Ventilation unit for a space

Abstract

The present invention provides a ventilation unit for a space comprising a housing having exhaust and intake ports for fluid communication with outside air and a fan positioned within the housing for displacement of air from within the space. A sensor is positioned within the housing for measurement of environmental parameters within the space with the ventilation unit having an operating system positioned within the housing in communication with the sensor for receiving the measured environmental parameters and allowing a user to control the ventilation unit to obtain preferred environmental parameters for the space.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 755,488, entitled “A VENTILATION UNIT FOR A SPACE” filed on Feb. 7, 2025, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention pertains to ventilation units and more particularly to ventilation unit for a single space.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Ventilation systems are well known; however, several systems are only applicable for entire buildings requiring complex systems and / or an extensive duct network allowing the displacement of air within a building.

[0004] Indoor air quality (IAQ) is crucial for people well-being, as the majority of them spend around 90% of their time even at home or at work. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), indoor air pollution (IAP), which caused 3,765 deaths in Canada and 4 million hospitalizations worldwide in 2019, has a significant impact on health. Incidents at the Horne foundry in Quebec, which led to the move of 80 households to Rouyn-Noranda due to the IAP negative impacts, are clearly in evidence. In June 2023, the smog spread produced by wildfires in both Montreal and Nova Scotia raised anxieties about long-term health impacts.

[0005] To handle these problems, ventilation systems have emerged as promising solutions for improving IAQ. Contemporary buildings frequently feature mechanical ventilation systems that continuously replace stale indoor air with fresh outdoor air. With technological advancements, many ventilation systems have recently evolved into smart devices, leveraging the Internet of Things (IoT) potential. These devices offer sophisticated features such as remote-control, real-time monitoring and data transmission with other connected devices.

[0006] The integration of IoT technologies has greatly improved the performance of ventilation systems, supported by significant advancements in the affordability and availability of IAQ sensors. Known smart ventilation solutions utilize compact and energy-efficient sensors to monitor major pollutants such as Carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These platforms provide real-time data, enabling more effective IAQ management. Research findings revealed that the implementation of smart ventilation systems can improve IAQ while reducing energy consumption by up to 60%.

[0007] More recently, smart ventilation and energy management approaches have been developed that uses real-time data to dynamically adjust airflow and maintain optimal air quality and energy efficiency.

[0008] Existing indoor air quality monitoring and control systems are commonly implemented using embedded processing platforms, such as microcontroller-based or single-board computing devices. Such platforms are known to support a wide range of environmental sensing functions and communication capabilities.

[0009] Known implementations integrate multiple data access and user interaction methods, including mobile applications, web-based interfaces, and local display units, thereby improving scalability, accessibility, and ease of use for different user profiles.

[0010] In some known systems, embedded wireless-enabled processing units are configured to acquire environmental parameters, including particulate matter, temperature, humidity and air pressure. The developed system transmits real-data to cloud platforms via wireless communication networks, enabling accurate and continuous monitoring for IAQ management.

[0011] While IoT applications have introduced sophisticated features for monitoring IAQ, the internal design of ventilation systems remains crucial for ensuring effective pollutant removal and air exchange. Two widely adopted approaches are Distributed mechanical ventilation (DMV) and Controlled Mechanical Ventilation (CMV) systems. Each offers specific advantages and limitations, depending on the building design occupancy type and operational requirements.

[0012] Regarding the CMV systems, they use a single fan and a duct network in order to extract stale air and supply fresh air throughout the building. However, DMV systems use multiple fans, each installed in individual utility rooms, thereby avoiding the need for ductwork. The key advantages of these systems include lower costs and simplified maintenance, particularly beneficial in the context of retrofitting existing residential buildings. Distributed ventilation systems, without ductwork, avoid many issues associated with improper duct installation and are generally easier to maintain. However, the choice of an appropriate ventilation system should consider many factors, including initial investment, construction constraints, operational costs and flexibility.

[0013] To optimize energy consumption, the communication protocol choice is important to enable efficient data exchange and coordination among the different ventilation system components. These protocols facilitate real-time communication, system responsiveness and dynamic parameter adjustment between interconnected devices.

[0014] In this context, several communication technologies have recently developed based on various parameters, such as energy efficiency, bandwidth and transmission range. For IoT applications, energy-efficient versions of IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi, such as IEEE 802.11ah, are commonly adopted. Similarly, 6LoWPAN protocols enable IPv6 connectivity for lower-power devices, making them especially well-suited for IoT-based air quality monitoring systems. ZigBee and Z-Wave offer robust mesh networking capabilities, making them ideal for sensor-dense environments that require reliable communication. Meanwhile, LoRa technology provides an excellent solution for wide-area sensor networks, offering long-range communication with minimal power consumption.

[0015] The key characteristics of communication protocols commonly used in IoT applications are presented in the table below.CharacteristicsESP-NOWBluetoothWi-FiMaximum Range (m)~22060100Transmission Speed5889382048(Kbps)Latency (ms)163.3Power Usage (mW)1042441538Signal Resistance−55 to −87−28 to −46 dBm−54 to −74(RSSI)dBm (varies(fails at 10 mdBm (bestby barrier)with walls)resistance)

[0016] In a study of a ventilation unit of the present invention, the ESP32 microcontroller and ESP-NOW communication protocol are used. It is worthy to note that the ESP-NOW is selected due to its ability to provide low latency, high transmission speed, excellent energy efficiency and its capability to provide a robust signal penetration through barriers, ensuring reliable communication even in complex environments. The proposed approach focuses on communication optimization to enhance system performance and scalability, making it particularly suitable for IoT-based ventilation systems.ESP-NOW Communication ProtocolA. Communication Protocol

[0017] ESP-NOW is a peer-to-peer communication protocol. It enables devices to establish a private wireless network using 2.4 GHz transmitters and receivers, without any need for routers or traditional connection states. This architecture facilitates quick set-up, low latency and reduced communication overhead while delivering significant gains in internal reach. This communication protocol supports flexible data transmission methods, such as multicast, unicast and broadcast, while using minimal CPU and flash memory resources. Its packet structure integrates functionalities from several layers of the OSI and TCP / IP models, using IEEE 802.11-1999 for the lower layer. Unlike conventional Wi-Fi communication, it requires no interconnection between receiver and sender. Each ESP-NOW packet includes essential fields such as MAC addresses, category codes and payloads, with a payload capacity of up to 250 bytes. This protocol offers an initial transmission rate of 1 Mbps and supports communication over distances of up to 400 meters under optimal conditions. Moreover, it allows for both unidirectional (half-duplex) or bidirectional (full duplex) communication, enabling mesh networks to be set up for information transfer between devices. Furthermore, devices which interact via separate MAC addresses can be manually adjusted.B. Communication Topologies

[0018] Two communications topology types: mesh and hierarchical are analyzed in this study. According to, mesh topology ensures robust and reliable communication by connecting each node directly with at least another one, thereby creating multiple transmission paths and increasing network resilience. However, this approach demands higher memory space, requiring approximately 253.8 KB of RAM and 816.3 KB of flash storage per node. On the other hand, hierarchical topology employs a coordinator and sub-nodes, allowing communication only between sub-nodes and the coordinator. This configuration is more memory-efficient, with the coordinator using around 225.3 KB of RAM and 854.6 KB of flash storage.

[0019] In ventilation systems applications, the ESP-NOW protocol, despite its 250-byte data limit, is considered as an effective solution to control and monitor ventilation units. It enables communication between units in order to optimize performance while maintaining low energy consumption. Overall, the combination of ESP-NOW and hierarchical topology presents a cost-effective and memory-efficient solution for controlling ventilation systems, thanks to its simple deployment, minimal maintenance requirements and high energy efficiency.

[0020] Accordingly, there is a need for a ventilation unit which is better suited to supply air to a space without the need for a complex duct system.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0021] The present invention provides for a ventilation unit for a space.

[0022] The present disclosure provides in one aspect a ventilation unit for a space comprising a housing having exhaust and intake ports for fluid communication with outside air having a fan positioned within the housing for displacement of air from within the space. A sensor positioned within the housing for measurement of environmental parameters within the space with the ventilation unit having an operating system positioned within the housing in communication with the sensor for receiving the measured environmental parameters and allowing a user to control the ventilation unit to obtain preferred environmental parameters for the space.

[0023] The present disclosure provides in another aspect a method of operating a ventilation unit for a space comprising the steps of a) determining if database is ready b) setting sensor values in database c) reading fan speed; d) updating sensor values e) controlling fan f) verifying visual indicate on the ventilation unit g) establishing wireless communication and h) communicating with databaseBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described by reference to the following figures, in which identical reference numerals in different figures indicate identical elements and in which:

[0025] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a ventilation unit according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] FIG. 2 is a is another perspective view of a ventilation unit according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] FIG. 3 is a further perspective view of a ventilation unit having a side panel removed according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] FIG. 4 is another perspective view of a ventilation unit having a side panel removed according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] FIG. 4A is a perspective view of a ventilation unit having a side panel removed showing a sensor placement according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] FIG. 4B is a side view of a ventilation unit having a side panel and bottom panels removed showing a sensor placement according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] FIG. 5 is a side view of a ventilation unit showing the flow of air allowing for fluid communication to outside air according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] FIG. 5a is a side view of a ventilation unit showing the flow of air allowing for fluid communication of outside air into a space according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] FIG. 5b is a perspective view of a ventilation unit having a filter according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] FIG. 5c is a perspective view of a ventilation unit having a filter removed from the filter support according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] FIG. 5d is an underside perspective view of a ventilation unit having a filter according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a set-up protocol for a ventilation unit according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the operation of a ventilation unit according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing two main parts for communication protocol, data storage and transmission according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of a multi-unit ventilation system communication architecture, illustrating inter-unit communication and configuration using a push-button and LED indicator, wherein the physical placement of the push-button and LED indicator is shown for illustrative purposes only, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a ventilation unit and selected internal components according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] FIG. 11 is a mobile application which can be used with a ventilation unit according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] FIG. 12 is a display of testing set-up for a ventilation unit according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] FIG. 13 is a communication block diagram which can be used in a ventilation unit according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] FIG. 14 is a display of the procedure to pairing process which can be used in a ventilation unit according to one embodiment of the present invention; and

[0045] FIG. 15 is the control logic which can be used in a ventilation unit according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] The Figures are not to scale and some features may be exaggerated or minimized to show details of particular elements while related elements may have been eliminated to prevent obscuring novel aspects. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0047] The present invention includes a ventilation unit for a space.

[0048] With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, a ventilation unit 10 is shown. Ventilation unit 10 has a housing 20 for enclosing the components of ventilation unit 10. Housing 20 has an exhaust 30 and inlets 40 for the displacement of air within a space. Exhaust 30 is in fluid communication with outside air, which in turn is in fluid communication with intake ports 40. Intake ports 40 can be a single intake or several intake ports as shown in FIG. 1. With further reference to FIG. 1 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, ventilation unit 10 has a fan 50 positioned within or nearby exhaust port 30 in housing 20. A worker skilled in the relevant art would understand the requirement for the ventilation unit to be positioned on an outside wall allowing access to outside air.

[0049] With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 and according to another embodiment of the present invention, a ventilation unit 10 is shown. Ventilation unit 10 has a housing 20 for enclosing the components of ventilation unit 10. Housing 20 has ports 30 and 40 with both ports which can act as either exhaust or intake ports as will be further described below. With further reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 and in one embodiment, port 30 is an intake port for drawing air into the ventilation unit 10 and port 40 is an outlet port for supplying air into a space. Intake port 30 is in fluid communication with outside air, which in turn is in fluid communication with outlet ports 40. Outlet ports 40 can be a single outlet or several outlet ports as shown in FIG. 1. With further reference to FIG. 1 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, ventilation unit 10 has a fan 50 positioned within or nearby intake port 30 in housing 20. A worker skilled in the relevant art would understand the requirement for the ventilation unit to be positioned on an interior wall allowing access to outside air.

[0050] With reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, ventilation unit 10 is shown having a cavity 60 within housing 20. The presence of cavity 60 allows for fluid communication between exhaust port 30 and intake ports 40. A printed circuit board (PCB) 70 allows for the control of ventilation unit 10. PCB 70 also has components allowing to wirelessly communicate with a remote application for use on a phone for example. Such communications allow a user to control unit 10 at a distance or without direct contact with the unit such as the pressing of buttons on unit 10. This wireless communication is well known in the industry.

[0051] With further reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 and according to another embodiment of the present invention, ventilation unit 10 is shown having a cavity 60 within housing 20. The presence of cavity 60 allows for fluid communication between intake port 30 and outlet ports 40. A printed circuit board (PCB) 70 allows for the control of ventilation unit 10. PCB 70 also has components allowing to wirelessly communicate with a remote application for use on a phone for example. Such communications allow a user to control unit 10 at a distance or without direct contact with the unit such as the pressing of buttons on unit 10. This wireless communication is well known in the industry

[0052] With reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B and according to one embodiment of the present invention, ventilation unit 10 has sensor 80 positioned in central location next to the fan 50 connect to exhaust port (not shown). The location of sensor 80 allows for accurate measurement of environmental parameters as required for unit 10 to function. With specific reference to FIG. 4B, sensor 80 is connected to PCB 70 allowing to convey measurements to memory storage on PCB 70. Such data is transmitted to the user as well as to the unit controller on PCB 70 to control the operation of unit 10.

[0053] With further reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B and according to another embodiment of the present invention, ventilation unit 10 has sensor 80 positioned in central location next to the fan 50 connect to intake port (not shown). The location of sensor 80 allows for accurate measurement of environmental parameters as required for unit 10 to function. With specific reference to FIG. 4B, sensor 80 is connected to PCB 70 allowing to convey measurements to memory storage on PCB 70. Such data is transmitted to the user as well as to the unit controller on PCB 70 to control the operation of unit 10.

[0054] With reference to FIG. 5 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, a ventilation unit 10 is shown installed on a wall 200. Ventilation unit 10 once positioned on a wall 200, air from a space can travel into intake ports 40 and exhaust outside through exhaust port 30 and conduit 300 allowing fluid communication with the outside air. Fluid communication from a space, through ventilation unit 10, to outside air is shown through arrows 400.

[0055] With reference to FIG. 5a and according to another embodiment of the present invention, a ventilation unit 10 is shown installed on a wall 200. Ventilation unit 10 once positioned on a wall 200, outside air is drawn into the ventilation unit 10 through intake port 30 via a conduit 300. The outside air is conveyed through the ventilation unit 10 and is subsequently discharged into a space through outlet ports 40, thereby supplying fresh air to the space. Fluid communication from outside air, through ventilation unit 10, to a space is shown through arrows 400.

[0056] With reference to FIGS. 5b to 5d and according to another embodiment of the present invention, ventilation unit 10 includes a filter 500 allowing to filter particulate matter within the air being displaced within ventilation unit 10. Filter 500 is positioned between ports 30 and 40 allowing to remove particulate matter that may present from the outside air when air is being transmitted to a space from the outside air. Air filter 500 may be selected from, but is not limited to, mechanical filters, electrostatic filters, or high-efficiency particulate matter air filters. With further reference to FIG. 5c, air filter 500 is positioned within an air filter support 510 allowing ease of installation within ventilation unit 10. Filter support 510 has a handle tab 512 further facilitating the removal or installation of filter support with filter 500 within ventilation unit 10.

[0057] The present ventilation unit can operate as a stand-alone unit wherein the ventilation unit does not communicate with other ventilation units, or a central ventilation system present in a building. The present ventilation unit can communicate with a central ventilation system if such a central ventilation system is present in the building. When communication with a central ventilation system, the present ventilation unit becomes a passive unit which is under control by the central ventilation system. By becoming passive, this allows for the central ventilation system to control the entire ventilation within a building. In a passive state, up to three ventilation units of the present disclosure can be connected to a central ventilation system. In other applications, the present ventilation unit could operate in an infinite number of units connected to a central ventilation system.

[0058] The present ventilation unit also has the ability to communicate with a central data system owned by the Manufacturer. This connectivity allows the manufacture to store all measured environmental data as well as update the ventilation unit at a distance. A user can retrieve their collected data for their specific space in the scenario of a malfunctioning unit needing to be replaced.

[0059] The ventilation unit of the present invention has a set-up procedure which is described in FIG. 6 which configures all the necessary components for proper use of the unit. With reference to FIG. 6 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, at step 600 the sensor is configured as well as confirmation of functionality. In one embodiment, the sensor used is a BME680 sensor which can measure air temperature, humidity and air quality index among other environmental parameters of a space. At step 610, a determination of the presence of a central ventilation system is processed. If a central ventilation system is detected, then a communication is established between the ventilation unit and the central ventilation system. The communication between the ventilation unit and the central ventilation system is established automatically after an initial pairing process. For example, when establishing a first connection between the unit and ventilation system, a pairing procedure must be performed by pressing a button five times on the unit. This allows the ventilation unit to detect the central ventilation system and establish the connection. Once this initial pairing is completed, the ventilation unit will automatically reconnect to the central ventilation system whenever necessary. As a further example, in the event of a power outage, a connection failure, or if the ventilation unit is unplugged for maintenance, it will automatically reconnect to the central ventilation system once powered on again, without any user intervention.

[0060] If there is no central ventilation system, then the ventilation unit will operate as a stand-alone unit for a space. At steps 620 and 630, the unit will be configured to communicate via WIFI and establish this connection. Upon having a connection to WIFI at step 640, the ventilation unit will configure the database to receive the fan status and save the measured environmental parameters. A final step 650 in the set-up process requires the configuration of the visual indicators on the unit such as on / off and status of the unit for example error signal of the present invention.

[0061] With reference to FIG. 7 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, the flow chart of the unit in operation is shown. At step 700, the unit determines if the database has been created. If the database has been created during the set-up process, at step 710 the ventilation unit will set the sensor values in the database. At step 720, the ventilation unit will read the fan speed. At step 730, the newly received environmental parameters from the sensor will be read. At step 740, the speed fan within the ventilation unit will be adjusted according to the fan speed set by the user and the measured environmental parameters. At step 750 the unit will verify the button status if it is pressed or not (for pairing, factory reset or disconnect the ventilation unit from the central ventilation system) and will assure the proper indication of the button status is displayed on the unit. At step 760, the ventilation unit will verify whether communication has been established with the central ventilation system to enable the exchange of measured environmental parameters. At step 770, the unit will communicate with the database to recommence the loop at 700.

[0062] In other embodiments of the present ventilation unit for a space, other features such as recognising sensor malfunction and connections failures could have visual indicators on the unit displaying the issue.

[0063] The unit could also have an automatic message sent to the manufacturer's central database if the product is registered with the manufacturer. These messages could be error messages for the sensors, connection and issues with the fan among other features as would be known by a worker skilled in the relevant art.

[0064] Environmental parameters in the present disclosure include the following parameters such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, air quality index but is not limited to these specific parameters. The present disclosure could have additional sensors which measure other environmental parameters not disclosed in the present disclosure, but current sensors are available to measure other environmental parameters not listed. Other parameters could be dust concentration, carbon dioxide levels, volatile organic compounds, particulate matter levels, noise and lighting intensity among other parameters. The current unit could be modified to measure such parameters to optimize a person's enjoyment of a space having a unit of the present invention.

[0065] A person understanding this invention may now conceive of alternative structures and embodiments or variations of the above all of which are intended to fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims that follow.

[0066] Further embodiments of the proposed invention are contained in the following pages.

[0067] In one embodiment of the present invention, an experimental platform was developed and installed in an enclosed indoor environment to assess the IAQ. This assessment takes into account variations in temperature, humidity and static pressure detected by other units already installed in the same environment. The measured parameters are used to analyze the evolution of IAQ under different scenarios. Based on this analysis, decisions are made to trigger specific actions for each unit, adapted to each situation.

[0068] When poor IAQ is detected, the system automatically activates the ventilation fan to purify the incoming air for a predetermined duration, which is further adjusted based on real-time measurements. Static pressure data is also leveraged to monitor the condition of air filters, enabling the system to detect when cleaning or replacement is required.

[0069] To enable coordination among multiple devices, a dedicated communication protocol and network topology were selected to ensure seamless remote communication. Each unit shares its own measurements with the others, facilitating collaborative decision-making to enhance IAQ. Fan operation is optimized based on real-time data, improving energy efficiency by minimizing unnecessary runtime.

[0070] With reference to FIG. 8 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, the proposed approach is shown in the block diagram, which is divided into two main parts:

[0071] Remote data transmission using the ESP-NOW communication protocol 1000

[0072] Real-time data storage and monitoring 2000

[0073] The main objective of part 1000 is to establish reliable bidirectional remote communication between connected modules and the master unit. In one embodiment, such communication is implemented using a peer-to-peer wireless communication protocol. For this purpose, a wireless-enabled microcontroller was integrated into the wall-mounted ventilation unit. In one non-limiting embodiment, the microcontroller comprises an ESP32 module configured to support high communication throughput, low power consumption and extended communication range. Other communication modules having similar functional capabilities may be used without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0074] To simplify configuration between multiple ventilation units, a user interface element 3000, configured to provide actuation and visual indication functions, is incorporated into the ventilation unit, as shown FIG. 9.

[0075] In one embodiment, the user interface element comprises a combined Button-LED configured to allow user interaction for configuration purposes while simultaneously providing visual feedback. Alternatively, the user interface element may be implemented as multiple discrete components, including a push-button and a separate LED indicator, without departing from the scope of the present invention. In both configurations, the visual indication function serves as a status indicator to signal the proper ventilation unit operation and alerting users to potential issues such as communication failures between units, sensor malfunctions or the need for filter replacement.

[0076] To validate the ventilation unit's reliability and ensure it does not interfere with nearby systems, various test scenarios were conducted:

[0077] In the first scenario, master and single slave ventilation units were used to evaluate the data transfer efficiency between the two units. The second scenario, similar to the first one, included an additional slave ventilation unit, enabled to confirm the correct data transmission. In the third scenario, two master units and a single slave were tested to ensure that the master unit correctly manages the pairing process with the slave.

[0078] With further reference to FIG. 8 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, regarding the second part 2000 (i.e data storage monitoring) it plays an important role in the overall architecture. It ensures that collected data remains secure and readily accessible for analysis. In addition, the system must operate at a sufficient speed to allow real-time monitoring of IAQ and dynamic control. This monitoring can be performed either manually or autonomously depending on the measured parameters.

[0079] With reference to FIG. 10 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, the ventilation unit 10 consists of a DC fan, a metal fan guard for safety and a MERV8 filter for effective removal of particulate matter. Moreover, it incorporates a BEM680 sensor and a dual Button-LED that facilitates device pairing, factory reset and warning notifications. A custom printed circuit board (PCB) was designed based on the ESP32 microcontroller, to manage the core functionalities of the system, including sensor data acquisition, communication control and fan operation logic. Other wireless-enabled microcontroller modules having similar communication and processing capabilities may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0080] In the testing of the present invention, each ventilation unit operates autonomously based on data collected from BME680 sensor. Particulate matter is filtered using MERV8 filter, while collaborative operation between units within the same building is ensured using the ESP-NOW communication protocol.

[0081] With reference to FIG. 11, a mobile application is provided to allow a user to remotely monitor measured environmental parameters and manage operating settings of one or more ventilation units. The mobile application enables user interaction for functions such as adjusting fan speed settings, creating smart routines, and visualizing historical sensor data.

[0082] The mobile application may further provide additional monitoring, configuration, control, and notification functionalities without departing from the scope of the present invention. Such functionalities may include, but are not limited to, system status indication, alert and notification management, maintenance notifications, user account management, and remote configuration of operating modes.

[0083] With reference to FIG. 12, an experimental setup was implemented and installed within a laboratory environment in order to validate the functionality of the ventilation unit.

[0084] According to one embodiment of the present invention, an initial configuration procedure is performed to ensure proper functionality and communication of the ventilation unit. It includes components pin configuration and including a fan, a Button-LED providing actuation and visual indication functions, and BME680 sensor. A quality control (QC) test may be executed using a dedicated Wi-Fi network to validate key system functions.

[0085] The ventilation unit is further configured to support remote communication with a mobile application by assigning a network address and retrieving device-specific information from EEPROM memory. Such information may include a unit ID, a user ID, and Wi-Fi credentials. In addition, local peer-to-peer communication parameters are configured, including an operational role designation for the ventilation unit. A timer is activated to schedule the main tasks (including sensor reading, data storage, and communication).Peer-to-Peer Communication Configuration

[0086] In one embodiment, three different scenarios are presented to evaluate and ensure optimal peer-to-peer wireless communication.

[0087] Switching from master to slave mode: Three consecutive button presses switch the unit to slave mode. The unit retains its status in EEPROM. This ensures that even after a power failure, the unit remains in slave mode. If the user presses the button three times by mistake, no action will be triggered, preventing unintended mode changes.

[0088] Pairing mode: Pairing is initiated by pressing the button five times on the master side, then on the slave one. If no connection is established within 5 minutes, pairing mode is disactivated to prevent accidental connection with another unit.

[0089] Automatic pairing mode: Automatic pairing is performed using stored identification parameters and a shared authentication mechanism. Once paired, secure bidirectional data exchange is enabled between the ventilation units, and unique identifiers may be assigned to connected units.

[0090] The number of button presses, the interaction sequences, and the associated timing described herein are provided by way of example only and may be modified or configured differently without departing from the scope of the present invention.Configuration Via Mobile Application

[0091] The unit receives a request containing Wi-Fi access point details, such as network name and password. This connection process may take a few moments, while the unit connects first to the Wi-Fi network, then to the database.

[0092] In this case, all units start interacting locally via the ESP-NOW protocol and storing data in the database. This enables data to be consulted via the mobile application while being shared locally via ESP-NOW, without any interruption or connection loss.Communication with a Central Ventilation System

[0093] In one embodiment, the ventilation unit of the present invention is configured to operate as a secondary unit in communication with a central ventilation system installed within the same environment. The ventilation unit is adapted to exchange operational data with the central ventilation system to enhance indoor air quality management.

[0094] To support interoperability, a master-slave communication is maintained, with modifications applied to the pairing procedure to accommodate the central ventilation system. Such modifications enable coordinated operation between the ventilation unit and the central ventilation system without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0095] With reference to FIG. 13 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, the communication block diagram 5000 shows as to how a ventilation unit operates as a slave in communication with the central ventilation system, wherein the central ventilation system operates as the master.

[0096] The major difference is in how the pairing is carried out. There is no need to switch between master and slave modes. From the outset, the central ventilation system is considered as the master, while the new developed unit operates as the slave. The pairing process remains globally unchanged, and is initiated through a predefined user interaction sequence with a push-button interface. However, the unit must be unplugged, then a series of button actuations be performed while the LED is flashing, before plugging it back in. This procedure 6000 compares the two Wi-Fi network lists before and after powering up the unit as illustrated in FIG. 14 according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0097] Upon identification of the central control system, identification parameters associated with the master unit are automatically detected and added to a peer list, thereby establishing a communication link between the ventilation unit and the central ventilation system.

[0098] Once communication is established, relevant master unit information is transmitted to the slave, including fan speed, maximum speed, current speed, desired humidity, sensor measurements and data from other units connected to the master.

[0099] In the developed system, sensor measurements and data received via the central ventilation system are used to control the fan operation across four modes: low, medium, intermediate and high.Ventilation Unit Control Logic

[0100] With reference to FIG. 15 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, the control logic 7000 of the developed ventilation unit is illustrated.

[0101] In one embodiment of the ventilation unit, the control logic is configured to operate according to at least one of the following operating scenarios:

[0102] Standalone Operation: The ventilation unit 10 autonomously adjusts a fan speed based on measured environmental parameters.

[0103] Wi-Fi-Connected Operation: When the ventilation unit 10 is connected to the Wi-Fi, the control logic follows user-defined commands received via a mobile application, while applying adaptive adjustments based on the measured environmental parameters.

[0104] Operation with a Central Ventilation System: When the ventilation unit 10 is operatively connected to a central ventilation system, the central ventilation system imposes a maximum allowable fan speed, while allowing the ventilation unit 10 to retain complementary intelligent control within said imposed limit.Environmental Severity Score Determination

[0105] In one embodiment, the control logic calculates a severity score within a normalized range [0,1], representative of indoor environmental conditions, based on one or more measured environmental parameters.

[0106] The severity score may be derived from:

[0107] A. Air quality score proportional to a measured air quality index;

[0108] B. Humidity score based on a measured relative humidity exceeding a predefined humidity threshold;

[0109] Temperature score based on deviation from a predefined comfort temperature range.

[0110] In one embodiment, the severity score is computed as a weighted combination of the air quality score, the humidity score, and the temperature score, wherein the air quality score has a greater weighting factor than the humidity and temperature scores.Hysteresis Control

[0111] In one embodiment, the control logic applies hysteresis to the severity score to prevent oscillatory fan speed behavior. The control logic maintains a previously applied effective severity score when a difference between a newly calculated severity score and the effective severity score remains below a predefined hysteresis threshold.

[0112] This hysteresis mechanism is applied regardless of whether a fan operating mode is imposed by the central ventilation system or by a user application.Operating Mode Selection

[0113] In one embodiment, the control logic selects one of a plurality of fan operating modes based on system availability and sensor status, wherein:

[0114] When a central ventilation system is available, the fan operating mode is determined by the central ventilation system;

[0115] When a user application is connected, the fan operating mode is determined by the user application;

[0116] When valid environmental sensor data is available and no external operating mode is imposed, the control logic automatically selects a fan operating mode based on the severity score;

[0117] When no valid environmental sensor data and no external control input are available, the control logic enforces a predefined low-speed safety mode.Fan Speed Modulation

[0118] In one embodiment, fan speed modulation is performed by the control logic using an active-low pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal. A duty cycle of the PWM signal is determined as a function of the effective severity score and predefined duty cycle bounds associated with each fan operating mode.

[0119] Each fan operating mode is associated with a predefined airflow range and a corresponding PWM duty cycle range.Output Signal Smoothing

[0120] In one embodiment, the control logic applies an exponential moving average (EMA) to the PWM duty cycle signal in order to reduce noise and abrupt transitions. The EMA assigns greater weight to more recent values, thereby improving responsiveness while maintaining output stability.

[0121] In one embodiment the present invention provides a ventilation unit for a space comprising a housing having exhaust and intake ports for fluid communication with outside air and a fan positioned within the housing for displacement of air from within the space. A sensor is positioned within the housing for measurement of environmental parameters within the space with the ventilation unit having an operating system positioned within the housing in communication with the sensor for receiving the measured environmental parameters and allowing a user to control the ventilation unit to obtain preferred environmental parameters for the space.

Examples

Embodiment Construction

[0047]The present invention includes a ventilation unit for a space.

[0048]With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, a ventilation unit 10 is shown. Ventilation unit 10 has a housing 20 for enclosing the components of ventilation unit 10. Housing 20 has an exhaust 30 and inlets 40 for the displacement of air within a space. Exhaust 30 is in fluid communication with outside air, which in turn is in fluid communication with intake ports 40. Intake ports 40 can be a single intake or several intake ports as shown in FIG. 1. With further reference to FIG. 1 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, ventilation unit 10 has a fan 50 positioned within or nearby exhaust port 30 in housing 20. A worker skilled in the relevant art would understand the requirement for the ventilation unit to be positioned on an outside wall allowing access to outside air.

[0049]With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 and according to another embodiment of th...

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 755,488, entitled “A VENTILATION UNIT FOR A SPACE” filed on Feb. 7, 2025, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention pertains to ventilation units and more particularly to ventilation unit for a single space.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0003] Ventilation systems are well known; however, several systems are only applicable for entire buildings requiring complex systems and / or an extensive duct network allowing the displacement of air within a building.

[0004] Indoor air quality (IAQ) is crucial for people well-being, as the majority of them spend around 90% of their time even at home or at work. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), indoor air pollution (IAP), which caused 3,765 deaths in Canada and 4 million hospitalizations worldwide in 2019, has a significant impact on health. Incidents at the Horne foundry in Quebec, which led to the move of 80 households to Rouyn-Noranda due to the IAP negative impacts, are clearly in evidence. In June 2023, the smog spread produced by wildfires in both Montreal and Nova Scotia raised anxieties about long-term health impacts.

[0005] To handle these problems, ventilation systems have emerged as promising solutions for improving IAQ. Contemporary buildings frequently feature mechanical ventilation systems that continuously replace stale indoor air with fresh outdoor air. With technological advancements, many ventilation systems have recently evolved into smart devices, leveraging the Internet of Things (IoT) potential. These devices offer sophisticated features such as remote-control, real-time monitoring and data transmission with other connected devices.

[0006] The integration of IoT technologies has greatly improved the performance of ventilation systems, supported by significant advancements in the affordability and availability of IAQ sensors. Known smart ventilation solutions utilize compact and energy-efficient sensors to monitor major pollutants such as Carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These platforms provide real-time data, enabling more effective IAQ management. Research findings revealed that the implementation of smart ventilation systems can improve IAQ while reducing energy consumption by up to 60%.

[0007] More recently, smart ventilation and energy management approaches have been developed that uses real-time data to dynamically adjust airflow and maintain optimal air quality and energy efficiency.

[0008] Existing indoor air quality monitoring and control systems are commonly implemented using embedded processing platforms, such as microcontroller-based or single-board computing devices. Such platforms are known to support a wide range of environmental sensing functions and communication capabilities.

[0009] Known implementations integrate multiple data access and user interaction methods, including mobile applications, web-based interfaces, and local display units, thereby improving scalability, accessibility, and ease of use for different user profiles.

[0010] In some known systems, embedded wireless-enabled processing units are configured to acquire environmental parameters, including particulate matter, temperature, humidity and air pressure. The developed system transmits real-data to cloud platforms via wireless communication networks, enabling accurate and continuous monitoring for IAQ management.

[0011] While IoT applications have introduced sophisticated features for monitoring IAQ, the internal design of ventilation systems remains crucial for ensuring effective pollutant removal and air exchange. Two widely adopted approaches are Distributed mechanical ventilation (DMV) and Controlled Mechanical Ventilation (CMV) systems. Each offers specific advantages and limitations, depending on the building design occupancy type and operational requirements.

[0012] Regarding the CMV systems, they use a single fan and a duct network in order to extract stale air and supply fresh air throughout the building. However, DMV systems use multiple fans, each installed in individual utility rooms, thereby avoiding the need for ductwork. The key advantages of these systems include lower costs and simplified maintenance, particularly beneficial in the context of retrofitting existing residential buildings. Distributed ventilation systems, without ductwork, avoid many issues associated with improper duct installation and are generally easier to maintain. However, the choice of an appropriate ventilation system should consider many factors, including initial investment, construction constraints, operational costs and flexibility.

[0013] To optimize energy consumption, the communication protocol choice is important to enable efficient data exchange and coordination among the different ventilation system components. These protocols facilitate real-time communication, system responsiveness and dynamic parameter adjustment between interconnected devices.

[0014] In this context, several communication technologies have recently developed based on various parameters, such as energy efficiency, bandwidth and transmission range. For IoT applications, energy-efficient versions of IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi, such as IEEE 802.11ah, are commonly adopted. Similarly, 6LoWPAN protocols enable IPv6 connectivity for lower-power devices, making them especially well-suited for IoT-based air quality monitoring systems. ZigBee and Z-Wave offer robust mesh networking capabilities, making them ideal for sensor-dense environments that require reliable communication. Meanwhile, LoRa technology provides an excellent solution for wide-area sensor networks, offering long-range communication with minimal power consumption.

[0015] The key characteristics of communication protocols commonly used in IoT applications are presented in the table below.CharacteristicsESP-NOWBluetoothWi-FiMaximum Range (m)~22060100Transmission Speed5889382048(Kbps)Latency (ms)163.3Power Usage (mW)1042441538Signal Resistance−55 to −87−28 to −46 dBm−54 to −74(RSSI)dBm (varies(fails at 10 mdBm (bestby barrier)with walls)resistance)

[0016] In a study of a ventilation unit of the present invention, the ESP32 microcontroller and ESP-NOW communication protocol are used. It is worthy to note that the ESP-NOW is selected due to its ability to provide low latency, high transmission speed, excellent energy efficiency and its capability to provide a robust signal penetration through barriers, ensuring reliable communication even in complex environments. The proposed approach focuses on communication optimization to enhance system performance and scalability, making it particularly suitable for IoT-based ventilation systems.ESP-NOW Communication ProtocolA. Communication Protocol

[0017] ESP-NOW is a peer-to-peer communication protocol. It enables devices to establish a private wireless network using 2.4 GHz transmitters and receivers, without any need for routers or traditional connection states. This architecture facilitates quick set-up, low latency and reduced communication overhead while delivering significant gains in internal reach. This communication protocol supports flexible data transmission methods, such as multicast, unicast and broadcast, while using minimal CPU and flash memory resources. Its packet structure integrates functionalities from several layers of the OSI and TCP / IP models, using IEEE 802.11-1999 for the lower layer. Unlike conventional Wi-Fi communication, it requires no interconnection between receiver and sender. Each ESP-NOW packet includes essential fields such as MAC addresses, category codes and payloads, with a payload capacity of up to 250 bytes. This protocol offers an initial transmission rate of 1 Mbps and supports communication over distances of up to 400 meters under optimal conditions. Moreover, it allows for both unidirectional (half-duplex) or bidirectional (full duplex) communication, enabling mesh networks to be set up for information transfer between devices. Furthermore, devices which interact via separate MAC addresses can be manually adjusted.B. Communication Topologies

[0018] Two communications topology types: mesh and hierarchical are analyzed in this study. According to, mesh topology ensures robust and reliable communication by connecting each node directly with at least another one, thereby creating multiple transmission paths and increasing network resilience. However, this approach demands higher memory space, requiring approximately 253.8 KB of RAM and 816.3 KB of flash storage per node. On the other hand, hierarchical topology employs a coordinator and sub-nodes, allowing communication only between sub-nodes and the coordinator. This configuration is more memory-efficient, with the coordinator using around 225.3 KB of RAM and 854.6 KB of flash storage.

[0019] In ventilation systems applications, the ESP-NOW protocol, despite its 250-byte data limit, is considered as an effective solution to control and monitor ventilation units. It enables communication between units in order to optimize performance while maintaining low energy consumption. Overall, the combination of ESP-NOW and hierarchical topology presents a cost-effective and memory-efficient solution for controlling ventilation systems, thanks to its simple deployment, minimal maintenance requirements and high energy efficiency.

[0020] Accordingly, there is a need for a ventilation unit which is better suited to supply air to a space without the need for a complex duct system.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0021] The present invention provides for a ventilation unit for a space.

[0022] The present disclosure provides in one aspect a ventilation unit for a space comprising a housing having exhaust and intake ports for fluid communication with outside air having a fan positioned within the housing for displacement of air from within the space. A sensor positioned within the housing for measurement of environmental parameters within the space with the ventilation unit having an operating system positioned within the housing in communication with the sensor for receiving the measured environmental parameters and allowing a user to control the ventilation unit to obtain preferred environmental parameters for the space.

[0023] The present disclosure provides in another aspect a method of operating a ventilation unit for a space comprising the steps of a) determining if database is ready b) setting sensor values in database c) reading fan speed; d) updating sensor values e) controlling fan f) verifying visual indicate on the ventilation unit g) establishing wireless communication and h) communicating with databaseBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described by reference to the following figures, in which identical reference numerals in different figures indicate identical elements and in which:

[0025] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a ventilation unit according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] FIG. 2 is a is another perspective view of a ventilation unit according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] FIG. 3 is a further perspective view of a ventilation unit having a side panel removed according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] FIG. 4 is another perspective view of a ventilation unit having a side panel removed according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] FIG. 4A is a perspective view of a ventilation unit having a side panel removed showing a sensor placement according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] FIG. 4B is a side view of a ventilation unit having a side panel and bottom panels removed showing a sensor placement according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] FIG. 5 is a side view of a ventilation unit showing the flow of air allowing for fluid communication to outside air according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] FIG. 5a is a side view of a ventilation unit showing the flow of air allowing for fluid communication of outside air into a space according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] FIG. 5b is a perspective view of a ventilation unit having a filter according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] FIG. 5c is a perspective view of a ventilation unit having a filter removed from the filter support according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] FIG. 5d is an underside perspective view of a ventilation unit having a filter according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a set-up protocol for a ventilation unit according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the operation of a ventilation unit according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing two main parts for communication protocol, data storage and transmission according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of a multi-unit ventilation system communication architecture, illustrating inter-unit communication and configuration using a push-button and LED indicator, wherein the physical placement of the push-button and LED indicator is shown for illustrative purposes only, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a ventilation unit and selected internal components according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] FIG. 11 is a mobile application which can be used with a ventilation unit according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] FIG. 12 is a display of testing set-up for a ventilation unit according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] FIG. 13 is a communication block diagram which can be used in a ventilation unit according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] FIG. 14 is a display of the procedure to pairing process which can be used in a ventilation unit according to one embodiment of the present invention; and

[0045] FIG. 15 is the control logic which can be used in a ventilation unit according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] The Figures are not to scale and some features may be exaggerated or minimized to show details of particular elements while related elements may have been eliminated to prevent obscuring novel aspects. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting but merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0047] The present invention includes a ventilation unit for a space.

[0048] With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, a ventilation unit 10 is shown. Ventilation unit 10 has a housing 20 for enclosing the components of ventilation unit 10. Housing 20 has an exhaust 30 and inlets 40 for the displacement of air within a space. Exhaust 30 is in fluid communication with outside air, which in turn is in fluid communication with intake ports 40. Intake ports 40 can be a single intake or several intake ports as shown in FIG. 1. With further reference to FIG. 1 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, ventilation unit 10 has a fan 50 positioned within or nearby exhaust port 30 in housing 20. A worker skilled in the relevant art would understand the requirement for the ventilation unit to be positioned on an outside wall allowing access to outside air.

[0049] With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 and according to another embodiment of the present invention, a ventilation unit 10 is shown. Ventilation unit 10 has a housing 20 for enclosing the components of ventilation unit 10. Housing 20 has ports 30 and 40 with both ports which can act as either exhaust or intake ports as will be further described below. With further reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 and in one embodiment, port 30 is an intake port for drawing air into the ventilation unit 10 and port 40 is an outlet port for supplying air into a space. Intake port 30 is in fluid communication with outside air, which in turn is in fluid communication with outlet ports 40. Outlet ports 40 can be a single outlet or several outlet ports as shown in FIG. 1. With further reference to FIG. 1 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, ventilation unit 10 has a fan 50 positioned within or nearby intake port 30 in housing 20. A worker skilled in the relevant art would understand the requirement for the ventilation unit to be positioned on an interior wall allowing access to outside air.

[0050] With reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, ventilation unit 10 is shown having a cavity 60 within housing 20. The presence of cavity 60 allows for fluid communication between exhaust port 30 and intake ports 40. A printed circuit board (PCB) 70 allows for the control of ventilation unit 10. PCB 70 also has components allowing to wirelessly communicate with a remote application for use on a phone for example. Such communications allow a user to control unit 10 at a distance or without direct contact with the unit such as the pressing of buttons on unit 10. This wireless communication is well known in the industry.

[0051] With further reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 and according to another embodiment of the present invention, ventilation unit 10 is shown having a cavity 60 within housing 20. The presence of cavity 60 allows for fluid communication between intake port 30 and outlet ports 40. A printed circuit board (PCB) 70 allows for the control of ventilation unit 10. PCB 70 also has components allowing to wirelessly communicate with a remote application for use on a phone for example. Such communications allow a user to control unit 10 at a distance or without direct contact with the unit such as the pressing of buttons on unit 10. This wireless communication is well known in the industry

[0052] With reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B and according to one embodiment of the present invention, ventilation unit 10 has sensor 80 positioned in central location next to the fan 50 connect to exhaust port (not shown). The location of sensor 80 allows for accurate measurement of environmental parameters as required for unit 10 to function. With specific reference to FIG. 4B, sensor 80 is connected to PCB 70 allowing to convey measurements to memory storage on PCB 70. Such data is transmitted to the user as well as to the unit controller on PCB 70 to control the operation of unit 10.

[0053] With further reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B and according to another embodiment of the present invention, ventilation unit 10 has sensor 80 positioned in central location next to the fan 50 connect to intake port (not shown). The location of sensor 80 allows for accurate measurement of environmental parameters as required for unit 10 to function. With specific reference to FIG. 4B, sensor 80 is connected to PCB 70 allowing to convey measurements to memory storage on PCB 70. Such data is transmitted to the user as well as to the unit controller on PCB 70 to control the operation of unit 10.

[0054] With reference to FIG. 5 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, a ventilation unit 10 is shown installed on a wall 200. Ventilation unit 10 once positioned on a wall 200, air from a space can travel into intake ports 40 and exhaust outside through exhaust port 30 and conduit 300 allowing fluid communication with the outside air. Fluid communication from a space, through ventilation unit 10, to outside air is shown through arrows 400.

[0055] With reference to FIG. 5a and according to another embodiment of the present invention, a ventilation unit 10 is shown installed on a wall 200. Ventilation unit 10 once positioned on a wall 200, outside air is drawn into the ventilation unit 10 through intake port 30 via a conduit 300. The outside air is conveyed through the ventilation unit 10 and is subsequently discharged into a space through outlet ports 40, thereby supplying fresh air to the space. Fluid communication from outside air, through ventilation unit 10, to a space is shown through arrows 400.

[0056] With reference to FIGS. 5b to 5d and according to another embodiment of the present invention, ventilation unit 10 includes a filter 500 allowing to filter particulate matter within the air being displaced within ventilation unit 10. Filter 500 is positioned between ports 30 and 40 allowing to remove particulate matter that may present from the outside air when air is being transmitted to a space from the outside air. Air filter 500 may be selected from, but is not limited to, mechanical filters, electrostatic filters, or high-efficiency particulate matter air filters. With further reference to FIG. 5c, air filter 500 is positioned within an air filter support 510 allowing ease of installation within ventilation unit 10. Filter support 510 has a handle tab 512 further facilitating the removal or installation of filter support with filter 500 within ventilation unit 10.

[0057] The present ventilation unit can operate as a stand-alone unit wherein the ventilation unit does not communicate with other ventilation units, or a central ventilation system present in a building. The present ventilation unit can communicate with a central ventilation system if such a central ventilation system is present in the building. When communication with a central ventilation system, the present ventilation unit becomes a passive unit which is under control by the central ventilation system. By becoming passive, this allows for the central ventilation system to control the entire ventilation within a building. In a passive state, up to three ventilation units of the present disclosure can be connected to a central ventilation system. In other applications, the present ventilation unit could operate in an infinite number of units connected to a central ventilation system.

[0058] The present ventilation unit also has the ability to communicate with a central data system owned by the Manufacturer. This connectivity allows the manufacture to store all measured environmental data as well as update the ventilation unit at a distance. A user can retrieve their collected data for their specific space in the scenario of a malfunctioning unit needing to be replaced.

[0059] The ventilation unit of the present invention has a set-up procedure which is described in FIG. 6 which configures all the necessary components for proper use of the unit. With reference to FIG. 6 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, at step 600 the sensor is configured as well as confirmation of functionality. In one embodiment, the sensor used is a BME680 sensor which can measure air temperature, humidity and air quality index among other environmental parameters of a space. At step 610, a determination of the presence of a central ventilation system is processed. If a central ventilation system is detected, then a communication is established between the ventilation unit and the central ventilation system. The communication between the ventilation unit and the central ventilation system is established automatically after an initial pairing process. For example, when establishing a first connection between the unit and ventilation system, a pairing procedure must be performed by pressing a button five times on the unit. This allows the ventilation unit to detect the central ventilation system and establish the connection. Once this initial pairing is completed, the ventilation unit will automatically reconnect to the central ventilation system whenever necessary. As a further example, in the event of a power outage, a connection failure, or if the ventilation unit is unplugged for maintenance, it will automatically reconnect to the central ventilation system once powered on again, without any user intervention.

[0060] If there is no central ventilation system, then the ventilation unit will operate as a stand-alone unit for a space. At steps 620 and 630, the unit will be configured to communicate via WIFI and establish this connection. Upon having a connection to WIFI at step 640, the ventilation unit will configure the database to receive the fan status and save the measured environmental parameters. A final step 650 in the set-up process requires the configuration of the visual indicators on the unit such as on / off and status of the unit for example error signal of the present invention.

[0061] With reference to FIG. 7 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, the flow chart of the unit in operation is shown. At step 700, the unit determines if the database has been created. If the database has been created during the set-up process, at step 710 the ventilation unit will set the sensor values in the database. At step 720, the ventilation unit will read the fan speed. At step 730, the newly received environmental parameters from the sensor will be read. At step 740, the speed fan within the ventilation unit will be adjusted according to the fan speed set by the user and the measured environmental parameters. At step 750 the unit will verify the button status if it is pressed or not (for pairing, factory reset or disconnect the ventilation unit from the central ventilation system) and will assure the proper indication of the button status is displayed on the unit. At step 760, the ventilation unit will verify whether communication has been established with the central ventilation system to enable the exchange of measured environmental parameters. At step 770, the unit will communicate with the database to recommence the loop at 700.

[0062] In other embodiments of the present ventilation unit for a space, other features such as recognising sensor malfunction and connections failures could have visual indicators on the unit displaying the issue.

[0063] The unit could also have an automatic message sent to the manufacturer's central database if the product is registered with the manufacturer. These messages could be error messages for the sensors, connection and issues with the fan among other features as would be known by a worker skilled in the relevant art.

[0064] Environmental parameters in the present disclosure include the following parameters such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, air quality index but is not limited to these specific parameters. The present disclosure could have additional sensors which measure other environmental parameters not disclosed in the present disclosure, but current sensors are available to measure other environmental parameters not listed. Other parameters could be dust concentration, carbon dioxide levels, volatile organic compounds, particulate matter levels, noise and lighting intensity among other parameters. The current unit could be modified to measure such parameters to optimize a person's enjoyment of a space having a unit of the present invention.

[0065] A person understanding this invention may now conceive of alternative structures and embodiments or variations of the above all of which are intended to fall within the scope of the invention as defined in the claims that follow.

[0066] Further embodiments of the proposed invention are contained in the following pages.

[0067] In one embodiment of the present invention, an experimental platform was developed and installed in an enclosed indoor environment to assess the IAQ. This assessment takes into account variations in temperature, humidity and static pressure detected by other units already installed in the same environment. The measured parameters are used to analyze the evolution of IAQ under different scenarios. Based on this analysis, decisions are made to trigger specific actions for each unit, adapted to each situation.

[0068] When poor IAQ is detected, the system automatically activates the ventilation fan to purify the incoming air for a predetermined duration, which is further adjusted based on real-time measurements. Static pressure data is also leveraged to monitor the condition of air filters, enabling the system to detect when cleaning or replacement is required.

[0069] To enable coordination among multiple devices, a dedicated communication protocol and network topology were selected to ensure seamless remote communication. Each unit shares its own measurements with the others, facilitating collaborative decision-making to enhance IAQ. Fan operation is optimized based on real-time data, improving energy efficiency by minimizing unnecessary runtime.

[0070] With reference to FIG. 8 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, the proposed approach is shown in the block diagram, which is divided into two main parts:

[0071] Remote data transmission using the ESP-NOW communication protocol 1000

[0072] Real-time data storage and monitoring 2000

[0073] The main objective of part 1000 is to establish reliable bidirectional remote communication between connected modules and the master unit. In one embodiment, such communication is implemented using a peer-to-peer wireless communication protocol. For this purpose, a wireless-enabled microcontroller was integrated into the wall-mounted ventilation unit. In one non-limiting embodiment, the microcontroller comprises an ESP32 module configured to support high communication throughput, low power consumption and extended communication range. Other communication modules having similar functional capabilities may be used without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0074] To simplify configuration between multiple ventilation units, a user interface element 3000, configured to provide actuation and visual indication functions, is incorporated into the ventilation unit, as shown FIG. 9.

[0075] In one embodiment, the user interface element comprises a combined Button-LED configured to allow user interaction for configuration purposes while simultaneously providing visual feedback. Alternatively, the user interface element may be implemented as multiple discrete components, including a push-button and a separate LED indicator, without departing from the scope of the present invention. In both configurations, the visual indication function serves as a status indicator to signal the proper ventilation unit operation and alerting users to potential issues such as communication failures between units, sensor malfunctions or the need for filter replacement.

[0076] To validate the ventilation unit's reliability and ensure it does not interfere with nearby systems, various test scenarios were conducted:

[0077] In the first scenario, master and single slave ventilation units were used to evaluate the data transfer efficiency between the two units. The second scenario, similar to the first one, included an additional slave ventilation unit, enabled to confirm the correct data transmission. In the third scenario, two master units and a single slave were tested to ensure that the master unit correctly manages the pairing process with the slave.

[0078] With further reference to FIG. 8 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, regarding the second part 2000 (i.e data storage monitoring) it plays an important role in the overall architecture. It ensures that collected data remains secure and readily accessible for analysis. In addition, the system must operate at a sufficient speed to allow real-time monitoring of IAQ and dynamic control. This monitoring can be performed either manually or autonomously depending on the measured parameters.

[0079] With reference to FIG. 10 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, the ventilation unit 10 consists of a DC fan, a metal fan guard for safety and a MERV8 filter for effective removal of particulate matter. Moreover, it incorporates a BEM680 sensor and a dual Button-LED that facilitates device pairing, factory reset and warning notifications. A custom printed circuit board (PCB) was designed based on the ESP32 microcontroller, to manage the core functionalities of the system, including sensor data acquisition, communication control and fan operation logic. Other wireless-enabled microcontroller modules having similar communication and processing capabilities may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0080] In the testing of the present invention, each ventilation unit operates autonomously based on data collected from BME680 sensor. Particulate matter is filtered using MERV8 filter, while collaborative operation between units within the same building is ensured using the ESP-NOW communication protocol.

[0081] With reference to FIG. 11, a mobile application is provided to allow a user to remotely monitor measured environmental parameters and manage operating settings of one or more ventilation units. The mobile application enables user interaction for functions such as adjusting fan speed settings, creating smart routines, and visualizing historical sensor data.

[0082] The mobile application may further provide additional monitoring, configuration, control, and notification functionalities without departing from the scope of the present invention. Such functionalities may include, but are not limited to, system status indication, alert and notification management, maintenance notifications, user account management, and remote configuration of operating modes.

[0083] With reference to FIG. 12, an experimental setup was implemented and installed within a laboratory environment in order to validate the functionality of the ventilation unit.

[0084] According to one embodiment of the present invention, an initial configuration procedure is performed to ensure proper functionality and communication of the ventilation unit. It includes components pin configuration and including a fan, a Button-LED providing actuation and visual indication functions, and BME680 sensor. A quality control (QC) test may be executed using a dedicated Wi-Fi network to validate key system functions.

[0085] The ventilation unit is further configured to support remote communication with a mobile application by assigning a network address and retrieving device-specific information from EEPROM memory. Such information may include a unit ID, a user ID, and Wi-Fi credentials. In addition, local peer-to-peer communication parameters are configured, including an operational role designation for the ventilation unit. A timer is activated to schedule the main tasks (including sensor reading, data storage, and communication).Peer-to-Peer Communication Configuration

[0086] In one embodiment, three different scenarios are presented to evaluate and ensure optimal peer-to-peer wireless communication.

[0087] Switching from master to slave mode: Three consecutive button presses switch the unit to slave mode. The unit retains its status in EEPROM. This ensures that even after a power failure, the unit remains in slave mode. If the user presses the button three times by mistake, no action will be triggered, preventing unintended mode changes.

[0088] Pairing mode: Pairing is initiated by pressing the button five times on the master side, then on the slave one. If no connection is established within 5 minutes, pairing mode is disactivated to prevent accidental connection with another unit.

[0089] Automatic pairing mode: Automatic pairing is performed using stored identification parameters and a shared authentication mechanism. Once paired, secure bidirectional data exchange is enabled between the ventilation units, and unique identifiers may be assigned to connected units.

[0090] The number of button presses, the interaction sequences, and the associated timing described herein are provided by way of example only and may be modified or configured differently without departing from the scope of the present invention.Configuration Via Mobile Application

[0091] The unit receives a request containing Wi-Fi access point details, such as network name and password. This connection process may take a few moments, while the unit connects first to the Wi-Fi network, then to the database.

[0092] In this case, all units start interacting locally via the ESP-NOW protocol and storing data in the database. This enables data to be consulted via the mobile application while being shared locally via ESP-NOW, without any interruption or connection loss.Communication with a Central Ventilation System

[0093] In one embodiment, the ventilation unit of the present invention is configured to operate as a secondary unit in communication with a central ventilation system installed within the same environment. The ventilation unit is adapted to exchange operational data with the central ventilation system to enhance indoor air quality management.

[0094] To support interoperability, a master-slave communication is maintained, with modifications applied to the pairing procedure to accommodate the central ventilation system. Such modifications enable coordinated operation between the ventilation unit and the central ventilation system without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0095] With reference to FIG. 13 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, the communication block diagram 5000 shows as to how a ventilation unit operates as a slave in communication with the central ventilation system, wherein the central ventilation system operates as the master.

[0096] The major difference is in how the pairing is carried out. There is no need to switch between master and slave modes. From the outset, the central ventilation system is considered as the master, while the new developed unit operates as the slave. The pairing process remains globally unchanged, and is initiated through a predefined user interaction sequence with a push-button interface. However, the unit must be unplugged, then a series of button actuations be performed while the LED is flashing, before plugging it back in. This procedure 6000 compares the two Wi-Fi network lists before and after powering up the unit as illustrated in FIG. 14 according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0097] Upon identification of the central control system, identification parameters associated with the master unit are automatically detected and added to a peer list, thereby establishing a communication link between the ventilation unit and the central ventilation system.

[0098] Once communication is established, relevant master unit information is transmitted to the slave, including fan speed, maximum speed, current speed, desired humidity, sensor measurements and data from other units connected to the master.

[0099] In the developed system, sensor measurements and data received via the central ventilation system are used to control the fan operation across four modes: low, medium, intermediate and high.Ventilation Unit Control Logic

[0100] With reference to FIG. 15 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, the control logic 7000 of the developed ventilation unit is illustrated.

[0101] In one embodiment of the ventilation unit, the control logic is configured to operate according to at least one of the following operating scenarios:

[0102] Standalone Operation: The ventilation unit 10 autonomously adjusts a fan speed based on measured environmental parameters.

[0103] Wi-Fi-Connected Operation: When the ventilation unit 10 is connected to the Wi-Fi, the control logic follows user-defined commands received via a mobile application, while applying adaptive adjustments based on the measured environmental parameters.

[0104] Operation with a Central Ventilation System: When the ventilation unit 10 is operatively connected to a central ventilation system, the central ventilation system imposes a maximum allowable fan speed, while allowing the ventilation unit 10 to retain complementary intelligent control within said imposed limit.Environmental Severity Score Determination

[0105] In one embodiment, the control logic calculates a severity score within a normalized range [0,1], representative of indoor environmental conditions, based on one or more measured environmental parameters.

[0106] The severity score may be derived from:

[0107] A. Air quality score proportional to a measured air quality index;

[0108] B. Humidity score based on a measured relative humidity exceeding a predefined humidity threshold;

[0109] Temperature score based on deviation from a predefined comfort temperature range.

[0110] In one embodiment, the severity score is computed as a weighted combination of the air quality score, the humidity score, and the temperature score, wherein the air quality score has a greater weighting factor than the humidity and temperature scores.Hysteresis Control

[0111] In one embodiment, the control logic applies hysteresis to the severity score to prevent oscillatory fan speed behavior. The control logic maintains a previously applied effective severity score when a difference between a newly calculated severity score and the effective severity score remains below a predefined hysteresis threshold.

[0112] This hysteresis mechanism is applied regardless of whether a fan operating mode is imposed by the central ventilation system or by a user application.Operating Mode Selection

[0113] In one embodiment, the control logic selects one of a plurality of fan operating modes based on system availability and sensor status, wherein:

[0114] When a central ventilation system is available, the fan operating mode is determined by the central ventilation system;

[0115] When a user application is connected, the fan operating mode is determined by the user application;

[0116] When valid environmental sensor data is available and no external operating mode is imposed, the control logic automatically selects a fan operating mode based on the severity score;

[0117] When no valid environmental sensor data and no external control input are available, the control logic enforces a predefined low-speed safety mode.Fan Speed Modulation

[0118] In one embodiment, fan speed modulation is performed by the control logic using an active-low pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal. A duty cycle of the PWM signal is determined as a function of the effective severity score and predefined duty cycle bounds associated with each fan operating mode.

[0119] Each fan operating mode is associated with a predefined airflow range and a corresponding PWM duty cycle range.Output Signal Smoothing

[0120] In one embodiment, the control logic applies an exponential moving average (EMA) to the PWM duty cycle signal in order to reduce noise and abrupt transitions. The EMA assigns greater weight to more recent values, thereby improving responsiveness while maintaining output stability.

[0121] In one embodiment the present invention provides a ventilation unit for a space comprising a housing having exhaust and intake ports for fluid communication with outside air and a fan positioned within the housing for displacement of air from within the space. A sensor is positioned within the housing for measurement of environmental parameters within the space with the ventilation unit having an operating system positioned within the housing in communication with the sensor for receiving the measured environmental parameters and allowing a user to control the ventilation unit to obtain preferred environmental parameters for the space.

Examples

Embodiment Construction

[0047]The present invention includes a ventilation unit for a space.

[0048]With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, a ventilation unit 10 is shown. Ventilation unit 10 has a housing 20 for enclosing the components of ventilation unit 10. Housing 20 has an exhaust 30 and inlets 40 for the displacement of air within a space. Exhaust 30 is in fluid communication with outside air, which in turn is in fluid communication with intake ports 40. Intake ports 40 can be a single intake or several intake ports as shown in FIG. 1. With further reference to FIG. 1 and according to one embodiment of the present invention, ventilation unit 10 has a fan 50 positioned within or nearby exhaust port 30 in housing 20. A worker skilled in the relevant art would understand the requirement for the ventilation unit to be positioned on an outside wall allowing access to outside air.

[0049]With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 and according to another embodiment of th...

Claims

1. A ventilation unit for a space comprising:a) a housing having exhaust and intake ports for fluid communication with outside air;b) a fan positioned within the housing for displacement of air from within the space;c) a sensor positioned within the housing for measurement of environmental parameters within the space; andd) an operating system positioned within the housing in communication with the sensor for receiving the measured environmental parameters and allowing a user to control the ventilation unit to obtain preferred environmental parameters for the space.

2. A ventilation unit according to claim 1 further comprising a filter unit positioned in the housing;3. A ventilation unit according to claim 2 further comprising a filter support for placement of the filter in the housing;4. A ventilation unit according to claim 1 wherein the sensor is positioned next to the fan;5. A ventilation unit according to claim 4 wherein the sensor can capture environmental parameters of the outside air.

6. A ventilation unit according to claim 1 wherein the fan discharges air into the space.

7. A ventilation unit according to claim 1 wherein the fan discharges air to the outside air.

8. A method of operating a ventilation unit for a space comprising the steps of:a) determining if database is ready;b) setting sensor values in database;c) reading fan speed;d) updating sensor valuese) controlling fan;f) verifying visual indicate on the ventilation unit;g) establishing wireless communication; andh) communicating with database.

Images