Ion adsorption-type self-powered strain sensor based on ionic polymer

Abstract

The present invention discloses an ionic polymer-based ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor. An ionic polymer-based ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises an ionic polymer composite material containing ions internally, and a first electrode and a second electrode having different work functions attached to the ionic polymer composite material, thereby forming a base potential through the difference in the amount of ions physically adsorbed to each electrode surface, and including a mechanism in which the ion concentration in the tensile direction within the ionic polymer thin film decreases in response to an external tensile stimulus, so as to detect the degree of change in the potential difference between the two electrode ends based on the change in the amount of ions adsorbed to the surfaces of the first and second electrodes, thereby providing a self-driven tensile sensor that measures the degree of tensile without an external power source.

Description

Technology Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an ionic polymer-based ion adsorption self-driven tensile sensor, and more specifically, to a sensor that continuously measures static tensile force through electrodes having different work functions, an ionic polymer material containing ions internally, a potential difference generated due to a difference in the degree of ion adsorption within the ionic polymer to the surfaces of the different electrodes, and a change in the potential difference due to a change in the degree of adsorption caused by the tensile force of an ionic polymer film. Background Technology

[0002] In the fields of wearable devices and soft robotics, flexibility tensile sensors can be attached to elastic human skin and artificial skin to measure small ranges of tensiles for the user and robot skin and wide ranges of tensiles for the movement of joints and muscles, thereby measuring the current position and motion state of the body and robot.

[0003] As the movements of users and robots become more diverse, there is a growing demand for sensors with higher spatial resolution to acquire information regarding the state of the body and robots. Consequently, given the potential for increasing complexity in circuit configurations—such as power consumption, heat generation, and the use of Wheatstone bridges to collect analog signals from tension sensors—research is being conducted on self-actuating tension sensors that are flexible enough to track the movements of the skin and joints of the body and robots, while simultaneously requiring no external power source.

[0004] In addition to the robotics field, these sensors are useful for monitoring anomalies occurring in structures over long periods, such as bridges and buildings, and can also be applied to various testing equipment where existing tensile sensors are used.

[0005] Conventional self-actuated tensile sensors utilizing the piezoelectric method have the problem that they cannot measure static tension because the measurement voltage is generated only at the moment the piezoelectric material is stretched. Furthermore, the material used in the aforementioned piezoelectric method contains a crystalline phase with piezoelectric properties, which can undergo plastic deformation or cracking under high tension, leading to a gradual decrease in reliability regarding usage time.

[0006] In addition, conventional self-driving supercapacitor methods use a method of measuring external tension by gradually discharging a supercapacitor cell that has been charged once and utilizing the change in the voltage difference measured at both electrode terminals during tension. Since the sensor described above can no longer measure tension after the supercapacitor is completely discharged, it is not a method that completely eliminates the need for an external power supply. The sensor described above has a problem in that its internal material is composed of an electrolyte with low internal resistance, resulting in a rapid discharge rate, which causes the voltage difference between the two electrodes to decrease in real time and potentially lowers the reliability of the sensor. Prior art literature

[0007] Republic of Korea Published Patent Application No. 10-2023-0000087 The problem to be solved

[0008] One embodiment of the present invention aims to provide an ionic polymer-based ion adsorption self-driven tension sensor that measures static tension without an external power source by utilizing the potential difference between two electrodes caused by the difference in ion adsorption rates formed between an ionic polymer and a metal electrode having a different work function to overcome the problems of the prior art, and by measuring the degree of tension through the ion adsorption rate that changes as the ionic polymer is stretched. means of solving the problem

[0009] According to one aspect of the present invention, the ionic polymer composite comprises an ion that forms a reference potential by including an ion that is physically adsorbed on the electrode surface; and a first electrode and a second electrode each having different work functions and connected to both ends of the ionic polymer composite.

[0010] It further includes an elastomer adhesive layer attached to the first electrode, the second electrode, and the ionic polymer composite.

[0011] The above ionic polymer composite undergoes elastic deformation in response to external tensile stimulation, and the internal ion concentration decreases in the direction of external tensile force.

[0012] The above ionic polymer composite has the form of a thin film to facilitate measuring changes in the tensile direction, and has a thickness ranging from 0.01 mm to 1 mm.

[0013] The above ionic polymer composite has a length-to-width ratio in the range of 5 to 20.

[0014] The first electrode and the second electrode have different work functions and are one or more conductive materials selected from the group consisting of Ag, Al, Au, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, In, Mo, Nb, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru, Ta, Ti, W, Zr, ITO, graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and carbon nanotubes (CNT).

[0015] The first electrode and the second electrode are selected from one or more conductive polymer materials selected from the group consisting of polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythio-phene, PEDOT), and polyaniline, and are composite materials of one or more silicon-based elastomer materials selected from the group consisting of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and ecoflex and said conductive polymer materials.

[0016] The above elastomeric adhesive layer is one or more elastomeric adhesive layers selected from the group consisting of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), ecoflex, hydrogel, polyurethane (PU), and silicone rubber.

[0017] The above-mentioned elastomer adhesive layer is PDMS having a weight ratio of 30:1 to 50:1 between the main component, polydimethylsiloxane-A (Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-Amine, PDMS-A), and the curing agent, polydimethylsiloxane-B (Polydimethylsiloxane-B, PDMS-B).

[0018] The above ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor has a potential difference measured at each electrode as a reference potential due to the difference in work function between the first electrode and the second electrode before the deformation of the ionic polymer composite, and after the deformation of the ionic polymer composite, the amount of ions physically adsorbed on the surface of the first electrode and the second electrode decreases due to the decrease in internal ion concentration, and detects the degree of external tensile stimulation by the change in the potential difference measured at each electrode based on the change in the difference in the amount of ions physically adsorbed on the surface of the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0019] The above ionic polymer composite is one or more hydrogels selected from the group consisting of alginate, chitosan, gelatin and hyaluronic acid, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), PLGA (poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)) and pHEMA (poly(2-hydroethyl methacrylate)), using water as a solvent.

[0020] The above ionic polymer composite is based on one or more thermoplastic elastomers selected from the group consisting of styrenic block copolymer (TPE-S), thermoplastic polyolefin (TPE-O), thermoplastic vulcanisates (TPE-V), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPE-U), thermoplastic copolyester (TPE-E), melt processable rubber (MPR), and thermoplastic polyether block amides (TPE-A).

[0021] The above ionic polymer composite is based on a non-aqueous gel that does not contain water, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethanes, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, poly(methacrylate), polyimide, polysaccharide, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene), PVDF-TrFE, and poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene). It is one or more non-aqueous gels selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene (PVDF-CTFE).

[0022] The above ionic polymer composite may comprise a plasticizer within a matrix composed of a polymer main chain, comprising one or more combinations selected from the group of plasticizers for a PVC main chain consisting of polyvinylidene chloride (PVC) and DEHP (di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate), DOTP (dioctyl terephthalate), and DINP (diisononyl phthalate), and one or more non-aqueous gels selected from the group of combinations of a polymer main chain and a plasticizer consisting of polyethylene (PE) and hexane, polyurethane (PU) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), nitrile rubber (NBR) and acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), and silicone rubber and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane.

[0023] The above hydrogel is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal cations (Na+, K+, Li+, Rb+, Cs+), alkaline earth metal cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Be2+), transition metal cations (Fe2+ / Fe3+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Cr3+, Ag+), post-transition metal cations (Al3+, Sn2+, Pb2+), and other metal / nonmetal cations (H+, NH4+, Hg2+) as cations, and halide anions (Cl-, Br-, I-, F-) and oxoanions (NO3-, NO2-, SO42-, SO32-) as anions. It comprises one or more salts selected from the group consisting of CO32-, HCO3-, PO43-, H2PO4-, MnO4-, CrO42-, Cr2O72-) or OH- (hydroxide) and organic anions (CH3COO-, C2O42-, C6H5COO-), wherein the salts are selected considering the oxidation number of the cations and anions and hydration in water; in addition to the salts, it includes lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. Lithium (Lithium Trifluoromethanesulfonate, LiCF3SO3), Lithium Rhodanide,It is a hydrogel comprising one or more salts selected from the group consisting of LiSCN and lithium fluoroalkylphosphate (LiFAP).

[0024] The above thermoplastic elastomer and non-aqueous gel are selected from the group of cations consisting of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMIM), butylmethylimidazolium (BMIM), polymer (Py1,4), polymer (Py1,2), triethanolamine (TEA), dimethylethanolamine (DMEA), N-butylmethylpyridinium (NBuMPy), dimethyl isophthalate (DMI), N-methylprotoporphyrin (NMPP), and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium (HMIM) as cations, and as anions, The thermoplastic elastomer and non-aqueous gel comprise one or more pairs of conductive liquids selected from the group of anions consisting of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI), hexafluorophosphate (PF6), tetrafluoroborate (BF4), trifluoromethanesulfonate (CF3SO3), perchlorate (ClO4), dicyanamide (DCA), thiocyanate (SCN), fluoroalkylphosphate (FAP), and acetonitrile (ACN), and selected from the group of conductive liquids having a liquid phase at room temperature and pressure, taking into account the attractive force between the cation and the anion.

[0025] The above ionic polymer composite is produced through a solution-casting method, and is attached after coating the surface of the ionic polymer composite, the first electrode, and the second electrode with a solution through a dip-coating method.

[0026] The above ionic polymer composite is manufactured through a melt extrusion method, and the surfaces of the ionic polymer composite, the first electrode, and the second electrode are fixed by applying an adhesive or an adhesive layer that provides elasticity.

[0027] The adhesive layer is one or more adhesive layers selected from the group consisting of bisphenol A epoxy, novolac epoxy, modified cycloaliphatic epoxy, bisphenol F epoxy and phenolic epoxy, urethane series, cyanoacrylate series, methacrylate oligomer, styrene-butadiene-rubber, nitrile-rubber, butyl-rubber, silicone-rubber, chloroprene rubber and silver paste. Effects of the invention

[0028] The ionic polymer-based ion adsorption self-driven tensile sensor according to the present invention has the following effects.

[0029] In the present invention, regarding a sensor for measuring a potential difference formed by ion adsorption, the change in adsorption of ions contained within an ionic polymer composite to the surfaces of a first electrode and a second electrode due to external tension is measured without an external power source through a differential voltage measurement method. Furthermore, the ion adsorption type self-driven tension sensor utilizes an elastomer-based ionic polymer as a structure to detect tensile changes ranging from localized changes in skin and robots to high-level changes in joints, thereby proposing and realizing a new methodology for measuring static tension over a wide range without an external power source.

[0030] In addition, in the manufacturing method for forming an ionic polymer composite through the above solution casting method, the void between the surfaces of the first and second electrodes and the ionic polymer composite is reduced by impregnating the electrodes with the solution and then evaporating the solvent, thereby effectively reducing the contact resistance with the electrodes and solving the problem of the electrodes peeling off during tension. At the same time, since an additional adhesive layer is not required, the process is simplified, which has the effect of enabling the fabrication of an ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor. Brief explanation of the drawing

[0031] FIG. 1 (a) is a plan view and a side view illustrating the basic structure and a structure including a substrate of an ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor, and FIG. 1 (b) is a perspective view illustrating the basic structure and a structure including a substrate of an ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor. Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating the explanation of the ion adsorption rate according to different electrodes and ionic environments, and the results of the first principle calculated based on density functional theory. Figures 3 (a) and 3 (b) illustrate a method of attaching electrodes of ionic polymers using a solution casting method and a melt extrusion method. Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating the evaluation results of the contact resistance between an electrode attached by a solution casting method and an ionic polymer. Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating the capacitance trend of a symmetric cell fabricated with different electrodes. Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating the equipotential points of the electrode surfaces in an electrochemical three-electrode cell made of different electrodes. Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating the potential difference measured by a differential measurement method at different electrodes relative to the electrode. Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating the capacitance trends of symmetric cells fabricated with different ion concentrations. Figure 9 is a diagram illustrating the isopotential point trends appearing on the electrode surface in an electrochemical three-electrode cell fabricated with different ion concentrations. Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating the experimental results of potential difference measured by differential measurement in a tensile sensor made of aluminum and platinum electrodes and ionic polymers containing different ion concentrations. Figure 11 is a drawing showing an actual photograph of the ion adsorption type self-driven tension sensor of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the change in the differential potential difference measured at both electrode ends of the ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor of the present invention according to different tensile values. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating the change in the differential potential difference measured at both electrode ends of the ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor of the present invention when different tensile rates are applied. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating the high-cycle fatigue test results of the ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor of the present invention. Specific details for implementing the invention

[0032] Specific structural or functional descriptions of embodiments according to the concept of the present invention disclosed herein are provided merely for the purpose of explaining embodiments according to the concept of the present invention, and embodiments according to the concept of the present invention may be implemented in various forms and are not limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0033] Embodiments according to the concept of the present invention may be subject to various modifications and may take various forms; therefore, embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in this specification. However, this is not intended to limit the embodiments according to the concept of the present invention to specific disclosed forms, and includes modifications, equivalents, or substitutions that fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0034] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the ion adsorption type self-driven tension sensor according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

[0035] Examples

[0036] FIG. 1 (a) is a plan view and a side view illustrating the basic structure and a structure including a substrate of an ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor, and FIG. 1 (b) is a perspective view illustrating the basic structure and a structure including a substrate of an ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor.

[0037] The present invention provides an ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor (100) comprising two or more different types of first electrodes (110) and second electrodes (120) and an ionic polymer composite (130) having flexibility.

[0038] The ion adsorption type self-driven tension sensor (100) according to the present invention is further composed of a first electrode (110), a second electrode (120), and an elastic adhesive layer (140) attached to an ionic polymer composite (130).

[0039] In the ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor (100) according to the present invention, the first electrode (110) and the second electrode (120) have different work functions and are connected at both ends of the ionic polymer composite (130) at a distance from each other.

[0040] The ionic polymer composite (130) preferably has a width W and a length L, and the ratio of the length (L) to the width (W) is formed to a value between 1:5 and 1:20.

[0041] In addition, the ionic polymer composite (130) has a thin film shape to facilitate measuring changes in the tensile direction, and it is preferable that the thickness has a size between 0.01 mm and 1 mm.

[0042] The ionic polymer composite (130) can form a reference potential by including ions that are physically adsorbed onto the electrode surface. The ionic polymer composite (130) undergoes elastic deformation in response to external tensile stimulation, and the internal ion concentration decreases in the direction of external tensile stimulation.

[0043] The relationship between the work function of the electrode and the physisorption of ions within the ionic polymer is explained in more detail. Materials having a conduction band in their energy band structure contain free electrons and thus possess a Fermi level. The ionic polymer contains charged ions within the polymer bulk and, depending on the type of ion and the solvent environment, includes the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) on different molecular orbitals. Figure 2 illustrates an example regarding the Fermi level of the conductive material and the LUMO energy level of the cation within the ionic polymer when the conductive material and the ionic polymer come into contact.

[0044] FIG. 2 illustrates an example between the metal surfaces of aluminum, copper, gold, and platinum and an ionic polymer containing ion pairs of EMIM+ (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium) cations and TFSI- (bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) anions, which are conductive liquids having PVC (Polyvinylidene Chloride) as the backbone chain. As the work function of the electrode increases, the tendency for cations (EMIM+) within the ionic polymer to be adsorbed increases in the absence of an external power source applied to the electrode, and a larger amount of cations (EMIM+) are physically adsorbed onto the surface of the electrode. This provides a correlation regarding the cation adsorption tendency described above through Experimental Example 1.

[0045] In cases where no external power is supplied and the ion pairs contained within the ionic polymer do not undergo oxidation or reduction reactions with the electrode, the tendency of cations to be adsorbed toward the electrode is predominantly influenced by physical adsorption rather than chemisorption, and more specifically, the greater the difference between the LUMO energy level of the contained cations and the Fermi level of the electrode, the higher the tendency of cations to be adsorbed.

[0046] Generally, when an ionic polymer in the form of a thin film is stretched, the total number of moles of ions is maintained because there is no inflow or outflow of ions due to boundary conditions in the vacuum direction. In addition, in the above example, the ionic polymer has a thin film form of approximately 125 μm, so a decrease in the thickness direction is not considered when stretched. Therefore, the ion concentration in the stretching direction of the ionic polymer shows a tendency to decrease with stretching.

[0047] In the embodiment presented in FIG. 2 above, the physical adsorption tendency of cations (EMIM+) onto the electrode surface under different ion concentration environments is plotted together with the results of a first-principles calculation based on density functional theory. Each calculation result shows a tendency for the LUMO energy level to increase as the ion concentration increases, and as the difference from the Fermi level of the electrode gradually increases, the cation adsorption tendency increases proportionally to the ion concentration. This provides the correlation between the ion concentration and the cation adsorption tendency described above through Experimental Example 2.

[0048] Through Experimental Example 2 below, when an ionic polymer is stretched by an external stimulus, a phenomenon occurs in which the ion concentration in the direction of stretching gradually decreases. At this time, it was confirmed that the amount of cations physically adsorbed on the surfaces of the aluminum electrode and the platinum electrode included in the embodiment of the ion adsorption type self-driven tension sensor (100) decreases, and the value of the potential of zero charge (PZC) measured at each electrode decreases.

[0049] Although it will be described in more detail later through Experimental Example 2 below, Experimental Example 2 shows a tendency for the difference in isopotential points measured at each electrode to decrease as the ion concentration decreases, and it was confirmed that when an ionic polymer is stretched by an external stimulus, the difference in potential values ​​measured by the differential measurement method on the surfaces of each aluminum and platinum electrode can gradually decrease. Through this, a methodology can be provided to measure static tension through the stretching of an ionic polymer structure in response to an external stimulus.

[0050] FIG. 2 illustrates the structure of the ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor (100) of the present invention. In this embodiment, platinum is used as the first electrode (110) having a relatively high work function, and aluminum is used as the second electrode (120) having a relatively low work function. The first electrode (110) and the second electrode (120) may be conductive materials that include a conduction band within an energy band and contain free electrons and a work function. The conductive material may be composed of metallic materials such as Ag, Al, Au, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, In, Mo, Nb, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru, Ta, Ti, W, Zr, and ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), and may include an oxide of the metallic material or a composite material with silicon-based elastomer materials such as PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) and Ecoflex. Alternatively, it may include conductive polymer materials such as polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polythiophene, PEDOT (poly(3,4-ethylethylene dioxythiophene)), and polyaniline, and composite materials of said conductive polymer materials with silicon-based elastomer materials such as PDMS and Ecoflex. Additionally, it may include composite materials with silicon-based elastomer materials comprising carbon-based conductive materials such as graphene, reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes (multi-wall carbon nanotubes), and one selected from the group of said carbon-based conductive materials.

[0051] In addition, the ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor (100) of the present invention includes physical adsorption as a main mechanism and, as a means to maximize the effect of physical adsorption, may include a process for increasing the concentration of physical adsorbed cations relative to the electrode volume. It may be a method for manufacturing an electrode including a mesoporous structure, which is a structure including surface patterning and fine pores, based on the metal, metal oxide, composite material, conductive polymer, and carbon-based conductive material. The above patterning and structural processes may include one or more process methods selected from the group of lithography, electron beam lithography, nanoimprint, Vickers patterning, self-assembly, inkjet printing, roll-to-roll printing, spray coating, and electrospinning processes.

[0052] In FIG. 2 above, as one embodiment, a plasticizer is included as an ionic polymer material to secure flexibility and tensile strength, and a thermoplastic PVC polymer using an organic solvent including a conductive liquid [EMIM]+[TFSI]- and a liquid plasticizer DBA are added to secure flexibility of the material. The ionic polymer composite material (130) may include a hydrogel-based ionic polymer material containing water as a solvent. The main chain of the above hydrogel may include natural polymer-based materials such as alginate, chitosan, gelatin, and hyaluronic acid, and may include synthetic polymer-based materials such as polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), PLGA (poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)), and pHEMA (poly(2-hydroethyl methacrylate)).

[0053] The hydrogel may contain ions selected from the group of cations including alkali metal cations Na+, K+, Li+, Rb+, Cs+ and alkaline earth metal cations Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Be2+ and transition metal cations Fe2+ / Fe3+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Cr3+, Ag+ or post-transition metal cations Al3+, Sn2+, Pb2+ and other metal / non-metal cations H+, NH4+, Hg2+. Meanwhile, as an anion, it may include one selected from the group of anions including halide anions Cl-, Br-, I-, F- and oxoanions NO3-, NO2-, SO42-, SO32-, CO32-, HCO3-, PO43-, H2PO4-, MnO4-, CrO42-, Cr2O72- or OH- (hydroxide) and organic anions CH3COO-, C2O42-, C6H5COO-, and may include a salt forming one or more pairs of ions selected within the above categories, taking into account the oxidation number of each cation and anion. In addition, it may include special ionic salts that have weak bonds between cations and anions, exist in a liquid state at room temperature and pressure, or are hydrated in water to increase the ion mobility of the cations.As representative examples, specific ionic salts such as Li+TFSI-, Li+PF6-, EMIM+TFSI-, and Li+ClO4- may fall within this category, and ionic salts forming pairs of appropriate cations and anions selected from the groups of Li+, Na+, K+, EMIM+, BMIM+, TEA+, Mg2+, Al3+ cations and TFSI-, PF6-, ClO4-, BF4-, CF3SO3-, SCN-, FAP-, and DCA- anions may be included.

[0054] The above ionic polymer composite (130) may include a non-aqueous gel-based electrolyte that does not contain water inside when forming a structure. As the main chain of the above-mentioned non-aqueous gel, polyolefin-based polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polysiloxane-based PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyurethanes, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, poly(methacrylate), polyimide, polysaccharide, fluoropolymer-based PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene), PVDF (Polyvinylidiene fluoride), and copolymers of the said fluoropolymers such as PVDF-HFP (poly(vinylidiene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)) and PVDF-TrFE (poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)) It may include PVDF-CTFE (poly(vinylidene-fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene)).

[0055] In addition, the ionic polymer composite (130) may include a non-aqueous gel-based electrolyte that can secure the flexibility of the polymer by including a plasticizer within a matrix composed of polymer main chains. Although PVC (poly vinylidiene chloride) is a hard and brittle polymer, its flexibility can be increased by adding a plasticizer that is liquid at room temperature, such as DBA (dibutyl adipate). In the PVC, phthalate-based DEHP (di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate), DOTP (dioctyl terephthalate), and DINP (diisononyl phthalate) may be added as plasticizers. In addition, it may include flexible polymer materials based on PE (polyethylene) + Hexane, PU (polyurethane) + DBP (dibutyl phthalate), nitrile rubber (NBR) + ATBC (Acetyl tributyl citrate), and silicone rubber + octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane.

[0056] In addition, the ionic polymer composite (130) may include thermoplastic elastomer-based polymer materials such as TPE-S (styrenic block copolymer), TPE-O (thermoplastic polyolefin), TPE-V (thermoplastic vulcanisates), TPE-U (thermoplastic polyurethane), TPE-E (thermoplastic copolyester), MPR (melt processable rubber), and TPE-A (thermoplastic polyether block amides).

[0057] Since the above-mentioned non-aqueous gel material does not contain water internally, it is not suitable to include water-soluble salts that are hydrated in water and have fluidity as ions. Therefore, in order to use the above-mentioned non-aqueous gel material as an ionic polymer, it may include an ion selected from the group of cations EMIM+, BMIM+, Py1,4+, Py1,2+, TEA+, DMEA+, NBuMPy+, DMI+, NMPP+, HMIM+ that are soluble in organic solvents, and an ion selected from the group of anions TFSI-, PF6-, BF4-, CF3SO3-, ClO4-, DCA-, SCN-, FAP-, ACN- that forms a pair with the above-mentioned cation. Alternatively, it may include a liquid phase salt comprising one selected from the group of conductive liquids [EMIM]+[PF6]-, [BMIM]+[PF6]-, [EMIM]+[TFSI]-, [BMIM]+[TFSI]-, [Py1,4]+[BF4]- and [N8,8,8,8]+[Cl]- (1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium Chloride) which have a liquid phase under room temperature and pressure conditions due to a weak attractive force between cations and anions.

[0058] In addition, the above salt or liquid salt may include an ionic polymer composite (130) having a specific ionic environment that includes an appropriate mixing ratio considering the fluidity of cations or anions.

[0059] The ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor (100) of the present invention may be attached to the skin of a body or to the exterior material of a robot. In cases where the ionic polymer does not have appropriate biocompatibility with human skin depending on the type of ionic polymer, an elastic adhesive layer (140) composed of a polymer material having an elastic modulus between 0.1 MPa and 2 MPa, which is the range of the elastic modulus of general body skin, may be included so as to protect the skin and simultaneously prevent phase delay from occurring in the attachment between the skin and the ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor (100) and in the tension of the skin.

[0060] The above-mentioned elastic adhesive layer (140) may include one or more polymer materials selected from the group consisting of ecoflex, PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane), hydrogel, PU (polyurethane), and silicone rubber for a material that exhibits suitable adhesion to a body part.

[0061] However, the above-mentioned group of elastomer polymer materials must be able to adjust the mechanical properties of the material by including an appropriate cross-linking agent ratio and suitable PEG (polyethylene glycol) depending on the user's skin condition and the attachment site. For example, considering adhesion to the skin and having an elastic modulus similar to or lower than that of the body's skin, it is preferable to use the PDMS polymer by mixing the main component (PDMS-A) and the curing agent (PDMS-B) in a weight ratio of 30:1 to 50:1.

[0062] Additionally, since the salt contained within the ionic polymer may diffuse into the elastic adhesive layer (140) attached to the bottom and degrade the performance of the tensile sensor, a free-standing type sensor composed only of the first electrode (110), the second electrode (120), and the ionic polymer composite (130) may be used by attaching it directly to the skin using medical and bio-adhesives (surgical sealants) as needed. The bio-adhesive material may include one or more adhesive materials selected from the group of bio-adhesive layers composed of chitosan-based, dextran-based, fibrin, cyanoacrylate, and polyurethane-based materials.

[0063] FIG. 3(a) illustrates the attachment method between the first electrode (110) and the second electrode (120) and the ionic polymer composite (130) manufactured through an organic solvent-based solvent casting method. Experimental Example 3 provides that, after filling a thin film casting mold with a solution containing a polymer main chain, a plasticizer, and a conductive liquid, and then impregnating the first electrode (110) and the second electrode (120), the electrode is perfectly packaged into the ionic polymer composite (130) due to the high surface tension between the electrode and the solution during the process of evaporating the organic solvent, thereby exhibiting low contact resistance in contact with the electrode.

[0064] FIG. 3(b) illustrates the method of attachment between the ionic polymer composite (130) manufactured by melt extrusion and the first electrode (110) and the second electrode (120). A conventional adhesive or a rubber and elastomer-based material may be applied to cover the contact area between the ionic polymer composite (130) and the electrode.

[0065] The adhesive layer may comprise one material selected from the group of conventional adhesives, such as bisphenol A epoxy, novolac epoxy, modified cycloaliphatic epoxy, bisphenol F epoxy, and phenolic epoxy, urethane, cyanoacrylate, and methacrylate oligomer series. It may comprise one material selected from the group of rubber and elastomer-based styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, silicone rubber, and chloroprene rubber, and may comprise a conductive adhesive silver paste.

[0066] The present invention will be explained in detail below through the following experimental examples.

[0067] The following describes an experimental example of the ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor (100) of the present invention, in which an evaluation was performed on a sample using aluminum as the first electrode (110), platinum as the second electrode (120), and a PVC-based ionic gel as the ionic polymer composite (130) as described above.

[0068] However, the following experimental examples merely provide an example of the present invention, and the content of the present invention is not limited to the following experimental examples.

[0069] Experimental Example 1. Relationship between electrode type and cation adsorption

[0070] The trend of physical adsorption of EMIM+ cations in the direction of the electrodes used in the above examples for different types of electrodes was confirmed.

[0071] Figure 5 shows the results of frequency-dependent capacitance measurements of a symmetric cell containing four different types of metals—aluminum, copper, gold, and platinum—as electrodes and a PVC-based ion gel as an electrolyte. Referring to Figure 5, it can be seen that the higher the work function of the electrode of the symmetric cell (the work functions of the metals follow the order of aluminum, copper, gold, and platinum), the higher the capacitance value in the low frequency region of approximately 50 Hz.

[0072] Figure 6 includes four different types of metals—aluminum, copper, gold, and platinum—as the working electrode, a silver wire as the counter electrode, and ferrocene as the internal reference electrode. The electrolyte includes a PVC-based ion gel. Based on this setup, a three-electrode electrochemical cell was fabricated, and linear sweep voltammetry measurements were performed using a potentiostat within a voltage range of +2V to -2V relative to the ferrocene-based internal reference electrode. Figure 6 illustrates the voltage range of -0.2V to 1.0V relative to the internal reference electrode, where an equipotential point appears in the linear sweep voltammetry results measured in the three-electrode electrochemical cell having the different working electrodes. Referring to Fig. 6, it can be seen that the higher the work function of the working electrode, the higher the equipotential point is measured.

[0073] FIG. 7 uses a sample of the ion adsorption self-driven tensile sensor of the present invention fabricated as in FIG. 2, in which the second electrode (120) is fixed with silver paste, and the first electrode (110) includes different electrode types such as aluminum, copper, gold, and platinum, and includes a PVC-based ion gel under the same conditions. Measurements of the potential difference values ​​occurring at both electrode ends of the sample over time were performed using a voltage differential probe on an oscilloscope. Referring to FIG. 7, it can be confirmed that as time elapses, when the potential difference between the two electrode ends of the sample containing different electrode types reaches a quasi-steady state, the trend of the voltage values ​​is measured to be higher in the order of platinum, gold, copper, and aluminum.

[0074] As a result, it was experimentally confirmed through Figures 5, 6, and 7 that as the Fermi level of the metal in contact with the ionic polymer decreases, the physical adsorption degree of the cation contained within the ionic polymer shows a tendency to gradually decrease.

[0075] Experimental Example 2. Relationship between Electrolyte Environment and Cation Adsorption

[0076] The trend of physical adsorption of the EMIM+ cation used in the above example toward the electrode direction was confirmed for different ion concentrations of electrolytes.

[0077] Figure 8 shows the results of frequency-dependent capacitance measurements of a symmetric cell containing platinum metal as an electrode and a PVC-based ion gel as an electrolyte. Referring to Figure 8, it can be seen that as the weight of EMIM+ relative to the weight of PVC, which is the main chain of the ionic polymer in the PVC-based ion gel contained in the symmetric cell increases, a relatively high capacitance value is obtained in the low frequency region of approximately 50 Hz.

[0078] FIG. 9 includes two different types of metals, aluminum and platinum, as the working electrode, a silver wire as the counter electrode, and ferrocene as the internal reference electrode. A PVC-based ionic gel was used as the ionic polymer, and a 3-electrode electrochemical cell was fabricated by increasing the weight of EMIM+ relative to the weight of PVC, which is the main chain of the ionic polymer. Linear sweep voltammetry measurements were performed within a voltage range of +2V to -2V relative to the ferrocene-based internal reference electrode using a potentiostat. FIG. 9 illustrates the voltage range of -0.2V to 1.0V relative to the internal reference electrode, where an equipotential point appears in the results of linear sweep voltammetry measured in the 3-electrode electrochemical cell having the different working electrodes. Referring to Figure 9, it can be seen that the equipotential point gradually increases as the weight ratio of EMIM+ to PVC increases in both aluminum and platinum working electrodes. When comparing the difference in equipotential points measured in samples having the same EMIM+ weight ratio in aluminum and platinum working electrodes, it can be seen that the difference gradually increases as the weight ratio of EMIM+ increases.

[0079] FIG. 10 uses a sample fabricated as the ion adsorption self-driven tensile sensor of the present invention as in FIG. 2, which includes a second electrode (120) fixed with aluminum metal, a platinum electrode type as the first electrode (110), and six types of PVC-based ion gels having different PVD-to-EMIM+ weight ratios. Measurements of the potential difference values ​​occurring at both electrode ends of the sample over time were performed using a voltage differential probe on an oscilloscope. Referring to FIG. 10, it can be confirmed that as time elapses, when the potential difference at both electrode ends of the sample containing different electrode types reaches a quasi-steady state, the trend of the voltage values ​​shows that higher values ​​were measured as the weight ratio of EMIM+ increased.

[0080] As a result, it was experimentally confirmed through Figures 8, 9, and 10 that as the concentration of ions contained in the ionic polymer in contact with the electrode increases, the physical adsorption degree of the cations contained in the ionic polymer shows a tendency to gradually increase.

[0081] Experimental Example 3. Contact resistance of an ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor

[0082] The contact resistance at the contact site was evaluated for the manufacturing method in which a PVC-based ionic polymer prepared by the solvent casting method used in the above example and each electrode are attached by impregnating them in a solution.

[0083] FIG. 4 shows the contact resistance between a platinum electrode and a PVC-based ionic polymer in the ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor of the present invention fabricated in the above example, by applying a pressure of approximately 50 kPa to the top of a first electrode (110) made of platinum and simultaneously measuring the resistance of the entire sample of the tensile sensor. This is the result of comparing a sample fabricated in the above example by impregnating the electrode with a solution (contact method #1) and a sample fabricated by placing an ionic polymer on top of the electrode (contact method #2). Referring to FIG. 4, it can be confirmed that when pressure is applied, the total resistance value of the sample fabricated by impregnating the electrode with a solution does not change.

[0084] As a result, it can be confirmed that the contact resistance is excellent in the tensile sensor sample manufactured by impregnating each electrode with a solution when manufacturing the ionic polymer using the above solvent casting method.

[0085] Experimental Example 4. Performance analysis of the ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor of the present invention

[0086] An evaluation of the sensor performance of the ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor manufactured in the above example was performed.

[0087] Figure 12 shows time-variable data of the actual potential difference measured at the two electrodes when different tensions are applied to the ion-adsorption type self-driven tension sensor. Referring to Figure 12, when no tension is applied, a baseline potential difference of approximately 200 mV is formed, and it can be observed that the value of the measured potential difference decreases and then increases again during the process of turning the tension on and off. In addition, it can be observed that as the magnitude of the tension applied to the tension sensor increases, the change in the value of the potential difference measured at the two electrodes of the tension sensor gradually increases.

[0088] Figure 13 shows an evaluation of the responsiveness when different tensile speeds are applied when 100% tensile force is applied to the ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor. It is a graph plotting the change in potential difference measured at both electrode terminals from the base voltage through the time variable. Referring to Figure 13, it can be seen that for different tensile speeds, the change in potential difference measured at both ends of the tensile sensor shows a constant change of approximately -35mV.

[0089] Figure 14 shows the results of a high-cycle fatigue test performed on the ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor when 30% tensile force at 1 Hz is applied. Referring to Figure 14, although the signal measured at both electrodes of the tensile sensor shows a tendency to gradually decrease over time, it can be confirmed that the tensile force can be measured normally up to about 15,000 tensile repetitions.

[0090] In conclusion, through the ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor of the present invention, it was possible to normally measure external tension for more than 15,000 repetitions without an external power source, and also to present a new methodology for a tensile sensor capable of recognizing static external tension through the tendency of the potential difference formed at both ends of different electrodes without an external power source.

[0091] Accordingly, the ionic polymer-based ion adsorption self-driven tensile sensor according to the present invention enables the measurement of the change in the adsorption degree of ions contained within the ionic polymer composite to the surfaces of the first and second electrodes due to external tension without an external power source through a differential measurement method, and by utilizing an elastomer-based ionic polymer as a structure, it detects tensile changes ranging from localized changes in skin and robots to high-level changes in joints, thereby proposing and realizing a new methodology for measuring static tension over a wide range without an external power source.

[0092] In addition, in a manufacturing method for forming an ionic polymer composite through a solution casting method, the empty space between the surfaces of the first and second electrodes and the ionic polymer composite is reduced by evaporating the solvent after impregnating the electrodes in the solution, thereby effectively reducing contact resistance with the electrodes and solving the problem of electrode delamination during tension. At the same time, since an additional adhesive layer is not required, the process is simplified, which has the effect of enabling the fabrication of an ion adsorption type self-driven tension sensor.

[0094] Although the embodiments have been described above with reference to the limited drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations from the description above. For example, suitable results can be achieved even if the described techniques are performed in a different order than described, and / or the components of the described system, structure, device, circuit, etc. are combined or assembled in a form different from described, or replaced or substituted by other components or equivalents.

[0095] Therefore, other implementations, other embodiments, and equivalents to the claims also fall within the scope of the claims set forth below. Explanation of the symbols

[0096] 100: Ion adsorption self-actuated tensile sensor 110: First electrode 120: Second electrode 130: Ionic polymer composite 140: Elastomer adhesive layer

Claims

Claim 1 An ionic polymer-based ion adsorption self-driven tensile sensor characterized by comprising: an ionic polymer composite that forms a reference potential by including ions physically adsorbed on the electrode surface; and a first electrode and a second electrode, each connected to both ends of the ionic polymer composite, having different work functions. Claim 2 An ionic polymer-based ion adsorption self-driven tensile sensor according to claim 1, further comprising an elastomer adhesive layer attached to the first electrode, the second electrode, and the ionic polymer composite. Claim 3 The ionic polymer-based ion adsorption self-driven tensile sensor according to claim 1, wherein the ionic polymer composite undergoes elastic deformation in response to external tensile stimulation and the internal ion concentration decreases in the external tensile direction. Claim 4 An ionic polymer-based ion adsorption self-driven tensile sensor according to claim 1, wherein the ionic polymer composite has a thin film form to facilitate measuring changes in the tensile direction and has a thickness in the range of 0.01 mm to 1 mm. Claim 5 An ionic polymer-based ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of length to width of the ionic polymer composite is between 5 and 20. Claim 6 An ionic polymer-based ion adsorption self-actuated tensile sensor according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are one or more conductive materials selected from the group consisting of Ag, Al, Au, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, In, Mo, Nb, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru, Ta, Ti, W, Zr, ITO, graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and carbon nanotubes (CNT), and have different work functions. Claim 7 An ionic polymer-based ion adsorption self-actuated tensile sensor according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are selected from one or more conductive polymer materials selected from the group consisting of polyacetylene, polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythio-phene, PEDOT), and polyaniline, and are composite materials of one or more silicon-based elastomer materials selected from the group consisting of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and Ecoflex and said conductive polymer materials. Claim 8 An ionic polymer-based ion adsorption self-actuated tensile sensor according to claim 2, wherein the elastomeric adhesive layer is one or more elastomeric adhesive layers selected from the group consisting of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), ecoflex, hydrogel, polyurethane (PU), and silicone rubber. Claim 9 An ionic polymer-based ion adsorption type self-actuated tensile sensor according to claim 2, wherein the elastomer adhesive layer is PDMS having a weight ratio of 30:1 to 50:1 of the main component polydimethylsiloxane-A (Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-Amine, PDMS-A) and the curing agent polydimethylsiloxane-B (Polydimethylsiloxane-B, PDMS-B). Claim 10 In claim 1, the ion adsorption type self-driven tensile sensor is characterized by having a potential difference measured at each electrode as a reference potential due to the difference in work function between the first electrode and the second electrode before the deformation of the ionic polymer composite, and after the deformation of the ionic polymer composite, the amount of ions physically adsorbed on the surface of the first electrode and the second electrode decreases due to a decrease in internal ion concentration, and detecting the degree of external tensile stimulation by a change in the potential difference measured at each electrode based on the change in the difference in the amount of ions physically adsorbed on the surface of the first electrode and the second electrode. Claim 11 An ionic polymer-based ion adsorption self-driven tensile sensor according to claim 1, wherein the ionic polymer composite is one or more hydrogels selected from the group consisting of alginate, chitosan, gelatin and hyaluronic acid, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), PLGA (poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide)), and pHEMA (poly(2-hydroethyl methacrylate)), using water as a solvent. Claim 12 An ionic polymer-based ion adsorption self-actuated tensile sensor according to claim 1, wherein the ionic polymer composite is based on one or more thermoplastic elastomers selected from the group consisting of styrenic block copolymer (TPE-S), thermoplastic polyolefin (TPE-O), thermoplastic vulcanisates (TPE-V), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPE-U), thermoplastic copolyester (TPE-E), melt processable rubber (MPR), and thermoplastic polyether block amides (TPE-A). Claim 13 In claim 12, the ionic polymer composite is a non-aqueous gel-based polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethanes, polyethylene oxide, polyacrylonitrile, poly(methacrylate), polyimide, polysaccharide, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE), and poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene (poly(vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene)). An ionic polymer-based ion adsorption self-driven tensile sensor characterized by being one or more non-aqueous gels selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene (PVDF-CTFE). Claim 14 In claim 1, the ionic polymer composite is characterized by comprising one or more combinations selected from the group of plasticizers for a PVC main chain consisting of polyvinylidene chloride (PVC) and DEHP (di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate), DOTP (dioctyl terephthalate), and DINP (diisononyl phthalate), wherein the ionic polymer composite may include a plasticizer within a matrix composed of a polymer main chain, and is one or more non-aqueous gels selected from the group of combinations of a polymer main chain and a plasticizer consisting of polyethylene (PE) and hexane, polyurethane (PU) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), nitrile rubber (NBR) and acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), and silicone rubber and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane. Ionic polymer-based ion adsorption self-driven tensile sensor. Claim 15 In claim 8, the hydrogel is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal cations (Na+, K+, Li+, Rb+, Cs+), alkaline earth metal cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Be2+), transition metal cations (Fe2+ / Fe3+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Cr3+, Ag+), post-transition metal cations (Al3+, Sn2+, Pb2+), and other metal / nonmetal cations (H+, NH4+, Hg2+), and as anions, halide anions (Cl-, Br-, I-, F-) and oxoanions (NO3-, NO2-, SO42-, It comprises one or more salts selected from the group consisting of SO32-, CO32-, HCO3-, PO43-, H2PO4-, MnO4-, CrO42-, Cr2O72-) or OH- (hydroxide) and organic anions (CH3COO-, C2O42-, C6H5COO-), wherein the salts are selected considering the oxidation number of the cations and anions and hydration in water; in addition to the salts, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), Lithium Trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF3SO3), Lithium Rhodanide,An ionic polymer-based ion adsorption self-driven tensile sensor characterized by being a hydrogel comprising one or more salts selected from the group consisting of LiSCN and lithium fluoroalkylphosphate (LiFAP). Claim 16 In claim 13, the thermoplastic elastomer and the non-aqueous gel are selected from the group of cations consisting of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMIM), butylmethylimidazolium (BMIM), polymer (Py1,4), polymer (Py1,2), triethanolamine (TEA), dimethylethanolamine (DMEA), N-butylmethylpyridinium (NBuMPy), dimethyl isophthalate (DMI), N-methylprotoporphyrin (NMPP), and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium (HMIM), as an anion, An ionic polymer-based ion adsorption self-driven tensile sensor characterized by comprising a thermoplastic elastomer and a non-aqueous gel, wherein the conductive liquid is selected from a group of anions consisting of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI), hexafluorophosphate (PF6), tetrafluoroborate (BF4), trifluoromethanesulfonate (CF3SO3), perchlorate (ClO4), dicyanamide (DCA), thiocyanate (SCN), fluoroalkylphosphate (FAP), and acetonitrile (ACN), and comprises one or more pairs of conductive liquids selected from a group of conductive liquids having a liquid phase at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, taking into account the attractive force between the cation and the anion. Claim 17 An ionic polymer-based ion adsorption self-driven tensile sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the ionic polymer composite is fabricated through a solution-casting method, and the surfaces of the ionic polymer composite, the first electrode, and the second electrode are coated with a solution through a dip-coating method and then attached. Claim 18 An ionic polymer-based ion adsorption self-driven tensile sensor according to claim 1, wherein the ionic polymer composite is manufactured through a melt extrusion method, and the surfaces of the ionic polymer composite, the first electrode, and the second electrode are fixed by applying an adhesive or an adhesive layer providing elasticity. Claim 19 An ionic polymer-based ion adsorption self-actuated tensile sensor according to claim 18, wherein the adhesive layer is one or more adhesive layers selected from the group consisting of bisphenol A epoxy, novolac epoxy, modified cycloaliphatic epoxy, bisphenol F epoxy and phenolic epoxy, urethane series, cyanoacrylate series, methacrylate oligomer, styrene-butadiene-rubber, nitrile-rubber, butyl-rubber, silicone-rubber, chloroprene-rubber, and silver paste.

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