Agent for improving damage-recovering properties of plant, preparation for improving damage-recovering properties, method for improving damage-recovering properties of plant, plant body, and agent for improving physical stress resistance of plant

Abstract

Provided is an improving agent for enhancing damage recovering properties of a plant. This agent for improving damage-recovering properties of a plant contains an active ingredient that is a compound represented by formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agriculturally acceptable salt of the compound or the tautomer.　(In formula (I), R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C1-C4 alkyl group, and R3, R4, and R5 each independently represent a C1-C4 alkyl group.)

Description

Agent for improving plant damage recovery and formulation for improving damage recovery, method for improving plant damage recovery, plant body, and agent for improving plant physical stress tolerance

[0001] The present invention relates to an agent for improving plant damage recovery, a formulation for improving damage recovery, a method for improving plant damage recovery, a plant, and an agent for improving plant physical stress tolerance.

[0002] Methods of alleviating abiotic stress by applying chemicals and methods of promoting plant growth and increasing yields have been studied. For example, Patent Document 1 describes that glycine betaine has the effect of alleviating stress on plants, such as insufficient irrigation.

[0003] Furthermore, Patent Document 2 describes that when an aqueous solution of ergothioneine is applied to germinated plants, the plant height increases, the number of flowers and fruits increases, and the seed yield also increases.

[0004] International Publication No. WO 96 / 014749 International Publication No. WO 2021 / 005970

[0005] As described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, in order to alleviate stress caused by changes in environmental factors such as insufficient irrigation, and to increase the yield and quality of plants, it has been considered to add components having these effects to plants.

[0006] These technologies aim to improve the stress tolerance and growth of healthy plants. However, plants can be damaged by various physical factors. If the plant is slow to recover from the damage and dies, improvements in yield and quality cannot be expected.

[0007] The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and aims to provide an agent for enhancing the ability of plants to recover from damage, a formulation containing the agent, a method for improving the ability of plants to recover from damage using the agent, a plant treated with the agent, and an agent for enhancing the physical stress resistance of plants using the agent.

[0008] One embodiment of the present invention for solving the above problems relates to an agent for improving plant damage recovery, a formulation for improving damage recovery, a method for improving plant damage recovery, a plant, and an agent for improving plant physical stress tolerance, as set forth in the following [1] to [8]: [1] An agent for improving plant damage recovery, comprising an active ingredient which is a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof: (In formula (I), R １ and R ２ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R ３ , R ４ and R ５ each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.) [2] The agent for improving plant wound recovery according to [1], wherein the compound represented by formula (I) is ergothioneine. [3] A formulation for improving plant wound recovery, comprising an active ingredient which is a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof: (In formula (I), R １ and R ２ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R ３ , R ４ and R ５ independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.) [4] A method for improving a plant's ability to recover from damage, comprising applying to the plant a treating agent containing the formulation according to [3]. [5] A plant having improved damage recovery, which has been treated with a treating agent containing the formulation according to [3]. [6] The plant according to [5], which is a propagation material or a transplanted seedling. [7] The plant according to [5] or [6], which is turfgrass. [8] An agent for improving a plant's physical stress tolerance, which comprises an active ingredient that is a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof. (In formula (I), R １ and R ２ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R ３ , R ４ and R ５each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

[0009] According to the present invention, there are provided an agent for enhancing the ability of plants to recover from damage, a formulation containing the agent, a method for improving the ability of plants to recover from damage using the agent, a plant treated with the agent, and an agent for enhancing the physical stress resistance of plants using the agent.

[0010] One embodiment of the present invention relates to an agent for improving plant damage recovery, comprising an active ingredient that is a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof, for treating plant seeds:

[0011] The active ingredient is a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof. The wound recovery improver may contain only one type of the active ingredient or may contain multiple types.

[0012]

[0013] In formula (I), R １ and R ２ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R ３ , R ４ and R ５ each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

[0014] R １ ~R ５ The alkyl group that R can take may be linear or branched. １ ~R ５ Examples of the alkyl group that can be taken include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group and a tert-butyl group.

[0015] R １ and R ２ At least one of R is preferably a hydrogen atom, and more preferably both are hydrogen atoms. １ and R ２When is an alkyl group, it is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group, more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and even more preferably a methyl group.

[0016] R ３ , R ４ and R ５ are preferably independently a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group, more preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and even more preferably a methyl group. ３ , R ４ and R ５ Preferably, at least one of the groups is a methyl group, more preferably at least two of the groups are methyl groups, and even more preferably all of the groups are methyl groups.

[0017] The compound of formula (I) is R １ and R ２ When at least one of R is a hydrogen atom, the compound represented by formula (I) has tautomers. ２ When R is a hydrogen atom, the compound represented by the following formula (II) is a tautomer. １ is a hydrogen atom, the compound has the following tautomer, which is represented by formula (III): In this specification, when simply referring to "tautomer", it means both the compound represented by formula (II) and the compound represented by formula (III).

[0018]

[0019] In formulas (II) and (III), R １ ~R ５ is R in formula (I). １ ~R ５ is the same as

[0020] Generally, in a solution, the compound represented by formula (I) and the compound represented by formula (II) or formula (III) can exist in equilibrium. The ratio of the compound represented by formula (I) to the compound represented by formula (II) or formula (III) can vary depending on the solvent, temperature, pH, etc.

[0021] The compound of formula (I) or a tautomer thereof is preferably ergothioneine, more preferably L-(+)-ergothioneine.

[0022] These compounds may be commercially available or may be synthesized by techniques well known to those skilled in the art, such as those described in JP-A-2013-506706 and JP-A-2006-160748. Ergothioneine is also known to be produced by bacteria and fungi. Examples of production methods using such microorganisms include those described in JP-A-2012-105618, JP-A-2014-223051, WO-A-2016 / 104437, WO-A-2016 / 121285, WO-A-2015 / 168112, and WO-A-2017 / 150304. Ergothioneine may be used as a culture containing ergothioneine obtained from these microorganisms, or ergothioneine obtained by concentrating or purifying the culture may be used.

[0023] "Agriculturally acceptable" means safe, non-toxic, and not biologically or otherwise undesirable, and acceptable for agricultural use, particularly for improving plant recovery from injury or resistance to physical stress.

[0024] An "agriculturally acceptable salt" of a compound represented by formula (I) or a tautomer thereof means an agriculturally acceptable salt as defined above that provides the functions and effects of a compound represented by formula (I) or a tautomer thereof. Examples of such salts include hydrates, solvates, acid addition salts, salts formed by replacing an acidic proton present in a compound represented by formula (I) or a tautomer thereof with a metal ion, and salts formed by coordinating the acidic proton with an organic or inorganic base.

[0025] Acid addition salts may be formed with inorganic or organic acids. Examples of inorganic acids include hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid. Examples of organic acids include acetic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, citric acid, ethanesulfonic acid, fumaric acid, glucoheptonic acid, gluconic acid, glutamic acid, glycolic acid, hydroxynaphthoic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, lactic acid, maleic acid, malic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, muconic acid, 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, propionic acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, dibenzoyl-L-tartaric acid, tartaric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, trimethylacetic acid, and trifluoroacetic acid.

[0026] Examples of metal ions which can be substituted for the acidic protons present in the compound of formula (I) or its tautomers include alkali metal ions, alkaline earth metal ions, and aluminum ions.

[0027] Examples of organic bases that can coordinate with the acidic protons present in the compound of formula (I) or its tautomer include diethanolamine, ethanolamine, N-methylglucamine, triethanolamine, and tromethamine, etc. Examples of inorganic bases that can coordinate with the acidic protons present in the compound of formula (I) or its tautomer include aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, and sodium hydroxide, etc.

[0028] The damage recovery improver according to this embodiment significantly improves the plant's recovery from damage by utilizing the active ingredient described above as an active ingredient. For example, turfgrass has a growing point approximately one-third of the plant's height, from which green leaves grow. Removing this growing point during pruning can prevent the turfgrass from growing and may result in the plant's death. Similar growing points exist in various plants. Plant death due to the removal of the growing point can occur in any plant. In contrast, the damage recovery improver according to this embodiment improves recovery from damage, thereby preventing plant death due to damage. In this example, the damage recovery improver also acts as a growing point revival promoter. Similar effects of promoting growing point revival can be expected in a variety of plants, including various ground cover plants with stolon and stolons. Examples of ground cover plants with stolon include turfgrass, dichondra, burdock, burdock, and crappia. Examples of ground cover plants with stolons include clover, wire plant, and ivy.

[0029] For example, if lawn grass is mowed below the growing point, it may not recover and die. As lawn grass grows, the growing point also rises, making it difficult to mow it while preserving the growing point. For this reason, lawn grass must be mowed frequently to prevent overgrowth. In contrast, by using the above-mentioned damage recovery improver, lawn grass can recover easily even when mowing is performed to remove the growing point to a certain extent, making it easier to maintain the functionality and appearance of the turf. This also reduces the frequency of mowing and reduces lawn maintenance costs. Similar effects are expected for various lawn grass varieties, such as Korean grass, Korean dwarf grass, wild grass, velvet grass, TM9, Bermuda grass, Tifton grass, weeping grass, bentgrass, Kentucky bluegrass, fescue, and ryegrass.

[0030] Examples of damage for which recovery is improved by the damage recovery improver include damage caused by pruning, damage caused by pests, damage caused by animals and plants, damage caused by infestation by animals and plants, damage caused by contact with machinery (including getting caught in a wheel, etc.), damage caused by contact with tools (including damage caused by contact with recreational equipment such as golf clubs, tools such as horseshoes and horseshoes, and pruning tools, etc.), damage caused by exposure to electricity, etc. The damage recovery improver improves the recovery of plants treated with it from these types of damage.

[0031] Furthermore, the physical stress tolerance improver according to this embodiment improves the plant's tolerance to physical stress by using the active ingredient as an active ingredient. Examples of physical stress include trampling stress, hail stress, and strong wind stress. The physical stress tolerance improver improves the tolerance to these stresses in plants treated with the agent.

[0032] For example, turfgrass is likely to become bare due to trampling stress in schoolyards, home gardens, parks, golf courses, athletic fields, racecourses, etc. By using the above-mentioned physical stress resistance improver, it becomes easier to maintain turfgrass even on turf that is prone to becoming bare, making it easier to maintain the functionality and landscape of the turf.

[0033] Furthermore, the physical stress resistance improver according to this embodiment can also improve resistance to physical stress, thereby suppressing reductions in plant yield, quality, plant height, plant height growth rate, number of flowers, aboveground weight, and belowground weight that are caused by physical stress.

[0034] The wound recovery improver and physical stress resistance improver may be used to treat any plant, and examples of the plant include grasses such as rice, wheat, barley, rye, oats, triticale (triticale), corn, sorghum, sugarcane, turfgrass, bentgrass, bermudagrass, fescue, and ryegrass, legumes such as soybean, peanut, kidney bean, pea, adzuki bean, and alfalfa, convolvulaceae such as sweet potato, chili pepper, bell pepper, tomato, and eggplant. Solanaceae such as potatoes and tobacco, Polygonaceae such as buckwheat, Asteraceae such as sunflower, Araliaceae such as ginseng, Brassicaceae such as rapeseed, broccoli, Chinese cabbage, turnip, cabbage, arugula, radish and Chinese radish, Chenopodiaceae such as sugar beet, Malvaceae such as cotton, Rubiaceae such as coffee plants, Sterculiaceae such as cacao, Theaceae such as tea, watermelon, melon Cucurbitaceae such as cucumbers and pumpkins, Liliaceae such as onions, leeks and garlic, Rosaceae such as strawberries, apples, almonds, apricots, plums, cherries, plums, peaches and pears, Umbelliaceae such as carrots, Araceae such as taro, Anacardiaceae such as mango, Bromeliaceae such as pineapples, Papaya such as papaya, Ebenaceae such as persimmons, Ericaceae such as blueberries, Juglandaceae such as pecans, Musaceae such as bananas, Oleaceae such as olives, Palmaceae such as coconuts and dates, Rutaceae such as mandarins, oranges, grapefruits and lemons, Vitaceae such as grapes, ground cover plants such as lawn grass, dichondra, rockweed, dwarf jasmine, clover, wire plant and ivy, Flowers This includes non-fruit trees and other ornamental plants, as well as non-fruit trees and other ornamental plants.

[0035] Furthermore, the above-mentioned plants may be any of wild plants, plant cultivars, plants and plant cultivars obtained by conventional biological breeding such as crossbreeding or protoplast fusion, and genetically modified plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering. Examples of genetically modified plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic engineering include herbicide-resistant crops, pest-resistant crops incorporating insecticidal protein-producing genes, disease-resistant crops incorporating disease-resistance inducer-producing genes, crops with improved eating quality, crops with improved yield, crops with improved storability, and crops with improved yield. Examples of genetically modified plant cultivars approved in various countries include the various varieties stored in the database of the International Society for the Advancement of Agriculture (ISAA). Specifically: AgriSure, AgriSure 3000GT, AgriSure 3122 EZ Refuge, AgriSure 3122 Refuge Renew, AgriSure Artesian 3030A, AgriSure Artesian 3011A, AgriSure Duracade, AgriSure Duracade 5222 EZ Refuge, AgriSure GT, AgriSure GT / CB / LL, AgriSure RW, AgriSure Viptera 3110, AgriSure Viptera 3111, AgriSure Viptera 3220 EZ Refuge, AgriSure Viptera 3220 Refuge Renew, BiteGard, Bollgard, Bollgard II, Bollgard II / Roundup Ready, Bollgard 3 XtendFlex Cotton, Bollgard Cotton, Bollgard / Roundup Ready Cotton, Bt, Bt / BXN Cotton, Bt Maize, BtXtra, BXN, BXN Canola, BXN Cotton, Clearfield, DroughtGard, Enlist, Enlist Cotton, Enlist WideStrike 3 Cotton, Genuity, Genuity Bollgard II XtendFlex, Genuity Intacta RR2 Pro, GenuitySmartStax、GenuitySmartStax RIB Complete、Genuity VT Double Pro、Genuity VT Double Pro RIB Complete、Genuity VT Triple Pro、Genuity VT Triple Pro RIB Complete、GlyTol、GlyTol Cotton、Herculex、Herculex 1、Herculex RW、Herculex XTRA、IMI、IMI Canola、InVigor、KnockOut、Liberty Link、Liberty Link Conola、Liberty Link cotton、NatureGard、Newleaf、Nucotn、Optimum、Optimum AcreMax、Optimum AcreMax I、Optimum AcreMax-R、Optimum AcreMax RW、Optimum AcreMax RW-R、Optimum AcreMax Xtra-R、Optimum AcreMax Xtreme-R、Optimum AcreMax Xtreme、Optimum Intrasect、Optimum Intrasect Xtra、Optimum Intrasect Xtreme、Optimum Leptra、Optimum TRIsect、Poast Compatible、Powercore、Powercore Corn、Powercore Corn Refuge Advanced、Protecta、Roundup Ready、Roundup Ready 2、Roundup Ready Conola、Roundup Ready Cotton、Roundup Ready Xtend、Roundup Ready / YieldGard、RR Flex / Bollgard II、SCS、SmartStax、SmartStax Refuge Advanced、StarLink、Twinlink、VipCot、VipCot Cotton、WideStrike、WideStrike3、YieldGard、YieldGard Corn Borner、YieldGard Rootworm、YieldGard PlusおよびYieldGard VTThis includes trademarks such as Triple.

[0036] [Other Components] The damage recovery improver and physical stress resistance improver contain the active ingredient as an active ingredient, and can be distributed on the market as formulations of various dosage forms together with other adjuvants or other active ingredients. The active ingredient itself may be formulated, or it may be formulated in various dosage forms together with other adjuvants or other active ingredients. The dosage form is not particularly limited and may be selected depending on the treatment method. Examples of dosage forms include dusts, granules, powders, wettable powders, water-soluble powders, emulsions, solutions, oils, aerosols, microcapsules, pastes, liniments, fumigants, fumigants, and microdusts.

[0037] (Adjuvants) Examples of the adjuvants include carriers, surfactants and other adjuvants.

[0038] The carrier may be a solid carrier or a liquid carrier.

[0039] Examples of solid carriers include minerals such as clay, talc, diatomaceous earth, zeolite (boiling stone), montmorillonite, bentonite, kaolinite, kaolin, pyrophyllite, rosewood, acid clay, activated clay, attapulgite, attapulgus clay, limestone, calcite, marble, vermiculite, perlite, pumice, silica stone, silica sand, sericite (sericite), and pottery stone; synthetic organic substances such as urea; salts such as calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, potassium chloride, hydrated lime, and sodium bicarbonate; amorphous silica (white carbon, fumed silica, etc.); These include various powdered and granular carriers, such as synthetic inorganic materials such as titanium oxide, plant-based carriers such as wood flour, corn stalks (cobs), walnut shells (nut husks), fruit kernels, rice husks, coconut shells, sawdust, bran, soybean flour, powdered cellulose, starch, dextrin, and sugars (lactose, sucrose, etc.), and various polymeric carriers such as cross-linked lignin, cationic gels, gelatin that gels with heat or polyvalent metal salts, water-soluble polymer gels (agar, etc.), chlorinated polyethylene, chlorinated polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers, and urea / aldehyde resins.

[0040] Examples of liquid carriers include aliphatic solvents such as paraffins (normal paraffin, isoparaffin, naphthene), aromatic solvents such as xylene, alkylbenzene, alkylnaphthalene, and solvent naphtha, mixed solvents such as kerosene, machine oils such as refined high-boiling aliphatic hydrocarbons, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, and cyclohexanol, polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, hexylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol, polyhydric alcohol derivatives such as propylene glycol ethers, acetone, acetophenone, cyclohexane ... ketones such as cyclohexanone, methylcyclohexanone, and γ-butyrolactone; esters such as fatty acid methyl esters (coconut oil fatty acid methyl esters), ethylhexyl lactate, propylene carbonate, and dibasic acid methyl esters (dimethyl succinate, dimethyl glutamate, dimethyl adipate); nitrogen-containing solvents such as N-alkylpyrrolidones and acetonitrile; sulfur-containing solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide; oils and fats such as coconut oil, soybean oil, and rapeseed oil; amide solvents such as dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethyloctanamide, N,N-dimethyldecanamide, 5-(dimethylamino)-2-methyl-5-oxo-valeric acid methyl ester, and N-acylmorpholine solvents (CAS No. 887947-29-7, etc.); and water.

[0041] As the surfactant, various surfactants such as nonionic surfactants, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, silicone surfactants, fluorine-based surfactants and biosurfactants can be used.

[0042] Examples of the nonionic surfactants include sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene resin acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty acid diesters, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene dialkylphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether formalin condensates, polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymers, alkyl polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer ethers, alkyl phenyl polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer ethers, polyoxyethylene alkylamines, polyoxyethylene fatty acid amides, polyoxyethylene fatty acid bisphenyl ethers, polyoxyethylene benzylphenyl (or phenylphenyl) ethers, polyoxyethylene styrylphenyl (or phenylphenyl) ethers, polyoxyethylene castor oil, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, and alkyl glycosides.

[0043] Examples of the anionic surfactant include sulfates such as alkyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether sulfate, polyoxyethylene benzyl (or styryl)phenyl (or phenylphenyl) ether sulfate, and polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer sulfate, paraffin (alkane) sulfonate, α-olefin sulfonate, dialkyl sulfosuccinate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, mono- or dialkylnaphthalene sulfonate, naphthalene sulfonate-formalin condensate, alkyldiphenyl ether disulfonate, lignin sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ... Examples of suitable carboxylic acids include sulfonates such as polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether sulfonate and polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfosuccinic acid half ester, carboxylates such as fatty acids, resin acids, polycarboxylic acids, alkyl ether carboxylates, alkenyl succinic acids, N-acyl amino acids and naphthenic acids, and phosphates such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene mono- or dialkyl phenyl ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene benzyl (or styryl) phenyl (or phenylphenyl) ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene / polyoxypropylene block polymer phosphate and alkyl phosphate.

[0044] Examples of the cationic surfactant include salts of amines such as alkylamines and alkylpentamethylpropylenediamines, and salts of ammoniums such as alkyltrimethylammonium, methylpolyoxyethylenealkylammonium, alkylpyridinium, mono- or di-alkylmethylated ammonium, alkyldimethylbenzalkonium, and benzethonium (octylphenoxyethoxyethyldimethylbenzylammonium).

[0045] Examples of the amphoteric surfactant include dialkyldiaminoethyl betaine, alkyldimethylbenzyl betaine, and lecithin (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, etc.).

[0046] Examples of the silicone surfactant include trisiloxane ethoxylate.

[0047] Examples of the fluorosurfactant include perfluoroalkyl carboxylates, perfluoroalkyl sulfonates, and perfluoroalkyl trimethylammonium salts.

[0048] Examples of the biosurfactants include sophorolipid, rhamnolipid, trehalose lipid, mannosylalditol lipid, cellobiose lipid, glucose lipid, oligosaccharide fatty acid ester, spiculesporic acid, corynomycolic acid, agaritic acid, surfactin, cerawettin, viscosin, lykensin, arthrofactin, emulsan, and alasan.

[0049] Examples of other adjuvants include inorganic salts (sodium, potassium, etc.) used as pH adjusters, water-soluble salts such as table salt, xanthan gum, guar gum, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxyvinyl polymers, acrylic polymers, polyvinyl alcohol, starch derivatives, water-soluble polymers (polysaccharides, etc.), alginic acid and its salts, etc. used as thickeners, metal stearates, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, etc. used as disintegrating and dispersing agents, benzoic acid and its salts, sorbic acid and its salts, propionic acid and its salts, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, 1,2-benzothiazolin-3-one, etc. used as preservatives, and supplements. These include sodium polyphosphate, sodium polyacrylate, sodium lignosulfonate, sodium citrate, gluconate / sodium glucoheptanoate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and its disodium salt or ammonium salt, etc., which are used as colorants, pigments, dyes, etc., which are used as colorants, fluorine-based antifoaming agents, silicone-based antifoaming agents, ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers, etc., which are used as antioxidants, phenol-based antioxidants, amine-based antioxidants, sulfur-based antioxidants, phosphoric acid-based antioxidants, etc., which are used as ultraviolet absorbers, salicylic acid-based ultraviolet absorbers, benzophenone-based ultraviolet absorbers, etc., which are used as ultraviolet absorbers, quicklime, magnesium oxide, etc., which are used as desiccants, as well as spreading agents and phytotoxicity safeners, etc.

[0050] (Other active ingredients) Examples of other active ingredients include active ingredients contained in biostimulants, plant growth regulators, fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides and herbicides. Note that, by using other biostimulants in combination with the above-mentioned damage recovery improver or physical stress tolerance improver, it is also possible to further improve tolerance to various abiotic stresses and enhance the growth promotion effect.

[0051] Examples of the biostimulants include seaweed extract, corn extract, microalgae, mycorrhizal fungi, humic acid, fulvic acid, oxidized glutathione, L-proline, glycine betaine, 5-aminolevulinic acid, 2-hexenal, trehalose, silicic acid, nicotinic acid, acetic acid, and ethanol.

[0052] Examples of the plant growth regulator include aminoethoxyvinylglycine, chlormequat, chlorpropham, cyclanilide, dikegulac, daminozide, ethephon, flurprimidol, flumetralin, forchlorfenuron, gibberellin, mepiquat chloride, methylcyclopropene, benzylaminopurine, paclobutrazol, prohexadione, thidiazuron, tributyl phosphorotrithioate, trinexapac-ethyl, uniconazole, sodium 1-naphthaleneacetate, 1-methylpropanol ... -naphthylacetamide, 1-methylcyclopropene, 4-CPA (4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid), MCPB (ethyl 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxybutyrate), isoprothiolane, indolebutyric acid, ethychlozate, calcium formate, chlormequat, choline, cyanamide, dichlorprop, decyl alcohol, sorbitan trioleate, nicosulfuron, pyraflufen-ethyl, butruarin, prohydrojasmone, anicifluprine, and pendimethalin.

[0053] Examples of the fungicides include nucleic acid synthesis metabolic inhibitors, fungicides acting on the cytoskeleton and motor proteins, respiratory inhibitors, amino acid / protein biosynthesis inhibitors, signal transduction inhibitors, lipid biosynthesis or transport / cell membrane structure or function inhibitors, cell membrane sterol biosynthesis inhibitors, cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors, melanin biosynthesis inhibitors, host plant resistance inducers, multi-site fungicides, and biological pesticides / biologically derived pesticides with multiple mechanisms of action.

[0054] Specific examples of the nucleic acid synthesis metabolic inhibitor include benalaxyl, benalaxyl M or chiralaxyl, furalaxyl, metalaxyl, metalaxyl M or mefenoxam, ofurace, oxadixyl, bupirimate, dimethirimol, ethirimol, hydroxyisoxazole, octhilinone, and oxolinic acid.

[0055] Examples of fungicides that act on the cytoskeleton and motor proteins include benomyl, carbendazim, fuberidazole, thiabendazole, thiophanate, thiophanate-methyl, diethofencarb, ethaboxam, pencycuron, zoxamide, fluopicolide, fluopimomide, fenamacril, metrafenone, and pyriophenone.

[0056] Examples of such respiratory inhibitors include diflumetrim, fenazaquin, tolfenpyrad, benodanil, benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, flubeneteram, fluindapyr, fluopyram, flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, inpirfluxam, isofetamide, isoflucipram, isopyrazam, mepronil, oxycarboxin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, pydiflumetofen, pyrapropoin, pyraziflumid, sedaxane, thifluzamide, azoxystrobin, cumoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestrobin, enoxastrobin, famoxadone, and phenamide. These include phenaminestrobin, flufenoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, mandestrobin, metominostrobin, methyltetraprole, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyroxystrobin, pyribencarb, triclopyricarb, trifloxystrobin, amisulbrom, cyazofamid, fenpicoxamide, florylpicoxamide, methallylpicoxamide, binapacryl, dinocap, fluazinam, meptyldinocap, triphenyltin acetate, triphenyltin chloride, triphenyltin hydroxide, silthiofam, and ametoctrazine.

[0057] Examples of the amino acid / protein biosynthesis inhibitors include cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil, blasticidin S, kasugamycin, streptomycin, and oxytetracycline.

[0058] Examples of the signal transduction inhibitors include proquinazid, quinoxyfen, fludioxonil, chlozolinate, dimethaclon, fenpiclonil, iprodione, procymidone, and vinclozolin.

[0059] Examples of the lipid biosynthesis or transport / cell membrane structure or function inhibitors include edifenphos (EDDP), iprobenfos (IBP), isoprothiolane, pyrazophos, biphenyl, chloroneb, dicloran (CNA), etridiazole, quintozene (PCNB), tecnazene (TCNB), tolclofos-methyl, iodocarb, propamocarb, prothiocarb, tea tree extract, vegetable oil mixture (eugenol, geraniol, thymol), natamycin (pimaricin), fluoxapiprolin, and oxathiapiprolin.

[0060] Examples of inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis in the cell membrane include azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluoxythioconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imazalil, imibenconazole, ipconazole, ipfentrifluconazole, mefentrifluconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, pefurazoate, penconazole, prochloraz, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triflumizole, triticonazole, fenarimol, nuarimol, pyrifenol, oxaloxazole, pyrisoxazole, triforine, methyl (2RS)-2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propanoate, 1-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methylcyclopentan-1-ol, methyl 2-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-hydroxy-1-methylcyclopentane-1-carboxylate, aldimorph, dodemorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, piperalin, spiroxamine, fenhexamid, fenpyrazamine, pyributicarb, naftifine, and terbinafine.

[0061] Examples of the cell wall biosynthesis inhibitor include polyoxin, benthiavalicarb (benthiavalicarb isopropyl), dimethomorph, flumorph, iprovalicarb, mandipropamid, pyrimorph, and valifenalate.

[0062] Examples of the melanin biosynthesis inhibitors include fthalide, pyroquilon, tricyclazole, carpropamid, diclocymet, fenoxanil, and tolprocarb.

[0063] Examples of the resistance inducer for the host plant include acibenzolar-S-methyl, probenazole, tiadinil, isotianil, laminarin, giant knotweed extract, Bacillus mycoides isolate J, cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain LAS117, fosetyl (fosetyl-aluminum, fosetyl potassium, fosetyl sodium), phosphoric acid, phosphate salts, and diclobentiazox.

[0064] Examples of multi-site fungicides include ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, propineb, thiuram, zinc thiazole, zineb, ziram, ambam, anilazine, dithianon, dichlofluanid, tolylfluanid, guazatine, iminoctadine acetate, iminoctadine albesilate, copper or various copper salts (e.g., basic copper chloride, cupric hydroxide, basic copper sulfate, copper sulfate, organic copper (oxine copper), copper nonylphenolsulfonate, DBEDC, etc.), sulfur, captan, captafol, folpet, TPN (chlorothalonil), quinoxalines (quinomethionate), fluorimide, and metasulfocarb.

[0065] Examples of biopesticides / biological pesticides having multiple modes of action include Bacillus subtilis AFS032321 strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713 strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB24 strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBI600 strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D747 strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens F727 strain, Clonostachys rosea CR-7 strain, and Gliocladium catenarata. Examples of suitable extracts include extracts from Trichoderma atroviride strain J1446, Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain AFS009, Streptomyces griseoviridis strain K61, Streptomyces lidicus strain WYEC108, Trichoderma atroviride strain I-1237, Trichoderma atroviride strain LU132, Trichoderma atroviride strain SC1, Trichoderma asperellum strain T34, Swainglea glutinosa, and extracts from cotyledons of lupin seedlings.

[0066] Other examples of compounds for fungicide use include chlorinconazid, seboxylamine, flumethylsulfolim, flufenoxadiazam, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, diclomedine, dipimethitron, dodine, fenitropan, ferimzone, flusulfamide, flutianil, harpin, inorganic salts (bicarbonates (sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate), potassium carbonate), ipflufenoquin, quinoprol, natural product origin, machine oil, organic oil, picarbutrazox, pyridaclomethyl, quinofumelin, tebufloquine, tecloftalam (bactericide), triazoxide, validamycin, aminopyrifen, and shiitake mushroom mycelium extract.

[0067] Examples of such insecticides include acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, GABA-gated chloride channel blockers, sodium channel modulators, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators, glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators, juvenile hormone analogs, other non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors, chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators, mite growth inhibitors acting on CHS1, microbial-derived insect midgut membrane disruptors, mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors, oxidative phosphorylation uncouplers that disrupt the proton gradient ... nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) These include cholinergic receptor (nAChR) channel blockers, chitin biosynthesis inhibitors acting on CHS1, chitin biosynthesis inhibitors (type 1), molting inhibitors (Diptera), molting hormone (ecdysone) receptor agonists, octopamine receptor agonists, mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III inhibitors, mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I inhibitors (METI), voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors, mitochondrial electron transport chain complex IV inhibitors, mitochondrial electron transport chain complex II inhibitors, ryanodine receptor modulators, chordotonal organ modulators, GABA-gated chloride ion channel allosteric modulators, and baculovirus.

[0068] Specific examples of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors include alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, NAC (carbaryl), carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, BPMC (fenobucarb), fenothiocarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, MIPC (isoprocarb), methiocarb, methomyl, MTMC (metolcarb), oxamyl, pirimicarb, PHC (propoxur), thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC, MPMC (xylylcarb), Rub), acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyphos, CVP (chlorfenvinphos), chlormephos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, CYAP (cyanophos), demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, DDVP (dichlorvos), dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, ethylthiometon (disulfoton), EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, fenflur, fenamiphos, MEP (fenitrothion), MPP (fenthion), fosthiazate, heptenophos, imicyaphos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, DMTP (methidathion), mevinphos, monocrotophos, BRP (naled), omethoate, oxydemeton methyl, parathion, methyl parathion (parathion methyl), PAP (phenthoate), phorate, phosalone, PMP (phosmet), phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos methyl, profenofos, propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, CVMP (tetrachlorvinphos), thiometon, triazophos, DEP (trichlorfon), and vamidothion.

[0069] Examples of the GABA-gated chloride ion channel blockers include chlordane, benzoepine (endosulfan), dienochlor, ethiprole, fipronil, pyriprole, and nicofluprole.

[0070] Examples of such sodium channel modulators include acrinathrin, allethrin (allethrin, d-cis-trans-, d-trans-isomers), bifenthrin, bioallethrin (bioallethrin, S-cyclopentenyl-isomer), bioresmethrin, chloroprallethrin, chlorfenthrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin (cyfluthrin, β-isomer), cyhalothrin (cyhalothrin, λ-, γ-isomers), cypermethrin (cypermethrin, α-, β-, θ-, ζ-isomers), cyphenothrin [(1R)-trans isomer], deltamethrin, dimefluthrin, empenthrin [(EZ)-(1R)-isomer], esfenvalerate, etofenprox, flumethrin ... Examples of such insecticides include fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flubrocythrinate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, fluvalinate (τ-fluvalinate), halfenprox, imiprothrin, kadesrin, metofluthrin, momfluorothrin, epsilon metofluthrin, epsilon momfluorothrin, permethrin, fenothrin [(1R)-trans isomer], prallethrin, profluthrin, pyrethrins, resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, phthalthrin (tetramethrin), tetramethrin [(1R)-isomer], tralomethrin, transfluthrin, DDT, methoxychlor, aldrin, dieldrin, and lindane (lindane).

[0071] Examples of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators include acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, nicotine sulfate (nicotine), sulfoxaflor, flupyradifurone, dichloromezothiaz, phenmezodithiaz, and triflumezopyrim.

[0072] Examples of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators include spinetoram, spinosad, flupirimine, and GS-omega / kappa HXTX-Hv1a peptide.

[0073] Examples of the glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators include abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin, and milbemectin.

[0074] Examples of the juvenile hormone mimetics include hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene, fenoxycarb, and pyriproxyfen.

[0075] Examples of the above and other non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors include methyl bromide, other alkyl halides, chloropicrin, sodium aluminum fluoride, sulfuryl fluoride, borax, boric acid, disodium octaborate, sodium metaborate, tartar emetic, dazomet, carbam (metam ammonium salt), metam sodium salt, and methyl isothiocyanate (methyl isothiocyanate).

[0076] Examples of such chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators include pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazone, and afidopiropen.

[0077] Examples of the acarid growth inhibitors acting on CHS1 include clofentezine, diflobidazine, hexythiazox, and etoxazole.

[0078] Examples of the insect midgut membrane disrupting agent derived from a microorganism include Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis, B.t. These include proteins found in crops (Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Bb, Cry34Ab1 / Cry35Ab1) and Bacillus sphaericus.

[0079] Examples of the mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitors include diafenthiuron, azocyclotin, tricyclohexyltin hydroxide (cyhexatin), fenbutatin oxide, BPPS (propargite), and tetradifon.

[0080] Examples of oxidative phosphorylation uncouplers that disrupt the proton gradient include chlorfenapyr, DNOC, and sulfluramide.

[0081] Examples of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers include bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam, thiosultap sodium salt, and monosultap.

[0082] Examples of the chitin biosynthesis inhibitors acting on CHS1 include bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, and triflumuron.

[0083] Examples of the chitin biosynthesis inhibitor (type 1) include buprofezin.

[0084] Examples of the molting inhibitors (Diptera) include cyromazine.

[0085] Examples of the molting hormone (ecdysone) receptor agonists include chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, and tebufenozide.

[0086] Examples of the octopamine receptor agonists include amitraz.

[0087] Examples of the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III inhibitor include hydramethylnon, acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim, flupiroxystrobin, and bifenazate.

[0088] Examples of the mitochondrial electron transport complex I inhibitors (METI) include fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyridaben, pyrimidifen, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, and derris (rotenone).

[0089] Examples of the voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers include indoxacarb and metaflumizone.

[0090] Examples of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitor include spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spiropydione, spidoxamat, spirobudifen, and spirotetramat.

[0091] The mitochondrial electron transport chain complex IV inhibitors include aluminum phosphide, calcium phosphide, hydrogen phosphide, zinc phosphide, hydrocyanic acid (calcium cyanide, sodium cyanide), potassium cyanide, and the like.

[0092] Examples of the mitochondrial electron transport chain complex II inhibitor include cyenopyrafen, cetopyrafen, cyflumetofen, piflubumid, and cyclobutrifluram.

[0093] The ryanodine receptor modulators include chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, flubendiamide, tetraniliprole, fluchlordiniliprole, thiolanthraniliprole, pioxaniliprole, tetrachlorantraniliprole, cyhalodiamide, and ciproflanilide.

[0094] Examples of such chordotonal organ modulators include flonicamide and the like.

[0095] Examples of the GABA-gated chloride ion channel allosteric modulators include broflanilide, fluxametamide, and isocycloceram.

[0096] Examples of such baculoviruses include the codling moth Cydia pomonella GV, the false codling moth Thaumatotibia leucotreta GV, the velvet bean caterpillar Anticarsis gemmatalis MNPV, and the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera NPV.

[0097] Examples of other insecticides, acaricides and nematicides include azadirachtin, benzomate (benzoximate), phenisobromorate (bromopropylate), quinoxalines (quinomethionate), Kelthane (dicofol), lime sulfur, mancozeb, pyridalyl, sulfur, acinonapyr, amidoflumet, benzpyrimoxane, fluazaindolizine, fluensulfone, fluhexafon, flupentiofenox, flometoquin, metaldehyde, cyclopyrazoflurane, zinzpropylidaz, trifluenfuronate, indazapiroxamet, sulfiflumin, bisulfufen, isoflualanum, pi These include perfuranilide, Burkholderia spp., Wolbachia pipientis (Zap), Atractylodes macrocarpa extract, glycerin or fatty acid monoesters with propanediol, neem oil, machine oil, rapeseed oil, formulated oil, starch, reduced starch saccharification product, sodium oleate, ferric phosphate, nemadectin, Beauveria bassiana strain, Metarhizium anisopria strain (F52), Paecilomyces fumosoroseus apopka strain (97), diatomaceous earth, DCIP (dichlorodiisopropyl ether), D-D (1,3 dichloropropene), levamisole hydrochloride, morantel tartrate, and tioxazafen.

[0098] Examples of the herbicide include acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor compounds, amino acid compounds, cyclohexanedione compounds, acetamide compounds, bipyridylium compounds, allyloxyphenoxypropionic acid compounds, carbamate compounds, pyridine compounds, urea compounds, dinitroaniline compounds, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor compounds, phenoxyacetic acid compounds, hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor compounds, and triazine compounds.

[0099] Specifically, examples of the acetolactate synthesis (ALS) inhibitor compounds include imazamethabenz and imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr, amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron and bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron and chlorimuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethametsulfuron and ethametsulfuron. Methyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, flupyrsulfuron methyl and its salts, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, halosulfuron methyl, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron and its salts, iodosulfuron methyl and its salts, mesosulfuron, mesosulfuron methyl, metazosulfuron, metsulfuron, metsulfuron methyl, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, primisulfuron These include rimisulfuron methyl, propyrisulfuron, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron ethyl, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfometuron methyl, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron, thifensulfuron methyl, triasulfuron, tribenuron, tribenuron methyl, trifloxysulfuron and its salts, triflusulfuron, triflusulfuron methyl, tritosulfuron, imizamethabenz methyl, bispyribac-sodium, cloransulam, cloransulam-methyl, diclosulam, florasulam, flucarbazone and its salts, flumetsulam, metosulam, orthosulfamuron, penoxsulam, pyroxsulam, propoxycarbazone and its salts, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrimisulfan, pyrithiobac and its salts, pyroxisulam, thiencarbazone, thiencarbazone-methyl, and triafamone.

[0100] Examples of the amino acid compound include bialaphos and its salts, glufosinate and its salts, glufosinate P and its salts, and glyphosate and its salts.

[0101] Examples of the cyclohexanedione compounds include alloxydim, butroxydim, clethodim, cloproxidim, cycloxydim, propoxydim, sethoxydim, tepraloxydim, tralkoxydim, and feproxidim.

[0102] Examples of the acetamide compounds include napropamide, dimethachlor, petoxamide, acetochlor, alachlor, allidochlor (CDAA), butenachlor, delaclor, diethatylethyl, propisochlor, pirinachlor, butachlor, dimethenamid, dimethenamid P, metazachlor, metolachlor, S-metolachlor, pretilachlor, propachlor, thenylchlor, flufenacet, and mefenacet.

[0103] Examples of the bipyridylium compounds include cyperquat, morphamquat, diquat, and paraquat.

[0104] Examples of the allyloxyphenoxypropionic acid compounds include clodinafop, clodinafop propargyl, clofop, cyhalofop butyl, diclofop, diclofop methyl, diclofop P methyl, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop ethyl, fenoxaprop P ethyl, fluazifop, fluazifop butyl, fluazifop P butyl, haloxyfop, haloxyfop methyl, haloxyfop P methyl, isoxapiripop, metamifop, propaquizafop, quizalofop, quizalofop ethyl, quizalofop P ethyl, and quizalofop P tefuryl.

[0105] Examples of the carbamate compounds include asulam, carbetamide, desmedipham, chlorprocarb, phenisopham, cycloate, dimepiperate, pebulate, thiocarbazyl, vernalate, barban, chlorbufam, chlorpropham, propham, swep, phenmedipham, butyrate, EPTC, esprocarb, molinate, orbencarb, prosulfocarb, pyributicarb, thiobencarb (benthiocarb), and triallate.

[0106] Examples of the pyridine compounds include aminopyralid, clopyralid, diflufenican, dithiopyr, fluridone, fluroxypyr, haloxifene, florpyrauxifene, picloram and its salts, picolinafen, thiazopyr, and triclopyr and its salts.

[0107] Examples of the urea compounds include benzthiazolone, bromuron, buturon, chlorbromuron, chloroxuron, difenoxuron, dimefuron, ethidimuron, fenuron, fluothiuron, metobenzuron, metobromuron, metoxuron, monolinuron, monuron (CMU), nebron, parafluron, siduron, thiazafluron, chlorotoluron, dymron, diuron (DCMU), fluometuron, isoproturon, linuron, methabenzthiazuron, tebuthiuron, cumyluron, carbutilate, and isouron.

[0108] The dinitroaniline compounds include benfluralin (besrodin), butralin, dinitramine, ethalfluralin, fluchloralin, isopropaline, nitralin, profluralin, oryzalin, pendimethalin, prodiamine, and trifluralin.

[0109] Examples of the protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor compounds include acifluorfen, aclonifen, azafenidin, bifenox, clomethoxynil, ethoxyfene, ethoxyfen-ethyl, fomesafen, fluazolate, fluoroglycofen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, halosafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen, butafenacil, epirifenacil, chlornitrofen (CNP), fluorodifen, fluoronitrofen (CFNP), nitrofen (NIP), oxiflufen, chlorphthalim, flumipropyne, carfentrazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, cinidon-ethyl, flumiclorac pentyl, flumioxazin, fluthiacet, fluthiacet-methyl, oxadiargyl, oxadiazone, pentoxazone, pyraclonil, pyraflufen, pyraflufen-ethyl, saflufenacil, sulfentrazone, thidiazimine, benzfendizone, profluazole, and flufenpyr-ethyl.

[0110] Examples of the phenoxyacetic acid compounds include 2,4,5-T, 2,4-D and salts thereof, 2,4-DB and salts thereof, clomeprop, dichlorprop, fenoprop, MCPA and salts thereof, MCPB and salts thereof, mecoprop (MCPP) and salts thereof, and mecoprop P and salts thereof.

[0111] Examples of the hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase enzyme (HPPD) inhibitor compounds include benzobicyclon, benzofenap, bicyclopyrone, isoxaflutole, mesotrione, pyrasulfotole, pyrazolinate (pyrazolate), pyrazoxyfen, sulcotrione, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, topramezone, fenquinotrione, and tolpyralate.

[0112] Examples of the triazine compounds include atraton, adiprothrin, chlorazine, cyprazine, desmetrin, dipropetrin, eglinadin ethyl, ipazine, metoprothrin, procyazine, proglinadin, prometon, propazine, sebutylazine, secbumeton, terbumeton, trietazine, ametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, dimethametryn, hexazinone, indaziflam, metamitron, metribuzin, prometryn, simazine (CAT), simetryn, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, and triaziflam.

[0113] Examples of other herbicides include amicarbazone, ethiozin, isomethiozin, aminocyclopyrachlor, aminotriazole, anilofos, piperophos, beflubutamid, benazolin, benfuresate, bentazone, bromacil, isocyl, bromobutide, bromofenoxime, bromoxynil, butamifos, DMPA, TCTP (chlorthal dimethyl), cafenstrole, chloridazon (PAC), brompyrazone, chlorthal, clomazone, cumyluron, dicamba (MDBA) and its salts, chloramben, TCBA (2,3,8-TBA), benazolin ethyl, chlorfenac, chlorfenprop, dichlobenil (DBN), chlorthiamid (DCBN), cinmethylin, methiozolin, amitrole, flamproprop M, fosamine, methyldymron, monalid, MSMA, difenzoquat, diflufenzopyr, endothal and its salts, ethofumesate, etobenzanide, fenoxasulfone, fentrazamide, flupoxam, fluorochloridone, flurtamo phenanthrene, indanophan, tridiphane, ioxynil, ipfencarbazone, isoxaben, triazifuran, lenacil, methylarsonic acid, naptalam, flurochloridone, norflurazon, oxaziclomefone, pinoxaden, chloranocryl dicryl, pentanochlor (CMMP), propanil, propyzamide, pyridate, pyroxasulfone, promacyl, quinclorac, quinmerac, quinoclamine, terbacil, cyclopyrimorate, Florpyrauxifen-benzyl, Lancotrione and its salts, cyclopyranyl, bixlozone, tetflupirolimet, dimesulfazate, dinosam, dinoseb (DNBP), DNOC, dinoterb, ethinofen, medinoterb, DSMA, cacodylic acid, diphenamide, naproanilide, tebutam, bensulide, dalapon, TCA, mefluidide, pefluidone, CA MA, thiafenacil, trifludimoxadine, rimisoxafen, fenpyrazone, dioxopyritrione, sipirafluone, bipyrazone, benquitrione, fluchloraminopyr, pyriflubenzoxim, flufenoximacil, iptriazopyride, flusulfinam, broclozone, indlauxpyr, icaforin, pyraquinate, metoproxibicyclon, tetrapion (flupropanate) and its salts, and d-limonene.

[0114] [Content] The content of the active ingredient in the formulation can be determined as desired depending on the dosage form, the amount to be applied to plants, etc. For example, the formulation preferably contains the active ingredient in an amount of 0.01% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the formulation.

[0115] The above preparation may be used as a treatment agent as it is, or may be used as a treatment agent prepared by mixing it with the above-mentioned adjuvants or other active ingredients, if desired.

[0116] [Manufacturing Method] The above-mentioned agent for improving damage recovery and physical stress resistance can be prepared by a conventional method using the above-mentioned active ingredient. At this time, a preparation having a predetermined dosage form may be prepared using a solid carrier or a liquid carrier. The above-mentioned active ingredient may be an extract of a microorganism, plant, or seaweed containing the active ingredient. Furthermore, an extract of a microorganism, plant, or seaweed containing the above-mentioned active ingredient may be used as the agent for improving damage recovery or physical stress resistance.

[0117] The active ingredients may be stored and transported in a mixed state, or may be stored and transported in separate, unmixed states with the active ingredient contained in a first container and another active ingredient contained in a second container. Also, a first container containing the active ingredient and a second container containing another active ingredient may be packaged (kitted) into a product.

[0118] [Method for improving damage recovery or physical stress resistance of a plant] The above-mentioned damage recovery and physical stress resistance improving agent or a formulation containing the same can be applied to a plant prepared in advance, thereby improving the damage recovery or physical stress resistance of the plant.

[0119] The method of application is not particularly limited, and the compound may be applied by any method, such as spraying on foliage, mixing into water supply, spraying on soil, injection into the subsoil using an injector, treatment of seeds, bulbs, tubers, etc. (propagules), and direct application to plants.

[0120] When mixed into water supply, the formulation may be administered as a granule or treatment solution to the water supply to crops or to the surface water of paddy fields. For example, the concentration of the active ingredient in the water supply to crops may be 0.1 mg / L or more, preferably 1 mg / L or more. When administered to the surface water of paddy fields, the dosage of the active ingredient may be 0.1 g or more, preferably 1 g or more, per 10 are of paddy field.

[0121] When spraying on foliage or soil, for example, granules or the like may be administered to the planting hole or its surroundings when transplanting seedlings, or granules and wettable powders may be administered to the plant body containing the seeds or the soil surrounding the plant body. After spraying on the soil, the soil and the formulation may be stirred. When spraying on foliage or on the soil surface, the dosage of the active ingredient is 1 / 3 of the dosage of the active ingredient per 1 m of agricultural or horticultural land. ２ The amount can be 0.1 mg or more, and preferably 1 mg or more.

[0122] The propagules may be treated by mixing and stirring with a wettable powder or dust, or by immersing the propagules in a diluted wettable powder. Alternatively, the propagules may be coated with a formulation containing a solid carrier. The amount of active ingredient used for the propagule treatment may be at least 0.005 g, preferably at least 0.05 g, per 100 kg of seeds.

[0123] When improving the recovery from damage, the treatment agent may be applied before damage is expected to occur (for example, before the grass is cut), or after damage has occurred (for example, after the grass is cut).

[0124] The treated plants can be grown under normal conditions for growing such plants, and the plants grown in this manner may be transplanted after a certain period of growth into other soil or medium for further growth.

[0125] [Other Embodiments] It goes without saying that the above-described embodiments are exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention may include embodiments other than the above-described embodiments within the scope of its core technical concept.

[0126] The present invention will be described in detail based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

[0127] [Evaluation Example 1] Comparison of recovery from damage caused by excessive pruning Treatment agents in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were prepared to the concentrations shown in Table 1. Commercially available ergothioneine (EGT) and glycine betaine (GB) were used, and pure water was used as the solvent.

[0128] Evaluation was carried out using Kentucky bluegrass. Cut grass measuring approximately 250 mm in length and 550 mm in width was prepared and placed in a seedling box measuring 280 mm in length and 580 mm in width.

[0129] From early September 2023 to late September 2023, the lawn was managed outdoors at Kureha Central Research Institute (Iwaki City, Fukushima Prefecture) and watered by natural rain and sprinkling. Instead of sprinkling, 250 mL of the treatment agent was added to the soil, and one day later, the lawn was pruned by cutting at least one-third of the plant height so that the growing point was removed. After pruning, the lawn was photographed with a digital camera 16 days later, and the photographs were analyzed using image analysis software WinROOF (manufactured by Mitani Shoji Co., Ltd.) to quantify the green leaf area. The lawn mortality rate was calculated from the proportion of green area.

[0130] The recovery rate from injury was evaluated based on the mortality rate of the turfgrass. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1. The recovery rate from injury (evaluation value) was calculated using the following formula: Recovery rate from injury (evaluation value) (%) = {1 - (mortality rate in the test compound-treated area / mortality rate in the untreated area)} x 100

[0131]

[0132] As shown in Table 1, when lawn grass (Comparative Example 1), which dies at 86% rate due to excessive pruning, was treated with a treatment agent containing ergothioneine (EGT), the death rate was 43% (the recovery rate from damage was 50%). This result shows that the treatment agent of Example 1 is effective in improving the recovery of plants from damage.

[0133] In contrast, even when treated with a treatment agent containing glycine betaine (GB), which is described in Patent Document 1 as having the effect of improving stress tolerance, the mortality rate was only 62% (the recovery rate from damage was 28%). This result shows that a biostimulant such as glycine betaine (GB) does not necessarily have the effect of recovering from damage, and that the recovery effect from damage in Example 1 is an effect unique to this treatment agent.

[0134] [Evaluation Example 2] Comparison of tolerance to stress due to trampling The treatment agents of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were adjusted to the concentrations shown in Table 1. Commercially available ergothioneine (EGT) and glycine betaine (GB) were used, and pure water was used as the solvent.

[0135] Evaluation was carried out using Kentucky bluegrass. Cut grass measuring approximately 250 mm in length and 550 mm in width was prepared and placed in a seedling box measuring 280 mm in length and 580 mm in width.

[0136] From early September 2023 to late September 2023, the lawn was managed outdoors at Kureha Central Research Institute (Iwaki City, Fukushima Prefecture) and watered by natural rain and sprinkling. Instead of sprinkling, 250 mL of the treatment agent was added to the soil, and starting one day later, the entire surface of the lawn was trampled a total of 100 times daily for 10 days. Trampling was performed by a person weighing approximately 75 kg wearing rubber-soled shoes. 12 days after the trampling, the lawn was photographed with a digital camera, and the photographs were analyzed using image analysis software WinROOF (manufactured by Mitani Shoji Co., Ltd.) to quantify the green leaf area. The lawn mortality rate was calculated from the proportion of green area.

[0137] The physical stress suppression rate was then evaluated from the mortality rate of the turfgrass. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2. The physical stress suppression rate (evaluation value) was calculated using the following formula: Physical stress suppression rate (evaluation value) (%) = {1 - (mortality rate in the test compound-treated group / mortality rate in the untreated group)} x 100

[0138]

[0139] As shown in Table 2, when lawn grass (Comparative Example 3), which dies at 27% due to excessive trampling, was treated with a treatment agent containing ergothioneine (EGT), the mortality rate was 11% (physical stress suppression rate: 59%). This result shows that the treatment agent of Example 2 is effective in improving physical stress resistance.

[0140] In contrast, even when treated with a treatment agent containing glycine betaine (GB), which is described in Patent Document 1 as having a stress tolerance-improving effect, the mortality rate was 22% and the physical stress suppression rate was only 19%. These results show that glycine betaine (GB), a biostimulant that improves tolerance to stress caused by insufficient irrigation, does not necessarily have the effect of improving tolerance to physical stress, and that the effect of biostimulants can vary depending on the type of stress. It also shows that the effect of improving tolerance to physical stress in Example 2 is an effect unique to this treatment agent.

[0141] [Evaluation Example 3] Comparison of recovery from damage caused by excessive pruning The treatment agents of Example 3 and Comparative Examples 5 and 6 were prepared to the concentrations shown in Table 3 below. Commercially available ergothioneine (EGT) and glycine betaine (GB) were used, and pure water was used as the solvent.

[0142] Evaluation was carried out using turf grass (Korean lawn grass). Cut pieces of turf grass measuring approximately 180 mm in length and 270 mm in width were prepared and placed in a seedling box.

[0143] The plants were kept in a greenhouse set at a room temperature of 25°C and watered by sprinkling. Instead of sprinkling, 200 mL of the treatment agent was added to the soil, and one day later, the grass was pruned by cutting at least 1 / 7 of its height so that the growing point was removed. Five days after pruning, the grass was photographed with a digital camera, and the photographs were analyzed using image analysis software WinROOF (manufactured by Mitani Shoji Co., Ltd.) to quantify the green leaf area. The mortality rate of the grass was calculated from the proportion of green area.

[0144] The recovery rate from injury was evaluated based on the mortality rate of the turfgrass. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3. The recovery rate from injury (evaluation value) was calculated using the following formula: Recovery rate from injury (evaluation value) (%) = {1 - (mortality rate in the test compound-treated area / mortality rate in the untreated area)} x 100

[0145]

[0146] As shown in Table 3, when lawn grass (Comparative Example 5), which suffers from 50% death due to excessive pruning, was treated with a treatment agent containing ergothioneine (EGT), the death rate was 29% (the recovery rate from damage was 42%). This result shows that the treatment agent of Example 3 is effective in improving the recovery of plants from damage.

[0147] In contrast, even when treated with a treatment agent containing glycine betaine (GB), which is described in Patent Document 1 as having the effect of improving stress tolerance, the mortality rate was only 53% (-6% recovery rate from damage). This result shows that a biostimulant such as glycine betaine (GB) does not necessarily have the effect of recovering from damage, and that the recovery effect from damage in Example 3 is an effect unique to this treatment agent.

[0148] Evaluation Example 4: Comparison of recovery from damage caused by excessive pruning The treatment agents of Example 4 and Comparative Examples 7 and 8 were prepared to the concentrations shown in Table 4. Commercially available ergothioneine (EGT) and glycine betaine (GB) were used, and pure water was used as the solvent.

[0149] The evaluation was carried out using lawn grass (bentgrass). Cut grass measuring approximately 180 mm in length and 270 mm in width was prepared and placed in a nursery box.

[0150] The plants were kept in a greenhouse set at a room temperature of 25°C and watered by sprinkling. Instead of sprinkling, 200 mL of the treatment agent was added to the soil, and one day later the grass was pruned by cutting at least 1 / 10 of its height so that the growing point was removed. Five days after pruning, the grass was photographed with a digital camera, and the photographs were analyzed using image analysis software WinROOF (manufactured by Mitani Shoji Co., Ltd.) to quantify the green leaf area. The mortality rate of the grass was calculated from the proportion of green area.

[0151] The recovery rate from injury was evaluated based on the mortality rate of the turfgrass. The evaluation results are shown in Table 4. The recovery rate from injury (evaluation value) was calculated using the following formula: Recovery rate from injury (evaluation value) (%) = {1 - (mortality rate in the test compound-treated area / mortality rate in the untreated area)} x 100

[0152]

[0153] As shown in Table 4, when lawn grass (Comparative Example 7), which suffers from 82% death due to excessive pruning, was treated with a treatment agent containing ergothioneine (EGT), the death rate was 53% (the recovery rate from damage was 35%). This result shows that the treatment agent of Example 4 is effective in improving the recovery of plants from damage.

[0154] In contrast, even when treated with a treatment agent containing glycine betaine (GB), which is described in Patent Document 1 as having the effect of improving stress tolerance, the mortality rate was only 92% (-12% recovery rate from damage). This result shows that a biostimulant such as glycine betaine (GB) does not necessarily have the effect of recovering from damage, and that the recovery effect from damage in Example 4 is an effect unique to this treatment agent.

[0155] [Evaluation Example 5] Comparison of tolerance to stress due to trampling The treatment agents of Example 5 and Comparative Examples 7 and 8 were adjusted to the concentrations shown in Table 5. Commercially available ergothioneine (EGT) and glycine betaine (GB) were used, and pure water was used as the solvent.

[0156] Evaluation was carried out using rockweed (Kurapia K7). A planter measuring 370 mm in length, 640 mm in width, and 145 mm in depth was filled with a mixture of 3 kg of nursery soil (manufactured by Takii Seeds Co., Ltd.) and 1 kg of black soil, and 90 mm square rockweed seedlings were planted therein.

[0157] The plants were kept in a greenhouse set at a room temperature of 25°C and watered by sprinkling. Instead of sprinkling, 50 mL of the treatment agent was added to the soil, and starting one day later, the entire surface of the plants was trampled a total of 100 times per day for 11 days. Trampling was performed by a person weighing approximately 75 kg wearing rubber-soled shoes. One day after trampling, the plants were photographed with a digital camera, and the photographs were analyzed using image analysis software WinROOF (manufactured by Mitani Shoji Co., Ltd.) to quantify the green leaf area. The mortality rate of the plants was calculated from the proportion of green area.

[0158] The physical stress suppression rate was then evaluated from the mortality rate of the rockweed. The evaluation results are shown in Table 5. The physical stress suppression rate (evaluation value) was calculated using the following formula: Physical stress suppression rate (evaluation value) (%) = {1 - (mortality rate in the test compound-treated group / mortality rate in the untreated group)} x 100

[0159]

[0160] As shown in Table 5, when rockweed (Comparative Example 7), which suffers from 39% death due to excessive trampling, was treated with a treatment agent containing ergothioneine (EGT), the death rate was 19% (physical stress suppression rate was 50%) in Example 5. This result shows that the treatment agent of Example 5 is effective in improving physical stress resistance.

[0161] In contrast, even when treated with a treatment agent containing glycine betaine (GB), which is described in Patent Document 1 as having a stress tolerance-improving effect, the mortality rate in Comparative Example 8 was 38% and the physical stress suppression rate was only 1%. These results show that glycine betaine (GB), a biostimulant that improves tolerance to stress caused by insufficient irrigation, does not necessarily have the effect of improving tolerance to physical stress, and that the effect of biostimulants can vary depending on the type of stress. It also shows that the effect of improving tolerance to physical stress in Example 5 is an effect unique to this treatment agent.

[0162] This application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-197535, filed November 21, 2023. The entire disclosure and claims of that application as originally filed are incorporated herein by reference.

[0163] According to the present invention, the recovery ability of plants from damage and the resistance to physical stress can be improved, and the efficient use of plants can be promoted.

Claims

1. The present invention relates to a method for treating a plant disease, comprising administering to a patient a therapeutically effective amount of an active ingredient which is a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof: An agent that improves plant damage recovery. 【Chemistry 1】 (In formula (I), R １ and R ２ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R ３ , R ４ and R ５ each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

2. The compound represented by formula (I) is ergothioneine. The plant damage recovery improver according to claim 1.

3. The damage is the excision of the growing point of the plant. The plant damage recovery improver according to claim 1.

4. The damage is damage caused by trampling, damage caused by pruning, damage caused by pests, damage caused by animals and plants, damage caused by infestation by animals and plants, damage caused by contact with machinery, damage caused by contact with tools, or damage caused by exposure to electricity. The plant damage recovery improver according to claim 1.

5. The present invention relates to a method for treating a plant disease, comprising administering to a patient a therapeutically effective amount of an active ingredient which is a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof: A formulation for improving plant damage recovery. 【Chemistry 2】 (In formula (I), R １ and R ２ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R ３ , R ４ and R ５ each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

6. A method for improving the damage recovery of a plant, comprising the step of applying to the plant a treating agent containing the formulation according to claim 4.

7. A method comprising the step of damaging a plant. The method for improving the damage recovery of a plant according to claim 6.

8. The step of applying the treatment agent to a plant comprises: This is carried out before the step of damaging the plant. The method for improving the damage recovery of a plant according to claim 7.

9. The step of applying the treatment agent to a plant comprises: The step of damaging the plant is carried out after the step of damaging the plant. The method for improving the damage recovery of a plant according to claim 7.

10. A plant body that has been treated with a treatment agent containing the formulation according to claim 5 and has improved damage recovery ability.

11. propagules or transplants, The plant body according to claim 10.

12. It is Shiva, The plant body according to claim 10.

13. The present invention relates to a method for treating a plant disease, comprising administering to a patient a therapeutically effective amount of an active ingredient which is a compound represented by the following formula (I) or a tautomer thereof, or an agriculturally acceptable salt thereof: Improves plant resistance to physical stress. 【Transformation 3】 (In formula (I), R １ and R ２ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R ３ , R ４ and R ５ each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

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