Patch antenna, and omni-directional antenna array and coplanar radiation antenna array comprising same

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a patch antenna, comprising a first insulating dielectric substrate and a second insulating dielectric substrate which are disposed in a stacked manner, a metal layer being provided on the first insulating dielectric substrate, and a radiating patch being provided on the second insulating dielectric substrate. The patch antenna further comprises multiple strip-shaped metal structures, each strip-shaped metal structure penetrating through the first insulating dielectric substrate and the second insulating dielectric substrate, the first end of a strip-shaped metal structure being electrically connected to the metal layer, and the second end of the strip-shaped metal structure being attached to a metal sheet. The multiple strip-shaped metal structures are configured to surround the radiating patch and are spaced apart from the radiating patch, at least two strip-shaped metal structures being located at a first side of the radiating patch, and at least two strip-shaped metal structures being located at an opposite second side; the metal sheets attached to the two strip-shaped metal structures located on the same side and farthest away from each other are bent towards each other, and an included angle greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees is formed between the bent metal sheets and the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate. In addition, the present disclosure also relates to an omni-directional antenna array and a coplanar radiation antenna array comprising the patch antenna.

Description

Patch antenna and omnidirectional antenna array and coplanar radiation antenna array including the same Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a patch antenna, and also to an omnidirectional antenna array and a coplanar radiation antenna array including the patch antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the development of communication technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) has made great progress, and the interconnection of all things has become a major development trend. The foundation for achieving interconnection in the IoT is high-throughput, low-latency network coverage based on antennas. Therefore, an omnidirectional antenna array is required to achieve basic network coverage. In related technologies, the beamwidth of patch antennas is generally small, resulting in the need for more patch antennas (usually six) when forming an omnidirectional antenna array. In addition, related technologies also teach increasing the beamwidth by bending the radiating patch itself. However, this method will increase the cross-sectional profile of the antenna to a certain extent, thus affecting subsequent applications. It will also increase the structural complexity of the patch antenna, resulting in a more difficult manufacturing process and higher costs.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a patch antenna is provided, comprising: a first insulating dielectric substrate, the first insulating dielectric substrate comprising a first surface and an opposite second surface, a metal layer being provided on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate; a second insulating dielectric substrate, the second insulating dielectric substrate comprising a first surface and an opposite second surface, a first radiating patch being provided on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, wherein the first insulating dielectric substrate and the second insulating dielectric substrate are stacked so that the second surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate abuts against the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate; and a plurality of strip metal structures located on both sides of the first radiating patch, each strip metal structure penetrating the first insulating dielectric substrate and the second insulating dielectric substrate, each strip metal structure The first end of the structure is electrically connected to the metal layer and the second end thereof is attached to a metal sheet, and the multiple strip metal structures are arranged to surround the first radiation patch and be separated from the first radiation patch, wherein at least two strip metal structures are located on a first side of the first radiation patch, and at least two strip metal structures are located on a second side of the first radiation patch opposite to the first side, the metal sheets attached to the two strip metal structures farthest apart from each other among the at least two strip metal structures located on the first side are bent toward each other, and the metal sheets attached to the two strip metal structures farthest apart from each other among the at least two strip metal structures located on the second side are also bent toward each other, and the bent metal sheets form an angle greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees with the second surface of the second insulating medium substrate.

[0005] According to some exemplary embodiments, each strip metal structure is composed of a first via hole penetrating the first insulating dielectric substrate and a second via hole penetrating the second insulating dielectric substrate, the first via hole and the second via hole are aligned with each other, and the hole walls of the first via hole and the second via hole are covered with a metal layer.

[0006] According to some exemplary embodiments, the multiple strip metal structures include four strip metal structures, wherein two strip metal structures are located on the first side of the first radiation patch, and the other two strip metal structures are located on the second side, and the first ends of each strip metal structure are connected in sequence to form a quadrilateral that surrounds the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate.

[0007] According to some exemplary embodiments, the orthographic projection of the patch antenna on the first insulating dielectric substrate is a rectangle, and the four strip-shaped metal structures are respectively located at four corners of the patch antenna.

[0008] According to some exemplary embodiments, metal sheets attached to the two strip-shaped metal structures located on the same side of the first radiation patch are bent toward each other.

[0009] According to some exemplary embodiments, the second end of the strip metal structure is flush with the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, and the metal sheet is a metal trace printed on the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate.

[0010] According to some exemplary embodiments, the metal traces of the two strip metal structures located on the same side of the first radiation patch are configured to be deflected toward or away from the first radiation patch relative to a line between the second ends of the two strip metal structures on the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, wherein the deflection angle range is greater than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 10 degrees.

[0011] According to some exemplary embodiments, the patch antenna further includes a second radiating patch disposed on the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, and an orthographic projection of the second radiating patch on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate at least partially overlaps with the first radiating patch.

[0012] According to some exemplary embodiments, the patch antenna further includes at least one intermediate insulating dielectric substrate disposed between the first insulating dielectric substrate and the second insulating dielectric substrate, at least one intermediate radiating patch being disposed on the intermediate insulating dielectric substrate, and an orthographic projection of the intermediate radiating patch on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate at least partially overlapping with the first radiating patch.

[0013] According to some exemplary embodiments, the patch antenna further includes a feeding line disposed on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, the feeding line being electrically connected to the first radiation patch.

[0014] According to some exemplary embodiments, the patch antenna also includes a coaxial cable, which passes through the first insulating dielectric substrate, and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is electrically connected to the metal layer on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate, and the inner conductor of the coaxial cable is electrically connected to the first radiation patch.

[0015] According to some exemplary embodiments, a gap is provided in the metal layer, and an orthographic projection of the gap on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate falls within the first radiation plate; the patch antenna also includes a trace substrate, the trace substrate includes a first surface and an opposite second surface, the second surface of the trace substrate abuts against the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate, a feed line is provided on the first surface of the trace substrate, and the feed line is electrically connected to the metal layer.

[0016] According to some exemplary embodiments, the shape of the slit includes an H-shape.

[0017] According to some exemplary embodiments, a polygon formed by sequentially connecting the first ends of the strip-shaped metal structures surrounds an orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate.

[0018] According to some exemplary embodiments, a distance from a center of a first end of each strip metal structure to a center of an orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate is between 1 / 5 and 1 / 3 of an operating wavelength of the patch antenna.

[0019] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, an omnidirectional antenna array is provided, comprising at least three patch antennas according to the first aspect of the present disclosure and its respective exemplary embodiments, wherein the at least three patch antennas are arranged such that axes passing through the center of each patch antenna and extending along the normal direction of the first insulating dielectric substrate and the second insulating dielectric substrate intersect at one point.

[0020] According to some example embodiments, the at least three patch antennas are arranged to be in contact with each other.

[0021] According to some exemplary embodiments, the at least three patch antennas include three patch antennas, and an angle between two adjacent axes of the three patch antennas is 120 degrees.

[0022] According to some exemplary embodiments, a distance between centers of two adjacent patch antennas is less than 1 / 4 of an operating wavelength of the patch antennas.

[0023] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a coplanar radiating antenna array is provided, comprising: a first insulating dielectric substrate, the first insulating dielectric substrate including a first surface and an opposite second surface; a second insulating dielectric substrate, the second insulating dielectric substrate including a first surface and an opposite second surface, wherein the first insulating dielectric substrate and the second insulating dielectric substrate are stacked such that the second surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate abuts against the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate; and a plurality of patch antenna modules. Each patch antenna module includes: a metal layer disposed on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate; a first radiating patch disposed on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate; and a plurality of strip metal structures disposed on both sides of the first radiating patch, each strip metal structure extending through the first and second insulating dielectric substrates. Each strip metal structure has a first end electrically connected to the metal layer and a second end attached to a metal sheet. The plurality of strip metal structures are disposed so as to surround the first radiating patch and be spaced apart from the first radiating patch. At least two strip metal structures are disposed on a first side of the first radiating patch, and at least two strip metal structures are disposed on a second side of the first radiating patch opposite the first side. The metal sheets attached to the two farthest-apart strip metal structures of the at least two strip metal structures on the first side are bent toward each other. The metal sheets attached to the two farthest-apart strip metal structures of the at least two strip metal structures on the second side are also bent toward each other. The bent metal sheets form an angle greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees with the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate.

[0024] According to some example embodiments, the plurality of patch antenna modules include a low-frequency patch antenna module and a high-frequency patch antenna module.

[0025] According to some exemplary embodiments, in at least one patch antenna module of the multiple patch antenna modules, each strip metal structure is composed of a first via hole passing through the first insulating dielectric substrate and a second via hole passing through the second insulating dielectric substrate, the first via hole and the second via hole are aligned with each other, and the hole walls of the first via hole and the second via hole are covered with a metal layer.

[0026] According to some exemplary embodiments, each patch antenna module includes four strip metal structures, two strip metal structures are located on the first side of the first radiation patch, and the other two strip metal structures are located on the second side, and the first ends of each strip metal structure are connected in sequence to form a quadrilateral that surrounds the positive projection of the first radiation patch on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate.

[0027] According to some exemplary embodiments, in at least one patch antenna module of the multiple patch antenna modules, the metal sheet is a metal trace printed on the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, and the metal traces attached to the two strip metal structures located on the same side of the first radiation patch extend toward each other.

[0028] According to some exemplary embodiments, at least one of the multiple patch antenna modules further includes a second radiation patch disposed on the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, and an orthographic projection of the second radiation patch on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate falls within the first radiation patch.

[0029] According to some exemplary embodiments, a polygon formed by sequentially connecting the first ends of multiple strip metal structures included in each patch antenna module surrounds the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch of the corresponding patch antenna module on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate.

[0030] According to some exemplary embodiments, the distance from the center of the first end of the multiple strip metal structures included in each patch antenna module to the center of the positive projection of the first radiation patch of the corresponding patch antenna module on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate is between 1 / 5 and 1 / 3 of the operating wavelength of the corresponding patch antenna module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Hereinafter, various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings; in the accompanying drawings:

[0032] FIG1 schematically shows the structure of a patch antenna according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0033] FIG2 schematically shows some details of the patch antenna shown in FIG1 ;

[0034] FIG3 schematically shows some details of the patch antenna shown in FIG1 ;

[0035] FIG4 schematically shows some details of the patch antenna shown in FIG1 ;

[0036] FIG5 a and FIG5 b schematically illustrate simulation results of a conventional patch antenna and a patch antenna according to the present disclosure, respectively;

[0037] FIG6 a schematically shows a situation in which two metal sheets on the same side of a radiating patch in a patch antenna are not bent toward each other;

[0038] FIG6 b schematically shows simulation results of the patch antenna with the bent metal sheet shown in FIG6 a ;

[0039] FIG7 schematically shows some details of a patch antenna according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0040] FIG8 schematically shows some details of a patch antenna according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0041] FIG9 schematically shows some details of a patch antenna according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0042] FIG10 a and FIG10 b schematically illustrate simulation results of the patch antenna when the metal sheet has different deflection angles;

[0043] FIG11a and FIG11b schematically illustrate some details of patch antennas according to other exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0044] FIG12 schematically shows the structure of a patch antenna according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0045] FIG13 schematically shows the structure of a patch antenna according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0046] FIG14 schematically shows the structure of a patch antenna according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] FIG15 schematically shows the structure of an omnidirectional antenna array according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] FIG16 schematically shows simulation results of the omnidirectional antenna array shown in FIG15 ;

[0049] 17a and 17b schematically illustrate the structure of an omnidirectional antenna array according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0050] FIG18 schematically shows the structure of a coplanar radiating antenna array according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0051] It should be understood that the accompanying drawings are merely schematic illustrations of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale. In addition, in the accompanying drawings, identical or similar features are indicated by identical or similar reference numerals. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] Various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can fully understand and implement the technical solutions according to the present disclosure.

[0053] Referring to FIG. 1 , which schematically illustrates the structure of a patch antenna according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, patch antenna 100 includes a first insulating dielectric substrate 110, a second insulating dielectric substrate 120, and a trace substrate 130. The orthographic projection of patch antenna 100 on the plane of trace substrate 130 has a rectangular shape. However, it should be understood that the orthographic projection of patch antenna 100 on trace substrate 130 may also have any other suitable shape, such as a rectangle with rounded corners, a square, a rhombus, a parallelogram, a trapezoid, etc., and the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0054] The first insulating dielectric substrate 110, the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, and the trace substrate 130 can be formed from any suitable insulating material. As non-limiting examples, such insulating materials may include glass, plastic, and the like. A metal layer is provided on the bottom surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 110, and an H-shaped slot is provided in the metal layer for coupling and feeding the patch antenna 100. A first radiating patch 123 and a second radiating patch 124 are provided on the second insulating dielectric substrate 120. The first radiating patch 123 is located on the bottom surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, and the second radiating patch 124 is located on the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120. However, it is also possible for the patch antenna to include fewer or more radiating patches, as will be described in detail below. A feed line 131 is provided on the bottom surface of the trace substrate 130. As shown in FIG1 , the first insulating dielectric substrate 110, the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, and the trace substrate 130 are stacked together (for example, the first insulating dielectric substrate 110, the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, and the trace substrate 130 may be stacked together by bonding or adhesive), such that, as shown in FIG1 , the top surface of the trace substrate 130 abuts against the bottom surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 110, and the top surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 110 abuts against the bottom surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120. It should be understood that while the patch antenna 100 shown in FIG1 includes the trace substrate 130, this is not a requirement. In other embodiments of the present disclosure, the patch antenna may not include the trace substrate 130, as will be described in detail below.

[0055] Continuing with FIG1 , patch antenna 100 further includes four vias 140 disposed through first and second dielectric substrates 110 and 120. Each via 140 includes a first via 111 located in first dielectric substrate 110 and a first via 121 located in second dielectric substrate 120. First and second vias 111 and 121 are aligned with each other, and their walls are both covered with a metal layer, for example, copper plating. The lower ends of vias 140 (i.e., the lower ends of first vias 111) are electrically connected to the metal layer on the bottom surface of first dielectric substrate 110, while the upper ends of vias 140 (i.e., the upper ends of second vias 121) are flush with the top surface of second dielectric substrate 120. The four vias 140 surround and are spaced apart from the first radiating patch 123, with two vias located on one side of the first radiating patch 123 and the other two vias 140 located on the opposite side of the first radiating patch 123. In some exemplary embodiments, a quadrilateral formed by connecting the lower ends of the four vias 140 can enclose the orthographic projection of the first radiating patch 123 on the bottom surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 110. In other exemplary embodiments, the distance between the center of the lower end of each via 140 and the center of the orthographic projection of the first radiating patch 123 on the bottom surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 110 is between 1 / 5 and 1 / 3 of the operating wavelength of the patch antenna 100. As shown in FIG1 , a metal sheet 122 is attached to the top of each via 140. The metal sheets 122 attached to the two vias 140 on the same side of the first radiating patch 123 are bent toward each other until they abut against the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120. The metal sheets 122 attached to the two vias 140 on the other side of the first radiating patch 123 are also bent toward each other until they abut against the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120. In other words, the metal sheets 122 are bent to form a 0-degree angle with the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120. It should be understood that in some embodiments, the metal sheet 122 may not be bent, or may not need to be bent to abut against the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, as will be described in detail below. It should also be understood that the metal layers, metal sheets, etc. mentioned in this disclosure may be made of any suitable metal material, including but not limited to gold, copper, silver, aluminum, etc., and this disclosure is not limited in this regard. In addition, FIG. 1 shows that the cross-section of the via 140 may be circular, but it should be understood that the cross-section of the via 140 may also be any other suitable shape, such as a rectangle, a square, etc., and this disclosure is not limited in this regard.

[0056] In the patch antenna 100 shown in Figure 1 , the metal-coated vias 140 and the metal sheet 122 attached to the vias, located on both sides of the first and second radiating patches 123 and 124, can confine electromagnetic waves during operation, thereby enabling the patch antenna 100 to achieve a wider beamwidth. Furthermore, the curved arrangement of the metal sheet 122 shown in Figure 1 also enables the patch antenna 100 to have a lower profile, which facilitates its application.

[0057] It should be understood that, according to other exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the via 140 in the patch antenna 100, whose hole wall is covered with a metal layer, can be replaced by any suitable strip-shaped metal structure. Such a strip-shaped metal structure can be implemented as a via (such as the via 140 shown in FIG. 1 ), or can be implemented as other suitable structures, such as, but not limited to, a metal rod, a metal strip, etc. The strip-shaped metal structure can be disposed through the first insulating dielectric substrate 110 and the second insulating dielectric substrate 120. Its first end can also be electrically connected to the metal layer on the bottom surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 110, and its second end can be flush with the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, or can protrude from the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120. A corresponding metal sheet, such as the metal sheet 122 shown in FIG. 1 , is also attached to the second end of the strip-shaped metal structure. Therefore, the structure of the strip metal structure with the metal sheet attached can also constrain the electromagnetic waves of the patch antenna 100 when it is in operation, just like the metal sheet 122 attached to the via 140 with the hole wall covered with a metal layer as shown in FIG1 , thereby enabling the patch antenna 100 to obtain a wider beam width. In some exemplary embodiments, the patch antenna may include multiple strip metal structures, and are arranged such that: at least two strip metal structures are located on the first side of the first radiating patch (e.g., the first radiating patch 123 shown in FIG1 ), and at least two strip metal structures are located on the second side of the first radiating patch, which is opposite to the first side. The metal sheets attached to the two farthest-apart strip metal structures of the at least two strip metal structures located on the first side are bent toward each other, and the metal sheets attached to the two farthest-apart strip metal structures of the at least two strip metal structures located on the second side are also bent toward each other, and the bent metal sheets form an angle greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees with the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate.

[0058] Referring to FIG. 2 in conjunction with FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 schematically illustrates the structure of the trace substrate 130 in the patch antenna 100 shown in FIG. The trace substrate 130 includes a top surface 130a and a bottom surface 130b. A feed line 131 is disposed on the bottom surface 130b and electrically connected to the metal layer on the first insulating dielectric substrate 110 via traces located on the side surfaces of the trace substrate 130 to transmit electrical signals thereto. The feed line 131 shown in FIG. 2 has a generally L-shape, but this is merely illustrative and not restrictive. The feed line 131 may have any suitable form, depending on practical needs. It should also be understood that, in some exemplary embodiments, the feed line 131 may also be disposed on the top surface 130a of the trace substrate 130.

[0059] Referring to FIG3 in conjunction with FIG1 and FIG2 , FIG3 schematically illustrates the structure of the first insulating dielectric substrate 110 in the patch antenna 100 shown in FIG1 . The first insulating dielectric substrate 110 includes a top surface 110a and a bottom surface 110b. A metal layer 112 is provided on the bottom surface 110b. FIG3 shows that the entire bottom surface 110b is covered by the metal layer 112, but this is not required. In other embodiments, the metal layer 112 may only cover a portion of the bottom surface 110b, depending on actual needs. The patch antenna 100 shown in FIG1 utilizes a coupled feed method. Therefore, the metal layer 112 can be electrically connected to the feed line 131 in the trace substrate 130 to serve as a feed layer. However, in other embodiments, such as when other feed methods (such as direct feed or coaxial cable feed) are employed, the metal layer 112 can be grounded to serve as a ground layer, and the trace substrate 130 can be omitted in these non-coupled feed methods. This will be described in detail below. A slot 113 is provided in the metal layer 112. In FIG3 , slot 113 is shown as having an H-shape. However, it should be understood that slot 113 may have any other suitable shape, and this disclosure is not limited thereto. A first via 111 is also provided through the first insulating dielectric substrate 110. The wall of first via 111 is coated with a metal layer, such as copper plating, and the lower end of first via 111 is electrically connected to the metal layer 112.

[0060] Referring to FIG. 4 in conjunction with FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 , and FIG. 3 , FIG. 4 schematically illustrates the structure of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120 in the patch antenna 100 shown in FIG. The second insulating dielectric substrate 120 includes a top surface 120a and a bottom surface 120b. A first radiating patch 123 is disposed on the bottom surface 120b, and a second radiating patch 124 is disposed on the top surface 120a. The orthographic projection of the second radiating patch 124 on the bottom surface 120b of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120 falls within the area of ​​the first radiating patch 123. In other embodiments, the orthographic projection of the second radiating patch 124 on the bottom surface 120b of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120 may coincide with or partially overlap with the first radiating patch 123. The first radiating patch 123 and the second radiating patch 124 may be made of any suitable metal material, including but not limited to gold, silver, copper, aluminum, and the like. The second insulating dielectric substrate 120 is also provided with a second via 121 extending therethrough. The wall of the second via 121 is coated with a metal layer, such as copper plating, and is aligned with the corresponding first via 111 in the first insulating dielectric substrate 110, thereby forming a corresponding via 140. A metal sheet 122 is attached to the upper end of the second via 121 and is bent at an angle of 0 degrees relative to the top surface 120b of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120. This positions the metal sheet 122 against the top surface 120a of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, thereby enabling the patch antenna 100 to have a low profile. In some embodiments, the metal sheet 122 may be a metal trace printed on the top surface 120a of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120. This not only enables the patch antenna 100 to have a low profile, but also simplifies the manufacturing process and reduces manufacturing costs. 4 shows a dual-layer arrangement of Ford patches, which improves the bandwidth of the patch antenna 100. However, arrangements with fewer or more layers are also possible, as will be described in detail below.

[0061] See Figures 5a and 5b, which schematically illustrate the simulation results of a conventional patch antenna and a patch antenna according to the present disclosure, respectively. Figure 5a schematically illustrates the beam width obtained by simulating a conventional patch antenna, wherein: Curve 1 shows the beam width of the conventional patch antenna with respect to different vertical plane angles Θ (-90°≤Θ≤90°) when the frequency of the applied electric signal is 29 GHz and the electric field oscillation plane is a plane with a horizontal plane angle Φ of 0 degrees (i.e., the XOZ plane when the Z axis is pointing in the vertical direction in the XYZ space, and correspondingly, the YOZ plane is a plane with a horizontal plane angle Φ of 90 degrees). Curve 1 shows the gain of a conventional patch antenna with a beamwidth of approximately 97.8 degrees in this case. Curve 2 shows the gain of a conventional patch antenna with a beamwidth of approximately 89.3 degrees about different vertical plane angles θ (-90°≤θ≤90°) when the applied electric signal frequency is 29 GHz and the electric field oscillation plane is a plane with a horizontal plane angle Φ of 90 degrees (i.e., the YOZ plane in XYZ space). Curve 2 shows the beamwidth of a conventional patch antenna in this case. In other words, the beamwidth of a conventional patch antenna is generally less than 120 degrees, requiring more than three patch antennas to achieve 360-degree omnidirectional coverage when forming an omnidirectional antenna array. FIG5 b schematically illustrates the beam width obtained by simulating the patch antenna according to the present disclosure, wherein the curve shows the gain of the patch antenna according to the present disclosure with respect to different vertical plane angles θ (-90°≤θ≤90°) when the frequency of the applied electrical signal is 35 GHz and the electric field oscillation plane is a plane with a horizontal plane angle Φ of 0 degrees. As can be seen from the curve, the beam width of the patch antenna according to the present disclosure in this case is approximately 132.4 degrees. It can be seen that the patch antenna according to the present disclosure can significantly increase its beam width, so that in the case shown in FIG5 b, only three patch antennas according to the present disclosure are needed to achieve 360-degree omnidirectional coverage.

[0062] It should be understood that the bending of the metal sheet 122 in the patch antenna 100 according to the present disclosure should enable the two vias 140 and the attached metal sheet 122 located on the same side of the radiating patch to form a constraint on the electromagnetic field. That is, the two metal sheets 122 located on the same side of the radiating patch are either not bent at all, but extend in a direction perpendicular to the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, or are bent toward each other when bending is required (for example, in order to obtain a patch antenna with a lower cross-sectional profile) so as to be able to constrain the electromagnetic field of the patch antenna. Otherwise, it may result in the inability to constrain the electromagnetic field of the patch antenna, and then the beam width of the patch antenna cannot be increased.

[0063] See Figures 6a and 6b, which illustrate a patch antenna in which two metal sheets on the same side of the radiating patch are not bent toward each other, and simulation results for this patch antenna. As shown in Figure 6a, the two metal sheets 122 on the same side of the radiating patch in this patch antenna are not bent toward each other. Instead, one metal sheet 122 extends from left to right in the figure, while the other adjacent metal sheet 122 extends from top to bottom. Therefore, this bending of the two metal sheets 122 on the same side of the radiating patch fails to constrain the electromagnetic field, resulting in an inability to increase the beamwidth of the patch antenna. Figure 6b schematically illustrates simulation results for a patch antenna with the bent metal sheet shown in Figure 6a. The curve in Figure 6b shows the gain of the patch antenna with the bent metal sheet shown in Figure 6a for different vertical plane angles θ (-90°≤θ≤90°) when the applied electrical signal frequency is 35 GHz and the electric field oscillation plane is a plane with a horizontal plane angle Φ of 0 degrees. It can be seen from the curve that, in the case where the metal sheet included in the patch antenna has the bend shown in FIG. 6 a , the beam width of the patch antenna is only about 64.8 degrees.

[0064] Refer to Figure 7, which schematically shows some details of a patch antenna according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 7, the strip metal structure included in the patch antenna according to the present disclosure can have different cross-sections. The cross-section of the strip metal structure 140a can be circular, and the cross-section of the strip metal structure 140b can be rectangular, with the metal sheets 122a and 122b attached to their top ends accordingly. In some exemplary embodiments, the metal sheets 122a and 122b can also be implemented as metal traces printed on the top surface 120a of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120. It should be understood that for the strip metal structures 140a and 140b, their upper ends may not be flush with the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, but may continue to extend, thereby protruding from the top surface. It should be understood that the strip metal structures 140a, 140b can be implemented as vias 140 in the patch antenna 100 shown in Figure 1, whose hole walls are covered with a metal layer. In other examples, the strip metal structures 140a, 140b can be implemented as metal rods, which can be embedded in vias that pass through, for example, the first and second insulating dielectric substrates in the patch antenna 100.

[0065] Refer to Figure 8, which schematically shows some details of a patch antenna according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 8, the metal sheet attached to the second end of the strip metal structure may also have bends at other angles. For example, from the left to the right in the figure, four bending conditions of the metal sheet are shown, wherein in the leftmost condition, the metal sheet is bent to form an angle of 0 degrees relative to the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, and in the rightmost condition, the metal sheet is not bent (or, the metal sheet forms an angle of 90 degrees relative to the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate). Metal sheets with different bending angles can achieve the wide beam effect of the patch antenna, but different bending angles may cause the patch antenna to have different cross-sectional profiles. Therefore, in applications where a patch antenna with a lower cross-sectional profile is required, the metal sheet can be bent to form an angle of 0 degrees relative to the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate. It should also be understood that when the metal sheet is bent to form an angle of 0 degrees relative to the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, the metal sheet can be implemented as a metal trace printed on the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate. In this way, not only the low-profile profile of the patch antenna is achieved, but also the difficulty of the manufacturing process can be reduced, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced accordingly.

[0066] Referring to FIG9 in conjunction with FIG1 , FIG9 schematically illustrates some details of a patch antenna according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG9 , when the metal sheet 122 is bent to form a 0-degree angle relative to the top surface 120b of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, thereby abutting the top surface 120b of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, or when the metal sheet 122 is implemented as a metal trace printed on the top surface 120b, the metal sheet 122 can also be configured to be deflected relative to the line L connecting the top ends of the vias 140, for example, away from the radiating patch, with the deflection angle ranging from greater than 0 degrees to less than or equal to 10 degrees. It should be understood that in other exemplary embodiments, the metal sheet 122 can also be configured to be deflected relative to the line L connecting the top ends of the vias 140 toward the radiating patch, and the deflection angle ranges from greater than 0 degrees to less than or equal to 10 degrees.

[0067] See Figures 10a and 10b, which schematically illustrate simulation results for the patch antenna with different deflection angles of the metal sheet. Figure 10a shows the beamwidth of the patch antenna when the metal sheet 122 is deflected away from the radiating patch and the deflection angle is 10 degrees in the deflection situation shown in Figure 9, wherein the patch antenna has the structure shown in Figure 1. The curve in Figure 10a represents the gain of the patch antenna with respect to different vertical plane angles Θ (-90°≤Θ≤90°) when the frequency of the applied electrical signal is 35 GHz and the plane of its electric field oscillation is a plane with a horizontal plane angle Φ of 0 degrees. As can be seen from Figure 10a, the beamwidth of the patch antenna is approximately 122.1° in this case. Figure 10b shows the beamwidth of the patch antenna when the metal sheet 122 is deflected away from the radiating patch and the deflection angle is 5 degrees in the deflection situation shown in Figure 9, wherein the patch antenna has the structure shown in Figure 1. The curve in Figure 10b shows the patch antenna's gain for different vertical plane angles θ (-90° ≤ θ ≤ 90°) when the applied electrical signal has a frequency of 35 GHz and the electric field oscillation plane is a plane with a horizontal plane angle Φ of 0 degrees. In this case, the patch antenna's beamwidth is approximately 130.7°. As can be seen from Figures 10a and 10b, the smaller the deflection angle of metal sheet 122 relative to the line L connecting the top ends of vias 140, the larger the patch antenna's beamwidth.

[0068] Referring to Figures 11a and 11b , which schematically illustrate some details of patch antennas according to other exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively. As shown in Figure 11a , the second insulating dielectric substrate 120 in the patch antenna 100 of Figure 1 can be replaced with the second insulating dielectric substrate 120-1 shown in Figure 11a . The only difference between the second insulating dielectric substrate 120-1 and the second insulating dielectric substrate 120 is that the second insulating dielectric substrate 120-1 only has a first radiating patch 123 disposed on the bottom surface 120b . As shown in Figure 11b , the second insulating dielectric substrate 120 in the patch antenna 100 of Figure 1 can also be replaced with the second insulating dielectric substrate 120-2 shown in Figure 11b . The only difference between the second insulating dielectric substrate 120 and the second insulating dielectric substrate 120 is that the second insulating dielectric substrate 120-2 only has a second radiating patch 124 disposed on the top surface 120a . Therefore, the patch antenna including the second insulating dielectric substrate 120 - 1 or 120 - 2 has a single-layer radiation patch configuration.

[0069] Referring to FIG. 12 , a schematic diagram of the structure of a patch antenna according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. As shown in FIG. 12 , patch antenna 200 differs from patch antenna 100 shown in FIG. 1 only in that patch antenna 200 further includes an intermediate insulating dielectric substrate 150 positioned between first insulating dielectric substrate 110 and second insulating dielectric substrate 120 . Intermediate insulating dielectric substrate 150 can be formed from any suitable insulating material, including, for example, glass, plastic, and the like, as non-limiting examples. Intermediate insulating dielectric substrate 150 in FIG. 12 includes a central via 151 and a central radiating patch 152. The walls of central via 151 are also coated with a metal layer (e.g., copper plating), and central via 151 is aligned with first via 111 and second via 121, thereby forming a via 140-1 that extends through first insulating dielectric substrate 110, central insulating dielectric substrate 150, and second insulating dielectric substrate 120. The intermediate radiating patch 152 can be disposed on the bottom surface of the intermediate insulating dielectric substrate 150, and its orthographic projection on the bottom surface 120b of the second insulating dielectric substrate 110 at least partially overlaps with the first radiating patch 123. The intermediate radiating patch 152 can be formed of any suitable metal material, including but not limited to gold, silver, copper, aluminum, etc. It should be understood that in other embodiments, more than one intermediate insulating dielectric substrate 150 can be disposed between the first insulating dielectric substrate 110 and the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, and accordingly, more than one intermediate radiating patch 152 can be included. The present disclosure does not impose any restrictions on the number of intermediate insulating dielectric substrates (and accordingly, the number of intermediate radiating patches). Therefore, the patch antenna 200 shown in FIG12 has a multi-layer radiating patch configuration, which helps further improve the bandwidth of the patch antenna.

[0070] Referring to FIG. 13 , which schematically illustrates the structure of a patch antenna according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, FIG. As shown in FIG. 13 , patch antenna 300 includes a first insulating dielectric substrate 110 and a second insulating dielectric substrate 120-3. The structure of first insulating dielectric substrate 110 in patch antenna 300 is identical to that of first insulating dielectric substrate 100 in patch antenna 100 shown in FIG. 1 , and therefore, will not be further described here. The structure of second insulating dielectric substrate 120-3 in patch antenna 300 differs from that of second insulating dielectric substrate 120 in patch antenna 100 shown in FIG. 1 , except that a feed line 125 is provided on the bottom surface of second insulating dielectric substrate 120-3, and feed line 125 is electrically connected to first radiating patch 123. As can be seen, in patch antenna 300 shown in FIG. 13 , direct feed is employed for first radiating patch 123. This eliminates the need for a trace substrate in patch antenna 300, resulting in a lower profile.

[0071] Referring to FIG. 14 , which schematically illustrates the structure of a patch antenna according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, FIG. 14 shows a patch antenna 400 comprising a first insulating dielectric substrate 110, a second insulating dielectric substrate 120, and a coaxial cable 160. The first insulating dielectric substrate 110 and the second insulating dielectric substrate 120 in the patch antenna 400 have the same structure as the first insulating dielectric substrate 100 and the second insulating dielectric substrate 120 in the patch antenna 100 shown in FIG. 1 , and therefore, will not be described in detail here. The coaxial cable 160 extends through the first insulating dielectric substrate 110, and the coaxial cable 160 is configured such that its outer conductor is electrically connected to a metal layer on the bottom surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 110, which can then be grounded to serve as a ground plane. The inner conductor of the coaxial cable 160 is electrically connected to the first radiating patch 123. Thus, the patch antenna 400 shown in FIG. 14 employs a coaxial feed method for the first radiating patch 123. In this way, the wiring substrate can be removed from the patch antenna 400, so that the patch antenna 400 can have a lower profile. At the same time, because the coaxial cable is used for feeding, the patch antenna 400 can better eliminate interference.

[0072] It should be understood that the various structural features of the patch antenna according to the present disclosure described above in combination with Figures 1 to 5b and Figures 7 to 14 can be combined arbitrarily without violating the technical principles, and the technical solutions obtained by combining these structural features also fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0073] See Figure 15, which schematically illustrates the structure of an omnidirectional antenna array according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 15, omnidirectional antenna array 500 includes three patch antennas 510, 520, and 530. The three patch antennas 510, 520, and 530 are arranged such that axes A1, A2, and A3, which pass through the centers of the patch antennas and extend along the normal direction of the first and second insulating dielectric substrates, intersect at a point, the angle between two adjacent axes is 120 degrees, and the three patch antennas are in contact with each other. In some exemplary embodiments, the distance between the centers of two adjacent patch antennas is less than 1 / 4 of the operating wavelength of each patch antenna.

[0074] It should be understood that each of the three patch antennas 510, 520, and 530 can be implemented to have the same structure as the patch antenna 100 shown in FIG1 . For example, each of the three patch antennas 510, 520, and 530 can include a first insulating dielectric substrate 110, a second insulating dielectric substrate 120, and a trace substrate 130. The orthographic projection of the patch antenna 100 on the trace substrate 130 has a rectangular shape. A metal layer is provided on the bottom surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 110, and an H-shaped slot is provided in the metal layer for coupling and feeding the patch antenna 100. A first radiating patch 123 and a second radiating patch 124 are provided on the second insulating dielectric substrate 120. The radiating patch 123 is located on the bottom surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, the second radiating patch 124 is located on the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, and a feed line 131 is provided on the bottom surface of the trace substrate 130. The first insulating dielectric substrate 110, the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, and the trace substrate 130 are stacked together as shown in FIG1 , such that the top surface of the trace substrate 130 abuts the bottom surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 110, and the top surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 110 abuts the bottom surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120. It should also be understood that the various features of the patch antenna described above in conjunction with the exemplary embodiments shown in FIG1 to FIG5 b and FIG7 to FIG14 , as well as other embodiments mentioned in the specification, can also be incorporated into the patch antennas 510, 520, and 530 accordingly.

[0075] See Figure 16, which schematically illustrates the simulation results of the omnidirectional antenna array shown in Figure 15. As shown in Figure 16, the curve represents the gain of the omnidirectional antenna array with respect to a horizontal plane angle Φ (0°≤Θ≤360°) when the applied electrical signal frequency is 35 GHz and the electric field oscillation plane is a plane with a vertical plane angle Θ of 0 degrees. Thus, it can be seen that the omnidirectional antenna array 500 shown in Figure 15 achieves omnidirectional horizontal coverage (i.e., coverage of the entire 360-degree horizontal plane angle Φ) using three patch antennas 510, 520, and 530.

[0076] Referring to Figures 17a and 17b, which schematically illustrate the structure of an omnidirectional antenna array according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 17a illustrates the omnidirectional antenna array in a perspective view, and Figure 17b illustrates the omnidirectional antenna array in a plan view. As shown in Figures 17a and 17b, omnidirectional antenna array 600 also includes three patch antennas 510, 520, and 530, each of which has the same structure as the patch antenna 100 shown in Figure 1, and therefore will not be described in detail here. The only difference between omnidirectional antenna array 600 and omnidirectional antenna array 500 is that there is a certain spacing between the three patch antennas 510, 520, and 530 in omnidirectional antenna array 600. However, the three patch antennas 510, 520, and 530 in omnidirectional antenna array 600 are arranged so that the distance between the centers of two adjacent patch antennas is less than 1 / 4 of the operating wavelength of the patch antennas.

[0077] It should be understood that in other exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the omnidirectional antenna array may include more patch antennas, such as four, five, or six patch antennas, etc.

[0078] Referring to FIG. 18 , which schematically illustrates the structure of a coplanar radiating antenna array according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, FIG. As shown in FIG. 18 , the coplanar radiating antenna array 700 includes a first insulating dielectric substrate 710, a second insulating dielectric substrate 720, and a plurality of patch antenna modules 730 and 740. The orthographic projection of the coplanar radiating antenna array 700 onto the first insulating dielectric substrate 710 has a rectangular shape. However, it should be understood that any other shape is possible, such as a square, a parallelogram, a trapezoid, etc., and the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The first insulating dielectric substrate 710 and the second insulating dielectric substrate 720 each include a bottom surface and a top surface, and the first insulating dielectric substrate 710 and the second insulating dielectric substrate 720 are stacked such that the top surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 710 abuts the bottom surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 720. The plurality of patch antenna modules may include a low-frequency patch antenna module 730 and a high-frequency patch antenna module 740. The low-frequency patch antenna module 730 and the high-frequency patch antenna module 740 have similar structures and can both be implemented as the structure of the patch antenna 100 shown in FIG1 . Specifically, each patch antenna module 730 , 740 includes: a metal layer disposed on the bottom surface of a first insulating dielectric substrate 710 ; a first radiating patch disposed on the bottom surface of a second insulating dielectric substrate 720 ; and four vias, each of which penetrates the first and second insulating dielectric substrates 710 , 720 . The via walls of the vias are covered with the metal layer, and each via has a first end electrically connected to the metal layer and a metal sheet attached to a second end. The four vias surround the first radiating patch and are spaced apart from it. Two vias are located on one side of the first radiating patch, and the other two vias are located on the opposite side of the first radiating patch. The first ends of the four vias are connected in sequence to form a quadrilateral that surrounds the orthographic projection of the first radiating patch on the bottom surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 710 . In some exemplary embodiments, the distance from the center of the first end of each via to the center of the orthographic projection of the first radiating patch on the bottom surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 710 ranges from 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 of the operating wavelength of the patch antenna. It can be seen that the coplanar radiating antenna array 700 can implement multiple patch antenna modules on the same substrate, part of these patch antenna modules constitute a high-frequency array, and the other part constitutes a low-frequency array, so that the coplanar radiating antenna array 700 can have at least two operating wavelengths, and also have a wider beam width (greater than 120 degrees) and a lower cross-sectional profile. Figure 18 shows that the coplanar radiating antenna array 700 includes three low-frequency patch antenna modules 730 and eight high-frequency patch antenna modules 740, but this is merely exemplary and not restrictive. The coplanar radiating antenna array according to the present disclosure may include more or fewer low-frequency patch antenna modules and / or high-frequency patch antenna modules.The present disclosure does not impose any limitation on the number of low-frequency patch antenna modules and / or high-frequency patch antenna modules included in the coplanar radiating antenna array.

[0079] It should be understood that each of the multiple patch antenna modules in the coplanar radiating antenna array 700 shown in FIG18 can be implemented as the patch antenna described above with respect to the exemplary embodiments shown in FIG1 to FIG5 b and FIG7 to FIG14 , as well as other embodiments mentioned in the specification. For example, the vias included in each of the multiple patch antenna modules in the coplanar radiating antenna array 700 can also be replaced with metal rods or any other suitable strip metal structure. The patch antenna module can include multiple strip metal structures, arranged such that at least two strip metal structures are located on a first side of the first radiating patch, and at least two strip metal structures are located on a second side of the first radiating patch opposite the first side. The metal sheets can also be replaced with metal traces printed on the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 720. Each patch antenna module can include only one radiating patch formed on the top or bottom surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 720. The shape of the radiating patch can be rectangular, rectangular with rounded corners, square, etc. Furthermore, in some exemplary embodiments, the coplanar radiating antenna array 700 may further include a routing layer to power the radiating patches in each patch antenna module via feed lines arranged on the routing layer. Alternatively, at least one intermediate insulating dielectric substrate may be disposed between the first insulating dielectric substrate 710 and the second insulating dielectric substrate 720 to provide an intermediate radiating patch for at least one of the multiple patch antenna modules, thereby implementing a multi-layer radiating patch configuration. All of these implementations should be considered coplanar radiating antenna arrays within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0080] The terms used in this disclosure are only used to describe the embodiments in this disclosure and are not intended to limit this disclosure. As used in this disclosure, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to also include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It is also to be understood that the terms "include" and "comprise" when used in this disclosure refer to the presence of the features mentioned, but do not exclude the presence of one or more other features or the addition of one or more other features. As used in this disclosure, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be understood that although the terms "first", "second", "third" etc. can be used to describe various features in this disclosure, these features should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one feature from another.

[0081] The orientation words used in this disclosure, such as "bottom", "top", "up", "lower", "horizontal", "vertical", etc., are all used to describe the display contents of the drawings of this disclosure, and they do not constitute a limitation to this disclosure.

[0082] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used in this disclosure have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It is also understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the relevant art and / or the context of this specification, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless explicitly defined in this disclosure.

[0083] In the description of this specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, without contradiction and without violating technical principles, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, or may omit some technical features from the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, and the embodiments or examples obtained based on such combination, combination or omission are also considered to fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0084] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail in conjunction with certain exemplary embodiments, it is not to be limited to the specific forms described in this disclosure. Rather, the scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A patch antenna, comprising: A first insulating dielectric substrate, the first insulating dielectric substrate comprising a first surface and an opposite second surface, a metal layer being disposed on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate; a second insulating dielectric substrate, the second insulating dielectric substrate comprising a first surface and an opposite second surface, a first radiation patch being disposed on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, wherein the first insulating dielectric substrate and the second insulating dielectric substrate are stacked so that the second surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate abuts against the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate; A plurality of strip metal structures are located on both sides of the first radiation patch, each strip metal structure passes through the first insulating dielectric substrate and the second insulating dielectric substrate, a first end of each strip metal structure is electrically connected to the metal layer and a metal sheet is attached to the second end thereof, the plurality of strip metal structures are arranged to surround the first radiation patch and be separated from the first radiation patch, wherein at least two strip metal structures are located on the first side of the first radiation patch, and at least two strip metal structures are located on the second side of the first radiation patch opposite to the first side, the metal sheets attached to the two strip metal structures farthest apart from each other among the at least two strip metal structures located on the first side are bent toward each other, the metal sheets attached to the two strip metal structures farthest apart from each other among the at least two strip metal structures located on the second side are also bent toward each other, and the bent metal sheets form an angle greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees with the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate.

2. The patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein: Each strip metal structure is composed of a first via hole penetrating the first insulating dielectric substrate and a second via hole penetrating the second insulating dielectric substrate, the first via hole and the second via hole are aligned with each other, and the hole walls of the first via hole and the second via hole are covered with a metal layer.

3. The patch antenna according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The multiple strip metal structures include four strip metal structures, wherein two strip metal structures are located on the first side of the first radiation patch, and the other two strip metal structures are located on the second side, and a quadrilateral formed by connecting the first ends of the strip metal structures in sequence surrounds the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the first surface of the first insulating medium substrate.

4. The patch antenna according to claim 3, wherein: The orthographic projection of the patch antenna on the first insulating medium substrate is a rectangle, and the four strip-shaped metal structures are respectively located at four corners of the patch antenna.

5. The patch antenna according to claim 3, wherein: The metal sheets attached to the two strip-shaped metal structures located on the same side of the first radiation patch are bent toward each other.

6. The patch antenna according to claim 4, wherein: The second end of the strip metal structure is flush with the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, and the metal sheet is a metal trace printed on the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate.

7. The patch antenna according to claim 6, wherein: The metal routing of the two strip metal structures located on the same side of the first radiation patch is configured to be deflected toward the first radiation patch or away from the first radiation patch relative to the line between the second ends of the two strip metal structures on the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, wherein the range of the deflection angle is greater than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 10 degrees.

8. The patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The patch antenna further includes a second radiation patch disposed on the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, wherein an orthographic projection of the second radiation patch on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate at least partially overlaps with the first radiation patch.

9. The patch antenna according to claim 1 or 8, wherein: The patch antenna also includes at least one intermediate insulating dielectric substrate arranged between the first insulating dielectric substrate and the second insulating dielectric substrate, at least one intermediate radiating patch is arranged on the intermediate insulating dielectric substrate, and the orthographic projection of the intermediate radiating patch on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate at least partially overlaps with the first radiating patch.

10. The patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The patch antenna further includes a feed line disposed on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, and the feed line is electrically connected to the first radiation patch.

11. The patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The patch antenna also includes a coaxial cable, which runs through the first insulating dielectric substrate, and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is electrically connected to the metal layer on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate, and the inner conductor of the coaxial cable is electrically connected to the first radiation patch.

12. The patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein: A gap is provided in the metal layer, and an orthographic projection of the gap on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate falls within the first radiation sheet; The patch antenna also includes a wiring substrate, which includes a first surface and an opposite second surface. The second surface of the wiring substrate abuts against the first surface of the first insulating medium substrate. A feed line is arranged on the first surface of the wiring substrate, and the feed line is electrically connected to the metal layer.

13. The patch antenna according to claim 12, wherein: The shape of the slit includes an H shape.

14. The patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein: A polygon formed by sequentially connecting the first ends of the strip-shaped metal structures surrounds the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate.

15. The patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The distance from the center of the first end of each strip metal structure to the center of the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate is between 1 / 5 and 1 / 3 of the working wavelength of the patch antenna.

16. An omnidirectional antenna array, comprising at least three patch antennas according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein: The at least three patch antennas are arranged such that axes passing through centers of the patch antennas and extending along normal directions of the first insulating dielectric substrate and the second insulating dielectric substrate intersect at one point.

17. The omnidirectional antenna array according to claim 16, wherein: The at least three patch antennas are arranged in contact with each other.

18. The omnidirectional antenna array according to claim 16, wherein: The at least three patch antennas include three patch antennas, and the angle between two adjacent axes of the three patch antennas is 120 degrees.

19. The omnidirectional antenna array according to claim 18, wherein: The distance between the centers of two adjacent patch antennas is less than 1 / 4 of the working wavelength of the patch antennas.

20. A coplanar radiating antenna array, comprising: a first insulating dielectric substrate, the first insulating dielectric substrate comprising a first surface and an opposite second surface; a second insulating dielectric substrate, the second insulating dielectric substrate comprising a first surface and an opposite second surface, wherein the first insulating dielectric substrate and the second insulating dielectric substrate are stacked such that the second surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate abuts against the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate; A plurality of patch antenna modules, wherein each patch antenna module comprises: a metal layer disposed on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate; a first radiation patch disposed on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate; A plurality of strip metal structures are located on both sides of the first radiation patch, each strip metal structure passes through the first insulating dielectric substrate and the second insulating dielectric substrate, a first end of each strip metal structure is electrically connected to the metal layer and a metal sheet is attached to the second end thereof, the plurality of strip metal structures are arranged to surround the first radiation patch and be separated from the first radiation patch, wherein at least two strip metal structures are located on the first side of the first radiation patch, and at least two strip metal structures are located on the second side of the first radiation patch opposite to the first side, the metal sheets attached to the two strip metal structures farthest apart from each other among the at least two strip metal structures located on the first side are bent toward each other, the metal sheets attached to the two strip metal structures farthest apart from each other among the at least two strip metal structures located on the second side are also bent toward each other, and the bent metal sheets form an angle greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees with the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate.

21. The coplanar radiating antenna array according to claim 20, wherein: The plurality of patch antenna modules include a low-frequency patch antenna module and a high-frequency patch antenna module.

22. The coplanar radiating antenna array according to claim 20, wherein: In at least one patch antenna module of the multiple patch antenna modules, each strip metal structure is composed of a first via hole penetrating the first insulating dielectric substrate and a second via hole penetrating the second insulating dielectric substrate, the first via hole and the second via hole are aligned with each other, and the hole walls of the first via hole and the second via hole are covered with a metal layer.

23. The coplanar radiating antenna array according to any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein: Each patch antenna module includes four strip metal structures, two strip metal structures are located on the first side of the first radiation patch, and the other two strip metal structures are located on the second side, and the first ends of each strip metal structure are connected in sequence to form a quadrilateral that surrounds the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the first surface of the first insulating medium substrate.

24. The coplanar radiating antenna array according to claim 23, wherein: In at least one patch antenna module of the multiple patch antenna modules, the metal sheet is a metal trace printed on the second surface of the second insulating medium substrate, and the metal traces attached to the two strip metal structures located on the same side of the first radiation patch extend toward each other.

25. The coplanar radiating antenna array according to claim 20, wherein: At least one of the plurality of patch antenna modules further includes a second radiation patch disposed on the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, and an orthographic projection of the second radiation patch on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate falls within the first radiation patch.

26. The coplanar radiating antenna array according to claim 20, wherein: The polygon formed by sequentially connecting the first ends of the plurality of strip-shaped metal structures included in each patch antenna module surrounds the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch of the corresponding patch antenna module on the first surface of the first insulating medium substrate.

27. The coplanar radiating antenna array according to claim 20, wherein: The distance from the center of the first end of the multiple strip metal structures included in each patch antenna module to the center of the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch of the corresponding patch antenna module on the first surface of the first insulating medium substrate is between 1 / 5 and 1 / 3 of the working wavelength of the corresponding patch antenna module.

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