Method and apparatus for controlling grinding process of belt-grinding device
The method and apparatus for controlling the grinding process of a belt-grinding device address the challenges of grinding large and complex workpieces by precisely aligning and orienting the grinding belt along the workpiece surface, resulting in improved accuracy and efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/109688
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-07-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-30
AI Technical Summary
Existing belt-grinding devices face challenges in efficiently and accurately grinding large and complex workpieces, such as train frames and vehicle crankshafts, due to limitations in processing capacity and the need for precise force bearing and slip-sensitive postures.
A method and apparatus for controlling the grinding process of a belt-grinding device, which involves obtaining a grinding path along the workpiece surface, selecting a contact point on the grinding belt using an established model, and aligning the contact point with the grinding path points while moving the device. This ensures precise alignment and orientation of the grinding belt, improving the grinding process.
The solution enables more accurate and efficient grinding of complex workpieces by ensuring precise alignment and orientation of the grinding belt, thereby improving the grinding process and adapting to the increasing complexity of workpieces.
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Figure CN2023109688_30012025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING GRINDING PROCESS OF BELT-GRINDING DEVICEFIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates to polishing and grinding techniques, and more particularly, to a method and an apparatus for controlling a grinding process of a belt-grinding device.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] For the semi finishing of large parts, such as a main frame of a train and a crankshaft mechanism of a vehicle, it is challenging for a three-axis or five-axis machine tool to have sufficient and processing capacity to meet the demands. Industrial robots are widely used in such processing because of their high flexibility and customization. In particular, with the increasing size and complexity of a workpiece as well as the development of modern multi-process combination processing, it is increasingly popular to use a robot-aided belt-grinding device to grind or polish the surface of the workpiece. Such a robot-aided belt-grinding device requires an industrial robot to hold the belt-grinding device to grind or polish the target area with a special posture. This kind of special posture should not only be kept without the interference of the surrounding non-processing section, but also maintain the requirements of the belt-grinding in terms of force bearing, slip sensitive posture, etc.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The invention is defined by the claims.
[0004] According to one aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a method for controlling a grinding process of a belt-grinding device, which has at least a grinding belt and a contact wheel for supporting the grinding belt, the method comprising: obtaining a grinding path along a surface of a workpiece to be ground, the grinding path including a number of grinding path points (CF) ; selecting a contact point (CP) on a surface of the grinding belt via an established model of the belt-grinding device; and aligning the contact point (CP) with one of the grinding path points (CF) while moving the belt-grinding device along the grinding path.
[0005] In some embodiments, the grinding path point (CF) is characterized by a path point orientation (CF-Z) perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece, and the contact point is characterized by a contact point orientation (CP-Z’) perpendicular to the surface of the grinding belt.
[0006] In some embodiments, the contact point orientation (CP-Z’) is associated with a tool axis orientation of a tool axis, which is defined by an extended line connecting a geometric centre point of a driving wheel and a geometric centre point of the contact wheel.
[0007] In some embodiments, the aligning the contact point (CP) with one of the grinding path points (CF) comprises: aligning the contact point orientation (CP-Z’) with the path point orientation (CF-Z) .
[0008] In some embodiments, the selecting a contact point on a surface of the grinding belt via an established model of the belt-grinding device comprises: selecting the contact point based on a selected latitudinal line and a selected longitudinal line on the contact wheel, the contact point (CP) corresponding to an intersection point between the selected latitudinal line and the selected longitudinal line, wherein the latitudinal line is a virtual circumferential line on a lateral surface of the contact wheel, and has a latitudinal value corresponding to a selected distance value from one end face of the contact wheel, and wherein the longitudinal line is a virtual longitudinal line on the lateral surface of the contact wheel and parallel to a central axis of the contact wheel, and has a selected angular value with respect to the tool axis.
[0009] In some embodiments, the longitudinal line is selected to be an intersection line formed by a bisecting plane of an available angular grinding range for the contact wheel and the lateral surface of the contact wheel.
[0010] In some embodiments, the aligning the contact point with one of the grinding path points comprises: adjusting the tool axis orientation to change the contact point orientation, such that the contact point orientation (CP-Z’) is always aligned to the path point orientation (CF-Z) .
[0011] In some embodiments, the method may further comprise: calculating an angle between a current orientation of the tool axis and a desired orientation of the tool axis, and rotating the tool axis about a central axis (TCP-Z”) of the contact wheel by said angle, to keep the orientation of the tool axis fixed during the grinding of the workpiece.
[0012] In some embodiments, the grinding path point (CF) is characterized by an XYZ coordination system with a Z-axis indicative of the path point orientation, an X-axis indicative of a moving direction of the belt-grinding device along the grinding path, and a Y-axis perpendicular to the X-axis and Z-axis; and the contact point is characterized by an X’Y’Z’ coordination system with a Z’-axis indicative of the contact point orientation, an X’-axis indicative of a moving direction of the belt-grinding device, and a Y’-axis perpendicular to the X’-axis and Z’-axis.
[0013] In some embodiments, the aligning the contact point (CF) with one of the grinding path points (CF) comprises: aligning the X’Y’Z’ coordination system of the contact point with the XYZ coordination system of one of the grinding path point, such that the X’, Y’ and Z’-axis are respectively aligned with the X, Y and Z-axis.
[0014] In some embodiments, the method may further comprise: rotating the belt-grinding device about the X-axis, the Y-axis or the Z-axis of the grinding path point (CF) by a selected angle.
[0015] In some embodiments, the method may further comprise: rotating the belt-grinding device about a central axis of the contact wheel by a selected angle.
[0016] In some embodiments, the belt-grinding device is mounted on an end effector of a robot.
[0017] According to another aspect of the disclosure, there is provided an apparatus for controlling a grinding process of a belt-grinding device, which has at least a grinding belt and a contact wheel for supporting the grinding belt, the apparatus comprising: a path planning module configured to obtain a grinding path along a surface of a workpiece to be ground, the grinding path including a number of grinding path points; a contact point selection module configured to select a contact point on a surface of the grinding belt via an established model of the belt-grinding device; and an aligning module configured to align the contact point with one of the grinding path points while moving the belt-grinding device along the grinding path.
[0018] According to yet another aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a belt-grinding apparatus comprising: a belt-grinding device having at least a grinding belt and a contact wheel for supporting the grinding belt; a robot having an end effector for holding the belt-grinding device, and a controller associated with or integrated with the robot, the controller configured to: obtain a grinding path along a surface of a workpiece to be ground, the grinding path including a number of grinding path points; select a contact point on a surface of the grinding belt via an established model of the belt-grinding device; and align the contact point with one of the grinding path points while moving the belt-grinding device along the grinding path.
[0019] According to yet another aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium having a computer program stored thereon which, when executed by a processor, may implement the method as described above.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] In the drawings, similar / same reference signs throughout different views generally represent similar / same parts. Drawings are not necessarily on scale. Rather, emphasis is placed upon the illustration of the principles of the present invention. In these drawings:
[0021] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a belt-grinding device mounted on an end effector of a robot according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 2A illustrates a schematic diagram of an exemplary workpiece according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 2B illustrates a schematic diagram of a planned grinding path including a number of grinding path points on a surface of the exemplary workpiece according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic front view of an abstract belt-grinding device and an abstract workpiece, and a schematic side view of the abstract belt-grinding device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of a contact point that corresponds to an intersection point between a latitudinal line and a longitudinal line according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram of an adaptive tool axis control strategy that is applied to the belt-grinding device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic diagram of a fixed tool axis control strategy that is applied to the belt-grinding device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of an exemplary planning strategy for getting into the state of fixed tool axis control according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0029] FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic diagram of different exemplary angular adjustments of the orientation of the contact point about an axis of a grinding path point according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0030] FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram of different exemplary angular adjustments of the orientation of the contact point about another axis of a grinding path point according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0031] FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of different exemplary rotation adjustments of the contact point about yet another axis of a grinding path point according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0032] FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic diagram of different exemplary rotation adjustments of the belt grinding device about a central axis of the contact wheel according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0033] FIG. 12 illustrates a schematic diagram of different exemplary adjustments of the position of the contact point according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0034] FIG. 13 shows a flowchart of a method for controlling a grinding process of a belt-grinding device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0035] FIG. 14 illustrates a functional block diagram of an apparatus for controlling a grinding process of a belt-grinding device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure; and
[0036] FIG. 15 illustrates a functional block diagram of a belt-grinding apparatus for controlling a grinding process according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0037] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0038] Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more details with reference to the drawings. Although the drawings illustrate some embodiments of the present disclosure, it should be appreciated that the present disclosure can be implemented in various manners and should not be interpreted as being limited to the embodiments explained herein. On the contrary, the embodiments are provided to understand the present disclosure in a more thorough and complete way. It should be appreciated that drawings and embodiments of the present disclosure are only for exemplary purposes rather than restricting the protection scope of the present disclosure.
[0039] In the descriptions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the term “includes” and its variants are to be read as open-ended terms that mean “includes, but is not limited to. ” The term “based on” is to be read as “based at least in part on. ” The terms “one embodiment” and “this embodiment” are to be read as “at least one embodiment. ” The following text also can comprise other explicit and implicit definitions.
[0040] Terms such as “right” , “left” , “vertical” , “horizontal” , “top” , “bottom” , “upper” , “lower” , “under” , “below” , “underlying” , “over” , “overlying” , “parallel” , “perpendicular” , etc., used herein are understood to be relative locations as they are oriented and illustrated in the drawings (unless otherwise indicated) . Terms such as “touching” , “on” , “in direct contact” , “abutting” , “directly adjacent to” , etc., mean that at least one element physically contacts another element (without other elements separating the described elements) .
[0041] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular devices and methods only and is not intended to be limiting of this disclosure.
[0042] As mentioned above, it is increasingly popular to use a robot-aided belt-grinding device to grind or polish a surface of a workpiece.
[0043] Typically, either one of the belt-grinding device and the workpiece may be mounted on an end effector of a robot and then moved by the robot along a planned grinding path, such that the target surface of the workpiece may be ground or polished during the grinding of the workpiece. However, in the following description, merely for simplicity, reference will be made to embodiments where a belt-grinding device is mounted on an end effector of a robot. Herein it should be born in mind that unless indicated otherwise or being contradictory to each other, those steps / operations / actions described in a method or an apparatus throughout the description may also be applied to embodiments where a workpiece is mounted on an end effector of a robot.
[0044] Just as an example, FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a belt-grinding device mounted on an end effector of a robot according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0045] As shown in FIG. 1, the belt-grinding device 1 may comprise at least a grinding belt 11 and a contact wheel 12 for supporting the grinding belt 11. In some embodiments, the belt-grinding device 1 may further comprise a driving wheel 12 and one or more optional tension wheels 14, and in such an event, the grinding belt 11 may be then guided around the contact wheel, the driving wheel 11 and the one or more optional tension wheels 14. It is appreciated that with the arrangement of the one or more optional tension wheels 14, the available belt region for grinding the workpiece might be altered, which in some scenarios might be desired.
[0046] In addition, in some embodiments various sensors may be arranged on the belt-grinding device 1. For example, a force measuring member may be arranged on the belt-grinding device 1 for measuring the force with which the grinding belt 11 acts on the workpiece, and / or a posture measuring member may be arranged for measuring the posture information of the belt-grinding device 1 including orientation, acceleration, etc.
[0047] In some embodiments, the robot 2 may be an industrial robot, which is configured to have an end effector to mount or hold the belt-grinding device 1 or the workpiece. As an example, the robot may be one having multiple arms with multiple degrees of freedom, e.g., a two-arm robot with 6 degrees of freedom. In some embodiments, a controller or processor may be associated with or integrated with the robot 1, such that the end effector as well as the belt-grinding device 1 or the workpiece being held or mounted thereon may be guided along a planned grinding path.
[0048] Typically, the grinding path is generated based on a three-dimensional contour of the workpiece, which may be obtained by a 3D laser scanning method. In some embodiments, the grinding path may be generated in advance and stored in a memory. In such a case, the controller or processor related to the robot may retrieve the grinding path from the memory. In some embodiments, the grinding path may be generated or created during the grinding process of the workpiece.
[0049] There are various workpieces having different three-dimensional contours, and the grinding paths may also be different. As an example, FIG. 2A illustrates a schematic diagram of an exemplary workpiece according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, and FIG. 2B illustrates a schematic diagram of a planned grinding path including a number of grinding path points on a surface of the exemplary workpiece according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0050] As shown in FIG. 2A, the exemplary workpiece 3 may for example be a flat cuboid having one of its surface with a recess portion 31 and a protrusion portion 32 arranged in parallel.
[0051] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2B, one or more grinding paths may be planned conforming to the surface of the exemplary workpiece 3 to be ground. In some embodiments, the grinding path may comprise a number of grinding path points on the surface, which may be connected in sequence to form the respective grinding path. The number of grinding path points and the interval between adjacent grinding path points may be tailored depending on the desired accuracy for the grinding.
[0052] In some embodiments, the grinding path point may be characterized by a path point orientation perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece. In yet some embodiments, the grinding path point may be characterized by an XYZ coordination system with a Z-axis indicative of the path point orientation, an X-axis indicative of a moving direction of the belt-grinding device along the grinding path, and a Y-axis perpendicular to the X-axis and Z-axis. For ease of understanding, the X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis are respectively labelled as CF-X, CF-Y and CF-Z in FIG. 2B.
[0053] Those skilled in the art would appreciate that the above shape and structure of the workpiece 3 may pose a great challenge for the control of the belt-grinding device.
[0054] In order to achieve an improved control of the belt-grinding device, the present disclosure proposes a concept of using an established model of the belt-grinding device to select a contact point on the grinding belt and then aligning the contact point with the grinding path point.
[0055] For better understanding of this concept, FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic front view of an abstract belt-grinding device and an abstract workpiece, and a schematic side view of the abstract belt-grinding device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure; and FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of a contact point that corresponds to an intersection point between a latitudinal line and a longitudinal line according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0056] In accordance with the concept of the present disclosure, a model of the belt-grinding device 1 may be firstly established. In such an established model of the belt-grinding device, the belt-grinding device will be parameterized and the associated parameters may include at least a thickness and a width of the grinding belt, a diameter of the contact wheel, a geometric centre point of the contact wheel, a geometric centre point of the driving wheel, an orientation of the belt-grinding device, an available grinding region on the grinding belt, etc.
[0057] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, the orientation of the belt-grinding device may be represented by a tool axis orientation of a tool axis 15, which may be defined by an extended line connecting the geometric centre point of the driving wheel and the geometric centre point of the contact wheel.
[0058] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, the available grinding region on the grinding belt may be characterized by an available angular grinding range from a leftmost available grinding position line P1 on the surface of the contact wheel to a rightmost available grinding position line P2 on the surface of the contact wheel. Herein from a perspective of a side view of the belt grinding device, the leftmost available grinding position line P1 may be defined as a leftmost radial line that connects the geometric centre point of the contact wheel and a leftmost rigidly supported point on the grinding belt, and the rightmost available grinding position line P2 may be defined as a rightmost radial line that connects the geometric centre point of the contact wheel and a rightmost rigidly supported point on the grinding belt. In this event, the available angular grinding range may be further characterized by a first angle A between the leftmost available grinding position line P1 and the tool axis 16 plus a second angle B between the rightmost available grinding position line P2 and the tool axis 16.
[0059] Further, a contact point CP on the grinding belt 11 can also be parameterized and in some embodiments may be determined by an intersection point between a latitudinal line 17 and a longitudinal line 18. As shown in FIG. 4, in some embodiments, the latitudinal line 17 may be defined as a virtual circumferential line on a lateral surface of the contact wheel 12, and has a latitudinal value corresponding to a selected distance value from one end face of the contact wheel 12, while the longitudinal line 18 may be defined as a virtual longitudinal line on the lateral surface of the contact wheel 12 and parallel to a central axis of the contact wheel 12, and has a selected angular value with respect to the tool axis 15.
[0060] In some embodiments, the longitudinal line 18 may be selected to be an intersection line formed by a bisecting plane of the available angular grinding range for the contact wheel and the lateral surface of the contact wheel.
[0061] From the above description, those skilled in the art would appreciate that with the above defined parameters, the position of the contact point CP on the grinding belt can then be freely selected or adjusted by selecting a desired latitudinal line 17 and a desired longitudinal line 18. In some embodiments, the position of the longitudinal line 18 on the contact wheel may be fixed, e.g., in consistent with a bisecting line for the available grinding region on belt or the available angular grinding range, while the position of the latitudinal line 17 may be more freely adjusted. With the above adjusting manner, the position of the contact point CP on the grinding belt may be moved closer to one end face of the contact wheel than another end face of the contact wheel.
[0062] Further, in some embodiments, the grinding path point CF on the surface of the workpiece, the contact point CP on the surface of the grinding belt and the geometric centre point TCP of the contact wheel can be characterized by a path point orientation perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece, a contact point orientation perpendicular to the surface of the grinding belt, and a geometric centre orientation of the contact wheel coincidental with the tool axis orientation, respectively.
[0063] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, the grinding path point CF is characterized by an XYZ coordination system with a Z-axis indicative of the path point orientation, an X-axis indicative of a moving direction of the belt-grinding device along the grinding path, and a Y-axis perpendicular to the X-axis and Z-axis; the contact point CP is characterized by an X’Y’Z’ coordination system with a Z’-axis indicative of the contact point orientation, an X’-axis indicative of a moving direction of the belt-grinding device, and a Y’-axis perpendicular to the X’-axis and Z’-axis; and the geometric centre point TCP of the contact wheel is characterized by an X”Y”Z” coordination system with a Z”-axis indicative of the central axis of the contact wheel, an X”-axis indicative of an opposite direction with respect to the X’-axis direction, and a Y’-axis parallel to the tool axis 15. It is noted that all the above coordination systems follow the right hand rule.
[0064] With the above parameterized model of the belt-grinding device, the grinding process can be easily controlled or adjusted, e.g., by firstly aligning the contact point with one of the grinding path points while moving the belt-grinding device along the grinding path.
[0065] In some embodiments, the aligning the contact point with one of the grinding path points may be accomplished by aligning the path point orientation with the contact point orientation.
[0066] In some embodiments, the aligning may be carried out by aligning the Z-axis (labelled as CF-Z) of the grinding path point with the Z’-axis (labelled as CP-Z) of the contact point. In some embodiments, the aligning may be carried out by aligning the X’Y’Z’ coordination system of the contact point with the XYZ coordination system of one of the grinding path point, such that the X’, Y’ and Z’-axis are respectively aligned with the X, Y and Z-axis.
[0067] Further, with the above aligning method, different tool axis control strategies may be adopted to suit different scenarios. FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram of an adaptive tool axis control strategy that is applied to the belt-grinding device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, and FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic diagram of a fixed tool axis control strategy that is applied to the belt-grinding device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0068] As shown in FIG. 5, for the curved surface of the workpiece, the Z’-axis (labelled as CP-Z) of the contact point may be always aligned with the Z-axis (labelled as CF-Z) of the grinding path point, resulting in an adaptive tool axis control.
[0069] It should be understood that the adaptive tool axis control strategy may not be suitable to all grinding scenarios, especially one with limited operating space. In such an event, a fixed tool axis control strategy may be more appropriate, in which the tool axis orientation will be kept unchanged or fixed during grinding of the workpiece, as can be seen from FIG. 6.
[0070] In order to achieve the above fixed tool axis orientation, in some embodiments the fixed tool axis control strategy may be implemented with respect to the grinding path point one by one after the step of aligning the contact point with the corresponding grinding path point.
[0071] For better understanding of the above implementation method, reference may be made to FIG. 7, which illustrates a schematic diagram of an exemplary planning strategy for getting into the state of fixed tool axis control according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0072] As shown in FIG. 7, with respect to each grinding path point, in order to get into the state of fixed tool axis control, the contact point may be firstly aligned with one of the grinding path points, an angleβbetween a current orientation of the tool axis 15 and a desired orientation of tool axis 15 may then be calculated, and thereafter the tool axis 15 may be rotated about the central axis (i.e., TCP-Z”) of the contact wheel by said angle β. Those skilled in the art would appreciate that by adopting the above planning strategy, the grinding accuracy may be improved as compared to the strategy of directly keeping the tool axis fixed.
[0073] The fixed tool axis control strategy may gain some advantages in certain scenarios. However, there are also some disadvantages with the fixed tool axis control strategy. For example, since the position of the contact point CP on the grinding belt will generally vary with the undulating surface (e.g., a curved surface) of the workpiece to be ground, just as shown in FIG. 6, then in some scenarios, it is possible that the position of the contact point CP on the grinding belt might deviate from the available grinding region on the grinding belt, which is obviously not desired. In such an undesired event, the fixed tool axis might have to be adjusted so as to move the position of the contact point CP back into the available grinding region.
[0074] Therefore, in some scenarios the adaptive tool axis control strategy might gain more advantages over the fixed tool axis control strategy, in part because the posture of the belt-grinding device under the adaptive tool axis control strategy may be more freely adjusted.
[0075] Just as examples, FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic diagram of different exemplary angular adjustments of the orientation of the contact point about an axis of a grinding path point according to one embodiment of the present disclosure; FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic diagram of different exemplary angular adjustments of the orientation of the contact point about another axis of a grinding path point according to one embodiment of the present disclosure; and FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of different exemplary rotation adjustments of the contact point about yet another axis of a grinding path point according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0076] As shown in the upper part of FIG. 8, taken into account of the recess portion 31 proximate to the left side of the contact point CP, the orientation of the tool axis may be tilted towards the left side, while as shown in the lower part of FIG. 8, taken into account of the protrusion portion 32 proximate to the left side of the contact point CP, the orientation of the tool axis may be tilted towards the right side. It is noted that the left side and the right side are defined from the view of the moving direction of the belt-grinding device along the grinding path. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 8, the adjustments of the orientation of the tool axis may be implemented by rotating the belt-grinding device about an X-axis of the grinding path point (labelled as CF-X, which is not seen in FIG. 8 but can be determined by CF-Y and CF-Z with the right hand rule) .
[0077] As shown in the leftmost part of FIG. 9, in order to grind the backward side surface of the protrusion portion 32, the orientation of the tool axis may be tilted towards the forward side, while as shown in the rightward part of FIG. 9, in order to grind the forward side surface of the protrusion portion 32, the orientation of the tool axis may be tilted towards the backward side. It is noted that the backward side and the forward side are defined from the view of the moving direction of the belt-grinding device along the grinding path. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 9, the adjustments of the orientation of the tool axis may be implemented by rotating the belt-grinding device about a Y-axis of the grinding path point (labelled as CF-Y, which is not seen in FIG. 9 but can be determined by CF-X and CF-Z with the right hand rule) .
[0078] As shown in the leftward part of FIG. 10, due to the wide space present on the left side of the workpiece, the belt-grinding device may be transversely oriented, while as shown in the rightward part of FIG. 10, due to the narrow space present between the recess portion 31 and the protrusion portion 32, the belt-grinding device may be vertically oriented. It is noted that the transverse direction and the vertical direction may be defined from a top view of the belt-grinding device and the workpiece to be ground. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 10, the adjustments of the orientation of the belt-grinding device may be implemented by rotating the belt-grinding device about a Z-axis of the grinding path point (labelled as CF-Z, which is not seen in FIG. 10 but can be determined by CF-X and CF-Y with a right hand rule) .
[0079] From the above description, those skilled in the art would then appreciate that the belt-grinding device can be rotated about any of the X-axis, the Y-axis or the Z-axis by a selected angle. In this way, the belt-grinding device may be adapted to more complex contour of the workpiece.
[0080] In addition to or instead of rotating the belt-grinding device about the X-axis, the Y-axis or the Z-axis of the grinding path point, in some embodiments the belt-grinding device may be rotated about other axes, including but not limited to a central axis of the contact wheel.
[0081] Just as an example, FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic diagram of different exemplary rotation adjustments of the belt grinding device about a central axis of the contact wheel according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0082] As shown in the leftward part of FIG. 11, in order to better grind the backward side of the protrusion portion 32, the belt grinding device may be rotated forwardly about a central axis of the contact wheel, while as shown in the rightward part of FIG. 11, in order to better grind the forward side of the protrusion portion 32, the belt grinding device may be rotated backwardly about a central axis of the contact wheel, wherein the central axis of the contact wheel may be represented by the TCP-Z” axis (which is not seen in FIG. 11 but can be determined by TCP-X” and TCP-Y” with the right hand rule) . Herein it is noted that the terms backwardly and forwardly are defined from the view of the moving direction of the belt-grinding device along the grinding path, just as done in FIG. 9.
[0083] Further, in some embodiments the selection of the positon of the contact point may be used to cause different grinding effects on the grinding surface. Just as an example, FIG. 12 illustrates a schematic diagram of different exemplary adjustments of the position of the contact point according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0084] As shown in the upper part of FIG. 12, the positon of the contact point CP may be selected to be a centre point of the available grinding region of the grinding belt, and in such an event, more of the available grinding region may be utilized to grind the surface of the workpiece; while as shown in the lower part of FIG. 12, the positon of the contact point CP may be selected to be a point proximate to one end face of the contact wheel, and in such an event, less of the available grinding region may be utilized to grind the surface of the workpiece.
[0085] With the above different controls of the belt-grinding device, the posture or grinding effects of the belt-grinding may be more freely controlled such that the belt-grinding device may be more adapted to the increasing complex workpiece and its associated machining environment. Also, the grinding efficiency and accuracy may be improved.
[0086] For better understanding of the grinding process, FIG. 13 shows a flowchart of a method for controlling a grinding process of a belt-grinding device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0087] As stated above, the belt-grinding device may have a grinding belt and a contact wheel for supporting the grinding belt. In some embodiments, the belt-grinding device may be a robot-aided belt-grinding device, wherein the belt-grinding device may be mounted on an end effector of the robot. Typically, the robot may be an industrial robot, which may have multiple arms with multiple degrees of freedom.
[0088] As shown in FIG. 13, the method 1300 may comprise: at block 1310, obtaining a grinding path along a surface of a workpiece to be ground, the grinding path including a number of grinding path points.
[0089] In some embodiments, the grinding path may be generated based on the contour of the workpiece and stored in a memory in advance. In some embodiments, the grinding path may be generated during the grinding process of the workpiece.
[0090] At block 1320, selecting a contact point on a surface of the grinding belt via an established model of the belt-grinding device.
[0091] In some embodiments, a model of the belt-grinding device may be established or created and in such an established model, the belt-grinding device may be parameterized, and the associated parameters may include at least a thickness and a width of the grinding belt, a diameter of the contact wheel, a geometric centre point of the contact wheel, a geometric centre point of the driving wheel, an orientation of the belt-grinding device, an available grinding region on belt, etc. In some embodiments, the orientation of the belt-grinding device may be represented by a tool axis orientation of a tool axis, which may be defined by an extended line connecting the geometric centre point of the driving wheel and the geometric centre point of the contact wheel.
[0092] Further, a contact point CP on the grinding belt can be parameterized and in some embodiments may be determined by an intersection point between a latitudinal line and a longitudinal line, wherein the latitudinal line is a virtual circumferential line on a lateral surface of the contact wheel, and has a latitudinal value corresponding to a selected distance value from one end face of the contact wheel, and the longitudinal line is a virtual longitudinal line on the lateral surface of the contact wheel and parallel to a central axis of the contact wheel, and has a selected angular value with respect to the tool axis.
[0093] In some embodiments, the grinding path point is characterized by a path point orientation perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece, and the contact point is characterized by a contact point orientation perpendicular to the surface of the grinding belt.
[0094] In some embodiments, the contact point orientation is associated with a tool axis orientation of a tool axis, which is defined by an extended line connecting a geometric centre point of a driving wheel and a geometric centre point of the contact wheel.
[0095] In some embodiments, the grinding path point is characterized by an XYZ coordination system with a Z-axis indicative of the path point orientation, an X-axis indicative of a moving direction of the belt-grinding device along the grinding path, and a Y-axis perpendicular to the X-axis and Z-axis; and the contact point is characterized by an X’Y’Z’ coordination system with a Z’-axis indicative of the contact point orientation, an X’-axis indicative of a moving direction of the belt-grinding device, and a Y’-axis perpendicular to the X’-axis and Z’-axis.
[0096] In some embodiments, the selecting a contact point on a surface of the grinding belt via an established model of the belt-grinding device may comprise selecting the contact point based on the latitudinal line and the longitudinal line on the contact wheel, the contact point corresponding to an intersection point between the selected latitudinal line and the selected longitudinal line,
[0097] In some embodiments, the longitudinal line may be selected to be an intersection line formed by a bisecting plane of an available angular grinding range for the contact wheel and the lateral surface of the contact wheel.
[0098] In some embodiments, the aligning the contact point with one of the grinding path points may comprise adjusting the tool axis orientation to change the contact point orientation, such that the contact point orientation is always aligned to the path point orientation.
[0099] At block 1330, aligning the contact point with one of the grinding path points while moving the belt-grinding device along the grinding path.
[0100] In some embodiments, the aligning the contact point with one of the grinding path points may comprise aligning the path point orientation with the contact point orientation.
[0101] In some embodiments, the aligning the contact point with one of the grinding path points may comprise aligning the X’Y’Z’ coordination system of the contact point with the XYZ coordination system of one of the grinding path point, such that the X’, Y’ and Z’-axis are respectively aligned with the X, Y and Z-axis.
[0102] In some embodiments, the aligning the contact point with one of the grinding path points may comprise adjusting the tool axis orientation to change the contact point orientation, such that the contact point orientation is always aligned to the path point orientation.
[0103] In addition to the above steps in blocks, in some embodiments, the method 1300 may further comprise: calculating an angle between a current orientation of the tool axis and a desired orientation of tool axis, and rotating the tool axis about the central axis (TCP-Z”) of the contact wheel by said angle, to keep the orientation of the tool axis fixed during the grinding of the workpiece.
[0104] In some embodiments, the method 1300 may further comprise: rotating the belt-grinding device about the X-axis, the Y-axis or the Z-axis of the grind point by a selected angle. In some embodiments, the method 1300 may further comprise: rotating the belt-grinding device about a central axis of the contact wheel by a selected angle.
[0105] FIG. 14 illustrates a functional block diagram of an apparatus for controlling a grinding process of a belt-grinding device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0106] As shown in FIG. 14, the apparatus 1400 for controlling a grinding process of a belt-grinding device may comprise: a path planning module 1410 configured to obtain a grinding path along a surface of a workpiece to be ground, the grinding path including a number of grinding path points; a contact point selection module 1420 configured to select a contact point on a surface of the grinding belt via an established model of the belt-grinding device; and an aligning module 1430 configured to align the contact point with one of the grinding path points while moving the belt-grinding device along the grinding path.
[0107] In some embodiments, the path planning module 1410 may be configured to generate a grinding path along a surface of a workpiece based on the contour of the workpiece.
[0108] In some embodiments, the contact point selection module 1420 may be configured to select the contact point based on a selected latitudinal line and a selected longitudinal line on the contact wheel, the contact point corresponding to an intersection point between the selected latitudinal line and the selected longitudinal line. In some embodiments, the longitudinal line is selected to be an intersection line formed by a bisecting plane of an available angular grinding range for the contact wheel and the lateral surface of the contact wheel.
[0109] In some embodiments, the aligning module 1430 may be configured to align the path point orientation with the contact point orientation. In some embodiments, the aligning module 1430 may be configured to adjust the tool axis orientation to change the contact point orientation, such that the contact point orientation is always aligned to the path point orientation. In some embodiment, the aligning module 1430 may be configured to align the X’Y’Z’ coordination system of the contact point with the XYZ coordination system of one of the grinding path point, such that the X’, Y’ and Z’-axis are respectively aligned with the X, Y and Z-axis.
[0110] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further comprise an adjusting module 1440, which may be configured to rotate the belt-grinding device about the X-axis, the Y-axis or the Z-axis of the grind point by a selected angle. In some embodiments, the adjusting module 1440 may be further configured to rotate the belt-grinding device about the central axis of the contact wheel by a selected angle.
[0111] In some embodiments, the adjusting module 1440 may be further configured to calculate an angle between a current orientation of the tool axis and a desired orientation of tool axis, and rotate the tool axis about the central axis (TCP-Z”) of the contact wheel by said angle, to keep the orientation of the tool axis fixed during the grinding of the workpiece.
[0112] FIG. 15 illustrates a functional block diagram of a belt-grinding apparatus for controlling a grinding process according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0113] As shown in FIG. 15, the belt-grinding apparatus 4 may comprise: a belt-grinding device 1 having at least a grinding belt and a contact wheel for supporting the grinding belt; a robot 2 having an end effector for holding the belt-grinding device, and a controller 3 associated with or integrated with the robot, the controller configured to implement the above method for controlling a grinding process of the belt-grinding device 1.
[0114] In addition, in some embodiments, there is also provided a computer readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by a processor or a controller, cause a belt-grinding apparatus to implement the method as described above.
[0115] In some embodiments, the computer readable storage medium may include but not be limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0116] Various implementations of the present disclosure have been described in detail above. It should be noted that these various implementations of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof
[0117] In addition, although the above method is described with steps in sequence. The order of the steps in the method may be changed, reordered, combined, omitted, modified, etc., as appropriate for different application scenarios. In addition, functions in different modules or blocks in a block diagram can be integrated in one same module or block, or a function in one module or block can be implemented in two or more discrete modules or blocks.
[0118] Other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the scope.
Claims
1.A method for controlling a grinding process of a belt-grinding device (1) , which has at least a grinding belt (11) and a contact wheel (12) for supporting the grinding belt (11) , the method comprising:obtaining a grinding path along a surface of a workpiece (3) to be ground, the grinding path including a number of grinding path points (CF) ;selecting a contact point (CP) on a surface of the grinding belt (11) via an established model of the belt-grinding device (1) ; andaligning the contact point (CP) with one of the grinding path points (CF) while moving the belt-grinding device (1) along the grinding path.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the grinding path point (CF) is characterized by a path point orientation (CF-Z) perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece, and the contact point is characterized by a contact point orientation (CP-Z’) perpendicular to the surface of the grinding belt (11) .3.The method of claim 2, wherein the contact point orientation (CP-Z’) is associated with a tool axis orientation of a tool axis (15) , which is defined by an extended line connecting a geometric centre point of a driving wheel (13) and a geometric centre point of the contact wheel (12) .4.The method of any of claims 2 and 3, wherein the aligning the contact point (CP) with one of the grinding path points (CF) comprises:aligning the contact point orientation (CP-Z’) with the path point orientation (CF-Z) .5.The method of any of claims 3-4, wherein the selecting a contact point on a surface of the grinding belt via an established model of the belt-grinding device comprises:selecting the contact point based on a selected latitudinal line (17) and a selected longitudinal line (18) on the contact wheel (12) , the contact point (CP) corresponding to an intersection point between the selected latitudinal line and the selected longitudinal line,wherein the latitudinal line (17) is a virtual circumferential line on a lateral surface of the contact wheel, and has a latitudinal value corresponding to a selected distance value from one end face of the contact wheel, andwherein the longitudinal line (18) is a virtual longitudinal line on the lateral surface of the contact wheel and parallel to a central axis of the contact wheel, and has a selected angular value with respect to the tool axis.6.The method of claim 5, wherein the longitudinal line (18) is selected to be an intersection line formed by a bisecting plane (19) of an available angular grinding range for the contact wheel (12) and the lateral surface of the contact wheel (12) .7.The method of any of claims 3-6, wherein the aligning the contact point with one of the grinding path points comprises:adjusting the tool axis orientation to change the contact point orientation, such that the contact point orientation (CP-Z’) is always aligned to the path point orientation (CF-Z) .8.The method of any of claims 3-7, further comprising:calculating an angle between a current orientation of the tool axis (15) and a desired orientation of the tool axis (15) , androtating the tool axis about a central axis (TCP-Z”) of the contact wheel by said angle, to keep the orientation of the tool axis (15) fixed during the grinding of the workpiece.9.The method of any of claims 2-8, wherein the grinding path point (CF) is characterized by an XYZ coordination system with a Z-axis indicative of the path point orientation, an X-axis indicative of a moving direction of the belt-grinding device along the grinding path, and a Y-axis perpendicular to the X-axis and Z-axis; and the contact point is characterized by an X’Y’Z’ coordination system with a Z’-axis indicative of the contact point orientation, an X’-axis indicative of a moving direction of the belt-grinding device, and a Y’-axis perpendicular to the X’-axis and Z’-axis.10.The method of claim 9, wherein the aligning the contact point (CF) with one of the grinding path points (CF) comprises:aligning the X’Y’Z’ coordination system of the contact point with the XYZ coordination system of one of the grinding path point, such that the X’, Y’ and Z’-axis are respectively aligned with the X, Y and Z-axis.11.The method of claim 9, further comprising:rotating the belt-grinding device (1) about the X-axis, the Y-axis or the Z-axis of the grinding path point (CF) by a selected angle.12.The method of any of the preceding claims, further comprising:rotating the belt-grinding device (1) about a central axis of the contact wheel by a selected angle.13.The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the belt-grinding device is mounted on an end effector of a robot (2) .14.An apparatus for controlling a grinding process of a belt-grinding device (1) , which has at least a grinding belt (11) and a contact wheel (12) for supporting the grinding belt, the apparatus comprising:a path planning module (1410) configured to obtain a grinding path along a surface of a workpiece to be ground, the grinding path including a number of grinding path points;a contact point selection module (1420) configured to select a contact point on a surface of the grinding belt via an established model of the belt-grinding device; andan aligning module (1430) configured to align the contact point with one of the grinding path points while moving the belt-grinding device along the grinding path.15.A belt-grinding apparatus (5) comprising:a belt-grinding device (1) having at least a grinding belt (11) and a contact wheel (12) for supporting the grinding belt;a robot (2) having an end effector for holding the belt-grinding device, anda controller (4) associated with or integrated with the robot, the controller configured to:obtain a grinding path along a surface of a workpiece to be ground, the grinding path including a number of grinding path points;select a contact point on a surface of the grinding belt via an established model of the belt-grinding device; andalign the contact point with one of the grinding path points while moving the belt-grinding device along the grinding path.16.A computer readable medium having a computer program stored thereon which, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any one of claims 10 to 13.
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