Integrated flood management system with energy generation and utilization

Abstract

The present invention discloses a novel flood control and water management system designed to address the challenges posed by flooding events while harnessing renewable energy sources. At its core, the system features a specialized culvert or pipe structure equipped with chambers for vaporization and electrolysis, complemented by turbines or micro-turbines strategically positioned along water bodies to capture kinetic and potential energy. The integration of electrolytic chambers facilitates the generation of hydrogen and oxygen gases, which are utilized for additional electricity production. Sediment collection mechanisms, adjustable culvert inclination, and AI-based monitoring further enhance the system's efficiency and adaptability. With provisions for magnetic effects and external power supply capabilities, the invention offers a holistic solution for flood control and water management, emphasizing sustainability and resilience in the face of evolving environmental conditions.

Description

[0001] Form 2

[0002] THE PATENT ACT, 1970

[0003] (39 of 1970)

[0004] COMPLETE SPECIFICATION

[0005] Title

[0006] “Integrated Flood Management System with Energy Generation and Utilization”

[0007] Applicants:

[0008] Rakesh Priyadarshi,

[0009] S / o Mr. B.P. Yadav L.N. Sinha Lane, Sujapur Nathnagar, Bhagalpur 812006 Bihar

[0010] The following Specification particularly describes and ascertains the nature of this invention and the manner in which it is to be performed. TITLE OF THE INVENTION

[0011] INTEGRATED FLOOD MANAGEMENT SYSTEM WITH ENERGY GENERATION AND UTILIZATION

[0012] FIELD OF THE INVENTION:

[0013] This invention belongs to the field of flood control and water management. This invention also belongs to energy generation by converting water into steam and pressurized gases for different uses particularly during floods time to control floods and making useful stuff like energy and gases from the water.

[0014] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:

[0015] In the landscape of flood control and water management, decades of research and practical application have highlighted the limitations of conventional approaches. Past efforts have predominantly centered on reactive measures, such as the construction of dams, levees, and floodwalls, aimed at containing floodwaters after they have already inundated areas. However, these methods often fall short in effectively addressing the dynamic and unpredictable nature of flood events.

[0016] Prior art and research in flood management have explored various strategies, including the utilization of hydrological models for flood forecasting, the development of early warning systems, and the implementation of structural measures to mitigate flood risk. While these approaches have yielded valuable insights and incremental improvements, they have yet to fully resolve the inherent challenges posed by flooding, particularly in regions prone to extreme weather events and climate change impacts.

[0017] Moreover, existing flood control infrastructure has faced criticism for its ecological and socioeconomic ramifications. Dams and levees, for instance, can disrupt natural riverine ecosystems, impede sediment transport, and displace communities living in flood-prone areas. Additionally, the high cost of construction, maintenance, and rehabilitation of traditional flood control structures presents a significant financial burden for governments and communities alike. In light of these challenges, there has been a growing recognition of the need for innovative and holistic approaches to flood management. Recent advancements in technology and interdisciplinary research have paved the way for the exploration of alternative strategies that leverage the natural dynamics of floodwaters while minimizing environmental impact and maximizing societal benefits.

[0018] The present invention builds upon this foundation by introducing a novel paradigm for flood control that embraces the energy of floods rather than resisting it. By harnessing steam energy and pressurized gases generated during flood events, the invention offers a multifaceted solution that not only regulates floodwaters but also serves as a sustainable source of power and resource utilization.

[0019] Through interdisciplinary collaboration and integration of cutting-edge technologies, the invention represents a significant departure from conventional flood management practices. By addressing the shortcomings of existing approaches and capitalizing on the potential of floodwaters as a valuable resource, it holds the promise of revolutionizing flood control efforts and enhancing the resilience of communities worldwide.

[0020] OBJECT OF THE INVENTION:

[0021] It is an object of the invention to helps control river floods or other similar water bodies and water management.

[0022] Another object of the invention is to remove excess water during floods through vaporization and electrolysis.

[0023] Yet another object of the invention is to capture the water's energy to producing electricity.

[0024] Yet another object of the invention is to help using flood water for irrigation or industry.

[0025] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:

[0026] The invention pertains to a comprehensive flood control and water management system integrating various technologies and mechanisms to efficiently manage water flow, mitigate flood risks, and harness renewable energy. Central to the system is a culvert or pipe structure designed to facilitate the smooth passage of water, incorporating chambers for vaporization and electrolysis, and accommodating turbines or micro-turbines for electricity generation. Turbines positioned alongside the banks of water bodies harness the energy generated by downward water flow, while chambers for electrolysis produce hydrogen and oxygen gases for additional energy production. The system includes provisions for sediment collection and removal, adjustment of culvert inclination, and Al-based monitoring for real-time regulation. Magnetic effects may be applied to enhance water treatment processes, and external electrical power supply capability is provided for operational flexibility. Overall, the invention offers a comprehensive solution for flood control and water management, emphasizing efficiency, sustainability, and adaptability to diverse environmental conditions.

[0027] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES:

[0028] Figure 1 showcases the illustrative schematic diagram of the invention.

[0029] Figure 2 showcases the top view diagram of the invention.

[0030] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:

[0031] Figure 1 showcases the schematic diagram of the invention in a preferred embodiment. Figure 2 showcases the top view diagram of the invention. The system described in figure 1 and 2 encompasses a comprehensive approach to water management and energy generation. (1) is a culvert, pipe, or conduit, as the initial outer structure for the entire system placed along the banks of the water body. In an embodiment, the culvert or pipe(l) accommodate chambers for vaporization and electrolysis. These chambers are essential for the conversion of water into steam and the separation of Hydrogen and Oxygen gases through electrolysis, respectively. The design of these chambers prioritizes efficient heat transfer, gas separation, and containment to ensure reliable operation.

[0032] (2) represent plurality of turbines or micro-turbines placed inside ( 1 ) along the banks of the water body to harness kinetic energy of water during floods, converting it into usable power. To ensure optimal water flow, a water flow softener tube, plate, or similar mechanism as (3) is integrated into the system, enhancing efficiency and mitigating turbulence. To address the issue of sediment accumulation in the system, netted openings (4) at specific intervals are incorporated to collect sediment for periodic removal, thus maintaining the system's effectiveness. (5) is vaporizers or boilers for generating heat energy to enhance the system's capacity for energy production. (6) are electrolyzers and their corresponding electrodes (7) placed in electrolytic chambers(20) at upper part of tube (1), facilitate the electrolysis process to generate gases that can be used to pressurize vertical motion-based containers (8). This innovative approach not only generates additional energy but also provides a means for storing and utilizing gases efficiently. Second set of turbines or micro-turbines (9) on the opposite side of the conduit are also used to maximizes energy extraction from the water flow. The electrical and electronic circuitry (10) serve as the backbone of the system, orchestrating its various components for seamless operation and optimization. There is provision of optional inclusion of a hydraulic jack (11) downstream to offer flexibility in controlling water flow, ensuring the system's adaptability to varying conditions. The hydraulic jack(l l) possess the capability to adjust the inclination of the pipe as necessary, facilitating the optimal flow of water through the system.

[0033] (12) are locking gates to regulate water passage, enhancing control and safety measures. To address sediment accumulation effectively, a water intake conduit (13) is incorporated, allowing for the removal of deposited sediments. Excess water is directed through outlet conduits (14) to low water table areas and storage tanks, ensuring efficient water distribution and storage. (15) is External storage tanks positioned intermittently serve as reservoirs, catering to diverse needs such as irrigation and industrial usage. This comprehensive design underscores the system's versatility, efficiency, and sustainability in managing water resources while harnessing flood water energy for various applications. (16) represents a movable shield or gate to capture the steam rising upwards into boiler (5). (17) are tubes to carry water vapour from the boiler to the electrolytic chamber(20).

[0034] (18) is a temporary excess water holder. In one embodiment it is semi circular in shape. (19) are tubes to let outlet of excess flow of flood water that has been stored temporarily in (18).

[0035] In an embodiment, the electrolytic chambers (20) are situated on the opposite side of the river, ideally positioned either midway or closer to that point, and are connected to the boiler (5). These chambers are equipped with encapsulating tubes that collect hydrogen and oxygen, one or both of which are connected to high-pressure generating orifices. This setup is designed to rotate turbines or micro-turbines located on the selected bank where the machinery is installed.

[0036] In an embodiment, the series of turbines towards the side of the river(bank) could be kept lower say at a depth h so that power generated from each individual turbine is more. The depth h is variable and it can reaches the height till it does not harm the netted openings (4) and boiler(5) and will be at a height so that it is less than the chord touching the top side(towards the bank(l)) and is above enough that it does not hamper the functioning of the bolier(5) . The series of micro-turbines on the opposite side of the conduit ranging 50- 100 meters and 100 microturbines one meter apart will be powered by H2 or O2 gas. Hydrogen may be stored for industrial use or other green energy purposes.

[0037] In an embodiment, the shape and structure of the culvert or pipe(l) is engineered to serve as an effective conduit for water flow. In a preferred embodiment, the pipe is circular in shape and made up of plastic or a thermal conductor but electrical insulator material. In an embodiment, culvert or pipe of medium length, approximately 50 meters, with adaptable metrics tailored to the geographical features of the surrounding area, typically with a radius of around 15 meters are used.

[0038] In an embodiment, Kaplan turbine can be used. In a preferred embodiment, impulse-type water turbine such as Pelton turbine is used for extracting energy from the impulse of moving water. Pelton turbines are a popular choice for streams with varying flow rates. They are known for maintaining high efficiency across a wide range of water flow levels. This means Pelton turbine can effectively handle different volumes of water, making it versatile and efficient for changing water conditions.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, electrical and control sytems(lO) monitor and regulate the operation of various components including systems for turbine control, electrolysis monitoring, gas collection, and energy distribution. By implementing sophisticated control algorithms and sensors, the system optimizes performance, respond to changing conditions, and ensure safety.

[0040] The electrolytic chamber(20) takes the form of a cylindrical tube, positioned parallel to the length of the pipe, and will house multiple electrodes(7) of both anodic and cathodic types, distributed along its interior. Adjacent to these electrodes, there will be hanging tubes designed to cover them when electrolysis reaches its peak or as desired. Upon covering the electrodes(7), the circuit will be broken, allowing the gases produced to fill the hanging tubes(8), which will feature orifices at their opposite ends. These gases will then be utilized to power microturbines^), contributing to electricity generation. The dimensions of these electrolytic chambers(20) is meticulously designed to ensure efficient integration within the culvert or pipe, thereby maximizing their functional utility in the system. To address any potential fluctuations in power generation, provisions are made for an external electrical power supply and circuitry (10) to supplement the energy requirements of the technology. This additional power source will serve to augment the system's capabilities, ensuring continuous and reliable operation under varying conditions.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the system design ensures that water levels never exceed the height of the pipes installed on both banks. This serves as a robust measure for flood control and diversion during periods of increased water flow.

[0042] In one of the preferred embodiments, utilizing the heat generated from electrical energy to warm the bottom surface of the pipe, a portion of the water is collected into internal chambers within the pipe structure. These chambers facilitate steam generation through the application of heat, further powering turbines for additional electricity generation. Moreover, a segment of the heated water is directed into chambers where electrolysis occurs, producing Hydrogen and Oxygen gases. These gases are then utilized to drive a series of turbines or micro -turbines for further electricity generation. The electricity generated by both the vaporization and electrolytic chambers is redirected to enhance the water heating and vaporization process before the water flows through adjacent turbines or micro-turbines located near the water body. Various configurations, such as gates, plates, or specialized chambers, may be employed to optimize water flow characteristics, including atomization or droplet formation to enhance electrolysis efficiency. The water flow softener technology utilized can be akin to modern water flow softening taps commonly found in use today. This innovative approach aims to mitigate flood risks while simultaneously harnessing renewable energy sources for sustainable electricity generation.

[0043] To automate and optimize these operational processes, an Al computer system will be implemented to monitor various parameters in real-time. These parameters include the flow rate of the river, the flow within the culvert or pipe, the temperature of the steam chambers and electrolytic chambers, the volume of fluid intake, the rate of vaporization, and the sediment accumulation on the culvert or pipe. Based on the data collected, the Al system will dynamically adjust the timing of gate operations and hydraulic adjustments to ensure the efficient functioning of the flood control and diversion system.

[0044] To maximize space utilization and operational efficiency, the steam chamber and the electrolytic chamber are arranged in juxtaposed positions within the system. This configuration minimizes footprint while ensuring seamless integration of key components, thereby enhancing the overall functionality and effectiveness of the flood control and diversion system.

[0045] In one embodiment, electromagnets can be employed to generate magnetic fields within the chambers, thereby enhancing the efficiency of water treatment processes. However, careful consideration must be given to the material composition of the chamber body to mitigate potential safety risks. Materials with high thermal conductivity and low electrical conductivity, such as aluminum nitride, may be suitable to prevent power leakage and minimize the risk of electrocution. Alternatively, electrical insulators can be incorporated into the chamber body construction to further enhance safety.

[0046] By incorporating these features, our invention offers a comprehensive solution for flood control and water management, characterized by enhanced efficiency, reliability, and adaptability to diverse environmental conditions.

[0047] Working Principle of the Energy and Power in Water

[0048] The operation of this invention is based on harnessing the kinetic energy in flowing water, which originates from gravitational potential energy. The gravitational potential energy of a given volume of water at a specific elevation can be calculated using the formula:

[0049] • Pe=mxgxh o Pe represents potential energy in Joules. o m is the mass of the water in kilograms. o g denotes the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.81 m / s2). o h is the height of the water in meters, commonly referred to as the "head." Given that the force of gravity is relatively constant, the potential energy increases proportionally with the mass and height of the water. It is important to note that this equation provides the theoretical maximum kinetic energy available to a hydropower system. In practical applications, various losses occur when converting this kinetic energy into electricity.

[0050] The power available in water at a height is determined by a similar equation:

[0051] • P=Qxgxh o P is the power in watts. o Q is the discharge rate of water in kilograms per second (kg / s), which is equivalent to mass flow rate. o g is the acceleration due to gravity (m / s2). o h is the head in meters.

[0052] This equation reflects the hypothetical maximum power available and assumes no losses in the system. The power equation closely resembles the potential energy equation, with discharge replacing mass. Since discharge is expressed in kg / s (mass per unit time), the power equation can be viewed as the potential energy equation divided by time. As a result, power (watts) is essentially energy (Joules) per second, aligning with the definition that 1 J / s=l W.

[0053] Calculating Microhydro Power Output

[0054] To estimate the power output of a microhydro system, we apply the formula:

[0055] • Power = (Net HeadxFlow) / 10 o Power is the electric power output in watts (W). o Net Head represents the gross head in feet, adjusted for head loss in the penstock. o Flow is the water flow rate in gallons per minute (gpm). o The constant 10 is a conversion factor, which can vary between 8 and 12 depending on system specifics, with 10 being a typical average. To calculate the gross head, measure the vertical distance from the starting point of the penstock to the generator, not the actual length of the penstock. The penstock's slope means its length will exceed the vertical distance. Head loss in the penstock is influenced by several factors, including the diameter, internal pressure, and the number of turns and fittings. A typical head loss is around 30%, so the net head is calculated as 70% of the gross head.

[0056] For instance, if you have a setup where a diversion channel and forebay are located 20 feet above the powerhouse, and the water flow is measured at 50 gpm, with a 30% head loss, the power output would be:

[0057] This calculation provides a practical estimate of the potential energy that can be harnessed using a micro-hydro system with a well-designed setup.

[0058] In an preferred embodiment, height is approximately 10 to 15 or 20 feet (equivalent in meters) and will involve transferring around 1 ,000 kilograms of water per second.

[0059] Example Calculation for Power Generated by Hydro-Turbines

[0060] To further illustrate, consider a practical example where water falls from a height of 60 meters at a rate of 15 kg / s to operate a turbine positioned towards the bank of a river. Given that frictional losses account for 10% of the energy, only 90% of the input energy is used to generate power. The gravitational acceleration g is assumed to be 10 m / s2.

[0061] Given:

[0062] • Height (h) = 20 meters (say)

[0063] • Mass flow rate (m) = 70-120 kg / s

[0064] • Gravitational acceleration (g) = 10 m / s2

[0065] • Frictional loss = 10% (thus, 90% of the input energy is used)

[0066] The power (P) generated by the turbine can be calculated as: p=gxhxm' X90 / 100 Substituting the given values:

[0067] P=10 m / s2x20 mxlOO kg / sx0.9

[0068] P= 18,000 W or 18 kW per turbine and 100 * 18kW per conduit

[0069] • Thus, the turbine generates approximately 20 kW of power, demonstrating the effective conversion of potential energy in water to electrical power, even accounting for energy losses due to friction. This example supports the efficiency and practical applicability of the hydropower principles outlined above. In an embodiment, height is variable preferably 10 -20 meters which optimizes power generated. The main shaft connecting and holding the series of hydro turbines as per the total diameter of the main conduit.

[0070] The present invention offers several advantages over existing prior art in flood control and water management systems:

[0071] 1. Enhanced Efficiency: Unlike traditional flood control methods that primarily rely on structural barriers like dams and reservoirs, the present invention harnesses renewable energy sources such as downward water flow and electrolysis to generate electricity. This dual-energy approach increases system efficiency and reduces reliance on external power sources.

[0072] 2. Sustainable Operation: By incorporating chambers for vaporization and electrolysis, the invention facilitates the conversion of excess water into hydrogen and oxygen gases, which can be utilized as clean fuels for additional energy production. This sustainable operation reduces environmental impact and promotes eco-friendly practices.

[0073] 3. Adaptability to Environmental Conditions: The system's modular design allows for flexible deployment in diverse geographical settings. Culvert inclination adjustment mechanisms and Al-based monitoring systems ensure adaptability to changing water levels and environmental conditions, enhancing the system's resilience and effectiveness.

[0074] 4. Sediment Management: Unlike conventional flood control systems that often overlook sediment accumulation, the present invention includes provisions for sediment collection and removal. This feature minimizes the risk of clogging and ensures uninterrupted water flow, improving system reliability and longevity.

[0075] 5. Real-Time Monitoring and Control: The incorporation of Al-based monitoring systems enables real-time tracking of water flow, culvert conditions, and energy production. This proactive approach enhances system performance, facilitates timely interventions, and mitigates potential risks associated with flood events.

[0076] 6. Through the integration of magnetic effects and careful consideration of safety measures, our invention offers a comprehensive solution for flood control and water management, ensuring both operational effectiveness and safety compliance.

[0077] Overall, the present invention offers a comprehensive and sustainable solution for flood control and water management, surpassing the limitations of existing prior art by integrating innovative technologies and adaptive functionalities.

[0078] In the preceding specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments thereof. It will be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereunto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the claims that follow. The specification and drawings are accordingly to be regarded in an illustrative rather than restrictive sense. Therefore, the aim in the appended claims is to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. The matter set forth in the foregoing description and accompanying drawings is offered by way of illustration only and not as a limitation. The actual scope of the invention is intended to be defined in the following claims.

Claims

Claims:I Claim1. A flood control and water management system comprising:■ a culvert, pipe, or conduit (1) placed along the banks of a water body with chambers for vaporization and electrolysis housed within said culvert or pipe;■ turbines or micro-turbines (2) positioned inside said culvert or pipe to harness kinetic energy from water flow;■ water flow softening mechanisms (3) to optimize water flow efficiency;■ netted openings (4) for sediment collection and removal;■ vaporizers or boilers (5) for heat energy generation;■ electrolyzers (6) with corresponding electrodes (7) placed in electrolytic chambers (20);■ vertical motion-based containers (8) for gas storage and utilization;■ additional turbines or micro-turbines (9) on the opposite side of the conduit for maximized energy extraction;■ an electrical and electronic circuitry (10) to control and optimize system operations.■ a hydraulic jack (11) for controlling water flow and adjusting pipe inclination;■ locking gates (12) for regulating water passage;■ water intake conduits (13) for sediment removal;■ outlet conduits (14) for directing excess water to low water table areas or storage tanks.■ external storage tanks (15) for water storage and distribution;■ movable shields or gates (16) for capturing steam;■ tubes (17) for transporting water vapor to the electrolytic chambers;■ temporary excess water holders (18) for storing excess flood water resting aside the bank;■ tubes (19) for the outlet of excess water.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the culvert or pipe (1) is circular in shape, constructed from plastic or rust resistant material, and designed to serve as a conduit for water flow, typically with a length of approximately 50-100 meters and a radius of around 15 meters.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the electrolytic chambers (20) are cylindrical tubes housing multiple electrodes (7), equipped with hanging tubes (8) for gas collection during electrolysis, connected to high-pressure generating orifices for powering micro-turbines (9).

4. The system of claim 3, wherein hydrogen and oxygen gases generated from electrolysis are stored and utilized for industrial use or green energy purposes, with micro-turbines powered by these gases located at distances ranging from 50 to 100 meters along the conduit.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the culvert or pipe is adaptable to the geographic features of the surrounding area, allowing for various configurations including a medium-length culvert with adaptable metrics.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein an impulse-type water turbine, such as a Pelton turbine, is used for energy extraction, capable of maintaining high efficiency across varying water flow levels.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein electrical and control systems (10) monitor and regulate the operation of various components, implementing sophisticated control algorithms and sensors for optimized performance and safety.

8. The system of claim 1, optionally employing electromagnets to generate magnetic fields within the chambers to enhance water treatment processes, with materials aluminum nitride or electrical insulators for safety.

9. The system of claim 1, demonstrating an effective conversion of potential energy in water to electrical power, even accounting for energy losses due to friction, with variable heights (10-20 meters) to optimize power generation.

10. A flood control and water management system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: a. An Al-based monitoring system is employed to regulate the operation of gates, hydraulic adjustments, and other system parameters based on real-time data.

Images