Perovskite solar cell having stable temperature and preparation method therefor

Abstract

The present invention provides a perovskite solar cell having a stable temperature and a preparation method therefor. The perovskite solar cell comprises a composite constant-temperature packaging layer. The composite constant-temperature packaging layer comprises: a first packaging layer; a second packaging layer; and a low-temperature phase change material packaged in the first packaging layer and the second packaging layer. According to the perovskite solar cell provided by the present invention, the low-temperature phase change material is deposited on the outer packaging side, so that the working temperature rise of the battery under the daytime illumination is reduced, and a relatively constant temperature of the battery can be maintained. The working temperature of the battery can be adjusted on the basis of the phase change material, and the battery can be applied to constant-temperature application scenarios such as greenhouse side tops.

Description

A temperature-stable perovskite solar cell and its preparation method Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, and in particular relates to a temperature-stable perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid growth of perovskite solar cells in recent years, they have gradually become the most promising technology in the photovoltaic industry. However, perovskite cells still face problems such as high temperature rise under sunlight, poor heat dissipation, and insufficient long-term stability. Technical issues

[0003] Existing technologies mainly reduce the temperature through cooling methods such as air cooling and water cooling, but their structures are complex and the costs are high, which cannot meet the needs of the industrialization of perovskite solar cells. Technical Solutions

[0004] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a temperature-stable perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The perovskite solar cell uses a low-temperature phase change material as an encapsulation layer, which can reduce the operating temperature rise of the battery under daytime illumination and maintain a relatively constant temperature of the battery.

[0005] The present invention provides a temperature-stable perovskite solar cell, comprising a composite constant-temperature encapsulation layer;

[0006] The composite constant temperature packaging layer includes a first packaging layer; a second packaging layer;

[0007] and a low-temperature phase-change material encapsulated in the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer.

[0008] In the present invention, the low-temperature phase change material is a CaCl2·6H2O-based composite phase change material and / or a Na2SO4·10H2O-based composite phase change material.

[0009] In the present invention, the CaCl2·6H2O-based composite phase change material is selected from a composite of CaCl2·6H2O and porous Al2O3; a composite of CaCl2·6H2O and expanded graphite; or CaCl2·6H2O containing one or more components of nucleating agents SrCl2·6H2O, Ba(OH)2·8H2O, inorganic salts KCl, MgCl2 and NaCl.

[0010] In the present invention, the Na2SO4·10H2O-based composite phase change material is selected from a Na2SO4·10H2O and sodium polyacrylate complex; a Na2SO4·10H2O and expanded graphite complex; or Na2SO4·10H2O containing one or more components of a nucleating agent Na2B4O7·10H2O, a thickener polycarboxylic acid, an inorganic salt KCl, MgCl2 and NaCl.

[0011] In the present invention, the second encapsulation layer has a groove structure, and the low-temperature phase change material is encapsulated in the groove structure.

[0012] In the present invention, the bottom thickness of the second packaging layer with the groove structure is 0.5-3 mm, and the wall thickness of the groove structure is 1-4 mm.

[0013] In the present invention, the low-temperature phase change material includes CaCl2·6H2O, a nucleating agent SrCl2·6H2O and expanded graphite;

[0014] Or include Na2SO4·10H2O and expanded graphite.

[0015] The present invention provides a method for preparing a temperature-stable perovskite solar cell according to the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0016] The low-temperature phase-change material is encapsulated between the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer to obtain a composite constant-temperature encapsulation layer.

[0017] The present invention also includes sequentially preparing an electron transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a hole transport layer and a metal electrode layer on a substrate, then covering with a polyethylene-polyvinyl acetate copolymer film, setting a sealant around it, covering with a composite constant temperature packaging layer, and hot pressing and packaging to obtain a perovskite solar cell.

[0018] In the present invention, the intensity of the hot pressing is 0.05-0.3 MPa, the temperature of the hot pressing is 60-140° C., and the time of the hot pressing is 5-15 min. Beneficial effects

[0019] The present invention provides a temperature-stable perovskite solar cell, comprising a composite constant-temperature encapsulation layer comprising a first encapsulation layer, a second encapsulation layer, and a low-temperature phase-change material encapsulated within the first and second encapsulation layers. The low-temperature phase-change material is deposited on the outer surface of the perovskite solar cell encapsulation to reduce the cell's operating temperature rise under daylight, allowing the cell to maintain a relatively constant temperature. The cell's operating temperature can be adjusted based on the phase-change material, enabling the cell to be used in constant-temperature applications such as greenhouse rooftops. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a temperature-stable perovskite solar cell provided by the present invention; wherein 1 is a first encapsulation layer, 2 is a low-temperature phase change material, 3 is a second encapsulation layer, 4 is a metal electrode layer, 5 is a hole transport layer, 6 is a perovskite light absorption layer, 7 is an electron transport layer, and 8 is a substrate;

[0021] FIG2 is a temperature performance test curve of the battery prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0022] FIG3 is a temperature performance test curve of the battery prepared in Example 2 of the present invention. Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0023] The present invention provides a temperature-stable perovskite solar cell, comprising a composite constant-temperature encapsulation layer;

[0024] The composite constant temperature packaging layer includes a first packaging layer; a second packaging layer;

[0025] and a low-temperature phase-change material encapsulated in the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer.

[0026] The perovskite solar cell provided by the present invention is provided with a composite constant-temperature packaging layer, in which the low-temperature phase-change material can significantly reduce the operating temperature of the perovskite solar cell, while at the same time, the complexity and cost of the device structure are not significantly increased; it can also adjust the battery operating temperature and maintain a constant temperature at night, making it suitable for various constant-temperature application scenarios such as the side roof of a greenhouse.

[0027] The perovskite solar cell provided by the present invention includes a composite constant temperature packaging layer; the composite constant temperature packaging layer includes a first packaging layer, the main component of the first packaging layer is ultra-white glass material, and the thickness of the first packaging layer is 0.5~3mm.

[0028] The composite constant temperature encapsulation layer includes a second encapsulation layer, the main component of which is ultra-clear glass. The second encapsulation layer has a grooved structure, with a bottom thickness of 0.5 to 3 mm and a wall thickness of 1 to 4 mm. The groove structure has a depth of 3 to 6 mm and a thickness of 8 to 12 mm.

[0029] The composite constant temperature packaging layer includes a low-temperature phase change material encapsulated in the first packaging layer and the second packaging layer. The low-temperature phase change material is preferably installed in the groove structure of the second packaging layer, and the amount of low-temperature phase change material added accounts for 40-80% of the groove volume.

[0030] In the present invention, the raw materials for preparing the low-temperature phase change material include CaCl2·6H2O or Na2SO4·10H2O. Based on CaCl2·6H2O or Na2SO4·10H2O, 0~15wt% of a regulator, 0~5wt% of a nucleating agent, 0~6wt% of a thickener and 0~10wt% of an inorganic salt are added; the regulator is selected from one or more of sodium polyacrylate, expanded graphite, porous Al2O3 and graphene; the nucleating agent is selected from one or more of SrCl2·6H2O, Ba(OH)2·8H2O, and Na2B4O7·10H2O (borax); the thickener is selected from one or more of polycarboxylic acid, cellulose ether, polyacrylamide and glycerol; and the inorganic salt is selected from one or more of KCl, NaCl and MgCl2. The porous Al2O3, expanded graphite, and graphene are composite components of a composite phase-change material used to adjust the various properties of CaCl2·6H2O. These components can improve structural stability and uniformity, reduce phase separation issues, and more. Specifically, the low-temperature phase-change material is a CaCl2·6H2O-based composite phase-change material and / or a Na2SO4·10H2O-based composite phase-change material. The CaCl2·6H2O-based composite phase-change material is selected from a composite of CaCl2·6H2O and porous Al2O3; a composite of CaCl2·6H2O and expanded graphite; or CaCl2·6H2O containing one or more of the nucleating agents SrCl2·6H2O, Ba(OH)2·8H2O, and the inorganic salts KCl, MgCl2, and NaCl. The Na2SO4·10H2O-based composite phase change material is selected from a Na2SO4·10H2O and sodium polyacrylate complex; a Na2SO4·10H2O and expanded graphite complex; or a Na2SO4·10H2O containing one or more of the following: a nucleating agent, Na2B4O7·10H2O; a thickening agent, polycarboxylic acid; and inorganic salts, such as KCl, MgCl2, and NaCl. In a specific embodiment, the low-temperature phase change material includes CaCl2·6H2O, a nucleating agent, SrCl2·6H2O, and expanded graphite; or Na2SO4·10H2O and expanded graphite.

[0031] The present invention preferably designs a texture pattern on the top surface of the composite constant temperature packaging layer to expand its surface area; it can also improve its heat dissipation capacity by applying a heat dissipation coating such as graphite, thermal conductive gel, etc. with a thickness of 0.1~0.2mm.

[0032] The perovskite solar cell provided by the present invention further includes a metal electrode layer, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, an electron transport layer, and a substrate, which are sequentially disposed on the second encapsulation layer in the composite constant temperature encapsulation layer. In other words, the perovskite solar cell in the present invention includes a substrate, an electron transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a hole transport layer, a metal electrode layer, and a composite constant temperature encapsulation layer; the second encapsulation layer of the composite constant temperature encapsulation layer is in contact with the metal electrode layer.

[0033] In the present invention, the metal electrode layer is one or more of Au, Ag or Cu; and the thickness of the metal electrode layer is 50-100 nm.

[0034] The hole transport layer is selected from Spiro-OMeTAD, PTAA, P3HT, etc. The thickness of the hole transport layer is 100-200 nm.

[0035] The perovskite light-absorbing layer has a composition of ABX3, where A is formamidine (FA), Cs, methylamine (MA), etc.; B is Pb, Sn, etc.; and X is I, Br, Cl, etc. The thickness of the perovskite light-absorbing layer is 200-800 nm.

[0036] The electron transport layer is selected from metal oxides such as SnO2, TiO2, and ZnO, and has a thickness of 10 to 40 nm;

[0037] The substrate is transparent conductive glass, mainly ITO glass, FTO glass, etc.; the thickness of the substrate is 0.5~3mm.

[0038] The present invention provides a method for preparing a temperature-stable perovskite solar cell according to the above technical solution, comprising the following steps:

[0039] The low-temperature phase-change material is encapsulated between the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer to obtain a composite constant-temperature encapsulation layer.

[0040] The present invention ensures the sealing performance of the packaging layer by applying edge sealant or drawing a low vacuum on the packaging layer.

[0041] The preparation of the perovskite solar cell according to the present invention further comprises sequentially preparing an electron transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a hole transport layer and a metal electrode layer on a substrate, then covering with a polyethylene-polyvinyl acetate copolymer film, setting a sealant around it, covering with a composite constant temperature packaging layer, and hot pressing and packaging to obtain a perovskite solar cell.

[0042] The present invention adopts a bottom-up preparation method to prepare perovskite solar cells.

[0043] The present invention cleans the substrate, preferably using a detergent, deionized water, ethanol, acetone and isopropyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning in sequence, with the ultrasonic time being 10 to 25 minutes. After cleaning, the substrate is immersed in isopropyl alcohol and blown dry with a nitrogen air gun before use.

[0044] The present invention adopts a solution method to prepare the electron transport layer. In a specific embodiment, a 1-4wt% SnO2 nanoparticle aqueous solution is used, the spin coating rate is 3000-6000rpm, the time is 30-50s, the annealing temperature is 100-180°C, and the time is 20-40min.

[0045] The present invention uses a solution method to prepare a perovskite light-absorbing layer. The precursor solution of the perovskite light-absorbing layer is selected from APbX3, where A is one or more of FA, MA, and Cs, and X is one or more of I, Br, and Cl. Based on the perovskite ratio, the corresponding masses of AX and PbX2 are weighed and added to a solvent selected from one or more of DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide), DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), NMP (N-methylpyrrolidone), and GBL (γ-butyrolactone). The solution concentration is 1.0 to 1.6 mol / L. The perovskite film can be prepared by spin coating, doctor blade coating, slit coating, and other methods. The spin coating speed is 1000 to 6000 rpm for 30 to 60 seconds. An antisolvent selected from anisole, chlorobenzene, toluene, and ether is added dropwise 8 to 15 seconds before the end of the spin coating. For the doctor blade coating method, the blade height is 60-100 microns, the traversing speed is 10-40 mm / s, and the air knife air velocity is 6-8 m / s. For the slot coating method, the blade height is 60-130 microns, the traversing speed is 5-15 mm / s, and the liquid discharge rate is 1-3 mL / min. After the solution is coated, the film is annealed at a temperature of 80-160°C for 10-40 minutes.

[0046] The present invention adopts a solution method to prepare the hole transport layer, with a spin coating speed of 2000-6000 rpm and a time of 20-60 s.

[0047] The present invention adopts vacuum evaporation method to prepare the metal electrode layer, and the vacuum degree is 6×10 -5 ~2×10 -4 Pa, the evaporation rate is 0.5~2nm / min, and the thickness is 50~100nm, preferably 60~90nm.

[0048] The present invention covers the active area of ​​the prepared perovskite battery with an EVA (polyethylene-polyvinyl acetate copolymer) film, and optionally uses sealant around it, covers it with a top packaging layer, and performs packaging and bonding by hot pressing. The hot pressing strength is 0.05-0.3MPa, the temperature is 60-140°C, the emptying time is 3-9min, and the hot pressing time is 5-15min.

[0049] The preparation method provided by the present invention is simple and easy to industrialize. By providing a temperature-stable perovskite solar cell, the present invention can effectively achieve temperature stabilization of the cell, thereby reducing its temperature rise under illumination, improving its long-term working stability, and broadening its application scenarios.

[0050] To further illustrate the present invention, a temperature-stable perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0051] Preparatory Example 1

[0052] Preparation of top constant temperature packaging layer:

[0053] Step 1: Measure 10 mL of deionized water, weigh 10.2 g of anhydrous calcium chloride, and quickly add it to the deionized water; weigh 0.4 g of strontium chloride hexahydrate and add it to the solution;

[0054] Step 2: Heat and expand 40-mesh graphite at a heating power of 700 W for 15 seconds to obtain expanded graphite; weigh 1 g of expanded graphite, add it to the solution prepared in step 1, and mechanically shake it for 15 minutes to fully mix it to obtain a calcium chloride hexahydrate-expanded graphite composite phase change material.

[0055] Step 3: Add the composite phase change material to the grooved encapsulation glass, filling it to 70% of the groove volume. Apply sealant to the top edge of the groove. Place ultra-clear glass on the grooved encapsulation glass, aligning the edges and sealing.

[0056] Step 4: Lamination and bonding of the packaging layer at a pressure of 0.1 MPa for 5 minutes.

[0057] Preparatory Example 2

[0058] Preparation of top constant temperature packaging layer:

[0059] Step 1: 40-mesh graphite is heated and expanded at a heating power of 700 W for 15 seconds to obtain expanded graphite; 18.4 g of Na2SO4·10H2O, 1.6 g of expanded graphite, and 2.4 g of deionized water are weighed, and vacuum adsorption and stirring are performed at 40°C for 4 hours to obtain a sodium sulfate decahydrate-expanded graphite composite phase change material.

[0060] Step 3: Add the composite phase change material to the grooved encapsulation glass, filling it to 70% of the groove volume. Apply sealant to the top edge of the groove. Place ultra-clear glass on the grooved encapsulation glass, aligning the edges and sealing.

[0061] Step 4: Lamination and bonding of the packaging layer at a pressure of 0.1 MPa for 5 minutes.

[0062] Comparative Example 1

[0063] Preparation of NIP structure perovskite battery:

[0064] The preparation method is as follows:

[0065] Step 1: The transparent conductive glass is ultrasonically cleaned using a detergent, deionized water, ethanol, acetone, and isopropanol in sequence. Each cleaning time is 15 minutes. The cleaned substrate is immersed in an isopropanol solution and blown dry with a nitrogen gun before use.

[0066] Step 2: Prepare a SnO2 electron transport layer on transparent conductive glass by spin coating. The solution is an aqueous solution containing 2.5wt% SnO2 nanoparticles. The spin coating rate is 4000rpm and the time is 30s. The annealing temperature after spin coating is 160℃ and the time is 30min. The thickness is 20nm.

[0067] Step 3: A perovskite film was prepared by a one-step spin coating method. The perovskite component was FAPbI3, the concentration was 1.4 mol / L, the spin coating rate was 5000 rpm, and the time was 30 s. During the film formation process, anisole antisolvent was added dropwise after 20 s of coating; the annealing temperature was 100 ° C, the time was 30 min, and the thickness was 450 nm.

[0068] Step 4: A spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer was prepared on the perovskite film by spin coating. The solution was prepared by adding 73.2 mg of spiro-OMeTAD, 28.8 μL of TBP, 17.5 μL of Li-TFSI (520 mg / ml), and 29 μL of FK-209 (520 mg / ml) to 1 ml of chlorobenzene solution. The spin coating rate was 4000 rpm, the time was 30 s, and the thickness was 180 nm.

[0069] Step 5: Prepare the Au back electrode on the hole transport layer by evaporation. The evaporation vacuum is 8.0×10 -5 Pa, the evaporation rate in the first stage is about 0.5~1nm / min, the time is 20min, the second stage is about 2~3nm / min, the time is 25min, and the film thickness is about 70nm.

[0070] Step 6: Cover the active area of ​​the prepared perovskite battery with EVA film, stick butyl sealant around it, cover it with an ultra-white glass packaging layer, and perform packaging and bonding by hot pressing. The hot pressing strength is 0.1 MPa, the temperature is 100°C, the emptying time is 5 minutes, and the hot pressing time is 10 minutes. Industrial Applicability

[0071] Example 1

[0072] Preparation of NIP structure perovskite cell with constant temperature encapsulation layer:

[0073] Steps 1 to 5 are the same as those in Comparative Example 1;

[0074] In step 6, the ultra-white glass encapsulation layer is replaced with the composite constant temperature encapsulation layer prepared in Preparatory Example 1, with a hot pressing strength of 0.1 MPa, a temperature of 70° C., an emptying time of 5 min, and a hot pressing time of 15 min.

[0075] Performance Analysis

[0076] The present invention tested the temperature of the NIP-structured perovskite cells prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 under continuous illumination conditions. A platinum-rhodium-platinum thermocouple was used to measure the temperature, and the temperature changes are shown in Figure 2. As can be seen from Figure 2, the introduction of the constant temperature encapsulation layer reduces the light-stable temperature of the perovskite solar cell from 45.3°C to 34.2°C, effectively reducing the operating temperature rise of the cell under daylight.

[0077] Example 2

[0078] Preparation of NIP structure perovskite cell with constant temperature encapsulation layer:

[0079] Steps 1 to 5 are the same as those in Comparative Example 1;

[0080] In step 6, the ultra-white glass encapsulation layer is replaced with the composite constant temperature encapsulation layer prepared in Preparatory Example 2, with a hot pressing strength of 0.1 MPa, a temperature of 70° C., an emptying time of 5 min, and a hot pressing time of 15 min.

[0081] Performance analysis,

[0082] The present invention tested the temperature of the NIP-structured perovskite cells prepared in Comparative Example 1 and Example 2 under continuous illumination conditions, using a platinum-rhodium-platinum thermocouple to measure the temperature. The temperature changes are shown in Figure 3. As can be seen from Figure 3, after the introduction of the constant temperature encapsulation layer, the light-stable temperature of the perovskite solar cell dropped from 45.3°C to 37.8°C, which can effectively reduce the operating temperature rise of the cell under daylight.

[0083] The battery operating temperature can be adjusted according to the phase change material, and changes with the phase change temperature and phase change enthalpy of the phase change material. It is generally 3~8℃ higher than the phase change temperature and is suitable for constant temperature application scenarios such as the side roof of a greenhouse.

[0084] The present invention tests the photoelectric performance parameters of the nip structure perovskite cell prepared in Comparative Example 1, and the test results are shown in Table 1.

[0085] Table 1

[0086] Sample open circuit voltage Voc / V Short circuit current density Jsc / mA·cm-2 Fill factor FF / % Efficiency Eff / % Comparative example 11.142 22.437 8.85 20.20

[0087] Since Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 1 used NIP-structured perovskite cells prepared under the same conditions, their initial photovoltaic performance parameters were essentially identical. However, after 100 hours of continuous irradiation with 1 sun, the efficiency of the cell in Comparative Example 1 dropped to 99.1% of its initial value, while that of the cell in Example 1 reached 99.8% and 99.6% of its initial value, respectively. This indicates that the introduction of the thermostatic encapsulation layer improves the long-term light stability of the perovskite cell.

[0088] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a temperature-stable perovskite solar cell, comprising a composite constant-temperature encapsulation layer; the composite constant-temperature encapsulation layer comprises a first encapsulation layer; a second encapsulation layer; and a low-temperature phase-change material encapsulated within the first and second encapsulation layers. The perovskite solar cell provided by the present invention has a low-temperature phase-change material deposited on the outside of the encapsulation to reduce the cell's operating temperature rise under daylight, allowing the cell to maintain a relatively constant temperature. The cell's operating temperature can be adjusted based on the phase-change material, making the cell suitable for constant-temperature applications such as greenhouse rooftops.

[0089] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A temperature-stable perovskite solar cell, characterized in that: including a composite constant temperature packaging layer; The composite constant temperature packaging layer includes a first packaging layer; a second packaging layer; and a low temperature phase change material encapsulated in the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer.

2. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The low-temperature phase change material is a CaCl2.6H2O-based composite phase change material and / or a Na2SO4.10H2O-based composite phase change material.

3. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: The CaCl2·6H2O-based composite phase change material is selected from a composite of CaCl2·6H2O and porous Al2O3; a composite of CaCl2·6H2O and expanded graphite; or CaCl2·6H2O containing one or more components of nucleating agents SrCl2·6H2O, Ba(OH)2·8H2O, inorganic salts KCl, MgCl2 and NaCl.

4. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: The Na2SO4·10H2O-based composite phase change material is selected from a Na2SO4·10H2O and sodium polyacrylate composite; a Na2SO4·10H2O and expanded graphite composite; or Na2SO4·10H2O containing one or more components of a nucleating agent Na2B4O7·10H2O, a thickening agent polycarboxylic acid, an inorganic salt KCl, MgCl2 and NaCl.

5. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second packaging layer has a groove structure, and the low-temperature phase change material is packaged in the groove structure.

6. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom thickness of the second packaging layer with the groove structure is 0.5-3 mm, and the wall thickness of the groove structure is 1-4 mm.

7. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low temperature phase change material comprises CaCl2·6H2O, a nucleating agent SrCl2·6H2O and expanded graphite; Or include Na2SO4·10H2O and expanded graphite.

8. A method for preparing the temperature-stable perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: The low-temperature phase-change material is encapsulated between the first encapsulation layer and the second encapsulation layer to obtain a composite constant-temperature encapsulation layer.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method also includes sequentially preparing an electron transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a hole transport layer and a metal electrode layer on a substrate, and then covering them with a polyethylene-polyvinyl acetate copolymer film, setting a sealant around them, covering them with a composite constant temperature packaging layer, and hot pressing and packaging to obtain a perovskite solar cell.

10. The preparation method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The intensity of the hot pressing is 0.05-0.3 MPa, the temperature of the hot pressing is 60-140° C., and the time of the hot pressing is 5-15 min.

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