Agent for improving plant non-biological stress resistance, method for improving non-biological stress resistance, preparation for improving non-biological stress resistance, product for improving non-biological stress resistance, and plant

Abstract

Provided is an agent for improving plant non-biological stress resistance, the agent being capable of further enhancing the effect of improving the non-biological stress resistance by using a compound, such as ergothioneine. An agent for improving plant non-biological stress resistance according to the present invention contains: a first component, which is a compound represented by formula (I), a tautomer thereof, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof; and a second component, which is at least one substance selected from the group consisting of amino acids, peptides having an amino acid length of 2-10, betaine, organic acids or salts thereof, nucleic acid bases, vitamins, and sugars or sugar alcohols. (In formula (I), each of R1 and R2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms, and each of R3, R4, and R5 independently represents an alkyl group having 1-4 carbon atoms.)

Description

Agent for improving abiotic stress tolerance in plants, method for improving abiotic stress tolerance, formulation for improving abiotic stress tolerance, product for improving abiotic stress tolerance, and plant

[0001] The present invention relates to an agent for improving abiotic stress tolerance in plants, a method for improving abiotic stress tolerance, a formulation for improving abiotic stress tolerance, a product for improving abiotic stress tolerance, and a plant.

[0002] Methods of alleviating abiotic stress by applying chemicals and methods of promoting plant growth and increasing yields have been studied. For example, Patent Document 1 describes that glycine betaine has the effect of alleviating stress on plants caused by insufficient irrigation.

[0003] Furthermore, Patent Document 2 describes that when an aqueous solution of ergothioneine is applied to germinated plants, the plant height increases, the number of flowers and fruits increases, and the seed yield also increases.

[0004] International Publication No. WO 96 / 014749 International Publication No. WO 2021 / 005970

[0005] Abiotic stress is thought to significantly inhibit the expression of plant potential productivity, so it is expected that plant production will increase dramatically by providing biostimulants that eliminate abiotic stress.

[0006] Compounds such as ergothioneine described in Patent Document 2 have effects such as increasing yield, plant height, and the number of seeds, flowers, and fruits. Therefore, these compounds are considered to be the first promising ingredients for plants. However, there is also a need to find a method for further improving the abiotic stress tolerance-improving effect of these compounds and thereby further improving the yield reduction caused by abiotic stress.

[0007] The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and aims to provide an agent for improving plant abiotic stress tolerance that can further enhance the effect of improving abiotic stress tolerance by using a compound such as ergothioneine, a method for improving abiotic stress tolerance using the same, a formulation and product for improving abiotic stress tolerance that includes the same, and plants treated with the same.

[0008] One embodiment of the present invention for solving the above problems relates to an agent for improving abiotic stress tolerance in a plant, a method for improving abiotic stress tolerance, a formulation for improving abiotic stress tolerance, a product for improving abiotic stress tolerance, and a plant, as set forth in the following [1] to [9]: [1] An agent for improving abiotic stress tolerance in a plant, comprising: a first component which is a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof; and a second component which is at least one selected from the group consisting of an amino acid, a peptide having a length of 2 to 10 amino acids, betaine, an organic acid or a salt thereof, a nucleic acid base, a vitamin, and a sugar or a sugar alcohol. (In formula (I), R １ and R ２ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R ３ , R ４ and R ５independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.) [2] The abiotic stress tolerance improver according to [1], wherein the compound represented by formula (I) is ergothioneine. [3] The abiotic stress tolerance improver according to [1] or [2], which, when applied to a plant, improves the plant's tolerance to at least one abiotic stress selected from the group consisting of high temperature stress, low temperature stress, freezing stress, salt stress, excess nutrient stress, drought stress, excess water stress, ultraviolet stress, low light stress, high light stress, excessive pruning stress, trampling stress, hail stress, and strong wind stress. [4] The abiotic stress tolerance improver according to any of [1] to [3], which, when applied to a plant, improves the plant's tolerance to at least one abiotic stress selected from the group consisting of high temperature stress, ultraviolet stress, and excess water stress. [5] The abiotic stress tolerance improver according to any of [1] to [4], wherein the second component comprises an amino acid, and the amino acid is glutamic acid or arginine. [6] A method for improving abiotic stress tolerance in a plant, comprising the steps of: preparing a plant; and treating the plant with the abiotic stress tolerance improver according to any one of [1] to [5]. [7] A formulation for improving abiotic stress tolerance in a plant, comprising: a first component which is a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof; a second component which is at least one selected from the group consisting of an amino acid, a peptide having a length of 2 to 10 amino acids, betaine, an organic acid or a salt thereof, a nucleic acid base, a vitamin, and a sugar or a sugar alcohol; and a liquid carrier or a solid carrier. (In formula (I), R １ and R ２ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R ３ , R ４ and R ５and independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.) [8] A product for improving abiotic stress tolerance in a plant, comprising: a first container containing a first component which is a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof; and a second container containing a second component which is at least one selected from the group consisting of an amino acid, a peptide having a length of 2 to 10 amino acids, betaine, an organic acid or a salt thereof, a nucleic acid base, a vitamin, and a sugar or a sugar alcohol: (In formula (I), R １ and R ２ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R ３ , R ４ and R ５ each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.) [9] A plant that is grown by applying the abiotic stress tolerance improver according to any one of [1] to [5].

[0009] According to the present invention, there are provided an agent for improving plant abiotic stress tolerance that can further enhance the effect of improving abiotic stress tolerance using a compound such as ergothioneine, a method for improving abiotic stress tolerance using the same, a formulation and product for improving abiotic stress tolerance that includes the same, and a plant treated with the same.

[0010] One embodiment of the present invention relates to an agent for improving plant abiotic stress tolerance, comprising: a first component which is a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof; and a second component which is at least one selected from the group consisting of an amino acid, a peptide having a length of 2 to 10 amino acids, betaine, an organic acid or a salt thereof, a nucleic acid base, a vitamin, and a sugar or a sugar alcohol:

[0011] [First Component] The first component is a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof. The abiotic stress tolerance improver may contain only one type of first component or may contain multiple types of first components.

[0012]

[0013] In formula (I), R １ and R ２ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R ３ , R ４ and R ５ each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

[0014] R １ ~R ５ The alkyl group that R can take may be linear or branched. １ ~R ５ Examples of the alkyl group that can be taken include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group and a tert-butyl group.

[0015] R １ and R ２ At least one of R is preferably a hydrogen atom, and more preferably both are hydrogen atoms. １ and R ２ When is an alkyl group, it is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group, more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and even more preferably a methyl group.

[0016] R ３ , R ４ and R ５ are preferably independently a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group, more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and even more preferably a methyl group. ３ , R ４ and R ５ Preferably, at least one of the groups is a methyl group, more preferably at least two of the groups are methyl groups, and even more preferably all of the groups are methyl groups.

[0017] The compound of formula (I) is R １ and R ２ When at least one of R is a hydrogen atom, the compound represented by formula (I) has tautomers. ２When R is a hydrogen atom, the compound represented by the following formula (II) is a tautomer. １ is a hydrogen atom, the compound has the following tautomer, which is represented by formula (III): In this specification, when simply referring to "tautomer", it means both the compound represented by formula (II) and the compound represented by formula (III).

[0018]

[0019] In formulas (II) and (III), R １ ~R ５ is R in formula (I). １ ~R ５ is the same as

[0020] Generally, in a solution, the compound represented by formula (I) and the compound represented by formula (II) or formula (III) can exist in equilibrium. The ratio of the compound represented by formula (I) to the compound represented by formula (II) or formula (III) can vary depending on the solvent, temperature, pH, etc.

[0021] The compound of formula (I) or a tautomer thereof is preferably ergothioneine, more preferably L-(+)-ergothioneine.

[0022] These compounds may be commercially available or may be synthesized by techniques well known to those skilled in the art, such as those described in JP-A-2013-506706 and JP-A-2006-160748. Ergothioneine is also known to be produced by bacteria and fungi. Examples of production methods using such microorganisms include those described in JP-A-2012-105618, JP-A-2014-223051, WO-A-2016 / 104437, WO-A-2016 / 121285, WO-A-2015 / 168112, and WO-A-2017 / 150304. Ergothioneine may be used as a culture containing ergothioneine obtained from these microorganisms, or ergothioneine obtained by concentrating or purifying the culture may be used.

[0023] "Agriculturally acceptable" means safe, non-toxic, and not biologically or otherwise undesirable, and is acceptable for agricultural chemical use, particularly for improving abiotic stress tolerance in plants.

[0024] An "agriculturally acceptable salt" of a compound represented by formula (I) or a tautomer thereof means an agriculturally acceptable salt as defined above that provides the functions and effects of a compound represented by formula (I) or a tautomer thereof. Examples of such salts include hydrates, solvates, acid addition salts, salts formed by replacing an acidic proton present in a compound represented by formula (I) or a tautomer thereof with a metal ion, and salts formed by coordinating the acidic proton with an organic or inorganic base.

[0025] Acid addition salts may be formed with inorganic or organic acids. Examples of inorganic acids include hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid. Examples of organic acids include acetic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, citric acid, ethanesulfonic acid, fumaric acid, glucoheptonic acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, glycolic acid, hydroxynaphthoic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, muconic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, propionic acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, dibenzoyl-L-tartaric acid, tartaric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, trimethylacetic acid, and trifluoroacetic acid.

[0026] Examples of metal ions which can be substituted for the acidic protons present in the compound of formula (I) or its tautomers include alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, and aluminum ions.

[0027] Examples of organic bases that can coordinate with the acidic protons present in the compound of formula (I) or its tautomer include diethanolamine, ethanolamine, N-methylglucamine, triethanolamine, and tromethamine, etc. Examples of inorganic bases that can coordinate with the acidic protons present in the compound of formula (I) or its tautomer include aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and sodium hydroxide, etc.

[0028] The first component is thought to act as a so-called biostimulant (an agent that improves abiotic stress tolerance) that promotes plant growth and alleviates abiotic stress.

[0029] [Second Component] The second component is at least one component selected from the group consisting of amino acids, peptides having a length of 2 to 10 amino acids, betaine, organic acids or salts thereof, nucleic acid bases, vitamins, and sugars or sugar alcohols. These second components significantly enhance the effect of improving the abiotic stress tolerance of plants through a synergistic effect with the first component. The abiotic stress tolerance improver may contain only one type of second component or may contain multiple types.

[0030] The amino acid may be an acidic amino acid, a neutral amino acid, or a basic amino acid. The amino acid may be a polar amino acid or a nonpolar amino acid. The amino acid may also contain sulfur.

[0031] Examples of amino acids include glutamic acid, aspartic acid, histidine, arginine, lysine, glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, proline, serine, glutamine, asparagine, 5-aminolevulinic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, cysteine, methionine, and ornithine. Of these, glutamic acid and arginine are preferred. The abiotic stress tolerance improver may contain only one type of amino acid or multiple types.

[0032] The peptide has a length of 2 to 10 amino acids, preferably 2 to 6 amino acids. The peptide is preferably glutathione, such as oxidized glutathione and reduced glutathione. The abiotic stress tolerance enhancer may contain only one type of peptide or multiple types of peptides.

[0033] The betaine is preferably an N-alkyl-substituted amino acid, more preferably an N-trialkyl-substituted amino acid, and even more preferably an N-trimethyl-substituted amino acid. Examples of betaines include N-alkyl-substituted, preferably N-trialkyl-substituted, and more preferably N-trimethyl-substituted, of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, histidine, arginine, lysine, glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, proline, serine, glutamine, asparagine, 5-aminolevulinic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, cysteine, methionine, and ornithine, as well as carnitine. Preferred examples of betaine include glycine betaine, alanine betaine, and glutamic acid betaine. The abiotic stress tolerance enhancer may contain only one type of betaine or multiple types of betaines.

[0034] Examples of the organic acid include carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids, phenols, and thiols. The abiotic stress tolerance enhancer may contain only one type of organic acid or may contain multiple types of organic acids.

[0035] The carboxylic acid preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The carboxylic acid may be a monocarboxylic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, or a tricarboxylic acid. Specific examples of the carboxylic acid include lactic acid, glycolic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, citric acid, glutaric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, pyruvic acid, and benzoic acid. Of these, acetic acid, citric acid, and maleic acid are preferred.

[0036] Examples of the phenols include phenol and aminophenol.

[0037] Examples of sulfonic acids include methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, propanesulfonic acid, butanesulfonic acid, pentanesulfonic acid, hexanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, and toluenesulfonic acid.

[0038] Examples of the salts of organic acids include alkali metal salts such as sodium salts and lithium salts, and alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium salts and calcium salts of the above-mentioned organic acids.

[0039] From the viewpoint of enhancing the synergistic effect with the first component, the organic acid or its salt is preferably a carboxylic acid or its salt, more preferably a carboxylic acid having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or its salt, and even more preferably acetic acid, citric acid, or maleic acid or its salt.

[0040] A nucleic acid base is a base contained in a nucleotide molecule that constitutes a deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid. Examples of nucleic acid bases include guanine, thymine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine. Among these, guanine, thymine, and uracil are preferred. The abiotic stress tolerance improver may contain only one type of nucleic acid base or multiple types.

[0041] The vitamin may be a fat-soluble vitamin or a water-soluble vitamin. The abiotic stress tolerance improver may contain only one type of vitamin or may contain multiple types of vitamins. When containing multiple types of vitamins, the abiotic stress tolerance improver may contain only multiple types of fat-soluble vitamins, only multiple types of water-soluble vitamins, or both fat-soluble vitamins and water-soluble vitamins.

[0042] Examples of fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins A, D, E, and K. Examples of vitamin D include vitamin D2, D3, and D4. Examples of water-soluble vitamins include B vitamins such as vitamin B1, B2, B6, and B12, as well as vitamin C. Of these, vitamin B1 and D2 are preferred.

[0043] The sugar may be a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, or a polysaccharide. Examples of monosaccharides include glucose, fructose, and galactose. Examples of disaccharides include trehalose, lactose, maltose, and sucrose. Examples of polysaccharides include cellulose and starch.

[0044] Examples of sugar alcohols include mannitol, inositol, erythritol, xylitol, and sorbitol.

[0045] [Improving Abiotic Stress Tolerance] The abiotic stress tolerance enhancer according to this embodiment significantly improves the abiotic stress tolerance of plants due to the synergistic effect of the first and second components as active ingredients. Abiotic stress refers to non-biotic stress that is different from biotic stress such as pests, disease, diseases, weeds, and thinning. Examples of abiotic stress include high temperature stress, low temperature stress, freezing stress, salt stress, excess nutrient stress, drought stress, excess water stress, ultraviolet stress, low light stress, high light stress, excessive pruning stress, trampling stress, hail stress, and strong wind stress. The abiotic stress tolerance enhancer improves the tolerance of plants treated therewith to these abiotic stresses, such as high temperature stress.

[0046] Furthermore, by improving tolerance to abiotic stress, the abiotic stress tolerance improver can also suppress a decrease in plant yield, a decrease in plant height and a decrease in plant height growth rate, a decrease in the number of flowers due to environmental stress, and a decrease in aboveground and belowground weights, all of which are caused by abiotic stress.

[0047] The abiotic stress tolerance enhancer may be used to treat any plant. Examples of the plant include Gramineae such as rice, wheat, barley, rye, oats, triticale (triticale), corn, sorghum, sugarcane, turfgrass, bentgrass, Bermudagrass, fescue, and ryegrass; Legumes such as soybean, peanut, kidney bean, pea, adzuki bean, and alfalfa; Convolvulaceae such as sweet potato; Solanaceae such as capsicum, bell pepper, tomato, eggplant, potato, and tobacco; Polygonaceae such as buckwheat; Asteraceae such as sunflower; Araliaceae such as ginseng; Brassicaceae such as rapeseed, broccoli, Chinese cabbage, turnip, cabbage, arugula, radish, and radish; Chenopodiaceae such as sugar beet; Malvaceae such as cotton; and Rubia such as coffee plants. Family: Sterculiaceae such as cacao; Theaceae such as tea; Cucurbitaceae such as watermelon, melon, cucumber and pumpkin; Liliaceae such as onion, leek and garlic; Rosaceae such as strawberry, apple, almond, apricot, plum, cherry, plum, peach and pear; Umbelliaceae such as carrot; Araceae such as taro; Anacardiaceae such as mango; Bromeliaceae such as pineapple; Papaya family such as papaya; Ebenaceae such as persimmon; Ericaceae such as blueberry; Juglandaceae such as pecan; Musaceae such as banana; Oleaceae such as olive; Palm family such as coconut and date palm; Rutaceae such as mandarin orange, orange, grapefruit and lemon; Vitaceae such as grape; Flowers and ornamental plants; trees other than fruit trees and other ornamental plants.

[0048] Furthermore, the above-mentioned plants may be any of wild plants, plant cultivars, plants and plant cultivars obtained by conventional biological breeding such as crossbreeding or protoplast fusion, and genetically modified plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering. Examples of genetically modified plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering include herbicide-resistant crops, pest-resistant crops incorporating insecticidal protein-producing genes, disease-resistant crops incorporating disease-resistance inducer-producing genes, crops with improved eating quality, crops with improved yield, crops with improved storability, and crops with improved yield. Examples of genetically modified plant cultivars approved in various countries include the various varieties stored in the database of the International Society for the Advancement of Agriculture (ISAA). Specifically: AgriSure, AgriSure 3000GT, AgriSure 3122 EZ Refuge, AgriSure 3122 Refuge Renew, AgriSure Artesian 3030A, AgriSure Artesian 3011A, AgriSure Duracade, AgriSure Duracade 5222 EZ Refuge, AgriSure GT, AgriSure GT / CB / LL, AgriSure RW, AgriSure Viptera 3110, AgriSure Viptera 3111, AgriSure Viptera 3220 EZ Refuge, AgriSure Viptera 3220 Refuge Renew, BiteGard, Bollgard, Bollgard II, Bollgard II / Roundup Ready, Bollgard 3 XtendFlex Cotton, Bollgard Cotton, Bollgard / Roundup Ready Cotton, Bt, Bt / BXN Cotton, Bt Maize, BtXtra, BXN, BXN Canola, BXN Cotton, Clearfield, DroughtGard, Enlist, Enlist Cotton, Enlist WideStrike 3 Cotton, Genuity, Genuity Bollgard II XtendFlex, Genuity Intacta RR2 Pro, GenuitySmartStax、GenuitySmartStax RIB Complete、Genuity VT Double Pro、Genuity VT Double Pro RIB Complete、Genuity VT Triple Pro、Genuity VT Triple Pro RIB Complete、GlyTol、GlyTol Cotton、Herculex、Herculex 1、Herculex RW、Herculex XTRA、IMI、IMI Canola、InVigor、KnockOut、Liberty Link、Liberty Link Conola、Liberty Link cotton、NatureGard、Newleaf、Nucotn、Optimum、Optimum AcreMax、Optimum AcreMax I、Optimum AcreMax-R、Optimum AcreMax RW、Optimum AcreMax RW-R、Optimum AcreMax Xtra-R、Optimum AcreMax Xtreme-R、Optimum AcreMax Xtreme、Optimum Intrasect、Optimum Intrasect Xtra、Optimum Intrasect Xtreme、Optimum Leptra、Optimum TRIsect、Poast Compatible、Powercore、Powercore Corn、Powercore Corn Refuge Advanced、Protecta、Roundup Ready、Roundup Ready 2、Roundup Ready Conola、Roundup Ready Cotton、Roundup Ready Xtend、Roundup Ready / YieldGard、RR Flex / Bollgard II、SCS、SmartStax、SmartStax Refuge Advanced、StarLink、Twinlink、VipCot、VipCot Cotton、WideStrike、WideStrike3、YieldGard、YieldGard Corn Borner、YieldGard Rootworm、YieldGard PlusおよびYieldGard VTThis includes trademarks such as Triple.

[0049] [Other Components] The first and second components contain the first and second components as active ingredients, and can be marketed as formulations in various dosage forms together with other adjuvants or other active ingredients. The active ingredients themselves may be formulated, or they may be formulated in various dosage forms together with other adjuvants or other active ingredients. The dosage form is not particularly limited and may be selected depending on the treatment method. Examples of dosage forms include dusts, granules, powders, wettable powders, water-soluble powders, emulsions, solutions, oils, aerosols, microcapsules, pastes, liniments, fumigants, fumigants, and microdusts.

[0050] (Adjuvants) Examples of the adjuvants include carriers, surfactants and other adjuvants.

[0051] The carrier may be a solid carrier or a liquid carrier.

[0052] Examples of solid carriers include minerals such as clay, talc, diatomaceous earth, zeolite (boiling stone), montmorillonite, bentonite, kaolinite, kaolin, pyrophyllite, rosewood, acid clay, activated clay, attapulgite, attapulgus clay, limestone, calcite, marble, vermiculite, perlite, pumice, silica stone, silica sand, sericite (sericite), and pottery stone; synthetic organic substances such as urea; salts such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride, hydrated lime, and sodium bicarbonate; amorphous silica (white carbon, fumed silica, etc.); These include various powdered and granular carriers, such as synthetic inorganic materials such as titanium oxide, plant-based carriers such as wood flour, corn stalks (cobs), walnut shells (nut husks), fruit kernels, rice husks, coconut shells, sawdust, bran, soybean flour, powdered cellulose, starch, dextrin, and sugars (lactose, sucrose, etc.), and various polymeric carriers such as cross-linked lignin, cationic gels, gelatin that gels with heat or polyvalent metal salts, water-soluble polymer gels (agar, etc.), chlorinated polyethylene, chlorinated polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers, and urea / aldehyde resins.

[0053] Examples of liquid carriers include aliphatic solvents such as paraffins (normal paraffin, isoparaffin, naphthene), aromatic solvents such as xylene, alkylbenzene, alkylnaphthalene, and solvent naphtha, mixed solvents such as kerosene, machine oils such as refined high-boiling aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, and cyclohexanol, polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, hexylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol, polyhydric alcohol derivatives such as propylene glycol ethers, acetone, acetophenone, cyclohexane ... ketones such as cyclohexanone, methylcyclohexanone, and γ-butyrolactone; esters such as fatty acid methyl esters (coconut oil fatty acid methyl esters), ethylhexyl lactate, propylene carbonate, and dibasic acid methyl esters (dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutamate, dimethyl adipate); nitrogen-containing solvents such as N-alkylpyrrolidones and acetonitrile; sulfur-containing solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide; oils and fats such as coconut oil, soybean oil, and rapeseed oil; amide solvents such as dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethyloctanamide, N,N-dimethyldecanamide, 5-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-5-oxo-valeric acid methyl ester, and N-acylmorpholine solvents (CAS No. 887947-29-7, etc.); and water.

[0054] As the surfactant, various surfactants such as nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, silicone surfactants, fluorine-based surfactants and biosurfactants can be used.

[0055] Examples of the nonionic surfactants include sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene resin acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty acid diesters, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene dialkylphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether formalin condensates, polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymers, alkyl polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer ethers, alkyl phenyl polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylamines, polyoxyethylene fatty acid amides, polyoxyethylene fatty acid bisphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene benzylphenyl (or phenylphenyl) ethers, polyoxyethylene styrylphenyl (or phenylphenyl) ethers, polyoxyethylene castor oil, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, and alkyl glycosides.

[0056] Examples of the anionic surfactant include sulfates such as alkyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether sulfate, polyoxyethylene benzyl (or styryl)phenyl (or phenylphenyl) ether sulfate, and polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer sulfate, paraffin (alkane) sulfonate, α-olefin sulfonate, dialkyl sulfosuccinate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, mono- or dialkylnaphthalene sulfonate, naphthalene sulfonate-formalin condensate, alkyldiphenyl ether disulfonate, lignin sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ... Examples of suitable carboxylic acids include sulfonates such as polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether sulfonate and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfosuccinic acid half ester, carboxylates such as fatty acids, resin acids, polycarboxylic acids, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkenyl succinic acids, N-acyl amino acids and naphthenic acids, and phosphates such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene mono- or dialkyl phenyl ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene benzyl (or styryl) phenyl (or phenylphenyl) ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer phosphate and alkyl phosphate.

[0057] Examples of the cationic surfactant include salts of amines such as alkylamines and alkylpentamethylpropylenediamines, and salts of ammoniums such as alkyltrimethylammonium, methylpolyoxyethylenealkylammonium, alkylpyridinium, mono- or di-alkylmethylated ammonium, alkyldimethylbenzalkonium, and benzethonium (octylphenoxyethoxyethyldimethylbenzylammonium).

[0058] Examples of the amphoteric surfactant include dialkyldiaminoethyl betaine, alkyldimethylbenzyl betaine, and lecithin (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, etc.).

[0059] Examples of the silicone surfactant include trisiloxane ethoxylate.

[0060] Examples of the fluorosurfactant include perfluoroalkyl carboxylates, perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, and perfluoroalkyl trimethylammonium salts.

[0061] Examples of the biosurfactants include sophorolipid, rhamnolipid, trehalose lipid, mannosylalditol lipid, cellobiose lipid, glucose lipid, oligosaccharide fatty acid ester, spiculesporic acid, corynomycolic acid, agaritic acid, surfactin, cerawettin, viscosin, lykensin, arthrofactin, emulsan, and alasan.

[0062] Examples of other adjuvants include inorganic salts (sodium, potassium, etc.) used as pH adjusters, water-soluble salts such as table salt, xanthan gum, guar gum, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxyvinyl polymers, acrylic polymers, polyvinyl alcohol, starch derivatives, water-soluble polymers (polysaccharides, etc.), alginic acid and its salts, etc. used as thickeners, metal stearates, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, etc. used as disintegrating and dispersing agents, benzoic acid and its salts, sorbic acid and its salts, propionic acid and its salts, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, 1,2-benzothiazolin-3-one, etc. used as preservatives, and supplements. These include sodium polyphosphate, sodium polyacrylate, sodium lignosulfonate, sodium citrate, gluconate / sodium glucoheptanoate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and its disodium salt or ammonium salt, etc., which are used as colorants, pigments, dyes, etc., which are used as colorants, fluorine-based antifoaming agents, silicone-based antifoaming agents, ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers, etc., which are used as antioxidants, phenol-based antioxidants, amine-based antioxidants, sulfur-based antioxidants, phosphoric acid-based antioxidants, etc., which are used as ultraviolet absorbers, salicylic acid-based ultraviolet absorbers, benzophenone-based ultraviolet absorbers, etc., which are used as ultraviolet absorbers, quicklime, magnesium oxide, etc., which are used as desiccants, as well as spreading agents and phytotoxicity safeners, etc.

[0063] (Other active ingredients) Examples of other active ingredients include active ingredients contained in biostimulants, plant growth regulators, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides and herbicides.In addition, by using other biostimulants in combination with the first component and the second component, it is also possible to further improve the tolerance to abiotic stress and further enhance the growth promotion effect.

[0064] Examples of the biostimulants include seaweed extract, corn extract, microalgae, mycorrhizal fungi, humic acid, fulvic acid, oxidized glutathione, L-proline, glycine betaine, 5-aminolevulinic acid, 2-hexenal, trehalose, silicic acid, nicotinic acid, acetic acid, and ethanol.

[0065] Examples of the plant growth regulator include aminoethoxyvinylglycine, chlormequat, chlorpropham, cyclanilide, dikegulac, daminozide, ethephon, flurprimidol, flumetralin, forchlorfenuron, gibberellin, mepiquat chloride, methylcyclopropene, benzylaminopurine, paclobutrazol, prohexadione, thidiazuron, tributyl phosphorotrithioate, trinexapac-ethyl, uniconazole, sodium 1-naphthaleneacetate, 1-methylpropanol ... -naphthylacetamide, 1-methylcyclopropene, 4-CPA (4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid), MCPB (ethyl 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxybutyrate), isoprothiolane, indolebutyric acid, ethychlozate, calcium formate, chlormequat, choline, cyanamide, dichlorprop, decyl alcohol, sorbitan trioleate, nicosulfuron, pyraflufen-ethyl, butruarin, prohydrojasmone, anicifluprine, and pendimethalin.

[0066] Examples of the fungicides include nucleic acid synthesis metabolic inhibitors, fungicides acting on the cytoskeleton and motor proteins, respiratory inhibitors, amino acid / protein biosynthesis inhibitors, signal transduction inhibitors, lipid biosynthesis or transport / cell membrane structure or function inhibitors, cell membrane sterol biosynthesis inhibitors, cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors, melanin biosynthesis inhibitors, host plant resistance inducers, multi-site fungicides, and biological pesticides / biologically derived pesticides with multiple mechanisms of action.

[0067] Specific examples of the nucleic acid synthesis metabolic inhibitor include benalaxyl, benalaxyl M or chiralaxyl, furalaxyl, metalaxyl, metalaxyl M or mefenoxam, ofurace, oxadixyl, bupirimate, dimethirimol, ethirimol, hydroxyisoxazole, octhilinone, and oxolinic acid.

[0068] Examples of fungicides that act on the cytoskeleton and motor proteins include benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole, thiabendazole, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl, diethofencarb, ethaboxam, pencycuron, zoxamide, fluopicolide, fluopimomide, fenamacril, metrafenone, and pyriophenone.

[0069] Examples of such respiratory inhibitors include diflumetrim, fenazaquin, tolfenpyrad, benodanil, benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, flubeneteram, fluindapyr, fluopyram, flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, inpirfluxam, isofetamide, isoflucipram, isopyrazam, mepronil, oxycarboxin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, pydiflumetofen, pyrapropoin, pyraziflumid, sedaxane, thifluzamide, azoxystrobin, cumoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestrobin, enoxastrobin, famoxadone, and phenamide. These include phenaminestrobin, flufenoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, mandestrobin, metominostrobin, methyltetraprole, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyroxystrobin, pyribencarb, triclopyricarb, trifloxystrobin, amisulbrom, cyazofamid, fenpicoxamide, florylpicoxamide, methallylpicoxamide, binapacryl, dinocap, fluazinam, meptyldinocap, triphenyltin acetate, triphenyltin chloride, triphenyltin hydroxide, silthiofam, and ametoctrazine.

[0070] Examples of the amino acid / protein biosynthesis inhibitors include cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil, blasticidin S, kasugamycin, streptomycin, and oxytetracycline.

[0071] Examples of the signal transduction inhibitors include proquinazid, quinoxyfen, fludioxonil, chlozolinate, dimethaclon, fenpiclonil, iprodione, procymidone, and vinclozolin.

[0072] Examples of the lipid biosynthesis or transport / cell membrane structure or function inhibitors include edifenphos (EDDP), iprobenfos (IBP), isoprothiolane, pyrazophos, biphenyl, chloroneb, dicloran (CNA), etridiazole, quintozene (PCNB), tecnazene (TCNB), tolclofos-methyl, iodocarb, propamocarb, prothiocarb, tea tree extract, vegetable oil mixture (eugenol, geraniol, thymol), natamycin (pimaricin), fluoxapiprolin, and oxathiapiprolin.

[0073] Examples of inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis in the cell membrane include azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluoxythioconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imazalil, imibenconazole, ipconazole, ipfentrifluconazole, mefentrifluconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, pefurazoate, penconazole, prochloraz, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triflumizole, triticonazole, fenarimol, nuarimol, pyrifenol, oxaloxazole, pyrisoxazole, triforine, methyl (2RS)-2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propanoate, 1-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methylcyclopentan-1-ol, methyl 2-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-hydroxy-1-methylcyclopentane-1-carboxylate, aldimorph, dodemorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, piperalin, spiroxamine, fenhexamid, fenpyrazamine, pyributicarb, naftifine, and terbinafine.

[0074] Examples of the cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors include polyoxin, benthiavalicarb (benthiavalicarb isopropyl), dimethomorph, flumorph, iprovalicarb, mandipropamid, pyrimorph, and valifenalate.

[0075] Examples of the melanin biosynthesis inhibitors include fthalide, pyroquilon, tricyclazole, carpropamid, diclocymet, fenoxanil, and tolprocarb.

[0076] Examples of the resistance inducer for the host plant include acibenzolar-S-methyl, probenazole, tiadinil, isotianil, laminarin, giant knotweed extract, Bacillus mycoides isolate J, cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain LAS117, fosetyl (fosetyl-aluminum, fosetyl potassium, fosetyl sodium), phosphoric acid, phosphate salts, and diclobentiazox.

[0077] Examples of multi-site fungicides include ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, propineb, thiuram, zinc thiazole, zineb, ziram, ambam, anilazine, dithianon, dichlofluanid, tolylfluanid, guazatine, iminoctadine acetate, iminoctadine albesilate, copper or various copper salts (e.g., basic copper chloride, cupric hydroxide, basic copper sulfate, copper sulfate, organic copper (oxine copper), copper nonylphenolsulfonate, DBEDC, etc.), sulfur, captan, captafol, folpet, TPN (chlorothalonil), quinoxalines (quinomethionate), fluorimide, and metasulfocarb.

[0078] Examples of biopesticides / biological pesticides having multiple modes of action include Bacillus subtilis AFS032321 strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB24 strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBI600 strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D747 strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens F727 strain, Clonostachys rosea CR-7 strain, and Gliocladium catenarata. Examples of suitable extracts include extracts from Trichoderma atroviride strain J1446, Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain AFS009, Streptomyces griseoviridis strain K61, Streptomyces lidicus strain WYEC108, Trichoderma atroviride strain I-1237, Trichoderma atroviride strain LU132, Trichoderma atroviride strain SC1, Trichoderma asperellum strain T34, Swainglea glutinosa, and extracts from cotyledons of lupin seedlings.

[0079] Other examples of compounds for fungicide use include chlorinconazid, seboxylamine, flumethylsulfolim, flufenoxadiazam, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, diclomedine, dipimethitron, dodine, fenitropan, ferimzone, flusulfamide, flutianil, harpin, inorganic salts (bicarbonates (sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate), potassium carbonate), ipflufenoquin, quinoprol, natural product origin, machine oil, organic oil, picarbutrazox, pyridaclomethyl, quinofumelin, tebufloquine, tecloftalam (bactericide), triazoxide, validamycin, aminopyrifen, and shiitake mushroom mycelium extract.

[0080] Examples of such insecticides include acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, GABA-gated chloride channel blockers, sodium channel modulators, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators, glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators, juvenile hormone analogs, other non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors, chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators, mite growth inhibitors acting on CHS1, microbial-derived insect midgut membrane disruptors, mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors, oxidative phosphorylation uncouplers that disrupt the proton gradient ... nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) These include cholinergic receptor (nAChR) channel blockers, chitin biosynthesis inhibitors acting on CHS1, chitin biosynthesis inhibitors (type 1), molting inhibitors (Diptera), molting hormone (ecdysone) receptor agonists, octopamine receptor agonists, mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III inhibitors, mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I inhibitors (METI), voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors, mitochondrial electron transport chain complex IV inhibitors, mitochondrial electron transport chain complex II inhibitors, ryanodine receptor modulators, chordotonal organ modulators, GABA-gated chloride ion channel allosteric modulators, and baculovirus.

[0081] Specific examples of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors include alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, NAC (carbaryl), carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, BPMC (fenobucarb), fenothiocarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, MIPC (isoprocarb), methiocarb, methomyl, MTMC (metolcarb), oxamyl, pirimicarb, PHC (propoxur), thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC, MPMC (xylylcarb), Rub), acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyphos, CVP (chlorfenvinphos), chlormephos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, CYAP (cyanophos), demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, DDVP (dichlorvos), dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, ethylthiometon (disulfoton), EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, fenflur, fenamiphos, MEP (fenitrothion), MPP (fenthion), fosthiazate, heptenophos, imicyaphos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, DMTP (methidathion), mevinphos, monocrotophos, BRP (naled), omethoate, oxydemeton methyl, parathion, methyl parathion (parathion methyl), PAP (phenthoate), phorate, phosalone, PMP (phosmet), phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos methyl, profenofos, propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, CVMP (tetrachlorvinphos), thiometon, triazophos, DEP (trichlorfon), and vamidothion.

[0082] Examples of the GABA-gated chloride ion channel blockers include chlordane, benzoepine (endosulfan), dienochlor, ethiprole, fipronil, pyriprole, and nicofluprole.

[0083] Examples of such sodium channel modulators include acrinathrin, allethrin (allethrin, d-cis-trans-, d-trans-isomers), bifenthrin, bioallethrin (bioallethrin, S-cyclopentenyl-isomer), bioresmethrin, chloroprallethrin, chlorfenthrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin (cyfluthrin, β-isomer), cyhalothrin (cyhalothrin, λ-, γ-isomers), cypermethrin (cypermethrin, α-, β-, θ-, ζ-isomers), cyphenothrin [(1R)-trans isomer], deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, empenthrin [(EZ)-(1R)-isomer], esfenvalerate, etofenprox, flumethrin ... Examples of such insecticides include fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flubrocythrinate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, fluvalinate (τ-fluvalinate), halfenprox, imiprothrin, kadesrin, metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon metofluthrin, epsilon momfluorothrin, permethrin, fenothrin [(1R)-trans isomer], prallethrin, profluthrin, pyrethrins, resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, phthalthrin (tetramethrin), tetramethrin [(1R)-isomer], tralomethrin, transfluthrin, DDT, methoxychlor, aldrin, dieldrin, and lindane (lindane).

[0084] Examples of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators include acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, nicotine sulfate (nicotine), sulfoxaflor, flupyradifurone, dichloromezothiaz, phenmezodithiaz, and triflumezopyrim.

[0085] Examples of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators include spinetoram, spinosad, flupirimine, and GS-omega / kappa HXTX-Hv1a peptide.

[0086] Examples of the glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators include abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin, and milbemectin.

[0087] Examples of the juvenile hormone mimetics include hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene, fenoxycarb, and pyriproxyfen.

[0088] Examples of the above and other non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors include methyl bromide, other alkyl halides, chloropicrin, sodium aluminum fluoride, sulfuryl fluoride, borax, boric acid, disodium octaborate, sodium metaborate, tartar emetic, dazomet, carbam (metam ammonium salt), metam sodium salt, and methyl isothiocyanate (methyl isothiocyanate).

[0089] Examples of such chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators include pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazone, and afidopiropen.

[0090] Examples of the acarid growth inhibitors acting on CHS1 include clofentezine, diflobidazine, hexythiazox, and etoxazole.

[0091] Examples of the insect midgut membrane disrupting agent derived from a microorganism include Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis, B.t. These include proteins found in crops (Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Bb, Cry34Ab1 / Cry35Ab1) and Bacillus sphaericus.

[0092] Examples of the mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors include diafenthiuron, azocyclotin, tricyclohexyltin hydroxide (cyhexatin), fenbutatin oxide, BPPS (propargite), and tetradifon.

[0093] Examples of oxidative phosphorylation uncouplers that disrupt the proton gradient include chlorfenapyr, DNOC, and sulfluramide.

[0094] Examples of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers include bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam, thiosultap sodium salt, and monosultap.

[0095] Examples of the chitin biosynthesis inhibitors acting on CHS1 include bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, and triflumuron.

[0096] Examples of the chitin biosynthesis inhibitor (type 1) include buprofezin.

[0097] Examples of the molting inhibitors (Diptera) include cyromazine.

[0098] Examples of the molting hormone (ecdysone) receptor agonists include chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, and tebufenozide.

[0099] Examples of the octopamine receptor agonists include amitraz.

[0100] Examples of the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III inhibitor include hydramethylnon, acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim, flupiroxystrobin, and bifenazate.

[0101] Examples of the mitochondrial electron transport complex I inhibitors (METI) include fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyridaben, pyrimidifen, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, and derris (rotenone).

[0102] Examples of the voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers include indoxacarb and metaflumizone.

[0103] Examples of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor include spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spiropydione, spidoxamat, spirobudifen, and spirotetramat.

[0104] The mitochondrial electron transport chain complex IV inhibitors include aluminum phosphide, calcium phosphide, hydrogen phosphide, zinc phosphide, hydrocyanic acid (calcium cyanide, sodium cyanide), potassium cyanide, and the like.

[0105] Examples of the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex II inhibitor include cyenopyrafen, cetopyrafen, cyflumetofen, piflubumid, and cyclobutrifluram.

[0106] The ryanodine receptor modulators include chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, flubendiamide, tetraniliprole, fluchlordiniliprole, thiolanthraniliprole, pioxaniliprole, tetrachlorantraniliprole, cyhalodiamide, and ciproflanilide.

[0107] Examples of such chordotonal organ modulators include flonicamide and the like.

[0108] Examples of the GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulator include broflanilide, fluxametamide, and isocycloceram.

[0109] Examples of such baculoviruses include the codling moth Cydia pomonella GV, the false codling moth Thaumatotibia leucotreta GV, the velvet bean caterpillar Anticarsis gemmatalis MNPV, and the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera NPV.

[0110] Examples of other insecticides, acaricides and nematicides include azadirachtin, benzomate (benzoximate), phenisobromorate (bromopropylate), quinoxalines (quinomethionate), Kelthane (dicofol), lime sulfur, mancozeb, pyridalyl, sulfur, acinonapyr, amidoflumet, benzpyrimoxane, fluazaindolizine, fluensulfone, fluhexafon, flupentiofenox, flometoquin, metaldehyde, cyclopyrazoflurane, zinzpropylidaz, trifluenfuronate, indazapiroxamet, sulfiflumin, bisulfufen, isoflualanum, pi These include perfuranilide, Burkholderia spp., Wolbachia pipientis (Zap), Atractylodes macrocarpa extract, glycerin or fatty acid monoesters with propanediol, neem oil, machine oil, rapeseed oil, formulated oil, starch, reduced starch saccharification product, sodium oleate, ferric phosphate, nemadectin, Beauveria bassiana strain, Metarhizium anisopria strain (F52), Paecilomyces fumosoroseus apopka strain (97), diatomaceous earth, DCIP (dichlorodiisopropyl ether), D-D (1,3 dichloropropene), levamisole hydrochloride, morantel tartrate, and tioxazafen.

[0111] Examples of the herbicide include acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor compounds, amino acid compounds, cyclohexanedione compounds, acetamide compounds, bipyridylium compounds, allyloxyphenoxypropionic acid compounds, carbamate compounds, pyridine compounds, urea compounds, dinitroaniline compounds, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor compounds, phenoxyacetic acid compounds, hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor compounds, and triazine compounds.

[0112] Specifically, examples of the acetolactate synthesis (ALS) inhibitor compounds include imazamethabenz and imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron and bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron and chlorimuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethametsulfuron and ethametsulfuron. Methyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, flupyrsulfuron methyl and its salts, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, halosulfuron methyl, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron and its salts, iodosulfuron methyl and its salts, mesosulfuron, mesosulfuron methyl, metazosulfuron, metsulfuron, metsulfuron methyl, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, primisulfuron These include rimisulfuron methyl, propyrisulfuron, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron ethyl, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfometuron methyl, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron, thifensulfuron methyl, triasulfuron, tribenuron, tribenuron methyl, trifloxysulfuron and its salts, triflusulfuron, triflusulfuron methyl, tritosulfuron, imizamethabenz methyl, bispyribac-sodium, cloransulam, cloransulam-methyl, diclosulam, florasulam, flucarbazone and its salts, flumetsulam, metosulam, orthosulfamuron, penoxsulam, pyroxsulam, propoxycarbazone and its salts, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrimisulfan, pyrithiobac and its salts, pyroxisulam, thiencarbazone, thiencarbazone-methyl, and triafamone.

[0113] Examples of the amino acid compound include bialaphos and its salts, glufosinate and its salts, glufosinate P and its salts, and glyphosate and its salts.

[0114] Examples of the cyclohexanedione compounds include alloxydim, butroxydim, clethodim, cloproxidim, cycloxydim, propoxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim, tralkoxydim, and feproxidim.

[0115] Examples of the acetamide compounds include napropamide, dimethachlor, petoxamide, acetochlor, alachlor, allidochlor (CDAA), butenachlor, delaclor, diethatylethyl, propisochlor, pirinachlor, butachlor, dimethenamid, dimethenamid P, metazachlor, metolachlor, S-metolachlor, pretilachlor, propachlor, thenylchlor, flufenacet, and mefenacet.

[0116] Examples of the bipyridylium compounds include cyperquat, morphamquat, diquat, and paraquat.

[0117] Examples of the allyloxyphenoxypropionic acid compounds include clodinafop, clodinafop propargyl, clofop, cyhalofop butyl, diclofop, diclofop methyl, diclofop P methyl, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop ethyl, fenoxaprop P ethyl, fluazifop, fluazifop butyl, fluazifop P butyl, haloxyfop, haloxyfop methyl, haloxyfop P methyl, isoxapiripop, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop, quizalofop ethyl, quizalofop P ethyl, and quizalofop P tefuryl.

[0118] Examples of the carbamate compounds include asulam, carbetamide, desmedipham, chlorprocarb, phenisopham, cycloate, dimepiperate, pebulate, thiocarbazyl, vernalate, barban, chlorbufam, chlorpropham, propham, swep, phenmedipham, butyrate, EPTC, esprocarb, molinate, orbencarb, prosulfocarb, pyributicarb, thiobencarb (benthiocarb), and triallate.

[0119] Examples of the pyridine compounds include aminopyralid, clopyralid, diflufenican, dithiopyr, fluridone, fluroxypyr, haloxifene, florpyrauxifene, picloram and its salts, picolinafen, thiazopyr, and triclopyr and its salts.

[0120] Examples of the urea compounds include benzthiazolone, bromuron, buturon, chlorbromuron, chloroxuron, difenoxuron, dimefuron, ethidimuron, fenuron, fluothiuron, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metoxuron, monolinuron, monuron (CMU), nebron, parafluron, siduron, thiazafluron, chlorotoluron, dymron, diuron (DCMU), fluometuron, isoproturon, linuron, methabenzthiazuron, tebuthiuron, cumyluron, carbutilate, and isouron.

[0121] The dinitroaniline compounds include benfluralin (besrodin), butralin, dinitramine, ethalfluralin, fluchloralin, isopropaline, nitralin, profluralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine, and trifluralin.

[0122] Examples of the protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor compounds include acifluorfen, aclonifen, azafenidin, bifenox, clomethoxynil, ethoxyfene, ethoxyfen-ethyl, fomesafen, fluazolate, fluoroglycofen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, halosafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen, butafenacil, epirifenacil, chlornitrofen (CNP), fluorodifen, fluoronitrofen (CFNP), nitrofen (NIP), oxiflufen, chlorphthalim, flumipropyne, carfentrazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, cinidon-ethyl, flumiclorac pentyl, flumioxazin, fluthiacet, fluthiacet-methyl, oxadiargyl, oxadiazone, pentoxazone, pyraclonil, pyraflufen, pyraflufen-ethyl, saflufenacil, sulfentrazone, thidiazimine, benzfendizone, profluazole, and flufenpyr-ethyl.

[0123] Examples of the phenoxyacetic acid compounds include 2,4,5-T, 2,4-D and salts thereof, 2,4-DB and salts thereof, clomeprop, dichlorprop, fenoprop, MCPA and salts thereof, MCPB and salts thereof, mecoprop (MCPP) and salts thereof, and mecoprop P and salts thereof.

[0124] Examples of the hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase enzyme (HPPD) inhibitor compounds include benzobicyclon, benzofenap, bicyclopyrone, isoxaflutole, mesotrione, pyrasulfotole, pyrazolinate (pyrazolate), pyrazoxyfen, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, topramezone, fenquinotrione, and tolpyralate.

[0125] Examples of the triazine compounds include atraton, adiprothrin, chlorazine, cyprazine, desmetrin, dipropetrin, eglinadin ethyl, ipazine, metoprothrin, procyazine, proglinadin, prometon, propazine, sebutylazine, secbumeton, terbumeton, trietazine, ametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, dimethametryn, hexazinone, indaziflam, metamitron, metribuzin, prometryn, simazine (CAT), simetryn, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, and triaziflam.

[0126] Examples of other herbicides include amicarbazone, ethiozin, isomethiozin, aminocyclopyrachlor, aminotriazole, anilofos, piperophos, beflubutamid, benazolin, benfuresate, bentazone, bromacil, isocyl, bromobutide, bromofenoxime, bromoxynil, butamifos, DMPA, TCTP (chlorthal dimethyl), cafenstrole, chloridazon (PAC), brompyrazone, chlorthal, clomazone, cumyluron, dicamba (MDBA) and its salts, chloramben, TCBA (2,3,8-TBA), benazolin ethyl, chlorfenac, chlorfenprop, dichlobenil (DBN), chlorthiamid (DCBN), cinmethylin, methiozolin, amitrole, flamproprop M, fosamine, methyldymron, monalid, MSMA, difenzoquat, diflufenzopyr, endothal and its salts, ethofumesate, etobenzanide, fenoxasulfone, fentrazamide, flupoxam, fluorochloridone, flurtamo phenanthrene, indanophan, tridiphane, ioxynil, ipfencarbazone, isoxaben, triazifuran, lenacil, methylarsonic acid, naptalam, flurochloridone, norflurazon, oxaziclomefone, pinoxaden, chloranocryl dicryl, pentanochlor (CMMP), propanil, propyzamide, pyridate, pyroxasulfone, promacyl, quinclorac, quinmerac, quinoclamine, terbacil, cyclopyrimorate, Florpyrauxifen-benzyl, Lancotrione and its salts, cyclopyranyl, bixlozone, tetflupirolimet, dimesulfazate, dinosam, dinoseb (DNBP), DNOC, dinoterb, ethinofen, medinoterb, DSMA, cacodylic acid, diphenamide, naproanilide, tebutam, bensulide, dalapon, TCA, mefluidide, pefluidone, CA MA, thiafenacil, trifludimoxadine, rimisoxafen, fenpyrazone, dioxopyritrione, sipirafluone, bipyrazone, benquitrione, fluchloraminopyr, pyriflubenzoxim, flufenoximacil, iptriazopyride, flusulfinam, broclozone, indlauxpyr, icaforin, pyraquinate, metoproxibicyclon, tetrapion (flupropanate) and its salts, and d-limonene.

[0127] [Content] The content of the first component in the formulation can be determined arbitrarily depending on the dosage form, the amount to be applied to the plant, etc. For example, the formulation preferably contains the first component in an amount of 0.01% by mass to 90% by mass, more preferably 0.1% by mass to 50% by mass, based on the total mass of the formulation. Furthermore, the formulation preferably contains the second component in an amount of 0.00001% by mass to 90% by mass, more preferably 0.0001% by mass to 50% by mass, based on the total mass of the formulation.

[0128] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the second component to the total mass of the first component (second component / first component) can be 0.001 or more and 1000 or less, preferably 0.01 or more and 100 or less, more preferably 0.1 or more and 10 or less, and even more preferably 0.5 or more and 5 or less.

[0129] The above preparation may be used as a treatment agent as it is, or may be used as a treatment agent prepared by mixing it with the above-mentioned adjuvants or other active ingredients, if desired.

[0130] [Production Method] The abiotic stress tolerance improver can be prepared by mixing a first component and a second component. At this time, a formulation having a predetermined dosage form may be prepared using a solid carrier or a liquid carrier. The first component may be an extract of a microorganism, plant, or seaweed containing the first component. The second component may be an extract of a microorganism, plant, or seaweed containing the first component. An extract of a microorganism, plant, or seaweed containing the first component and the second component may also be used as the abiotic stress tolerance improver.

[0131] The first and second components may be stored and transported in a mixed state, or may be stored and transported in an unmixed, separate, independent state with the first component contained in a first container and the second component contained in a second container. Furthermore, the first container containing the first component and the second container containing the second component may be packaged (kitted) into a product.

[0132] [Method for improving abiotic stress tolerance in plants] The above-mentioned abiotic stress tolerance improver or a formulation containing the same can be applied to a plant prepared in advance, thereby improving the abiotic stress tolerance of the plant.

[0133] The method of application is not particularly limited, and the compound may be applied by any method, such as spraying on foliage, mixing into water supply, spraying on soil, injection into the subsoil using an injector, treatment of seeds, bulbs, tubers, etc. (propagules), and direct application to plants.

[0134] When mixed into water supply, the formulation may be administered as a granule or treatment solution to the water supply to crops or to the surface water of a paddy field. For example, the concentration of the first component in the water supply to crops may be 0.1 mg / L or more, preferably 1 mg / L or more. When administered to the surface water of a paddy field, the dosage of the first component may be 0.1 g or more, preferably 1 g or more, per 10 are of paddy field.

[0135] When spraying on foliage or soil, for example, granules or the like may be administered to the planting hole or its surroundings when transplanting seedlings, or granules and wettable powders may be administered to the seeds, plants, or the soil surrounding the plants. After spraying on the soil, the soil and the formulation may be stirred. When spraying on foliage or on the soil surface, the dosage of the first component is 1 / 4 of that of the first component per m of agricultural or horticultural land. ２ The amount can be 0.1 mg or more, and preferably 1 mg or more.

[0136] The propagules may be treated by mixing and stirring with a wettable powder or dust, or by immersing the propagules in a diluted wettable powder. Alternatively, the propagules may be coated with a formulation containing a solid carrier. The amount of the first component used in treating the propagules may be 0.005 g or more, preferably 0.05 g or more, per 100 kg of seeds.

[0137] The treated plants can be grown under normal conditions for growing such plants. After the plants have grown to a certain extent, the transplanted plants can be transplanted into other soil or medium for further growth.

[0138] [Other Embodiments] It goes without saying that the above-described embodiments are exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention may include embodiments other than the above-described embodiments within the scope of its core technical concept.

[0139] The present invention will be described in detail based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0140] [Evaluation Example 1] Comparison of tolerance effects against high temperature stress The abiotic stress tolerance improvers of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 and 5 to 7 were prepared to the concentrations shown in Table 1. Commercially available ergothioneine (EGT), arginine (Arg), and glutamic acid (Glu) were used, and pure water was used as the solvent.

[0141] 90 mL of seedling soil (Takii Seeds) was placed in plastic pots 60 mm in diameter and 55 mm in height, and one Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0) plant was sown per pot. Two pots were placed in a deep plastic dish 160 mm in diameter and 28 mm in height.

[0142] The plants were grown in a climate chamber set at a room temperature of 22°C, with a 16-hour light period and an 8-hour dark period. Light conditions were set so that the light intensity was 5000 lx at the center under fluorescent light irradiation. Water was supplied from the bottom, with the water level set to approximately 5 mm. 92 days after sowing, 40 mL of an abiotic stress tolerance enhancer was added instead of water. Two days later, the plants were exposed to a 45°C environment for one hour, and three days later, they were exposed to a 42°C environment for three hours to apply high-temperature stress.

[0143] The number of wilted leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana subjected to high temperature stress was counted, and the leaf wilting rate was evaluated as an index of physiological disorders. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1. The leaf wilting rate and abiotic stress suppression rate (evaluation value) were calculated using the following formulas: Leaf wilting rate (%) = (number of wilted leaves / total number of leaves on tested plants) x 100 Abiotic stress suppression rate (evaluation value) (%) = {1 - (leaf wilting rate in test compound-treated group / leaf wilting rate in untreated group)} x 100

[0144] Next, the synergistic effect of the two compounds was evaluated using Colby's formula (see below): Abiotic stress suppression rate (theoretical value) (%) when mixed added = α + ((100 - α) × β) / 100. In the formula, α and β represent the abiotic stress suppression rate when each compound was added alone.

[0145]

[0146] As shown in Table 1, 67% of the Arabidopsis leaves tested under high temperature stress suffered from physiological wilting (Comparative Example 4). The abiotic stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 1 and 2 exhibited a lower leaf wilting rate and a superior abiotic stress suppression rate compared to abiotic stress tolerance enhancers containing only Arg or Glu (Comparative Examples 2 and 3) and an abiotic stress tolerance enhancer containing only EGT (Comparative Example 1). Furthermore, the abiotic stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 1 and 2 exhibited a greater suppression rate than the theoretical value when mixed, confirming a synergistic effect.

[0147] [Evaluation Example 2] Comparison of resistance effects against ultraviolet stress The abiotic stress tolerance improvers of Example 3 and Comparative Examples 9, 10, 12, and 13 were prepared to have the concentrations shown in Table 2 below. Commercially available EGT and Glu were used, and pure water was used as the solvent.

[0148] Five mL of pure water was added to 9 cm petri dishes lined with filter paper, and 10 wheat seeds were sown per dish. The dishes were kept in a climate chamber set at a room temperature of 22°C, with a 16-hour light period and an 8-hour dark period. The light conditions were set so that the light intensity was 5000 lx at the center under fluorescent light irradiation.

[0149] Eight days after sowing, the pure water in the dish was removed, and 5 mL of an abiotic stress tolerance enhancer was added to the dish. One day later, the ultraviolet radiation intensity at a wavelength of 254 nm was measured under irradiation with an ultraviolet lamp (Toshiba Corporation, GL-15) to determine whether the intensity was 535 μW / cm. －２ The specimens were exposed to ultraviolet light for 1 hour to give them stress.

[0150] The number of dead leaves was counted 5 days after UV stress application, and the leaf mortality rate was evaluated as an index of physiological disorder. The evaluation results are shown in Table 10. The leaf mortality rate and abiotic stress suppression rate (evaluation value) were calculated using the following formulas: Leaf mortality rate (%) = (number of dead leaves / total number of leaves on tested plants) x 100 Abiotic stress suppression rate (evaluation value) (%) = {1 - (leaf mortality rate in test compound-treated group / leaf mortality rate in untreated group)} x 100

[0151] Next, the synergistic effect of the two compounds was evaluated using Colby's formula (see below): Abiotic stress suppression rate (theoretical value) (%) when mixed added = α + ((100 - α) × β) / 100. In the formula, α and β represent the abiotic stress suppression rate when each compound was added alone.

[0152]

[0153] As shown in Table 2, UV stress caused physiological disorders such as chlorosis in wheat, with 48% of the test wheat leaves dying (Comparative Example 11). The abiotic stress tolerance improver of Example 3 had a lower leaf mortality rate and a superior abiotic stress suppression rate compared to an abiotic stress tolerance improver containing only Glu (Comparative Example 10) and an abiotic stress tolerance improver containing only EGT (Comparative Example 9). Furthermore, the abiotic stress tolerance improver of Example 3 exhibited a greater effect than the theoretical value when mixed, confirming a synergistic effect.

[0154] [Evaluation Example 3] Comparison of tolerance effects against excessive water stress The abiotic stress tolerance improvers of Examples 4 to 7 and Comparative Examples 15 to 17 and 19 to 21 were prepared to have the concentrations shown in Table 3. Commercially available EGT and Glu were used, and pure water was used as the solvent.

[0155] Five mL of pure water was added to a 9 cm petri dish lined with filter paper, and 10 rapeseed seeds were sown per dish. The seeds were kept in an artificial climate chamber set at a room temperature of 22°C, with a 16-hour light period and an 8-hour dark period. The light conditions were set so that the light intensity was 5000 lx at the center under fluorescent light irradiation.

[0156] On the eighth day after sowing, the pure water in the dish was removed, and then 5 mL of an abiotic stress tolerance enhancer was added to the dish. One day later, 50 mL of pure water was added to the dish to apply excess water stress.

[0157] The number of surviving plants 10 days after the application of excess water stress was counted, and the plant mortality rate was evaluated as an index of physiological disorders. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3. The mortality rate and abiotic stress suppression rate (evaluation value) were calculated using the following formulas: Mortality rate (%) = {1 - (number of surviving plants / number of tested plants)} x 100 Abiotic stress suppression rate (evaluation value) (%) = {1 - (mortality rate in the test compound-treated group / mortality rate in the untreated group)} x 100

[0158] Next, the synergistic effect of the two compounds was evaluated using Colby's formula (see below): Abiotic stress suppression rate (theoretical value) (%) when mixed added = α + ((100 - α) × β) / 100. In the formula, α and β represent the abiotic stress suppression rate when each compound was added alone.

[0159]

[0160] As shown in Table 3, excessive water stress caused physiological disorders such as chlorosis in rapeseed, and 84% of the rapeseeds tested died (Comparative Example 18). The abiotic stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 4, 5, 6, and 7 had lower mortality rates and better abiotic stress suppression rates than abiotic stress tolerance enhancers containing only Arg or Glu (Comparative Examples 16 and 17) and an abiotic stress tolerance enhancer containing only EGT (Comparative Example 15). Furthermore, the abiotic stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 4 and 6 exhibited greater suppression rates than the theoretical values ​​when mixed, confirming a synergistic effect.

[0161] Evaluation Example 4 Comparison of Tolerance Effects Against Drought Stress The abiotic stress tolerance improvers of Examples 8 to 15 and Comparative Examples 23 to 31 were prepared to the concentrations shown in Table 4 below. Commercially available ergothioneine (EGT), trehalose, methionine (Met), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), citric acid, ascorbic acid (VitC), and potassium sorbate (sorbic acid) were used, and pure water was used as the solvent.

[0162] 150 mL of granular soil (Kumiai Gardening Soil) was placed in a 60 mm square, 66 mm high plastic pot, and one soybean plant was sown per pot. Four pots were placed in a deep plastic dish 160 mm in diameter and 28 mm high.

[0163] The plants were kept in a greenhouse set at a room temperature of 25° C. On the 31st day after sowing, 50 mL of an abiotic stress tolerance enhancer was added to the deep plate in place of water supply, and then water supply was stopped for 5 days to apply drought stress.

[0164] The number of dead leaves on soybeans subjected to drought stress was counted, and the leaf mortality rate was evaluated as an index of physiological disorders. The evaluation results are shown in Table 4. The leaf mortality rate and abiotic stress suppression rate (evaluation value) were calculated using the following formulas: Leaf mortality rate (%) = (number of dead leaves / total number of leaves on tested plants) x 100 Abiotic stress suppression rate (evaluation value) (%) = {1 - (leaf mortality rate in test compound-treated group / leaf mortality rate in untreated group)} x 100

[0165] Next, the synergistic effect of the two compounds was evaluated using Colby's formula (see below): Abiotic stress suppression rate (theoretical value) (%) when mixed added = α + ((100 - α) × β) / 100. In the formula, α and β represent the abiotic stress suppression rate when each compound was added alone.

[0166]

[0167] As shown in Table 4, drought stress caused physiological disorders such as necrosis in soybeans, resulting in the death of 56% of the leaves tested (Comparative Example 32). The abiotic stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 exhibited lower leaf mortality and superior abiotic stress suppression rates compared to abiotic stress tolerance enhancers containing only trehalose, Met, GSSG, GABA, citric acid, Vit C, or sorbic acid (Comparative Examples 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, and 31), and an abiotic stress tolerance enhancer containing only EGT (Comparative Example 23). Furthermore, the abiotic stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 exhibited greater than theoretical values ​​when mixed, confirming a synergistic effect.

[0168] [Evaluation Example 5] Comparison of tolerance effects against low temperature stress The abiotic stress tolerance improvers of Examples 16 and 17 and Comparative Examples 34 to 36 were prepared to have the concentrations shown in Table 5. Commercially available ergothioneine (EGT), histidine (His), and uracil were used, and pure water was used as the solvent.

[0169] Five mL of pure water was added to a 9 cm petri dish lined with filter paper, and 20 arugula seeds were sown per dish. The seeds were kept in an artificial climate chamber set at room temperature of 22°C, with a 16-hour light period and an 8-hour dark period. The light conditions were set so that the light intensity was 5000 lx at the center under fluorescent light irradiation.

[0170] Six days after sowing, the pure water in the dish was removed, and then 5 mL of an abiotic stress tolerance enhancer was added to the dish. 24 hours later, the dish was exposed to a 4°C environment for 48 hours to apply low-temperature stress.

[0171] The number of wilted leaves was counted two days after application of low temperature stress, and the leaf wilting rate was evaluated as an index of physiological disorder. The evaluation results are shown in Table 5. The leaf wilting rate and abiotic stress suppression rate (evaluation value) were calculated using the following formulas: Leaf wilting rate (%) = (number of wilted leaves / total number of leaves on tested plants) x 100 Abiotic stress suppression rate (evaluation value) (%) = {1 - (leaf wilting rate in test compound-treated group / leaf wilting rate in untreated group)} x 100

[0172] Next, the synergistic effect of the two compounds was evaluated using Colby's formula (see below): Abiotic stress suppression rate (theoretical value) (%) when mixed added = α + ((100 - α) × β) / 100. In the formula, α and β represent the abiotic stress suppression rate when each compound was added alone.

[0173]

[0174] As shown in Table 5, 94% of the arugula leaves tested under low temperature stress suffered from physiological wilting (Comparative Example 37). The abiotic stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 16 and 17 exhibited lower leaf wilting rates and superior abiotic stress suppression rates compared to abiotic stress tolerance enhancers containing only His or uracil (Comparative Examples 35 and 36) and an abiotic stress tolerance enhancer containing only EGT (Comparative Example 34). Furthermore, the abiotic stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 16 and 17 exhibited greater wilting rates than the theoretical values ​​when mixed, confirming a synergistic effect.

[0175] [Evaluation Example 6] Comparison of tolerance effects against freezing stress The abiotic stress tolerance improvers of Example 18 and Comparative Examples 39 and 40 were prepared to have the concentrations shown in Table 6 below. Commercially available ergothioneine (EGT) and malic acid were used, and pure water was used as the solvent.

[0176] Five mL of pure water was added to a 9 cm petri dish lined with filter paper, and 20 broccoli seeds (green volume) were sown per dish. The dishes were kept in a climate chamber set at room temperature of 22°C, with a 16-hour light period and an 8-hour dark period. The light conditions were set to a light intensity of 5000 lx at the center under fluorescent light illumination.

[0177] Six days after seeding, the pure water in the dish was removed, and then 5 mL of an abiotic stress tolerance enhancer was added to the dish. 24 hours later, the dish was exposed to a −20°C environment for 30 minutes, and 48 hours later, the dish was exposed to a −20°C environment for 30 minutes to apply freezing stress.

[0178] The number of surviving plants one day after freezing stress was applied was counted, and the plant mortality rate was evaluated as an index of physiological disorders. The evaluation results are shown in Table 6. The mortality rate and abiotic stress suppression rate (evaluation value) were calculated using the following formulas: Mortality rate (%) = {1 - (number of surviving plants / number of tested plants)} x 100 Abiotic stress suppression rate (evaluation value) (%) = {1 - (mortality rate in the test compound-treated group / mortality rate in the untreated group)} x 100

[0179] Next, the synergistic effect of the two compounds was evaluated using Colby's formula (see below): Abiotic stress suppression rate (theoretical value) (%) when mixed added = α + ((100 - α) × β) / 100. In the formula, α and β represent the abiotic stress suppression rate when each compound was added alone.

[0180]

[0181] As shown in Table 6, freezing stress caused physiological disorders such as stem breakage and necrosis in broccoli plants, with 44% of the tested broccoli plants dying (Comparative Example 41). The abiotic stress tolerance enhancer of Example 18 had a lower mortality rate and a better abiotic stress suppression rate than an abiotic stress tolerance enhancer containing only malic acid (Comparative Example 40) and an abiotic stress tolerance enhancer containing only EGT (Comparative Example 39). Furthermore, the abiotic stress tolerance enhancer of Example 18 exhibited a greater suppression rate than the theoretical value when mixed, confirming a synergistic effect.

[0182] [Evaluation Example 7] Comparison of tolerance effects against excess nutrient stress The abiotic stress tolerance improvers of Examples 19 to 23 and Comparative Examples 43 to 48 were prepared to the concentrations shown in Table 7. Commercially available ergothioneine (EGT), proline (Pro), 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), glycine betaine (GB), and acetic acid were used, and pure water was used as the solvent.

[0183] 150 mL of granular soil (Kumiai Gardening Soil) was placed in a 60 mm square, 66 mm high plastic pot, and one soybean plant was sown per pot. Two pots were placed in a deep plastic dish with a diameter of 160 mm and a height of 28 mm.

[0184] The plants were kept in a greenhouse at a room temperature of 25° C. On the 31st day after sowing, 50 mL of an abiotic stress tolerance enhancer was added to the deep dish instead of water, and one day later, liquid fertilizer (HYPONEX, manufactured by Hyponex Japan Co., Ltd.) was applied at a 5-fold dilution to impart excessive nutrient stress.

[0185] The number of dead soybean leaves one day after application of excess nutrient stress was counted, and the leaf mortality rate was evaluated as an index of physiological disorder. The evaluation results are shown in Table 7. The leaf mortality rate and abiotic stress suppression rate (evaluation value) were calculated using the following formulas: Leaf mortality rate (%) = (number of dead leaves / total number of leaves on tested plants) x 100 Abiotic stress suppression rate (evaluation value) (%) = {1 - (leaf mortality rate in test compound-treated group / leaf mortality rate in untreated group)} x 100

[0186] Next, the synergistic effect of the two compounds was evaluated using Colby's formula (see below): Abiotic stress suppression rate (theoretical value) (%) when mixed added = α + ((100 - α) × β) / 100. In the formula, α and β represent the abiotic stress suppression rate when each compound was added alone.

[0187]

[0188] As shown in Table 7, excess nutrient stress caused physiological disorders such as chlorosis in soybeans, resulting in the death of 76% of the leaves tested (Comparative Example 49). The abiotic stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23 exhibited lower leaf mortality and superior abiotic stress suppression rates compared to abiotic stress tolerance enhancers containing only Pro, 5-ALA, GB, or acetic acid (Comparative Examples 45, 46, 47, and 48) and abiotic stress tolerance enhancers containing only EGT (Comparative Examples 43 and 44). Furthermore, the abiotic stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23 exhibited greater suppression rates than the theoretical values ​​when mixed, confirming a synergistic effect.

[0189] [Evaluation Example 8] Comparison of tolerance effects against high temperature stress The abiotic stress tolerance improvers of Examples 24 and 25 and Comparative Examples 51 to 54 were prepared to have the concentrations shown in Table 8 below. Commercially available ergothioneine (EGT), acetic acid, and proline (Pro) were used, and pure water was used as the solvent.

[0190] 90 mL of nursery soil (Takii Seeds) was placed in plastic pots 60 mm in diameter and 55 mm in height, and one tomato (Regina) seed was sown per pot. Four pots were placed in a deep plastic dish 160 mm in diameter and 28 mm in height.

[0191] The plants were grown in a climate chamber set at a room temperature of 22°C, with a 16-hour light period and an 8-hour dark period. Light conditions were set so that the light intensity was 5000 lx at the center under fluorescent light irradiation. Water was supplied from the bottom, with the water level set to approximately 5 mm. 30 days after sowing, 50 mL of an abiotic stress tolerance enhancer was added instead of water, and two days later, the plants were exposed to a 45°C environment for 1 hour, and then to a 55°C environment for 30 minutes to apply high-temperature stress.

[0192] The number of wilted leaves on tomatoes subjected to high temperature stress was counted, and the leaf wilting rate was evaluated as an index of physiological disorders. The evaluation results are shown in Table 8. The leaf wilting rate and abiotic stress suppression rate (evaluation value) were calculated using the following formulas: Leaf wilting rate (%) = (number of wilted leaves / total number of leaves on tested plants) x 100 Abiotic stress suppression rate (evaluation value) (%) = {1 - (leaf wilting rate in test compound-treated group / leaf wilting rate in untreated group)} x 100

[0193] Next, the synergistic effect of the two compounds was evaluated using Colby's formula (see below): Abiotic stress suppression rate (theoretical value) (%) when mixed added = α + ((100 - α) × β) / 100. In the formula, α and β represent the abiotic stress suppression rate when each compound was added alone.

[0194]

[0195] As shown in Table 8, 62% of the tomato leaves tested under high temperature stress suffered from physiological wilting (Comparative Example 55). The abiotic stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 24 and 25 exhibited lower leaf wilting rates and superior abiotic stress suppression rates compared to abiotic stress tolerance enhancers containing only acetic acid or Pro (Comparative Examples 53 and 54) and abiotic stress tolerance enhancers containing only EGT (Comparative Examples 51 and 52). Furthermore, the abiotic stress tolerance enhancers of Examples 24 and 25 exhibited greater wilting rates than the theoretical values ​​when mixed, confirming a synergistic effect.

[0196] This application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-197530, filed November 21, 2023. The entire disclosure and claims of that application as originally filed are incorporated herein by reference.

[0197] According to the present invention, the abiotic stress tolerance of plants can be enhanced, and plant production can be easily increased.

Claims

1. a first component which is a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof; and a second component which is at least one selected from the group consisting of an amino acid, a peptide having a length of 2 to 10 amino acids, a betaine, an organic acid or a salt thereof, a nucleic acid base, a vitamin, and a sugar or a sugar alcohol. 【Chemistry 1】 (In formula (I), R １ and R ２ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R ３ , R ４ and R ５ each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

2. The compound represented by formula (I) is ergothioneine. The agent for improving abiotic stress tolerance according to claim 1 .

3. When administered to a plant, the composition improves the tolerance of the plant to at least one abiotic stress selected from the group consisting of high temperature stress, low temperature stress, freezing stress, salt stress, excess nutrient stress, drought stress, excess water stress, ultraviolet light stress, low light stress, high light stress, excessive pruning stress, trampling stress, hail stress, and strong wind stress; The agent for improving abiotic stress tolerance according to claim 1 or 2.

4. When administered to a plant, the compound improves the tolerance of the plant to at least one abiotic stress selected from the group consisting of high temperature stress, ultraviolet light stress, and excess water stress. The agent for improving abiotic stress tolerance according to claim 1 or 2.

5. The second component is at least one selected from the group consisting of methionine, histidine, proline, γ-aminobutyric acid, 5-aminolevulinic acid, glycine betaine, oxidized glutathione, uracil, carboxylic acids, water-soluble vitamins, and disaccharides. The agent for improving abiotic stress tolerance according to claim 1 or 2.

6. An agent for improving plant tolerance to excessive water stress, comprising: the second component comprises an amino acid; The amino acid is at least one selected from the group consisting of arginine and glutamic acid. The agent for improving abiotic stress tolerance according to claim 1 or 2.

7. the second component comprises an amino acid; The amino acid is glutamic acid or arginine. The agent for improving abiotic stress tolerance according to claim 1 or 2.

8. An enhancer that improves plant tolerance to high temperature stress. The agent for improving abiotic stress tolerance according to claim 7.

9. An enhancer for improving plant tolerance to ultraviolet stress, comprising: The amino acid is glutamic acid. The agent for improving abiotic stress tolerance according to claim 7.

10. providing a plant; Treating the plant with the abiotic stress tolerance improving agent according to claim 1 or 2. Methods for improving plant tolerance to abiotic stress.

11. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the step of applying abiotic stress to the plant. The method for improving abiotic stress tolerance in a plant according to claim 10.

12. The step of treating with the abiotic stress tolerance enhancer comprises: This is carried out before the step of applying abiotic stress. The method for improving abiotic stress tolerance in a plant according to claim 11.

13. a first component which is a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof; a second component which is at least one selected from the group consisting of an amino acid, a peptide having a length of 2 to 10 amino acids, betaine, an organic acid or a salt thereof, a nucleic acid base, a vitamin, and a sugar or a sugar alcohol; a liquid or solid carrier; Formulations for improving plant tolerance to abiotic stress. 【Chemistry 2】 (In formula (I), R １ and R ２ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R ３ , R ４ and R ５ each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

14. a first container containing a first component which is a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof; a second container containing a second component, which is at least one selected from the group consisting of an amino acid, a peptide having a length of 2 to 10 amino acids, betaine, an organic acid or a salt thereof, a nucleic acid base, a vitamin, and a sugar or a sugar alcohol; having Products for improving plant tolerance to abiotic stress. 【Transformation 3】 (In formula (I), R １ and R ２ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R ３ , R ４ and R ５ each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

15. A plant that has been applied with the agent for improving abiotic stress tolerance according to claim 1 or 2 and grown.

Images