COMPOSITION AND WATERPROOFING SYSTEM OF TUNNEL

Abstract

Methods, compositions, and composition packages are described for the spray coating of a membrane for waterproofing concrete tunnel applications. After the primer coating is applied to a tunnel surface, the coating composition is sprayed to form a membrane, and then concrete is poured or sprayed against the membrane to bond to it. The coating compositions comprise two or more acrylate monomers, as well as an initiator, an accelerator, and an optional additive. Preferably, the coating composition is prepared using a two-part package, one part containing the initiator, the other the accelerator, and each part containing the monomers and optional additives, so that the two parts can be shipped to the application site and mixed in a 1:1 ratio during spraying.The waterproofing coating composition provides excellent adhesion to concrete.

Description

COMPOSITION AND WATERPROOFING SYSTEM OF TUNNEL CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This non-provisional application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 787,987, entitled Tunnel Waterproofing Composition and System, filed on January 3, 2019, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62 / 891,657, entitled Tunnel Waterproofing Composition and System, filed on August 26, 2019, both incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. FIELD OF INVENTION

[0002] The invention relates to the field of waterproofing civil engineering structures, and more particularly to a waterproofing composition for use in tunnel linings and to a method for tunnel construction. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Tunnels are typically waterproofed using one of two methods. In the first method, a sheet membrane can be applied to the tunnel wall using adhesive, mechanical fastening, or heat welding. In the second method, the membrane can be coated onto the wall. INL / 1 / 1 l ¿O of the tunnel using a liquid application system that cures over time.

[0004] Typically, a sandwich-type structure is achieved, consisting of a first layer of concrete, the waterproofing membrane, and a second concrete lining formed against the membrane. Although pouring the second concrete lining is still widely used to establish the final tunnel wall layer over the membrane, spraying the secondary concrete lining is rapidly gaining interest as a fast and low-cost installation option, especially as robotic spraying becomes more reliable.

[0005] While spraying the concrete lining involves approximately half the cost of casting the concrete lining and requires significantly less time, the ability to spray concrete as a final concrete lining layer is of considerable interest in terms of cost and time savings, provided other performance criteria are met.

[0006] The present inventors believe that spraying the second concrete coating could become a common practice if the waterproofing membrane were improved in terms of strength under the application of sprayed concrete and if better adhesion properties were achieved between the sprayed concrete and the waterproofing membrane.

[0007] In general, sheet waterproofing membranes have a relatively low material cost. However, surface geometries and irregularities often pose difficulties in the application of sheet membranes. Overlaps or intersections of adjacent membrane sheets must be heat-welded or adhesive-sealed, or they are susceptible to water leakage if the overlap joints between membranes are weak or poorly sealed. Although important, securing the membrane to the first concrete cover with minimal penetration through the membrane has been a technical challenge.

[0008] An example of tunnel waterproofing is PCT Patent Application Publication No. WO2018 / 122113A1, which details a sheet construction comprising two layers for adequate adhesion to both the first and second concrete layers. Liquid-applied coatings are taught to provide seamless, fully bonded, cured membranes. Another example, U.S. Patent No. 6,489,032, describes a sprayed cement latex material for use in waterproof tunnel constructions. A disadvantage of this material is that water-based coatings cure for several hours or days through water evaporation or cement hydration, resulting in lengthy processing times. Another example, U.S. Patent No. 6,767,164, describes a sprayed rubber emulsion system that cures a rubber coating by vulcanization at room temperature.However, these vulcanized systems supposedly exhibit low tensile strength and long curing times.

[0009] Reactive systems, such as those based on polyurethane or polyurea, including those with 100% solids, can cure quickly. However, these compositions may contain flammable (low flash point) or toxic components, or produce unpleasant odors, and are unsuitable for use in confined spaces, such as tunnels and mines.

[0010] A reactive liquid waterproofing system for concrete structures has been marketed by Stirling Lloyd Polychem Ltd., now part of GCP Applied Technologies Inc., under the brand name INTEGRITANK® HF. It has been used in open-ventilated areas to control flammability and odor. However, such flammability and odor would likely be unacceptable in more confined spaces, such as tunnels and mines.

[0011] Although prior approaches offer variety for waterproofing situations, what is needed is a novel membrane coating technology to improve ease of application and ensure performance, especially in tunnel waterproofing situations. However, in view of the art considered as a whole at the time the present invention was made, it was not obvious to persons of ordinary skill in the field of this invention how the deficiencies of the prior art could be overcome.Although certain aspects of conventional technologies have been discussed to facilitate the description of the invention, the Applicants do not in any way waive these technical aspects, and it is contemplated that the claimed invention may encompass one or more of the conventional technical aspects discussed herein, especially in combination with the innovative aspects described herein.

[0012] The present invention may address one or more of the problems and deficiencies of the art discussed above. However, it is envisaged that the invention may prove useful in addressing other problems and deficiencies in a number of technical areas. Therefore, the claimed invention should not necessarily be construed as being limited to addressing any of the particular problems or deficiencies discussed herein.

[0013] In this specification, when a document, act, or item of knowledge is referenced or discussed, such reference or discussion is not an admission that the document, act, or item of knowledge, or any combination thereof, was at the priority date, publicly available, known to the public, part of common knowledge, or otherwise constitutes the state of the art under applicable statutory provisions; or is known to be relevant to an attempt to solve any problem to which this specification refers. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0014] The need for an improved composition, system package, and method for waterproofing concrete tunnel linings, which has existed for a long time but has hitherto gone unmet, is now satisfied by a new, useful, and non-obvious invention.

[0015] An illustrative embodiment of the present invention is a 100% solids reactive liquid coating system comprising a liquid composition with a high flash point and low odor that can be sprayed into confined spaces within a temperature range to rapidly cure a seamless waterproofing coating exhibiting high mechanical strength, robustness to withstand the force of the applied cast or sprayed concrete, and strong adhesion to the substrate along one surface and to the cast or sprayed concrete along an opposite surface. The 100% solids reactive liquid coating system results in minimal exposure to volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) but achieves a fully cured, non-tackable surface in less than one hour.One illustrative form exhibits a viscosity such that it can be cold-sprayed without additional heating equipment over a temperature range experienced in tunneling or mining applications.

[0016] An illustrative method of the present invention for waterproofing the surface of a tunnel comprises: (A) provide a substrate or interior surface for a tunnel; (B) optionally apply a primer coating to the substrate or interior surface of the tunnel; (C) spraying onto the primer coating a waterproofing coating composition comprising the following components: (i) a first monomer comprising a difunctional (meth)acrylate in an amount of approximately 5% to approximately 55% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition, and having the structure, (H2C=C (R1) COOR2) 2-R3, wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R2 represents an oxyalkylene or polyoxyalkylene from C1 to C3; and R3 represents an epoxy, ΜΛ / 1 / 1 l Or polyacrylate, polyester, polyether, polyolefin, polysiloxane, polyurethane, vinyl polymer, or copolymer thereof; (ii) a second monomer in an amount of approximately 5% to approximately 65% ​​based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition and having the structure, H2C=C (R1) COOR2, wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and R2 represents a linear or branched alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, alicyclic, polycyclic, heterocyclic or heteroaromatic group from C2 to Ci8; (iii) an initiator in the amount of approximately 0.1% to approximately 5% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition; (iv) an accelerator in the amount of approximately 0.1% to approximately 2% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition; and (v) at least one additive (for example, filler material, biocide, wax, UV absorber, stabilizer or reaction inhibitor, pigment, rheology modifier, abrasion resistance enhancer, or mixture of any of the foregoing) in an amount of 0% to approximately 50% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition; and (D) enabling the applied waterproofing coating composition to harden over the primer coating to form a waterproof layer.

[0017] An illustrative composition package of the present invention for establishing a waterproof coating layer on a substrate or interior surface within a tunnel, comprising: (i) a first monomer comprising a difunctional (meth)acrylate in an amount of approximately 5% to approximately 55% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition, and having the structure, (H2C=C (R1) COOR2) 2-R3, wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R2 represents oxyalkylene or polyoxyalkylene from C1 to C3; and R3 represents an epoxy, polyacrylate, polyester, polyether, polyolefin, polysiloxane, polyurethane, vinyl polymer, or copolymer thereof; (ii) a second monomer in the amount of approximately 5% to approximately 65% ​​based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition and having the structure, H2C=C (R1) COOR2, wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and R2 represents a linear or branched alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, alicyclic, polycyclic, heterocyclic or heteroaromatic group from C2 to Cis; (iii) an initiator in the amount of approximately 0.1% to approximately 5% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition; (iv) an accelerator in the amount of approximately 0.1% to approximately 2% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition; and (v) at least one additive (for example, filler material, biocide, wax, UV absorber, stabilizer or reaction inhibitor, etc.) in the amount of 0% to approximately 50% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition; and wherein the composition package comprises a first part containing the initiator and a second part containing the accelerator, wherein the monomers and the at least one additive may be contained within the first part only, within the second part only, or within both the first and second parts.

[0018] The first and second parts of the illustrative composition package are preferably shipped (in separate containers or packages) to the facility or work site, where they are combined (for example, by spraying through a single nozzle in which they are conveniently mixed), and applied over the tunnel wall lining or other substrate to form a coating layer, after which the coating layer begins to harden and forms a waterproofing membrane.

[0019] The invention also provides a waterproofing coating composition and membrane layer comprising components (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) and (v) in the relative quantity ranges described above.

[0020] These and other important objects, advantages, and features of the invention will become apparent as the present description progresses.

[0021] The invention therefore comprises the construction features, combination of elements and arrangement of parts which will be exemplified in the description below and the scope of the invention will be indicated in the claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] An appreciation of the benefits and features of the present invention may be more easily understood by considering the following written description of illustrative embodiments together with the drawings, in which:

[0023] Figure 1 is an illustrative schematic diagram of an exemplary tunnel waterproofing construction comprising a primary layer of concrete as a substrate (A), a primer coating (B), a liquid-sprayed waterproofing coating composition membrane (C), and a secondary layer of concrete (D) arranged externally to or overlapping the waterproofing coating composition membrane (C).

[0024] Figure 2 is a flow diagram representing a method of waterproofing a tunnel, according to a modality of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATIVE MODALITIES

[0025] In the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form part thereof, and which illustrate specific embodiments of the invention. It is understood that other embodiments may be used and structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Several embodiments and exemplary aspects of the invention will be described below as illustrations of the invention.

[0026] As used in this specification and in the appended claims, the singular forms a, one, and the include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. As used in this specification and in the appended claims, the term ΙνΙΛ / 1 / 1 l ¿O or is generally used in its sense, including and / or, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0027] As used herein, the term approximately means approximately or nearly, and in the context of a given numerical value or range means ±15% of the numerical value. In one modality, the term approximately may include traditional rounding to the significant figures of the numerical value. In addition, the phrase approximately 'x' to 'y' includes approximately 'x' to approximately 'y'.

[0028] Furthermore, any range of numbers recited in the specification or claims, such as representing a particular set of properties, units of measure, conditions, physical states, or percentages, is intended to expressly and literally incorporate herein, by reference or otherwise, any number falling within such range, including any subset of numbers within any range so recited. For example, whenever a numerical range with a lower limit, RL, and an upper limit, RU, is disclosed, any number R falling within the range is specifically described. In particular, the following numbers R within the range are specifically described: R = RL ± k*(RU-RL), where k is a variable ranging from 1% to 100% in 1% increments, e.g., k is 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 50%, 51%, 52%, ...95%, 96%, ΙνΙΛ / 1 / 1 l ¿O 97%, 98%, 99%, or 100%. Furthermore, any numerical range represented by any two values ​​of R, as calculated above, is also specifically described.

[0029] It is an objective of the present invention to achieve a high flash point, along with relatively low or zero odor and toxicity, within a 100% solids reactive liquid coating system. It is a further objective of the present invention to provide a waterproofing composition capable of fully curing a solid, both throughout and on its surface, in less than approximately one (1) hour, unlike existing water-based liquid coatings. This provides commercial and labor advantages by shortening application time.

[0030] In a first illustrative embodiment, the invention provides a method for waterproofing the surface of a tunnel, comprising: (A) provide a substrate or interior surface for a tunnel; (B) optionally apply a primer coating to the substrate or the interior surface of the tunnel; (C) spraying onto the primer coating a waterproofing coating composition comprising: ML / 1 / 1 l ¿O (i) a first monomer comprising a difunctional (me)acrylate in an amount of approximately 5% to approximately 55% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition, and having the structure, (H2C=C (R1) COOR2) 2-R3, wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R2 represents an oxyalkylene or polyoxyalkylene from C1 to C3; and R3 represents an epoxy, polyacrylate, polyester, polyether, polyolefin, polysiloxane, polyurethane, vinyl polymer, or copolymer thereof; (ii) a second monomer in the amount of approximately 5% to approximately 65% ​​based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition and having the structure, H2C=C (R1) COOR2, wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and R2 represents a linear or branched alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, alicyclic, polycyclic, heterocyclic or heteroaromatic group from C2 to O; (iii) an initiator in the amount of approximately 0.1% to approximately 5% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition; (iv) an accelerator in the amount of approximately 0.1% to approximately 2% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition; and (v) at least one additive selected from filler material, biocide, wax, UV absorber, stabilizer or ML / 1 / 1 l ¿O reaction inhibitor, pigment, rheology modifying agent, abrasion resistance improving additive, or mixture thereof, said at least one additive being present in the amount of 0% to 50% on a total weight basis of the waterproofing coating composition; and (D) enabling the waterproofing coating composition to harden over the primer coating to form a waterproof layer.

[0031] As used herein, the term spray coating means establishing a coating layer on a substrate, such as a concrete facing, a composition that hardens into a membrane. Spray coating is preferably accomplished by spraying two parts of the composition that are mixed within the spray nozzle or the pipe or conduit that feeds the coating composition components from the storage containers or tanks to the spray nozzle. The use of two-component systems in spray applications is known in the art.

[0032] By hardened, those skilled in tunnel waterproofing will understand that the waterproof layer must be dry to the touch and must not run (like a liquid) when concrete is sprayed onto it. Normally, when ΙνΙΛ / 1 / 1 l Or establish waterproofing courses in tunnel environments, tests will be carried out to determine the absence of leakage points, and this is expected to take longer than the time during which the composition of the sprayed waterproofing layer would need to cure to the point where a concrete lining could be cast or applied against it by spraying.

[0033] In a first aspect of the first illustrative embodiment, the first monomer (component i) is present in the waterproofing coating composition; preferably, it is used in an amount of approximately 10%-45%; and, more preferably, in an amount of approximately 15%-35% (all percentages mentioned here relating to components are based on the weight of the waterproofing coating composition).

[0034] In a second aspect of the first illustrative embodiment, the second monomer (component ii) is present in the waterproofing coating composition; preferably, it is used in an amount of approximately 15%-50%; and, more preferably, in an amount of approximately 25%-35%.

[0035] In a third aspect of the first illustrative embodiment, the at least one additive is present in the amount of approximately 10%-40%, and, more preferably, is present in the amount of approximately 15%-35%. The at least one additive is preferably selected from a wax, a calcium carbonate, a pyrogenic silica, a pigment, and mixtures thereof.

[0036] In a second illustrative embodiment, which may be based on the first illustrative embodiment above, the method further comprises applying a hydratable cementitious layer over the waterproof layer, which was applied by spraying over the primer coating layer.

[0037] In a first aspect of this second illustrative modality, the hydratable cement layer is concrete, which is sprayed onto the waterproof layer after it has hardened.

[0038] In a third illustrative embodiment, which may be based on any of the preceding example embodiments from the first to the second, the waterproofing coating composition, which is applied by spraying over the primer coating, further comprises a third monomer having the structure H2C=C (R1) COOR2, as set out in subparagraph ii above, and this third monomer having a Tg that is at least about 30°C lower than the Tg of the second monomer; and this third monomer is present in the waterproofing coating composition in an amount of about 5%-60% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition. More preferably, the third monomer is present in the amount of about 10%-45%; and, more preferably, the third monomer is present in the amount of about 15%-35%, based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition.

[0039] In a fourth illustrative embodiment, which may be based on any of the above example embodiments from the first to the third, the waterproofing coating composition is applied as a two-part system, wherein the first part comprises at least one of the monomers and the initiator, and the second part comprises at least one of the monomers and the accelerator.

[0040] In a first aspect of the fourth illustrative embodiment, each of the first and second parts comprises the same monomers and at least one additive, with the first part containing the initiator and the second part containing the accelerator. This configuration is preferred because it allows the first and second parts to be used in a 1:1 ratio, which is particularly convenient for spray application, where the two parts can be pumped through a static mixer and sprayed through a single nozzle.

[0041] In a fifth illustrative embodiment, which may be based on any of the preceding example embodiments from the first to the fourth, the monomeric components of the waterproofing coating composition have flash points of at least 75°C or higher. More preferably, the monomeric components of the waterproofing composition have flash points of at least 85°C or higher; and, even more preferably, the monomeric components of the waterproofing composition have flash points of at least 95°C or higher.

[0042] In a sixth illustrative embodiment, which may be based on any of the preceding example embodiments from the first to the fifth, the initiator in the waterproofing coating composition is selected from alkyl or aryl peroxides, or inorganic salts. A preferred initiator is benzoyl peroxide.

[0043] In a seventh illustrative embodiment, which may be based on any of the preceding example embodiments from the first to the sixth, the accelerator is selected from an alkyl amine, an aryl amine, or a mixture thereof. A preferred accelerator is a tertiary amine.

[0044] In an eighth illustrative embodiment, which may be based on any of the preceding example embodiments from the first to the seventh, the waterproofing coating composition comprises at least two additives selected from a wax, a rheology-modifying agent (e.g., silica) 1 / 1 l pyrogenated, colloidal silica, a copolymer such as poly(ethylene oxide-propylene co-oxide)), a pigment (e.g., titanium dioxide, iron oxides, phthalocyanines), an additive that improves abrasion resistance (e.g., calcium carbonate, barium sulfate), or a mixture thereof. The at least two additives are present collectively in an amount of approximately 5%-35%, and more preferably in an amount of approximately 10%-25%, based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition.

[0045] In a ninth illustrative embodiment, which may be based on any of the above example embodiments from the first to the eighth, the waterproofing coating composition further comprises an adhesion promoter in an amount of approximately 1%-20% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition.

[0046] In a first aspect of the ninth illustrative modality, the adhesion promoter is chosen from acrylic, natural rubber, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, butyl rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), including carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber (xSBR), styrene-acrylic rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), poly(vinyl acetate) and ethylene-vinyl acetate.

[0047] In a second aspect of the ninth illustrative modality, which may be based on any of the above example modalities from the first to the tenth, the adhesion promoter is in dispersed form within a latex or aqueous suspension.

[0048] In a tenth illustrative embodiment, which may be based on any of the above example embodiments from the first to the ninth, the method further comprises applying over the cured waterproofing coating composition, which was sprayed over the primer coating layer, an adhesion-promoting coating composition.

[0049] In a first aspect of the tenth illustrative embodiment, the adhesion-promoting coating composition comprises one or more of a water-based or solvent-based coating, a pressure-sensitive adhesive, a hot-melt adhesive, and the like.

[0050] In an illustrative eleventh embodiment, which may be based on any of the above example embodiments from the first to the tenth, the waterproofing coating composition has a viscosity of less than 3 Pa-s, measured by parallel plate rheometry with a separation of 500 microns at 1000 s-1 and 5°C.

[0051] As used herein, the term viscosity refers to a measure of a fluid's resistance to deformation at a given rate. A liquid with a lower viscosity flows more freely / easily than a liquid with a higher viscosity. Viscosity is usually recorded in centipoise (cps) or pascal-seconds (Pa-s). The viscosity of a liquid can be determined by methods known in the art. In the context of this description, viscosity measurements are acquired by parallel-plate rheometry with a separation of 500 microns at 1000 s-1 and 5°C, unless otherwise stated. Preferably, the liquid composition taught by the present description has a viscosity of approximately 5 Pa-s or less, 4 Pa-s or less, 3 Pa-s or less, 2 Pa-s or less, 1 Pa-s or less, 0.9 Pa-s or less, 0.8 Pa-s or less, 0.7 Pa-s or less, 0.6 Pa-s or less, 0.5 Pa-s or less, 0.4 Pa-s or less, and 0.3 Pa-s or less, or within a range between any of these values.

[0052] In a twelfth illustrative embodiment, which may be based on any of the above example embodiments from the first to the eleventh, the waterproofing coating composition, after polymerization of the monomeric components after the waterproofing coating composition is sprayed onto the primer coating, is cured and free of tackiness (to the touch of the human hand) less than one hour after application at 5-30°C, in accordance with ASTM D 1640 / D 1640M-14 (2018).

[0053] In a thirteenth illustrative embodiment, which may be based on any of the preceding example embodiments from the first to the twelfth, the coating of the waterproofing composition, after curing, has a tensile bond strength to the sprayed or cast concrete of more than 0.1 MPa in accordance with ASTM C1583 / C1583M-13 (2013). More preferably, the bond strength is greater than 0.25 MPa; and, more preferably, greater than 0.5 MPa.

[0054] As used herein, the terms tensile strength and tensile adhesion refer to the resistance of two materials bonded together to tensile or pulling forces. These strengths are specifically measured as the amount of load / force per unit area resisted. They are usually reported as pounds per square inch (psi) or megapascals (MPa). Tensile strength or tensile adhesion can be determined by methods known in the art. In the context of this description, tensile adhesion or tensile bond strength is obtained in accordance with ASTM C1583 / C1583M-13 (2013), unless otherwise noted. In certain embodiments, the laminates of this description have a tensile adhesion or tensile bond strength of approximately 0.1 MPa or greater. ΙνΙΛ / 1 / 1 l Or approximately 0.2 MPa or more, approximately 0.3 MPa or more, approximately 0.4 MPa or more, approximately 0.5 MPa or more, approximately 0.6 MPa or more, approximately 0.7 MPa or more, approximately 0.8 MPa or more, approximately 0.9 MPa or more, or within a range between any of these values. In preferred embodiments, the tensile adhesion is approximately 0.5 MPa or more.

[0055] In a fourteenth illustrative embodiment, the invention provides a tunnel waterproofing carried out in accordance with the method of any of the example methods from the first to the thirteenth above.

[0056] In a fifteenth illustrative embodiment, which may be based on any of the preceding example embodiments from the first to the fourteenth, the invention provides a composition package for establishing a waterproof coating layer on or along a substrate or interior surface within a tunnel, the package comprising: (i) a first monomer comprising a difunctional (me)acrylate in an amount of approximately 5% to approximately 55% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition, and having the structure, (H2C=C (R1) COOR2) 2-R3, wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R2 represents oxyalkylene or polyoxyalkylene from C1 to C3; and R3 represents an epoxy, polyacrylate, polyester, polyether, polyolefin, polysiloxane, polyurethane, vinyl polymer or copolymer thereof; (ii) a second monomer in the amount of approximately 5% to approximately 65% ​​based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition and having the structure H2C=C (R1) COOR2, wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and R2 represents a linear or branched alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, alicyclic, polycyclic, heterocyclic or heteroaromatic group from C2 to Gis; (iii) an initiator in the amount of approximately 0.1% to approximately 5% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition; (iv) an accelerator in the amount of approximately 0.1% to approximately 2% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition; and (v) at least one additive in the amount of 0% to approximately 50% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition; and wherein the package comprises a first part containing the initiator and a second part containing the accelerator, wherein the monomers and the at least one additive may be contained within the first part only, within the second part only, or within both the first and second parts.

[0057] In a sixteenth illustrative embodiment, which may be based upon the fifteenth illustrative embodiment above, the first part and the second part each comprise the first monomer (i), the second monomer (ii), and at least one additive (v), thereby enabling the first part and the second part to be combined at the application site in a 1:1 ratio during spray application of the waterproofing coating composition.

[0058] In a seventeenth illustrative embodiment, which may be based on or incorporate any of the preceding example embodiments described above, the invention provides a waterproofing coating composition and a waterproofing membrane layer, comprising: (1) a first monomer comprising a difunctional (meth)acrylate in an amount of approximately 5% to approximately 55% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition, and having the structure, (H2C=C (R1) COOR2) 2-R3, wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R2 represents oxyalkylene or polyoxyalkylene from C1 to C3; and R3 represents an epoxy, polyacrylate, polyester, polyether, polyolefin, polysiloxane, polyurethane, vinyl polymer or copolymer thereof; (ii) a second monomer in the amount of approximately 5% to approximately 65% ​​based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition and having the structure H2C=C (R1) COOR2, wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and R2 represents a linear or branched alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, alicyclic, polycyclic, heterocyclic or heteroaromatic group from C2 to Cis; (iii) an initiator in the amount of approximately 0.1% to approximately 5% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition; (iv) an accelerator in the amount of approximately 0.1% to approximately 2% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition; and (v) at least one additive in the amount of 0% to approximately 50% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition.

[0059] In an illustrative eighteenth embodiment, the invention provides a tunnel lining construction that can be based on, or carried out by means of, any of the exemplary embodiments from the first to the seventeenth described above.

[0060] In another illustrative embodiment which may be based on any of the above example embodiments, the waterproofing coating composition comprises (i) a first monomer comprising a difunctional (meth)acrylate in an amount of about 5% to about 55% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition, and having the structure, (H2C=C (R1) COOR2) 2-R3, wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R2 represents oxyalkylene or polyoxyalkylene from C1 to C3; and R3 represents an epoxy, polyacrylate, polyester, polyether, polyolefin, polysiloxane, polyurethane, vinyl polymer, or copolymer thereof; wherein examples of the first monomer include the urethane reaction product of a hydroxyl-functional (me)acrylate and an isocyanate-functional oligomer or the esterification reaction product of a hydroxyl-functional (me)acrylate and a carboxylic acid-functional oligomer;wherein the isocyanate-functional oligomer can be prepared from the reaction of aliphatic or aromatic isocyanates with hydroxyl-functional oligomers; wherein examples of the (me)acrylate hydroxyl-functional include hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, and the like; wherein examples of isocyanate include isophorone diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 4,4'-methylene bis(cyclohexylisocyanate), toluene diisocyanate, 4,4-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate, and the like;and wherein examples of functional oligomers to the hydroxyl or carboxylic acid include polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, poly(ethylene adipate), polytetramethylene glycol, poly(butylene adipate), polycaprolactone, polybutadiene, polysiloxane, or similar, of varying molecular weights (and an oligomeric dimethacrylate with a Tg below 20°C in the range of approximately 15% to approximately 35% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition is preferred); (ii) a second monomer in the amount of approximately 5% to approximately 65% ​​based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition and having the structure, H2C=C (R1) COOR2, wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or methyl group; and R2 represents a linear or branched alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, alicyclic, polycyclic, heterocyclic or heteroaromatic group from C2 to Cis; Examples of the second monomer include benzyl methacrylate, isobomyl methacrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate, isophoryl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate and the like (wherein the preferred range is approximately 25% to approximately 35% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition); (iii) a third monomer in the range of about 5% to about 60% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition and having the structure, H2C=C (R1) COOR2, as set out in subsection ii; and said third monomer having a Tg that is at least about 30 °C lower than the Tg of the second monomer; Examples of the third monomer include n-butyl methacrylate, 2-phenoxyethyl methacrylate, ethyltriglycol methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate and the like (wherein the preferred amount is about 15% to about 35% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition); (iv) an initiator in the amount of approximately 0.1% to approximately 5% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition; benzoyl peroxide is preferred in the amount of approximately 0.5% to approximately 3% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition; (v) an accelerator in the amount of approximately 0.1% to approximately 2% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition; a tertiary amine is preferred, used in the amount of approximately 0.2% to approximately 0.6% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition; and (vi) at least one additive in the amount of 0% to approximately 50% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition; preferred additives include a wax in the amount of approximately 0.1% to approximately 1%, calcium carbonate in the amount of approximately 10% to approximately 30%, and pyrogenic silica MA / 1 / 1 l Or in the amount of approximately 0.5% to approximately 4%, all percentages here based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition.

[0061] In another preferred embodiment, the invention provides a two-part system. The first part comprises monomer (i) in an amount of approximately 15% to approximately 35%, monomer (ii) in an amount of approximately 25% to approximately 35%, monomer (iii) in an amount of approximately 15% to approximately 35%, a wax in an amount of approximately 0.1% to approximately 1%, calcium carbonate in an amount of approximately 10% to approximately 30%, pyrogen-treated silica in an amount of approximately 0.5% to approximately 4%, and a tertiary amine accelerator in an amount of approximately 0.4% to approximately 1.2%, all percentages being based on the total weight of the first part of the liquid-applied waterproofing coating composition.The second part comprises monomer (i) in an amount of approximately 15% to approximately 35%, monomer (ii) in an amount of approximately 25% to approximately 35%, monomer (iii) in an amount of approximately 15% to approximately 35%, a wax in an amount of approximately 0.1% to approximately 1%, calcium carbonate in an amount of approximately 10% to approximately 30%, pyrogen-treated silica in an amount of approximately 0.5% to approximately 4%, and a benzoyl peroxide initiator in an amount of approximately 1% to approximately 6%, all percentages being based on the total weight of the second part of the liquid-applied waterproofing coating composition. A mixture of the first and second parts by equal volume comprises the liquid-applied waterproofing coating composition.

[0062] In another preferred embodiment, the waterproofing coating composition and the coating layer comprise the following components: (i) a first monomer comprising a difunctional (me)acrylate as described above, in an amount of approximately 5% to approximately 55% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition (and more preferably in an amount of approximately 15% to approximately 35% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition); (ii) a second monomer as described above, in the amount of approximately 5% to approximately 65% ​​based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition (and more preferably in the amount of approximately 25% to approximately 35% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition); (iii) a third monomer as described above, in the amount of approximately 5% to approximately 60% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition (preferably in the amount of approximately 15% to approximately 35% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition); (iv) an initiator in the amount of approximately 0.1% to approximately 5% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition (benzoyl peroxide is preferred in the amount of approximately 0.5% to approximately 3% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition); (v) an accelerator in the amount of approximately 0.1% to approximately 2% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition (tertiary amine is preferred in the amount of approximately 0.2% to approximately 0.6% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition); and (vi) at least one additive in the amount of 0% to approximately 50% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition (a preferred additive is a wax in the amount of approximately 0.1% to approximately 1%, calcium carbonate in the amount of approximately 10% to approximately 30%, and pyrogenic silica in the amount of approximately 0.5% to approximately 4%, (vii) an adhesion promoter in an amount of approximately 1% to approximately 20%, based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition, wherein the adhesion promoter is selected from acrylic, natural rubber, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, butyl rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), including carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber (xSBR), styrene-acrylic rubber, ethylene-propylenediene rubber (EPDM), poly(vinyl acetate), and ethylene-vinyl acetate (and most preferably polymers used in dispersed form, such as latex or aqueous suspension, in an amount of approximately 5% to approximately 15% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition).

[0063] When a latex suspension was used as an adhesion promoter and incorporated into a reactive liquid coating with 100% solids, an unexpected and impressive formation of a monolithic membrane was observed, while at the same time imparting better tensile adhesion of the poured concrete against the cured membrane.

[0064] In other illustrative embodiments, the invention provides a composition package having a first and a second part, wherein the first part contains the accelerator, and the second part contains the initiator, and the first and second parts both comprise the first, second, and third monomers and at least one additive, whereby the first and second parts can be combined in a 1:1 ratio during spray application onto a tunnel lining or other substrate.

[0065] In another illustrative embodiment, the waterproofing coating composition further comprises an adhesion-promoting coating composition disposed on or along the cured waterproofing layer. The adhesion-promoting composition comprises one or more of a water- or solvent-based coating, a pressure-sensitive adhesive, a hot-melt adhesive, and the like. Examples of such adhesion-promoting compositions include, but are not limited to, acrylic, natural rubber, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, butyl rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber (including carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber), styrene-acrylic rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), poly(vinyl acetate), and ethylene-vinyl acetate (and most preferred are polymers used in dispersed form, such as latex or aqueous suspension).The function of the adhesion-promoting coating composition is to enhance or improve the adhesion between the cured waterproofing membrane and the concrete layer poured or sprayed onto it. In an illustrative method of the present invention, the adhesion-promoting composition is applied on or along the hardened waterproofing coating.

[0066] Although the invention is described herein using a limited number of embodiments, these specific embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the invention as described and claimed herein. Modifications and variations of the described embodiments exist. More specifically, the following examples are given as a specific illustration of the embodiments of the claimed invention. It should be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific details set forth in the examples. All parts and percentages in the examples, as well as throughout the rest of this specification, are by weight percentage unless otherwise specified.

[0067] EXAMPLES

[0068] Example 1

[0069] An exemplary liquid waterproofing composition was prepared by first making a solution of prescribed amounts of two different methacrylate monomers, a hard monomer with Tg > room temperature, and a soft monomer with Tg < room temperature, and an oligomeric dimethacrylate (with Tg < -20°C), followed by the dispersion of prescribed amounts of a wax, fumed silica, and calcium carbonate into the solution to obtain a homogeneous mixture. The liquid composition had a viscosity of approximately 0.314 Pa-s as measured by parallel plate rheometry with a 500 µm separation at 1000 s-1 and 10°C. Prescribed amounts of benzoyl peroxide (initiator) and then a tertiary amine (accelerator) were sequentially added to the mixture to initiate the working time of the liquid coating.

[0070] A membrane approximately 1.5 mm thick was cast over a release liner at ambient temperature and humidity. Complete surface and through-surface curing was achieved in less than one (1) hour, in accordance with ASTM D1640. After the membrane was fully cured, concrete was poured against the air-facing surface of the membrane. Approximately seven (7) days after the concrete pour, the tensile bond between the membrane and the concrete poured over it was tested in accordance with ASTM C1583, yielding a mean value of approximately 0.60 MPa and a standard deviation of approximately 0.16 MPa. It should be noted that this tensile bond value is between the membrane and the secondary concrete lining relative to the membrane, whereas the conventional technique usually measures the tensile bond between the membrane and the primary concrete lining relative to the membrane. ML / 1 / 1 l ¿O

[0071] Example 2

[0072] An exemplary liquid waterproofing composition was prepared by first making a solution of prescribed amounts of two different methacrylate monomers, a hard monomer with Tg > room temperature, and a soft monomer with Tg < room temperature, an oligomeric dimethacrylate (with Tg < 20°C), and a liquid rubber latex (adhesion promoter), followed by dispersing prescribed amounts of a wax, fumed silica, and calcium carbonate into the solution to obtain a homogeneous mixture. The liquid composition had a viscosity of approximately 1,801 Pa-s as measured by parallel plate rheometry with a 500 µm separation at 1,000 s⁻¹ and 10°C. Prescribed amounts of benzoyl peroxide (initiator) and then two different tertiary amines (accelerators) were added sequentially to the mixture to initiate the working time of the liquid coating.

[0073] A membrane approximately 1.5 mm thick was cast over a release liner at ambient temperature and humidity. Complete surface and through-surface curing was achieved in less than one (1) hour. After the membrane was fully cured, concrete was poured against the air-facing surface of the membrane. Approximately fourteen (14) days after the concrete was poured, the tensile bond between the membrane and the concrete poured over it was tested in accordance with ASTM C1583, with a mean value of approximately 0.90 MPa and a standard deviation of approximately 0.19 MPa.

[0074] Example 3

[0075] An exemplary liquid waterproofing composition was prepared by making two separate solutions of prescribed amounts of two different methacrylate monomers—a hard monomer with Tg > room temperature, and a soft monomer with Tg < room temperature—and an oligomeric dimethacrylate (with Tg < -20°C), followed by the dispersion of prescribed amounts of a wax, pyrogen-treated silica, and calcium carbonate to achieve homogeneous mixtures. Prescribed amounts of benzoyl peroxide (initiator) were added to one of the mixtures, and a tertiary amine (accelerator) to the other mixture, such that one part contained the peroxide initiator and the other part contained the amine accelerator.

[0076] A membrane approximately 2.7 mm thick was sprayed onto the concrete at 10°C using a two-component airless spray pump. Complete surface and through-curing was achieved in less than one (1) hour. After the membrane was fully cured, the concrete was sprayed against the membrane. Approximately 28 days after the concrete was poured, the tensile bond between the membrane and the concrete poured over it was tested in accordance with ASTM C1583, with a mean value of approximately 0.56 MPa and a standard deviation of approximately 0.09 MPa.

[0077] Example 4

[0078] An exemplary liquid waterproofing composition was prepared by making two separate solutions of prescribed amounts of two different methacrylate monomers, a hard monomer with Tg > room temperature, and a soft monomer with Tg < room temperature, a liquid rubber latex (adhesion promoter), and an oligomeric dimethacrylate (with Tg < -20°C), followed by prescribed amounts of a wax, pyrogen-treated silica, and calcium carbonate to achieve homogeneous mixtures. Prescribed amounts of benzoyl peroxide (initiator) were added to one of the mixtures, and a tertiary amine (accelerator) to the other mixture, such that one part contained the peroxide initiator and the other part contained the amine accelerator.

[0079] A membrane approximately 0.5 mm thick was sprayed onto the membrane cured as described in Example 3 at 10°C using a two-component airless spray pump. Complete surface and through curing was achieved in less than one (1) hour. After the membrane was fully cured, concrete was sprayed against the membrane. Approximately 28 days after the concrete was sprayed, the tensile bond between the membrane and the sprayed concrete was tested according to ASTM C1583 with a mean value of approximately 0.90 MPa and a standard deviation of 0.07 MPa. ΙνΙΛ / 1 / 1 l ¿O

[0080] Example 5

[0081] A membrane as described in Example 3 was sprayed onto the concrete. After curing, a latex layer approximately 0.1 mm thick (adhesion-promoting composition) was sprayed onto the cured membrane. After this latex layer was fully cured, the concrete was sprayed against the latex layer. In other words, the latex layer acts as a bonding layer between the cured membrane and the concrete sprayed onto it. Approximately 28 days after the concrete was poured, the tensile adhesion between the membrane and the concrete poured onto it was tested according to BS EN 1542 with a mean value of approximately 0.77 MPa and a standard deviation of approximately 0.12 MPa.

[0082] The above example and modalities are presented for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0083] The advantages set forth above and those arising from the preceding description are effectively achieved. Since certain changes can be made to the above construction without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matters contained in the preceding description or shown in the accompanying drawings be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

[0084] It should also be understood that the following claims are intended to cover all the generic and specific features of the invention described herein, and all statements of the scope of the invention which, as a matter of language, could be said to fall within them.

Claims

1. A method for waterproofing the surface of a tunnel, comprising: (A) providing a substrate or interior tunnel surface; (B) spraying one or more layers of a waterproofing coating composition directly or indirectly onto the substrate or interior tunnel surface, the waterproofing coating composition comprising the following components: (i) a first monomer comprising a difunctional (me)acrylate in an amount of 5% to 55% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition, and having the structure (H2C=C (R1) COOR2) 2-R3, wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R2 represents an oxyalkylene or polyoxyalkylene from C1 to C3; and R3 represents an epoxy, a polyacrylate, a polyester, a polyether, a polyolefin, a polysiloxane, a polyurethane, a vinyl polymer, or a copolymer thereof;(ii) a second monomer in the amount of 5% to 65% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition and having the structure H2C=C (R1) COOR2, wherein R1 represents the hydrogen atom or methyl group, R2 represents the linear or branched alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, alicyclic, polycyclic, heterocyclic or heteroaromatic group from C2 to Gis; (iii) an initiator in the amount of 0.1% to 5% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition; (iv) an accelerator in the amount of 0.1% to 2% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition;and (v) at least one additive selected from filler material, biocide, wax, UV absorber, stabilizer or reaction inhibitor, pigment, rheology modifier, abrasion resistance enhancer, or a mixture thereof, the at least one additive being present in the amount of 0% to 50% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition; and (C) enabling the waterproofing coating composition to harden on the substrate or inner surface of the tunnel to form a waterproof layer.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: applying a layer of hydratable cement over the waterproof layer.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the waterproof layer composition further comprises a third monomer having the structure, H2C=C (R1) COOR2, as set out in subparagraph (ii) of claim 1; the third monomer having a glass transition temperature that is at least 30°C lower than the glass transition temperature of the second monomer; and the third monomer is present in the waterproof coating composition in an amount of 5% to 60% based on the total weight of the waterproof coating composition.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the waterproofing coating composition is applied by spraying using a two-part system, wherein the first part comprises at least one of the monomers and the initiator, and the second part comprises at least one of the monomers and the accelerator.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the monomer components of the waterproofing coating composition have flash points of at least 75 °C or higher.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, in the waterproofing coating composition, the initiator is selected from alkyl or aryl peroxides, or inorganic salts.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, in the waterproofing coating composition, the accelerator is selected from an alkyl amine, an aryl amine, or a mixture thereof.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein, in the waterproofing coating composition, the at least two additives are selected from a wax, a rheology-modifying agent, a pigment, an abrasion-resistant additive, or a mixture thereof.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the waterproofing coating composition further comprises an adhesion promoter in an amount of 1% to 20% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the adhesion promoter is selected from acrylic, natural rubber, polyisoprene, polybutadiene, butyl rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), styrene-acrylic rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), poly(vinyl acetate), and ethylene-vinyl acetate.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the adhesion promoter is dispersed within an aqueous or latex suspension.

12. The method of claim 1, further comprising allowing a waterproofing coating composition to cure and applying an adhesion-promoting coating composition onto the cured waterproofing coating composition.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the adhesion-promoting coating comprises one or more of a water-based or solvent-based coating, a pressure-sensitive adhesive, and / or a hot-melt adhesive.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the adhesion-promoting coating comprises a latex coating.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein the waterproofing coating composition has a viscosity of less than 3 Pa-s measured by parallel plate rheometry with a separation of 500 microns at 1000 s-1 and 5°C.

16. The method of claim 1, further comprising applying a primer coating to the substrate or the inner surface of the tunnel, wherein the waterproofing coating composition is applied by spraying over the primer coating.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein the waterproofing coating composition, after polymerization of the monomeric components on the substrate or inner surface of the tunnel, is cured and free of stickiness in less than 1 hour after application at 030°C, in accordance with ASTM D 1640 / D 1640M- 14 (2018). 18.- The method of claim 17, wherein the coating of the waterproofing composition, after curing, has a tensile bond strength with respect to the sprayed or cast concrete against it of more than 0.3 MPa, in accordance with ASTM C1583 / C1583M-13 (2013).

19. A composition package for establishing a waterproof coating layer on a substrate or interior surface within a tunnel, the package comprising: (i) a first monomer comprising a difunctional (meth)acrylate in an amount of 5% to 55% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition, and having the structure, (H2C=C (R1) COOR2) 2-R3, wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R2 represents an oxyalkylene or a polyoxyalkylene from C1 to C3; and R3 represents an epoxy, a polyacrylate, a polyester, a polyether, a polyolefin, a polysiloxane, a polyurethane vinyl polymer, or a copolymer thereof;(ii) a second monomer in an amount of 5% to 65% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition and having the structure H2C=C (R1) COOR2, wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R2 represents a linear or branched alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, alicyclic, polycyclic, heterocyclic or heteroaromatic group from C2 to Ci; (iii) an initiator in the amount of 0.1% to 5% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition; (iv) an accelerator in the amount of 0.1% to 2% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition; and (v) at least one additive in the amount of 0% to 50% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition;Furthermore, the package comprises a first part containing the initiator and a second part containing the accelerator, and the monomers and at least one additive may be contained in the first part, in the second part, or in both parts.

20. The package of claim 19, wherein each of the first part and the second part comprises the first monomer (i), the second monomer (ii) and at least one additive, thereby enabling the first part and the second part to combine at the application site in a 1:1 ratio during spray application of the waterproofing coating composition.

21. A composition for establishing a waterproofing coating composition, comprising (i) a first monomer comprising a difunctional (meth)acrylate in an amount of 5% to 55% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition, and having the structure, H2C=C (R1) COOR2) 2-R3, wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R2 represents an oxyalkylene or a polyoxyalkylene from C1 to C3; and R3 represents an epoxy, a polyacrylate, a polyester, a polyether, a polyolefin, a polysiloxane, a polyurethane, a vinyl polymer, or a copolymer thereof;(ii) a second monomer in an amount of 5% to 65% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition and having the structure H2C=C (R1) COOR2, wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R2 represents a linear or branched alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, alicyclic, polycyclic, heterocyclic or heteroaromatic group having C2 to C1a; (iii) an initiator in the amount of 0.1% to 5% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition; (iv) an accelerator in the amount of 0.1% to 2% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition; and (v) at least one additive in the amount of 0% to 50% based on the total weight of the waterproofing coating composition.