Antenna unit and preparation method therefor, antenna array, and electronic device

Abstract

An antenna unit and a preparation method therefor, an antenna array, and an electronic device. The antenna array comprises at least one antenna unit. The antenna unit comprises: a substrate (2) comprising a first surface and a second surface which are arranged opposite to each other in the thickness direction of the substrate (2); a first radiation patch (3) disposed on the first surface of the substrate (2); feed lines (4) disposed on the first surface of the substrate (2), the feed lines (4) being connected to the first radiation patch (3); and a second radiation patch (5) suspended on the side of the first radiation patch (3) away from the substrate (2), the orthographic projection of the second radiation patch (5) on the substrate (2) overlapping the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch (3) on the substrate (2), and at least one of the first radiation patch (3) and the second radiation patch (5) being provided with an isolation structure.

Description

[Article 26, 03.01.2025] Antenna unit and preparation method thereof, antenna array, and electronic device

[0001] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the Patent Office of China on June 25, 2023, with application number 202310756212.1 and invention name “An antenna unit and its preparation method, antenna array, electronic device”, the contents of which should be understood as incorporated into this application by reference. [Article 26, 03.01.2025] Technical field

[0002] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to, but are not limited to, the field of communication technology, and specifically relate to an antenna unit and a method for preparing the same, an antenna array, and an electronic device. [Article 26, 03.01.2025] Background technology

[0003] [Article 26, March 1, 2025] Antennas are widely used in communications, navigation, radar, and other fields. With the development of electronic devices, antennas are becoming increasingly miniaturized, resulting in increasingly close spacing between antenna structures. This can cause mutual coupling. However, strong mutual coupling can alter the current amplitude and phase distribution in the antenna, leading to poor antenna performance. [Article 26, 03.01.2025] Summary of the invention

[0004] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] The following is a summary of the subject matter described in detail in this disclosure. This summary is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the claims.

[0005] [Article 26, March 1, 2025] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna unit, comprising:

[0006] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] A substrate, comprising a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other along a thickness direction thereof;

[0007] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] A first radiating patch is provided on the first surface of the substrate;

[0008] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] A feed line, disposed on the first surface of the substrate, the feed line being connected to the first radiating patch;

[0009] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] A second radiating patch is suspended and disposed on a side of the first radiating patch away from the substrate, and the orthographic projections of the second radiating patch and the first radiating patch on the substrate overlap;

[0010] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] At least one of the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch is provided with an isolation structure.

[0011] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one second isolation structure is provided on the second radiation patch, and the second isolation structure is a slot-shaped structure or a through-hole structure.

[0012] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the shape of the trough-like structure comprises a U-shape.

[0013] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the shape of the through-hole structure comprises a rectangle.

[0014] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, part or all of the second isolation structure is bent along a direction close to the substrate.

[0015] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the second radiation patch includes at least one corner, and the second isolation structure is disposed in the at least one corner region of the second radiation patch.

[0016] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the second radiation patch is rectangular in shape, and the second isolation structures are respectively provided at four corner regions of the second radiation patch.

[0017] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one raised portion is provided on the second radiation patch, and part or all of the second isolation structure is provided on the raised portion.

[0018] [Article 26 of the detailed rules, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the protrusion is bent in a direction close to the substrate and is arranged obliquely with respect to the second radiation patch.

[0019] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the second radiation patch is polygonal in shape, includes a first side portion and a second side portion located between adjacent first sides, and the protrusion is provided on the first side portion.

[0020] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, a ratio of the first length of the second isolation structure to the second length of the second isolation structure is 0.5 to 2, the first length is a distance characteristic of a fourth direction, the second length is a distance characteristic of a fifth direction, the fourth direction and the fifth direction are both parallel to the substrate, and the fourth direction intersects the fifth direction.

[0021] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the first radiating patch on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the second radiating patch on the substrate.

[0022] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the feed line is integrally connected to the first radiating patch.

[0023] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the feed line on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the second radiation patch on the substrate.

[0024] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the feed line includes a first feed line and a second feed line, and the first feed line and the second feed line are located on the same side of the first radiation patch.

[0025] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one first isolation structure is provided on the first radiation patch, the first isolation structure, the first feed line, and the second feed line are located on the same side of the first radiation patch, and the first isolation structure is located between the first feed line and the second feed line.

[0026] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the first isolation structure comprises a groove-like structure.

[0027] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, a ratio of the third length of the first isolation structure to the fourth length of the first isolation structure is 1 to 4, the third length is a distance characteristic of the second direction, the fourth length is a distance characteristic of the first direction, the first direction and the second direction are both parallel to the substrate, and the first direction intersects the second direction.

[0028] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the distance from the central axis of the first isolation structure to the edge of the first feeder is L1, and the distance from the central axis of the first isolation structure to the edge of the second feeder is L2, and the ratio of L2 to L1 is 3 to 4.

[0029] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the shape of the first radiating patch comprises a rectangle, and at least one corner of the first radiating patch is rounded.

[0030] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one isolation wall is provided on an edge of the base, and the isolation wall protrudes from the first surface of the base.

[0031] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the base includes a first side and a second side arranged opposite to each other, and the isolation walls are respectively arranged at both ends of the first side and the second side; or, the isolation walls are respectively arranged in the middle of the first side and the middle of the second side.

[0032] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, a connection hole is provided in the isolation wall.

[0033] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, a reflective plate is further included, wherein the reflective plate is disposed on the second surface of the substrate, the reflective plate is made of a conductive material, and the reflective plate is grounded.

[0034] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate is a glass substrate.

[0035] [Article 26 of the detailed rules, 03.01.2025] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an antenna array, comprising a plurality of antenna units as described in any one of claims 1 to 25 and a power divider circuit, wherein the power divider circuit comprises a one-to-many equal power divider circuit, wherein the one-to-many equal power divider circuit comprises a main line and a plurality of branch lines, wherein the first ends of the plurality of branch lines are electrically connected to the main line, and the second ends of the plurality of branch lines are connected one-to-one with the feeders of the plurality of antenna units, and the power divider circuit is configured to provide signals of approximately equal power to the plurality of antenna units.

[0036] [Article 26 of the detailed rules, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, three antenna units are included, the power divider circuit includes a one-to-three equal power dividing circuit, the one-to-three equal power dividing circuit includes a main line and three branch lines, the first ends of the three branch lines are connected to the main line, and the second ends of the three branch lines are connected one-to-one with the feed lines of the three antenna units.

[0037] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] In a third aspect, the embodiments of the present disclosure further provide an electronic device comprising the aforementioned antenna unit.

[0038] [Article 26, March 1, 2025] In a fourth aspect, the present disclosure further provides a method for preparing an antenna unit, comprising:

[0039] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] forming a first radiating patch and a feed line on a substrate, wherein the feed line is connected to the first radiating patch;

[0040] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] A second radiation patch is formed on a side of the first radiation patch away from the substrate, the second radiation patch is suspended on the first radiation patch, the second radiation patch overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the substrate, and at least one of the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch is provided with an isolation structure.

[0041] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] Other aspects will become apparent upon reading and understanding the accompanying drawings and detailed description. [Article 26, 03.01.2025] Illustrations

[0042] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] The accompanying drawings are used to provide an understanding of the technical solution of the present application and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present application, they are used to explain the technical solution of the present application and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solution of the present application.

[0043] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] Figure 1a is a top view of an antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0044] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] Figure 1b is a top view of the first radiating patch of the antenna unit in Figure 1a;

[0045] [Article 26 of the Regulations, 03.01.2025] Figure 1c is a top view of the second radiating patch of the antenna unit in Figure 1a;

[0046] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] FIG2 is a top view of another antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] FIG3 is a top view of another antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] FIG4a is a top view of another antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0049] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] Figure 4b is a top view of the first radiating patch of the antenna unit in Figure 4a;

[0050] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0051] [Article 26 of the Regulations, 03.01.2025] Figure 6 is a top view of the antenna unit in Figure 5;

[0052] [Article 26 of the Regulations, 03.01.2025] Figure 7 is a side view of the antenna unit in Figure 5;

[0053] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] Figure 8a is a top view of the first radiating patch of the antenna unit in Figure 5;

[0054] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] Figure 8b is a top view of the second radiating patch of the antenna unit in Figure 5;

[0055] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] Figure 9a is a graph of the standing wave ratios of the first feeder and the second feeder corresponding to the ports of the antenna unit in Figure 5;

[0056] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] Figure 9b is a graph showing the isolation between the first feeder and the second feeder corresponding ports of the antenna unit in Figure 5;

[0057] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] Figure 9c is a graph of the vertical gain and beamwidth of the antenna unit in Figure 5;

[0058] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] Figure 9d is a graph of the horizontal plane gain and beamwidth of the antenna unit in Figure 5;

[0059] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] Figure 9e is a graph of the cross-polarization ratios of the antenna element in Figure 5 on the axial direction and at ±60°;

[0060] [Article 26 of the Regulations, 03.01.2025] Figure 9f is a graph of the front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit in Figure 5;

[0061] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] FIG10 a is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0062] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] Figure 10b is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second radiating patch of the antenna unit in Figure 10a;

[0063] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] FIG11a is a schematic structural diagram of another antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0064] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] Figure 11b is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second radiating patch of the antenna unit in Figure 11a;

[0065] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna array according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0066] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] FIG13a is a first structural diagram of a one-to-three equal power splitting circuit of an antenna array according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0067] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] FIG13 b is a second structural diagram of a one-to-three equal power splitting circuit of an antenna array according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0068] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] Figure 14a is a graph showing the standing wave ratios of the input ports on both sides of the 1to3 antenna array shown in Figure 12;

[0069] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] FIG14b is a graph showing the isolation between the input ports on both sides of the 1to3 antenna array shown in FIG12;

[0070] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] Figure 14c is a graph showing the vertical gain and beamwidth of the 1to3 antenna array shown in Figure 12;

[0071] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] Figure 14d is a graph of the horizontal gain and beamwidth of the 1to3 antenna array shown in Figure 12;

[0072] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] Figure 14e is a graph of the cross-polarization ratio of the 1to3 antenna array shown in Figure 12;

[0073] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] Figure 14f is a graph showing the front-to-back ratio of the 1 to 3 antenna array shown in Figure 12 . [Article 26, 03.01.2025] Specific implementation methods

[0074] [Article 26 of the Rules, 03.01.2025] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure clearer, the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that the embodiments can be implemented in a variety of different forms. A person of ordinary skill in the art can easily understand the fact that the methods and contents can be transformed into various forms without departing from the purpose and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure should not be interpreted as being limited to the contents described in the following embodiments. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments in the present disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other in any way.

[0075] [Article 26, March 1, 2025] In the drawings, the sizes of various components, layer thicknesses, or regions may be exaggerated for clarity. Therefore, one embodiment of the present disclosure is not necessarily limited to these dimensions, and the shapes and sizes of various components in the drawings do not reflect true proportions. Furthermore, the drawings schematically illustrate idealized examples, and one embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to the shapes or numerical values ​​shown in the drawings.

[0076] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] The ordinal numbers such as “first”, “second” and “third” in this specification are provided to avoid confusion among constituent elements and are not intended to limit the number.

[0077] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In this specification, for the sake of convenience, words and phrases indicating orientation or positional relationship, such as "middle," "upper," "lower," "front," "back," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inside," and "outside," are used to illustrate the positional relationship of components with reference to the accompanying drawings. This is only for the convenience of describing this specification and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be understood as limiting the present disclosure. The positional relationship of the components may be appropriately changed according to the direction in which each component is described. Therefore, the words and phrases are not limited to those described in the specification and may be appropriately replaced according to the circumstances.

[0078] [Rule 26, March 1, 2025] In this specification, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed, removable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct connections, indirect connections through an intermediary, or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this disclosure based on the specific circumstances.

[0079] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] In this specification, "parallel" means a state where the angle formed by two straight lines is greater than -10° and less than 10°, and thus includes a state where the angle is greater than -5° and less than 5°. Furthermore, "perpendicular" means a state where the angle formed by two straight lines is greater than 80° and less than 100°, and thus includes a state where the angle is greater than 85° and less than 95°.

[0080] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] “About” in this disclosure means that the limits are not strictly defined and the values ​​are within the range of process and measurement errors.

[0081] [Article 26, March 1, 2025] The present disclosure provides an antenna unit, including:

[0082] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] A substrate, comprising a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite to each other along a thickness direction thereof;

[0083] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] A first radiating patch is provided on the first surface of the substrate;

[0084] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] A feed line, disposed on the first surface of the substrate, the feed line being connected to the first radiating patch;

[0085] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] A second radiating patch is suspended and disposed on a side of the first radiating patch away from the substrate, and the orthographic projections of the second radiating patch and the first radiating patch on the substrate overlap;

[0086] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] At least one of the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch is provided with an isolation structure.

[0087] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] The solution of this embodiment is illustrated below through some examples.

[0088] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] Figure 1a is a top view of an antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 1 , the antenna unit includes a reflector 1 , a substrate 2 , a first radiating patch 3 , a feed line 4 , and a second radiating patch 5 .

[0089] [Rule 26, March 1, 2025] In one exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 1 , substrate 2 may be rectangular in shape. Substrate 2 includes a first surface and a second surface disposed opposite each other along its thickness. A first radiating patch 3 and a feed line 4 are disposed on the first surface of substrate 2 and in contact with the first radiating patch 3 and the feed line 4. A reflector 1 is disposed on the second surface of substrate 2 and in contact with the reflector 1.

[0090] [Article 26 of the detailed rules, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the first radiation patch 3 and the feed line 4 can be formed on the first surface of the substrate 2 by an evaporation process, and the reflector 1 can be obtained on the second surface of the substrate 2 by a metal one-piece molding machining process.

[0091] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate 2 is a glass substrate. For example, the dielectric constant of the glass substrate is 5.5, the dielectric loss tangent of the glass substrate is 0.004, and the thickness of the glass substrate is 0.5 mm.

[0092] [Article 26, March 1, 2025] The antenna units of the disclosed embodiments utilize a glass substrate. This effectively reduces the weight and cost of the antenna units compared to metal oscillators (sheet metal / die-cast), enabling the integration of more antenna units. For example, when the number of antenna units is 192, 256, or 384, the glass substrate can effectively reduce the weight and cost of the antenna units.

[0093] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the antenna unit of the embodiment of the present disclosure can be integrated into a 5G base station to achieve the purpose of energy saving and cost reduction.

[0094] [Rule 26, March 1, 2025] Figure 1b is a top view of the first radiating patch of the antenna unit in Figure 1a. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 1b, the first radiating patch 3 can be rectangular in shape and have a thickness of approximately 1 to 2 microns. The surface of the first radiating patch 3 contacts the first surface of the substrate 2. The orthographic projection of the first radiating patch 3 on the substrate 2 is located within the orthographic projection of the second radiating patch 5 on the substrate 2. The first radiating patch 3 is electrically connected to the feed line 4 and can emit a signal in response to an excitation signal applied by the feed line 4.

[0095] [Rule 26, March 1, 2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the first radiating patch 3 has a rectangular shape, and at least one corner of the first radiating patch 3 is rounded. For example, the first radiating patch 3 includes a first corner 302 and a second corner 303 located opposite the second direction D2. Both the first corner 302 and the second corner 303 may be rounded, as shown in FIG4 .

[0096] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the feed line 4 includes a first feed line 41 and a second feed line 42 , and the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 are both connected to the edge 31 of the first radiation patch 3 .

[0097] [Article 26 of the detailed rules, 03.01.2025] The antenna unit of the embodiment of the present disclosure applies excitation to the antenna unit through the first feed line and the second feed line, and each radiates to produce a polarization of ±45°.

[0098] [Rule 26, March 1, 2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the first end of the first feeder 41 is integrally connected to the first end of the edge portion 31, the second end of the first feeder 41 extends along the second direction D2, and the orthographic projections of the first feeder 41 and the second radiating patch 5 on the substrate do not overlap. Integrally connected means that they are made of the same material and through the same manufacturing process.

[0099] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the first end of the second feed line 42 is connected to the second end of the edge 31 as a whole, the second end of the second feed line 42 extends along the second direction D2, and the second feed line 42 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the second radiation patch 5 on the substrate.

[0100] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the thickness of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 are both approximately equal to the thickness of the first radiating patch 3. For example, the thickness of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 is approximately 1 micron to 2 microns. The length of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 in the first direction D1 is approximately 0.5 mm to 1 mm, and the length of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 in the second direction D2 is approximately 5 mm to 10 mm. The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are both parallel to the plane of the substrate 2, and the first direction D1 intersects the second direction D2. For example, the first direction D1 is perpendicular to the second direction D2.

[0101] [Rule 26, March 1, 2025] Figure 1c is a top view of the second radiating patch of the antenna unit in Figure 1a. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 1c, the second radiating patch 5 can be rectangular in shape and have a thickness of approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm, for example, 2 mm. The second radiating patch 5 is suspended on a side of the first radiating patch 3 away from the substrate 2, with a space provided between the second radiating patch 5 and the first radiating patch 3, and the second radiating patch 5 does not contact the first radiating patch 3. The orthographic projection of the second radiating patch 5 on the substrate 2 covers the orthographic projection of the first radiating patch 3 on the substrate 2, and the orthographic projection of the second radiating patch 5 on the substrate 2 overlaps the orthographic projection of the feed line 4 on the substrate 2.

[0102] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the vertical distance between the surface of the second radiation patch 5 close to the substrate side and the first surface of the substrate 2 is 7.5 mm.

[0103] [Article 26 of the detailed rules, 03.01.2025] The antenna unit of the embodiment of the present disclosure can generate different resonant frequencies through the first radiation patch 3 and the second radiation patch 5, thereby achieving the purpose of widening the bandwidth, so that the antenna unit can achieve broadband.

[0104] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, a support column is provided on the substrate 2, and the support column extends along the third direction D3. The first end of the support column is connected to the first surface of the substrate 2, and the second end of the support column is connected to the second radiation patch 5. The support column is used to support the second radiation patch 5 so that the second radiation patch 5 can be suspended.

[0105] [Article 26 of the detailed rules, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the support column and the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch 3 on the substrate do not overlap.

[0106] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the shape of the second radiation patch 5 can be rectangular, and the second radiation patch 5 includes four corners. The four corner areas of the second radiation patch 5 are all provided with a second isolation structure 72. The shape of the second isolation structure 72 is a "U"-shaped groove structure. The second isolation structure 72 is a groove body formed by the corners of the second radiation patch 5 being recessed toward the inside of the second radiation patch 5.

[0107] [Article 26 of the detailed rules, 03.01.2025] The antenna unit of the embodiment of the present disclosure can change the current path of the second radiation patch through the second isolation structure on the second radiation patch, extend the effective length of the current path, reduce the resonant frequency, and thereby increase the electrical length of the antenna unit, expand the bandwidth of the antenna unit, and reduce the standing wave ratio of the antenna unit.

[0108] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] The antenna unit shown in Figure 1a was simulated and tested. In the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the antenna unit is ≤1.4, the isolation (S12) between the corresponding ports of the first feed line and the second feed line is ≤-17.78 dB, the actual total gain of the antenna unit is ≥7.83 dBi, the vertical surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥66°, the horizontal surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥70°, the axial cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥24.34 dB, the ±60° cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥8.14 dB, and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit is ≥15.08 dB.

[0109] [Article 26, March 1, 2025] Figure 2 is a top view of another antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The antenna unit according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is substantially identical to the antenna unit shown in Figure 1a , except that, as shown in Figure 2 , a partition wall 6 is provided on the base 2 of the antenna unit according to this embodiment.

[0110] [Article 26, March 1, 2025] The antenna units of the disclosed embodiments are separated by a separation wall on the substrate. This, on the one hand, reduces the mutual coupling effect (also known as the coupling effect) between adjacent antenna units, thereby improving isolation between adjacent antenna units. Furthermore, the separation wall can increase the ±60° cross-polarization ratio and front-to-back ratio of the antenna units.

[0111] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one isolation wall 6 is provided on the edge of the substrate 2, and the isolation wall 6 is rectangular in shape. The first end of the isolation wall 6 is connected to the edge of the substrate 2, and the second end of the isolation wall 6 extends in a direction perpendicular to the substrate 2, protruding from the first surface of the substrate 2.

[0112] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate 2 includes a first side 21 and a second side 22 disposed opposite each other, each extending along a second direction D2. First side 21 is provided with first isolation walls 61 at opposite ends of the first side 21 in the second direction D2. The two first isolation walls 61 are disconnected from each other and perpendicular to the first side 21. The thickness of the first isolation walls 61 is 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm, for example, 0.5 mm. Second side 22 is provided with second isolation walls 62 at opposite ends of the second side 22 in the second direction D2. The two second isolation walls 62 are disconnected from each other and perpendicular to the second side 22. The thickness of the second isolation walls 62 is 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm, for example, 0.5 mm.

[0113] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] Taking the first radiation patch 3 having a size of 25mm x 25mm, the vertical distance between the surface of the second radiation patch 5 close to the substrate and the first surface of the substrate 2 being 6.5mm, and the isolation wall 6 having a size of 21.875mm x 7.5mm x 0.5mm as an example, a simulation test is conducted on the antenna unit shown in Figure 2. In the 2.515-2.675GHz frequency band, the standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the antenna unit is ≤1.51, the isolation S12 between the corresponding ports of the first feed line and the second feed line is ≤-18.1dB, the actual total gain of the antenna unit is ≥7.57dBi, the vertical surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥69°, the horizontal surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥73°, the axial cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥20.81dB, the ±60° cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥16.01dB, and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit is ≥23.71dB.

[0114] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] The above simulation results show that the isolation wall can improve the isolation between adjacent antenna units and increase the ±60° cross-polarization ratio and front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit.

[0115] [Article 26, March 1, 2025] Figure 3 is a top view of another antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The antenna unit according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is substantially identical to the antenna unit shown in Figure 1a , except that, as shown in Figure 3 , a partition wall 6 is provided on the base 2 of the antenna unit according to this embodiment.

[0116] [Rule 26, March 1, 2025] In one exemplary embodiment, the base 2 is rectangular and includes a first side 21 and a second side 22 oppositely disposed. The first side 21 and the second side 22 both extend along a second direction D2. The isolation wall 6 is disposed midway between the first side 21 and the second side 22.

[0117] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] Taking the size of the isolation wall 6 as 25mm x 3mm x 0.5 mm as an example, the antenna unit shown in Figure 3 is simulated and tested. In the 2.515-2.675GHz frequency band, the standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the antenna unit is ≤1.48, the isolation S12 between the corresponding ports of the first feed line and the second feed line is ≤-19.31dB, the actual total gain of the antenna unit is ≥7.82dBi, the vertical surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥66°, the horizontal surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥70°, the axial cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥25.37dB, the ±60° cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥10.11dB, and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit is ≥15.49dB.

[0118] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] The above simulation results show that the isolation wall can improve the isolation between adjacent antenna units and increase the ±60° cross-polarization ratio and front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit.

[0119] [Rule 26, March 1, 2025] Figure 4a is a top view of another antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. This antenna unit is substantially identical to the antenna unit shown in Figure 1a , except that, as shown in Figure 4a , two first isolation structures 71 are provided on the first radiating patch 3 of this antenna unit. Both first isolation structures 71 are located between two feed lines 4 and are located on the same side of the first radiating patch 3 as the two feed lines 4.

[0120] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] Figure 4b is a top view of the first radiating patch of the antenna unit in Figure 4a. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 4, the first radiating patch 3 includes a side portion 31 located on one side of the second direction D2. The side portion 31 extends along the first direction D1 and is connected to the feed line 4 at both ends of the side portion 31 in the first direction D1. Two first isolation structures 71 are provided on the side portion 31, and the two first isolation structures 71 are located between the two feed lines 4. The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are both parallel to the plane of the substrate 2, and the first direction D1 intersects the second direction D2. For example, the first direction D1 is perpendicular to the second direction D2.

[0121] [Article 26, March 1, 2025] The antenna unit of the disclosed embodiment utilizes a first isolation structure on the first radiating patch. This structure, on the one hand, alters the current path of the first radiating patch, extending the effective length of the current path and lowering the resonant frequency. This, in turn, increases the electrical length of the antenna unit, broadens the bandwidth of the antenna unit, and reduces the standing wave ratio of the antenna unit. Furthermore, the first isolation structure improves the isolation between the two feed lines 4.

[0122] [Article 26 of the detailed rules, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the first isolation structure 71 is shaped as a "U"-shaped groove structure, and the first isolation structure 71 is a groove body formed by the side portion 31 being recessed in the opposite direction of the second direction D2.

[0123] [Rule 26, March 1, 2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the ratio of the third length of the first isolation structure 71 to the fourth length of the first isolation structure is 1 to 4, where the third length is a characteristic distance in the second direction D2 and the fourth length is a characteristic distance in the first direction D1. For example, the third length of the first isolation structure 71 is 2 mm, and the fourth length of the first isolation structure 71 is 0.5 mm.

[0124] [Article 26 of the detailed rules, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the two first isolation structures 71 on the edge portion 31 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central axis of the first radiation patch 3 in the second direction D2.

[0125] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the feed line 4 includes a first feed line 41 and a second feed line 42 , and the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 are both connected to the edge 31 of the first radiation patch 3 .

[0126] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the distance between the central axis O of the first isolation structure 71 on the side of the edge 31 close to the first feeder 41 and the edge of the first feeder 41 is L1, and the distance between the central axis O of the first isolation structure 71 on the side of the edge 31 close to the first feeder 41 and the edge of the second feeder 42 is L2, and the ratio of L2 to L1 is 3 to 4. For example, L1 is 5.25 mm.

[0127] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] The antenna unit shown in Figure 4a was simulated and tested. In the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the antenna unit was ≤ 1.32, the isolation (S12) between the corresponding ports of the first feed line and the second feed line was ≤ -21.99 dB, the actual total gain of the antenna unit was ≥ 7.8 dBi, the vertical surface wave width of the antenna unit was ≥ 66°, the horizontal surface wave width of the antenna unit was ≥ 70°, the axial cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit was ≥ 33.6 dB, the ±60° cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit was ≥ 8.91 dB, and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit was ≥ 15.31 dB.

[0128] [Article 26 of the detailed rules, 03.01.2025] It can be seen from the above simulation results that the first isolation structure can reduce the standing wave ratio of the antenna and improve the isolation between the first feed line and the second feed line.

[0129] [Article 26, March 1, 2025] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG5 , the antenna unit includes a reflector 1, a substrate 2, a first radiating patch 3, a feed line 4, and a second radiating patch 5.

[0130] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] Figure 6 is a top view of the antenna unit in Figure 5; Figure 7 is a side view of the antenna unit in Figure 5. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, the shape of the substrate 2 can be rectangular. The substrate 2 includes a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other along its thickness direction, the first surface being the surface of the substrate 2 on the side opposite to the third direction D3, and the second surface being the surface of the substrate 2 on the side of the third direction D3. A first radiation patch 3 and a feed line 4 are arranged on the first surface of the substrate 2, and the first surface of the substrate 2 is in contact with the first radiation patch 3 and the feed line 4. A reflector 1 is arranged on the second surface of the substrate 2, and the second surface of the substrate 2 is in contact with the reflector 1. The third direction D3 intersects with the plane where the substrate 2 is located. For example, the third direction D3 is perpendicular to the plane where the substrate 2 is located.

[0131] [Article 26 of the detailed rules, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the first radiation patch 3 and the feed line 4 can be formed on the first surface of the substrate 2 by an evaporation process, and the reflector 1 can be obtained on the second surface of the substrate 2 by a metal one-piece molding machining process.

[0132] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate 2 is a glass substrate. For example, the dielectric constant of the glass substrate is 5.5, the dielectric loss tangent of the glass substrate is 0.004, and the thickness of the glass substrate is 0.5 mm.

[0133] [Article 26, March 1, 2025] The antenna units of the disclosed embodiments utilize a glass substrate. This effectively reduces the weight and cost of the antenna units compared to metal oscillators (sheet metal / die-cast), enabling the integration of more antenna units. For example, when the number of antenna units is 192, 256, or 384, the glass substrate can effectively reduce the weight and cost of the antenna units.

[0134] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the antenna unit of the embodiment of the present disclosure can be integrated into a 5G base station to achieve the purpose of energy saving and cost reduction.

[0135] [Rule 26, March 1, 2025] In one exemplary embodiment, reflector 1 can be rectangular in shape. A surface of reflector 1 contacts the second surface of substrate 2. Reflector 1 can be configured to reflect signals emitted by first radiating patch 3 toward a direction closer to second radiating patch 5, thereby increasing the signal strength of the antenna unit.

[0136] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the reflective plate 1 is made of a conductive material and is grounded.

[0137] [Rule 26, March 1, 2025] Figure 8a is a top view of the first radiating patch of the antenna unit in Figure 5 . In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 8a , the first radiating patch 3 can be rectangular in shape and have a thickness of approximately 1 to 2 microns, for example, 1.2 microns. The surface of the first radiating patch 3 contacts the first surface of the substrate 2 . The orthographic projection of the first radiating patch 3 on the substrate 2 is located within the orthographic projection of the second radiating patch 5 on the substrate 2 . The first radiating patch 3 is electrically connected to the feed line 4 , and can emit a signal in response to an excitation signal applied by the feed line 4 .

[0138] [Rule 26, March 1, 2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the first radiating patch 3 includes a side portion 31 located on one side of the second direction D2. The side portion 31 extends along the first direction D1 and is connected to the feed line 4 at both ends of the side portion 31 in the first direction D1. Two first isolation structures 71 are provided on the side portion 31, and the two first isolation structures 71 are located between the two feed lines 4. The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are both parallel to the plane of the substrate 2, and the first direction D1 intersects the second direction D2. For example, the first direction D1 is perpendicular to the second direction D2.

[0139] [Article 26, March 1, 2025] The antenna unit of the disclosed embodiment utilizes a first isolation structure on the first radiating patch. This structure, on the one hand, alters the current path of the first radiating patch, extending the effective length of the current path and lowering the resonant frequency. This, in turn, increases the electrical length of the antenna unit, broadens the bandwidth of the antenna unit, and reduces the standing wave ratio of the antenna unit. Furthermore, the first isolation structure improves the isolation between the two feed lines 4.

[0140] [Article 26 of the detailed rules, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the first isolation structure 71 is shaped as a "U"-shaped groove structure, and the first isolation structure 71 is a groove body formed by the side portion 31 being recessed in the opposite direction of the second direction D2.

[0141] [Rule 26, March 1, 2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the ratio of the third length of the first isolation structure 71 to the fourth length of the first isolation structure is 1 to 4, where the third length is a characteristic distance in the second direction D2 and the fourth length is a characteristic distance in the first direction D1. For example, the third length of the first isolation structure 71 is 2 mm, and the fourth length of the first isolation structure 71 is 0.5 mm.

[0142] [Article 26 of the detailed rules, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the two first isolation structures 71 on the edge portion 31 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central axis of the first radiation patch 3 in the second direction D2.

[0143] [Rule 26, March 1, 2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the first radiating patch 3 has a rectangular shape, and at least one corner of the first radiating patch 3 is rounded. For example, the first radiating patch 3 includes a first corner 302 and a second corner 303 located opposite the second direction D2. Both the first corner 302 and the second corner 303 may be rounded, as shown in FIG8 .

[0144] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the feed line 4 includes a first feed line 41 and a second feed line 42 , and the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 are both connected to the edge 31 of the first radiation patch 3 .

[0145] [Article 26 of the detailed rules, 03.01.2025] The antenna unit of the embodiment of the present disclosure applies excitation to the antenna unit through the first feed line and the second feed line, and each radiates to produce a polarization of ±45°.

[0146] [Rule 26, March 1, 2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the first end of the first feeder 41 is integrally connected to the first end of the edge portion 31, the second end of the first feeder 41 extends along the second direction D2, and the orthographic projections of the first feeder 41 and the second radiating patch 5 on the substrate do not overlap. Integrally connected means that they are made of the same material and through the same manufacturing process.

[0147] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the first end of the second feed line 42 is connected to the second end of the edge 31 as a whole, the second end of the second feed line 42 extends along the second direction D2, and the second feed line 42 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the second radiation patch 5 on the substrate.

[0148] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the thickness of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 is approximately equal to the thickness of the first radiating patch 3. For example, the thickness of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 is approximately 1 micron to 2 microns. The length of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 in the first direction D1 is approximately 0.5 mm to 1 mm, and the length of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 in the second direction D2 is approximately 5 mm to 10 mm.

[0149] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the distance between the central axis O of the first isolation structure 71 on the side of the edge 31 close to the first feeder 41 and the edge of the first feeder 41 is L1, and the distance between the central axis O of the first isolation structure 71 on the side of the edge 31 close to the first feeder 41 and the edge of the second feeder 42 is L2, and the ratio of L2 to L1 is 3 to 4. For example, L1 is 5.25 mm.

[0150] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one isolation wall 6 is provided on the edge of the substrate 2, and the isolation wall 6 is rectangular in shape. A first end of the isolation wall 6 is connected to the edge of the substrate 2, and a second end of the isolation wall 6 extends along a third direction D3, protruding from the first surface of the substrate 2.

[0151] [Article 26, March 1, 2025] The antenna units of the disclosed embodiments are separated by a separation wall on the substrate. This, on the one hand, reduces the mutual coupling effect (also known as the coupling effect) between adjacent antenna units, thereby improving isolation between adjacent antenna units. Furthermore, the separation wall can increase the ±60° cross-polarization ratio and front-to-back ratio of the antenna units.

[0152] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate 2 includes a first side 21 and a second side 22 disposed opposite each other, each extending along a second direction D2. First side 21 is provided with first isolation walls 61 at opposite ends of the first side 21 in the second direction D2. The two first isolation walls 61 are disconnected from each other and perpendicular to the first side 21. The thickness of the first isolation walls 61 is 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm, for example, 0.5 mm. Second side 22 is provided with second isolation walls 62 at opposite ends of the second side 22 in the second direction D2. The two second isolation walls 62 are disconnected from each other and perpendicular to the second side 22. The thickness of the second isolation walls 62 is 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm, for example, 0.5 mm.

[0153] [Article 26 of the detailed rules, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the reflector 1, the first radiation patch 3, the feed line 4 and the second radiation patch 5 can all be made of metal materials. For example, the reflector 1, the first radiation patch 3, the feed line 4 and the second radiation patch 5 can all include but are not limited to metals such as copper, aluminum or alloys, so that the resistance of the reflector 1, the first radiation patch 3, the feed line 4 and the second radiation patch 5 is low and the sensitivity of the transmitted signal is high.

[0154] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] In some embodiments, the reflector 1, the substrate 2, the first radiation patch 3, the feed line 4 and the second radiation patch 5 may also adopt other shapes. For example, the shapes of the reflector 1, the substrate 2, the first radiation patch 3, the feed line 4 and the second radiation patch 5 may include but are not limited to one of the shapes such as circle, triangle, and fan.

[0155] [Rule 26, March 1, 2025] Figure 8b is a top view of the second radiating patch of the antenna unit in Figure 5 . In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 8b , the second radiating patch 5 can be rectangular in shape and have a thickness of approximately 0.5 mm to 3 mm, for example, 2 mm. The second radiating patch 5 is suspended above the first radiating patch 3 on a side away from the substrate 2, with a space provided between the second radiating patch 5 and the first radiating patch 3. The second radiating patch 5's orthographic projection on the substrate 2 overlaps the orthographic projection of the first radiating patch 3 on the substrate 2.

[0156] [Article 26 of the detailed rules, 03.01.2025] The antenna of the embodiment of the present disclosure can generate different resonant frequencies through the first radiation patch 3 and the second radiation patch 5, thereby achieving the purpose of widening the bandwidth, so that the antenna can achieve broadband.

[0157] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, a support column is provided on the substrate 2, and the support column extends along the third direction D3. The first end of the support column is connected to the first surface of the substrate 2, and the second end of the support column is connected to the second radiation patch 5. The support column is used to support the second radiation patch 5 so that the second radiation patch 5 can be suspended.

[0158] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the vertical distance between the surface of the second radiation patch 5 close to the substrate side and the first surface of the substrate 2 is 6.5 mm.

[0159] [Article 26 of the detailed rules, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the support column and the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch 3 on the substrate do not overlap.

[0160] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the shape of the second radiation patch 5 can be rectangular, and the second radiation patch 5 includes four corners. The four corner areas of the second radiation patch 5 are all provided with a second isolation structure 72. The shape of the second isolation structure 72 is a "U"-shaped groove structure. The second isolation structure 72 is a groove body formed by the corners of the second radiation patch 5 being recessed toward the inside of the second radiation patch 5.

[0161] [Article 26 of the detailed rules, 03.01.2025] The antenna of the embodiment of the present disclosure can change the current path of the second radiating patch through the second isolation structure on the second radiating patch, extend the effective length of the current path, reduce the resonant frequency, and thereby increase the electrical length of the antenna, expand the bandwidth of the antenna, and reduce the standing wave ratio of the antenna.

[0162] [Rule 26, March 1, 2025] In an exemplary embodiment, a ratio between a first length L4 of the second isolation structure 72 and a second length L5 of the second isolation structure 72 is 0.5 to 2. For example, the first length L4 is 6 mm and the second length L5 is 5 mm. The first length L4 is a characteristic distance in a fourth direction D4, and the second length L5 is a characteristic distance in a fifth direction D5. Both the fourth direction D4 and the fifth direction D5 are parallel to the substrate, and the fourth direction D4 intersects the fifth direction D5. For example, the fourth direction D4 is perpendicular to the fifth direction D5.

[0163] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] FIG9f shows the simulation results of the antenna unit shown in FIG5, taking the following as an example: the size of the substrate is 68.75 mm x 56.25 mm, the size of the first radiation patch is 24.7 mm x 24.7 mm, the size of the first feed line and the second feed line are both 7 mm x 0.82 mm, the size of the second radiation patch is 45 mm x 45 mm, the distance between the second radiation patch and the first surface of the substrate is 6.5 mm, the size of the isolation wall is 14.375 mm x 7.5 mm, the size of the first isolation structure on the first radiation patch is 2 mm x 0.5 mm, the size of the second isolation structure on the second radiation patch is 6 mm x 5 mm, and the error of the above dimensions is ±0.2-±0.5 mm. The specific explanation is as follows:

[0164] [Article 26, March 1, 2025] Figure 9a is a graph showing the standing wave ratio (VSWR) at the corresponding ports of the first and second feeder lines of the antenna unit in Figure 5. The abscissa of Figure 9a represents the frequency band, and the ordinate represents the standing wave ratio (VSWR) at the corresponding ports of the first and second feeder lines. As shown in Figure 9a, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the VSWR at the corresponding ports of the first and second feeder lines of the antenna unit is ≤ 1.42.

[0165] [Article 26, March 1, 2025] Figure 9b is a graph showing the isolation between the corresponding ports of the first and second feeder lines of the antenna unit in Figure 5. The abscissa of Figure 9b represents the frequency band, and the ordinate represents the isolation between the corresponding ports of the first and second feeder lines. As shown in Figure 9b, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the isolation S12 between the corresponding ports of the first and second feeder lines of the antenna unit is ≤ -26.03 dB.

[0166] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, March 1, 2025] Figure 9c is a graph of the vertical gain and beamwidth of the antenna element in Figure 5 for single-port excitation. The vertical plane is the XOZ plane in the radiation coordinate system of Figure 5. The abscissa of Figure 9c represents the theta value, where theta is the angle with respect to the Z axis in the radiation coordinate system of Figure 5. The ordinate of Figure 9c represents the realized total gain of the antenna element. As shown in Figure 9c, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the realized total gain of the antenna element is ≥7.7 dBi, and the vertical beamwidth of the antenna element is ≥68°.

[0167] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, March 1, 2025] Figure 9d is a graph of the horizontal gain and beamwidth for the antenna unit in Figure 5 with single-port excitation. The horizontal plane is the XOY plane in the radiation coordinate system of Figure 5. The abscissa of Figure 9d represents the phi value, where phi is the angle with respect to the X-axis in the radiation coordinate system of Figure 5. The ordinate of Figure 9d represents the realized total gain of the antenna unit. As shown in Figure 9d, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the realized total gain of the antenna unit is ≥ 7.7 dBi, and the horizontal beamwidth is ≥ 72°.

[0168] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, March 1, 2025] Figure 9e is a graph of the cross-polarization ratio for the antenna element in Figure 5 when excited by a single port. The cross-polarization ratio is the difference between the main polarization and the cross-polarization. The abscissa of Figure 9d is the phi value, and the ordinate is the cross-polarization ratio. As shown in Figure 9e, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the antenna element's axial cross-polarization ratio is ≥ 24.01 dB, and the ±60° cross-polarization ratio is ≥ 14.36 dB.

[0169] [Article 26, March 1, 2025] Figure 9f is a graph of the front-to-back ratio for the antenna element in Figure 5 when excited by a single port. The abscissa of Figure 9f represents the phi value, and the ordinate represents the main polarization or cross-polarization of the antenna element. The front-to-back ratio is the worst value of the main polarization and cross-polarization within a range of 180° ± 30°, with the direction opposite to the antenna element normal being 180°. As shown in Figure 9f, the front-to-back ratio of the antenna element is ≥ 22.1 dB in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band.

[0170] [Article 26 of the detailed rules, 03.01.2025] It can be seen from the above simulation results that the antenna unit of the embodiment of the present disclosure can improve the standing wave characteristics of the antenna unit and the isolation between the feeders through the first isolation structure and the second isolation structure. The isolation wall can increase the ±60° cross-polarization ratio and front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit, and reduce the mutual coupling between adjacent antenna unit groups.

[0171] [Rule 26, March 1, 2025] In some embodiments, the thickness of the second radiating patch can be reduced, and the area of ​​the second radiating patch's orthographic projection on the substrate can be increased. This can reduce the weight of the second radiating patch while ensuring impedance matching of the antenna unit, thereby reducing the weight of the antenna unit. For example, the dimensions of the second radiating patch can be adjusted from 45mm x 45mm x 2mm to 46.5mm x 46.5mm x 0.5mm, so that the orthographic projection of the feed line on the substrate lies within the orthographic projection of the second radiating patch on the substrate, thereby reducing the weight of the second radiating patch.

[0172] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, March 1, 2025] Figure 10a is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The antenna unit according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is substantially identical to the antenna unit shown in Figure 5 , except that, as shown in Figure 10a , at least one raised portion 51 is provided on the second radiating patch 5 of the antenna unit according to this embodiment. The raised portion 51 is bent in a direction approaching the substrate 2 and is disposed at an angle relative to the second radiating patch 5. A second isolation structure 72 is provided on the raised portion 51. The second isolation structure 72 is in the form of a U-shaped groove. The second isolation structure 72 bends along the raised portion 51 in a direction approaching the substrate 2 and is disposed at an angle relative to the second radiating patch 5.

[0173] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] Figure 10b is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second radiating patch of the antenna unit in Figure 10a. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 13a and 13b, the second radiating patch 5 is octagonal in shape and includes four first sides and four second sides. The first sides and the second sides overlap along the circumference of the second radiating patch, with one second side disposed between adjacent first sides. Raised portions 51 are disposed on each of the four first sides. Each raised portion 51 is pentagonal in shape and includes a corner located away from the first side. Second isolation structures 72 are disposed in the corner regions of the raised portions 51. The second isolation structures 72 bend along the raised portions 51 toward the substrate 2 and are disposed at an angle relative to the second radiating patch 5.

[0174] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] Taking the length L3 of the second radiation patch 5 in the second direction D2 as 35 mm as an example, a simulation test is performed on the antenna unit. In the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the standing wave ratio VSWR of the antenna unit is ≤1.45, the isolation S12 between the corresponding ports of the first feed line and the second feed line is ≤-27.10 dB, the actual total gain of the antenna unit is ≥7.11 dBi, the vertical surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥73°, the horizontal surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥78°, the axial cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥21.81 dB, the ±60° cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥19.18 dB, and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit is ≥22.28 dB.

[0175] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In some embodiments, the second radiation patch may also be other polygons, such as a pentagon, a hexagon, a heptagon, a decagon, etc.

[0176] [Article 26, March 1, 2025] Figure 11a is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. The antenna unit according to the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is substantially identical to the antenna unit shown in Figure 5 , except that, as shown in Figure 14a , at least one raised portion 51 is provided on the second radiating patch 5 of the antenna unit according to this embodiment. The raised portion 51 is inclined toward the substrate 2 and is disposed at an angle relative to the second radiating patch 5. A second isolation structure 72 is provided on the raised portion 51. The second isolation structure 72 is in the form of a rectangular through-hole structure.

[0177] [Rule 26, March 1, 2025] Figure 11b is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second radiating patch of the antenna unit in Figure 11a. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 14a and 14b, the second radiating patch 5 is octagonal in shape and includes four first sides and four second sides. The first sides and second sides overlap along the circumference of the second radiating patch, with one second side disposed between adjacent first sides. A pentagonal protrusion 51 is disposed on each of the four first sides. The second isolation structure 72 includes a first end, a middle portion, and a second end connected in sequence. The first end of the second isolation structure 72 is disposed on the protrusion 51 and is inclined relative to the protrusion 51 in a direction closer to the substrate 2. The middle portion and the second end of the second isolation structure 72 are disposed on the second radiating patch 5.

[0178] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] Taking the length L3 of the second radiation patch 5 in the second direction D2 as 35 mm as an example, a simulation test is performed on the antenna unit. In the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the standing wave ratio VSWR of the antenna unit is ≤1.39, the isolation S12 between the corresponding ports of the first feed line and the second feed line is ≤-28.5 dB, the actual total gain of the antenna unit is ≥7.26 dBi, the vertical surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥72°, the horizontal surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥77°, the axial cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥23.21 dB, the ±60° cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥17.05 dB, and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit is ≥21.73 dB.

[0179] [Article 26, March 1, 2025] The present disclosure also provides a method for preparing an antenna unit, including:

[0180] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] forming a first radiating patch and a feed line on a substrate, wherein the feed line is connected to the first radiating patch;

[0181] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] A second radiation patch is formed on the side of the first radiation patch away from the substrate, the second radiation patch is suspended on the first radiation patch, the second radiation patch overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the substrate, and the second radiation patch is provided with at least one second isolation structure.

[0182] [Rule 26, March 1, 2025] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna array according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 12 illustrates that the antenna array includes three antenna elements. In some embodiments, the antenna array may include other numbers of antenna elements, such as one, two, or four.

[0183] [Rule 26, March 1, 2025] In one exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG12 , the antenna array of the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first antenna element 11, a second antenna element 12, a third antenna element 13, and a power divider circuit 20. The first antenna element 11, the second antenna element 12, and the third antenna element 13 are arranged sequentially along a second direction D2 to form an antenna element row. The power divider circuit 20 includes a first one-to-three power divider circuit 201 and a second one-to-three power divider circuit 202. The first one-to-three power divider circuit 201 and the second one-to-three power divider circuit 202 are located on opposite sides of the antenna element row. The first one-to-three power divider circuit 201 is electrically connected to the first feeder lines of the first antenna element 11, the second antenna element 12, and the third antenna element 13, respectively. The second one-to-three power divider circuit 201 is electrically connected to the second feeder lines of the first antenna element 11, the second antenna element 12, and the third antenna element 13, respectively. The power divider circuit 20 is configured to provide a signal of approximately equal power to each antenna element in the antenna element row, wherein the power divider circuit 20 forms a 1 to 3 antenna array with the first antenna element 11, the second antenna element 12, and the third antenna element 13.

[0184] [Article 26, March 1, 2025] Figure 13a is a schematic diagram of the structure of a one-to-three power splitting circuit for an antenna array according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In one exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 13a, the one-to-three power splitting circuit is a two-stage power splitting circuit. The one-to-three power splitting circuit includes a main line 81, a first connecting line 91, a second connecting line 92, a third connecting line 93, a fourth connecting line 94, a fifth connecting line 95, a first branch line 82, a second branch line 83, and a third branch line 84.

[0185] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the main structure of the main line 81 extends along the first direction D1, the first ends of the main line 81 are connected to the first ends of the first connecting line 91 and the second connecting line 92, and the second ends of the main line 81 extend along the first direction D1.

[0186] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the first connecting line 91 extends along the second direction D2, the first end of the first connecting line 91 is connected to the first end of the main line 81, and the second end of the first connecting line 91 extends along the second direction D2 and is connected to the first end of the third connecting line 93.

[0187] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the third connecting line 93 is L-shaped, a first end of the third connecting line 93 is connected to the second end of the first connecting line 91 , and a second end of the third connecting line 93 is connected to the first end of the first branch line 82 .

[0188] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the first branch line 82 extends along the first direction D1, the first end of the first branch line 82 is connected to the second end of the third connecting line 93, and the second end of the first branch line 82 extends in the opposite direction of the first direction D1 and is connected to the first feeder line of the third antenna unit 13.

[0189] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the second connecting line 92 is L-shaped, a first end of the second connecting line 92 is connected to a first end of the main line 81, and a second end of the second connecting line 92 is connected to a first end of a fourth connecting line 94 and a first end of a fifth connecting line 95, respectively.

[0190] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the fourth connecting line 94 extends along the second direction D2, the first end of the fourth connecting line 94 is connected to the second end of the second connecting line 92, and the second end of the fourth connecting line 94 extends along the second direction D2 and is connected to the first end of the second branch line 83.

[0191] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the second branch line 83 extends along the first direction D1, the first end of the second branch line 83 is connected to the second end of the fourth connecting line 94, and the second end of the second branch line 83 extends in the opposite direction of the first direction D1 and is connected to the first feeder line of the second antenna unit 12.

[0192] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the fifth connecting line 95 extends along the second direction D2, the first end of the fifth connecting line 95 is connected to the second end of the second connecting line 92, and the second end of the fifth connecting line 95 extends in the opposite direction of the second direction D2 and is connected to the first end of the third branch line 84.

[0193] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the third branch line 84 extends along the first direction D1, the first end of the third branch line 84 is connected to the second end of the fifth connecting line 95, and the second end of the third branch line 84 extends in the opposite direction of the first direction D1 and is connected to the first feeder line of the first antenna unit 11.

[0194] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the first connecting line 91 includes a first connecting segment i, a second connecting segment j and a third connecting segment k connected in sequence; the first end of the first connecting segment i is connected to the main line 81, the second end of the first connecting segment i is connected to the first end of the second connecting segment j, and the second end of the second connecting segment j is connected to the third connecting segment k.

[0195] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the second connecting line 92 includes a fourth connecting segment b, a fifth connecting segment c and a sixth connecting segment d connected in sequence, a first end of the fourth connecting segment b is connected to the main line 81, a second end of the fourth connecting segment b is connected to the first end of the fifth connecting segment c, and a second end of the fifth connecting segment c is connected to the sixth connecting segment d.

[0196] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the power of the first connecting line 91 is P1, the power of the second connecting line 92 is P2, P1:P2=1:2, and the impedance of the main line 81 is Z a , the impedance of the first connection segment i is Z i , the impedance of the second connection segment j is Z j , the impedance of the fourth connection segment b is Z b , the impedance of the fifth connection segment c is Z c ,in, where k 2 =0.5.

[0197] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the fourth connecting line 94 includes a seventh connecting segment g and an eighth connecting segment h connected in sequence, the first end of the seventh connecting segment g is connected to the second end of the second connecting line 92, the second end of the seventh connecting segment g is connected to the first end of the eighth connecting segment h, and the second end of the eighth connecting segment h is connected to the second branch line 83.

[0198] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the fifth connecting line 95 includes a ninth connecting segment e and a tenth connecting segment f connected in sequence, wherein the first end of the ninth connecting segment e is connected to the second end of the second connecting line 92, the second end of the ninth connecting segment e is connected to the first end of the tenth connecting segment f, and the second end of the tenth connecting segment f is connected to the first branch line 81.

[0199] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the impedance of the ninth connecting segment e is Z e , the impedance of the tenth connection segment f is Z f ,

[0200] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the impedance of the seventh connecting segment g is Z g , the impedance of the eighth connection segment h is Z h ,

[0201] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the impedance Z of the main line 81 a is 50Ω, the impedance Z of the first connection segment i i is 103Ω, the impedance Z of the second connection segment j j is 59.5Ω, the impedance Z of the third connection segment k k is 50Ω, the impedance of the fourth connection segment b is Z b The impedance Z of the fifth connection segment c is 51.6Ω. c The impedance Z of the sixth connection segment d is 42.1Ω. d is 50Ω, and the impedance of the seventh connection segment g is Z g The impedance Z of the eighth connection segment h is 70.7Ω. h The impedance Z of the ninth connection segment e is 70.7Ω. e The impedance Z of the tenth connection segment f is 70.7Ω. f is 50Ω.

[0202] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the length of the fourth connecting segment b, the fifth connecting segment c, the ninth connecting segment e, the seventh connecting segment g, the first connecting segment i and the second connecting segment j is ∼λ / 4.

[0203] [Article 26 of the detailed rules, 03.01.2025] The antenna array shown in Figure 12 was simulated and tested. When the thickness of the power splitting circuit was 1.2μm, the standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the antenna array was less than 1.07, and the insertion loss was 0.36-0.84dB. When the thickness of the power splitting circuit was 12μm, the insertion loss of the antenna array was 0.19-0.47dB.

[0204] [Article 26, March 1, 2025] Figure 13b is a second schematic diagram of the structure of a one-to-three power splitting circuit for an antenna array according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In one exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 13b , the one-to-three power splitting circuit is a first-stage power splitting circuit. The one-to-three power splitting circuit includes a main line 81, a first connecting line 91, a second connecting line 92, a third connecting line 93, a fourth connecting line 94, a first branch line 82, a second branch line 83, and a third branch line 84.

[0205] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the main structure of the main line 81 extends along the first direction D1, the first ends of the main line 81 are connected to the first ends of the first connecting line 91, the second connecting line 92 and the third connecting line 93, and the second ends of the main line 81 extend along the first direction D1.

[0206] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the first connecting line 91 extends along the second direction D2, the first end of the first connecting line 91 is connected to the first end of the main line 81, and the second end of the first connecting line 91 extends along the second direction D2 and is connected to the first end of the first branch line 82.

[0207] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the first branch line 82 extends along the first direction D1, the first end of the first branch line 82 is connected to the second end of the first connecting line 91, and the second end of the first branch line 82 extends in the opposite direction of the first direction D1 and is connected to the first feeder line of the third antenna unit 13.

[0208] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the second connecting line 92 extends along the second direction D2, the first end of the second connecting line 92 is connected to the first end of the main line 81, and the second end of the second connecting line 92 extends in the opposite direction along the second direction D2 and is connected to the first end of the third branch line 84.

[0209] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the third branch line 84 extends along the first direction D1, the first end of the third branch line 84 is connected to the second end of the second connecting line 92, and the second end of the third branch line 84 extends in the opposite direction of the first direction D1 and is connected to the first feeder line of the first antenna unit 11.

[0210] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the third connecting line 93 is L-shaped, a first end of the third connecting line 93 is connected to a first end of the main line 81 , and a second end of the third connecting line 93 is connected to a first end of the fourth connecting line 94 .

[0211] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the fourth connecting line 94 is L-shaped, a first end of the fourth connecting line 94 is connected to the second end of the third connecting line 93 , and a second end of the fourth connecting line 94 is connected to the first end of the second branch line 83 .

[0212] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the second branch line 83 extends along the first direction D1, the first end of the second branch line 83 is connected to the second end of the fourth connecting line 94, and the second end of the second branch line 83 extends in the opposite direction of the first direction D1 and is connected to the first feeder line of the second antenna unit 12.

[0213] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the first connecting line 91 includes a first connecting segment i, a second connecting segment j, and a third connecting segment k connected in sequence; the first end of the first connecting segment i is connected to the main line 81, the second end of the first connecting segment i is connected to the first end of the second connecting segment j, and the second end of the second connecting segment j is connected to the third connecting segment k. The first end of the fourth connecting segment b is connected to the main line 81, the second end of the fourth connecting segment b is connected to the first end of the fifth connecting segment c, and the second end of the fifth connecting segment c is connected to the sixth connecting segment d. The impedance of the main line 81 is Z a , the impedance of the fourth connection segment b is Z b , the impedance of the fifth connection segment c is Z c , the impedance of the sixth connection segment d is Z d ,in, For example, the impedance Z of the main line 81 is a is 50Ω, the impedance of the fourth connection segment b is Z b is 103Ω, the impedance Z of the fifth connection segment c is c is 59.5Ω, the impedance Z of the sixth connection segment d is d is 50Ω.

[0214] [Article 26, March 1, 2025] In an exemplary embodiment, a connection hole 61 is provided in the isolation wall 6. Connection hole 61 allows the power splitter circuit to pass through and connect to the feeder. For example, the main line 81 of the one-to-three power splitting circuit is the input feeder, which passes through connection hole 61 and connects to the feeder.

[0215] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, the length of the connecting hole 61 in the second direction D2 may be 5 mm or 10 mm.

[0216] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] Figures 14a to 14f show simulation results of the 1to3 antenna array shown in Figure 12, taking the following as an example: the size of the substrate is 68.75mm x 56.25mm, the size of the first radiation patch is 25mm x 25mm, the size of the first feed line and the second feed line are both 7mm x 0.82mm, the size of the second radiation patch is 45mm x 45mm, the distance between the second radiation patch and the first surface of the substrate is 6.5mm, the size of the isolation wall is 16.857mm x 7.5mm, the length of the connection hole 61 in the second direction D2 is 5mm, the size of the first isolation structure on the first radiation patch is 2mm x 0.5mm, the size of the second isolation structure on the second radiation patch is 6mm x 5mm, and the error of the above dimensions is ±0.2-±0.5mm. The specific explanation is as follows:

[0217] [Article 26, March 1, 2025] Figure 14a is a graph showing the VSWR at the input ports of the 1-to-3 antenna array shown in Figure 12. The abscissa of Figure 14a represents the frequency band, and the ordinate represents the VSWR at the input ports. As shown in Figure 14a, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the VSWR at the input ports of the 1-to-3 antenna array is ≤ 1.48.

[0218] [Article 26, March 1, 2025] Figure 14b is a graph showing the isolation between the input ports on both sides of the 1-to-3 antenna array shown in Figure 12. The abscissa of Figure 14b represents the frequency band, and the ordinate represents the isolation between the input ports on both sides. As shown in Figure 14b, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the isolation S12 between the input ports on both sides of the 1-to-3 antenna array is ≤ -25.77 dB.

[0219] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, March 1, 2025] Figure 14c is a graph of the vertical gain and beamwidth of the 1-to-3 antenna array shown in Figure 12 for single-port excitation. The vertical plane is the XOZ plane in the radiation coordinate system of Figure 14. The abscissa of Figure 14c represents the theta value, where theta is the angle with respect to the Z axis in the radiation coordinate system of Figure 14. The ordinate of Figure 14c represents the realized total gain of the 1-to-3 antenna array. As shown in Figure 14c, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the realized total gain of the 1-to-3 antenna array is ≥10.45 dBi, and the vertical beamwidth of the 1-to-3 antenna array is ≥26°.

[0220] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, March 1, 2025] Figure 14d is a graph of the horizontal gain and beamwidth for the 1-to-3 antenna array shown in Figure 12 with single-port excitation. The horizontal plane is the XOY plane in the radiation coordinate system of Figure 14. The abscissa of Figure 14d is the phi value, where phi is the angle with the X-axis in the radiation coordinate system of Figure 14. The ordinate of Figure 14d is the realized total gain of the 1-to-3 antenna array. As shown in Figure 14d, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the realized total gain of the 1-to-3 antenna array is ≥10.45 dBi, and the horizontal beamwidth is ≥73°.

[0221] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, March 1, 2025] Figure 14e is a graph of the cross-polarization ratio for the single-port excitation of the 1-to-3 antenna array shown in Figure 12. The cross-polarization ratio is the difference between the main polarization and the cross-polarization. The abscissa of Figure 14d is the phi value, and the ordinate is the cross-polarization ratio. As shown in Figure 14e, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the axial cross-polarization ratio of the 1-to-3 antenna array is ≥ 23.66 dB, and the ±60° cross-polarization ratio is ≥ 14.71 dB.

[0222] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, March 1, 2025] Figure 14f is a graph of the front-to-back ratio for the single-port excitation of the 1to3 antenna array shown in Figure 12. The abscissa of Figure 14f represents the phi value, and the ordinate represents the main polarization or cross-polarization of the 1to3 antenna array. The front-to-back ratio is the worst value of the main polarization and cross-polarization within a range of 180° ± 30°, with the direction opposite to the normal direction of the 1to3 antenna array being 180°. As shown in Figure 14f, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the front-to-back ratio of the 1to3 antenna array is ≥ 19.1 dB.

[0223] [Detailed Rule 26, 03.01.2025] An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, comprising any of the above-mentioned antenna units. This embodiment of the application does not impose any particular limitation on the specific form of the above-mentioned electronic device.

[0224] [Rule 26, 03.01.2025] In an exemplary embodiment, electronic devices may include, but are not limited to, radars, mobile phones, tablet computers, televisions, laptop computers, navigation devices, and other products.

[0225] [Article 26, 03.01.2025] The drawings in this disclosure only relate to the structures involved in this disclosure. Other structures may refer to conventional designs. Unless there is a conflict, the embodiments of this disclosure, that is, the features in the embodiments, may be combined with each other to form new embodiments.

[0226] [Article 26 of the Detailed Rules, 03.01.2025] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions of the present disclosure may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present disclosure, and all such modifications should be included in the scope of the claims of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. An antenna unit, comprising: A substrate, comprising a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other along a thickness direction thereof; A first radiation patch, disposed on a first surface of the substrate; A feed line, disposed on the first surface of the substrate, the feed line being connected to the first radiation patch; A second radiation patch is suspended and arranged on a side of the first radiation patch away from the substrate, and the second radiation patch overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the substrate; At least one of the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch is provided with an isolation structure.

2. The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein: At least one second isolation structure is disposed on the second radiation patch, and the second isolation structure is a slot-shaped structure or a through-hole structure.

3. The antenna unit according to claim 2, wherein: The shape of the groove-like structure includes a U-shape.

4. The antenna unit according to claim 2, wherein: The shape of the through hole structure includes a rectangle.

5. The antenna unit according to claim 2, wherein: Part or all of the second isolation structure is bent along a direction approaching the substrate.

6. The antenna unit according to claim 2, wherein: The second radiation patch includes at least one corner, and the second isolation structure is disposed in the at least one corner region of the second radiation patch.

7. The antenna unit according to claim 6, wherein: The second radiation patch is in a rectangular shape, and the second isolation structures are respectively arranged at four corner regions of the second radiation patch.

8. The antenna unit according to claim 2, wherein: At least one protrusion is disposed on the second radiation patch, and part or all of the second isolation structure is disposed on the protrusion.

9. The antenna unit according to claim 8, wherein: The protrusion is bent along a direction close to the substrate and is arranged obliquely with respect to the second radiation patch.

10. The antenna unit according to claim 9, wherein: The second radiation patch is in a polygonal shape and includes a first side portion and a second side portion located between adjacent first side portions, and the protrusion is arranged on the first side portion.

11. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 2 to 10, wherein: The ratio of the first length of the second isolation structure to the second length of the second isolation structure is 0.5 to 2, the first length is a distance characteristic in the fourth direction, the second length is a distance characteristic in the fifth direction, the fourth direction and the fifth direction are both parallel to the substrate, and the fourth direction intersects the fifth direction.

12. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein: The orthographic projection of the first radiating patch on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the second radiating patch on the substrate.

13. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein: The feed line is connected to the first radiation patch as a whole.

14. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein: The orthographic projection of the feed line on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the second radiation patch on the substrate.

15. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein: The feed line includes a first feed line and a second feed line, and the first feed line and the second feed line are located on the same side of the first radiation patch.

16. The antenna unit according to claim 15, wherein: At least one first isolation structure is disposed on the first radiation patch. The first isolation structure, the first feed line and the second feed line are located on the same side of the first radiation patch, and the first isolation structure is located between the first feed line and the second feed line.

17. The antenna unit according to claim 16, wherein: The first isolation structure includes a groove-shaped structure.

18. The antenna unit according to claim 17, wherein: The ratio of the third length of the first isolation structure to the fourth length of the first isolation structure is 1 to 4, the third length is a distance characteristic in the second direction, the fourth length is a distance characteristic in the first direction, the first direction and the second direction are both parallel to the substrate, and the first direction intersects with the second direction.

19. The antenna unit according to claim 17, wherein: The distance from the central axis of the first isolation structure to the edge of the first feeder line is L1, and the distance from the central axis of the first isolation structure to the edge of the second feeder line is L2, and the ratio of L2 to L1 is 3 to 4.

20. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein: The shape of the first radiation patch includes a rectangle, and at least one corner of the first radiation patch is rounded.

21. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein: At least one isolation wall is arranged on the edge of the base, and the isolation wall protrudes from the first surface of the base.

22. The antenna unit according to claim 21, wherein: The substrate includes a first side and a second side that are arranged opposite to each other, and the isolation walls are respectively arranged at both ends of the first side and at both ends of the second side; or, the isolation walls are respectively arranged in the middle of the first side and in the middle of the second side.

23. The antenna unit according to claim 21, wherein: The isolation wall is provided with a connection hole.

24. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising a reflection plate, wherein the reflection plate is arranged on the second surface of the substrate, the reflection plate is made of a conductive material, and the reflection plate is grounded.

25. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein: The substrate is a glass substrate.

26. An antenna array, comprising a plurality of antenna units as described in any one of claims 1 to 25 and a power divider circuit, the power divider circuit comprising a one-to-many equal power dividing circuit, the one-to-many equal power dividing circuit comprising a main line and a plurality of branch lines, the first ends of the plurality of branch lines are electrically connected to the main line, the second ends of the plurality of branch lines are connected one-to-one with the feed lines of a plurality of antenna units, and the power divider circuit is configured to provide signals of approximately equal power to the plurality of antenna units.

27. The antenna array according to claim 26 comprises three antenna units, the power divider circuit comprises a one-to-three equal power dividing circuit, the one-to-three equal power dividing circuit comprises a main line and three branch lines, the first ends of the three branch lines are all connected to the main line, and the second ends of the three branch lines are connected one-to-one with the feed lines of the three antenna units.

28. An electronic device, comprising the antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 25.

29. A method for preparing an antenna unit, comprising: forming a first radiation patch and a feed line on a substrate, wherein the feed line is connected to the first radiation patch; A second radiation patch is formed on a side of the first radiation patch away from the substrate. The second radiation patch is suspended on the first radiation patch. The second radiation patch overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the substrate. At least one of the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch is provided with an isolation structure.

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