Exterior wall structure of building, building having said exterior wall structure, and method for installing exterior wall of building

Abstract

Provided is an exterior wall structure of a building, the exterior wall structure comprising at least one exterior wall panel 20a-1, 20a-2, 20a-3, a plurality of brackets 30a-1, 30a-2, and a rail 40a which is formed of at least one long member. The brackets are fixed to a frame of the building such that the brackets are apart from each other in the horizontal direction. The rail is supported by each of the brackets. The exterior wall panel is provided with a fitting structure to the rail. Each exterior wall panel is attached to the frame via the rail and the brackets by fitting the fitting structure of the exterior wall panel and the rail to each other.

Description

Exterior wall structure of a building, a building having the exterior wall structure, and a method for constructing an exterior wall of a building

[0001] The present invention relates to an exterior wall structure of a building, a building having the exterior wall structure, and a method for constructing an exterior wall of a building.

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a building construction method and an architectural wall panel set, which states, "One widthwise end of a first architectural wall panel and the other widthwise end of a third architectural wall panel are arranged adjacent to each other, and these adjacent ends are joined together with a metal joint; a plurality of second architectural wall panels are arranged between the other widthwise end of the first architectural wall panel and the one widthwise end of the third architectural wall panel; and the plurality of architectural wall panels are installed sequentially so that the ends of adjacent architectural wall panels are joined together with the metal joint (abstract excerpt)."

[0003] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2019-132126

[0004] The technology disclosed in Patent Document 1 has the problem that adjacent architectural wall panels must be aligned and fixed with metal fittings while maintaining their positions so as not to shift, which makes construction time-consuming.

[0005] The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems and current circumstances, and aims to provide an exterior wall structure of a building that can simplify construction work, a building having such an exterior wall structure, and a method for constructing an exterior wall of a building.

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has the configurations described in the claims. For example, the present invention is an exterior wall structure of a building, comprising at least one exterior wall panel, a plurality of brackets, and at least one rail made of an elongated member, wherein each of the brackets is fixed to a building frame at horizontal intervals, the rail is supported by each of the brackets, the exterior wall panel has a fitting structure with the rail, and each exterior wall panel is attached to the frame via the rail and the bracket by fitting the fitting structure of the exterior wall panel with the rail.

[0007] The present invention is also characterized in that it is a building comprising the above-mentioned exterior wall structure.

[0008] Furthermore, the exterior wall construction method for a building according to the present invention includes the steps of fixing a plurality of brackets to the building body at horizontal intervals, fixing rails consisting of elongated members to each of the brackets, and engaging a fitting structure provided on the exterior wall panel with the rails and sliding the exterior wall panel along the longitudinal direction of the rails.

[0009] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an exterior wall structure of a building that can simplify construction work, a building having such an exterior wall structure, and a method for constructing an exterior wall of a building. Note that the objects, configurations, and effects other than those described above will be made clear in the following embodiments.

[0010] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the exterior of a building having an exterior wall structure according to this embodiment. FIG. 2 is a front view of the face of the building in FIG. 1 facing the first beam. FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a bracket and a rail. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing an example of construction for fixing a rail to a bracket. FIG. 5 is a view showing the fixing structure between the bracket and the rail. FIG. 6 is a view showing the mounting positions of an end bracket and an intermediate bracket in a building. FIG. 7 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing the mounting portions of the bracket, rail, and exterior wall panel. FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing the fitted state of the end bracket and the rail. FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing the fitted state of the intermediate bracket and the rail. FIG. 10 is a view showing an example in which the exterior wall structure according to this embodiment is applied to a concrete building.

[0011] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The same components are designated by the same reference numerals throughout the drawings, and redundant explanations will be omitted.

[0012] (Exterior Wall Structure) Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the exterior of a building having an exterior wall structure according to this embodiment. Fig. 2 is a front view of the building in Fig. 1 from the first beam side.

[0013] 1 is constructed of a rigid-frame structure in which a skeleton is formed using columns 2 and beams 3. The building 1 is illustrated as having three floors, but the number of floors is not limited to this.

[0014] The exterior wall structure 10 has at least one rail 40 attached to the frame for each floor, and the exterior wall is formed by sliding multiple exterior wall panels horizontally along the rail 40. In Figure 1, each arrow indicates the sliding direction.

[0015] For example, on the first beam side 4 of the building 1, four exterior wall panels 20c-1, 20c-2, 20c-3, and 20c-4 are arranged horizontally to form the exterior wall of the third floor. On the first beam side 4, four panels are arranged horizontally for each floor, and these are stacked for three floors, i.e., three levels, to form the exterior wall using a total of 12 exterior wall panels.

[0016] The exterior wall panels 20c-2 and 20c-4 are formed as wall panels having windows 28.

[0017] As shown in Figure 2, a plurality of brackets 30a-1, 30a-2 are fixed at intervals along the horizontal direction below the first floor 5 of the skeleton to support rail 40a. A plurality of brackets 30b-1, 30b-2 are fixed at intervals along the horizontal direction between the first floor ceiling of the skeleton and the second floor 6 to support rail 40b. A plurality of brackets 30c-1, 30c-2 are fixed at intervals along the horizontal direction between the second floor ceiling of the skeleton and the third floor 7 to support rail 40c. A plurality of brackets 30d-1, 30d-2 are fixed at intervals along the horizontal direction between the third floor ceiling of the skeleton and the rooftop floor 8 to support rail 40d.

[0018] Exterior wall panels 20a-1, 20a-2, and 20a-3 that make up the exterior wall of the first floor are slid into position along rails 40a and 40b. Similarly, exterior wall panels 20b-1, 20b-2, and 20b-3 that make up the exterior wall of the second floor are slid into position along rails 40b and 40c. Furthermore, exterior wall panels 20c-1, 20c-2, and 20c-3 that make up the exterior wall of the third floor are slid into position along rails 40c and 40d.

[0019] Each of the exterior wall panels 20a-1, 20a-2, 20a-3, ..., 20c-2, 20c-3 has an interlocking structure for engaging with the rails 40a, 40b, 40c, respectively. This interlocking structure has two main forms: a structure that uses hooks that interlock with the rails 40, and a structure that forms grooves that fit into the rails 40. The details of the interlocking structure will be described later.

[0020] Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a bracket and a rail, Fig. 4 is an explanatory view showing an example of fixing a rail to a bracket, and Fig. 5 is a view showing a fixing structure between the bracket and the rail.

[0021] 3 has a rectangular flange 31 and an L-shaped piece 32 protruding from the surface of the flange 31 facing the rail 40. Bolt holes 33 are formed in the four corners of the flange 31. A bolt hole 34 is formed in the end of the L-shaped piece 32 opposite the flange 31.

[0022] The rail 40 has a rail body 41 made of a long plate-like member, and a plate-like protruding piece 42 protruding from the surface of the rail body 41 facing the bracket 30. A bolt hole 44 is formed in the protruding piece 42.

[0023] As shown in Fig. 4, the rail body 41 has at least one, preferably multiple, protruding pieces 42 spaced apart along the longitudinal direction. The rail 40 and bracket 30 are positioned such that the rail body 41 abuts against the L-shaped piece 32 while aligning the bolt holes 44 and 34. Then, as shown in Fig. 5, the rail 40 is connected to the bracket 30 by fastening the bolt holes 44 and 34 with bolts 91 and nuts 92 and 93. This fixes the rail 40 to the frame via the bracket 30.

[0024] The brackets 30 include end brackets 30A used at the upper and lower ends of the exterior walls, and intermediate brackets 30B used on intermediate floors where wall panels are continuous in the vertical direction. The end brackets 30A are brackets for supporting the rails 40 that engage with the hooks 22. The intermediate brackets 30B are brackets for supporting the rails 40 that are inserted into the grooves 21. Therefore, the L-shaped piece 32A of the end brackets 30A is formed shorter than the L-shaped piece 32B of the intermediate brackets 30B.

[0025] Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the mounting positions of the end bracket and intermediate bracket in a building. Fig. 7 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing the mounting portion of the bracket, rail, and exterior wall panel. Fig. 8 is a perspective view showing the mating state of the end bracket and rail. Fig. 9 is a perspective view showing the mating state of the intermediate bracket and rail.

[0026] In the steel-framed building shown in Fig. 6, the beams are made of H-shaped steel. Therefore, as shown in Fig. 7, end brackets 30A are fixed to webs 70w of H-shaped steel 70 supporting the first floor 5 using bolts 70B. Similarly, end brackets 30A are fixed to webs 72w of H-shaped steel 72 supporting the rooftop floor 8 using bolts 72B.

[0027] In addition, the intermediate bracket 30B is fixed to the web 71w of the H-shaped steel 71 supporting the second floor 7 using a bolt 71B.

[0028] The exterior wall panel 20A on the first floor has its lower end protruding below the first floor 5. Therefore, a hook 22 is provided at the lower end of the exterior wall panel 20A as a fitting structure. Similarly, the upper end of the exterior wall panel 20B constituting the exterior wall of the top floor (the second floor in FIG. 6 ) has a hook 22 as a fitting structure so that it protrudes above the roof floor 8 of the building 1. In the example of FIG. 6 , two hooks 22, 22 are provided on each of the exterior wall panels 20A, 20B, spaced apart in the horizontal direction.

[0029] 8, the rail body 41 fixed to the end bracket 30A is hooked onto the hooks 22, 22 of the exterior wall panel 20A. Then, as needed, the rail body 41 is slid along the longitudinal direction. This allows the exterior wall panel 20A to be attached to the building frame. The same applies to the exterior wall panel 20B.

[0030] On the other hand, grooves 21 into which the rails 40 are inserted are formed as fitting structures at the locations where the exterior wall panels are joined to other exterior wall panels in the vertical direction, i.e., at the upper end surface of the exterior wall panel 20A on the first floor and at the lower end surface of the exterior wall panel 20B on the second floor. The grooves 21 are formed as recesses into which the rail bodies 41 can be inserted in the horizontal direction.

[0031] 9, the rail body 41 fixed to the intermediate bracket 30B is fitted into the groove 21 of the exterior wall panel 20A. Then, as needed, the rail body 41 is slid along the longitudinal direction. This allows the exterior wall panel 20A to be attached to the building frame. The same applies to the exterior wall panel 20B.

[0032] This allows the rail 40 to be accommodated in the groove 21 formed on the upper end surface of the first floor exterior wall panel 20A and the lower end surface of the second floor exterior wall panel 20B, making it easier for the upper end surfaces of the first floor exterior wall panel 20A and the second floor exterior wall panel 20B to abut against each other.

[0033] 7, the hooks 22 are provided so as to protrude from the inner surfaces of the exterior wall panels 20A, 20B toward the building frame. Meanwhile, the grooves 21 are formed within the wall thickness of the exterior wall panels 20A, 20B. Therefore, the hooks 22 fit into the rails 40 at least at a distance closer to the building frame than the grooves 21.

[0034] Although the above description has been given using a rigid-frame building as an example, the exterior wall structure according to this embodiment can also be applied to a concrete building. Figure 10 is a diagram showing an example in which the exterior wall structure according to this embodiment is applied to a concrete building.

[0035] As shown in Figure 10, end brackets 30A are fixed to a concrete floor 81 forming the ground floor and a concrete floor 83 forming the rooftop floor using anchors 84. Also, intermediate brackets 30B are fixed to a concrete floor 82 forming the intermediate floor using anchors 84. The rest of the structure is the same as the building section of the rigid frame structure described above.

[0036] (Construction Method) An example of a construction method for the above exterior wall structure will be described. Step 1: A plurality of end brackets 30A or a plurality of intermediate brackets 30B are arranged horizontally at intervals and fixed to the building frame. Step 2: A rail 40 is fixed to the end brackets 30A or intermediate brackets 30B. Step 3: The grooves 21 or hooks 22 of the exterior wall panels 20A, 20B are engaged with the rail body 41, and the rail body 41 is slid in the axial direction as necessary. When forming the exterior wall of a building by arranging a plurality of exterior wall panels horizontally, the plurality of exterior wall panels 20A, 20B are sequentially slid horizontally and arranged. Furthermore, if it is necessary to arrange them vertically, the fitting structures of the exterior wall panels 20A, 20B are engaged and attached to the rail 40 on each floor.

[0037] In this embodiment, since each exterior wall panel is supported by a rail, there is no need to stack the exterior wall panels sequentially from the lower floors to the upper floors. For example, the exterior wall panels on the second floor can be installed before the exterior wall panels on the first floor, which has the advantage of increasing the flexibility of the construction procedure.

[0038] In addition, each exterior wall panel is not a load-bearing wall, so by incorporating windows into the exterior wall panels, the degree of freedom in window installation positioning can be increased.

[0039] The above-described embodiments do not limit the present invention, and various modifications that do not depart from the spirit of the present invention are included in the present invention.

[0040] For example, the exterior wall panel may be attached using end brackets and hooks even at locations where the exterior wall panel abuts in the height direction.

[0041] Furthermore, the exterior wall panels may also be attached to the ends of the building in the height direction using intermediate brackets and grooves.

[0042] Furthermore, the number of elements such as hooks and brackets is not limited to the above.

[0043] DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1: Building 2: Column 3: Beam 4: First beam direction surface 8: Rooftop floor 10: Exterior wall structure 20A, 20B, 20a-1, 20b-1, 20c-1, 20c-2: Exterior wall panel 21: Groove 22: Hook 28: Window 30: Bracket 30A: End bracket 30B: Intermediate bracket 30a-1, 30b-1, 30c-1, 30d-1: Bracket 31: Flange 32, 32A, 32B: L-shaped piece 33, 34: Bolt hole 40, 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d: Rail 41: Rail body 42: Protruding piece 44: Bolt hole 70, 71, 72: H-shaped steel 70B, 71B, 72B : Bolt 70w, 71w, 72w : Web 81, 82, 83 : Concrete floor 84 : Anchor 91 : Bolt 92, 93 : Nut

Claims

1. An exterior wall structure of a building, At least one exterior wall panel; A plurality of brackets; a rail consisting of at least one elongated member; The brackets are fixed to the building frame at horizontal intervals, The rails are supported by the brackets, The exterior wall panel has a structure for fitting with the rail, Each exterior wall panel is attached to the skeleton via the rail and the bracket by fitting the fitting structure of the exterior wall panel to the rail, The fitting structure is a recessed groove formed horizontally within the wall thickness of the exterior wall panel. The exterior wall structure of a building.

2. The exterior wall structure of a building according to claim 1, An upper floor exterior wall panel that constitutes the exterior wall of the upper floor, and a lower floor exterior wall panel that constitutes the exterior wall of the lower floor immediately below the upper floor, The grooves are formed on the lower end surface of the upper floor exterior wall panel and the upper end surface of the lower floor exterior wall panel, The rail is accommodated in a groove formed in the lower end surface of the upper floor exterior wall panel and the upper end surface of the lower floor exterior wall panel. The exterior wall structure of a building.

3. The exterior wall structure of a building according to claim 2, the engaging structure is a hook that engages with the rail; The hook is fitted into the rail at a distance at least closer to the body side than the recessed groove. The exterior wall structure of a building.

4. A building having the exterior wall structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. a step of fixing the plurality of brackets to a building frame at horizontal intervals; a step of fixing a rail made of an elongated member to each of the brackets; a step of fitting a fitting structure provided on an exterior wall panel to the rail and sliding the exterior wall panel along the longitudinal direction of the rail; In a construction method for the exterior wall of a building including The fitting structure is a recessed groove formed horizontally within the wall thickness of the exterior wall panel. A method for constructing exterior walls of buildings.