LIGHT DETECTOR CHIP, LIGHT EMITTER CHIP, AND LiDAR
By integrating anti-reflection structures into the non-pixel areas of light detector and emitter chips, the reflectivity and detection accuracy issues in LiDAR systems are addressed, effectively reducing ghost image formation.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/106350
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-07-19
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-23
AI Technical Summary
The high reflectivity of light detector chips in LiDAR systems reduces detection accuracy by reflecting signal light back into the environment, leading to issues like double range ghost images.
The introduction of anti-reflection structures, such as absorption layers and deflection structures, in the non-pixel areas of light detector chips and emitter chips to reduce reflectivity and improve detection accuracy.
The implementation of anti-reflection structures effectively reduces the reflectivity of light detector and emitter chips, enhancing the detection accuracy of LiDAR systems by minimizing ghost image formation.
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Figure CN2024106350_23012025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
LIGHT DETECTOR CHIP, LIGHT EMITTER CHIP, AND LiDAR
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202310891199.0, filed on July 19, 2023, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0003] This disclosure relates to the technical field of LiDARs and, in particular, to light detector chips, light emitter chips, and LiDARs.BACKGROUND
[0004] A light detector chip is used for reception and detection analysis of signal light in a LiDAR system. Under a situation, the light detector chip can receive the signal light reflected from an object (e.g., obstacle, target object, or the like) to the LiDAR, and perform subsequent detection analysis on the received signal light. In some applications, the light detector chip can have certain reflectivity to the signal light. Part of the signal light reflected from the environment can be reflected to the environment by the light detector chip.
[0005] The signal light reflected to the environment by the light detector chip can reduce the detection accuracy of the LiDAR, and is not beneficial to detection of the LiDAR. In such a case, how to provide an improved technical solution to reduce the reflectivity of the light detector chip has become a challenge.SUMMARY
[0006] This disclosure provides light detector chips, light emitter chips, and LiDARs. In some embodiments, the reflectivity to incident light can be reduced and the detection accuracy can be improved.
[0007] In a first aspect, this disclosure provides a light detector chip. The light detector chip includes a first end surface, a first body, and a first anti-reflection structure. The first end surface is configured to receive incident light and includes a pixel area and a non-pixel area. The first body includes a pixel body area and a non-pixel body area. A light-receiving surface of the pixel body area is distributed in the pixel area of the first end surface. A light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area is distributed in the non-pixel area of the first end surface. The first anti-reflection structure is disposed in the non-pixel area of the first end surface, at least partially covers the light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area. The first anti-reflection structure is configured to reduce the reflectivity of the non-pixel body area to incident light.
[0008] Optionally, the first anti-reflection structure includes a first absorption layer. The first absorption layer configured to absorb light in a target wavelength range.
[0009] Optionally, the first absorption layer includes a photosensitive substrate.
[0010] Optionally, the first absorption layer further includes a black dye. The black dye is distributed in the photosensitive substrate.
[0011] Optionally, the first anti-reflection structure includes a first deflection structure. The first deflection structure is configured to deflect light incident thereon.
[0012] Optionally, the non-pixel body area includes a metal filling structure. The first deflection structure is configured to enable at least part of the light incident thereon to pass through the gap of the metal filling structure.
[0013] Optionally, the first deflection structure is configured to change the wavefront shape of the light incident thereon.
[0014] Optionally, the first deflection structure includes a micro-nano optical structure.
[0015] Optionally, the micro-nano optical structure includes multiple micro-nano optical units. The arrangement of the micro-nano optical units includes at least one of a periodic arrangement or a random arrangement.
[0016] Optionally, the periodic arrangement includes at least one of uniform periodic arrangement or non-uniform periodic arrangement.
[0017] Optionally, the multiple micro-nano optical units have a same size or different sizes.
[0018] Optionally, the micro-nano optical structure includes at least one of a microlens array structure, a metasurface structure, a Fresnel zone plate structure, a conical structure, or a grating structure.
[0019] Optionally, the first deflection structure is configured to reflect the light incident thereon directionally.
[0020] Optionally, the first anti-reflection structure further includes an anti-reflection layer. The anti-reflection layer is disposed in the non-pixel area of the first end surface and configured to reduce the reflectivity of the light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area to the light in the target wavelength range.
[0021] Optionally, the anti-reflection layer is configured to reduce the sensitivity of the reflectivity of the light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area to an incident angle of light.
[0022] Optionally, the anti-reflection layer includes a membrane system structure. The membrane system structure includes multiple anti-reflection sub-layers.
[0023] Optionally, the pixel body area includes multiple light detector units. The light-sensitive surfaces of the multiple light detector units are distributed in the pixel area of the first end surface. The first anti-reflection structure is disposed in the pixel area, at least partially covers the area between the light-sensitive surfaces of the multiple light detector units. The first anti-reflection structure is configured to reduce the reflectivity of the pixel body area to incident light.
[0024] Optionally, the pixel body area includes multiple light detector units. The light-sensitive surfaces of the multiple light detector are distributed in the pixel area of the first end surface.
[0025] Optionally, the first anti-reflection structure further includes a second deflection structure. The second deflection structure is disposed in the pixel area and at least partially covers the light-sensitive surfaces of the multiple light detector units.
[0026] Optionally, the second deflection structure is configured to increase the absorption rate of the first body to light.
[0027] Optionally, the second deflection structure is configured to change the wavefront shape of the light incident to the second deflection structure.
[0028] Optionally, the second deflection structure includes a micro-nano optical structure.
[0029] Optionally, the micro-nano optical structure includes multiple micro-nano optical units. The micro-nano optical unit includes at least one of a periodic arrangement or a random arrangement.
[0030] Optionally, the periodic arrangement includes at least one of uniform periodic arrangement or non-uniform periodic arrangement.
[0031] Optionally, the multiple micro-nano optical units have a same size or different sizes.
[0032] Optionally, the micro-nano optical structure includes at least one of a microlens array structure, a metasurface structure, a Fresnel zone plate structure, a conical structure, or a grating structure.
[0033] Optionally, the pixel body area includes multiple light detector units. The light-sensitive surfaces of the light detector units are distributed in the pixel area of the first end surface. The light detector unit includes at least one of a single photon avalanche diode ( "SPAD" ) , a silicon photomultiplier ( "SiPM" ) , or an avalanche photo diode ( "APD" ) .
[0034] In a second aspect, this disclosure provides a light emitter chip. The light emitter chip includes a second end surface, a second body, and a second anti-reflection structure. The second end surface is configured to emit detection light and includes an emitting area and a non-emitting area. The second body includes an emitter area and a non-emitter area. The light-receiving surface of the emitter area is distributed in the emitting area of the second end surface. The light-receiving surface of the non-emitter area is distributed in the non-emitting area of the second end surface. The second anti-reflection structure is disposed in the non-emitting area of the second end surface, at least partially covers the light-receiving surface of the non-emitter area, and is configured to reduce the reflectivity of the non-emitter area to light.
[0035] Optionally, the second anti-reflection structure includes a second absorption layer. The second absorption layer is configured to absorb light in a target wavelength range.
[0036] Optionally, the second absorption layer includes a photosensitive substrate.
[0037] Optionally, the second absorption layer includes a black dye distributed in the photosensitive substrate.
[0038] Optionally, the emitter area includes multiple light emitter units. The light-emitting surfaces of the light emitter units are distributed in the emitting area of the second end surface.
[0039] The second anti-reflection structure is disposed in the emitting area, at least partially covers the area between the light-emitting surfaces of the multiple light emitter units, and is configured to reduce the reflectivity of the emitter area to incident light.
[0040] In a third aspect, this disclosure provides a LiDAR. The LiDAR includes a laser, a detector, and a processor. The laser is configured to transmit a detection signal in a target wavelength range to the environment. The detector is configured to receive an echo signal returned after the detection signal is reflected by an object. The processor is configured to determine distance information of the external object based on the detection signal and the echo signal. Optionally, the detector includes the light detector chip described in any of the above embodiments. Optionally, the laser includes the light emitter chip described in any of the above embodiments.
[0041] Optionally, the LiDAR further includes a housing and an absorber. The absorber is disposed inside the housing.
[0042] Optionally, the absorber is configured to absorb the echo signal or detection signal reflected by the detector to the inside of the housing.
[0043] Optionally, the absorber is configured to absorb the echo signal or detection signal reflected by the laser to the inside of the housing.
[0044] In a fourth aspect, this disclosure provides a terminal device comprises a LiDAR described in the third aspect and a connector. The connector is configured to connect the LiDAR and the terminal device.
[0045] Optionally, the terminal device includes a car, a drone or a robot.
[0046] In a fifth aspect, this disclosure provides a chip for light detector. The chip for light detector includes a first end surface, a first body, and a first anti-reflection structure. The first end surface is configured to receive incident light and includes a pixel area and a non-pixel area. The first body includes a pixel body area and a non-pixel body area. A light-receiving surface of the pixel body area is distributed in the pixel area of the first end surface. A light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area is distributed in the non-pixel area of the first end surface. The first anti-reflection structure is disposed in the non-pixel area of the first end surface, at least partially covers the light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area.
[0047] Optionally, the first anti-reflection structure includes a first absorption layer. The first absorption layer configured to absorb light in a target wavelength range.
[0048] Optionally, the first absorption layer includes a photosensitive substrate.
[0049] Optionally, the first absorption layer further includes a black dye. The black dye is distributed in the photosensitive substrate.
[0050] Optionally, the first anti-reflection structure includes a first deflection structure. The first deflection structure is configured to deflect light incident on the first deflection structure.
[0051] Optionally, the non-pixel body area includes a metal filling structure. The first deflection structure is configured to enable at least part of the light incident on the first deflection structure to pass through a gap of the metal filling structure.
[0052] Optionally, the first deflection structure is configured to change a wavefront shape of the light incident on the first deflection structure.
[0053] Optionally, the first deflection structure includes a micro-nano optical structure.
[0054] Optionally, the micro-nano optical structure includes multiple micro-nano optical units. The multiple micro-nano optical units includes at least one of a periodic arrangement or a random arrangement.
[0055] Optionally, the periodic arrangement includes at least one of a uniform periodic arrangement or a non-uniform periodic arrangement.
[0056] Optionally, the multiple micro-nano optical units have a same size or different sizes.
[0057] Optionally, the micro-nano optical structure includes at least one of a microlens array structure, a metasurface structure, a Fresnel zone plate structure, a conical structure, or a grating structure.
[0058] Optionally, the first deflection structure is configured to reflect the light incident on the first deflection structure directionally.
[0059] Optionally, the first anti-reflection structure further includes an anti-reflection layer. The anti-reflection layer is disposed in the non-pixel area of the first end surface and configured to reduce reflectivity of the light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area to the light in the target wavelength range.
[0060] Optionally, the anti-reflection layer is configured to reduce sensitivity of reflectivity of the light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area to an incident angle of light.
[0061] Optionally, the anti-reflection layer includes a membrane system structure. The membrane system structure includes multiple anti-reflection sub-layers.
[0062] Optionally, the pixel body area includes multiple light detector units. Light-sensitive surfaces of the multiple light detector units are distributed in the pixel area of the first end surface. The first anti-reflection structure is disposed in the pixel area, at least partially covers the area between the light-sensitive surfaces of the multiple light detector units. The first anti-reflection structure is configured to reduce reflectivity of the pixel body area to incident light.
[0063] Optionally, the pixel body area includes multiple light detector units. The light-sensitive surfaces of the multiple light detector are distributed in the pixel area of the first end surface.
[0064] Optionally, the first anti-reflection structure further includes a second deflection structure. The second deflection structure is disposed in the pixel area and at least partially covers the light-sensitive surfaces of the multiple light detector units.
[0065] Optionally, the second deflection structure is configured to increase an absorption rate of the first body to light.
[0066] Optionally, the second deflection structure is configured to change the wavefront shape of the light incident to the second deflection structure.
[0067] Optionally, the second deflection structure includes a micro-nano optical structure.
[0068] Optionally, the micro-nano optical structure includes multiple micro-nano optical units. The micro-nano optical unit includes at least one of a periodic arrangement or a random arrangement.
[0069] Optionally, the periodic arrangement includes at least one of a uniform periodic arrangement or a non-uniform periodic arrangement.
[0070] Optionally, the multiple micro-nano optical units have a same size or different sizes.
[0071] Optionally, the micro-nano optical structure includes at least one of a microlens array structure, a metasurface structure, a Fresnel zone plate structure, a conical structure, or a grating structure.
[0072] Optionally, the pixel body area includes multiple light detector units. The light-sensitive surfaces of the light detector units are distributed in the pixel area of the first end surface. The multiple light detector units include at least one of a single photon avalanche diode ( "SPAD" ) , a silicon photomultiplier ( "SiPM" ) , or an avalanche photo diode ( "APD" ) .
[0073] In a sixth aspect, this disclosure provides a chip for light emitter. The chip for light emitter includes a second end surface, a second body, and a second anti-reflection structure. The second end surface is configured to emit detection light and includes an emitting area and a non-emitting area. The second body includes an emitter area and a non-emitter area. A light-receiving surface of the emitter area is distributed in the emitting area of the second end surface. A light-receiving surface of the non-emitter area is distributed in the non-emitting area of the second end surface. The second anti-reflection structure is disposed in the non-emitting area of the second end surface, at least partially covers the light-receiving surface of the non-emitter area, and is configured to reduce reflectivity of the non-emitter area to light.
[0074] Optionally, the second anti-reflection structure includes a second absorption layer. The second absorption layer is configured to absorb light in a target wavelength range.
[0075] Optionally, the second absorption layer includes a photosensitive substrate.
[0076] Optionally, the second absorption layer includes a black dye distributed in the photosensitive substrate.
[0077] Optionally, the emitter area includes multiple light emitter units. Light-emitting surfaces of the light emitter units are distributed in the emitting area of the second end surface.
[0078] Optionally, the second anti-reflection structure is disposed in the emitting area, at least partially covers the area between the light-emitting surfaces of the multiple light emitter units, and is configured to reduce reflectivity of the emitter area to incident light.
[0079] In a seventh aspect, this disclosure provides a LiDAR. The LiDAR includes a laser, a detector, and a processor. The laser is configured to transmit a detection signal in a target wavelength range to an environment. The detector is configured to receive an echo signal returned after the detection signal is reflected by an object. The processor is configured to determine a distance of the external object based on the detection signal and the echo signal.
[0080] Optionally, the detector includes a first chip. The first chip includes a first end surface, a first body, and a first anti-reflection structure. The first end surface is configured to receive incident light and includes a pixel area and a non-pixel area. The first body includes a pixel body area and a non-pixel body area. A light-receiving surface of the pixel body area is distributed in the pixel area of the first end surface. A light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area is distributed in the non-pixel area of the first end surface. The first anti-reflection structure is disposed in the non-pixel area of the first end surface, at least partially covers the light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area.
[0081] Optionally, the emitter includes a second chip. The second chip includes a second end surface, a second body, and a second anti-reflection structure. The second end surface is configured to emit detection light and includes an emitting area and a non-emitting area. The second body includes an emitter area and a non-emitter area. A light-receiving surface of the emitter area is distributed in the emitting area of the second end surface. A light-receiving surface of the non-emitter area is distributed in the non-emitting area of the second end surface. The second anti-reflection structure is disposed in the non-emitting area of the second end surface, at least partially covers the light-receiving surface of the non-emitter area, and is configured to reduce reflectivity of the non-emitter area to light.
[0082] Optionally, the LiDAR further includes a housing and an absorber. The absorber is disposed inside the housing.
[0083] Optionally, the absorber is configured to absorb the echo signal or detection signal reflected by the detector to the inside of the housing.
[0084] Optionally, the absorber is configured to absorb the echo signal or detection signal reflected by the laser to the inside of the housing.
[0085] In the light detector chip + provided in this disclosure, the first anti-reflection structure is disposed in the non-pixel area of the first end surface and at least partially covers the light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area of the first body. The first anti-reflection structure can reduce the reflectivity of the light incident to the coverage area thereof to reduce the amount of reflection of the coverage area thereof to incident light. In such a case, the reflectivity of the non-pixel body area to light can be reduced to reduce the reflectivity of the light detector chip to incident light.
[0086] In some embodiments, the first anti-reflection structure can include a first absorption layer configured to absorb light in a target wavelength range. When the incident light is incident to the area covered by the first absorption layer or reflected to the outside through the area covered by the first absorption layer, the incident light can be absorbed by the first absorption layer located on the incident or reflection path thereof. In such a case, the light passing through the coverage area thereof can be absorbed. The first absorption layer can reduce the amount of reflection of the coverage area thereof to incident light. The reflectivity of the non-pixel body area to light to reduce the reflectivity of the light detector chip to incident light can be reduced. because the first absorption layer is disposed in the non-pixel area of the first end surface, the first absorption layer can also reduce the influence of water, vapor, dirt, or the other factors in the working environment on the light detector chip, which is beneficial for improving the reliability of the light detector chip.
[0087] In some embodiments, the first absorption layer can include a photosensitive substrate. The photosensitive substrate can be directly manufactured and integrated on the surface of the light detector chip through a semiconductor process. The process difficulty can be reduced, and the implementation is more accessible.
[0088] In some embodiments, the black dye has a light absorption property. The absorption rate of the first absorption layer to light can be improved through the black dye distributed in the photosensitive substrate. The reflectivity of the non-pixel body area to light can be reduced to reduce the reflectivity of the light detector chip to incident light.
[0089] In some embodiments, through the first deflection structure, at least part of the light incident thereon passes through the gap of the metal filling structure in the non-pixel body area. This part of the light can propagate in the non-pixel body area. The absorption rate of the non-pixel body area to incident light can be increased by increasing the optical path of incident light in the non-pixel body area, and the probability of the incident light being directly reflected by the metal filling structure is also reduced. The reflectivity of the non-pixel area to incident light can be reduced to reduce the reflectivity of the light detector chip to incident light. The first deflection structure can change the wavefront shape of the light incident thereon to control the reflection direction of reflected light, thereby reducing the amount of light within an original reflection angle range of reflected light in the non-pixel area. The ratio of the amount of light reflected to the original reflection angle range from the non-pixel area to the amount of incident light can be reduced. In such a case, the reflectivity of the non-pixel area to incident light in a certain direction can be reduced.
[0090] In some embodiments, the first deflection structure can be set as a micro-nano optical structure. The first deflection structure can deflect the incident light in the coverage area thereof at nano-micro levels. In such a case, the accuracy and reliability of a detecting result can be improved.
[0091] In some embodiments, through multiple micro-nano optical units, the light incident to different positions in the non-pixel area can be changed uniformly or independently to realize control of smaller scales in the non-pixel area. In such a case, the optical properties of the micro-nano optical structure can be optimized, and the accuracy and changeability of the micro-nano optical structure can be improved.
[0092] In some embodiments, the periodically arranged multiple micro-nano optical units facilitate mass production, and the optical response of the periodically arranged multiple micro-nano optical units has the characteristics of periodicity and regularity. Parameters such as periods and shapes of the periodically arranged multiple micro-nano optical can be changed. In such a case, propagation and absorption of light in a target wavelength range in the non-pixel body area can be modulated selectively to change the reflectivity of the non-pixel body area to incident light. The optical response of randomly arranged multiple micro-nano optical units has nonlinear characteristics. In such a case, the wavelength range of light absorbed by the non-pixel body area can be increased. The absorption rate of the non-pixel body area to incident light can be improved to reduce the reflectivity of the non-pixel body area to incident light.
[0093] In some embodiments, first deflection structure can be used to reflect the light incident thereon directionally. In such a case, the amount of light reflected to the original reflection angle range from the non-pixel area can be reduced. The ratio of the amount of light reflected to the original reflection angle range from the non-pixel area to the amount of incident light can be reduced. The reflectivity of the non-pixel area to incident light in a certain direction can be reduced.
[0094] In some embodiments, the anti-reflection layer can be disposed in the non-pixel area of the first end surface. In such a case, the transmittivity of incident light in a target wavelength range can be increased. More incident light can interact with other anti-reflection structures in the first anti-reflection structure to reduce the reflectivity of the coverage area thereof to the light in the target wavelength range.
[0095] In some embodiments, the anti-reflection layer can reduce the sensitivity of the reflectivity of the light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area to an incident angle of light to increase a critical value of the incident angle entering the non-pixel area. In such a case, the transmittivity of light at different incident angles can be increased to reduce the reflectivity of the non-pixel body area to incident light.
[0096] In the light detector chip provided in this disclosure, the second anti-reflection structure can be disposed in the non-emitting area of the second end surface and at least partially covers the light-receiving surface of the non-emitter area of the second body. The second anti-reflection structure can perform anti-reflection processing on detection light incident to the coverage area thereof to reduce the amount of reflection of the coverage area thereof to detection light. The reflectivity of the non-emitter area to light can be reduced to reduce the reflectivity of the light emitter chip to incident light.
[0097] The LiDAR provided in this disclosure can include a laser, a detector, and a processor. The detector can include the light detector chip in any one of the embodiments to reduce the reflectivity of the detector to an echo signal to reduce the interference caused by reflection of the echo signal. In such a case, the detection accuracy of the LiDAR can be improved. In some embodiments, the laser can include the light emitter chip in any one of the embodiments to reduce the reflectivity of the laser to a detection signal to reduce the interference caused by reflection in a propagation process of the detection signal. In such a case, the detection accuracy of the LiDAR can be improved.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0098] To describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification more clearly, the drawings to be used in the description of the embodiments of this specification or the existing techniques are introduced below. Apparently, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this specification. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without making creative work.
[0099] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an example double range ghost image.
[0100] FIG. 2A shows a schematic structural diagram of a first example light detector chip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0101] FIG. 2B shows a top view of the structure of the first example light detector chip shown in FIG. 2A, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0102] FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a second example light detector chip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0103] FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a distribution mode of an example metal filling structure, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0104] FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a distribution mode of an example light detection light-sensitive array, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0105] FIG. 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of a third example light detector chip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0106] FIG. 7 shows a schematic structural diagram of a fourth example light detector chip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0107] FIG. 8A shows a schematic diagram of an example propagation path of incident light when a non-pixel area is not provided with a microlens array structure, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0108] FIG. 8B shows a schematic diagram of an example propagation path of incident light when a non-pixel area is provided with a microlens array structure, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0109] FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B show schematic structural diagrams of a fifth and a sixth light detector chip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0110] FIG. 10A to FIG. 10C show schematic structural diagrams of a seventh, an eighth, and a ninth light detector chip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0111] FIG. 11 shows a schematic structural diagram of a tenth example light detector chip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0112] FIG. 12 shows a schematic structural diagram of an eleventh example light detector chip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0113] FIG. 13A shows a schematic diagram of an example propagation path of incident light when an example pixel area is not provided with a microlens array structure, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0114] FIG. 13B shows a schematic diagram of an example propagation path of incident light when an example pixel area is provided with a microlens array structure, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0115] FIG. 14 shows a schematic diagram of another example double range ghost image.
[0116] FIG. 15A shows a schematic structural diagram of a twelfth example light emitter chip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0117] FIG. 15B shows a top view of the structure of the twelfth example light emitter chip shown in FIG. 15A.
[0118] FIG. 16 shows a top view of a thirteenth example light emitter chip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0119] FIG. 17 shows a schematic structural diagram of an example LiDAR, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0120] In some situations, a light detector chip can have certain reflectivity to signal light. Part of the signal light reflected from the environment can be reflected to the environment by the light detector chip. The signal light reflected to the environment by the light detector chip can reduce the detection accuracy of a LiDAR. Detection of the LiDAR can be affected. For example, when the reflectivity of the light detector chip is too high, the amount of signal light received by the light detector chip can be too small. In such a case, less detection samples and lower detection accuracy can be resulted in. For another example, when the signal light reflected to the environment by the light detector chip is reflected to the light detector chip again by an object and is absorbed by the light detector chip, multiple range ghost images can be formed. In such a case, the detection accuracy can be reduced.
[0121] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an example double range ghost image. With reference to FIG. 1, a LiDAR L0 includes a transmitting end L01 and a receiving end L02. The transmitting end L01 transmits a detection signal S1. The detection signal S1 is reflected by an object C0 to form an echo signal H1. The echo signal H1 is received by a light detector chip of the receiving end L02. Because the surface of the light detector chip is close to a flat surface, when strong mirror reflection occurs on the surface of the light detector chip, part of echo signal H2 is reflected by the light detector chip and reaches the object C0 again to form an echo signal H3. The echo signal H3 is detected by the light detector chip of the receiving end L02 again. The time of flight ( "TOF" ) of the echo signal H3 can be approximately twice that of the echo signal H1. In such a case, a double range ghost image can appear at twice the actual distance of the object C0 in detection results. The detection accuracy of the LiDAR can be reduced. In such a case, how to provide an improved technical solution to reduce the reflectivity of the light detector chip has become a challenge.
[0122] FIG. 2A shows a schematic structural diagram of a first example light detector chip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. FIG. 2B shows a top view of the structure of the first example light detector chip shown in FIG. 2A, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. In some situation, different positions of the light detector chip can have different reflectivity based on different structures and materials. For example, with reference to FIGs. 2A and 2B, a light detector chip 10 includes a first end surface D1, a pixel body area 11, and a non-pixel body area 12. A light detection light-sensitive array 111 is arranged in the pixel body area 11. The light detection light-sensitive array 111 can receive and detect signal light. A dummy metal ( "DM" ) array structure 121 is arranged in the non-pixel body area 12. The DM array structure 121 can improve the feasibility of chip design in physical, manufacturing and process requirements, or the like. The DM array structure 121 is disposed at the periphery of the pixel body area 11. The first end surface D1 includes a pixel area D11 and a non-pixel area D12. The light-receiving surface of the pixel body area 11 is distributed in the pixel area D11. The light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area 12 is distributed in the non-pixel area D12. The light detection light-sensitive array 111 in the pixel body area 11 has a high absorption rate to the light incident to the light-receiving surface thereof. In such a case, the pixel body area 11 can have low reflectivity to light. A metal material that forms the DM array structure 121 can have a low absorption rate to light. In such a case, the non-pixel body area D12 can have high reflectivity to light. The light incident to the non-pixel body area can be not detected and utilized by the light detector chip. Reducing the reflectivity of the non-pixel body area to light can be beneficial to reduce the reflectivity of the light detector chip.
[0123] This disclosure provides a light detector chip. A first anti-reflection structure is disposed in the non-pixel area. The first anti-reflection structure at least partially covers the light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area. The first anti-reflection structure can reduce the reflection of the light incident to the light-receiving surface to reduce the reflectivity of the non-pixel body area to light. In such a case, the reflectivity of the light detector chip to light can be reduced, and the detection accuracy can be improved.
[0124] FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a second example light detector chip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. In some embodiments, with reference to FIG. 3, the light detector chip can include a first end surface, a first body, and a first anti-reflection structure 23.The first end surface can receive incident light and include a pixel area D11 and a non-pixel area D12. The first body include a pixel body area 21 and a non-pixel area 22. The light-receiving surface of the pixel body area 21 is distributed in the pixel area D11. The light-receiving surface of the non-pixel area 22 is distributed in the non-pixel area D12. The first anti-reflection structure 23 is disposed in the non-pixel area D12. The first anti-reflection structure 23 at least partially covers the light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area 22. The first anti-reflection structure 23 can reduce the reflectivity of the non-pixel body area 22 to incident light.
[0125] In some embodiments, the first anti-reflection structure can be disposed in the non-pixel area of the first end surface and at least partially cover the light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area of the first body. The first anti-reflection structure can reduce the reflection of the light incident to the coverage area thereof to reduce the amount of reflection of the coverage area thereof to incident light. The reflectivity of the non-pixel body area to light can be reduced to reduce the reflectivity of the light detector chip to incident light.
[0126] In some embodiments, the non-pixel body area can include a metal filling structure. The metal filling structure can include multiple metal filling units distributed at intervals.
[0127] FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a distribution mode of an example metal filling structure, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. In some embodiments, with reference to FIG. 4, multiple metal filling units 221e in the metal filling structure 221 are distributed in a three-dimensional stacked manner in the non-pixel body area 22. For example, the multiple metal filling units 221e can be spaced apart along X-axis or Y-axis directions and can also be spaced apart in a stacked manner along a Z-axis direction. When the incident light is incident to the light-receiving surfaces of the metal filling units distributed in the non-pixel area D12, the incident light can be reflected.
[0128] In some embodiments, the pixel body area can include a light detection light-sensitive array. The light detection light-sensitive array can include multiple light detector units. The light- sensitive surfaces of the multiple light detector units can be distributed in the pixel area of the first end surface.
[0129] FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a distribution mode of an example light detection light-sensitive array, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. In some embodiments, with reference to FIG. 5, the light detection light-sensitive array 211 is disposed in the pixel body area 21. Multiple light detector units 211e included in the light detection light-sensitive array 211 are distributed in a periodic array on the light-sensitive surface of the pixel area D11. When the incident light is incident to the light-sensitive surface of the light detector unit in the pixel area, the incident light can enter the pixel body area and propagate, and the incident light can be absorbed by the pixel body area.
[0130] In some embodiments, the type of the light detector unit can be selected based on situations. For example, the light detector unit can include one or more of a single photon avalanche diode ( "SPAD" ) , a silicon photomultiplier ( "SiPM" ) , or an avalanche photo diode ( "APD" ) .
[0131] In some embodiments, the reflectivity of the non-pixel body area to incident light can be reduced by using multiple first anti-reflection structures.
[0132] In some embodiments, the first anti-reflection layer can include a first absorption layer. The first absorption layer can absorb light in a target wavelength range. Considering micro-nano-level application scenarios, the first absorption layer can include a photosensitive substrate. For example, the photosensitive substrate can be a resin substrate. The resin substrate is similar to a photoresist and can be manufactured and integrated on the surface of a light detector chip through a semiconductor process. The process difficulty can be reduced. The implementation can be more accessible. Different types of resin substrates can be used based on different use scenarios. For example, when used in the field of a LiDAR, considering that the example wavelength range of the detection light of the LiDAR is 900-1000 nm, the resin substrate can be one or more of a photosensitive resin substrate or an infrared absorption resin substrate, and the photosensitive resin substrate or the infrared absorption resin substrate can effectively absorb the light in the target wavelength range.
[0133] In some embodiments, the first absorption layer can further include a black dye distributed in the photosensitive substrate. The black dye can effectively absorb visible light and improve the absorption rate of the first absorption layer to light. In such a case, the reflectivity of the non-pixel body area to light can be reduced.
[0134] In some embodiments, the black dye can include one or more of a black organic dye (e.g., a black perylene-based dye or a black fluorene-based dye) or a black inorganic dye (e.g., nano-carbon black) .
[0135] FIG. 6 shows a schematic structural diagram of a third example light detector chip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. In some embodiments, with reference to FIG. 6, a light detector chip 20 includes a first end surface, a first body, and a first anti-reflection structure. The first end surface can receive incident light, and the first end surface includes a pixel area D11 and a non-pixel area D12. The first body includes a pixel body area 21 and a non-pixel body area 22. The light-receiving surface of the pixel body area 21 is distributed in the pixel area D11. The light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area 22 is distributed in the non-pixel area D12. The first anti-reflection structure is disposed in the non-pixel area D12 and covers the light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area 22. The first anti-reflection structure includes a first absorption layer 231. The first absorption layer 231 includes a resin substrate and a black inorganic dye distributed in the resin substrate.
[0136] In some embodiments, the first anti-reflection structure can include a first absorption layer. The first absorption layer can absorb light in a target wavelength range. When the incident light is incident to the area covered by the first absorption layer or reflected to the environment through the area covered by the first absorption layer, the incident light can be absorbed by the first absorption layer located on the incident or reflection path thereof. By doing so, the first absorption layer can reduce the amount of reflection of the coverage area thereof to incident light. The reflectivity of the non-pixel body area to light can be reduced. In such a case, the reflectivity of the light detector chip to incident light can be reduced.
[0137] In some embodiments, the first absorption layer can be disposed in the non-pixel area of the first end surface. By doing so, the first absorption layer can also reduce the influence of water, vapor, dirt, or the other factors in the working environment on the light detector chip, which is beneficial for improving the reliability of the light detector chip.
[0138] In some embodiments, the first anti-reflection layer can include a first deflection structure, and the first deflection structure can deflect the light incident thereon. The first deflection structure can deflect the light incident thereon to reduce the reflectivity of the non-pixel area to incident light.
[0139] In some embodiments, the reflectivity of the non-pixel area to incident light can include a ratio of the amount of light reflected to the environment through the non-pixel area to the amount of incident light. The reflectivity of the non-pixel area to incident light can also include a ratio of the amount of light reflected to a target direction through the non-pixel area to the amount of incident light. The reflectivity of the non-pixel area to incident light can also include other case.
[0140] In some embodiments, the first deflection structure can use one or more of the deflection manners described below to reduce the reflectivity of the non-pixel area to incident light.
[0141] In some embodiments, the first deflection structure can enable at least part of the light incident thereon to pass through the gap of the metal filling structure in the non-pixel body area.
[0142] Because the first deflection structure can enable part of the light incident thereon to pass through the gap of the metal filling structure in the non-pixel body area, this part of the light can propagate in the non-pixel body area and can be not reflected directly to the environment of the chip by the metal filling structure. The optical path of this part of the light in the non-pixel body area can be increased. Most of this part of the light can be absorbed by the non-pixel body area. The absorption rate of the non-pixel body area to incident light can be improved. In such a case, the reflectivity of the non-pixel area to incident light can be reduced.
[0143] In some embodiments, the first deflection structure can change the wavefront shape of the light incident to the first deflection structure.
[0144] The first deflection structure can change the wavefront shape of the light incident thereon to control the reflection direction of reflected light. Compared to the light reflected to a certain direction (e.g., to an object) in a collimated manner, changing the wavefront shape of the light can reduce the amount of light reflected to the target direction from the non-pixel area. The ratio of the amount of light reflected to the certain direction from the non-pixel area to the amount of incident light can be reduced, thereby reducing the reflectivity of the non-pixel area to incident light in the certain direction.
[0145] In some embodiments, the first deflection structure can include a micro-nano optical structure. The micro-nano optical structure can comprise an optical structure with nano-micro-level feature sizes. The micro-nano optical structure can have the ability to change the moving path of the light incident to the surface thereof through a refraction, scattering, or diffraction. By doing so, the first deflection structure can deflect the incident light in the coverage area thereof at nano-micro levels. In such a case, the accuracy and reliability of a processing result can be improved.
[0146] In some embodiments, the micro-nano optical structure corresponding to the first deflection structure can include multiple micro-nano optical units. By doing so, the light incident to different positions in the non-pixel area can be changed uniformly or independently to realize control of smaller scales in the non-pixel area. In such a case, the optical properties of the micro-nano optical structure can be improved. The accuracy and changeability of the micro-nano optical structure can be improved.
[0147] In some embodiments, the distribution mode of the multiple micro-nano optical units of the first deflection structure in the non-pixel area of the first end surface can be one or more of periodic arrangement or random arrangement. For example, the periodic arrangement can include uniform periodic arrangement or non-uniform periodic arrangement.
[0148] The periodically arranged multiple micro-nano optical units can facilitate mass production. The optical response of the periodically arranged multiple micro-nano optical units can have the characteristics of periodicity and regularity. Parameters such as periods and shapes of the periodically arranged multiple micro-nano optical units can be changed. In such a case, propagation and absorption of light in a target wavelength range in the non-pixel body area can be modulated selectively to change the reflectivity of the non-pixel body area to incident light. The optical response of randomly arranged multiple micro-nano optical units can have nonlinear characteristics. The wavelength range of light absorbed by the non-pixel body area can be increased. In such a case, the absorption rate of the non-pixel body area to incident light can be improved to reduce the reflectivity of the non-pixel body area to incident light.
[0149] In some embodiments, the multiple micro-nano optical units of the first deflection structure can have a same size or different sizes.
[0150] In some embodiments, the micro-nano optical structure of the first deflection structure can be implemented by one or more structures (e.g., one or more of a microlens array structure, a metasurface structure, a Fresnel zone plate structure, a conical structure, a grating structure, or the like) .
[0151] FIG. 7 shows a schematic structural diagram of a fourth example light detector chip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. The difference between the structure of the light detector chip in FIG. 6 and the structure of the light detector chip in FIG. 7 includes that the first anti-reflection structure includes a microlens array structure 232, the microlens array structure includes multiple microlens units 232e, and the microlens unit 232e includes a convex lens.
[0152] FIG. 8A shows a schematic diagram of an example propagation path of incident light when a non-pixel area is not provided with a microlens array structure, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. In some embodiments, with reference to FIG. 8A, the incident light is vertically incident to the light-receiving surface of the metal filling unit 221e in the non-pixel area D12 and the light-receiving surface of the metal filling unit 221e in the non-pixel body area 22, the incident light returns along the original path under the reflection of the light-receiving surface.
[0153] FIG. 8B shows a schematic diagram of an example propagation path of incident light when a non-pixel area is provided with a microlens array structure, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. In some embodiments, with reference to FIG. 8B, when the incident light is collimated incident to the light-receiving surface of the metal filling unit 221e in the non-pixel area D12, the incident light can be incident to the microlens unit 232e first. In addition to part of the light reflected by the microlens unit 232e, by determining parameters of the microlens unit, the remaining light, after refracted, can pass through the gap between the metal filling units 221e to propagate in the non-pixel body area 22. When the light propagates to the metal filling unit 221e in the non-pixel body area 22, the light can also be repeatedly reflected in the non-pixel body area 22. In such a case, this part of light can be further absorbed by the non-pixel body area 22.
[0154] The solution can increase the optical path of this part of light in the non-pixel body area. In such a case, most of this part of light can be absorbed by the non-pixel body area to improve the absorption rate of the non-pixel body area to incident light. The reflectivity of the non-pixel area to incident light can be reduced.
[0155] Still with reference to FIG. 8B, because the microlens unit 232e is a convex lens, different positions of a convex surface of the microlens unit 232e can have different curvatures, and the light incident to the surface can have different reflection angles. In such a case, the microlens unit 232e can change the wavefront shape of part of light reflected by the microlens unit 232e. The range of reflection angles of the reflected light can be increased. Compared to the light collimated reflected, the microlens unit can reduce the amount of light reflected to the original collimation direction from the non-pixel body area. In such a case, the ratio of the amount of light reflected to the collimation direction from the non-pixel area to the amount of incident light can be reduced.
[0156] In some embodiments, the distribution of the microlens array structure on the non-pixel area can be one or more of uniform periodic arrangement, non-uniform periodic arrangement, or random arrangement. The sizes of microlens units can be consistent or inconsistent.
[0157] For example, the distribution mode of the microlens array structure in the non-pixel area and the sizes of microlens units can be designed based on the distribution of the light-receiving surface of the metal filling structure in the non-pixel area. In such a case, as much light as possible can pass through the gap between the metal filling units after refracted by the microlens array structure to propagate in the non-pixel body area, and can be finally absorbed by the non-pixel body area.
[0158] It can be understood that the distribution mode of the above microlens array structure in the non-pixel area is only an example description. The distribution modes of other micro-nano optical structures (e.g., a metasurface structure, a Fresnel zone plate structure, a conical structure, a grating structure, or the like) in the non-pixel area and the sizes of micro-nano optical units can also be designed based on the distribution of the light-receiving surface of the metal filling structure in the non-pixel area.
[0159] In some embodiments, the first deflection structure can reflect the light incident thereon directionally. By using the first deflection structure to reflect the light incident thereon directionally, the amount of light reflected to a certain direction from the non-pixel area can be reduced. The ratio of the amount of light reflected to the certain direction from the non-pixel area to the amount of incident light can be reduced, thereby reducing the reflectivity of the non-pixel area to incident light in the certain direction.
[0160] In some embodiments, the structure of the first deflection structure can be determined based on situations. As an example, the first deflection structure can include a metasurface structure provided with a grating structure and multiple metasurface units.
[0161] For example, the directional reflection can include reflection to any or more directions other than a certain direction.
[0162] In some other embodiments, the first anti-reflection layer can include an anti-reflection layer, and the anti-reflection layer is disposed in the non-pixel area of the first end surface and can reduce the reflectivity of the light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area to light in a target wavelength range.
[0163] For example, through the anti-reflection layer disposed in the non-pixel area of the first end surface, the transmittivity of incident light in a target wavelength range can be increased. More incident light can interact with other anti-reflection structures in the first anti-reflection structure to reduce the reflectivity of the coverage area thereof to the light in the target wavelength range.
[0164] In some embodiments, the anti-reflection layer can also reduce the sensitivity of the reflectivity of the light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area to an incident angle of light. The anti-reflection layer can reduce the sensitivity of the reflectivity of the light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area to an incident angle of light to increase a critical value of the incident angle entering the non-pixel area. In such a case, the transmittivity of light at different incident angles can be increased to reduce the reflectivity of the non-pixel body area to incident light.
[0165] In some embodiments, the anti-reflection layer can reduce the sensitivity of the reflectivity of the light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area to an incident angle of light by a membrane system structure composed of multiple anti-reflection sub-layers. For example, the reflectivity of the anti-reflection layer can be less sensitive to the change of the incident angle within a certain range by selecting appropriate material combinations and layer thicknesses for anti-reflection sub-layers. For example, a membrane system structure composed of multiple anti-reflection sub-layers designed based on a gradient refractive index can be used.
[0166] In some embodiments, the anti-reflection layer can be used in combination with the first absorption layer or the first deflection structure disposed in the non-pixel area.
[0167] FIG. 9A shows a schematic structural diagram of a fifth example light detector chip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. The difference between the structure of the light detector chip in FIG. 6 and the structure of the light detector chip in FIG. 9A includes that in addition to the first absorption layer 231, the first anti-reflection structure further includes an anti-reflection layer 233 disposed on an end surface of one side of the first absorption layer 231 away from the non-pixel body area 22. The anti-reflection layer includes a membrane system structure composed of multiple anti-reflection sub-layers designed based on a gradient refractive index.
[0168] In some embodiments, with reference to FIG. 9A, the side of the light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area is covered with the anti-reflection layer. When the incident light is incident to the light-receiving surface and is reflected to the environment through the light-receiving surface, the incident light can pass through the anti-reflection layer. Because the anti-reflection layer can increase the transmittivity of incident light in a target wavelength range, more incident light can interact with the first absorption layer. The reflectivity of the light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area to the incident light in the target wavelength range can be reduced. Through the membrane system structure composed of multiple anti-reflection sub-layers designed based on a gradient refractive index, the anti-reflection layer can reduce the sensitivity of the reflectivity of the first absorption layer area to an incident angle of light to increase a critical value of the incident angle entering the non-pixel area. In such a case, the transmittivity of light at different incident angles can be increased to further reduce the reflectivity of the non-pixel body area to incident light.
[0169] FIG. 9B shows a schematic structural diagram of a sixth example light detector chip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. The difference between the structure of the light detector chip in FIG. 9A and the structure of the light detector chip in FIG. 9B includes that the anti-reflection layer 233 can be disposed on an end surface of one side of the first absorption layer 231 away from the non-pixel body area 22, and also be disposed on the side of the light-receiving surface of the pixel body area 21.
[0170] In some embodiments, with reference to FIG. 9B, the side of the light-receiving surface of the pixel body area is covered with the anti-reflection layer. The anti-reflection layer can increase the transmittivity of incident light in a target wavelength range. More incident light can enter the pixel body area and be absorbed by the pixel body area to improve the absorption rate and detection efficiency of the pixel body area to incident light. In such a case, the reflectivity of the light detector chip to the incident light in the target wavelength range can be increased.
[0171] FIG. 10A shows a schematic structural diagram of a seventh example light detector chip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. The difference between the structure of the light detector chip in FIG. 7 and the structure of the light detector chip in FIG. 10A includes that in addition to the microlens array structure 232, the first anti-reflection structure further includes an anti-reflection layer 233 disposed between the microlens array structure 232 and the non-pixel body area 22.The anti-reflection layer 233 includes a membrane system structure composed of multiple anti-reflection sub-layers designed based on a gradient refractive index.
[0172] FIG. 10B shows a schematic structural diagram of an eighth example light detector chip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. The difference between the structure of the light detector chip in FIG. 7 and the structure of the light detector chip in FIG. 10B includes that in addition to the microlens array structure 232, the first anti-reflection structure further includes: an anti-reflection layer 233 disposed on an end surface of one side of the microlens array structure 232 away from the non-pixel body area 22.
[0173] FIG. 10C shows a schematic structural diagram of a ninth light detector chip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. The difference between the structure of the light detector chip in FIG. 10B and the structure of the light detector chip in FIG. 10C includes that the anti-reflection layer 233 can be disposed on an end surface of one side of the microlens array structure 232 away from the non-pixel body area 22, and also be disposed on the side of the light-receiving surface of the pixel body area 21.
[0174] In some embodiments, an isolation trench between adjacent light detector units can have a light-receiving surface distributed in the pixel area. The light-receiving surface can be distributed in the area between the light-sensitive surfaces of the light detector units. The light incident to the area cannot enter the light detector unit. Based on the material of the isolation trench, the light-receiving surface has high reflectivity to incident light.
[0175] In some embodiments, the first anti-reflection structure can also be disposed in the pixel area. The first anti-reflection structure can at least partially cover the area between the light-sensitive surfaces of the multiple light detector units. The first anti-reflection structure can reduce the reflectivity of the pixel body area to incident light.
[0176] FIG. 11 shows a schematic structural diagram of a tenth example light detector chip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. In some embodiments, with reference to FIG. 11, the pixel body area of the light detector chip shown in the figure includes a light detection light-sensitive array 211 and isolation trenches 212. The light detection light-sensitive array 211 includes multiple light detector units 211e. Adjacent light detector units 211e are isolated through an isolation trench 212. The pixel area includes light-sensitive surfaces of the light detector units and light-receiving surfaces of the isolation trenches 212. The difference between the structure of the light detector chip in FIG. 6 and the structure of the light detector chip in FIG. 11 includes that the first absorption layer 231 in this example is disposed on the light-receiving surfaces of the non-pixel area D12 and the isolation trench 212.
[0177] When the incident light is incident to the light-receiving surface of the isolation trench, the incident light propagates in the first absorption layer covering the light-receiving surface. Based on the light absorption property of the first absorption layer, the first absorption layer can absorb the incident light to reduce the amount of light reflected to the environment from the light-receiving surface, thereby reducing the reflectivity of the pixel body area to light.
[0178] In some embodiments, the reflectivity corresponding to the light-sensitive surface of the light detector chip can also be improved to reduce the reflectivity of the light detector chip to incident light.
[0179] In some embodiments, the first anti-reflection structure further includes a second deflection structure, and the second deflection structure is disposed in the pixel area, at least partially covers the light-sensitive surfaces of the multiple light detector units, and can reduce the reflectivity of the light detector chip to incident light.
[0180] The reflectivity of the light detector chip to incident light is not limited to include a ratio of the amount of light reflected to the environment through the light detector chip to the amount of incident light. The reflectivity of the light detector can also include a ratio of the amount of light reflected to a target direction through the light detector chip to the amount of incident light. For example, the second deflection structure can use multiple manners to reduce the reflectivity of the light detector chip to incident light.
[0181] As an example, the second deflection structure can reduce the reflectivity of the light detector chip by increasing the absorption rate of the first body to light. The second deflection structure can improve the absorption rate of the first body to incident light to reduce the amount of light reflected to the environment from the pixel area. The amount of light reflected to the environment from the light detector chip can be reduced to reduce the reflectivity of the light detector chip.
[0182] As another example, the second deflection structure can reduce the reflectivity of the pixel area by changing the wavefront shape of the light incident to the second deflection structure. The second deflection structure can increase the range of reflection angles of reflected light by changing the wavefront shape of the light incident to the second deflection structure. Compared to the light collimated reflected to a target (e.g., an object) originally, changing the wavefront shape of the light can reduce the amount of light reflected to the target direction from the pixel area. The ratio of the amount of light reflected to the target direction from the pixel area to the amount of incident light can be reduced, thereby reducing the reflectivity of the light detector chip to incident light.
[0183] In some embodiments, the second deflection structure includes a micro-nano optical structure. By doing so, the adaptability to the size of the pixel area can be improved.
[0184] In some embodiments, the micro-nano optical structure corresponding to the second deflection structure can include multiple micro-nano optical units. In such a case, the light incident to different areas in the pixel area can be changed uniformly or independently to realize control of smaller area units in the pixel area. The optical properties of the micro-nano optical structure can be increased to increase the accuracy and changeability thereof.
[0185] In some embodiments, the distribution mode of the multiple micro-nano optical units of the second deflection structure in the pixel area of the first end surface can be one or more of periodic arrangement or random arrangement. For example, the periodic arrangement can include uniform periodic arrangement or non-uniform periodic arrangement.
[0186] The optical response of the periodically arranged multiple micro-nano optical units has periodicity and regularity. Parameters such as periods and shapes of the periodically arranged multiple micro-nano optical units can be changed. By doing so, propagation and absorption of light in a target wavelength range in the first body can be modulated selectively to change the reflectivity of the light detector chip to incident light. The multiple micro-nano optical units arranged randomly can increase the wavelength range of light absorbed by the first body. In such a case, the absorption rate of the first body to incident light can be improved to reduce the reflectivity of the light detector chip to incident light.
[0187] In some embodiments, the multiple micro-nano optical units of the second deflection structure can have a same size or different sizes.
[0188] In some embodiments, the micro-nano optical structure of the second deflection structure can be implemented by one or more of a microlens array structure, a metasurface structure, a Fresnel zone plate structure, a conical structure, a grating structure, or the like.
[0189] FIG. 12 shows a schematic structural diagram of an eleventh example light detector chip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. In some embodiments, with reference to FIG. 12, the light detector chip includes a first end surface, a first body, and a first anti-reflection structure. The first end surface includes a pixel area and a non-pixel area. The first body includes a pixel body area 31 and a non-pixel body area 32. The light-receiving surface of the pixel body area 31 is distributed in the pixel area. The light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area 32is distributed in the non-pixel area. The pixel body area 31 includes a light detection light-sensitive array 311. The light detection light-sensitive array 311 includes multiple light detector units 311e. The light-sensitive surfaces of the light detector units 311e are distributed in the pixel area. The first anti-reflection structure includes a first deflection structure 33 and a second deflection structure 34. The first deflection structure 33 is disposed in the area between the non-pixel area D12 and the light-sensitive surfaces of the multiple light detector units 311e. For example, the first deflection structure 33 can be a first absorption layer. The second deflection structure 34 is disposed on the light-sensitive surface of the light detector unit 311e. For another example, the second deflection structure 34 can be a microlens array structure. The microlens array structure includes multiple microlens units. The microlens unit can be a convex lens.
[0190] FIG. 13A shows a schematic diagram of an example propagation path of incident light when a pixel area is not provided with a microlens array structure, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. In some embodiments, with reference to FIG. 13A, when the incident light is collimated incident to the light-sensitive surface of the light detector unit 311e in the pixel area D11, part of the incident light is reflected by the light-sensitive surface of the light detector unit 311e, and the other part directly propagates vertically to the inside of the light detector unit.
[0191] FIG. 13B shows a schematic diagram of a propagation path of incident light when an example pixel area is provided with a microlens array structure, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. In some embodiments, with reference to FIG. 13B, when the incident light is collimated incident to the light-sensitive surface of the light detector unit 311e in the pixel area D11, the incident light is incident to the microlens unit 34e first. In addition to part of the light reflected by the microlens unit 34e, the remaining light, after refracted, propagates in the light detector unit 311e. Based on the existence of a refraction angle, the optical path of this part of the refracted light in the light detector unit 311e can be increased. The absorption rate of the light detector unit 311e to incident light can be improved to reduce the reflectivity of the light detector chip to incident light.
[0192] Still with reference to FIG. 13B, because the microlens unit 34e is a convex lens, different positions of a convex surface of the microlens unit 34e can have different curvatures, and the light incident to the surface can have different reflection angles (e.g., reflection angles α and β) . In such a case, the microlens unit 34e can change the wavefront shape of part of light reflected by the microlens unit 34e. The range of reflection angles of the reflected light can be increased. Compared to the light collimated reflected, the microlens unit can reduce the amount of light reflected to the original collimation direction from the pixel body area. In such a case, the ratio of the amount of light reflected to the collimation direction from the pixel area to the amount of incident light can be reduced.
[0193] In some embodiments, the high reflectivity of the light detector chip can cause double range ghost images. The high reflectivity of the light emitter chip also can cause double range ghost images. FIG. 14 shows a schematic diagram of another example double range ghost image. In some embodiments, with reference to FIG. 14, a LiDAR L1 includes a transmitting end L11 and a receiving end L12. The light emitter chip of the transmitting end L11 transmits a detection signal S1. The detection signal S1 is reflected by an object C1 to form an echo signal H1. The echo signal H1 is received by the receiving end L12. Part of the detection signal S2 is reflected by the object C1 and returns to the light emitter chip. Because the surface of the light emitter chip is close to a flat surface, when strong mirror reflection occurs on the surface of the light emitter chip, part of the detection signal S21 is reflected by the light emitter chip and reaches the object C1 again, and the detection signal S21 is reflected by the object C1 to form a second echo signal H2. The second echo signal H2 is detected by the receiving end L12. The TOF of the echo signal H2 can be also approximately twice that of the echo signal H1. A double range ghost image can appear at twice the actual distance of the detected object C1 in detection results. Therefore, how to reduce the reflectivity of the light emitter chip has become a problem that needs to be solved.
[0194] This disclosure provides a light emitter chip. A second anti-reflection structure is disposed in a non-emitting area, and the second anti-reflection structure at least partially covers a light-receiving surface of the non-emitter area. The second anti-reflection structure can perform anti-reflection processing on the light incident to the above light-receiving surface to reduce the reflectivity of the non-emitter area to light, thereby reducing the reflectivity of the light emitter chip to light.
[0195] In some embodiments, the light emitter chip can include a second end surface, a second body, and a second anti-reflection structure. The second end surface can emit detection light and includes an emitting area and a non-emitting area. The second body includes an emitter area and a non- emitter area. The light-receiving surface of the emitter area is distributed in the emitting area. The light-receiving surface of the non-emitter area is distributed in the non-emitting area. The second anti-reflection structure is disposed in the non-emitting area, at least partially covers the light-receiving surface of the non-emitter area. The second anti-reflection structure can reduce the reflectivity of the non-emitter area to light.
[0196] The second anti-reflection structure is disposed in the non-emitting area and at least partially covers the light-receiving surface of the non-emitter area. The second anti-reflection structure can reduce the reflection of the detection light incident to the coverage area thereof to reduce the amount of reflection of the coverage area thereof to detection light. The reflectivity of the non-emitter area to light can be reduced to reduce the reflectivity of the light emitter chip to incident light.
[0197] In some embodiments, the light emitter chip can emit light perpendicular to the second end surface. The structure of the light emitter chip can be determined based on situations. For example, the light emitter chip can include a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser ( “VCSEL” ) chip.
[0198] As an example, the light emitter chip can be one or more of a single-mode VCSEL chip, a multi-mode VCSEL chip, a high-power VCSEL chip, or a tunable VCSEL chip.
[0199] In some embodiments, the emitter area can include multiple light emitter units. The light-emitting surfaces of the light emitter units are distributed in the emitting area of the second end surface.
[0200] In some embodiments, the second anti-reflection layer can include a second absorption layer. The second absorption layer can absorb light in a target wavelength range.
[0201] In some embodiments, the second absorption layer can include a black dye distributed in the photosensitive substrate.
[0202] In some embodiments, the second absorption layer can be similar to the first absorption layer in any embodiment of the specification, and are not described in detail here.
[0203] FIG. 15A shows a schematic structural diagram of a twelfth example light emitter chip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. FIG. 15B shows a top view of the structure of the twelfth example light emitter chip shown in FIG. 15A. In some embodiments, with reference to FIGs. 15A and 15B, a light emitter chip 40 includes a second end surface, a second body, and a second anti-reflection structure. The second end surface can receive incident light. The second end surface includes an emitting area D21 and a non-emitting area D22. The second body includes an emitter area 41 and a non-emitter area 42. The light-receiving surface of the emitter area 41 is distributed in the emitting area D21. The light-receiving surface of the non-emitter area 42 is distributed in the non-emitting area D22. The emitter area 41 includes multiple light emitter units 411. The light-emitting surfaces of light emitter units 411 are distributed in the emitting area D21 of the second end surface D2.The second anti-reflection structure is disposed in the non-emitting area D22. The second anti- reflection structure includes a second absorption layer 43. The second absorption layer 43 includes a resin substrate and a black inorganic dye distributed in the resin substrate.
[0204] When the reflected detection light is incident to the non-emitting area, the detection light propagates in the second absorption layer covering the corresponding area. Based on the light absorption of the resin substrate and the black inorganic dye, the second absorption layer can absorb the incident detection light to reduce the amount of light reflected to the environment from the non-emitter area, and reduce the reflectivity of the non-emitter area to light. In such a case, the reflectivity of the light emitter chip to detection light can be reduced. In some embodiments, the second absorption layer can also reduce the influence of water, vapor, dirt, or the other factors in the working environment on the surface of the light emitter chip, which is beneficial for improving the reliability of the light emitter chip.
[0205] In some embodiments, the second anti-reflection structure can also be disposed in the emitting area. The second anti-reflection structure can at least partially cover the area between the light-emitting surfaces of the multiple light emitter units. In such a case, the reflectivity of the emitter area to incident light can be reduced.
[0206] FIG. 16 shows a top view of the structure of a thirteenth example light emitter chip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. Compared to the structure of the light emitter chip shown in FIG. 15B, the second absorption layer 43 of the light emitter chip in this example is disposed in the non-emitting area and the area between the light-emitting surfaces of the multiple light emitter units 411. In some embodiments, with reference to FIG. 16, when the reflected detection light is incident to the area between the light-emitting surfaces of the multiple light emitter units, the detection light propagates in the second absorption layer covering the corresponding area. Based on the light absorption of the resin substrate and the black inorganic dye, the second absorption layer can absorb the incident detection light to reduce the amount of light reflected to the environment from the emitter area, and reduce the reflectivity of the emitter area to light. In such a case, the reflectivity of the light emitter chip to detection light can be reduced.
[0207] This disclosure provides a LiDAR. FIG. 17 shows a schematic structural diagram of an example LiDAR, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure. In some embodiments, with reference to FIG. 17, a LiDAR L2 includes a laser L21, a detector L22, and a processor (not shown in the figure) . The laser L21 can transmit a detection signal in a target wavelength range to the environment. The detector L22 can receive an echo signal returned after the detection signal is reflected by an object C2. The processor can determine distance information of the external object C2 based on the detection signal and the echo signal.
[0208] In some embodiments, the laser in the embodiment of this disclosure can be implemented by a light emitter chip similar to the light emitter chip in any of the embodiments of this disclosure (e.g., any of light emitter chips consistent with FIG. 3, FIG. 6, FIG. 7, FIG. 9A, FIG. 9B, FIG. 10A, FIG. 10B, FIG. 10C, FIG. 11, or FIG. 12) , which is not described herein.
[0209] When the detection signal transmitted to the environment by the laser is reflected to the light emitter chip by the object, the laser can reduce the reflectivity of the laser to the detection signal through the light emitter chip similar to the light emitter chip in any of the above embodiments. In such a case, the possibility of double ghost images appearing in the detection results can be reduced.
[0210] In some embodiments, the detector in the embodiment of this disclosure can be implemented by a light detector chip similar to the light detector chip in any one of the embodiments of this disclosure (e.g., any of light emitter chips consistent with FIG. 15A, FIG. 15B, or FIG. 16) , which is not described herein.
[0211] When the echo signal reflected to the environment by the detector is reflected to the light detector chip again by the object, the detector can reduce the reflectivity of the detector to the echo signal through the light detector chip similar to the light emitter chip in any of the above embodiments. In such a case, the possibility of double ghost images appearing in the detection results can be reduced.
[0212] In some embodiments, based on the detector and the laser, part of the echo signal can be reflected to the inside of the LiDAR by the detector, part of the detection signal can be reflected to the inside of the LiDAR by the laser. The echo signal and detection signal can propagate in the LiDAR. In such a case, noise crosstalk can occur in the LiDAR.
[0213] In some embodiments, the LiDAR can further include a housing and an absorber. The absorber is disposed inside the housing. The absorber can absorb the echo signal or detection signal reflected by the detector or laser to the inside of the housing. The absorber can absorb the echo signal or detection signal reflected by the detector or laser to the inside of the housing to reduce the noise in the LiDAR. In such a case, the noise crosstalk in the LiDAR can be reduced.
[0214] In some embodiments, the detector or laser can perform directional reflection or focused reflection on the incident echo signal or detection signal, and the absorber can be disposed on the corresponding reflection path or at the corresponding focus position.
[0215] The detector or laser performs directional reflection or focused reflection on the incident echo signal or detection signal by improving the noise control to enable the absorber to achieve efficient absorption of noise on the reflection path or at the focus position.
[0216] It should be understood that each unit in the embodiments described in this disclosure can include one or more physical components in whole or in part. For example, a unit can be implemented as an emitter, a detector, an optic, a processor, a circuit, or any form of hardware component. As another example, a unit can include one or more hardware components and one or more software components. For example, the light emitting unit can include a light emitting circuit, a VCSEL, an edge-emitting laser ( "EEL" ) , a distributed feedback laser ( "DFB" ) , a fiber laser, or the like.
[0217] In this disclosure, the terms “a, ” “an, ” and “the” are intended to represent singular or plural forms, unless expressly stated otherwise in the context. The term “multiple” in this disclosure refers to a number of two or more. For example, multiple objects can include two objects, or more than two objects.
[0218] The term “at least one” in this disclosure refers to a number of one or more. For example, at least one object can include one object, or two objects, or ten objects, or the like.
[0219] In this disclosure, the terms “a, ” “an, ” “one, ” and “the” are intended to represent singular or plural forms, unless expressly stated otherwise in the context. For example, without expressly stated otherwise in the context, “atransceiver” can refer to a single transceiver or a plurality of transceivers.
[0220] The terms "or" of this disclosure describe an association relationship between associated objects, and represent a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, each of "one or more of A or B" and "A or B" can include: only "A" exists, only "B" exists, and "A" and "B" both exist, where "A" and "B" can be singular or plural. For another example, each of "one or more of A, B, or C" and "A, B, or C " can include: only "A" exists, only "B" exists, only "C" exists, "A" and "B" both exist, "A" and "C" both exist, "B" and "C" both exist, and "A" , "B" , and "C" all exist, where "A, " "B, " and "C" can be singular or plural. In addition, the symbol " / " herein represents that the associated objects before and after the character are in an "or" relationship. In this disclosure, the term “at least one of A or B” has a meaning equivalent to “A or B” as described above. The term “at least one of A, B, or C” has a meaning equivalent to “A, B, or C” as described above.
[0221] Multiple embodiment solutions provided by the embodiments of this disclosure are described, and the embodiments introduced in any embodiment solution can be combined and cross-referenced without conflict to derive multiple possible embodiment solutions. These embodiment solutions can be considered as disclosed embodiment solutions of this disclosure.
[0222] Although the embodiments of this disclosure are disclosed above, this disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments. Any person skilled in the art can make various alterations and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the specification should be subject to the scope defined by the claims.
Claims
1.A light detector chip, comprising a first end surface, a first body, and a first anti-reflection structure, whereinthe first end surface is configured to receive incident light and comprises a pixel area and a non-pixel area;the first body comprises:a pixel body area, the light-receiving surface of the pixel body area is distributed in the pixel area of the first end surface, anda non-pixel body area, the light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area is distributed in the non-pixel area of the first end surface; andthe first anti-reflection structure is disposed in the non-pixel area of the first end surface, at least partially covers the light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area, and is configured to reduce the reflectivity of the non-pixel body area to incident light.2.The chip of claim 1, wherein the first anti-reflection structure comprises:a first absorption layer configured to absorb light in a target wavelength range.3.The chip of claim 2, wherein the first absorption layer comprises:a photosensitive substrate.4.The chip of claim 3, wherein the first absorption layer further comprises:a black dye distributed in the photosensitive substrate.5.The chip of claim 1, wherein the first anti-reflection structure comprises:a first deflection structure configured to deflect light incident thereon.6.The chip of claim 5, wherein the non-pixel body area comprises: a metal filling structure;the first deflection structure is configured to enable at least part of the light incident thereon to pass through the gap of the metal filling structure;orthe first deflection structure is configured to change the wavefront shape of the light incident thereon.7.The chip of claim 6, wherein the first deflection structure comprises:a micro-nano optical structure.8.The chip of claim 7, wherein the micro-nano optical structure comprises: a plurality of micro-nano optical units, and the micro-nano optical unit comprises at least one of the following arrangement modes:periodic arrangement; orrandom arrangement.9.The chip of claim 8, wherein the periodic arrangement comprises at least one of:uniform periodic arrangement; ornon-uniform periodic arrangement.10.The chip of claim 8, wherein the plurality of micro-nano optical units have a same size or different sizes.11.The chip of claim 7, wherein the micro-nano optical structure comprises at least one of:a microlens array structure;a metasurface structure;a Fresnel zone plate structure;a conical structure; ora grating structure.12.The chip of claim 5, whereinthe first deflection structure is configured to reflect the light incident thereon directionally.13.The chip of any of claims 2 to 12, wherein the first anti-reflection structure further comprises:an anti-reflection layer disposed in the non-pixel area of the first end surface and configured to reduce the reflectivity of the light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area to the light in the target wavelength range.14.The chip of claim 13, wherein the anti-reflection layer is configured to reduce the sensitivity of the reflectivity of the light-receiving surface of the non-pixel body area to an incident angle of light.15.The chip of claim 14, wherein the anti-reflection layer comprises:a membrane system structure comprising a plurality of anti-reflection sub-layers.16.The chip of any of claims 2 to 4, wherein the pixel body area comprises: a plurality of light detector units, the light-sensitive surfaces of the multiple light detector units are distributed in the pixel area of the first end surface; andthe first anti-reflection structure is also disposed in the pixel area, at least partially covers the area between the light-sensitive surfaces of the plurality of light detector units, and is configured to reduce the reflectivity of the pixel body area to incident light.17.The chip of any of claims 2 to 12, wherein the pixel body area comprises: a plurality of light detector units, the light-sensitive surfaces of the light detector units are distributed in the pixel area of the first end surface; andthe first anti-reflection structure further comprises a second deflection structure, and the second deflection structure is disposed in the pixel area and at least partially covers the light-sensitive surfaces of the plurality of light detector units.18.The chip of claim 17, wherein the second deflection structure is configured to increase the absorption rate of the first body to light;orthe second deflection structure is configured to change the wavefront shape of the light incident to the second deflection structure.19.The chip of claim 18, wherein the second deflection structure comprises:a micro-nano optical structure.20.The chip of claim 19, wherein the micro-nano optical structure comprises: a plurality of micro-nano optical units, and each micro-nano optical unit comprises at least one of the following arrangement modes:periodic arrangement; orrandom arrangement.21.The chip of claim 20, wherein the periodic arrangement comprises at least one of:uniform periodic arrangement; ornon-uniform periodic arrangement.22.The chip of claim 20, wherein the plurality of micro-nano optical units have a same size or different sizes.23.The chip of claim 19, wherein the micro-nano optical structure comprises at least one of:a microlens array structure;a metasurface structure;a Fresnel zone plate structure;a conical structure; ora grating structure.24.The chip of claim 1, wherein the pixel body area comprises: a plurality of light detector units, the light-sensitive surfaces of the light detector units are distributed in the pixel area of the first end surface; andthe light detector unit comprises at least one of:a single photon avalanche diode ( ″SPAD″ ) ,a silicon photomultiplier ( ″SiPM″ ) , oran avalanche photo diode ( ″APD″ ) .25.A light emitter chip, comprising a second end surface, a second body, and a second anti-reflection structure, whereinthe second end surface is configured to emit detection light and comprises an emitting area and a non-emitting area;the second body comprises:an emitter area, the light-receiving surface of the emitter area is distributed in the emitting area of the second end surface, anda non-emitter area, the light-receiving surface of the non-emitter area is distributed in the non-emitting area of the second end surface; andthe second anti-reflection structure is disposed in the non-emitting area of the second end surface, at least partially covers the light-receiving surface of the non-emitter area, and is configured to reduce the reflectivity of the non-emitter area to light.26.The light emitter chip of claim 25, wherein the second anti-reflection structure comprises:a second absorption layer configured to absorb light in a target wavelength range.27.The light emitter chip of claim 26, wherein the second absorption layer comprises a photosensitive substrate.28.The light emitter chip of claim 27, wherein the second absorption layer comprises a black dye distributed in the photosensitive substrate.29.The light emitter chip of any of claims 26 to 28, wherein the emitter area comprises: a plurality of light emitter units, the light-emitting surfaces of the light emitter units are distributed in the emitting area of the second end surface; andthe second anti-reflection structure is also disposed in the emitting area, at least partially covers the area between the light-emitting surfaces of the plurality of light emitter units, and is configured to reduce the reflectivity of the emitter area to incident light.30.A LiDAR, comprising:a laser configured to transmit a detection signal in a target wavelength range to the environment;a detector configured to receive an echo signal returned after the detection signal is reflected by an object; anda processor configured to determine distance information of the external object based on the detection signal and the echo signal,whereinthe detector comprises: the light detector chip of any of claims 1 to 24, orthe laser comprises: the light emitter chip of any of claims 25 to 29.31.The LiDAR of claim 30, further comprising:a housing; andan absorber disposed inside the housing and configured to absorb the echo signal or detection signal reflected by the detector or laser to the inside of the housing.
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