (e.g., "Deposition of spray drift behind border structures," M. De Schampheleire et al., Crop Protection 28(2009)1061-1075). Another frequently used drift mitigation method is either an off-crop or in-crop buffer zone. The disadvantage of an off-crop buffer zone is that part of the farm cannot be sown with crops, which is an economic cost for farmers. The disadvantage of an in-crop buffer zone is that part of the crop is not adequately protected, resulting in lower yields and possibly the development of resistance. Obviously, this is something farmers want to avoid.

[0009] Following the physical limitation of spray drift, it is also possible to modify the structure of the spray cloud so that droplets drift less, i.e., droplets that are prone to drift typically have a diameter of less than 100 μm. This can be done by selecting different types of nozzles, changing the pressure at which the spray cloud is generated, or changing the properties of the spray liquid itself. In particular, changing the nozzle and / or nozzle pressure is time-consuming and makes crop production more expensive, so farmers do not like it. Also, the equipment required for sprayers to handle various application rates is not common. For these reasons, a more acceptable way to optimize the spray cloud, which as a result results in less or more limited drift, is by adjusting the properties of the spray liquid.

[0010] While other factors such as weather conditions and spray boom height contribute to the possibility of drift, spray droplet size distribution has been found to be the dominant factor. Teske et al. (Teske ME, Hewitt AJ, Valcore, DL2004. The Role of Small Droplets in Classifying Drop Size Distributions, ILASS Americas 17th Annual Conference: Arlington VA) reported a value of <156 microns (μM) as a fraction of the spray droplet distribution that contributes to drift. Other researchers believe that droplets with a diameter of <150 μM are most prone to drift (JH Combellack, N M Westen and R R Richardson, Crop Prot., 1996, 15, 147-152; O. Permin, LN Jorgensen and K. Persson, Crop Prot., 1992, 11, 541-546). Another group (H. Zhu, RWDexter, RDFox, DL Reichard, RD Brazee and HEOzkan, J. Agric. Engineering Res., 1997, 67, 35-45) has identified a value of <200 μm as a driftable fraction. Based on theoretical studies and computer simulations, spray droplets with a diameter <100 μm have been identified as the most driftable (H. Holterman, Kinetics and evaporation of water drops in air, 2003, IMAG Report 2003-12; PA Hobson, PCH Miller, PJ Walklate, CRTuck and NMWestern, J. Agric. Eng. Res., 1993, 54, 293-305; PCH Miller, The measurement of spray drift, PesticideOutlook, 2003, 14, 205-209). Therefore, a good estimate of droplet size likely to contribute to drift is the fraction smaller than approximately 100 μm (the driftable fraction).The smaller the droplet, the longer its residence time in the air, and the more likely it is to evaporate and / or drift rather than adhere within the field boundary. A way to minimize the drift effect is to add a suitable drift control agent to the pesticide that increases the size of droplets in the spray cloud, i.e., shifts the droplet spectrum toward larger droplets. When exploring solutions to overcome the drift problem, it must be considered that the resulting biological performance of the application will not be reduced. The use of formulations that increase spray droplet size (both in-can and tank mixtures) may reduce effectiveness to some extent, mainly due to reduced coverage (e.g., "Biological efficacy of herbicides and fungicides applied with low-drift and twin-fluid nozzles," PK Jensen et al., Crop Protection 20(2001) 57-64). Retention of larger droplets on the leaf surface may decrease as they run off, bounce off, or break apart and redistribute. Fewer larger droplets adhering to the leaf surface may reduce overall biological effectiveness. Furthermore, for crops where the spray cloud must penetrate the upper layers of the plant, very large droplets may either pass directly through the upper layers, bounce off the leaves, or break down and be redistributed into the soil. All of these effects of applying active compounds in large droplets can lead to reduced effectiveness.

[0011] Furthermore, it must be considered that many compounds added to formulations to improve efficacy, storability, rain resistance, and other important properties often negatively affect the drift properties of the spray broth, i.e., tend to reduce droplet size later or increase evaporation.

[0012] Furthermore, in agriculture, low-spray-volume application technologies, including tractors, unmanned aerial systems (UAS), and unmanned guided vehicles (UGVs) equipped with boom sprays featuring pulse-width modulated spray nozzles or rotating disk droplet applicators, provide farmers with solutions for applying products with low spray volumes, typically 10-20 l / ha or less. These solutions have advantages such as requiring significantly smaller amounts of water, which is crucial in areas with limited water supply; requiring less energy for transporting and applying the spray liquid; accelerating both rapid filling of spray tanks and faster application; reducing CO2 emissions through both reduced transport volume of spray liquid and the use of smaller, lighter vehicles; reducing soil compaction damage; and enabling the use of less expensive application systems.

[0013] However, Wang et al. [Field evaluation of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) sprayer: effect of spray volume on deposition and the control of pests and disease in wheat. Pest Management Science 2019 doi / epdf / 10.1002 / ps.5321] demonstrated that as the spray volume decreased from 450 and 225 l / ha to 28.1, 16.8, and 9.0 l / ha, coverage (% area), the number of spray deposits per area, and the diameter of spray deposits measured on water-sensitive paper all decreased (see Table 3, Wang et al., 2019). In parallel, the biological control effectiveness for wheat aphid and powdery mildew decreased at low spray volumes, with the greatest decrease observed at 9.0 l / ha, followed by 16.8 l / ha (see Figures 6, 7, and 8, Wang et al., 2019).

[0014] Therefore, even if the number of spray deposits per unit area decreases, it is necessary to design a formulation system that overcomes the decrease in coverage and diameter of spray deposits at low spray rates: as the spray rate decreases, the number of spray droplets per unit area decreases proportionally to the same spray droplet spectral size. This is especially necessary at rates below 25 l / ha, even more specifically below 17 l / ha, and even more specifically below 10 l / ha.

[0015] Furthermore, because the concentration of adjuvants in the spray solution is increased to enhance adhesion, the local concentration of adjuvants is high, and among them, the concentration of spreading agents is high, which increases the chances of the spray solution being washed off.

[0016] Furthermore, the lower the spray volume formulation and the higher the concentration of surfactant in the spray broth, the smaller the droplet size usually becomes, which increases drift. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0017] [Non-Patent Document 1] M. De Schampheleire et al., Crop Protection 28 (2009) 1061-1075 [Non-Patent Document 2] Teske ME,Hewitt AJ,Valcore,DL2004.The Role of Small Droplets in Classifying Drop Size Distributions ILASS Americas 17th Annual Conference:Arlington VA [Non-Patent Document 3] JHCombellack, NMWesten and RGRichardson,Crop Prot.,1996,15,147-152 [Non-Patent Document 4] O.Permin, L.N.Jorgensen and K.Persson, Crop Prot., 1992, 11, 541 - 546

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Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0018] Therefore, there is a need to provide a formulation that shows good coverage of crops and does not show high wash - off while providing good biological effectiveness when sprayed not only with a "normal" amount (50 - 500 l / ha) but also with an ultra - low spray amount according to the present invention.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0019] The solution is provided by the formulation described in claim 1, specifically by a formulation containing a specific drift reducer in combination with a selected spreading agent and rainproofing agent at a specific concentration. Such a formulation provides minimal drift or at least maintained drift, while simultaneously providing increased coverage and diameter of sprayed deposits at low spray volumes, while maintaining or improving spreading properties, biological efficacy, and rainproofing. Furthermore, the increased coverage and diameter of sprayed deposits are comparable to the coverage obtained at normally higher spray volumes.

[0020] Furthermore, the formulations illustrating the present invention are particularly effective on hard to wet leaf surfaces where conventional spray amounts have lower retention and coverage.

[0021] A particular advantage of the present invention, stemming from the fact that, in the case of low-volume application, the total amount of all components is lower compared to the levels required for the usual higher spray volumes, is that the formulation is less expensive and easier to manufacture. Further advantages include improved formulation stability, simplified manufacturing, lower product costs, and reduced environmental impact.

[0022] Formulations containing drift reducers, which are also known in the prior art for tank mixes, are primarily designed for much higher spray volumes and generally contain lower concentrations of spreading agents in the spray broth. Nevertheless, due to the high spray volumes used in the prior art, the total amount of spreading agent used, and therefore in the environment, is higher than in the present invention.

[0023] The concentration of the drift reducing agent is a crucial element of this invention, because, especially in the case of oil-based drift inhibitors used as penetration enhancers, the appropriate effect is already achieved at a much lower concentration than any effect on the penetration of the active substance. Therefore, when the amount of oil is small and has little environmental impact, drift can be significantly reduced. A small amount of the drift reducing agent (also called a drift inhibitor) means less than 25 g / l. This means that good drift reduction can already be achieved at an amount of 5-10 g / ha, instead of the conventional 100-500 g / ha that must be present for the uptake effect.

[0024] On the other hand, high oil content can increase the volume and complexity of the product and reduce its stability; therefore, it should be avoided unless required as an incorporation enhancer or solvent.

[0025] The minimum concentration of drift reducer is typically achieved at 0.5 g / l.

[0026] Regarding spreading agents for low-volume application, approximately 250 g / ha of spreading agent is required to achieve satisfactory spreading at a spray rate of 500 l / ha, as used in the prior art. Therefore, when faced with the challenge of reducing the spray rate, those skilled in the art would likely apply the same concentration of spreading agent to the formulation. For example, at a spray rate of 10 l / ha, approximately 5 g / ha (about 0.05% in the spray broth) of surfactant would be required. However, such small amounts using such low concentrations of spreading agent cannot achieve sufficient spreading (see example).

[0027] Furthermore, as noted above, according to the present invention, a rain-resistant additive must be present to prevent washing off in unacceptable amounts.

[0028] As demonstrated in conventional applications, the inventors found that increasing the concentration of the spreading agent as the spray volume decreases can compensate for the loss of coverage (due to insufficient spreading) caused by the reduced spray volume. Surprisingly, it was found that the concentration of the surfactant should approximately double for every 50% reduction in the spray volume.

[0029] Therefore, compared to formulations known in the art, the absolute concentration of the spreading agent may increase, but the relative total amount per hectare may decrease, which is economically and ecologically advantageous. Meanwhile, the coverage and effectiveness of the formulation according to the present invention are improved, maintained, or at least maintained at an acceptable level, given other advantages of low-volume application, such as lower product cost, fewer vehicles with lower labor costs, and less soil compaction, resulting in lower formulation costs.

[0030] Furthermore, the inventors have surprisingly found that the formulation according to the present invention exhibits low drift characteristics and good spreading characteristics when compared with formulations known in the art that do not contain drift inhibitors.

[0031] Furthermore, despite the high concentrations of spreading and wetting agents, the rain resistance and drift reduction of the formulation according to the present invention were found to be equivalent to or better than those of the reference formulation based on the prior art.

[0032] Furthermore, when methyl esters of vegetable oils are used as b), a positive effect on foaming, i.e., foam reduction, of the formulation was observed, particularly in relation to organosilicone spreading agents.

[0033] As noted above, the formulation of the present invention is particularly suitable for low-dose application depending on the texture of the leaf surface. Bico et al. [Wetting of textured surfaces, Colloids and Surfaces A, 206 (2002) 41-46] established that, compared to smooth surfaces, textured surfaces can enhance wetting of the formulation spray dilution at a contact angle < 90° and reduce wetting at a contact angle > 90°.

[0034] This also applies to leaf surfaces, particularly rough leaf surfaces, where, when sprayed using the method according to the present invention, a low spray volume using the formulation according to the present invention with a high concentration of the spreading agent results in a low total amount (per hectare) of spreading agent. The coverage of the leaf surface by the spray solution could be shown to be significantly higher than the level normally expected.

[0035] Rough leaf surfaces include, for example, leaves of garlic, onion, leek, soybean (≤GS 16 (BBCH 16)), oat, wheat, barley, rice, sugarcane, pineapple, banana, flaxseed, lily, orchid, corn (≤GS 15 (BBCH 15)), cabbage, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower, rye, rapeseed, tulip and peanut, which have micron-scale wax crystals on their surface, and leaves with rough surfaces such as those of lotus plants.

[0036] This is because weeds with rough leaf surfaces, such as Cassia obtusifolia, Chenopodium album, Agropyron repens, Alopecurus myosuroides, Apera spica-venti, Avena fatua, Brachiaria plantaginea, Bromus secalinus, Cynodon dactylon, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Panicum dichotomiflorum, Poa annua, and Setaria viridis, in particular. This also clearly applies to applications to plants such as faberi and halepense.

[0037] The surface texture can be determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, and the wettability of a leaf can be determined by measuring the contact angle formed by water droplets on the leaf surface.

[0038] In summary, the object of the present invention is to provide a formulation that can be applied in high (200-500 l / ha or more) to low (i.e., <20 l / ha) amounts, while still providing good drift reduction, leaf coverage, and biological effectiveness against fungicidal pathogens, weeds, and pests, while providing good rainfastness, and at the same time reducing the amount of additional additives applied per hectare, as well as a method for using the formulation in high to low (<20 l / ha) amounts, and the use of the formulation for application in the low amounts defined above.

[0039] While application to rough-textured leaves is preferred, surprisingly, even on non-textured leaves, the formulation according to the present invention was found to exhibit better spreading and coverage rates, as well as other properties, compared to a classic 200 l / ha spray application formulation.

[0040] In one embodiment, the present invention relates to the use of the composition according to the present invention for foliar application.

[0041] Unless otherwise specified, % in this application means weight % (%w / w).

[0042] In the case of various ingredient combinations, it is understood that the percentage of all ingredients in the formulation will always add up to 100.

[0043] Furthermore, unless otherwise specified, the phrase "to volume" for water indicates that water will be added up to the total volume of the formulation (1000 ml / 1 liter). For clarification, if unclear, the density of the formulation is 1 g / cm³. 3 It is understood that this is the case.

[0044] In the context of the present invention, an aqueous-based pesticide composition comprises at least 5% water and includes a suspension agent, an aqueous suspension, a suspension emulsion, or a capsule suspension agent, preferably a suspension agent and an aqueous suspension.

[0045] Furthermore, the application volumes or application rates and the preferred required ranges of each component, as given in this specification, can be freely combined, and all combinations are disclosed herein, but it is understood that in a more preferred embodiment, the components are preferably present in a range of similar preference, and the even more preferred components are present in the range of most preference.

[0046] It is further understood that the formulations of the present invention refer to ready-to-use (in-can) formulations, rather than tank mix formulations, which can be used without the addition of adjuvants such as surfactants, wetting agents, uptake enhancers, drift or rainproof tank mix additives. [Brief explanation of the drawing]

[0047] [Figure 1] Figure 1 shows spray residue on wheat leaves. (i) and (iii) are spray dilution concentrations of 10 l / ha, and (ii) and (iv) are spray dilution concentrations of 200 l / ha. (i) and (ii) are reference recipes, and (iii) and (iv) are recipes illustrating the present invention. Images are taken from Example FN9. [Figure 2] Figure 2 shows the spray residue on tomato plants at a spray dilution concentration of 15 l / ha, where (i) is the reference recipe and (ii) is the recipe illustrating the present invention. The image is taken from Example FN10. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0048] In one embodiment, the present invention is as follows: a) One or more active ingredients, b) One or more drift reducing agents c) One or more spreading agents, e) One or more rain-resistant additives, f) Other combination drugs, g) One or more carriers up to a capacity of 1 L or 1 kg (Hereinafter, in one preferred embodiment, b) is a vegetable oil or vegetable oil ester or diester, and in another embodiment, component b) is a polymeric drift reducer.) This refers to a preparation containing [a specific ingredient / substance].

[0049] In another preferred embodiment, c) is present at 5 to 150 g / l, and b) is present at 0.01 to 50 g / l.

[0050] Unless otherwise indicated in the present invention, the carrier is typically used to prepare the volume of the formulation. Preferably, the concentration of the carrier in the formulation according to the present invention is at least 5% w / w, more preferably at least 10% w / w, for example at least 20% w / w, at least 40% w / w, at least 50% w / w, at least 60% w / w, at least 70% w / w and at least 80% w / w or at least 50 g / l each, more preferably at least 100 g / l, for example at least 200 g / l, at least 400 g / l, at least 500 g / l, at least 600 g / l, at least 700 g / l and at least 800 g / l.

[0051] The formulation is preferably intended for use as a spray on crops.

[0052] In a more preferred embodiment, the formulation is a flowable formulation containing the active ingredient in particulate form, particularly SC, SE, and OD formulations. The most preferred formulation is the SC formulation.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the carrier is water in the following embodiments described herein as well.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, the formulation of the present invention is a) One or more active ingredients, b) One or more drift reduction components c) One or more spreading agents, e) One or more rain-resistant additives, f1) At least one suitable nonionic surfactant and / or a suitable ionic surfactant, f2) Optionally, a rheological modifier, f3) Optionally, a suitable defoaming agent, f4) Optionally, a suitable antifreeze, f5) Optionally, other suitable formulations, g) Carrier up to capacity (Here, c) is present in a concentration of 5 to 150 g / l, water is more preferably used as a carrier, and in one preferred embodiment, b) is a vegetable oil or vegetable oil ester or diester, and in another embodiment, component b) is a polymeric drift reducer.) It contains.

[0055] In another embodiment, at least one of f2, f3, f4, and f5 is required, preferably at least two of f1, f2, f3, f4, and f5 are required, and in yet another embodiment, f1, f2, f3, f4, and f5 are required.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, component a) is present in an amount of preferably 5 to 500 g / l, preferably 10 to 320 g / l, and most preferably 20 to 230 g / l.

[0057] In another embodiment, component a) is a disinfectant.

[0058] In another embodiment, component a) is an insecticide.

[0059] In another embodiment, component a) is a herbicide.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, component b) is present at a concentration of 0.01 to 50 g / l, preferably 0.1 to 30 g / l, and most preferably 1 to 20 g / l.

[0061] If b) is selected from the group consisting of vegetable oils and esters, b) is preferably present in a concentration of 1 to 50 g / l, preferably 5 to 30 g / l, and most preferably 6 to 30 g / l.

[0062] If b) is selected from the group of polymeric drift reducing agents, b) is preferably present in a concentration of 0.05 to 10 g / l, preferably 0.1 to 8 g / l, and most preferably 0.2 to 6 g / l.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment, component c) is present at a concentration of 5 to 150 g / l, preferably 10 to 120 g / l, and most preferably 20 to 80 g / l.

[0064] In a preferred embodiment, component e) is present at a concentration of 5 to 150 g / l, preferably 10 to 100 g / l, and most preferably 20 to 80 g / l.

[0065] In a preferred embodiment, one or more components f1) are present in a concentration of 4 to 250 g / l, preferably 8 to 120 g / l, and most preferably 10 to 80 g / l.

[0066] In a preferred embodiment, one or more components f2) are present in a concentration of 0 to 60 g / l, preferably 1 to 20 g / l, and most preferably 2 to 10 g / l.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment, one or more components f3) are present at a concentration of 0 to 30 g / l, preferably 0.5 to 20 g / l, and most preferably 1 to 12 g / l.

[0068] In a preferred embodiment, one or more components f4) are present in a concentration of 0 to 200 g / l, preferably 5 to 150 g / l, and most preferably 10 to 120 g / l.

[0069] In a preferred embodiment, one or more components f5) are present in a concentration of 0 to 200 g / l, preferably 0.1 to 120 g / l, and most preferably 0.5 to 80 g / l.

[0070] In one embodiment, the formulation contains components a) to f) in the following amounts. a) 5-500 g / l, preferably 10-320 g / l, most preferably 20-230 g / l, b) 0.01 to 50 g / l, preferably 0.1 to 30 g / l, most preferably 1 to 20 g / l, and if b) is a vegetable oil or ester, 1 to 50 g / l, preferably 5 to 30 g / l, most preferably 6 to 30 g / l, if b) is a drift-reducing polymer, 0.05 to 10 g / l, preferably 0.1 to 8 g / l, most preferably 0.2 to 6 g / l. c) 5-150 g / l, preferably 10-120 g / l, most preferably 20-80 g / l, e) 5-150 g / l, preferably 10-100 g / l, most preferably 20-80 g / l, f) 4-250 g / l, preferably 8-120 g / l, most preferably 10-80 g / l. g) Carrier up to the capacity.

[0071] In another embodiment, the formulation contains components a) to f) in the following amounts: a) 5-500 g / l, preferably 10-320 g / l, most preferably 20-230 g / l, b) 0.01 to 50 g / l, preferably 0.1 to 30 g / l, most preferably 1 to 20 g / l, and if b) is a vegetable oil or ester, 1 to 50 g / l, preferably 5 to 30 g / l, most preferably 6 to 30 g / l, if b) is a drift-reducing polymer, 0.05 to 10 g / l, preferably 0.1 to 8 g / l, most preferably 0.2 to 6 g / l, c) 5-150 g / l, preferably 10-120 g / l, most preferably 20-80 g / l, e) 5-150 g / l, preferably 10-100 g / l, most preferably 20-80 g / l, f1) 4-250 g / l, preferably 8-120 g / l, most preferably 10-80 g / l, f2) 0-60 g / l, preferably 1-20 g / l, most preferably 2-10 g / l, f3) 0-30 g / l, preferably 0.5-20 g / l, most preferably 1-12 g / l, f4) 0-200 g / l, preferably 5-150 g / l, most preferably 10-120 g / l, f5) 0-200 g / l, preferably 0.1-120 g / l, most preferably 0.5-80 g / l, g) Carrier up to the capacity.

[0072] When a solid carrier is used, it is understood that the above quantity refers to 1 kg, i.e., g / kg, not 1 liter.

[0073] As described above, component g) is always added up to the specified volume, i.e., 1 liter or 1 kg (the latter in the case of a solid formulation).

[0074] In a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the formulation consists only of the above components a) to g) in specified amounts and ranges.

[0075] In preferred embodiments, the herbicide is used in combination with a phytotoxicity reducer, which is preferably selected from the group comprising isoxadifen-ethyl and mefenpyr-diethyl.

[0076] The present invention further applies to the method of application of the formulations referenced above, where the formulation is applied in a spray volume of 1 to 30 l / ha, preferably 1 to 20 l / ha, more preferably 2 to 15 l / ha, and most preferably 5 to 15 l / ha.

[0077] More preferably, the present invention applies to a method of applying the above formulation, where the formulation is applied in a spray volume of 1 to 30 l / ha, preferably 1 to 20 l / ha, more preferably 2 to 15 l / ha, and most preferably 5 to 15 l / ha, and the amount of c) is present in an amount of 5 to 250 g / l, preferably 8 to 120 g / l, and most preferably 10 to 80 g / l, where, in a further preferred embodiment, a) is present in an amount of 5 to 500 g / l, preferably 10 to 320 g / l, and most preferably 20 to 230 g / l, and even more preferably, b) is present in an amount of 0.01 to 50 g / l, preferably 0.1 to 30 g c) is present in an amount of 5 to 150 g / l, preferably 10 to 120 g / l, most preferably 20 to 80 g / l, and more preferably e) is present in an amount of 5 to 150 g / l, preferably 10 to 100 g / l, most preferably 20 to 80 g / l.

[0078] In another embodiment, the present invention applies to a method for administering the above-mentioned formulation. Here, the formulation is applied in a spray volume of 1 to 30 l / ha, preferably 1 to 20 l / ha, more preferably 2 to 15 l / ha, and most preferably 5 to 15 l / ha. Here, preferably, the application rate to the crop in a) is 2 to 150 g / ha, preferably 5 to 120 g / ha, and more preferably 20 to 100 g / ha.

[0079] Furthermore, when b) is a vegetable oil or an ester of a vegetable oil, the drift reducing agent b) is preferably applied at a rate of 0.1 g / ha to 50 g / ha, more preferably 1 g / ha to 40 g / ha, and most preferably 5 g / ha to 30 g / ha.

[0080] Furthermore, when b) is a polymer, the drift reducing agent b) is preferably applied at a rate of 0.01 g / ha to 25 g / ha, more preferably 0.05 g / ha to 10 g / ha, and most preferably 0.1 g / ha to 6 g / ha.

[0081] In contrast to the aforementioned oils as drift-reducing agents, the corresponding polymers must be present in a higher concentration in the formulation in preparation for subsequent spraying at higher spray volumes, as dilution has a stronger effect on them.

[0082] Furthermore, the spreading agent c) is preferably applied at a rate of 5 g / ha to 150 g / ha, more preferably 7.5 g / ha to 100 g / ha, and most preferably 10 g / ha to 60 g / ha.

[0083] In one embodiment, the amount of a) applied to the crop by the above method is 2 to 10 g / ha.

[0084] In another embodiment, the amount of a) applied to the crop by the method described above is 40-110 g / ha.

[0085] In one embodiment of the above application, the active ingredient (ai)a) is preferably applied at a rate of 2 to 150 g / ha, preferably 5 to 120 g / ha, and more preferably 20 to 100 g / ha, while the spreading agent is preferably applied at a rate of 10 g / ha to 100 g / ha, more preferably 20 g / ha to 80 g / ha, and most preferably 40 g / ha to 60 g / ha.

[0086] In particular, the formulation of the present invention is useful for application to crops or plants having a rough leaf surface, preferably wheat, barley, rice, rapeseed, soybeans (young plants), and cabbage, at a spray rate of 1 to 20 l / ha, preferably 2 to 15 l / ha, and more preferably 5 to 15 l / ha.

[0087] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for treating crops having a rough leaf surface, preferably wheat, barley, rice, rapeseed, soybeans (young plants), and cabbage, with a spray rate of 1 to 20 l / ha, preferably 2 to 15 l / ha, more preferably 5 to 15 l / ha.

[0088] In a preferred embodiment, the above application is applied to crops having a rough leaf surface, preferably wheat, barley, rice, rapeseed, soybeans (young plants), and cabbage.

[0089] In one embodiment, the active ingredient is a fungicide, a mixture of two fungicides, or a mixture of three fungicides.

[0090] In another embodiment, the active ingredient is an insecticide, a mixture of two insecticides, or a mixture of three insecticides.

[0091] In yet another embodiment, the active ingredient is a herbicide, a mixture of two herbicides, or a mixture of three herbicides, preferably a phytotoxicity reducer in the mixture.

[0092] In one embodiment, the concentrations of additives b) to e) in the spray solution of the pesticide composition described herein are: Additive b) 0.005 to 1 g / l, most preferably 0.04 to 0.6 g / l, where b) is a polymer. Additive b) 0.01 to 5 g / l, most preferably 0.02 to 2.5 g / l, where b) is oil. Additive c) 0.25~5 g / l, most preferably 1~3 g / l Additive e) 0.5-10 g / l, most preferably 2-6 g / l Therefore.

[0093] In one embodiment, the doses of additives b) to e) per hectare in the spray solution of the pesticide composition described herein are: Additive b) is 0.05 to 10 g / ha, most preferably 0.4 to 6 g / ha, where b) is a polymer. Additive b) 0.1 to 50 g / ha, most preferably 0.2 to 30 g / ha, where b) is oil. Additive c) 1.25-50 g / ha, most preferably 10-30 g / ha Additive e) 5-100g / ha, most preferably 20-60g / ha Therefore.

[0094] In one embodiment, the concentration in the formulation, the concentration in the spray solution, and the doses of additives b) to e) per hectare are combined in the following manner. Additive b) 0.4-6 g / l in the formulation, 0.02-0.6 g / l in the spray solution, and 0.2-6 g / ha, where b) is a polymer. Additive b) 0.1 to 50 g / l in the formulation, 0.01 to 5 g / l in the spray solution, and 0.2 to 30 g / ha, where b) is oil. Additive c) 10-40 g / l in the formulation, 0.5-4 g / l in the spray solution, and 8-30 g / ha Additive e) 20-80 g / l in the formulation, 1-6 g / l in the spray solution, and 20-60 g / ha.

[0095] The corresponding dose of the spreading agent (c) in the formulation according to the present invention relative to the administered dose is: 2 l / ha liquid formulation - Products delivering 50 g / ha of spreading agent contain 25 g / l of surfactant (c).

[0096] - Products delivering 30 g / ha of spreading agent contain 15 g / l of surfactant (c).

[0097] - Products delivering 12 g / ha of spreading agent contain 6 g / l of surfactant (c).

[0098] - Products delivering 10 g / ha of spreading agent contain 5 g / l of surfactant (c).

[0099] Liquid formulation at 1 l / ha: A product that delivers a spreading agent at a concentration of 50 g / ha contains 50 g / l of surfactant (c), A product that delivers a spreading agent at 30 g / ha contains 30 g / l of surfactant (c), A product that delivers a spreading agent at 12 g / ha contains 12 g / l of surfactant (c), Products that deliver a spreading agent at a concentration of 10 g / ha contain a surfactant (c) at a concentration of 10 g / l.

[0100] 0.5 l / ha liquid formulation: A product that delivers 50 g / ha of spreading agent contains 100 g / l of surfactant (c), A product that delivers 30 g / ha of spreading agent contains 60 g / l of surfactant (c), A product that delivers 12 g / ha of spreading agent contains 24 g / l of surfactant (c), Products delivering 10 g / ha of spreading agent contain 20 g / l of surfactant (c).

[0101] 0.2 l / ha liquid formulation: A product that delivers 50 g / ha of spreading agent contains 250 g / l of surfactant (c), A product that delivers 30 g / ha of spreading agent contains 150 g / l of surfactant (c), A product that delivers 12 g / ha of spreading agent contains 60 g / l of surfactant (c), A product delivering 10 g / ha of spreading agent contains 50 g / l of surfactant (c).

[0102] 2 kg / ha solid formulation: Products delivering 50 g / ha of spreading agent contain 25 g / kg of surfactant (c), A product delivering 30 g / ha of spreading agent contains 15 g / kg of surfactant (c), The product that delivers 12 g / ha of spreading agent contains 6 g / kg of surfactant (c), Products delivering 10 g / ha of spreading agent contain 5 g / kg of surfactant (c).

[0103] Solid formulation at 1 kg / ha: Products that deliver 50 g / ha of spreading agent contain 50 g / kg of surfactant (c), Products that deliver a spreading agent at a concentration of 30 g / ha contain 30 g / kg of surfactant (c), A product that delivers 12 g / ha of spreading agent contains 12 g / kg of surfactant (c), Products delivering 10 g / ha of spreading agent contain 10 g / kg of surfactant (c).

[0104] 0.5 kg / ha solid formulation: A product that delivers 50 g / ha of spreading agent contains 100 g / kg of surfactant (c), A product delivering 30 g / ha of spreading agent contains 60 g / kg of surfactant (c), A product delivering 12 g / ha of spreading agent contains 24 g / kg of surfactant (c), Products delivering 10 g / ha of spreading agent contain 20 g / kg of surfactant (c).

[0105] The concentration of the spreading agent (c) in formulations applied at other doses per hectare can be calculated using the same method.

[0106] In the context of the present invention, preferred formulation types are, by definition, suspension agents, aqueous suspensions, suspend emulsions or capsule suspension agents, emulsion concentrates, water-dispersible granules, oil dispersions, emulsions, wettable powders, wetting granules, preferably suspension agents, aqueous suspensions, suspend emulsions and oil dispersions, where, in the case of non-aqueous formulations or solid formulations, sprayable formulations are obtained by adding water.

[0107] Active ingredient (a): The active compounds identified herein by their common names are publicly known and can be found, for example, in the Pesticide Handbook ("The Pesticide Manual," 16th edition, British Crop Protection Council 2012) or on the Internet (e.g., http: / / www.alanwood.net / pesticides). The classification is based on the IRAC Mode of Action Classification Scheme in effect at the time of filing of this patent application.

[0108] Examples of the fungicide (a) according to the present invention are as follows: 1) Ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors, e.g., (1.001) cyproconazole, (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.003) epoxyconazole, (1.004) fenhexamide, (1.005) fenpropidine, (1.006) fenpropimorph, (1.007) fenpyrazamine, (1.008) fluquinconazole, (1.009) flutriafol, (1.010) imazalil, (1.011) imazalil sulfate, (1.012) ipconazole, (1.013) metconazole, (1.014) mi Clobutanil, (1.015) Paclobutrazol, (1.016) Prochloraz, (1.017) Propiconazole, (1.018) Prothioconazole, (1.019) Pyrisoxazole, (1.020) Spiroxamine, (1.021) Tebuconazole, (1.022) Tetraconazole, (1.023) Triadimenol, (1.024) Tridemorph, (1.025) Triticonazole, (1.026) (1R,2S,5S)-5-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-2-(Chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H- 1,2,4-Triazole-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol, (1.027)(1S,2R,5R)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol, (1.028)(2R)-2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(1R)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)butan-2-ol, (1.029)(2R)-2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)- 4-[(1S)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)butan-2-ol, (1.030)(2R)-2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)propane-2-ol, (1.031)(2S)-2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(1R)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)butan-2-ol, (1.032)(2S)-2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(1S)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)butan-2-ol, (1.033)(2S)-2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)propan-2-ol, (1.034)(R)-[3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,2-oxazol-4-yl](pyridine-3- (Il)methanol, (1.035)(S)-[3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,2-oxazole-4-yl](pyridine-3-yl)methanol, (1.036)[3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,2-oxazole-4-yl](pyridine-3-yl)methanol, (1.037)1-({(2R,4S)-2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl}methyl )-1H-1,2,4-triazole, (1.038)1-({(2S,4S)-2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl}methyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole, (1.039)1-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-ylthiocyanate, (1.040)1-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl [(nyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-ylthiocyanate, (1.041)1-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-ylthiocyanate, (1.042)2-[(2R,4R,5R)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thion, (1.043)2-[(2R,4R,5S)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.044)2-[(2R,4S,5R)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.045)2-[(2R,4S,5S)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl (1.046)2-[(2S,4R,5R)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thion, (1.047)2-[(2S,4R,5S)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2 ,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thion, (1.048)2-[(2S,4S,5R)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thion, (1.049)2-[(2S,4S,5S)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thion, (1. 050)2-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.051)2-[2-chloro-4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)propan-2-ol, (1.052)2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)butan-2-ol, (1.053)2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)butan-2-ol, (1.054)2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)pentan-2-ol, (1.055)mefentrifluconazole, (1.056)2-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2, 4-Triazole-3-thione, (1.057)2-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.058)2-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1.059)5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2- Methyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol, (1.060)5-(allylsulfanil)-1-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole, (1.061)5-(allylsulfanil)-1-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole, (1.062)5-(allylsulfanil)- 1-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole, (1.063)N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{[3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)phenyl]sulfanyl}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.064)N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{[3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)phenyl]sulfanyl}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.(065)N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{[3-(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy)phenyl]sulfanyl}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.066)N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{[3-(pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]sulfanyl}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.067)N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{3-[(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methyl Imidoformamide, (1.068)N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{3-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.069)N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{3-[(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy}phenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.070)N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-{3-[(pentafluoroethyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy}phenyl)-N -Ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.071)N'-(2,5-dimethyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.072)N'-(4-{[3-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]sulfanyl}-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.073)N'-(4-{3-[(difluoromethyl)sulfanyl]phenoxy}-2,5-dimethylphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.074)N'-[5 -Bromo-6-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yloxy)-2-methylpyridine-3-yl]-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.075)N'-{4-[(4,5-dichloro-1,3-thiazole-2-yl)oxy]-2,5-dimethylphenyl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.076)N'-{5-bromo-6-[(1R)-1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpyridine-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.077)N'-{5-bromo-6-[(1S)-1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpyridine-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.078)N'-{5-bromo-6-[(cis-4-isopropyl-cyclohexyl)oxy]-2-methylpyridine-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.079)N'-{5-bromo-6-[(trans-4-isopropylcyclohexyl)oxy]-2-methylpyridine-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.080)N'-{5-bromo-6-[1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpyridine-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide. Muamido, (1.081) Ipfentrifluconazole, (1.082) 2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)propan-2-ol, (1.083) 2-[6-(4-bromophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazole-1-yl) (1.084)2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-1-(1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)propan-2-ol, (1.085)3-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxypropyl]imidazole-4-carbonitride, ( 1.086)4-[[6-[rac-(2R)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,1-difluoro-2-hydroxy-3-(5-thioxo-4H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)propyl]-3-pyridyl]oxy]benzonitrile, (1.087)N-isopropyl-N'-[5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoro-1-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)phenyl]-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.088)N'-{5-bromo-2-methyl-6-[(1-propoxypropan-2-yl)oxy]pyridine-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1.089)hexaconazole, (1.090)penconazole, (1.091)fenbuconazole.

[0109] 2) Inhibitors of the respiratory chain in complex I or complex II, e.g., (2.001) benzovindiflupir, (2.002) bixafen, (2.003) boscalid, (2.004) carboxyne, (2.005) fluopyram, (2.006) flutolanil, (2.007) fluxapiroxad, (2.008) flametopir, (2.009) isofetamide, (2.010) isopyrazam (anti-epimerized enantiomer 1R, 4S, 9S), (2.011) isopyrazam (anti-epimerized enantiomer 1S) (2.012) Isopyrazam (anti-epimerated racemic compound 1RS, 4SR, 9SR), (2.013) Isopyrazam (mixture of syn-epimerated racemic compound (1RS, 4SR, 9RS) and anti-epimerated racemic compound (1RS, 4SR, 9SR)), (2.014) Isopyrazam (syn-epimerated enantiomer 1R, 4S, 9R), (2.015) Isopyrazam (syn-epimerated enantiomer 1S, 4R, 9S), (2.016) Isopyrazam (syn-epimerated racemic compound 1 RS, 4SR, 9RS), (2.017) Penflufen, (2.018) Penthiopyrad, (2.019) Pidiflumetofen, (2.020) Pyraziflumid, (2.021) Sedaxane, (2.022) 1,3-Dimethyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.023) 1,3-Dimethyl-N-[(3R)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide Xamide, (2.024) 1,3-dimethyl-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.025) 1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[2'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.026) 2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)benzamide, (2.027)3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.028)Impyrfluxam, (2.029)3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3S)-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.030)Fluindapyr, (2.031)3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-7-fluoro-1 ,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.032)3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3S)-7-fluoro-1,1,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.033)5,8-difluoro-N-[2-(2-fluoro-4-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-yl]oxy}phenyl)ethyl]quinazoline-4-amine, (2.034)N-(2-cyclopentyl-5-fluorobenzyl)-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.035)N-(2-tert-butyl-5-methylbenzyl)-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.036)N-(2-tert-butylbenzyl)-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl- 1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.037)N-(5-chloro-2-ethylbenzyl)-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.038)isoflucypram, (2.039)N-[(1R,4S)-9-(dichloromethylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalene-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.040)N-[(1S,4R)-9-(dichloromethylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalene-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.041)N-[1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.042)N-[2-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5- Fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.043)N-[3-chloro-2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.044)N-[5-chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.045)N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoro Methyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-N-[5-methyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.046)N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(2-fluoro-6-isopropylbenzyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.047)N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(2-isopropyl-5-methylbenzyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.048 )N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(2-isopropylbenzyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbothioamide, (2.049)N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(2-isopropylbenzyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.050)N-cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-N-(5-fluoro-2-isopropylbenzyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.(051) N-Cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-4,5-dimethylbenzyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.052) N-Cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-5-fluorobenzyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.053) N-Cyclopropyl-3-(difluoromethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-5-methylbenzyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.054) N-Cyclopropyl-N-(2-cyclopropyl-5-fluorobenzyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole -4-carboxamide, (2.055)N-cyclopropyl-N-(2-cyclopropyl-5-methylbenzyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.056)N-cyclopropyl-N-(2-cyclopropylbenzyl)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.057)pyrapropoine, (2.058)N-[rac-(1S,2S)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)cyclobutyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinamide, (2.059)N-[(1S,2S)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)cyclobutyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinamide.

[0110] 3) Inhibitors of the respiratory chain in complex III, e.g., (3.001) ametoctrazine, (3.002) amisulbrom, (3.003) azoxystrobin, (3.004) coumethoxystrobin, (3.005) chemoxystrobin, (3.006) cyazofamide, (3.007) dimoxystrobin, (3.008) enoxastrobin, (3.009) famoxadone, (3.010) fenamidon, (3.011) flufenoxystrobin, (3.01 2) Fluoxastrobin, (3.013) Kresoxime-methyl, (3.014) Metminostrobin, (3.015) Orysastrobin, (3.016) Picoxystrobin, (3.017) Pyraclostrobin, (3.018) Pyramethostrobin, (3.019) Pyraoxystrobin, (3.020) Trifloxystrobin, (3.021) (2E)-2-{2-[({[(1E)-1-(3-{[(E)-1-fluoro-2-phenylvinyl]oxy}phenyl)ethylidene]amino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-(methoxy (imino)-N-methylacetamide, (3.022)(2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-yl]oxy}-2-(methoxyimino)-N,3-dimethylpenta-3-enamide, (3.023)(2R)-2-{2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide, (3.024)(2S)-2-{2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide, (3.025) fenpicoxamide, (3.0 26) Mandestrobin, (3.027) N-(3-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-formamide-2-hydroxybenzamide, (3.028) (2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-yl]oxy}-2-(methoxyimino)-N,3-dimethylpenta-3-enamide, (3.029) {5-[3-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-yl]-2-methylbenzyl}carbamate methyl, (3.030) Methyltetraprole, (3.031) Floryl picoxamide.

[0111] 4) Inhibitors of mitosis and cell division, e.g., (4.001) carbendazim, (4.002) diethofencarb, (4.003) etaboxam, (4.004) fluopicolide, (4.005) pencyclon, (4.006) thiabendazole, (4.007) thiophanate-methyl, (4.008) zoxamide, (4.009) pyridaclomethyl, (4.010) 3-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methylpyridazine, (4.011) 3-chloro-5-(6-chloropyridine-3- (Iyl)-6-methyl-4-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)pyridazine, (4.012)4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.013)4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.014)4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-bromophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine (4.015)4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.016)4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.017)4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.018)4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2,6- (Difluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.019)4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.020)4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.021)4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.(022) 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-3,6-dimethylpyridazine, (4.023) N-(2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.024) N-(2-bromophenyl)-4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.025) N-(4-chloro-2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-amine, (4.026) fluopimomide.

[0112] 5) Compounds that may exhibit multisite activity, for example, (5.001) Bordeaux mixture, (5.002) Captahole, (5.003) Captan, (5.004) Chlorothalonyl, (5.005) Copper hydroxide, (5.006) Copper naphthenate, (5.007) Copper oxide, (5.008) Copper oxychloride, (5.009) Copper(2+) sulfate, (5.010) Dithianone, (5.011) Dozin, (5.012) Holpet, (5.013) Mancozeb, (5.014) Maneb , (5.015) Methylam, (5.016) Zinc Methylam, (5.017) Copper Oxine, (5.018) Propineb, (5.019) Sulfur and Sulfur Agents containing Calcium Polysulfide, (5.020) Thiuram, (5.021) Zineb, (5.022) Ziram, (5.023) 6-Ethyl-5,7-Dioxo-6,7-Dihydro-5H-Pyrrolo[3',4':5,6][1,4]Dithiino[2,3-c][1,2]Thiazole-3-Carbonitrile.

[0113] 6) Compounds that can induce a host defense response, for example, (6.001) acibenzoral-S-methyl, (6.002) isothianil, (6.003) probenazole, (6.004) thiadinil.

[0114] 7) Inhibitors of amino acid and / or protein biosynthesis, e.g., (7.001) cyprodinil, (7.002) kasugamycin, (7.003) kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, (7.004) oxytetracycline, (7.005) pyrimethanil, (7.006) 3-(5-fluoro-3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-1-yl)quinoline.

[0115] 8) ATP production inhibitors, e.g., (8.001) silthiofam.

[0116] 9) Cell wall synthesis inhibitors, e.g., (9.001) benciavalicarb, (9.002) dimethomorph, (9.003) flumorph, (9.004) iprovalicarb, (9.005) mandipropamide, (9.006) pyrimorph, (9.007) valifenarate, (9.008) (2E)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridine-4-yl)-1-(morpholine-4-yl)propa-2-en-1-one, (9.009) (2Z)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridine-4-yl)-1-(morpholine-4-yl)propa-2-en-1-one.

[0117] 10) Lipid and membrane synthesis inhibitors, e.g., (10.001) propamocarb, (10.002) propamocarb hydrochloride, (10.003) tolclofos-methyl.

[0118] 11) Melanin biosynthesis inhibitors, e.g., (11.001) trichillazole, (11.002) tolprocarb.

[0119] 12) Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors, e.g., (12.001) Benalaxil, (12.002) Benalaxil-M (Quiralaxil), (12.003) Metalaxil, (12.004) Metalaxil-M (Mephenoxam).

[0120] 13) Signaling inhibitors, e.g., (13.001) fludioxonil, (13.002) iprodione, (13.003) procymidone, (13.004) proquinazide, (13.005) quinoxifen, (13.006) vinclozoline.

[0121] 14) Compounds that can act as uncoupling agents, e.g., (14.001) fluazinam, (14.002) meptildinocap.

[0122] 15) Further fungicides selected from the group consisting of: (15.001) abscisic acid, (15.002) benthazole, (15.003) bethoxazine, (15.004) capsimycin, (15.005) carvone, (15.006) quinomethionate, (15.007) cufraneb, (15.008) cyflufenamid, (15.009) cymoxanil, (15.010) cyprosulfamide, (15.011) fluthianil, (15.012) fosetil-al Minam, (15.013) Fosetyl-Calcium, (15.014) Fosetyl-Sodium, (15.015) Methyl Isothiocyanate, (15.016) Metraphenone, (15.017) Mildiomycin, (15.018) Natamycin, (15.019) Nickel Dimethyldithiocarbamate, (15.020) Nitrotal-Isopropyl, (15.021) Oxamocarb, (15.022) Oxathiapiproline, (15.023) Oxyphenthiin, (15.024) Pentachloro (15.025) Phosphite and its salts, (15.026) Propamocarb-focetilate, (15.027) Pyriophenone (Clazafenone), (15.028) Tebufloquine, (15.029) Tecrophthalam, (15.030) Torniphanide, (15.031) 1-(4-{4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-3-yl]-1,3-thiazole-2-yl}piperidine-1-yl)-2-[5- [Tyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-yl]ethanone, (15.032) 1-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-3-yl]-1,3-thiazole-2-yl}piperidine-1-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-yl]ethanone, (15.033) 2-(6-benzylpyridine-2-yl)quinazoline, (15.034) dipimethicone, (15.(035)2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-yl]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-(propa-2-in-1-yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-3-yl}-1,3-thiazole-2-yl)piperidine-1-yl]ethanone, (15.036)2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-yl]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-chloro-6-(propa-2-in-1-yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-3-yl}-1,3-thiazole-2-yl)piperidine-1-yl]ethanone, (15.037)2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl) [(5R)-1H-pyrazole-1-yl]-1-[4-(4-{5-[2-fluoro-6-(propa-2-in-1-yloxy)-phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-3-yl}-1,3-thiazole-2-yl)piperidine-1-yl]ethanone, (15.038)2-[6-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methylpyridine-2-yl]quinazoline, (15.039)2-{(5R)-3-[2-(1-{[3,5-bis(difluoro-methyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-yl]acetyl}piperidine-4-yl)-1,3-thiazole-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-5-yl}-3-chlorophenyl Methanesulfonate, (15.040)2-{(5S)-3-[2-(1-{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-yl]acetyl}piperidine-4-yl)-1,3-thiazole-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-5-yl}-3-chlorophenyl Methanesulfonate, (15.041) Ipfluphenoquine, (15.042) 2-{2-fluoro-6-[(8-fluoro-2-methylquinoline-3-yl)oxy]phenyl}propan-2-ol, (15.043) fluoxapiprolin, (15.044) 2-{3-[2-(1-{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-yl]acetyl}piperidine-4-yl)-1,3-thiazole-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazole-5-yl}phenyl methanesulfonate, (15.(045) 2-phenylphenol and its salts, (15.046) 3-(4,4,5-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-1-yl)quinoline, (15.047) quinofumerine, (15.048) 4-amino-5-fluoropyrimidine-2-ol (tautomerized form: 4-amino-5-fluoropyrimidine-2(1H)-one), (15.049) 4-oxo-4-[(2-phenylethyl)amino]butyric acid, (15.050) 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, (15.051) 5-chloro-N'-phenyl-N'-(propa-2-in-1-yl)thiophene 2-Sulfonohydrazide, (15.052)5-Fluoro-2-[(4-Fluorobenzyl)oxy]pyrimidine-4-amine, (15.053)5-Fluoro-2-[(4-Methylbenzyl)oxy]pyrimidine-4-amine, (15.054)9-Fluoro-2,2-dimethyl-5-(quinoline-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazepine, (15.055)Buta-3-in-1-yl{6-[({[(Z )-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazole-5-yl)(phenyl)methylene]amino}oxy)methyl]pyridine-2-yl}carbamate, (15.056)(2Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenylacrylate ethyl, (15.057)phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, (15.058)3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate propyl, (15.059)quinoline-8-ol, (15.060)quinoline-8-ol Sulfate (2:1), (15.061) {6-[({[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazole-5-yl)(phenyl)methylene]amino}oxy)methyl]pyridine-2-yl}carbamate tert-butyl, (15.062) 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-1-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-one, (15.063) aminopyriphen, (15.064) (N'-[2-chloro-4-(2-fluorophenoxy)-5-methylphenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide), (15.065) (N'-(2-chloro-5-methyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide), (15.066)(2-{2-[(7,8-difluoro-2-methylquinoline-3-yl)oxy]-6-fluorophenyl}propan-2-ol), (15.067)(5-bromo-1-(5,6-dimethylpyridine-3-yl)-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline), (15.068)(3-(4,4-difluoro-5,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridine-7-yl)quinoline), (15.069)(1-(4,5-dimethyl-1H-benzimidazole-1-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-di (15.070) 8-fluoro-3-(5-fluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-1-yl)quinolone, (15.071) 8-fluoro-3-(5-fluoro-3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-1-yl)quinolone, (15.072) 3-(4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline-1-yl)-8-fluoroquinoline, (15.073) (N-methyl-N-phenyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2 (15.074) Methyl{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]phenyl}carbamate, (15.075) (N-{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]benzyl}cyclopropanecarboxamide), (15.076) N-methyl-4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]benzamide, (15.077) N-[(E)-methoxyiminomethyl]-4-[5-( (Trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-Oxadiazole-3-yl]benzamide, (15.078)N-[(Z)-Methoxyiminomethyl]-4-[5-(Trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-Oxadiazole-3-yl]benzamide, (15.079)N-[4-[5-(Trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-Oxadiazole-3-yl]phenyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide, (15.080)N-(2-Fluorophenyl)-4-[5-(Trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-Oxadiazole-3-yl]benzamide, (15.(081) 2,2-difluoro-N-methyl-2-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]phenyl]acetamide, (15.082) N-allyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl)phenyl]methyl]acetamide, (15.083) N-[(E)-N-methoxy-C-methyl-carbonimidoyl]-4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]benzamide, (15.084) N-[(Z)-N-methoxy [C-methylcarbonimidoyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]benzamide, (15.085)N-allyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide, (15.086)4,4-dimethyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidine-2-one, (15.087)N-methyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2 ,4-Oxadiazole-3-yl]benzenecarbothioamide, (15.088)5-methyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidine-2-one, (15.089)N-((2,3-difluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]-3,3,3-trifluoro-propanamide, (15.090)1-Methoxy-1-methyl-3-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxa Diazole-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.091) 1,1-diethyl-3-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.092) N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide, (15.093) N-methoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide, (15.094) 1-Methoxy-3-methyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.095) N-Methoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]phenyl]methyl)cyclopropanecarboxamide, (15.096) N,2-dimethoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide, (15.097) N-Ethyl-2-methyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-. 1,2,4-Oxadiazole-3-yl)phenyl]methyl]propanamide, (15.098) 1-Methoxy-3-methyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-Oxadiazole-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.099) 1,3-Dimethoxy-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-Oxadiazole-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.100) 3-Ethyl-1-Methoxy-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-Oxadiazole-3- [yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.101)1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]piperidine-2-one, (15.102)4,4-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidine-3-one, (15.103)5,5-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidine- 3-one, (15.104)3,3-dimethyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]piperidine-2-one, (15.105)1-[[3-fluoro-4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]azepan-2-one, (15.106)4,4-dimethyl-2-[[4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidine-3-one, (15 .107) 5,5-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidine-3-one, (15.108) ethyl(1-{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]benzyl}-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate, (15.109) N,N-dimethyl-1-{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]benzyl}-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-amine, (15.110) N-{2,3-difluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]benzyl}butanamide, (15.111) N-(1-methylcyclopropyl)-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]benzamide, (15.112) N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]benzamide, (15.113) 1-(5,6-dimethylpyridine-3-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (1 5.114)1-(6-(difluoromethyl)-5-methylpyridine-3-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.115)1-(5-(fluoromethyl)-6-methylpyridine-3-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.116)1-(6-(difluoromethyl)-5-methoxypyridine-3-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.117)4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]phenyl Dimethyl-carbamate, (15.118)N-{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl]phenyl}propanamide, (15.119)3-[2-(1-{[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-yl]acetyl}piperidine-4-yl)-1,3-thiazole-4-yl]-1,5-dihydro-2,4-benzodioxepin-6-yl methanesulfonate, (15.120)9-fluoro-3-[2-(1-{[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-yl]acetyl}piperidine-4-yl)-1,3-thiazole-4-yl]-1,5-dihydro-2,4-benzodioxepin-6-yl Methanesulfonate, (15.121)3-[2-(1-{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-yl]acetyl}piperidine-4-yl)-1,3-thiazole-4-yl]-1,5-dihydro-2,4-benzodioxepin-6-yl methanesulfonate, (15.122)3-[2-(1-{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-yl]acetyl}piperidine-4-yl)-1,3-thiazole-4-yl]-9-fluoro-1,5-dihydro-2,4-benzodioxepin-6-yl methanesulfonate, (15.123)1-(6,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-3-yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.124)8-fluoro-N-(4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methyl-1-phenylbutan-2-yl)quinoline-3-carboxamide, (15.125)8-fluoro-N-[(2S (15.126)N-(2,4-dimethyl-1-phenylpentan-2-yl)-8-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxamide, and (15.127)N-[(2S)-2,4-dimethyl-1-phenylpentan-2-yl]-8-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxamide.

[0123] An example of the insecticide (a) according to the present invention is as follows: (1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, e.g., carbamates, alanicarb, aldicarb, bengiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxime, butoxycarboxime, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, phenobucarb, formethaneate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metholcarb, oxamyl, pyrimicarb, propoxul, thiodicarb, thiophanox, triazamate, trimetacarb, XMC and xylylcarb, or organophosphate esters, e.g., acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, kazusaphos, chlorethoxyphos, chlorfenbinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanophos, dimeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos / DDVP, dichlorvos Lotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfon, EPN, ethione, etoprophos, famfur, phenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fostiazate, heptenophos, imisiaphos, isofenphos, O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl)isopropyl salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monoclotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion-methyl, fenthoate, phorate, fosalon, fosmet, phosphamidone, phoxim, pyrimiphos-methyl, profenophos, propetamphos, prothiophos, pyraclophos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupyrimphos, temephos, terbuphos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, trichlorfon, and bamidothion.

[0124] (2) GABAergic chloride ion channel antagonists, preferably cyclodiene-organochlorine systems, selected from chlordan and endosulfan; or phenylpyrazole systems (fiprole), selected from ethiprole and fipronil.

[0125] (3) Sodium channel modulators / voltage-gated sodium channel blockers, e.g., pyrethroids, e.g., acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl isomer, bioallethmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin [(1R)-trans-isomer], deltamethrin, empenthrin [(EZ)-(1R)-isomer], esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropa Thrin, fenvalerate, flucitrinate, flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, imiprothrin, cadetrin, monfluorothrin, permethrin, phenothrin [(1R)-trans-isomer], prallethrin, pyrethrins (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tetramethrin [(1R)-isomer], tralomethrin, and transfluthrin or DDT or methoxychlor.

[0126] (4) Competitive modulators of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), preferably neonicotinoids, which are selected from acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam, or sulfoximines selected from nicotine or sulfoxaflor, or butenolides selected from flupyradifurone, or mesoionics selected from triflumezopyrim.

[0127] (5) Allosteric modulators of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), preferably spinosin systems selected from spinetram and spinosad.

[0128] (6) Allosteric modulator of glutamate-regulated chloride channels (GluCl), preferably an avermectin / milbemycin derivative selected from abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin, and milbemectin.

[0129] (7) A juvenile hormone mimetic, preferably a juvenile hormone analog selected from hydroprene, quinoprene, and methoprene, or phenoxycarb or pyriproxyfen.

[0130] (8) Various unspecified (multisite) inhibitors, preferably alkyl halides selected from methyl bromide and other alkyl halides, or methyl isocyanate generators selected from chloropicrin or sulfuryl fluoride or borax or tartaric acid or dazomet and metam.

[0131] (9) A TRPV channel modulator for the chord organs, which is selected from pymetrozine and pyrifluquinazone.

[0132] (10) A mite growth inhibitor, which is selected from clofentedine, hexythiazox, diflovidazine, and etoxazole.

[0133] (11) Microbial disruptors in the insect midgut membrane, including Bacillus thuringiensis Subspezies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis Subspezies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis Subspezies kurstaki, and Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebryonis. (tenebrionis) and Bt plant proteins (selected from Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, VIP3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, and Cry34Ab1 / 35Ab1).

[0134] (12) Mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors, preferably ATP disruptors selected from diafenthiurone, or organotin compounds selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin and fenbutatin oxide, or propargit or tetradiphon.

[0135] (13) An uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation by disrupting the proton gradient, which is selected from chlorfenapyr, DNOC, and sulfuramide.

[0136] (14) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers, which are selected from bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam, and thiosultap sodium.

[0137] (15) Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors, type 0, which are selected from bistriflurone, chlorfluazurone, diflubenzuron, flucycloxurone, flufenoxurone, hexaflumurone, lufenuron, novaron, nobiflumuron, teflubenzuron, and triflumuron.

[0138] (16) Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors, type 1, which are selected from buprofezin.

[0139] (17) Molting disruptors (especially for diptera, i.e., two insects), which are selected from cyromazine.

[0140] (18) Ecdysone receptor agonists, which are selected from chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, and tebufenozide.

[0141] (19) Octopamine receptor agonist, which is selected from amitraz.

[0142] (20) Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors, which are selected from hydramethylnon, acequinosyl, and fluacrypilim.

[0143] (21) Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors, preferably so-called METI acaricides, which are selected from phenazaquine, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifene, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad and tolfenpyrad, or rotenone (Derris).

[0144] (22) A voltage-gated sodium channel blocker, which is selected from indoxacarb and metaflumizone.

[0145] (23) An acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor, preferably selected from spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat and spidoxamate (IUPAC name: 11-(4-chloro-2,6-xylyl)-12-hydroxy-1,4-dioxa-9-azadispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradeca-11-en-10-one).

[0146] (24) Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors, preferably phosphine-based agents selected from aluminum phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine, and zinc phosphide, or cyanides selected from calcium cyanide, potassium cyanide, and sodium cyanide.

[0147] (25) Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors, preferably beta-ketonitrile derivatives selected from cyenopyrafen and cyflumetofen, or carboxyanilide derivatives selected from piflubumide.

[0148] (28) A ryanodine receptor modulator, preferably a diamide selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyantranylprole, and flubendiamide.

[0149] (29) Modulators for chord-tone organs (target structure not defined), which are selected from flonicamide.

[0150] (30) Further active ingredients selected from the following: asinonapir, afidopiropen, afoxolein, azadirachtin, benklothiaz, benzoximate, benzpyrimoxane, bifenazat, broflanilid, bromopropylate, quinomethionate, chloroprallethrin, cryolite, cycloniliprol, cycloxaprid, cyhalodiamid, dichloromezothiaz, dicofol, zinpropyridaz, epsilon-metofluthrin, epsilon-momfluthrin, flomethin, fluazindridin, fluensulfone, fluphenerim, f Luphenoxystrobin, flufiprole, fluhexaphon, fluopyram, flupymin, fluralaner, fluxamethamide, fufenozide, guadipyr, heptafluthrin, imidaclotiz, iprodione, isocycloserum, copper-bifenthrin, copper-tefluthrin, lotilaner, meperfluthrin, oxazosulfyl, pyrokongsing, pyridaryl, pyrifluquinazone, pyriminostrobin, spirobudiclofen, spiropidione, tetramethylfluthrin, tetraniliprole, tetrachlorantraniliprole, tigolaner, thioxazafen, thiofluoximat, and iodomethane; in addition, Bacillus films Preparations based on firmus (I-1582, BioNeem, Votivo), as well as the following compounds: 1-{2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-amine (known from WO2006 / 043635) (CAS 885026-50-6), {1'-[(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl]-5-fluorospiro[indole-3,4'-Piperidine]-1(2H)-yl}(2-chloropyridine-4-yl)methanone (known from WO2003 / 106457) (CAS 637360-23-7), 2-Chloro-N-[2-{1-[(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)propa-2-en-1-yl]piperidine-4-yl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]isonicotinamide (known from WO2006 / 003494) (CAS 872999-66-1), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]deca-3-en-2-one (known from WO2010052161) (CAS 1225292-17-0), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]deca-3-en-4-yl-ethylcarbonate (known from EP2647626) (CAS 1440516-42-6), 4-(buta-2-in-1-yloxy)-6-(3,5-dimethylpiperidine-1-yl)-5-fluoropyrimidine (known from WO2004 / 099160) (CAS 792914-58-0), PF1364 (known from JP2010 / 018586) (CAS Registry Number 1204776-60-2), (3E)-3-[1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-one (known from WO2013 / 144213) (CAS 1461743-15-6), N-[3-(benzylcarbamoyl)-4-chlorophenyl]-1-methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO2010 / 051926) (CAS 1226889-14-0), 5-bromo-4-chloro-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide (known from CN103232431) (CAS 1449220-44-3), 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N-(cis-1-oxide-3-thietanyl)benzamide, 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-Dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N-(trans-1-oxide-3-thietanyl)benzamide and 4-[(5S)-5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N-(cis-1-oxide-3-thietanyl)benzamide (known from WO2013 / 050317A1) (CAS 1332628-83-7), N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]propanamide, (+)-N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]propanamide and (-)-N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]propanamide (known from WO2013 / 162715A2, WO2013 / 162716A2, US2014 / 0213448A1) (CAS 1477923-37-7), 5-[[(2E)-3-chloro-2-propen-1-yl]amino]-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (known from CN101337937A) (CAS 1105672-77-2), 3-bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)thioxomethyl]phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide, (Liudaibenjiaxuanan, known from CN103109816A) (CAS 1232543-85-9); N-[4-chloro-2-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6-methylphenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-3-(fluoromethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO2012 / 034403A1) (CAS 1268277-22-0), N-[2-(5-amino-1,3,4-Thiadianazole-2-yl)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO2011 / 085575A1) (CAS 1233882-22-8), 4-[3-[2,6-dichloro-4-[(3,3-dichloro-2-propen-1-yl)oxy]phenoxy]propoxy]-2-methoxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine (known from CN101337940A) (CAS 1108184-52-6); (2E)- and 2(Z)-2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]-N-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]hydrazine carboxamide (known from CN101715774A) (CAS 1232543-85-9); cyclopropanecarboxylic acid-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4-(1H-benzimidazole-2-yl)phenyl ester (known from CN103524422A) (CAS 1542271-46-4); (4aS)-7-chloro-2,5-dihydro-2-[[(methoxycarbonyl)[4-[(trifluoromethyl)thio]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]indeno[1,2-e][1,3,4]oxadiazine-4a(3H)-methyl carboxylate (known from CN102391261A) (CAS 1370358-69-2); 6-deoxy-3-O-ethyl-2,4-di-O-methyl-1-[N-[4-[1-[4-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1H-1,2,4-Triazole-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate]-α-L-mannopyranose (known from US2014 / 0275503A1) (CAS 1181213-14-8); 8-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethylpyridazin-3-yl)-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (CAS 1253850-56-4), (8-anti)-8-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethylpyridazin-3-yl)-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (CAS 933798-27-7), (8-syn)-8-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethylpyridazine-3-yl)-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (known from WO2007040280A1, WO2007040282A1) (CAS 934001-66-8), N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)thio]-propaneide (known from WO2015 / 058021A1, WO2015 / 058028A1) (CAS 1477919-27-9), N-[4-(aminothioxomethyl)-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from CN103265527A) (CAS 1452877-50-7), 5-(1,3-dioxan-2-yl)-4-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methoxy]pyrimidine (known from WO2013 / 115391A1) (CAS 1449021-97-9), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-1-methyl-1,8-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione (known from WO2014 / 187846A1) (CAS 1638765-58-8), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1,8-Diazaspiro[4.5]deca-3-en-4-ylcarboxylate ethyl ester (known from WO2010 / 066780A1, WO2011151146A1) (CAS 1229023-00-0), 4-[(5S)-5-(3,5-dichloro-4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-N-[(4R)-2-ethyl-3-oxo-4-isoxazolidinyl]-2-methyl-benzamide (known from WO2011 / 067272, WO2013 / 050302) (CAS 1309959-62-3).

[0151] An example of herbicide a) according to the present invention is as follows: Acetochlor, aciflorphen, aciflorphen-sodium, acroniphen, alachlor, alidoclor, alloxidim, alloxidim-sodium, ametrin, amicarbazone, amidochlor, amidosulfuron, 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-1H-indole-6-yl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid, aminocyclopyrachlor, aminocyclopyrachlor-potassium, aminocyclopyrachlor-methyl, aminopyralide, amitorol, ammonium sulfamate, anirophos, aslam, Atrazine, azaphenidine, azimusulfuron, beflubutamide, benazoline, benazoline-ethyl, benfluralin, benfresate, bensulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, benslid, bentazon, benzobicyclon, benzofenap, bicyclopyrone, bifenox, viranaphos, viranaphos-sodium, bispiribac, bispiribac-sodium, bixlozone, bromacil, bromobutide, bromophenoxime, bromoxynil, bromoxynil-butyrate, -potassium, -heptanoate and -octanoate, Busoxynone, Butachlor, Butaphenacil, Butamiphos, Butenaclor, Buttraline, Butroxidium, Butyrate, Cafenstrol, Carbetamide, Carfentrazone, Carfentrazone-ethyl, Chloramben, Chlorbromulone, 1-{2-Chloro-3-[(3-Cyclopropyl-5-Hydroxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-yl)carbonyl]-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl}piperidine-2-one, 4-{2-Chloro-3-[(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-1-yl)methyl]-4-(methyl {Sulfonyl)benzoyl}-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-yl-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate, chlorfenac, chlorfenac-sodium, chlorfenprop, chlorflurenol, chlorflurenol-methyl, chloridazone, chlorimuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, 2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)-3-(morpholine-4-ylmethyl)benzoyl]-3-hydroxycyclohexa-2-en-1-one, 4-{2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)-3-[(2,2,2-Trifluoroethoxy)methyl]benzoyl}-1-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-5-yl-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate, chlorophthalim, chlorotoluron, chlortal-dimethyl, 3-[5-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-yl]-4-hydroxy-1-methylimidazolidinion-2-one, chlorsulfuron, synidone, synidone-ethyl, cinmethyline, synosulfuron, clasifos, cretodym, clodinahop, clodinahop-propane Lugyl, Cromazon, Clomeprop, Clopyralide, Chloransram, Chloransram-methyl, Cumilon, Cyanamide, Cyanazine, Cycloate, Cyclopyranil, Cyclopyrimolate, Cyclosulfamurone, Cycloxidium, Cyhalofop, Cyhalofop-butyl, Cyprazine, 2,4-D, 2,4-D-Butotyl,-Butyl,-Dimethylammonium,-Diolamine,-Ethyl, 2-Ethylhexyl,-Isobutyl,-Isooctyl,-Isopropylammonium,-Potassium,-Triisopropyl Lopanol ammonium and trolamine, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DB-butyl,-dimethylammonium,-isooctyl,-potassium and-sodium, daimuron (dymron), darapon, dazomet, n-decanol, desmedifam, detosyl pyrazolate (DTP), dicamba, diclobenyl, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, diclohop, diclohop-methyl, diclohop-P-methyl, diclothram, diphenzo Cort, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, diflufenzopyr-sodium, dimeflon, dimepiperate, dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamide, dimethenamide-P, 3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-6-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxocyclohexa-1-en-1-yl)carbonyl]-1-methylquinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, 1,3-dimethyl-4-[2-(methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-yl-1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate, dimethrasulfuron, dinitramine, dinoterb, diphenamide, diquat, diquat-dibromide, dithiopyr, diuron, DMPA, DNOC, endotal, EPTC, esprocarb, ethalfluralin, etamethosulfuron, etamethosulfuron-methyl, ethidine, etofmesate, ethoxyphene, ethoxyphene-ethyl, ethoxysulfuron, etobenzanide, ethyl-[(3-{2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-[3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(tri Fluoromethyl)-3,6-dihydropyrimidine-1(2H)-yl]phenoxy}pyridine-2-yl)oxy]acetate, F-9600, F-5231, i.e., N-[2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-[4-(3-fluoropropyl)-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-tetrazol-1-yl]phenyl]ethanesulfonamide, F-7967, i.e., 3-[7-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-benzimidazole-4-yl]-1-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, phenoxaprop, phenoxaprop-P, phenoxaprop-ethyl, phenoxaprop-P-ethyl, phenoxasulfone, fenquinotrione, phentrazamide, flamprop, flamprop-M-isopropyl, flamprop-M-methyl, flazasulfuron, florathalam, fluadifop, fluadifop-P, fluadifop-butyl, fluadifop-P-butyl, flucarbazone, flucarbazone-sodium, flucetosulfuron, fluchloralin, fluphenacet, flufenpyr, flufenpyr-ethyl, flumetulam, flumimicrolac, flumimicrolac-pentyl, flumioxazine, fluomethron, flurenol, flurenol-butyl, -dimethylammonium and -methyl, fluoro Glycophene, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, flupropanate, flupyrusulfuron, flupyrusulfuron-methyl-sodium, flulidone, flurochloridone, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr-meptyl, flurutamon, fluthiaset, fluthiaset-methyl, homesaphene, homesaphene-sodium, horamsulfuron, fosamine, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium, glufosinate-p-sodium, glufosinate-p-ammonium, glufosinate-p-sodium, glyphosate, glyphosate-ammonium, -isopropylammonium, -diammonium, -dimethylammonium, -potassium, -sodium and trimethium, H-9201, i.e., O-(2,4-dimethyl-6-nitrophenyl)O-ethyl Isopropylphosphoramidethioate, halaxifen, halaxifen-methyl, halosaphene, halosulfuron, halosulfuron-methyl, haloxyhop, haloxyhop-P, haloxyhop-ethoxyethyl, haloxyhop-P-ethoxyethyl, haloxyhop-methyl, haloxyhop-P-methyl, hexazinone, HW-02, i.e., 1-(dimethoxyphosphoryl)ethyl(2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)acetate, 4-Hydroxy-1-Methoxy-5-methyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-yl]imidazolidine-2-one, 4-Hydroxy-1-methyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-yl]imidazolidine-2-one, (5-Hydroxy-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-yl)(3,3,4-trimethyl-1,1-dioxide-2,3-dihydro-1-benzothiophen-5-yl)methanone, 6-[(2-Hydroxy-6-oxocyclohexa-1-en-1-yl)carbonyl]-1,5-dimethyl-3-(2-methylphenyl)quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, imazametabenz, imazametabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazamox-an Immonium, imazapic, imazapic-ammonium, imazapyr, imazapyr-isopropylammonium, imazakine, imazakine-ammonium, imazetapyr, imazetapyr-ammonium (immonium), imazosulfuron, indanophan, indadiflame, iodosulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, ioxinyl, ioxinyl-octanoate, -potassium and -sodium, ibuphencarbazone, isoproturone, isouron, isoxaben, isoxaflutol, carbchylate, KUH-043, i.e., 3-({[5-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-yl]methyl}sulfonyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2-Oxazole, Ketospiradox, Lactofen, Renasil, Linuron, MCPA, MCPA-Butotyl,-Dimethylammonium,-2-Ethylhexyl,-Isopropylammonium,-Potassium and Sodium, MCPB, MCPB-Methyl,-Ethyl and Sodium, Mecoprop, Mecoprop-Sodium and Butotyl, Mecoprop-P, Mecoprop-P-Butotyl,-Dimethylammonium,-2-Ethylhexyl and Potassium, Mefenacet, Mefluidide, Mesosulfuron, Mesosulfuron-Methyl, Mesotrione, Metabenzthiazuron, Metam, Metamihop, Metamitron, Metazachlor, Metazosulfuron, Metabenzthiazuron, Methiopyrsulfuron, Methiozoline, 2-({2-[(2-Methoxyethoxy)methyl]-6-( Trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-yl}carbonyl)cyclohexane-1,3-dione, methyl isothiocyanate, 1-methyl-4-[(3,3,4-trimethyl-1,1-dioxide-2,3-dihydro-1-benzothiophen-5-yl)carbonyl]-1H-pyrazole-5-ylpropane-1-sulfonate, metobromulone, metrachlor, S-methrachlor, metoslam, metoxlon, metrivudine, metosulfuron, metosulfuron-methyl, molinate, monolinuron, monosulfuron, monosulfuron-ester, MT-5950, i.e., N-(3-chloro-4-isopropylphenyl]-2-methylpentanamide, NGGC-011, napropamide, NC-310, i.e., [5-(benzyloxy)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-yl](2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-methanone, Nebulon, Nicosulfuron, Nonanoic acid (pelargonic acid), Norflurazone, Oleic acid (fatty acid), Olbencarb, Orthosulfamurone, Oryzalin, Oxaziargyl, Oxadiazone, Oxasulfuron, Oxadiclomephone, Oxyfluorphene, Paraquat, Paraquat dichloride, Pebrate, Pendimethalin, Penoxuslam, Pentachlorophenol, Pentoxazone, Petoxamide, Petroleum, Fenmedifame, Pichloram, Picolinafene, Pinoxadene, Piperofos, pretilachlor, primisulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, prodiamine, propoxidim, prometon, prometrin, propacrol, propanil, propaxazafop, propazine, profam, propisochlor, propoxycarbazone, propoxycarbazone-sodium, propyrisulfuron, propizamide, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, pyraclonil, pyraflufen, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrasulfolol, pyrazolinate (pyrazolate), pyrazosulfuron, Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyrazoxyfen, pyribambenz, pyribambenz-isopropyl, pyribambenz-propyl, pyribenzoxime, pyributicarb, pyridafol, pyridate, pyrifthalide, pyriminovac, pyriminovac-methyl, pyrimisulfan, pyrithiobac, pyrithiobac-sodium, pyroxasulfone, pyroxislam, quinchlorac, kinmelac, quinoclamin, quizarophop, Quizalopop-ethyl, Quizalopop-P, Quizalopop-P-ethyl, Quizalopop-P-tefuryl, QYM-201, QYR-301, Limusulfuron, Saflufenacil, Cethoxydim, Sidurone, Simazine, Simetrin, SL-261, Sulcotrione, Sulfenthrazone, Sulfomethane, Sulfomethane-methyl, Sulfosulfuron, SYN-523, SYP-249, i.e., 1-Ethoxy-3-methyl-1-oxobuta-3-en-2-yl 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoate, SYP-300, i.e., 1-[7-fluoro-3-oxo-4-(propa-2-in-1-yl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-6-yl]-3-propyl-2-thioxoimidazolidine-4,5-dione, 2,3,6-TBA, TCA (trichloroacetic acid), TCA-sodium, tebuthiurone, tefuryltrione, tenbotrione, tepraloxidim, terbasil, terbucarb, terbumetone, terbutyrazine, terbutrin, tetoflupyrrolimet , tenylchlor, thiazopyr, thiencarbazone, thiencarbazone-methyl, thifensulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, thiobencarb, thiafenacil, tolpyrate, topramezon, tralcoxidime, triafamone, tri-alate, triasulfuron, triaziflame, tribenulon, tribenulon-methyl, triclopyr, trietadine, trifloxysulfuron, trifloxysulfuron-sodium, trifludimoxazine, trifluralin, triflusulfuron, triflusulfuron-methyl, tritosulfuron, urea sulfate, vernolate, ZJ-0862, i.e., 3,4-dichloro-N-{2-[(4,6-Dimethoxypyrimidine-2-yl)oxy]benzyl}aniline.

[0152] At least one active ingredient is preferably selected from the group consisting of (1) respiratory chain inhibitors in class (1) complexes, particularly azoles, (2) respiratory chain inhibitors in complex I or II, (3) respiratory chain inhibitors in complexes, (4) inhibitors of mitosis and cell division, (6) compounds that can induce host defense, (10) inhibitors of lipid and membrane synthesis, and (15) bactericides selected from the group.

[0153] More preferably, at least one active ingredient a) as a bactericide is selected from the group comprising trifloxystrobin, bixafen, penflufen, prothioconazole, impulfluxam, isoflucipram, fluopicolide, fluopyram, fluoxapiproline, and tebuconazole.

[0154] At least one insecticide is preferably selected from the group comprising insecticides selected from the group consisting of the class (2) GABAergic chloride ion channel antagonists, (3) sodium channel modulators / voltage-gated sodium channel blockers, (4) competitive modulators of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), (23) acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors, (28) ryanodine receptor modulators, and (30) other active ingredients as described herein.

[0155] More preferably, at least one active ingredient a) as an insecticide is selected from the group comprising spirotetramat, tetraniliprole, ethiprole, imidacloprid, deltamethrin, flupyradifurone, and spidoxamat.

[0156] Finally, and more preferably, at least one active ingredient a) as a herbicide is selected from the group comprising triafamone, tenbotrione, and thiencarbazone-methyl, and is preferably in combination with isoxadifen-ethyl and cyprosulfamat, which are phytotoxicity reducers.

[0157] More preferably, at least one active ingredient is selected from the group comprising trifloxystrobin, bixafen, penflufen, tebuconazole, prothioconazole, impilfluxam, isoflucipram, fluopicolide, fluopyram, fluoxapiproline, spirotetramat, tetraniliprole, ethiprole, imidacloprid, deltamethrin, flupyradiflon, spidoxamato, triafamone, tenbotrione, thiencarbazone-methyl, isoxadifen-ethyl, and cyprosulfamat.

[0158] All named active ingredients described herein may exist in the form of free compounds or, where their functional groups enable, in the form of their pesticide active salts.

[0159] Furthermore, mesomeric forms and stereoisomers or enantiomers are included, where applicable, in the same way as polymorphic modifications, as these modifications are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0160] Unless otherwise specified, in this invention, solid pesticide-active compound a) should be understood to mean all substances commonly used for plant treatment that have a melting point above 20°C.

[0161] Drift reducing agent b) A suitable drift reducer is poly(ethylene oxide), where the polymer preferably has an average molecular weight of 0.5 to 12 million g / mol, more preferably 0.75 to 10 million g / mol, and most preferably 1 to 8 million g / mol, and is hydroxypropyl guar, as well as vegetable oils and vegetable oil esters and diesters (including esters with glycerin and propylene glycol).

[0162] Particularly preferred are methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, butyl, hexyl, and ethylhexyl esters.

[0163] More preferred vegetable oils and esters are selected from the group consisting of methyl oleate, methyl palmitate, rapeseed oil methyl ester, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, ethylhexyl palmitate, ethylhexyl oleate, myristic acid / ethylhexyl laurate mixture, ethylhexyl laurate, caprylic acid / ethylhexyl caprate mixture, diisopropyl adipate, coconut oil propylene glycol diester, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, soybean oil, rice bran oil, olive oil, peanut oil, mixed caprylic and capric triglycerides, and mixed decanoyl and octanoyl glycerides.

[0164] Mineral oil is also suitable as a drift reducing agent.

[0165] Spreading agent (c): Suitable spreading agents are selected from the group including monoesters and diesters of metal sulfosuccinate salts with branched or linear alcohols containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, particularly alkali metal salts, more specifically sodium salts, most specifically sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate; and organosilicone ethoxylates such as organically modified polysiloxane / trisiloxane alkoxylates (these have the following CAS numbers: 27306-78-1, 67674-67-3, 134180-76-0, e.g., Silwet® L77, Silwet® 408, Silwet® 806, BreakThru® S240, BreakThru® S278).

[0166] Other suitable spreading agents include ethoxylated diacetylene diols having 1 to 6 EOs, such as Surfynol® 420 and 440, and 1-hexanol, 3,5,5-trimethyl-, ethoxylated, propoxylated (CAS No. 204336-40-3), such as Break-Thru® Vibrant.

[0167] Preferably, polyalkylene oxide-modified heptamethyltrisiloxane, and more preferably selected from the group containing a siloxane group → poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-methyl-omega-[3-[1,3,3,3-tetramethyl-1-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]disiloxanyl]propoxy] (CAS number (27306-78-1), poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-[3-[1,3,3,3-tetramethyl-1-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]disiloxanyl]propyl]-omega-hydroxy (CAS number 67674-67-3), and polymers with oxirane, methyl-,oxirane, mono-3-1,3,3,3-tetramethyl-1-(trimethylsilyl)oxydisiloxanylpropyl ether (CAS number 134180-76-0).

[0168] Preferably, the spreading agent is selected from the group comprising sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, polyalkylene oxide-modified heptamethyltrisiloxane, and ethoxylated diacetylene-diol.

[0169] Rain-resistant additive (e): Suitable rainproofing additives are acrylic emulsion polymers or polymer dispersions and styrene emulsion polymers or polymer dispersions d), aqueous polymer dispersions with a Tg in the range of -100°C to 30°C, preferably -60°C to 20°C, more preferably -50°C to 10°C, and most preferably -45°C to 5°C, such as Acronal V215, Acronal 3612, Licomer ADH 205, and Atplus FA. Particularly preferred are Licomer ADH205 and Atplus FA.

[0170] Preferably, the polymer is selected from the group consisting of acrylic polymers, styrene polymers, vinyl polymers and their derivatives, polyolefins, polyurethanes and natural polymers and their derivatives.

[0171] More preferably, the polymer is selected from the group consisting of acrylic polymers, styrene-butadiene copolymers, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate, methyl vinyl ether-maleic anhydride copolymers, carboxy-modified polyvinyl alcohol, acetoacetyl-modified polyvinyl alcohol, diacetone-modified polyvinyl alcohol and silicone-modified polyvinyl alcohol, isopropylene-maleic anhydride copolymers, polyurethanes, cellulose, gelatin, casein, oxidized starch, starch-vinyl acetate graft copolymers, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose and acetylcellulose.

[0172] Most preferably, the polymer is selected from copolymers of acrylate and styrene. The acrylate is selected from a list including 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, sec-butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, acrylic acid, acrylamide, isobutyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, or combinations thereof. The styrene is selected from a list including styrene, tert-butylstyrene, para-methylstyrene, or combinations thereof.

[0173] In a preferred embodiment, the polymer has a molecular weight of 40,000 or less, preferably 10,000 or less, as described above.

[0174] In a preferred embodiment, polymer D is an emulsion polymer as described in International Publication No. 2017 / 202684.

[0175] The glass transition temperature (Tg) is known for many polymers, and if not defined, it is determined in this invention according to ASTM E1356-08 (2014) "Standard Test Method for Assignment of Glass Transition Temperatures by Differential Scanning Calorimetry," where the sample is dried at 110°C for 1 hour before DSC to eliminate the effects of water and / or solvent, and the DSC sample size is 10-15 mg, measured under N2 at 20°C / min from -100°C to 100°C, and Tg is defined as the midpoint of the transition region.

[0176] Other compounding agents (f): f1Suitable nonionic surfactants or dispersing aids f1) are all substances of this type that can be commonly used in pesticides. Preferably, polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide block copolymers have a molecular weight of more than 6,000 g / mol or a polyethylene oxide content of more than 45%, more preferably a molecular weight of more than 6,000 g / mol and a polyethylene oxide content of more than 45%, and include copolymers of polyoxyalkyleneamine derivatives, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, and copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylic acid esters. Of the above examples, selected classes may optionally be phosphorylated, sulfonated or sulfated and neutralized with a base.

[0177] Possible anionic surfactants f1) are all substances of this type that can be commonly used in pesticides. Alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts and ammonium salts of alkyl sulfonic acid or alkyl phosphoric acid, as well as alkylaryl sulfonic acid or alkylaryl phosphoric acid, are preferred. A more preferred group of anionic surfactants or dispersants are alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts and ammonium salts of polystyrene sulfonic acid, salts of polyvinyl sulfonic acid, salts of alkylnaphthalene sulfonic acid, salts of naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensation products, salts of naphthalene sulfonic acid, phenol sulfonic acid and formaldehyde condensation products, and salts of lignosulfonic acid.

[0178] f2 Rheological modifiers are additives that, when added to a recipe at concentrations that reduce the gravity separation of dispersed active ingredients during storage, result in a substantial increase in viscosity at low shear rates. For the purposes of this invention, a low shear rate is defined as 0.1 s. -1 It is defined as follows, and a value exceeding x2 represents a substantial increase. Viscosity can be measured by a rotational shear rheometer.

[0179] Suitable rheological modifiers E2) include, for example, the following: - Polysaccharides containing xanthan gum, and hydroxyethylcellulose. Examples include the Kelzan®, Rhodopol® G and 23, Satiaxane® CX911, and Natrosol® 250 range.

[0180] - Clay containing montmorillonite, bentonite, sepeolite, attapulgite, laponite, and hectorite. For example, Veegum® R, Van Gel® B, Bentone® 34, 38, CT, HC, EW, Pangel® M100, M200, M300, S, M, W, Attagel® 50, Laponite® RD, - Fumed silica and precipitated silica, such as Aerosil® 200 and Sipernat® 22.

[0181] Xanthan gum, montmorillonite clay, bentonite clay, and fumed silica are preferred.

[0182] f3 A suitable defoaming substance (e3) is any substance that can be conventionally used in pesticides for this purpose. Silicone oils and silicone oil preparations are preferred. Examples include Bluestar Silicones' Silcolapse® 426 and 432, Wacker's Silfoam® SRE and SC132, Silchem's SAF-184®, Basildon Chemical Company Ltd's Foam-Clear ArraPro-S®, and Momentive's SAG® 1572 and SAG® 30 [dimethylsiloxane and silicone, CAS number 63148-62-9]. SAG® 1572 is preferred.

[0183] f4Suitable antifreezes are all substances that can be conventionally used in pesticides for this purpose. Suitable examples include propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, urea, and glycerin.

[0184] f5 Other suitable formulations e5) are selected from, for example, biocides, colorants, pH adjusters, buffers, stabilizers, antioxidants, inert fillers, wetting agents, crystal growth inhibitors, and micronutrients: Possible preservatives are all substances that can be conventionally used in pesticides for this purpose. Preferred examples of preservatives are preparations containing 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one [CAS No. 26172-55-4], 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one [CAS No. 2682-20-4], or 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one [CAS No. 2634-33-5]. Examples that can be cited include Preventol® D7 (Lanxess), Kathon® CG / ICP (Dow), Acticide® SPX (Thor GmbH), and Proxel® GXL (Arch Chemicals).

[0185] Possible colorants are all substances that can be conventionally used in pesticides for this purpose. Examples include titanium dioxide, carbon black, zinc oxide, blue pigments, brilliant blue FCF, red pigments, and permanent red FGR.

[0186] Possible pH adjusters and buffers are all substances that can be conventionally used in pesticides for this purpose. Examples include citric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), and potassium hydrogen phosphate (K2HPO4).

[0187] Suitable stabilizers and antioxidants are all substances that can be conventionally used in pesticides for this purpose. Butylhydroxytoluene [3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluol, CAS number 128-37-0] is preferred.

[0188] carrier (g) This is something that can be conventionally used for this purpose in pesticide formulations.

[0189] Carrier A solvent is generally an inert, solid or liquid, natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic substance that can be used as a solvent. Carriers generally improve the application of compounds to, for example, plants, plant parts, or seeds. A suitable example is... Examples of solid carriers include, but are not limited to, ammonium salts, particularly ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, and ammonium nitrate; natural rock powders, such as kaolin, clay, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite, and diatomaceous earth; silica gel; and synthetic rock powders, such as pulverized silica, alumina, and silicate. Examples of solid carriers that are typically useful for preparing granules include, but are not limited to, crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, and dolomite; synthetic granules of inorganic and organic powders; and granules of organic materials such as paper, sawdust, coconut shells, corn cobs, and tobacco stalks.

[0190] Preferred solid supports are selected from clay, talc, and silica.

[0191] Suitable liquid carriers include, but are not limited to, water, organic solvents, and combinations thereof. Suitable solvents include, for example, polar and nonpolar organic chemical liquids from the following classes. - Alcohols and polyols (which may optionally be substituted, etherified and / or esterified, e.g., ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanol or glycol, 2-ethylhexanol), - Ethers, e.g., dioctyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl isosorbide, soluketal, cyclopentyl methyl ether, solvents provided by Dow in the Dowanol Product Range, e.g., Dowanol DPM, anisole, phenethole, dimethyl polyethylene glycol of different molecular weight grades, dimethyl polypropylene glycol of different molecular weight grades, dibenzyl ether, - Ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, cycloheptanone, acetophenone, propiophenone, etc.) - Lactic acid esters, for example, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, propyl lactate, butyl lactate, 2-ethylhexyl lactate, - (Poly) ethers, for example, polyethylene glycol of different molecular weight grades, polypropylene glycol of different molecular weight grades, - Unsubstituted and substituted amines, - Amides (e.g., dimethylformamide, or N,N-dimethyllactamide, or N-formylmorpholine, or fatty acid amides, e.g., N,N-dimethyldecanamide or N,N-dimethyldeca-9-eneamide) and their esters, - Lactams (e.g., 2-pyrrolidone, or N-alkylpyrrolidones, e.g., N-methylpyrrolidone, or N-butylpyrrolidone, or N-octylpyrrolidone, or N-dodecylpyrrolidone, or N-methylcaprolactam, N-alkylcaprolactam) - Lactones (e.g., gamma-butyrolactone, gamma-valerolactone, delta-valerolactone, or alpha-methylgamma-butyrolactone) - Sulfones and sulfoxides (such as dimethyl sulfoxide), - Nitriles (e.g., linear or cyclic alkyl nitriles, especially acetonitrile, cyclohexanecarbonile, octanonitrile, dodecanonitrile), - Linear and cyclic carbonates, such as diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, dioctyl carbonate, or ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, and glycerin carbonate.

[0192] The most preferred carrier is water.

[0193] These spray liquids are applied by conventional methods, namely, by spraying, pouring, or injecting, and in particular by spraying, most specifically by spraying with a UAV.

[0194] The application rate of the formulation according to the present invention can be varied within a relatively wide range. This is determined by the specific active pesticides and the amounts of those pesticides in the formulation.

[0195] Using the formulation according to the present invention, it is possible to deliver active pesticides to plants and / or their habitats in a particularly advantageous manner.

[0196] The present invention also relates to the use of the pesticide composition according to the present invention for the application of the contained pesticide-active compounds to plants and / or their habitats.

[0197] All plants and plant parts can be treated with the formulations of the present invention. Here, "plant" means all plants and plant populations, for example, desirable and undesirable wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants). Crop plants may be plants that can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods, or by biotechnological and genetic methods or a combination thereof, and include transgenic plants and plant cultivars that may or may not be protected by the ownership of the variety. "Plant parts" means an exemplary enumeration of the above-ground and underground parts and organs of plants, for example, shoots, leaves, flowers and roots, leaves, needles, stems, trunks, flowers, fruiting bodies, fruits and seeds, as well as roots, tubers and rhizomes. Plant parts also include harvested material, as well as vegetative and reproductive material.

[0198] In this regard, it can be emphasized that, for example, cereal plants such as wheat, oats, barley, spelt, rye, and maize, sorghum, rice, sugarcane, soybeans, sunflowers, potatoes, cotton, rapeseed, canola, tobacco, sugar beets, fodder beets, asparagus, hops, and fruit plants (pome fruits, e.g., apples and pears, drupes, e.g., peaches, nectarines, cherries, plums, and apricots, citrus fruits, e.g., oranges, grapefruits) Fruits such as cereals, limes, lemons, kumquats, mandarins and sweet potatoes, nuts such as pistachios, almonds, walnuts and pecans, tropical fruits such as mangoes, papayas, pineapples, dates and bananas, and grapes, as well as vegetables (leafy greens such as endive, corn salad, Florence fennel, romaine lettuce, Swiss chard, spinach and chicory for salads, cabbages such as cauliflower, broccoli, Chinese cabbage, and kale (Brassica) The formulations according to the present invention have particularly advantageous effects with respect to their use in oleracea (L.) convar. acephala var. sabellica L. (curly kale, feather cabbage), kohlrabi, Brussels sprouts, red cabbage, white cabbage, Savoy cabbage, fruit vegetables such as eggplant, cucumber, chili pepper, table pumpkin, tomato, zucchini and sweet corn, root vegetables such as celeriac, wild turnip, carrot, yellow varieties of radish (Raphanus sativus var. niger and var. radicula), beetroot, scorzonera and celery, legumes such as peas and broad beans, and allium vegetables such as leeks and onions.

[0199] Treatment of plants and plant parts according to the present invention with the formulations of the present invention is carried out according to conventional treatment methods, for example by immersion, spraying, vaporization, atomization, spraying or coating, and in the case of propagation materials, especially seeds, by single or multiple coatings, either directly or by action on their environment, habitat or storage area.

[0200] The active pesticides contained exhibit better biological activity than when applied in the form of the corresponding conventional formulation.

[0201] Unless otherwise defined in this application, molecular weight refers to the weight-average molecular weight Mw measured by GPC in methylene chloride at 25°C, with polystyrene as the reference.

[0202] surface of the leaf Tables M1a and M1b show the water contact angles on textured and non-textured leaf surfaces.

[0203] Table M1a Plants with rough leaves [Table 1]

[0204] Table M1b Plants with smooth leaves [Table 2]

[0205] Examples of crops and plants that are not rough include tomatoes, peppers, potatoes, carrots, celery, sugar beets, beetroot, spinach, lettuce, broad beans, peas, clover, apples, pears, peaches, apricots, plums, mangoes, avocados, olives, citrus fruits, oranges, lemons, limes, grapes, figs, cucumbers, melons, watermelons, strawberries, raspberries, blueberries, sunflowers, pumpkins, soybeans (≧GS 16 (BBCH 16)), corn (≧GS 15 (BBCH 15)), and cotton.

[0206] Examples of rough-textured crops and plants include garlic, onions, leeks, soybeans (≤GS 16 (BBCH 16)), oats, wheat, barley, rice, sugarcane, pineapple, bananas, flaxseed, lilies, orchids, corn (≤GS 15 (BBCH 15)), cabbage, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower, rye, rapeseed, tulips, and peanuts.

[0207] Examples of weeds that are not rough include Abutilon theophrasti, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Datura stramonium, Galium aparine, Ipomoea purpurea, Polygonum lapathifolium, Portulaca oleracea, Senecio vulgaris, Sida spinosa, Sinapis arvensis, Solanum nigrum, Stellaria media, Xanthium orientale, Cyperus rotundus, and Amaranthus retroflexus.

[0208] Examples of rough-textured weeds include Cassia obtusifolia, Chenopodium album, Agropyron repens, Alopecurus myosuroides, Apera spica-venti, Avena fatua, Brachiaria plantaginea, Bromus secalinus, Cynodon dactylon, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Panicum dichotomiflorum, Poa annua, Setaria faberi, and Sorghum halepense. [Examples]

[0209] The present invention will be explained by the following embodiments.

[0210] Examples Method 1: Flowable SC and SE preparations (oils) Methods for preparing flowable suspension agents and suspension emulsion formulations are known in the art and can be manufactured by known methods well known to those skilled in the art. A 2% gel of xanthan gum (f) and biocide (f) in water was prepared with low-shear stirring. A 50% oil-in-water emulsion of oil (b), if present in the recipe, was prepared by adding oil (50%) to a solution of water (49%) and Synperonic PE / F127 (1%) (or an equivalent surfactant) under high-shear mixing (Ultra-Turrax®). The active ingredient (a), nonionic and anionic dispersants (f), defoamer (f), and other compounding agents (f) were mixed with water to form a slurry. This slurry was first mixed in a high-shear rotor-stator mixer (Ultra-Turrax®) to reduce the particle size D(v,0.9) to approximately 50 microns, and then passed through one or more bead mills (Eiger® 250 mini motor mills) to achieve a particle size D(v,0.9) typically between 1 and 15 microns. The additives (b), (c), (e) prepared above as 50% emulsions and the xanthan gel prepared above were then added and mixed with low-shear stirring until homogeneous. Finally, the pH was adjusted with an acid or base (f) as needed.

[0211] Flowable formulations containing small amounts of emulsified oil can be described as both suspension and suspension-emulsion formulation types (www.croplife.org, Technical Monograph No:2, Catalogue of pesticide formulation types and international coding system, Edition: March 2017). Method 2: Flowable SC preparation (polymer) The method for preparing the flowable suspension agent is known in the art and can be manufactured by known methods well known to those skilled in the art. A 2% gel of xanthan gum (f) and biocide (f) in water was prepared with low-shear stirring. A 1-4% polymer (b), if present in the recipe, was prepared. The active ingredient (a), nonionic and anionic dispersants (f), defoamer (f), and other compounding agents (f) were mixed with water to form a slurry, which was first mixed in a high-shear rotor-stator mixer (Ultra-Turrax®) to reduce the particle size D(v,0.9) to about 50 microns, and then passed through one or more bead mills (Eiger® 250 mini motor mill) to achieve a particle size D(v,0.9) typically of 1-15 microns. Then, the additives (b), (c), (e) as polymer solutions prepared above and the xanthan gum gel prepared above were added and mixed with low-shear stirring until homogeneous. Finally, adjust the pH with an acid or base (f) as needed.

[0212] The polymer (b) solution is prepared according to the viscosity concentration limits and content required in the recipe. Typical values ​​are: Polyox WSR301 (1-2%), Polyox WSR N60K (1-3%), Polyox WSR N12K (2-4%), and AgRho DS2000 (1-2%).

[0213] Method 3: EC preparation The method for preparing EC formulations is known in the art and can be manufactured by known methods well known to those skilled in the art. Generally, EC formulations are obtained by mixing the active ingredient (a) with the rest of the formulation components in a container equipped with a stirring device. In some cases, dissolution or mixing is promoted by slightly increasing the temperature (below 60°C). Stirring is continued until a homogeneous mixture is obtained.

[0214] Method 4: OD preparation The formulation components are weighed, homogenized in a high-shear device (e.g., Ultraturrax or colloid mill), and then ground in a bead mill (e.g., Dispermat SL50, 80% filled, 1.0-1.25 mm glass beads, 4000 rpm, circulating grinding) until a particle size of <10 μm is achieved. Alternatively, the formulation components are mixed in a bottle, followed by the addition of approximately 25 volume% of 1.0-1.25 mm glass beads. The bottle is then closed and placed in a stirring device (e.g., Retsch MM301) and processed at 30 Hz for several minutes until a particle size of <10 μm is achieved.

[0215] Method 5: WG preparation The method for preparing water-dispersible granular formulations is well known in the art and can be manufactured by known methods that are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0216] For example, to produce fluidized bed granules, an aqueous industrial concentrate must first be prepared. Using low-shear stirring, all components (a, b, and c), such as active ingredients, surfactants, dispersants, binders, defoamers, drift inhibitors, and fillers, are mixed in water and then pre-milled in a high-shear rotor stator mixer (Ultra-Turrax®) to reduce the particle size D(v,0.9) to approximately 50 microns. Subsequently, it is passed through one or more bead mills (KDL, Bachofen, Dynomill, Buehler, Drais, Lehmann) to typically achieve a particle size D(v,0.9) of 1 to 15 microns. This aqueous industrial concentrate is then spray-dried using a fluidized bed granulation method to form wet granules (WG).

[0217] Particle size is determined according to the CIPAC (Collaborative International Pesticides Analytical Council; www.cipac.org) method MT 187. The particle size distribution is determined by laser diffraction. A representative amount of the sample is dispersed in degassed water at ambient temperature (sample self-saturation), treated with ultrasound (usually 60 seconds), and then measured using an instrument from the Malvern Mastersizer series (Malvern Panalytical). Scattered light is measured at various angles using a multi-element detector, and the relevant values ​​are recorded. With the help of the Fraunhofer model, the proportion of a specific size class is calculated from the scattering data, from which the volume-weighted particle size distribution is calculated. Typically, the d50 or d90 value = active component particle size (50% or 90% of the total volume of particles) is given. The average particle size is shown by the d50 value.

[0218] Similarly, any other spraying process, such as classical spray drying, can be used as a granulation method.

[0219] A further technique for producing water-dispersible granules is, for example, low-pressure extrusion. The components of the formulation are mixed in a dry state and then ground to reduce the particle size, for example, using an air jet mill. Subsequently, water is added to the mixture while stirring the dry powder (about 10-30% by weight, depending on the composition of the formulation). In a further step, the mixture is extruded through an extruder (e.g., dome extruder, double-dome extruder, basket extruder, sieve mill, or similar apparatus) which usually has a die size of 0.8-1.2 mm to form an extruder. In the final step, the extruder is post-dried, for example, in a fluidized bed dryer to reduce the water content of the powder to a residual water level of generally 1-3% by weight.

[0220] Method 6: Drift-style chamber A custom-made drift chamber, approximately 2.8m wide, 2.8m long, and 1m high, included a spray nozzle, horizontal airflow, and a drift collector screen, and was used to measure the drift of the formulation. The spray nozzle was located 0.5m above the base of the chamber and 1.4m from the collector screen, which was approximately 0.6m high and crossed the end wall of the spray chamber. The spray liquid collected by the detector screen was metered, and the amount of drift from the spray was calculated from the spray liquid flow rate and the fraction captured by the detector screen. The airflow velocity was 3m / s. The formulation was diluted with water to the required concentration and sprayed through a TeeJet® TP8002EVS nozzle at a pressure of 2 bar. The amount of drift was recorded once a steady state was achieved. This technique provides comparative measurement of drift between different recipes.

[0221] Method 7: Drift droplet size P15 The formulation was diluted with water to the required concentration and sprayed through a TeeJet® TP8002EVS nozzle at a pressure of 3 bar. The droplet size spectrum was measured using an Oxford Lasers VisiSize P15 to capture images of the spray droplets and measure their size. 5,000 to 10,000 droplet images were captured by slowly and repeatedly moving the spray nozzle across the VisiSize P15's image capture window, 20 cm above the image capture point. The droplet size spectrum was calculated by the instrument software as volume % of less than 100 microns and / or volume % of less than 150 microns, which are generally considered to be the driftable fraction of the spray droplets. The relative amount of driftable droplets was calculated as % volume of the present recipe < 100 microns / % volume of the reference recipe < 100 microns x 100 (%) and / or % volume of the present recipe < 150 microns / % volume of the reference recipe < 150 microns x 100 (%). Therefore, the 60% value would demonstrate that the formulation of the present invention has only 60% of the driftable fraction of the spray droplets compared to the reference recipe, which here has 100%.

[0222] Method 8: Drift droplet size laser The formulation was diluted with water to the required concentration and sprayed through a TeeJet 11002VS nozzle at a pressure of 3 bar. The droplet size spectrum was measured using a Malvern SprayTec laser diffractometer with a single, long-axis scan across the spray fan at a distance of 350 mm below the nozzle.

[0223] Method 9: Drift filter paper deposits The formulation was diluted with water to the required concentration, containing a small amount of fluorescent tracer (Tinopal SC), sprayed onto filter paper at a pressure of 2 bar through a TeeJet 11002E nozzle, and the droplet size spectrum was measured using ImageJ.

[0224] A digital camera was used to photograph filter paper using UV light [365 nm] as the illumination source. In the photographs of the filter paper, the fluorescently labeled droplets have a much higher intensity than the filter paper and the surrounding background.

[0225] The images are processed using ImageJ software (www.fiji.com). First, the RGB image is split into red, green, and blue channels, and only the green or blue channel is used for further analysis, depending on the intensity of the original image. Next, the "background difference" algorithm is applied to the single-channel image to remove background noise, thereby improving the contrast between the droplet deposits and the background. Then, an intensity threshold is automatically generated and applied by the software, resulting in a binary image in which the background, such as the filter paper itself, has zero intensity, while the droplet deposits remain at maximum intensity. Finally, the "watershed" algorithm is applied to the binary image to segment connected droplets within the image. All remaining segmented objects are detected and labeled by their position and size. The size of each object represents the area of ​​each deposit, in units of um. 2 That is the case.

[0226] The nozzle used in the spray test has a VMD of 210 um with water. The volume median diameter (VMD) is determined from the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the droplet volume V, and droplets with sizes smaller than the VMD account for 50% of the total spray volume. Since there is no direct correlation between the deposit area obtained from the filter paper and the actual droplet size / volume, the VMD of water has been used as a reference for rescaling the CDF of the formulation spray.

[0227] From ImageJ analysis, the area (A) of each droplet deposit on the filter paper is recorded. The diameter d of each deposit A =(4A / π) 1 / 2 , and the estimated droplet volume V estimate =π·d A 3 / 6. The CDF of the base formulation is plotted using the estimated droplet volume V estimate calculated from the deposit area on the filter paper, and the VMD of the base formulation is also obtained from the CDF curve. Assuming that the base formulation has the same droplet size distribution as water, by fitting the VMD of the base formulation to the VMD of water, a size coefficient f = VMD basic / VMD water is generated. Assuming the droplet deposit area A from the filter paper, the actual droplet diameter d = f·(4A / π) 1 / 2 , and the droplet volume V = π·d 3 / 6.

[0228] The cumulative distributions of the droplet volumes V of different formulations are plotted in log-scale bins. From each cumulative distribution curve, the percentage of droplets with diameters less than 150 um is counted. This volume percentage of fine droplets corresponds to the degree of drift potential. Using the percentage (p basic ) of the base formulation as a reference, the relative difference in percentage between the formulation containing the adjuvant (p) and the base formulation is calculated. The relative difference r = p / p basic ·100%. If the relative difference (r) is less than 100%, the formulation has a lower drift potential compared to the base formulation, and vice versa.

[0229] Method 10: Insecticide greenhouse test The selected crops were grown in plastic pots containing "peat soil T" under greenhouse conditions. At an appropriate crop stage, the plants were prepared for treatment, for example, by infesting them with the target pest approximately 2 days before treatment (see the following table).

[0230] The spray solution was prepared directly at different dosages of the active ingredient, as needed, by diluting the formulation with tap water and adding an appropriate amount of additive to the tank mix.

[0231] Application was carried out using a track spray on the upper part of the leaves at application rates of 300 l / ha or 10 l / ha. The nozzles used were: TeeJet TP8003E (for 300 l / ha) and Lechler’s 652.246 with a pulse width module (PWM) (for 10 l / ha). For each single dose applied, usually 2 - 5 replicates were treated simultaneously.

[0232] After treatment, the plants were artificially infested as needed and maintained in the greenhouse or climate chamber during the test period. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated after assessing the mortality rate (generally given in %) and / or plant protection (calculated from the damage by feeding compared to the corresponding control) at different time points. Only the mean values were reported.

[0233] <000?912>Table M3: Pests and crops used in the test

Table?

[0234] The selected crops were grown in plastic pots containing "peat soil T" under greenhouse conditions. At an appropriate crop stage, the plants were prepared for treatment, for example, by infesting them with the target pest about 2 days before treatment (Table M3).

[0235] The spray solution was prepared directly at different dosages of the active ingredient, as needed, by diluting the formulation with tap water and adding an appropriate amount of additive to the tank mix.

[0236] Application was carried out using a track sprayer at a rate of 300 l / ha or 10 l / ha, applied to the upper part of the leaves. Nozzles used: TeeJet TP8003E (for 300 l / ha) and Lechler's 652.246 with pulse width module (PWM) (for 10 l / ha). For each single dose applied, typically 2 to 5 repetitions were performed simultaneously.

[0237] After treatment, plants were artificially parasitized as needed and maintained in a greenhouse or climate chamber for the duration of the study. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated after assessing mortality (generally given as a percentage) and / or plant protection (e.g., calculated from feeding disorders compared to the corresponding control) at different time points. Only mean values ​​are reported.

[0238] Method 11: Explanation of the herbicide greenhouse test Seeds of crops and monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous pest plants were placed in sandy loam in plastic pots, covered with soil, and grown in a greenhouse under optimal growth conditions. Two to three weeks after sowing, the test plants were treated at the 1-2 leaf stage. Test herbicide formulations were prepared at different concentrations and sprayed onto the surface of the green parts of the plants using different water application rates: 200 l / ha as the standard conventional application rate and 10 l / ha as the ultra-low volume (ULV) application rate. The nozzle type used for all applications was the TeeJet DG 95015 EVS. The ULV application rate was achieved by using a pulse width modulation (PWM) system attached to the nozzle and track spray device. After application, the test plants were left in the greenhouse for 3 to 4 weeks under optimal growth conditions. The activity of the herbicide formulations was then visually scored (e.g., 100% activity = all plant material dies, 0% activity = plants are similar to untreated control plants).

[0239] Table M4: Plant species used in the experiment [Table 4]

[0240] Method 12: Explanation of the fungicide greenhouse test Seeds were placed in "peat soil T" in plastic pots, covered with soil, and cultivated in a greenhouse under optimal growing conditions. Two to three weeks after sowing, the test plants were treated at the 1-2 leaf stage. Test fungicide formulations were prepared at different concentrations and sprayed onto the plant surface using different water application rates: 200 l / ha as the standard conventional application rate and 10 l / ha as the ultra-low volume (ULV) application rate. The nozzle type used for all applications was TeeJet TP 8002E, used at 2 bar and at a height 500-600 mm above the plant level. Cereal plants were positioned at a 45° angle to best reflect the spraying conditions in the cereal field. ULV application rates were achieved using a pulse width modulation (PWM) system attached to the nozzle and track spraying device at 30 Hz with an opening of 8%-100% (10 l / ha-200 l / ha spray volume).

[0241] In the protective treatment, test plants were inoculated with each disease one day after spray application and left in a greenhouse for 1-2 weeks under optimal growth conditions. The activity of the fungicide formulations was then visually evaluated.

[0242] Under curative conditions, plants were first inoculated with the disease, and then treated with a fungicide formulation 1–3 days later. Visual evaluation of the disease was performed 3–6 days (dat) after application of the formulation.

[0243] The procedures for administering the vaccine are well known to those skilled in the art.

[0244] Table M5: Diseases and crops used in the experiment [Table 5]

[0245] Method 13: Cuticle Penetration Test The cuticular penetration test is a further developed and adapted version of the test method SOFU (simulation of foliar uptake), originally described by Schoenherr and Baur (Schoenherr, J., Baur, P. (1996), Effects of temperature, surfactants and other adjuvants on rates of uptake of organic compounds. In: The plant cuticle - an integrated functional approach, 134 - 155. Kerstiens, G. (ed.), BIOS Scientific publisher, Oxford); it is well suited for systematic and mechanistic studies on the effects of formulations, adjuvants and solvents on the penetration of pesticides.

[0246] As described by Schoenherr and Riederer (Schoenherr, J., Riederer, M. (1986), Plant cuticles sorb lipophilic compounds during enzymatic isolation. Plant Cell Environ. 9, 459 - 466), apple leaf cuticles were isolated from leaves collected from trees growing in an orchard. Only the non - porous cuticular membrane of the upper leaf surface lacking stomata was obtained. Disks with a diameter of 18 mm were punched out from the leaves and infiltrated with an enzyme solution of pectinase and cellulase. The cuticular membranes were separated from the digested leaf cell broth, gently washed with water and dried. After storage for about four weeks, the permeability of the cuticle reached a constant level and the cuticular membranes were ready for use in the penetration test.

[0247] The cuticle membrane was applied to a diffusion vessel. Correct orientation is important: the inner surface of the cuticle should face the inside of the diffusion vessel. The spray was applied to the outer surface of the cuticle in a spray chamber. The diffusion vessel was inverted and carefully filled with the acceptor solution. An aqueous mixture buffered to pH 5.5 was used as the acceptor medium to simulate apoplasts as a natural desorption medium on the inner surface of the cuticle.

[0248] The diffusion container, filled with acceptors and stirrers, was transferred to a temperature-controlled stainless steel block that ensured not only a clear temperature but also a constant humidity on the cuticle surface with the sprayed deposits. The starting temperature was 25°C, 30°C, or 35°C and was maintained constant, or changed to 35°C 24 hours after application, with a constant relative humidity of 60%.

[0249] The autosampler took aliquots of the acceptor at regular intervals, and the content of the active ingredient was determined by HPLC (DAD or MS). All data points were finally processed to obtain osmotic kinetics. Due to the large variability in the osmotic barrier of the cuticle, each osmotic kinetics test was repeated 5 to 10 times.

[0250] Method 14: Washing off the cuticle A disc from the apple cuticle was fixed with its outer surface facing upward on a glass microscope slide with a thin layer of medium-viscosity silicone oil. A 0.9 μl drop of a different formulation, diluted by spray dilution in deionized water containing 5% CIPAC C water, was applied to the slide using a micropipette and allowed to dry for 1 hour. Each deposit was examined under a light transmission microscope equipped with a cross-polarizing filter, and images were recorded. The slide containing the cuticle with the dried formulation droplet was held for 15 seconds under a gentle flow of deionized water (approximately 300 ml / min at a height of 10 cm below the tap outlet). The slide was dried, and the deposit was re-examined under a microscope and compared to the original image. The amount of active ingredient washed away was visually estimated and recorded in 10% steps. Three repeats were measured, and the average value was recorded.

[0251] Method 15: Washing off the leaves Apple or corn leaf sections were mounted on glass microscope slides. 0.9–1.4 μl drops of different formulations, diluted by spray dilution in deionized water containing 5% CIPAC C water and a small amount of fluorescent tracer (Tinopal OB as a micron-sized aqueous suspension), were applied to these slides using a micropipette and allowed to dry for 1 hour. Leaf deposits were imaged with a digital camera under UV irradiation (365 nm). The leaf sections were then held for 15 seconds under gently moving deionized water (at a flow rate of approximately 300 ml / min at a height of 10 cm below the tap outlet). The leaf sections were dried, the deposits were re-imaged, and compared to the original images. The amount of active ingredient washed away was visually estimated between 5 (mostly remaining) and 1 (mostly removed). Measurements were taken at least three times, and the average value was recorded.

[0252] Method 16: Coverage rate (spray) Greenhouse plants at the growth stages shown in Tables M1a and M1b were used in these experiments. Single leaves were cut immediately before the spray experiment, placed in a Petri dish, and attached with tape at both ends at 0° (horizontal) or 60° (to allow spraying 50% of the leaf area). Leaves were handled carefully to avoid damage to the wax surface. These horizontally oriented leaves were a) placed in a spray chamber, and the spray solution was applied via a hydraulic nozzle.

[0253] A small amount of UV dye was added to the spray solution, and the sprayed material was visualized under UV light. The dye concentration was selected so that it would not affect the surface properties of the spray solution and would not contribute to its own adhesion. Tinopal OB as a colloidal suspension was used in all flowable and solid formulations, including WG, SC, OD, and SE. Tinopal CBS-X or Blankophor SOL was used in formulations in which the active ingredient is dissolved, such as EC, EW, and SL. Tinopal CBS-X was dissolved in the aqueous phase, and Blankophor SOL was dissolved in the oil phase.

[0254] After the spray solution evaporated, the leaves were placed in a Camag, Reprostar 3 UV chamber, where photographs of the spray residue were taken under visible light and 366nm UV light. A Canon EOS 700D digital camera was mounted in the UV chamber and used to acquire images of the leaves. Using the images taken under visible light, the leaf shape was subtracted from the background. ImageJ software was used to determine a) the percentage coverage of the spray applied to the sprayed leaves, or b) mm 2 We calculated either the spreading area of ​​the pipette droplet or the area of ​​the pipette droplet.

[0255] Method 17: Coverage (pipette) Greenhouse plants at the growth stages shown in Tables M1a and M1b were used in these experiments. A 1.4 μl spray droplet containing a small amount of fluorescent tracer (Tinopal OB as a micron-sized aqueous suspension) was pipetteed onto the top of the leaf surface without touching it and allowed to dry. Under UV irradiation (365 nm), the leaf deposits were imaged with a digital camera, and the area of ​​the deposits was measured using ImageJ software (www.fiji.com).

[0256] Method 18: Sustained foam In accordance with CIPAC Method MT 47.1, persistent foam was measured using foam recorded at 1 minute and 3 minutes, under conditions of using the recipe dosages and spray volumes shown in each example (www.cipac.org).

[0257] material Table MAT1: Illustrative trade names and CAS numbers of preferred drift-reducing materials - polymer(b) [Table 6]

[0258] Table MAT2: Illustrative trade names and CAS numbers of preferred drift-reducing materials - Oil (b) [Table 7]

[0259] Table MAT3: Exemplary trade names and CAS numbers of preferred highly spreadable compounds (c) [Table 8]

[0260] Table MAT5: Exemplary product names of preferred wash-off reducing materials (e) [Table 9]

[0261] Table MAT6: Illustrative trade names and CAS numbers of preferred compounds (f) [Table 10] TIFF0007883491000011.tif143169

[0262] Examples of bactericides Example FN1: Trifloxystrobin 20SC Table FN1.1: Recipes FN1.1, FN1.2, FN1.3, and FN1.4 [Table 11]

[0263] The preparation method used followed Method 1.

[0264] Pipette spreading test on leaves The size of the leaf attachments was determined according to Method 17.

[0265] Table FN1.2: Size and volume of spray dilution droplets on smooth apple leaves and rough soybean and rice leaves. [Table 12]

[0266] A formulation applied at a rate of 0.5 l / ha.

[0267] The results show that recipe FN1.2, which exemplifies the present invention, exhibits a larger deposit size at a spray rate of 10 L / ha compared to 200 L / ha, and also compared to the reference recipe FN1.1.

[0268] greenhouse Table FN1.3: Biological efficacy of PHAKPA on soybeans [Table 13]

[0269] Method 12: Soybeans, 1 day protective, 7 days evaluation The results show that recipe FN1.2 illustrating the present invention exhibits higher efficacy than reference recipe FN1.1 at both 10 and 200 l / ha spray rates.

[0270] Washing off the leaves The washing method was determined according to Method 15.

[0271] Table FN1.4: Leaf washing data [Table 14]

[0272] Formulation tested at 0.5 l / ha. (+ = completely washed away, +++++ = completely remaining) The results show that recipe FN1.2 illustrating the present invention exhibits a higher residual amount of the applied formulation at a spray rate of 10 L / ha compared to reference recipe FN1.1, and that it exhibits higher residual amounts of the applied formulation at 10 and 200 L / ha compared to recipe FN1.3, which contains a drift-reducing additive (b) and a spreading additive (c) but does not contain a rain-resistant additive (e).

[0273] drift The drift was determined according to Method 7.

[0274] Table FN1.5: Drift Data [Table 15]

[0275] Formulation tested at 0.5 l / ha.

[0276] The results show that recipe FN1.2 illustrating the present invention, surprisingly, exhibits a low driftable droplet fraction at a spray rate of 20 l / ha with this very low concentration of oil (b), compared to reference recipe FN1.4 without drift-reducing oil (b).

[0277] Example FN2: Penflufen and Tebuconazole 270SC Table FN2.1: Recipes FN2.1, FN2.2, FN2.3, and FN2.4 [Table 16]

[0278] The preparation methods used were those described in Methods 1 and 2.

[0279] drift The drift was determined according to Method 7.

[0280] Table FN2.2: Drift Data [Table 17]

[0281] Formulation tested at 0.75 l / ha.

[0282] The results show that recipe FN2.2 illustrating the present invention exhibits a lower driftable fraction of spray droplets at a spray rate of 15 L / ha compared to reference recipe FN2.4.

[0283] The drift was determined according to Method 7.

[0284] Table FN2.6: Drift Data [Table 18]

[0285] Formulation tested at 0.75 l / ha.

[0286] The results show that, compared to reference recipe FN2.4, recipes FN2.2 and FN2.3 illustrating the present invention exhibit a lower driftable fraction of spray droplets at a spray rate of 15 L / ha.

[0287] Pipette spreading test on leaves The size of the leaf attachments was determined according to Method 17.

[0288] Table FN2.3: Size and volume of spray dilution droplets on smooth apple leaves and rough soybean and rice leaves. [Table 19]

[0289] A formulation applied at a rate of 0.75 l / ha.

[0290] The results indicate that recipes FN2.2 and FN2.3 illustrating the present invention exhibit larger deposit sizes compared to reference recipe FN2.1. The increase in deposit size is particularly evident on leaves with rough leaf surfaces (soybeans and rice) and is greater at a spray rate of 20 L / ha.

[0291] Washing off the leaves The washing method was determined according to Method 15.

[0292] Table FN2.4: Leaf washing data [Table 20]

[0293] Formulation tested at 0.75 l / ha. (+=all washed away, +++++=all remained) The results show that, compared to reference recipe FN2.1, recipes FN2.2 and FN2.3 illustrating the present invention exhibit a higher residual amount of the applied formulation at a spray rate of 20 L / ha.

[0294] foam The bubbles were measured according to Method 18.

[0295] Table FN2.5: Foam spray dilution data for penflufen and tebuconazole SC recipes [Table 21]

[0296] Formulation tested at 0.75 l / ha.

[0297] The results show that recipes FN2.2 and FN2.3 illustrating the present invention exhibit lower foaming at spray volumes of 20 and 200 l / ha, compared to reference recipe FN2.4 which does not contain the drift-reducing agent (b). Rapeseed oil methyl ester (b) is particularly effective in reducing foaming.

[0298] Example FN3: Fluopyram 200SC Table FN3.1: Recipes FN3.1, FN3.2, FN3.3 and FN3.4 [Table 22]

[0299] The preparation method used followed Method 1.

[0300] Pipette spreading test on leaves The size of the leaf attachments was determined according to Method 17.

[0301] Table FN3.2: Size and volume of spray dilution droplets on smooth apple leaves and rough soybean and rice leaves. [Table 23]

[0302] A formulation applied at a rate of 0.5 l / ha.

[0303] The results show that recipe FN3.2 illustrating the present invention exhibits a larger adhering size at a spray rate of 20 L / ha compared to the reference recipe FN3.1(c) which does not contain a spreading agent. The increase in spreading is greater on rough soybean and rice leaves than on smooth apple leaves.

[0304] Washing off the leaves The washing method was determined according to Method 13.

[0305] Table FN3.3: Leaf washing data [Table 24]

[0306] Formulation tested at 0.5 l / ha. (+ = completely washed away, +++++ = completely remaining) The results show that, compared to reference recipe FN3.1 which does not contain rainproofing agent (e), recipe FN3.2 illustrating the present invention shows a higher residual amount of the applied formulation at a spray rate of 20 L / ha.

[0307] Example FN4: Trifloxystrobin and Tebuconazole 300SC Table FN4.1: Recipes FN4.1, FN4.2, FN4.3 and FN4.4 [Table 25]

[0308] The preparation method used followed Method 1.

[0309] Table FN4.2: Recipes FN4.5 and FN4.6 [Table 26]

[0310] The preparation method used followed Method 1.

[0311] drift The drift was determined according to Method 8.

[0312] Table FN4.3: Drift Data [Table 27]

[0313] Formulation tested at 0.5 l / ha.

[0314] The results show that, compared to reference recipe FN4.5, recipe FN4.6 illustrating the present invention exhibits a lower driftable fraction of spray droplets at a spray rate of 15 L / ha.

[0315] The drift was determined according to Method 7.

[0316] Table FN4.7: Drift Data [Table 28]

[0317] Formulation tested at 0.75 l / ha.

[0318] The results show that, compared to reference recipe FN4.4, recipes FN4.2 and FN4.3 illustrating the present invention exhibit a lower driftable fraction of spray droplets at spray rates of 10, 20, 40, and 200 L / ha.

[0319] Pipette spreading test on leaves The size of the leaf attachments was determined according to Method 17.

[0320] Table FN4.4: Size and volume of spray dilution droplets on smooth apple leaves and rough soybean and rice leaves. [Table 29]

[0321] A formulation applied at a rate of 0.5 l / ha.

[0322] The results show that recipes FN4.2 and FN4.3 illustrating the present invention exhibit larger deposit sizes at a spray rate of 20 l / ha compared to 200 l / ha, and compared to the reference recipe FN4.1.

[0323] Washing off the leaves The washing method was determined according to Method 15.

[0324] Table FN4.5: Leaf washing data [Table 30]

[0325] Formulation tested at 0.5 l / ha. (+ = completely washed away, +++++ = completely remaining) The results show that, compared to reference recipe FN4.1, recipes FN4.2 and FN4.3 illustrating the present invention exhibit a higher residue of the applied formulation at a spray rate of 20 L / ha. This is surprising because a higher concentration of the spreading agent (c) at a lower spray rate would be expected to promote rinsing.

[0326] foam The bubbles were measured according to Method 18.

[0327] Table FN4.6: Foam spray dilution data [Table 31]

[0328] Formulation tested at 0.5 l / ha.

[0329] The results show that recipes FN4.2 and FN4.3 illustrating the present invention exhibit lower persistent foam at spray rates of 20 and 200 l / ha, compared to reference recipe FN4.4 which does not contain the drift reducer (b). Furthermore, the reduction in foam is greater at lower spray rates, where an increased concentration of the high spreading agent (c) would normally increase foam.

[0330] Example FN5: Fluoxapiproline 40SC Table FN5.1: Recipes FN5.1, FN5.2, FN5.3, FN5.4, FN5.5, FN5.6 and FN5.7 [Table 32]

[0331] The preparation method used followed Method 1.

[0332] drift The drift was determined according to Method 7.

[0333] Table FN5.2: Drift data for fluoxapiproline SC recipe [Table 33]

[0334] Formulation tested at 0.5 l / ha.

[0335] The results show that recipes FN5.3, FN5.4, and FN5.5, which exemplify the dosage of drift-reducing oil (b) of the present invention, exhibit a smaller amount of driftable fractions of spray droplets smaller than 100 microns and 150 microns at a spray rate of 20 l / ha, compared to reference recipe FN5.1 which does not contain drift-reducing oil (b). Furthermore, compared to recipes FN5.6 and FN5.7 which contain significantly larger amounts of drift-reducing oil (b), the lower amounts of drift-reducing oil in recipes FN5.4 and FN5.5 achieve the same level of reduction in the amount of driftable fractions of spray droplets smaller than 100 microns and 150 microns.

[0336] Example FN6: Prothioconazole 20SC Table FN6.1: Recipes FN6.1 and FN6.2 [Table 34]

[0337] The preparation method used followed Method 1.

[0338] Pipette spreading test on leaves The size of the leaf attachments was determined according to Method 17.

[0339] Table FN6.2: Size and volume of spray dilution droplets on smooth apple leaves and rough soybean and rice leaves. [Table 35]

[0340] A formulation applied at a rate of 0.5 l / ha.

[0341] The results show that recipe FN6.2, which exemplifies the present invention, exhibits a larger deposit size at a spray rate of 10 L / ha compared to 200 L / ha, and also compared to the reference recipe FN6.1.

[0342] greenhouse Table FN6.3: Biological efficacy of PHAKPA for soybeans (Reference PTZ 03 PHAKPA) [Table 36]

[0343] Method 12: Soybeans, 1 day protective, evaluation 7 days (*Technical spray defects) The results show that recipe FN6.2, which exemplifies the present invention, exhibits higher efficacy at both 10 and 200 l / ha spray rates compared to reference recipe FN6.1. Furthermore, recipe FN6.2 exhibits higher efficacy at 10 l / ha compared to 200 l / ha.

[0344] Example FN7: Impulfluxam SC Table FN7.1: Recipes FN7.1, FN7.2, FN7.3, FN7.4 and FN7.5 [Table 37]

[0345] The preparation method used followed Method 1.

[0346] greenhouse Table FN7.2: Biological efficacy of PHAKPA on soybeans [Table 38]

[0347] Method 12: Soybeans, 1 day protective, 7 days evaluation The results show that Recipe FN7.5, which exemplifies the present invention, exhibits comparable effectiveness at both 10 l / ha and 200 l / ha spray rates compared to the reference recipe FN7.4. Furthermore, Recipe FN7.5 exhibits higher effectiveness at 10 l / ha compared to 200 l / ha.

[0348] Washing off the leaves The washing method was determined according to Method 15.

[0349] Table FN7.3: Leaf washing data [Table 39]

[0350] Formulation tested at 0.5 l / ha. (+ = completely washed away, +++++ = completely remaining) The results show that recipe FN7.2 illustrating the present invention exhibits a higher residual amount of the applied formulation at a spray rate of 10 L / ha compared to reference recipe FN7.1, and that it exhibits higher residual amounts of the applied formulation at 10 and 200 L / ha compared to recipe FN7.3, which contains a drift reducer (b) and a spreading agent (c) but does not contain a rainproofing agent (e).

[0351] implementation Example FN8: Bixafen 50SC Table FN8.1: Recipes FN8.1 and FN8.2 [Table 40]

[0352] The preparation method used followed Method 1.

[0353] drift The drift was determined according to Method 7.

[0354] Table FN8.2: Drift data for trifloxystrobin SC recipe [Table 41]

[0355] Formulation tested at 0.5 l / ha.

[0356] The results show that recipe FN8.2 illustrating the present invention exhibits a lower driftable droplet fraction at a spray rate of 20 l / ha compared to reference recipe FN8.3 without drift-reducing oil (b).

[0357] Pipette spreading test on leaves The size of the leaf attachments was determined according to Method 17.

[0358] Table FN8.3: Size and volume of spray dilution droplets on smooth apple leaves and rough soybean and rice leaves. [Table 42]

[0359] A formulation applied at a rate of 0.5 l / ha.

[0360] The results show that recipe FN8.2, which exemplifies the present invention, exhibits a larger deposit size at a spray rate of 10 L / ha compared to 200 L / ha, and also compared to the reference recipe FN8.1.

[0361] greenhouse Table FN8.4: Biological efficacy of PHAKPA on soybeans [Table 43]

[0362] Method 12: Soybeans, 1 day protective, 7 days evaluation The results show that recipe FN8.2, which exemplifies the present invention, exhibits higher efficacy at a spray rate of 10 l / ha than reference recipe FN8.1 at both 10 l / ha and 200 l / ha. Furthermore, recipe FN8.2 exhibits higher efficacy at 10 l / ha compared to 200 l / ha.

[0363] Washing off the leaves The method for washing off the leaves was determined according to Method 15.

[0364] Table FN8.5: Leaf washing data [Table 44]

[0365] Formulation tested at 0.5 l / ha. (+ = completely washed away, +++++ = completely remaining) The results show that, compared to reference recipe FN8.1, recipe FN8.2 illustrating the present invention exhibits a higher residual amount of the applied formulation at a spray rate of 10 L / ha.

[0366] Example FN9: Isoflucipram 10SC Table FN9.1: Recipes FN9.1 and FN9.2 [Table 45]

[0367] The preparation method used followed Method 1.

[0368] Spreading in wheat plants Wheat plants 15-25 cm tall were sprayed with a TeeJet® TP8002E nozzle at a pressure of 2 bar. A spray rate of 10 l / ha was achieved using a PWM device. A small amount of fluorescent marker was added to the spray solution, and the % coverage was visually measured under UV irradiation (365 nm).

[0369] Table FN9.4: Spray % coverage in wheat plants [Table 46]

[0370] A formulation applied at a rate of 1.0 l / ha.

[0371] The results show that recipe FN9.2, which exemplifies the present invention, exhibits greater foliage coverage at both spray rates of 10 l / ha and 200 l / ha compared to reference recipe FN9.1.

[0372] greenhouse Table FN9.5: Biological efficacy of PUCCRT / wheat [Table 47]

[0373] Method 12: Wheat, 2 days therapeutic, 7 days evaluation.

[0374] The results show that recipe FN9.2, which exemplifies the present invention, exhibits higher efficacy than reference recipe FN9.1 at both 10 and 200 l / ha spray rates. Furthermore, recipe FN9.2 exhibits higher efficacy at 10 l / ha compared to 200 l / ha.

[0375] Figure 1 shows images of leaf deposits on sprayed wheat plants, and it is surprising to see that recipe FN9.2 illustrating the present invention shows significantly higher coverage at a spray rate of 10 l / ha, while reference recipe FN9.1 shows the insufficient coverage expected for sprays applied at a lower spray rate of 10 l / ha. It is also surprising that this difference in coverage at 10 l / ha corresponds to a strong increase in efficacy in FN9.2, even when the active ingredient and spreading agent (c) are applied at lower doses of 0.5 l / ha.

[0376] Example FN10: Fluoxapiproline 10SC Table FN10.1: Recipes FN10.1, FN10.2, and FN10.3 [Table 48]

[0377] The preparation method used followed Method 1.

[0378] drift The drift was determined according to Method 9.

[0379] Table FN10.2: Drift data for fluoxapiproline SC recipe [Table 49]

[0380] Formulation tested at 0.35 l / ha.

[0381] The results show that recipe FN10.2, which exemplifies the present invention, exhibits lower drift at a spray rate of 10 L / ha compared to reference recipe FN10.3.

[0382] Spreading in tomato plants Tomato plants at the 4-leaf stage (BBCH 14) were sprayed with a TeeJet® TP8002E nozzle at a pressure of 2 bar. A spray rate of 15 l / ha was achieved using a PWM device. A small amount of fluorescent marker was added to the spray solution, and the % coverage was visually measured under UV irradiation (365 nm).

[0383] Table FN10.3: Spray % coverage rate in tomato plants [Table 50]

[0384] A formulation applied at a rate of 1.0 l / ha.

[0385] The results show that recipe FN10.2, which exemplifies the present invention, exhibits greater foliage coverage at both spray rates of 15 l / ha and 200 l / ha compared to reference recipe FN10.1.

[0386] greenhouse Table FN10.4: Biological efficacy of PHYTIN / tomato [Table 51]

[0387] Method 12: Tomato, 1 day therapeutic, 4 days evaluation The results show that reference recipe FN10.1 exhibits a significant decrease in effectiveness when the spray rate is reduced from 200 l / ha to 15 l / ha. Recipe FN10.2 of the present invention maintains remarkably good effectiveness when the spray rate is reduced from 200 l / ha to 15 l / ha. Furthermore, recipe FN10.2 exhibits higher effectiveness at both 15 l / ha and 200 l / ha spray rates compared to reference recipe FN10.1.

[0388] Figure 2 shows images of leaf deposits on sprayed tomato plants, illustrating that recipe FN10.2, illustrating the present invention, shows high coverage at a spray rate of 15 l / ha, while reference recipe FN10.1 shows insufficient coverage, as expected, when applied at a lower spray rate of 15 l / ha. It is also surprising that this difference in coverage at 15 l / ha corresponds to the increased effectiveness in FN10.2, even when the active ingredient and spreading agent (c) were applied at lower rates of 0.5 and 0.25 l / ha.

[0389] Example FN11: Fluopicolide SC Table FN11.1: Recipes FN11.1, FN11.2, FN11.3 and FN11.4 [Table 52]

[0390] The preparation method used followed Method 2.

[0391] Spreading in tomato plants Tomato plants at the 4-leaf stage (BBCH 14) were sprayed with a TeeJet® TP8002E nozzle at a pressure of 2 bar. A spray rate of 15 l / ha was achieved using a PWM device. A small amount of fluorescent marker was added to the spray solution, and the % coverage was visually measured under UV irradiation (365 nm).

[0392] Table FN11.2: Spray coverage percentage of tomato plants [Table 53]

[0393] A formulation applied at a rate of 1.0 l / ha.

[0394] The results show that recipe FN11.2, which exemplifies the present invention, exhibits greater foliage coverage compared to reference recipe FN11.1 at both spray rates of 15 l / ha and 200 l / ha.

[0395] greenhouse Table FN11.3: Biological efficacy of PHYTIN / tomato [Table 54]

[0396] Method 12: Tomato, 1 day therapeutic, 4 days evaluation The results indicate that recipe FN11.2, which exemplifies the present invention, demonstrates better efficacy compared to reference recipe FN11.1 at both 200 l / ha and 15 l / ha.

[0397] physical aspects The physical aspects of viscosity were visually evaluated.

[0398] Table FN11.4: Physical aspects of the recipe [Table 55]

[0399] The results indicate that recipe FN11.4 is too viscous for customer use and that there is an upper limit to the concentration of polymers that can be incorporated into the SC recipe. For the drift-reducing polymer AgRho DR2000, this is approximately 10 g / l.

[0400] Example FN12: Impulfluxam SC Table FN12.1: Recipes FN12.1, FN12.2, and FN12.3 [Table 56]

[0401] The preparation method used followed Method 1.

[0402] drift The drift was determined according to Method 7.

[0403] Table FN12.2: Drift Data [Table 57]

[0404] Formulation tested at 0.5 l / ha.

[0405] The results show that recipe FN12.2 illustrating the present invention exhibits a lower driftable droplet fraction at a spray rate of 20 l / ha compared to the reference recipe FN12.3 without drift-reducing oil (b).

[0406] Pipette spreading test on leaves The size of the leaf attachments was determined according to Method 17.

[0407] Table FN12.3: Spray dilution droplet size and volume on smooth apple leaves and rough soybean leaves [Table 58]

[0408] A formulation applied at a rate of 0.5 l / ha.

[0409] The results show that recipe FN12.2 illustrating the present invention exhibits a larger deposit size at a spray rate of 20 l / ha compared to 200 l / ha, and also compared to the reference recipe FN12.1.

[0410] Example FN13: Fluoxapiproline SC Table FN13.1: Recipes FN13.1, FN13.2, and FN13.3 [Table 59]

[0411] The preparation method used followed Method 2.

[0412] drift The drift was determined according to Method 7.

[0413] Table FN13.2: Drift Data [Table 60]

[0414] Formulation tested at 0.5 l / ha.

[0415] The results show that recipe FN13.2 illustrating the present invention exhibits a lower driftable droplet fraction at a spray rate of 20 l / ha compared to reference recipe FN13.3 which does not contain the drift-reducing polymer (b).

[0416] Pipette spreading test on leaves The size of the leaf attachments was determined according to Method 17.

[0417] Table FN13.3: Spray dilution droplet size and volume on smooth apple leaves and rough soybean leaves [Table 61]

[0418] A formulation applied at a rate of 0.5 l / ha.

[0419] The results show that recipe FN13.2 illustrating the present invention exhibits a larger deposit size at a spray rate of 20 l / ha compared to 200 l / ha, and also compared to the reference recipe FN13.1.

[0420] Example FN16: Bixafen SC Table FN16.1: Recipes FN16.1, FN16.2, FN16.3, FN16.4 and FN16.5 [Table 62]

[0421] The preparation method used followed Method 2.

[0422] physical aspects The physical aspects of viscosity were visually evaluated.

[0423] Table FN16.4: Physical aspects of recipes [Table 63]

[0424] The results indicate that the polymer Polyox® WSR301 can be incorporated into SC recipes across a concentration range of 0.3 to 1.2 g / L.

[0425] Spray droplet size The spray droplet size was determined according to Method 9.

[0426] Table FN16.4: Driftable fractions of spray droplets [Table 64]

[0427] A formulation applied at a rate of 0.5 l / ha using a spray volume of 15 l / ha.

[0428] The results show that the polymer Polyox® WSR301 can reduce the driftable fraction of spray droplets <100 microns and <150 microns over a concentration range of 0.6 to 1.2 g / L (for a recipe using 0.5 l / ha at a spray rate of 15 l / ha).

[0429] Example FN17 Tebuconazole SC Table FN17.1: Recipes FN17.1, FN17.2, FN17.3, FN17.4 and FN17.5 [Table 65] The preparation method used followed Method 2.

[0430] Table FN17.2: Recipes FN17.6, FN17.7, FN17.8 and FN17.9 [Table 66]

[0431] The preparation method used followed Method 2.

[0432] physical aspects The physical aspects of viscosity were visually evaluated.

[0433] Table FN17.3: Physical aspects of recipes [Table 67]

[0434] The results indicate that the polymer Polyox® WSR N12K can be incorporated into SC recipes across a concentration range of 0.6 to 2.4 g / L.

[0435] Spray droplet size The spray droplet size was determined according to Method 9.

[0436] Table FN17.4: Driftable fractions of spray droplets [Table 68]

[0437] A formulation applied at a rate of 0.5 l / ha in a spray volume of 15 l / ha.

[0438] The results indicate that the polymer Polyox® WSR N12K can reduce the driftable fraction of spray droplets <100 microns and <150 microns over a concentration range of 0.6 to 2.4 g / L (for a recipe using 0.5 l / ha at a spray rate of 15 l / ha). Furthermore, these results demonstrate that the reduction in driftable fraction is also observed with the spreading agent (c).

[0439] Example FN18: Fluopicolide 150SC Table FN18.1: Recipes FN7.1 and FN7.2 [Table 69]

[0440] The preparation method used followed Method 1.

[0441] Cuticle penetration Penetration through the cuticle of apple leaves was measured according to cuticle penetration test method 13.

[0442] Table FN18.2: Cuticle penetration of fluopicole SC formulations [Table 70]

[0443] Formulation tested at 0.5 l / ha.

[0444] The results show that recipe FN18.2, containing a low amount of oil-based drift reducer (Crodamol® OP), exhibits comparable cuticle penetration to reference recipe FN18.1, which contains no oil-based drift reducer. This demonstrates that small amounts of oil do not enhance cuticle penetration and are not present at levels that affect the biological delivery of the active ingredient.

[0445] Examples of insecticides Example IN1: Spirotetramat 150SC Table IN 1.1: Recipes IN11 and IN14 [Table 71]

[0446] The preparation method used followed Method 1.

[0447] Pipette spreading test on leaves The size of the leaf attachments was determined according to Method 17.

[0448] Table IN1.2: Size and volume of spray dilution droplets on smooth apple leaves and rough rice leaves. [Table 72]

[0449] A formulation applied at a rate of 8 / 15 / 100 l / ha.

[0450] The results show that the exemplary recipe IN14 of the present invention exhibits a larger deposit size at spray rates of 8 and 15 L / ha on rice than at 100 L / ha, and compared to the reference recipe IN11.

[0451] Washing off the leaves Washing was measured according to Method 15, and the washing rate was 600 mL / min.

[0452] Table IN1.3: Leaf washing data [Table 73]

[0453] Formulations tested at 0.5 l / ha (+ = completely washed away, +++++ = completely remaining) The results show that, compared to reference recipe IN11, recipe IN14 illustrating the present invention exhibits a higher residual amount of the applied formulation at spray rates of 10 and 200 L / ha.

[0454] Example IN2: Tetraniliprole 80SC Table IN2.1: Recipes IN21, IN24, and IN84 [Table 74]

[0455] The preparation methods used were according to Method 1 (IN21, IN24) and Method 2 (IN84).

[0456] Pipette spreading test on leaves The size of the leaf attachments was determined according to Method 17.

[0457] Table IN2.2: Size and volume of spray dilution droplets on smooth apple leaves and rough rice leaves. [Table 75]

[0458] A formulation applied at a rate of 8 / 15 / 100 l / ha.

[0459] The results show that the exemplary recipe IN84 of the present invention exhibits a larger deposit size at spray rates of 8 and 15 L / ha on rice than at 100 L / ha, and also compared to the reference recipe IN81.

[0460] Washing off the leaves Washing was measured according to Method 15, and the washing rate was 600 mL / min.

[0461] Table IN2.2: Leaf Washing Data [Table 76]

[0462] Formulations tested at 0.5 l / ha (+ = completely washed away, +++++ = completely remaining) The results show that recipes IN24 and IN84 illustrating the present invention exhibit a greater residual amount of the applied formulation at spray rates of 10 and 200 L / ha, respectively, compared to reference recipe IN21.

[0463] Example IN3: Imidaclopride + Thiaclopride 300SC Table IN3.1: Recipes IN31 and IN34 [Table 77]

[0464] The preparation method used followed Method 1.

[0465] Pipette spreading test on leaves The size of the leaf attachments was determined according to Method 17.

[0466] Table IN3.2: Size and volume of spray dilution droplets on smooth apple leaves and rough rice leaves. [Table 78]

[0467] A formulation applied at a rate of 8 / 15 / 100 l / ha.

[0468] The results show that the exemplary recipe IN34 of the present invention exhibits a larger deposit size at spray rates of 8 and 15 L / ha on apples compared to 100 L / ha, and also compared to the reference recipe IN31.

[0469] Washing off the leaves Washing was measured according to Method 15, and the washing rate was 600 mL / min.

[0470] Table IN3.3: Wash-off Data [Table 79]

[0471] Formulations tested at 0.5 l / ha (+ = completely washed away, +++++ = completely remaining) The results show that recipe IN34, which exemplifies the present invention, exhibits a higher residual amount of the applied formulation at spray rates of 10 and 200 L / ha compared to reference recipe IN31.

[0472] Example IN4: Deltamethrin 25SC Table IN4.1: Recipes IN41 and IN44 [Table 80]

[0473] The preparation method used followed Method 1.

[0474] Pipette spreading test on leaves The size of the leaf attachments was determined according to Method 17.

[0475] Table IN4.2: Size and volume of spray dilution droplets on smooth apple leaves and rough soybean and rice leaves. [Table 81]

[0476] A formulation applied at a rate of 8 / 15 / 100 l / ha.

[0477] The results show that recipe IN44, which exemplifies the present invention, exhibits a larger deposit size in rice at spray rates of 8 and 15 L / ha compared to 100 L / ha, and also compared to reference recipe IN41.

[0478] Example IN5: Ethiprole 200SC Table IN5.1: Recipes IN51 and IN54 [Table 82]

[0479] The preparation method used was in accordance with Method 1. Pipette spreading test on leaves The size of the leaf attachments was determined according to Method 17.

[0480] Table IN5.2: Size and volume of spray dilution droplets on smooth apple leaves and rough rice leaves. [Table 83]

[0481] A formulation applied at a rate of 8 / 15 / 100 l / ha.

[0482] The results show that the exemplary recipe IN54 of the present invention exhibits a larger deposit size at spray rates of 8 and 15 L / ha compared to 100 L / ha, and also compared to the reference recipe IN51.

[0483] Washing off the leaves Washing was measured according to Method 15, and the washing rate was 600 mL / min.

[0484] Table IN5.3: Wash-off Data [Table 84]

[0485] Formulations tested at 0.5 l / ha (+ = completely washed away, +++++ = completely remaining) The results show that recipe IN54, which exemplifies the present invention, exhibits a higher residual amount of the applied formulation at a spray rate of 200 L / ha compared to reference recipe IN51.

[0486] Example IN6: Fullpyradiflon 150SC Table IN6.1: Recipes IN61 and IN64 [Table 85]

[0487] The preparation method used followed Method 1.

[0488] Pipette spreading test on leaves The size of the leaf attachments was determined according to Method 17.

[0489] Table IN6.2: Size and volume of spray dilution droplets on smooth apple leaves and rough soybean and rice leaves. [Table 86]

[0490] A formulation applied at a rate of 8 / 15 / 100 l / ha.

[0491] The results show that recipe IN64, which exemplifies the present invention, exhibits a larger deposit size at spray rates of 8 and 15 L / ha on rice plants compared to 100 L / ha, and also compared to reference recipe IN61.

[0492] Washing off the leaves Washing was measured according to Method 15, and the washing rate was 600 mL / min.

[0493] Table IN6.3: Leaf Washing Data [Table 87]

[0494] Formulations tested at 0.5 l / ha (+ = completely washed away, +++++ = completely remaining) The results show that recipe IN64, which exemplifies the present invention, exhibits a higher residual amount of the applied formulation at a spray rate of 200 L / ha compared to reference recipe IN61.

[0495] Example IN7: Spidoxamato 48SC Table IN5: Recipes IN71 and IN74 [Table 88]

[0496] The preparation method used followed Method 1.

[0497] Pipette spreading test on leaves The size of the leaf attachments was determined according to Method 17.

[0498] Table IN7.2: Size and volume of spray dilution droplets on smooth apple leaves and rough rice leaves. [Table 89] A formulation applied at a rate of 8 / 15 / 100 l / ha.

[0499] The results show that the exemplary recipe IN74 of the present invention exhibits a larger deposit size at a spray rate of 15 L / ha on rice than at 100 L / ha, and compared to the reference recipe IN71.

[0500] Washing off the leaves Washing was measured according to Method 15, and the washing rate was 600 mL / min.

[0501] Table IN7.3: Leaf washing data [Table 90]

[0502] Formulations tested at 0.5 l / ha (+ = completely washed away, +++++ = completely remaining) The results show that recipe IN74, which exemplifies the present invention, exhibits a higher residual amount of the applied formulation at a spray rate of 200 L / ha compared to reference recipe IN71.

[0503] Examples of herbicides Example HB1: Triafamone 100SC Table HB1.1: Recipes HB1.1 and HB1.2 [Table 91]

[0504] The preparation method used followed Method X.

[0505] Pipette spreading test on leaves The size of the leaf attachments was determined according to Method 17.

[0506] Table HBx: Droplet size and volume of spray dilution on smooth leaves of Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, and apple. [Table 92]

[0507] A formulation applied at a rate of 0.5 l / ha.

[0508] The results show that recipe HB1.2, which exemplifies the present invention, exhibits a larger deposit size at a spray rate of 10 L / ha compared to 200 L / ha, and also compared to the reference recipe HB1.1.

[0509] Table HBx: Size and dose of spray dilution droplets on rough leaves of Digitaria sanguinalis, Chenopodium album, soybean, and rice. [Table 93]

[0510] A formulation applied at a rate of 0.5 l / ha.

[0511] The results show that recipe HB1.2, which exemplifies the present invention, exhibits a larger deposit size at a spray rate of 10 L / ha than at 200 L / ha, and compared to the reference recipe HB1.1.

[0512] Example HB2: Tempotrione + Isoxadifen 315SC Table HB2.1: Recipes for HB2.1 and HB2.2 [Table 94]

[0513] The preparation method used followed Method X.

[0514] Pipette spreading test on leaves The size of the leaf attachments was determined according to Method 17.

[0515] Table HB2.2: Droplet size and volume of spray dilution on smooth apple leaves [Table 95]

[0516] A formulation applied at a rate of 0.5 l / ha.

[0517] The results show that recipe HB2.2 illustrating the present invention exhibits a larger deposit size at a spray rate of 10 L / ha compared to 200 L / ha, and also compared to the reference recipe HB2.1.

[0518] Table HB2.3: Droplet size and dosage of spray dilution for rough rice leaves [Table 96]

[0519] A formulation applied at a rate of 0.5 l / ha.

[0520] The results show that recipe HB2.2 illustrating the present invention exhibits a larger deposit size at a spray rate of 10 L / ha compared to 200 L / ha, and also compared to the reference recipe HB2.1.

[0521] Example HB3: Thiencarbazon + cyprosulfamide 200SC Table HB3.1: Recipes HB3.1, HB3.2, and HB3.3 [Table 97]

[0522] The preparation method used followed Method X.

[0523] The drift was determined according to Method 7.

[0524] Table HB3.2: Drift Data [Table 98]

[0525] Formulation tested at 0.5 l / ha.

[0526] The results show that the exemplary recipe HB3.2 of the present invention exhibits a smaller amount of driftable fractions of spray droplets smaller than 100 microns and smaller than 150 microns at a spray rate of 20 l / ha compared to the reference recipe HB3.3 without the drift-reducing additive (b).

[0527] Pipette spreading test on leaves The size of the leaf attachments was determined according to Method 17.

[0528] Table HB3.3: Droplet size and volume of spray dilution on smooth apple leaves [Table 99]

[0529] A formulation applied at a rate of 0.5 l / ha.

[0530] The results indicate that recipe HB3.2 is at the same level as the reference recipe HB3.1.

[0531] Table HB3.4: Droplet size and dosage of spray dilution for rough rice leaves [Table 100]

[0532] A formulation applied at a rate of 0.5 l / ha.

[0533] The results show that recipe HB3.2, which exemplifies the present invention, exhibits a larger deposit size at a spray rate of 10 L / ha compared to 200 L / ha, and also compared to the reference recipe HB3.1.

Claims

1. It is a pesticide preparation, a) One or more active ingredients, b) One or more drift reduction components c) One or more spreading agents, e) One or more rain-resistant additives, f) Any other combination agent, and g) One or more carriers up to the capacity Includes, Ingredients a) to g) in the following amounts a) 5-320g / l, b) 1-50g / l, c) 10-80g / l, e) 10-80 g / l, and g) Carrier up to capacity and include, Component a) is selected from the group consisting of trifloxystrobin, bixafen, penflufen, tebuconazole, prothioconazole, impulfluxam, isoflucipram, fluopyram, fluoxapiproline, spirotetramat, tetraniliprole, ethiprole, imidacloprid, deltamethrin, flupyradiflon, spidoxamato, tenbotrione, thiencarbazone-methyl, isoxadifen-ethyl, and cyprosulfamat. Component b) is selected from the group of vegetable oil esters and diesters, which include vegetable oils and esters with glycerin and propylene glycol. Component c) is selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene oxide-modified heptamethyltrisiloxane, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, alcohol ethoxylate, and ethoxylated diacetylene-diol having 1 to 6 EOs. Component e) is an acrylic emulsion polymer or polymer dispersion having a Tg in the range of -100°C to 30°C, or a styrene emulsion polymer or polymer dispersion. The aforementioned pesticide formulation.

2. A pesticide formulation, a) One or more active ingredients, b) One or more drift reduction components c) One or more spreading agents, e) One or more rain-resistant additives, f) Any other combination agent, and g) One or more carriers up to the capacity Includes, Ingredients a) to g) in the following amounts a) 20-320g / l, b) 0.1-6g / l, c) 10-80g / l, e) 10-80 g / l, and g) Carrier up to capacity and include, Component a) is selected from the group consisting of penflufen, tebuconazole, fluopicole, and triafamone. Component b) is selected from the group of poly(ethylene) oxides and hydroxypropyl guar having an average molecular weight of 0.5 to 12 million g / mol. Component c) is selected from the group consisting of polyalkylene oxide-modified heptamethyltrisiloxane, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, alcohol ethoxylate, and ethoxylated diacetylene-diol having 1 to 6 EOs. Component e) is an acrylic emulsion polymer or polymer dispersion having a Tg in the range of -100°C to 30°C, or a styrene emulsion polymer or polymer dispersion. The aforementioned pesticide formulation.

3. Component f) is essential, and component f) comprises at least two of the following: a nonionic surfactant and / or an ionic surfactant (f1), a rheological modifier (f2), an antifoaming agent (f3), an antifreeze (f4), and other compounding agents (f5), which are, f1) 8-120g / l, f2) 1-20g / l, f3) 0.5-20g / l, f4) 5-150 g / l, and f5) 0.1-120g / l A pesticide formulation according to claim 1 or 2, which exists in the present form.

4. c) The agrochemical formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein heptamethyltrisiloxane modified from polyalkylene oxide, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, and ethoxylated diacetylene-diol having 1 to 6 EOs.

5. a) The pesticide formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein substance a) is present in an amount of 10 to 320 g / l.

6. The pesticide formulation according to claim 3, wherein component f) comprises at least one nonionic surfactant and / or ionic surfactant (f1), one rheological modifier (f2), one antifoaming substance (f3), and at least one antifreeze (f4).

7. The agricultural chemical formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the formulation is an incan formulation.

8. A method for applying a pesticide formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 7 to a crop, wherein the formulation is applied in a spray volume of 1 to 30 l / ha.

9. The use of a pesticide formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for the application of a pesticide compound for the control of pests, wherein the formulation is applied to plants and / or their habitat by a tractor, unmanned aerial vehicle and unmanned guided vehicle equipped with a boom sprayer having a nozzle or rotating disc droplet applicator.

10. It is a pesticide preparation, a) A mixture of 90-100 g / l of trifloxystrobin and 190-210 g / l of tebuconazole, b) A vegetable oil in an amount of 8 to 12 g / l, or, in another embodiment, a poly(ethylene oxide) having an average molecular weight of 4 million g / mol in an amount of 0.3 to 0.5 g / l. c) One or more spreading agents in an amount of 10-20 g / l and polyalkylene oxide-modified heptamethyltrisiloxane in an amount of 18-40 g / l e) A rainproof additive that is a polymer selected from copolymers of acrylate and styrene, wherein the acrylate is selected from the group consisting of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, sec-butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl acrylate, acrylic acid, acrylamide, isobutyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, or a combination thereof, and the styrene is selected from the group consisting of styrene, tert-butylstyrene, para-methylstyrene, or a combination thereof, in an amount of 30 to 50 g / l of the rainproof additive. f) A rheological modifier selected from polysaccharides in an amount of 1 to 3 g / l (f2), an antifreeze in an amount of 75 to 110 g / l (f4), an antifoaming agent in an amount of 4 to 15 g / l (f3), and a preservative in an amount of 1.5 to 2.3 g / l (f5) 1,2-benzisothiazole-3(2H)-one, and at least one further compound in an amount of 25 to 80 g / l f), and g) Water as a carrier up to a capacity of (1 liter) The aforementioned pesticide preparation containing the above-mentioned ingredients.

11. It is a pesticide preparation, a) A mixture of 80-100 g / l of penflufen and 170-190 g / l of tebuconazole. b) A vegetable oil ester in an amount of 5 to 20 g / l, or, in another embodiment, a poly(ethylene oxide) having an average molecular weight of 2 million g / mol in an amount of 0.3 to 0.8 g / l. c) One or more spreading agents selected from 15-25 g / l of sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (65-70%) in propylene glycol and 20-40 g / l of polyalkylene oxide-modified heptamethyltrisiloxane, e) A rain-resistant additive in an amount of 10 to 30 g / l, which is an acrylic emulsion polymer or polymer dispersion having a Tg in the range of -100°C to 30°C. f) A rheological modifier selected from polysaccharides in an amount of 1 to 4 g / l (f2), an antifreeze in an amount of 90 to 110 g / l (f4), an antifoaming agent in an amount of 5 to 15 g / l (f3), and a preservative in an amount of 1.5 to 2.3 g / l (f5) 1,2-benzisothiazole-3(2H)-one, and at least one further compound in an amount of 25 to 80 g / l f) g) Water as a carrier up to a capacity of (1 liter) The aforementioned pesticide preparation containing the above-mentioned ingredients.

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