Method for disassembling and / or preparing an assembly, and preparation device

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for disassembling and / or preparing an assembly (1), wherein a sleeve unit (2) and a shaft unit (3) of the assembly (1), the shaft unit being arranged at least partially within the sleeve unit (2), are separated by, in particular inductive and / or local, heating. According to the invention, at least one materially bonded connection (4) and / or interlocking connection (38) at the shaft unit (3), at the sleeve unit (2) and / or between the shaft unit (3) and the sleeve unit (2) are / is released by the, in particular inductive and / or local, heating. The invention also relates to a preparation device (28).

Description

[0001] Method for dismantling and / or reprocessing an assembly and reprocessing device

[0002] The present invention relates to a method for disassembling and / or reconditioning an assembly, wherein a sleeve unit and a shaft unit arranged at least partially within the sleeve unit are separated by heating, in particular by inductive heating. Furthermore, the invention relates to a reconditioning device for carrying out the method.

[0003] CN 106312442 A discloses a method for disassembling an outer shell of shaft components. The disadvantage of this method is that only interference fits are released. An assembly that, due to its design and / or joining technology, has non-removable or only partially removable connections cannot be disassembled, or can only be disassembled to a limited extent. Furthermore, the very high temperature of the outer shell during disassembly may cause a change in the structure. This can further complicate or even make subsequent processing impossible.

[0004] The object of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages known from the prior art. In particular, the object is to create a method and / or a reprocessing device with which assemblies with non-removable or partially detachable connections can be disassembled and / or as many components of the assembly as possible can be reused, particularly after reprocessing. Additionally or alternatively, the object of the invention is to at least partially reprocess and reuse the assembly after disassembly.

[0005] The problem is solved by a method and a processing device having the features of the independent patent claims. A method for disassembling and / or processing an assembly is proposed, wherein a sleeve unit and a shaft unit of the assembly, arranged at least partially within the sleeve unit, are separated by heating, in particular by inductive and / or local heating.

[0006] An assembly is understood to be a group of individual components, wherein the components are preferably operatively connected to one another. The assembly is preferably designed as a spool bearing unit for rotatably supporting spools of a textile machine. Additionally or alternatively, the assembly can be designed as a roller, in particular as a laying roller, guide roller, support roller, pressure roller, deflection roller, laying roller, guide roller, support roller, pressure roller and / or deflection roller. Rollers are used, for example, in the textile and / or packaging industry, for hygiene products, in battery manufacturing, in the printing industry and / or in the tobacco industry.

[0007] A shaft unit is understood to be a unit that comprises at least one shaft core. The shaft core is preferably mounted in a fixed location during intended use. A sleeve unit is understood to be a unit that comprises at least one base body. The sleeve unit is preferably rotatably mounted on the shaft unit. The sleeve unit or the base body of the sleeve unit can be designed, for example, as a roller shell, roller shell, and / or bearing sleeve.

[0008] According to the invention, at least one material connection and / or positive connection on the shaft unit, on the sleeve unit and / or between the shaft unit and the sleeve unit is released by heating, in particular inductive and / or local heating.

[0009] Bonded joints, such as adhesive joints, soldered joints, welded joints, and / or vulcanized joints, are considered non-detachable or only partially detachable. Thus, breaking the bonded joint requires at least the destruction of the connecting element. Positive-locking joints are also considered non-detachable or only partially detachable. Assemblies that comprise at least one bonded joint and / or positive-locking joint are thus designed as inseparable assemblies or as assemblies not intended for disassembly.

[0010] By releasing the at least one material connection and / or the at least one positive connection with the aid of heating, in particular local and / or inductive heating, the inseparable assembly or assembly not intended for disassembly can be disassembled and / or reconditioned. The disassembled assembly can then be reconditioned and / or reassembled as a reconditioned assembly, for example.

[0011] It is advantageous if the material-to-material connection is designed as an adhesive connection, wherein the adhesive and / or cohesive force of an adhesive of the adhesive connection is reduced by heating, particularly inductive and / or local heating. The adhesive is designed as a thermolabile adhesive, in which the adhesive and / or cohesive force is reduced, preferably at temperatures below 250°C. This simplifies the disassembly of the assembly, particularly the shaft unit and / or the sleeve unit.

[0012] It is also advantageous if the shaft unit and / or the sleeve unit is expanded at least partially and / or in sections in the area of ​​the at least one material-to-material connection and / or form-fitting connection by heating, in particular by inductive and / or local heating, so that the material-to-material connection, which is in particular designed as an adhesive connection, and / or the form-fitting connection is released. The at least one material-to-material connection is stressed by the at least partial and / or section-by-section expansion of the shaft unit and / or sleeve unit in the area of ​​the at least one material-to-material connection and the associated change in shape. As a result, the at least one material-to-material connection can be destroyed, released and / or at least weakened.With the positive connection, any undercuts, serrations, and / or stops can be overcome by the at least partial and / or sectionally expanded connection. This simplifies the disassembly of the assembly, in particular the shaft unit and / or the sleeve unit.

[0013] It is also advantageous if at least one press connection on the shaft unit, on the sleeve unit, and / or between the shaft unit and the sleeve unit is released by heating, particularly inductive heating. This allows the at least one press connection designed as detachable to be separated. This allows both material-to-material connections and / or form-fitting connections, as well as press connections, to be released using the method according to the invention.

[0014] It is also advantageous if the sleeve unit and / or the shaft unit is heated in the region of at least one section, so that the at least one press connection, the at least one materially bonded connection and / or the at least one positive connection between at least one rolling bearing and the sleeve unit and / or the at least one rolling bearing and the shaft unit is released. The at least one rolling bearing rotatably connects the sleeve unit and the shaft unit to one another. Since the at least one rolling bearing can ensure the sole load transfer between the sleeve unit and the shaft unit, a materially bonded connection and / or positive connection can be selected here. By heating, in particular inductively and / or locally, this at least one materially bonded connection and / or positive connection can be released even in the case of rotatably mounted components.Heating only one section ensures local heating, so that adjacent components only heat up to a limited extent. The different temperatures can improve the different expansion of the components and thus the loosening of the material-fit connection and / or the form-fit connection. Additionally or alternatively, the at least one rolling bearing is designed as a partially integrated and / or integrated rolling bearing. In partially integrated bearing assemblies, the inner ring or the outer ring is often secured to the sleeve unit or the shaft unit by means of the at least one material-fit connection. In partially integrated bearing assemblies and / or integrated bearing assemblies, the balls are often secured directly to the sleeve unit or the shaft unit by means of the at least one form-fit connection. The at least one rolling bearing is additionally or alternatively designed as a ball bearing.

[0015] It is also advantageous if, when dismantling an assembly designed as a bearing unit, at least one of the following steps is carried out, wherein the steps preferably follow one another in the order stated below or in the opposite order. Heating the assembly in the region of a first section, a fourth section, a ring and / or a bushing, and separating and / or pulling off a first cover, the ring, the bushing and / or a second rolling bearing from a base body of the sleeve unit and / or a shaft core of the shaft unit. Heating the assembly in the region of a second section and / or a third section, and separating and / or pulling off a second cover and / or a first rolling bearing from the base body of the sleeve unit and / or the shaft core of the shaft unit. The respective separating and / or pulling off preferably takes place after heating.By heating, at least one press connection, material connection and / or form-fitting connection adjacent to the respective areas is released.

[0016] The bearing unit can, for example, be a spool bearing unit of a textile machine and / or a roller bearing unit of one of the rollers already described above. Assemblies designed as spool bearing units are to be understood as bearing units that are arranged on the textile machine. These can accommodate several spools arranged in a row along a longitudinal axis of the assembly on the sleeve unit. The spool bearing unit is usually mounted on one side of the textile machine. This places very high loads on the shaft unit and / or the sleeve unit. In particular, the rolling bearings, which rotatably support the base body of the sleeve unit on the shaft core of the shaft unit, are subjected to high loads. Therefore, the respective outer rings of the rolling bearings are attached to the base body of the sleeve unit by means of a material-to-material connection, in particular an adhesive connection, and / or a form-fitting connection.

[0017] By heating and the resulting release of the material connection, in particular an adhesive connection, and / or the positive connection, the assembly designed as a coil bearing unit can be disassembled. The at least one press connection can also be released by heating. Thus, with the aid of heating, the assembly designed as a coil bearing unit can be disassembled, in particular completely. This makes it possible to reuse and / or recondition, in particular, the base body of the sleeve unit and / or the shaft core of the shaft unit, which is technically complex to manufacture.

[0018] Furthermore, it is advantageous if a heating unit heats the sleeve unit and / or the shaft unit, in particular section by section and / or one after the other, wherein the heating unit preferably heats the sleeve unit and / or the shaft unit inductively with at least one induction coil. During intended use, current is supplied to the induction coil, whereby heating occurs through interaction with the sleeve unit and / or the shaft unit. This allows the heating to be applied specifically to one of the sections. Inductive heating thus makes it possible to heat these sections specifically and quickly, so that only the intended section expands as a result of the heating. The heat is only transferred to an insignificant extent to adjacent sections and / or to other components.If the adhesive of the at least one cohesive connection designed as an adhesive connection is also arranged in the area of ​​the intended section, the heating preferably reduces the adhesion force of the adhesive to the heated section.

[0019] It is also advantageous if a first induction coil heats the first section, a second induction coil heats the ring and / or the bushing, a third induction coil heats the second section, a fourth induction coil or the third induction coil heats the third section, and / or a fifth induction coil or the first induction coil heats the fourth section. This allows the different sections, which may, for example, have different diameters, to be heated. It is also conceivable for the second induction coil to heat the ring and a sixth induction coil to heat the bushing.

[0020] It is also advantageous if the sleeve unit, in particular the base body, and / or the shaft unit, in particular the shaft core, is heated to a maximum temperature of 250°C. This way, any changes to the structure of the sleeve unit and / or the shaft unit can be avoided. In the case of an assembly designed as a coil bearing unit, the base body and the shaft core are the components that are to be reconditioned. Since the base body of the sleeve unit accommodates the coils in the case of an assembly designed as a coil bearing unit, any changes to the structure must be avoided here. The shaft core can, for example, comprise raceways for at least one of the rolling bearings, which is why any changes to the structure must be avoided here too. Thus, particular attention should be paid to adhering to the temperature limits and avoiding changes to the structure of the base body and / or the shaft core.It is also advantageous if a cage and / or at least one rolling element of the at least one rolling bearing is removed, wherein an outer ring of the at least one rolling bearing is preferably subsequently separated and / or pulled off the shaft core. The at least one rolling bearing, in particular the first rolling bearing and / or second rolling bearing, is designed as an integrated and / or partially integrated rolling bearing. The inner ring or the inner raceway of the at least one rolling bearing is provided by the shaft core. By removing the cage and / or the at least one rolling element of the at least one rolling bearing, the separation, disassembly and / or pulling off of the at least one rolling bearing designed as an integrated and / or partially integrated rolling bearing can be ensured.

[0021] It is also advantageous if the shaft core of the shaft unit and / or the base body of the sleeve unit are reconditioned, in particular cleaned and / or derusted. As already described above, this allows the base body of the sleeve unit and / or the shaft core of the shaft unit, which are complex to manufacture, to be reused. These can be reused in a reconditioned assembly in a resource-efficient manner.

[0022] It is advantageous if the shaft core of the shaft unit and / or the base body of the sleeve unit is derusted and / or cleaned, in particular with the aid of a cleaning unit. The adhesive is preferably removed during cleaning, in particular with the cleaning unit. This makes it possible to use the shaft core of the shaft unit and / or the base body of the sleeve unit in the reconditioned assembly. The shaft core of the shaft unit and / or the base body of the sleeve unit can thus have a surface quality comparable to new parts or spare parts. The cleaning unit can, for example, be designed as a laser unit that uses a laser to remove contaminants, adhesive and / or rust.Additionally or alternatively, the cleaning unit can be designed, for example, as a chemical cleaning unit, in particular as a cleaning vessel with a chemical liquid, so that the shaft core of the shaft unit and / or the base body of the sleeve unit is cleaned and / or derusted with the aid of a chemical immersion bath.

[0023] It is advantageous if an inner raceway arranged on the shaft core for the at least one rolling bearing is reconditioned by removing material, in particular by milling, turning or grinding. As already described above, at least one of the rolling bearings, in particular the first rolling bearing and / or second rolling bearing, is preferably designed as an integrated and / or partially integrated rolling bearing. The inner raceway is arranged on the shaft core of the shaft unit. Damage can be removed by removing material, in particular by milling, turning and / or grinding, from the inner raceway arranged on the shaft core. This damage, for example wear, indentations, smearing, surface disruption, peeling and / or cracks, can often be removed and / or reduced by material removal. This reduces the pitch circle of the at least one rolling bearing.The inner raceway is then free of damage and the shaft core can be used for the reconditioned assembly.

[0024] It is also advantageous if the shaft core is reconditioned by removing material, particularly by milling, turning, or grinding, near the inner raceway, especially from the inner raceway to a shaft end of the assembly. This can facilitate the assembly of the reconditioned assembly, as rolling elements and / or cages with a reduced pitch circle can be mounted more easily.

[0025] It is also advantageous if the first cover, the second cover, the ring, the bushing, the at least one rolling bearing, the cage of at least one of the rolling bearings, and / or the rolling elements of at least one of the rolling bearings are replaced and / or exchanged with at least one, in particular identically designed, spare part. These components are simple in terms of design and / or manufacturing technology and / or are mass-produced. By replacing at least one of the components with the spare part, the reconditioned assembly can be manufactured or produced together with new assemblies.

[0026] If the at least one rolling bearing, in particular the second rolling bearing, is designed as a mass product with an inner and outer ring, this is preferably replaced by a spare part. If the at least one rolling bearing, in particular the first rolling bearing, is designed as an integrated and / or partially integrated rolling bearing, the cage and / or at least one of the rolling elements is preferably replaced by at least one, in particular identically designed, spare part. Additionally or alternatively, two of the rolling bearings can also be designed as integrated and / or partially integrated rolling bearings, whereby the cage and / or the rolling elements of both rolling bearings are replaced and / or exchanged for the at least one, in particular identically designed, spare part.

[0027] It is advantageous if the outer ring of at least one rolling bearing is replaced with a new outer ring, particularly one that matches the shaft core, which has been reconditioned by removing material from the inner raceway. This leads to a reduction in the pitch circle diameter of the rolling bearing. This reduction can be compensated for by modifying the outer ring. It is also conceivable that the cage for the first rolling bearing and / or second rolling bearing could also be replaced to compensate for the reduced pitch circle diameter.

[0028] It is advantageous if the reconditioned shaft core of the shaft unit, the reconditioned base body of the sleeve unit, the at least one spare part, and the new outer ring are assembled and / or connected to form a reconditioned assembly. The reconditioned assembly can be manufactured with comparable quality to new assemblies through the reconditioning steps described above. This allows for more resource-efficient assemblies to be provided.

[0029] Furthermore, a processing device is proposed. According to the invention, the processing unit is designed to carry out the method according to the preceding description, wherein the aforementioned features can be present individually or in any combination.

[0030] According to the invention, the processing device comprises at least one heating unit for heating, in particular inductive heating, a receiving unit for receiving, a stripping unit, a cleaning unit for cleaning and / or derusting, a manipulation unit for moving, and / or a processing unit for processing the assembly. The sections and / or components described above can be heated by the heating unit, in particular with the at least one induction coil. The assembly can be picked up with the aid of the receiving unit so that the heating unit can act on the assembly. For example, the receiving unit can pick up the assembly with the aid of gripping means which pick up the assembly, for example, in the region of the base body of the sleeve unit.

[0031] The cleaning unit is preferably designed as described above. For example, the cleaning unit can be a laser unit with a laser head that can clean, derust, and / or remove adhesive from the assembly. Additionally or alternatively, the cleaning unit can be a chemical cleaning unit with a cleaning vessel filled with a chemical liquid. With the help of the manipulation unit, the assembly can be immersed in the cleaning device. The manipulation unit can, for example, move the assembly picked up by the receiving unit. For example, it is conceivable that the assembly is rotated depending on the removal direction of individual components of the assembly. The removal direction, in which the components of the assembly are removed or separated, runs along the longitudinal axis.By moving, in particular rotating, the assembly, the withdrawal direction can be adjusted so that gravity points in the direction of withdrawal, thereby facilitating the separation and / or removal of the components. Additionally or alternatively, it is conceivable for the components to be separated using a withdrawal force, for example, exerted by a separation unit. Thus, the components can also be separated from one another in a horizontal position. The machining unit can, for example, comprise a milling head, turning head, and / or grinding head, so that the assembly, in particular the inner raceway, can be machined.

[0032] Further advantages of the invention are described in the following exemplary embodiments. It shows:

[0033] Figure 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through an assembly according to an embodiment,

[0034] Figure 2 shows a schematic longitudinal section through the assembly according to the embodiment of Figure 1 and a schematic processing device,

[0035] Figure 3 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a prepared assembly similar to the embodiments of Figures 1 and 2 and

[0036] Figure 4 shows a schematic longitudinal section through an assembly according to an alternative embodiment.

[0037] In the following description of the figures, the same reference numerals are used for identical and / or at least comparable features in the various figures. The individual features, their design, and / or mode of operation are usually only explained in detail when first mentioned. If individual features are not explained in detail again, their design and / or mode of operation correspond to the design and mode of operation of the features with the same or identical functions already described.

[0038] Figure 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through an assembly 1 according to an exemplary embodiment. The assembly 1 comprises a sleeve unit 2 and a shaft unit 3. The shaft unit 3 is arranged at least partially within the sleeve unit 2. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the assembly 1 is designed, for example, as a coil bearing unit. In the exemplary embodiment shown, both the sleeve unit 2 and the shaft unit 3 are designed to be rotationally symmetrical and / or rotationally symmetrical along a longitudinal axis 12 of the assembly 1.

[0039] In the illustrated embodiment, assembly 1 comprises a plurality of components. Thus, assembly 1 comprises a shaft core 11, which, in the case of assembly 1 designed as a spool bearing unit, is stationary or fixed, or can be driven. For example, shaft core 11 is connected to a textile machine (not shown) via a bushing 10. Bushing 10 preferably provides the non-displaceable connection of shaft core 11 to the textile machine, in particular to a drive of the textile machine. The shaft core 11 can thus be driven by means of the drive of the textile machine.

[0040] The base body 7 of the sleeve unit 2 is rotatably mounted about the shaft core 11 via at least one rolling bearing 14, 15. The assembly 1 of the illustrated embodiment has a first rolling bearing 14 and a second rolling bearing 15. The first rolling bearing 14 is advantageously designed as a partially integrated and / or integrated rolling bearing. In the first rolling bearing 14 designed as a partially integrated and / or integrated rolling bearing, the shaft core 11 has at least one inner raceway 23 for the first rolling bearing 14, in particular for rolling elements 21 of the first rolling bearing 14. The rolling elements 21 of the first rolling bearing 14 can be received in the inner raceway 23. In the illustrated embodiment, the first rolling bearing 14 is designed as a partially integrated rolling bearing, in which an outer ring 22 is rotatably mounted around the shaft core 11 with the inner raceway 23. The rolling elements 21 are held at a distance from one another by a cage 20.

[0041] It is also conceivable for the first rolling bearing 14 and / or the second rolling bearing 15 to be designed as an integrated and / or partially integrated rolling bearing. Additionally or alternatively, the raceway can be arranged on the base body 7 of the sleeve unit 2. With integrated rolling bearings, the outer ring 22 is also omitted, which is why the raceways are arranged on the shaft core 11 and the base body 7.

[0042] In the embodiment shown, the shaft unit 3 also comprises a ring 9, which secures the second rolling bearing 15 on the shaft core 11. In addition, the sleeve unit 2 in the embodiment shown comprises an optional first cover 8 and / or second cover 13. In the embodiment shown, the sleeve unit 2 has the base body 7, the second rolling bearing

[0043] 15, the first cover 8 and / or the second cover 13. The first cover 8 and / or the second cover 13 can close the sleeve unit 2 and / or the assembly 1 along the longitudinal axis 12 so that no contaminants can penetrate. This is particularly necessary for the use of the assembly 1 in textile machines. The shaft unit 3 preferably has the shaft core 11, the bushing 10, the ring 9 and / or the first rolling bearing 14. The first rolling bearing 14 and / or the second rolling bearing 15 can also be considered independent of the shaft unit 3 and the sleeve unit 2.

[0044] The aforementioned components, i.e. the shaft core 11, the base body 7, the first rolling bearing 14, the second rolling bearing 15, the first cover 8, the second cover 13, the ring 9 and / or the bushing 10 are connected to one another directly and / or indirectly via at least one material-to-material connection 4 and / or press connection 6. For example, the ring 9 and / or the bushing 10 is connected to the shaft core 11 by means of the at least one press connection 6. The first cover 8 and / or the second cover 13 is connected to the base body 7 by means of the at least one press connection 6. The first rolling bearing 14 and / or the second rolling bearing 15 is connected to the base body 7 by means of the at least one material-to-material connection 4. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the at least one material-to-material connection 4 is designed as an adhesive connection.Thus, an adhesive 5 is arranged in the adhesive connection of the first rolling bearing 14 and / or the second rolling bearing 15 to the base body 7.

[0045] To disassemble and / or separate the assembly 1, according to the proposed method, it is preferably heated in the region of a first section 16, a second section 17, a third section 18, a fourth section 19, and / or the ring 9 or the bushing 10. This is shown in Figure 2 and explained in more detail in the following description.

[0046] Figure 2 shows a schematic longitudinal section through the assembly 1 according to the embodiment of Figure 1 as well as a schematic processing device 28. The processing device 28 is designed to carry out the proposed method for disassembling and / or processing the assembly 1. In the embodiment shown, the processing device 28 has at least one heating unit 29, a receiving unit 31, a cleaning unit 33, a manipulation unit 35 and / or a processing unit 36. It should be noted that the method according to the invention can also be carried out with an alternatively designed processing device 28 or without such a processing device 28. In the embodiment of Figure 2, the assembly 1 is already partially disassembled. The respective press connection 6 between the first cover 8 and / or the second cover 13 and the base body 7 has already been released.For this purpose, the assembly 1 was heated in the region of the first section 16 and / or the second section 17, preferably with the aid of the heating unit 29 of the processing device 28. The first cover 8 and the second cover 13 are already separated from the assembly 1. Likewise, the ring 9 and the bushing 10 have already been separated from the assembly 1 by heating. The heating unit 29 can, for example, comprise at least one induction coil 30, which acts inductively on the first cover 8, the second cover 13, the base body 7, the shaft core 11, the bushing 10 and / or the ring 9. Inductive action is to be understood as the inductive interaction between the induction coil 30 and one of the aforementioned components.Since the first section 16, the second section 17, the third section 18, the fourth section 19, the bushing 10 and / or the ring 9 have different diameters in the embodiment shown, the heating unit 29 can comprise a plurality of induction coils 30 which are adapted to the respective section 16, 17, 18, 19, to the bushing 10 and / or the ring 9.

[0047] In the illustrated embodiment, the heating unit 29 with the induction coil 30 is arranged on the third section 18 and can thus act on it inductively. The base body 7 of the sleeve unit 2 is inductively heated in the region of the third section 18. As a result of the heating, the material-to-material connection 4, designed as an adhesive connection, between the outer ring 22 of the first rolling bearing 14 and the base body 7 of the sleeve unit 2 can be severed. The heating can reduce the adhesive force and / or the cohesive force of the adhesive 5. In addition, the base body 7 expands in the region of the third section 18, whereby the adhesive 5 is also stretched or stressed. As a result, the shaft unit 3 and the sleeve unit 2 can be separated from one another. It should be noted that the adhesive 5 remains at least partially adhered to the outer ring 22 and / or the base body 7.The adhesive bond, as shown in Figure 1, is already separated in the embodiment shown in Figure 2. The shaft unit 3 can thus be separated or removed from the sleeve unit 2 along the longitudinal axis 12. This is precisely what is shown in the embodiment shown in Figure 2.

[0048] Disassembly of the assembly 1, which is particularly designed as a bearing unit, can be carried out, for example, using the following steps, in particular in the order mentioned below or in the opposite order. Heating the sleeve unit 2 in the region of the first section 16, the fourth section 19, the ring 9, and / or the bushing 10, and separating and / or pulling off the first cover 8, the ring 9, the bushing 10, and / or the second rolling bearing 15 from the base body 7 of the sleeve unit 2 and / or the shaft core 11 of the shaft unit 3. Heating the assembly 1 in the region of the second section 17 and / or the third section 18, and separating and / or pulling off the second cover 13 and / or a first rolling bearing 14 from the base body 7 of the sleeve unit 2 and / or the shaft core 11 of the shaft unit 3.

[0049] It is also conceivable that the above sequence is reversed accordingly, so that the second section 17 and the third section 18 are heated first, whereby the corresponding components can be removed and / or separated by heating. Subsequently, the first section 16, the ring 9, the bushing 10, and the fourth section 19 can be heated. As a result, the press connections 6 and the integral connections 4 can be heated, removed, and / or separated first on one side of the assembly 1 and subsequently on the other side of the assembly spaced apart along the longitudinal axis 12.

[0050] The assembly 1 can be picked up by a picking unit 31 during disassembly. The picking unit 31 can comprise gripping means 32 which, as shown in the exemplary embodiment shown, pick up the base body 7 of the sleeve unit 2. Additionally or alternatively, the gripping means 32 can pick up and / or grip the assembly 1 on one of the other components of the shaft unit 3 and / or the sleeve unit 2. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the processing device 28 also comprises a manipulation unit 35. The manipulation unit 35 can, for example, move the picking unit 31, in particular rotationally and / or translationally, so that the assembly 1 is rotatable during the process. Depending on the process step, the assembly 1 can be rotated in such a way that gravity facilitates the separation of the individual components.In the method step of the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 2, the shaft unit 3 is separated from the sleeve unit 2, in particular automatically, using gravity, for example. The shaft unit 3 thus falls out of the sleeve unit 2. In addition to or as an alternative to gravity, the separation can be carried out and / or facilitated by a pulling force. For example, the manipulation unit 35 can have a pulling means by which the individual components can be separated from one another, in particular without the rotational and / or translational movement.

[0051] Once the shaft unit 3 is separated from the sleeve unit 2, the adhesive bond or adhesive 5 in the area of ​​the fourth section 19 can be separated using the heating unit 29. This also allows the second rolling bearing 15 to be separated from the base body 7. The first rolling bearing 14 can be separated from the shaft core 11, for example, by destroying, deforming, and / or removing the cage 20. Additionally or alternatively, the outer ring 22 of the first rolling bearing 14 can be destroyed and / or removed. Thus, all components of the assembly 1 are subsequently separated from one another.

[0052] Subsequently, the base body 7 and / or the shaft core 11 can be reconditioned. For this purpose, the reconditioning device 28 shown in the exemplary embodiment shown comprises the cleaning unit 33 and / or the processing unit 36. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the cleaning unit 33 is designed as a laser unit and has, for example, a laser head 34, with the aid of which the base body 7 and / or the shaft core 11 can be cleaned and / or derusted. Additionally or alternatively, the cleaning unit 33 can be designed as a chemical cleaning unit with a cleaning vessel filled with a chemical liquid. With the aid of the manipulation unit 35, the assembly can be immersed in the cleaning vessel. With the aid of the cleaning unit 33, residues of the adhesive 5 can also be removed from the base body 7 and / or the shaft core 11.If necessary, residues of the adhesive 5 can also be removed from other components, in particular the first rolling bearing 14 and / or the second rolling bearing 15. This can simplify and / or improve the processing and / or recycling of at least one of the rolling bearings 14, 15.

[0053] Once the base body 7 and / or the shaft core 11 have been cleaned and / or derusted, they can be (re-)machined, in particular ground, turned and / or milled, in particular with the aid of the machining unit 36. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the machining unit 36 ​​has a milling head 37 which can machine the inner raceway 23 of the shaft core 11. The inner raceway 23 can thus be reconditioned by removing material. Additionally or alternatively, the machining unit 36 ​​can have a grinding device for grinding and / or a turning device for turning the inner raceway 23. Additionally or alternatively, the assembly 1 can be reconditioned next to the inner raceway 23, in particular from the inner raceway 23 to a shaft end 24. This can make it easier to slide on rolling elements 21, in particular those with a smaller pitch circle diameter, after the shaft core 11 has been reconditioned.Following the reconditioning of the base body 7 and / or the shaft core 11, the assembly 1 can be reassembled or prepared for assembly. This assembly 1 can be referred to as the reconditioned assembly 27. The reconditioned assembly 27 is shown in a disassembled state, i.e., prior to assembly, in the embodiment shown in Figure 3.

[0054] Figure 3 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a reconditioned assembly 27 similar to the embodiments of Figures 1 and 2. In contrast to the previous embodiments, spare parts 25 are shown for the first cover 8, the second cover 13, the ring 9, the second rolling bearing 15, the rolling elements 21 of the first rolling bearing 14, and the cage 20 of the first rolling bearing 14. The spare parts 25 replace the aforementioned components in an identical or at least equivalent form. Thus, they are indicated (in addition to the reference number of the spare part 25) with the same reference numbers as the components to be replaced. The outer ring 22 has been replaced with a new outer ring 26, which has a smaller pitch circle diameter for the rolling elements 21. The new outer ring 22 thus compensates for the machined inner raceway 23 of the shaft core 11.The base body 7 of the sleeve unit 2 and the shaft core 11 of the shaft unit 3 are taken from the previous exemplary embodiments in a reconditioned, in particular cleaned, derusted, and / or machined form. The assembly sequence of the reconditioned assembly 27 can be correspondingly reversed to the disassembly sequence. Additionally or alternatively, particularly in the case of increased wear and / or damage, the base body 7 of the sleeve unit 2 and / or the shaft core 11 of the shaft unit 3, as well as the outer ring 22, can also be provided as identical or at least equivalent spare parts or new parts.

[0055] Figure 4 shows a schematic longitudinal section through an assembly 1 according to an alternative embodiment. In contrast to the embodiments of Figures 1 to 3, the first rolling bearing 14 is designed as a fully integrated bearing. In other words, the first rolling bearing 14 shown here has no inner ring and no outer ring. The inner raceway 23 of the first rolling bearing 14 shown here is also arranged on the shaft core 11. The base body 7 of the sleeve unit 2 at least partially comprises an outer raceway 39. In the embodiment shown, the rolling elements 21 are secured by means of a positive connection 38, so that during intended use of the assembly 1, the rolling bearings cannot be removed without damage from the inner raceway 23 and / or the outer raceway 39. Such positive connections 38 can be provided by undercuts, toothings, and / or stops.In the illustrated embodiment, the positive connection 38 is designed as at least one stop that prevents displacement of the rolling elements 21 of the first rolling bearing 14 along the longitudinal axis 12. The stop can at least partially encompass the outer raceway 39.

[0056] To separate and / or pull the sleeve unit 2 from the shaft unit 3 and / or the first rolling bearing 14, the sleeve unit 2 is preferably heated in the region of the third section 18. As a result, the sleeve unit 2 is heated in sections and / or partially and thus expands. This allows undercuts, toothing, and / or stops to be overcome, and the sleeve unit 2 can be separated from the shaft unit 3. Additionally or alternatively, the cage 20 of the first rolling bearing 14 can be removed and / or destroyed.

[0057] The steps preceding and / or following this method step, i.e., heating the third section 18 and releasing the first rolling bearing 14, may be the same as or at least similar to the steps described in the preceding embodiments of Figures 1 to 3. List of reference symbols

[0058] 1 assembly

[0059] 2 sleeve unit

[0060] 3 shaft unit

[0061] 4 material connection

[0062] 5 Adhesive

[0063] 6 Press connection

[0064] 7 basic bodies

[0065] 8 first lid

[0066] 9 rings

[0067] 10 socket

[0068] 11 Wave core

[0069] 12 Longitudinal axis

[0070] 13 second lid

[0071] 14 first rolling bearing

[0072] 15 second rolling bearing

[0073] 16 first section

[0074] 17 second section

[0075] 18 third section

[0076] 19 fourth section

[0077] 20 cages

[0078] 21 rolling elements

[0079] 22 Outer ring

[0080] 23 inner career

[0081] 24 shaft end

[0082] 25 spare parts

[0083] 26 new outer ring

[0084] 27 reconditioned assemblies

[0085] 28 Treatment device

[0086] 29 Heating unit 30 Induction coil

[0087] 31 Recording unit

[0088] 32 gripping medium

[0089] 33 Cleaning unit 34 Laser head

[0090] 35 Manipulation unit

[0091] 36 processing units

[0092] 37 milling head

[0093] 38 Positive connection 39 Outer raceway

Claims

Patent claims 1 . Method for dismantling and / or reconditioning an assembly (1), wherein a sleeve unit (2) and a shaft unit (3) of the assembly arranged at least partially within the sleeve unit (2) (1 ) are separated by, in particular inductive and / or local, heating, characterized in that at least one material connection (4) and / or positive connection (38) on the shaft unit (3), on the sleeve unit (2) and / or between the shaft unit (3) and the sleeve unit (2) is released by the, in particular inductive and / or local, heating.

2. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the material-to-material connection (4) is designed as an adhesive connection, wherein the adhesion and / or cohesion force of an adhesive (5) of the adhesive connection is reduced by the heating.

3. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaft unit (3) and / or the sleeve unit (2) is expanded at least partially and / or in sections in the region of the at least one material-locking connection (4) and / or form-fitting connection (38) by heating, so that the material-locking connection (4) and / or form-fitting connection (38) is released.

4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one press connection (6) is provided on the len unit (3), on the sleeve unit (2) and / or between the shaft unit (3) and the sleeve unit (2) by heating, in particular inductive and / or local heating.

5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sleeve unit (2) and / or the shaft unit (3) is heated in the region of at least one section (16, 17, 18, 19) so that the at least one press connection (6), the at least one material connection (4) and / or the at least one positive connection (38) between at least one rolling bearing (14, 15) and the sleeve unit (2) and / or the at least one rolling bearing (14, 15) and the shaft unit (3) is released.

6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when dismantling an assembly (1) designed as a bearing unit, at least one of the following steps is carried out, wherein the steps preferably follow one another in the following or opposite order: - Heating the assembly (1) in the region of a first section (16), a fourth section (19), a ring (9) and / or a bushing (10), and separating and / or pulling off a first cover (8), the ring (9), the bushing (10) and / or a second rolling bearing (15) from a base body (7) of the sleeve unit (2) and / or a shaft core (11) of the shaft unit (3), and / or - Heating the assembly (1) in the region of a second section (17) and / or a third section (18) and separating and / or pulling off a second cover (13) and / or a first rolling bearing (14) from the base body (7) of the sleeve unit (2) and / or the shaft core (11) of the shaft unit (3).

7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sleeve unit (2), in particular the base body (7), and / or the shaft unit (3), in particular the shaft core (11), is heated to a maximum temperature of 250°C.

8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a cage (20) and / or at least one rolling element (21) of the at least one rolling bearing (14, 15) is removed, wherein preferably subsequently an outer ring (22) of the at least one rolling bearing (14, 15) is separated and / or removed from the shaft core (11).

9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in particular with the aid of a cleaning unit (33), the shaft core (11) of the shaft unit (3) and / or the base body (7) of the sleeve unit (2) is derusted and / or cleaned, wherein the adhesive (5) is preferably removed during cleaning.

10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an inner raceway (23) arranged on the shaft core (11) for the at least one rolling bearing (14, 15) is prepared by removing material, in particular by milling, turning and / or grinding.

11. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shaft core (11) is processed next to the inner raceway (23), in particular from the inner raceway (23) to a shaft end (24) of the assembly (1), by removing material, in particular by milling or grinding.

12. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first cover (8), the second cover (13), the ring (9), the bushing (10), the at least one rolling bearing (14, 15), the Cage (20) of at least one of the rolling bearings (14, 15) and / or the rolling elements (21) of at least one of the rolling bearings (14, 15) are replaced and / or exchanged with at least one identically designed spare part (25).

13. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer ring (22) of at least one of the rolling bearings (14, 15) is exchanged for a new outer ring (26) which fits the shaft core (11) which has been prepared by removing material from the inner raceway (23).

14. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reconditioned shaft core (11) of the shaft unit (3), the reconditioned base body (7) of the sleeve unit (2), the at least one spare part (25) and the new outer ring (22) are assembled, mounted and / or connected to one another to form a reconditioned assembly (27).

15. Preparation device for carrying out the method according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the preparation device (28) comprises at least one heating unit (29) for heating, in particular inductively, a receiving unit (31) for receiving, a cleaning unit (33) for cleaning and / or derusting, a manipulation unit (35) for moving and / or a processing unit (36) for processing the assembly (1).

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