Communication method and device based on carrier wave signal

Abstract

Provided are a method by which a first device communicates wirelessly and a device supporting same. The first device may: perform first transmission to a second device; and perform second transmission by reflecting a carrier wave (CW) signal received from the second device in response to the first transmission. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of information or data for requesting the CW signal.

Description

Communication method and device based on carrier wave signal

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR, the successor to LTE (long-term evolution), is a new clean-slate mobile communications system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

[0004] Maximum data rate per device: 1 Tbps, E2E latency: 1 ms, Maximum spectral efficiency: 100 bps / Hz, Mobility support: Up to 1000 km / hr, Satellite integration: Fully AI, Fully autonomous driving, Fully XR, Fully haptic communication

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for performing wireless communication by a first device may be provided. For example, the method may include the steps of performing a first transmission to a second device; and performing a second transmission by reflecting a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device in response to the first transmission. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device configured to perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: perform a first transmission to a second device; and, in response to the first transmission, to reflect a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device, thereby performing a second transmission. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: perform a first transmission to a second device; and, in response to the first transmission, to reflect a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device, thereby performing a second transmission. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: perform a first transmission to a second device; and, in response to the first transmission, to reflect a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device, thereby performing a second transmission. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0010] FIG. 2 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0011] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a transparent payload, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a typical scenario of an NTN based on a regenerative payload, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 6 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 8 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 9 illustrates a topology (e.g., topology 1) in which a base station and an A-IoT device are directly connected according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 10 illustrates a topology (e.g., topology 2) in which a base station and an A-IoT device are connected via an intermediate node according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 11 illustrates a topology (e.g., topology 3) supported by an auxiliary node according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 12 illustrates a topology (e.g., topology 4) in which a terminal and an A-IoT device are directly connected according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of power consumption and device energy status according to an operating state of an energy harvesting-based device with energy storage capability according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 14 illustrates a method for a first device to perform wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 15 illustrates a method for a second device to perform wireless communication according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Fig. 16 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 17 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 18 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 19 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 20 illustrates a portable device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 21 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0030] As used herein, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, as used herein, "A or B" can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, as used herein, "A, B or C" can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0031] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma can mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C."

[0032] In this specification, "at least one of A and B" may mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Additionally, in this specification, the expressions "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" may be interpreted identically to "at least one of A and B".

[0033] Additionally, in this specification, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0034] Additionally, parentheses used herein may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in this specification is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0035] In the following explanation, ‘when, if, in case of’ can be replaced with ‘based on’.

[0036] Technical features individually described in a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0037] In this specification, higher layer parameters may be parameters that are set for the terminal, preset, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0038] In this specification, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being configured or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from a base station or network. In this specification, "configured or defined" may be interpreted as being preset to a device.

[0039] The technology proposed in this specification can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0040] The technology proposed in this specification can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0041] FIG. 1 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0042] New network characteristics in 6G may include:

[0043] - Satellite integrated network

[0044] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, upgrading the wireless evolution from "connected objects" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at every stage of the communication process (or at every signal processing step, as described below).

[0045] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer

[0046] - Ubiquitous super 3D connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0047] Some general requirements for the new network characteristics of 6G, such as the above, may be as follows:

[0048] - small cell networks

[0049] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network

[0050] - High-capacity backhaul

[0051] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communications is a key feature of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0052] - Softwarization and virtualization

[0053] Below, the core implementation technologies of the 6G system are described.

[0054] - Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. This means AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a key role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Furthermore, AI can facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0055] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by utilizing sub-THz communication with a wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (Sub-THz band) is considered a major portion of the THz band for cellular communications. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Figure 2 illustrates the electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates, and (ii) high path loss at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are essential). The narrow beamwidth generated by the highly directional antenna reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

[0056] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0057] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0058] - Optical wireless technology

[0059] - Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0060] - Quantum communication

[0061] - Cell-free communication

[0062] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0063] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0064] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0065] - Big data analysis

[0066] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0067] - metaverse

[0068] - Blockchain

[0069] Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): UAVs, or drones, will be a key element in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity can be provided using UAV technology. Base stations (BSs) can be installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs may offer specific capabilities not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as easy deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, deploying terrestrial communications infrastructure is not economically feasible and sometimes cannot provide services in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle these situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in wireless communications. This technology facilitates three fundamental requirements for wireless networks: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also support various purposes, such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communications.

[0070] - Advanced air mobility (AAM): AAM is a higher concept than urban air mobility (UAM), which is an air transportation method available in urban areas, and can refer to a means of transportation that includes movement between regional hubs as well as within urban areas.

[0071] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication. Fast transmission speeds and low-latency technologies are essential to maximize autonomous driving performance and ensure high safety. Furthermore, in the future, autonomous driving will go beyond simply providing warnings or guidance messages to drivers and may require active intervention in vehicle operation and direct control of the vehicle in dangerous situations. To this end, the amount of information that needs to be transmitted and received may become enormous, so 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0072] - Non-terrestrial networks (NTN): NTN may refer to a network or network segment that uses radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on a satellite (or unmanned aerial system (UAS) platform). FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a transparent payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a typical NTN scenario based on a regenerative payload according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiments of FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 3, a satellite (or UAS platform) may create a service link with a UE. The satellite (or UAS platform) may be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. The satellite may be connected to a data network via the gateway. A beam footprint may refer to an area where a signal transmitted by a satellite can be received. Referring to Figure 4, a satellite (or UAS platform) can establish a service link with a UE. A satellite (or UAS platform) connected to a UE can be connected to another satellite (or UAS platform) via an inter-satellite link (ISL). The other satellite (or UAS platform) can be connected to a gateway via a feeder link. Based on the playback payload, a satellite can be connected to a data network through another satellite and the gateway. If an ISL does not exist between a satellite and another satellite, a feeder link between the satellite and the gateway may be required. Figures 3 and 4 are merely examples of NTN scenarios, and NTN can be implemented based on various scenarios.For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may implement a transparent or regenerative (with onboard processing) payload. For example, a satellite (or UAS platform) may generate multiple beams over a designated service area depending on the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform). For example, the field of view of the satellite (or UAS platform) may vary depending on the onboard antenna diagram and minimum elevation angle. For example, a transparent payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload may not be altered. For example, a regenerative payload may include radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. For example, a regenerative payload may be substantially equivalent to equipping the satellite (or UAS platform) with all or part of the base station functionality.

[0073] - Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment. Because radio frequency sensing does not require a device to connect to the object through a network, it can provide a service for object positioning without a device. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from radio frequency signals can enable a wide range of new capabilities, such as various object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, UAVs), and high-precision localization, tracking, and activity recognition. Wireless sensing services can provide information to a variety of industries (e.g., drones, smart homes, V2X, factories, railways, public safety, etc.), enabling applications such as intruder detection, assisted vehicle steering and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health and traffic management. In some cases, wireless sensing can utilize non-3GPP type sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to further support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a wireless sensing service, i.e., a sensing operation, may depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of wireless sensing signals. Therefore, wireless sensing may provide an opportunity to enhance existing communication systems from a communication network to a wireless communication and sensing network. FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Specifically, FIG. 5 (a) illustrates an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and FIG. 5 (b) illustrates an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0074] The layers of the radio interface protocol between the terminal and the network can be divided into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), and L3 (layer 3) based on the three lower layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) standard model, which is widely known in communication systems. Among these, the physical layer belonging to layer 1 provides an information transfer service using a physical channel, and the RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer located in layer 3 controls radio resources between the terminal and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

[0075] The physical layer provides information transmission services to higher layers using physical channels. The physical layer is connected to the upper layer, the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, via a transport channel. Data travels between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. Transport channels are classified based on how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the wireless interface.

[0076] Data travels between different physical layers, i.e., between the physical layers of a transmitter and a receiver, via a physical channel. This physical channel can be modulated using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and utilizes time and frequency as radio resources.

[0077] The MAC layer provides services to the upper layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, through logical channels. The MAC layer provides mapping from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. Furthermore, the MAC layer provides logical channel multiplexing, which maps multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. The MAC sublayer provides data transmission services on logical channels.

[0078] The RLC layer performs the concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC Service Data Units (SDUs). To guarantee the various Quality of Service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer provides three operating modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0079] The RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels, related to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. RB refers to a logical path provided by Layer 1 (physical layer or PHY layer) and Layer 2 (MAC layer, RLC layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer) for data transmission between the terminal and the network.

[0080] The functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane include the transmission of user data, header compression, and ciphering. The functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane include the transmission of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0081] The Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer is defined only in the user plane. It performs mapping between QoS flows and data radio bearers, marking QoS flow identifiers (IDs) within downlink and uplink packets, and more.

[0082] Establishing an RB refers to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting specific parameters and operating methods for each. RBs can be further divided into two types: the Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB) and the Data Radio Bearer (DRB). The SRB is used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, while the DRB is used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0083] When an RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of the terminal and the RRC layer of the base station, the terminal is in the RRC_CONNECTED state. Otherwise, it is in the RRC_IDLE state. For NR, the RRC_INACTIVE state is additionally defined, and a terminal in the RRC_INACTIVE state can maintain a connection with the core network while releasing the connection with the base station.

[0084] Downlink transmission channels that transmit data from the network to the terminal include the Broadcast Channel (BCH), which transmits system information, and the downlink Shared Channel (SCH), which transmits user traffic or control messages. Traffic or control messages for downlink multicast or broadcast services may be transmitted through the downlink SCH or a separate downlink Multicast Channel (MCH). Meanwhile, uplink transmission channels that transmit data from the terminal to the network include the Random Access Channel (RACH), which transmits initial control messages, and the uplink Shared Channel (SCH), which transmits user traffic or control messages.

[0085] Logical channels that are located above the transport channel and are mapped to the transport channel include the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), Paging Control Channel (PCCH), Common Control Channel (CCCH), Multicast Control Channel (MCCH), and Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH).

[0086] Radio frames can be used for uplink and downlink transmission. A radio frame has a length of 10 ms and can be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). A half-frame can contain five 1 ms subframes (SF). A subframe can be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe can be determined by the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot can contain 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols, depending on the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0087] When normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. When extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, the symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0088] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP or extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot ) is an example.

[0089] CP type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot Normal CP15kHz (u=0)1410130kHz (u=1)1420260kHz (u=2)14404120kHz (u=3)14808240kHz (u=4)1416016Extended CP60kHz (u=2)12404

[0090] FIG. 6 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0091] Referring to FIG. 6, a slot includes a plurality of symbols in the time domain. A carrier includes a plurality of subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) may be defined as a plurality (e.g., 12) of consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A BWP (Bandwidth Part) may be defined as a plurality of consecutive (P)RBs ((Physical) Resource Blocks) in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier may include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication may be performed through activated BWPs. Each element may be referred to as a Resource Element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol may be mapped to it.

[0092] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) can be a contiguous set of physical resource blocks (PRBs) for a given numerology. A PRB can be selected from a contiguous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0093] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In the embodiment of FIG. 7, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0094] Referring to Figure 7, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other. Furthermore, a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. Point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0095] BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP ) can be set by. For example, point A can be an outer reference point of the PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) aligns. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0096] SLSS (Sidelink Synchronization Signal) is a SL (sidelink) specific sequence and may include PSSS (Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal) and SSSS (Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal). The PSSS may be referred to as S-PSS (Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal) and the SSSS may be referred to as S-SSS (Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal). For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for S-PSS and length-127 Gold sequences may be used for S-SSS. For example, a terminal may detect an initial signal (signal detection) and obtain synchronization using S-PSS. For example, the terminal can obtain detailed synchronization using S-PSS and S-SSS and detect a synchronization signal ID.

[0097] PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) may be a (broadcast) channel that transmits basic (system) information that a terminal must know first before transmitting or receiving an SL signal. For example, the basic information may be information related to SLSS, duplex mode (DM), TDD UL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, resource pool-related information, type of application related to SLSS, subframe offset, broadcast information, etc. For example, in order to evaluate PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the payload size of PSBCH may be 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check).

[0098] S-PSS, S-SSS and PSBCH may be included in a block format supporting periodic transmission (e.g., SL SS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter referred to as S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB may have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP length) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) in the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth may be within a (pre-)configured SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB may be 11 RBs (Resource Blocks). For example, the PSBCH may span 11 RBs. And, the frequency location of the S-SSB may be (pre-)configured. Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection in the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0099] In this specification, PSCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a sidelink-related control channel, a sidelink-related physical control channel, etc. In this specification, PSSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a sidelink-related shared channel, a sidelink-related physical shared channel, etc.

[0100] FIG. 8 illustrates a procedure for a terminal to perform V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0101] Referring to (a) of FIG. 8, in resource allocation mode 1, the base station may schedule SL resources to be used by the terminal for SL transmission. For example, in step S800, the base station may transmit information related to SL resources and / or information related to UL resources to the first terminal. For example, the UL resources may include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, the UL resources may be resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0102] For example, a first terminal may receive information related to a dynamic grant (DG) resource and / or information related to a configured grant (CG) resource from a base station. For example, a CG resource may include a CG type 1 resource or a CG type 2 resource. In this specification, a DG resource may be a resource that a base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via downlink control information (DCI). In this specification, a CG resource may be a (periodic) resource that a base station configures / allocates to the first terminal via DCI and / or an RRC message. For example, in the case of a CG type 1 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal. For example, in the case of a CG type 2 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message including information related to the CG resource to the first terminal, and the base station may transmit a DCI related to activation or release of the CG resource to the first terminal.

[0103] In step S810, the first terminal may transmit a PSCCH (e.g., Sidelink Control Information (SCI) or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal based on the resource scheduling. In step S820, the first terminal may transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) related to the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S830, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) may be received from the second terminal via the PSFCH. In step S840, the first terminal may transmit / report HARQ feedback information to the base station via a PUCCH or a PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on the HARQ feedback information received from the second terminal. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on a rule set in advance. For example, the DCI may be DCI for scheduling of SL. For example, the format of the DCI may be DCI format 3_0 or DCI format 3_1.

[0104] Below, an example of DCI format 3_0 is described.

[0105] DCI format 3_0 is used for scheduling NR PSCCH and NR PSSCH in one cell.

[0106] The following information is transmitted via DCI format 3_0 with CRC scrambled by SL-RNTI or SL-CS-RNTI.

[0107] - Resource Pool Index - ceiling (log2I) bits, where I is the number of resource pools for transmission, set by the upper layer parameter sl-TxPoolScheduling.

[0108] - Time gap - 3 bits determined by the upper layer parameter sl-DCI-ToSL-Trans

[0109] - HARQ process number - 4 bits

[0110] - New data indicator - 1 bit

[0111] - Lowest index of subchannel allocation for initial transmission - ceiling (log2(N SL subChannel)) bit

[0112] - SCI Format 1-A Field: Frequency Resource Allocation, Time Resource Allocation

[0113] - PSFCH-to-HARQ feedback timing indicator - ceiling (log2N fb_timing ) bits, where N fb_timing is the number of entries of the upper layer parameter sl-PSFCH-ToPUCCH.

[0114] - PUCCH resource indicator - 3 bits

[0115] - Configuration Index - 0 bit if the UE is not configured to monitor DCI format 3_0 with CRC scrambled by SL-CS-RNTI; otherwise, 3 bits. If the UE is configured to monitor DCI format 3_0 with CRC scrambled by SL-CS-RNTI, this field is reserved for DCI format 3_0 with CRC scrambled by SL-RNTI.

[0116] - Counter sidelink allocation index - 2 bits, 2 bits if the UE is set to pdsch-HARQ-ACK-Codebook = dynamic, 2 bits if the UE is set to pdsch-HARQ-ACK-Codebook = semi-static

[0117] - Padding bits if needed

[0118] Referring to (b) of FIG. 8, in resource allocation mode 2, the terminal can determine SL transmission resources within SL resources set by the base station / network or preset SL resources. For example, the set SL resources or preset SL resources may be a resource pool. For example, the terminal can autonomously select or schedule resources for SL transmission. For example, the terminal can perform SL communication by selecting resources by itself within the set resource pool. For example, the terminal can select resources by itself within a selection window by performing sensing and resource (re)selection procedures. For example, the sensing can be performed on a subchannel basis. For example, in step S810, the first terminal that has selected resources by itself within the resource pool transmits PSCCH (e.g., SCI (Sidelink Control Information) or 1) using the resources. st -stage SCI) can be transmitted to the second terminal. In step S820, the first terminal transmits the PSSCH (e.g., 2) related to the PSCCH. nd -stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) can be transmitted to the second terminal. In step S830, the first terminal can receive a PSFCH related to the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal.

[0119] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 8, for example, a first terminal may transmit an SCI to a second terminal on a PSCCH. Or, for example, the first terminal may transmit two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to the second terminal on the PSCCH and / or the PSSCH. In this case, the second terminal may decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to receive the PSSCH from the first terminal. In the present specification, an SCI transmitted on a PSCCH is 1 st SCI, 1st SCI, 1 st -stage SCI or 1 st -stage SCI format, and the SCI transmitted on the PSSCH is 2 nd SCI, 2nd SCI, 2 nd -stage SCI or 2 nd -It can be called a stage SCI format.

[0120] For example, 1 st -stage SCI format may include SCI format 1-A and / or SCI format 1-B, and 2 nd -stage SCI formats may include SCI Format 2-A, SCI Format 2-B, SCI Format 2-C, and / or SCI Format 2-D.

[0121] Below, an example of SCI format 1-A is described.

[0122] SCI Format 1-A is a 2-bit format on the PSSCH and PSSCH nd -stage is used for scheduling SCI.

[0123] The following information is transmitted using SCI Format 1-A.

[0124] - Priority - 3 bits

[0125] - Frequency resource allocation - If the value of the upper layer parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is set to 2, then ceiling (log2(N SL subChannel(N SL subChannel+1) / 2)) bits; otherwise, if the value of the upper layer parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is set to 3, ceiling log2(N SL subChannel(N SL subChannel+1)(2N SL subChannel+1) / 6) bits

[0126] - Time resource allocation - 5 bits if the value of the upper layer parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is set to 2; otherwise, 9 bits if the value of the upper layer parameter sl-MaxNumPerReserve is set to 3.

[0127] - Resource reservation cycle - ceiling (log2N) rsv_period ) bits, where N rsv_period The number of entries in the upper layer parameter sl-ResourceReservePeriodList if the upper layer parameter sl-MultiReserveResource is set; otherwise, 0 bits.

[0128] - DMRS pattern - ceiling (log2N pattern ) bits, where N pattern is the number of DMRS patterns set by the upper layer parameter sl-PSSCH-DMRS-TimePatternList.

[0129] - 2 nd -stage SCI format - 2 bits

[0130] - Beta_Offsets indicator - 2 bits as provided by the upper layer parameter sl-BetaOffsets2ndSCI

[0131] - Number of DMRS ports - 1 bit

[0132] - Modulation and coding method - 5 bits

[0133] - Additional MCS table indicator - 1 bit if one MCS table is set by the upper layer parameter sl-Additional-MCS-Table; 2 bits if two MCS tables are set by the upper layer parameter sl-Additional-MCS-Table; otherwise 0 bits

[0134] - PSFCH Overhead Indicator - 1 bit if the upper layer parameter sl-PSFCH-Period = 2 or 4; otherwise 0 bit

[0135] - Reserved bits - The number of bits determined by the upper layer parameter sl-NumReservedBits, whose value is set to 0.

[0136] Below, an example of SCI format 2-A is described.

[0137] In HARQ operation, when HARQ-ACK information contains ACK or NACK, or when HARQ-ACK information contains only NACK, or when there is no feedback of HARQ-ACK information, SCI format 2-A is used for decoding PSSCH.

[0138] The following information is transmitted via SCI Format 2-A.

[0139] - HARQ process number - 4 bits

[0140] - New data indicator - 1 bit

[0141] - Redundancy version - 2 bits

[0142] - Source ID - 8 bits

[0143] - Destination ID - 16 bits

[0144] - HARQ feedback enable / disable indicator - 1 bit

[0145] - Cast type indicator - 2 bits as defined in Table 3

[0146] - CSI request - 1 bit

[0147] Cast Type Indicator ValueCast Type00Broadcast01Groupcast if HARQ-ACK information contains ACK or NACK10Unicast11Groupcast if HARQ-ACK information contains only NACK

[0148] Below, an example of SCI format 2-B is described.

[0149] In HARQ operation, when HARQ-ACK information contains only NACK or there is no feedback of HARQ-ACK information, SCI format 2-B is used for decoding PSSCH.

[0150] The following information is transmitted via SCI Format 2-B.

[0151] - HARQ process number - 4 bits

[0152] - New data indicator - 1 bit

[0153] - Redundancy version - 2 bits

[0154] - Source ID - 8 bits

[0155] - Destination ID - 16 bits

[0156] - HARQ feedback enable / disable indicator - 1 bit

[0157] - Zone ID - 12 bits

[0158] - Communication range requirement - 4 bits determined by the upper layer parameter sl-ZoneConfigMCR-Index

[0159] Referring to (a) or (b) of FIG. 8, in step S830, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH. For example, the first terminal and the second terminal may determine PSFCH resources, and the second terminal may use the PSFCH resources to transmit HARQ feedback to the first terminal.

[0160] Referring to (a) of FIG. 8, in step S840, the first terminal may transmit SL HARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH.

[0161] Meanwhile, in the next system, multiple IoT terminals may communicate with a base station and / or communication may be performed between multiple IoT terminals. In this case, as part of a method for reducing the implementation complexity and management complexity of the IoT terminal, the IoT terminal may not have or may have a limited battery for its own processing and / or RF transmission and / or reception. Instead of having or using its own RF circuit to transmit RF signals, the IoT terminal may provide / transmit information to the base station and / or other IoT terminals and / or auxiliary nodes by reflecting (with conversion of phase and / or frequency and / or time and / or amplitude, etc.) RF signals and / or continuous wave signals received from other nodes (hereinafter, referred to as backscattering). The IoT terminal may perform energy harvesting (e.g., obtaining energy from external factors such as vibration, sound, solar heat, electromagnetic induction, etc.) and / or obtain power for processing through RF signal reception, etc. For convenience of explanation, the above IoT may be referred to as ambient IoT (A-IoT).

[0162] Below, we explain Ambient IoT (A-IoT).

[0163] A-IoT could be a new type / segment of devices that operate solely on energy harvested from the surrounding environment. For example, A-IoT could refer to a new type of Internet of Things device that operates by being powered by various energy sources harvested from the surrounding environment, such as radio waves, light, motion, and heat. Table 4 presents examples of A-IoT use cases.

[0164] Inventory: Smart labeling / identification in warehouse, supply chain, airport shipping, manufacturing, logistics, retail, etc. Sensor: Environment sensing in smart farm, smart city, smart home, smart grid, etc. Positioning: Location tracking and ranging in indoor / outdoor for assets, products, personal item tracking, etc. Command: Actuator, device activation / deactivation, electronic labeling, etc.

[0165] For example, active signal generation and / or backscattering may be among the communication technologies considered to achieve low-power operation of A-IoT devices. For example, backscattering is a technique widely used in radio frequency identification (RFID), which allows devices to communicate with a network by reflecting incident waves after modulating them with information to be transmitted. For example, the device may be powered by the incident RF signal or by stored energy.

[0166] For example, IoT devices can be classified into various device types, such as passive, semi-passive, and active, depending on how they store energy and generate transmission signals. For example, a passive device does not have an energy storage device (e.g., a capacitor) and can communicate based on backscatter communication technology. For example, a semi-passive device has an energy storage device and can communicate using backscatter communication technology with the help of the energy storage device. For example, an active device has an energy storage device and can actively generate signals using active RF components and the stored energy to communicate. For example, in the present disclosure, the following three types of IoT devices can be considered. For example, device A can be a device without energy storage and without independent signal generation (e.g., a device that supports backscatter transmission). For example, device B can be a device with energy storage and without independent signal generation (e.g., a device that supports backscatter transmission). In this case, for example, the use of stored energy may involve amplification of the reflected signal. For example, device C may be a device with energy storage and independent signal generation (e.g., a device with an active RF component for transmission).

[0167] For example, the following basic topologies may be considered to support A-IoT devices in indoor and outdoor scenarios. For example, the basic topologies may include direct connections between base stations and A-IoT devices, connections between base stations and intermediate nodes and A-IoT devices, connection support by auxiliary nodes, and / or connections between terminals and A-IoT devices. The basic topologies proposed in this disclosure are merely examples, and the proposals in this disclosure may be extended / applied to other topologies.

[0168] FIG. 9 illustrates a topology (e.g., Topology 1) in which a base station and an A-IoT device are directly connected, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0169] Referring to FIG. 9, the A-IoT device can communicate directly and bidirectionally with the base station. For example, communication between the base station and the A-IoT device may include A-IoT data and / or signals. For example, the A-IoT data and / or signals may be transmitted or received based on a control channel and / or a data channel (e.g., a shared channel). In the embodiment of FIG. 9, the base station transmitting to the A-IoT device and the base station receiving from the A-IoT device may be different. For example, in the topology 1, the base station and the A-IoT device in a micro-cell environment may communicate directly with each other. For example, the base station may be located at a co-site with a base station equipped with existing 3GPP technology.

[0170] FIG. 10 illustrates a topology (e.g., Topology 2) in which a base station and an A-IoT device are connected via an intermediate node, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0171] Referring to FIG. 10, an A-IoT device can bidirectionally communicate with an intermediate node between the device and a base station. Here, for example, the intermediate node can be an A-IoT-capable relay, an IAB (integrated access backhaul) node, a terminal, a repeater, etc. For example, the intermediate node can transmit A-IoT data and / or signals between the base station and the A-IoT device. For example, the A-IoT data and / or signals can be transmitted or received based on a control channel and / or a data channel (e.g., a shared channel). In the embodiment of FIG. 10, the intermediate node transmitting to the A-IoT device and the intermediate node receiving from the A-IoT device can be different. For example, in the topology 2, an intermediate node can exist between a base station in a macro-cell environment and the A-IoT device. For example, the base station can be located at a co-site with a base station equipped with an existing 3GPP technology. For example, intermediate nodes may be limited to terminals, and intermediate nodes may be located indoors.

[0172] FIG. 11 illustrates a topology (e.g., Topology 3) supported by an auxiliary node according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0173] Referring to (a) of Fig. 11, an auxiliary node may be supported for downlink reception. For example, an A-IoT device may transmit data / signals to a base station, and the A-IoT device may receive data / signals from the auxiliary node. Referring to (b) of Fig. 11, an auxiliary node may be supported for uplink transmission. For example, an A-IoT device may receive data / signals from a base station, and the A-IoT device may transmit data / signals to an auxiliary node. Here, for example, the auxiliary node may be an A-IoT-capable relay, an IAB node, a terminal, a repeater, etc.

[0174] FIG. 12 illustrates a topology (e.g., Topology 4) in which a terminal and an A-IoT device are directly connected, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0175] Referring to FIG. 12, the A-IoT device can communicate bidirectionally with the terminal. For example, communication between the terminal and the A-IoT device may include A-IoT data and / or signals. For example, the A-IoT data and / or signals may be transmitted or received based on a control channel and / or a data channel (e.g., a shared channel).

[0176] For example, transmission by an A-IoT device may be performed over a frequency division duplexing (FDD) spectrum (e.g., an FDD UL spectrum).

[0177] For example, the types of A-IoT devices can be divided into two as follows. For example, a Type 1 device has a maximum power consumption of approximately 1 uW, can store energy, has no amplification function, and can transmit by backscattering a carrier wave (CW) provided from an external source (e.g., a reader such as a base station or a terminal, or a separate node). For example, a Type 2 device has a maximum power consumption of approximately several hundred uW, can store energy, has amplification function, and can transmit by backscattering a carrier wave (CW) provided from an external source (e.g., a reader such as a base station or a terminal, or a separate node) or by using a signal generated internally by itself.

[0178] For example, in addition to the above-described classification methods, the type / class of A-IoT devices can be distinguished based on parameters associated with device characteristics (e.g., presence / capacity of energy storage, energy / power consumption, presence / capacity of amplification, presence / capacity of BPF (band-pass filter), supported DL / UL transmission method(s), etc.) or a combination of parameters. Here, for example, BPF capability can be distinguished by 3-dB bandwidth of supported BPF, sharpness, etc., and UL transmission methods can be distinguished by, for example, backscatter UL transmission, UL transmission by internal signal generation, etc.

[0179] In addition, the type / class of A-IoT devices can be subdivided based on parameters associated with the device characteristics (e.g., presence / capacity of energy storage, level of energy / power consumption, presence / capacity of amplification, presence / capacity of band-pass filter (BPF), supported DL / UL transmission method(s), etc.) or a combination of parameters. For example, the above-described Type 2 device can be classified into Type 2a if it performs transmission by backscattering a carrier wave (CW) provided from the outside (e.g., a reader such as a base station or terminal or a separate node), and Type 2b if it performs transmission using a signal generated internally by itself. In this case, Type 2a and 2b can be the same in that they have a maximum power consumption of approximately several hundred microwatts, are capable of energy storage, and have an amplification function.

[0180] For example, some types / classes of A-IoT devices (e.g., Device B, Device C, Type 1 devices, and / or Type 2 devices) may have energy storage capabilities (e.g., capacitors or charging batteries) for the following purposes:

[0181] - Stable energy security at the time of reception / transmission

[0182] - Operation of low-power communication modules through energy storage in low RF energy states

[0183] For example, the minimum RF reception sensitivity for operation of a low-power communication module may be -20 dBm, and the minimum reception sensitivity for energy harvesting may be -20 dBm. In this case, if the reception power of the A-IoT device ranges between -30 and -20 dBm, communication may not be possible without a capacitor, but communication may be possible after a charging time with a capacitor.

[0184] - Energy harvested from different energy sources (e.g. solar, thermal, wind, kinetic, etc.) is accumulated in a single capacitor and used to operate a low-power communication module at a desired time.

[0185] FIG. 13 illustrates power consumption and device energy states according to the operating states of an energy harvesting-based device with energy storage capabilities, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0186] Referring to (b) of Fig. 13, S1 may be a sleep state, S2 may be an active state, and P1 and P2 may be power consumption in S1 and S2, respectively. For example, the active state may mean a state in which the device consumes power to perform operations such as receiving / transmitting for communication and sensing, and the sleep state may be a state in which it is not an active state.

[0187] Figure 13(a) may represent a device energy state corresponding to Figure 13(b). Referring to Figure 13(a), the E1 value and the E2 value may differ depending on the device (type / class), and the device may report information related to the E1 value and / or information related to the E2 value to R and / or the base station as capability parameters. For example, the E2 value may be defined as an energy value in a buffered state, and the E1 value may be defined as a minimum energy value required in an active state.

[0188] For example, a transition from S1 to S2 may be possible only when the device energy state value is E2 or has reached E2. For example, a transition from S1 to S2 may be possible when the device energy state value is greater than E1 (i.e., in the range between E1 and E2). The embodiment of FIG. 13 illustrates an example in which a transition from S1 to S2 is performed when the device energy state value is E2 or has reached E2.

[0189] For example, A-IoT devices may require externally provided CW for backscatter transmission. For example, CW may be used to power A-IoT devices or as CW for downlink transmission, regardless of the transmission mode (e.g., backscatter transmission or internally generated transmission).

[0190] For example, CW waveforms can be supported in various types. For example, the CW waveform type can be a single-tone CW waveform type or a more complex multi-tone CW waveform type. For example, single-tone CW can be advantageous over multi-tone CW in terms of the multiplexing capacity of tags or readers and in terms of interference because it uses fewer resources. On the other hand, multi-tone CW has advantages such as being able to transfer more energy when transmitting CW in DL, and also securing greater coverage from a single device.

[0191] Considering the advantages of these different CW waveform types, multiple CW waveform types can be supported in the A-IoT system, and the base station / IN / AN / UE can configure the CW waveform type. For example, one or more CW waveform types supported in the A-IoT communication system can be configured / defined in advance, and the base station / IN / AN / UE can select one of the one or more supported CW waveform types and transmit it to the A-IoT device. For example, the base station / IN / AN / UE can configure / instruct / indicate the selected CW waveform type to the A-IoT device in the form of a command / message transmitted as a preamble / frame-sync or payload.

[0192] In this disclosure, CW may refer to a carrier wave or a continuous wave. For example, the terms "carrier wave" and "continuous wave" may be interchangeable.

[0193] Meanwhile, for a base station or auxiliary node to continuously transmit RF signals and / or CW signals for processing and transmission operations of IoT terminals (e.g., A-IoT terminals), it may be inefficient in terms of resource usage and / or interference generation. Furthermore, when A-IoT operations (e.g., communication methods using CW signals and their corresponding backscatter signals) operate / coexist within homogeneous / heterogeneous RATs such as NR RAT, LTE RAT, and 6G RAT, mutual interference may occur and mutual connectivity may be inefficient.

[0194] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the embodiments for communication between terminals or communication between a base station and a terminal are not limited to each other, and the ideas of the present disclosure can be extended and applied to each other again.

[0195] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on communication between a terminal and a base station, communication between IoT terminals, communication between an IoT terminal and an auxiliary node, and / or communication between a base station and an auxiliary node.

[0196] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied differently depending on the continuous wave signal transmission for backscattering signal transmission and / or RF signal transmission for energy acquisition for processing operation of IoT terminals and / or signals for providing control and / or data information to IoT terminals.

[0197] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, for convenience of explanation, a continuous wave (CW) signal may be defined as at least one of the following:

[0198] 1) A transmitting node can transmit a signal so that a receiving node can generate / acquire motion energy.

[0199] 2) The receiving node can receive the carrier wave signal and transmit the signal to the transmitting node in a backscattered or reflected form. For example, the signal transmitted by the receiving node can be in the form of a modulated signal generated by converting the frequency, time, phase, and / or amplitude of a continuous wave signal.

[0200] For example, the form of CW for receiving operating energy for metering / sensing / processing of the terminal may be different from the form of CW for transmitting a backscatter signal of the terminal. For example, in the case of a backscatter signal, the CW may not contain information, or may be in a pre-defined / (pre)configured form, and / or the subcarrier spacing (SCS) may be different and / or may be (pre)configured separately. For example, the SCS for the CW may be (pre)configured to be smaller than and / or equal to the SCS for a signal for transmitting general control / data and / or an RF signal for receiving operating energy. For example, the SCS for the CW may be allowed to be set to be smaller than 15 kHz.

[0201] For example, the base station and / or auxiliary node may basically periodically transmit an RF signal (hereinafter, energy harvesting signal) for receiving energy from an IoT terminal and / or a CW signal for backscattering operation of the IoT terminal. For example, the periodic value for the periodic transmission may be (pre-)set for each resource pool, each terminal, each service type, each QoS parameter, and / or each energy harvesting signal or CW signal.

[0202] For example, an IoT terminal may transmit a signal to a base station and / or an auxiliary node to request transmission of an energy harvesting signal and / or a CW signal. For example, the request signal may include the type of the requested signal (energy harvesting signal and / or CW signal) and / or information on a time interval during which the signal is to be transmitted or is preferred to be transmitted and / or information about transmission of the IoT terminal (e.g., buffer status and / or packet delay budget and / or transmission target) and / or information about whether additional energy harvesting signal or CW signal transmission is required.

[0203] For example, if a base station and / or an auxiliary node receives a request signal for an energy harvesting signal and / or a CW signal from an IoT terminal and / or receives a backscatter signal for a previously transmitted CW signal from the IoT terminal, the base station and / or the auxiliary node may transmit the energy harvesting signal and / or the CW signal during a first time interval from the time point and / or after a first time offset from the time point. For example, if an IoT terminal transmits a request signal for an energy harvesting signal and / or a CW signal and / or transmits a backscatter signal for a previously received CW signal, the IoT terminal may expect to receive the energy harvesting signal and / or the CW signal during a first time interval from the time point and / or after the first time offset from the time point. For example, the first time offset and / or the first time interval may be a predefined value and / or a (pre)set value.

[0204] For example, when a base station and / or an auxiliary node receives a control / data signal from an IoT terminal and / or determines that decoding of the data has failed and / or determines that retransmission of the control / data of the IoT terminal is necessary, the base station and / or the auxiliary node may transmit an energy harvesting signal and / or a CW signal during a second time interval from the time point at which the control / data signal was received or from the time point or after a second time offset from the time point. The reason for this may be that the IoT terminal may obtain processing energy to receive a retransmission instruction control from the base station and / or the auxiliary node and / or prepare for retransmission. For example, when a base station and / or an auxiliary node receives a control / data signal from an IoT terminal and / or determines that decoding of the data has failed and / or determines that retransmission of the control / data of the IoT terminal is necessary, the base station and / or the auxiliary node may transmit an energy harvesting signal and / or a control and / or data signal (indicating retransmission) to the IoT terminal, and / or the base station and / or the auxiliary node may transmit the energy harvesting signal and / or a CW signal during a third time interval after a third time offset from the time point. For example, the second time offset and / or the second time interval and / or the third time offset and / or the third time interval may be a predefined value and / or a (pre)set value and / or a value indicated in the control / data transmitted by the base station or the auxiliary node.

[0205] For example, resource information and / or time information for a CW signal transmitted by a base station and / or auxiliary node may be indicated through control / data transmitted by the base station and / or auxiliary node.

[0206] For example, when a base station and / or an auxiliary node transmits an energy harvesting signal and / or a CW signal and / or control / data to an IoT terminal, the base station and / or an auxiliary node may provide information about the base station and / or the auxiliary node and / or information about an IoT terminal to be turned on (node ​​ID and / or target service type) and / or reference point information for absolute time such as SFN0 or DFN0 information and / or reference point information for absolute or relative frequency such as Point A. The advantage of this is that it efficiently manages overlap and interference between transmission resources among IoT terminals.

[0207] For example, the energy harvesting signal and / or the CW signal may be in the form of occupying a specific subchannel and / or PRB(s) and / or slot(s) and / or symbol(s). For example, the time-domain and / or frequency-domain resource location for a backscatter signal derived from the CW signal may be indicated and / or (pre-)set by a node transmitting the CW signal via the energy harvesting signal and / or a control / data signal. For example, the information related to the resource location may be in the form of relative frequency-domain offset and / or time-domain offset information based on the resource location of the CW corresponding to the backscatter signal. For example, the time-domain offset may be an absolute offset with respect to SFN0 or DFN0.

[0208] For example, a node transmitting a backscatter signal may determine a time-domain and / or frequency-domain resource location for the backscatter signal derived from a CW signal, and / or candidate values ​​for a time-domain offset and / or a frequency-domain offset relative to the resource location of the CW signal corresponding to the backscatter signal may be (pre-)configured and / or indicated in the CW signal and / or an energy harvesting signal and / or control / data at a previous point in time.

[0209] For example, when (re)selecting resources, the terminal may determine a set of available resource candidates and / or select transmission resources by avoiding or deprioritizing occupied resources for energy harvesting signals and / or CW signals (obtained through reservation resource information) and / or backscatter signals derived from CW signals or candidate resource(s) for the same.

[0210] For example, when (re)selecting resources for an energy harvesting signal and / or a CW signal, the terminal may determine a set of available resource candidates and / or select transmission resources such that the occupied resources for the CW signal and / or the backscatter signal derived from the CW signal or candidate resource(s) therefor do not overlap with or are deprioritized from other reserved resources (obtained through resource reservation information).

[0211] For example, the occupied resources for an energy harvesting signal and / or a CW signal may be indicated via a previous CW signal and / or an energy harvesting signal and / or control and / or data.

[0212] Embodiments of the present disclosure may differ and / or may be (pre-)configured per resource pool and / or per transmission outside and / or inside the resource pool and / or per QoS parameter and / or per channel access priority class (CAPC) and / or per SL priority and / or per SL channel type and / or per SL BWP and / or per SL carrier and / or per congestion control level and / or per transmission operation or reception operation and / or per transmission power level and / or per transmission start time and / or per cast type and / or per SL HARQ-ACK feedback activation and / or per HARQ-ACK feedback option and / or per number of transmission attempts for the same information or TB. For example, in embodiments of the present disclosure, (pre-)configuration may be performed per resource pool and / or per transmission outside and / or inside the resource pool and / or per QoS parameter and / or per SL priority and / or per SL channel type and / or per SL BWP and / or per SL carrier and / or per congestion control level and / or per transmission operation or reception operation and / or per transmission power level and / or per transmission start time and / or per cast type and / or per SL HARQ-ACK feedback enable and / or per HARQ-ACK feedback option and / or per number of transmission attempts for the same information or TB.

[0213] FIG. 14 illustrates a method for a first device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0214] Referring to FIG. 14, in step S1410, a first device may perform a first transmission to a second device. In step S1420, the first device may perform a second transmission by reflecting a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device in response to the first transmission. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0215] For example, information for requesting the CW signal may include information related to a preferred time for transmission or reception of the CW signal.

[0216] For example, the information for requesting the CW signal may include information related to the second transmission performed by reflecting the CW signal. For example, the information related to the second transmission may include at least one of information related to a buffer status of the first device, information related to a packet delay budget (PDB) of the second transmission, or information related to a target of the second transmission.

[0217] For example, the information for requesting the CW signal may include information regarding whether transmission of an additional CW signal is required.

[0218] For example, the second transmission may be performed to the second device.

[0219] For example, the second transmission may be performed to a third device other than the second device.

[0220] For example, based on the first transmission including information for requesting the CW signal, the CW signal can be received from the second device within a first time after a first time offset from the first transmission.

[0221] For example, based on a request for retransmission of the data included in the first transmission, the CW signal may be received from the second device within a second time after a second time offset from the first transmission.

[0222] For example, information related to resources for the CW signal may be scheduled via at least one of control information or data received from the second device.

[0223] For example, the resources for the second transmission performed by reflecting the CW signal can be determined based on the resources for the CW signal.

[0224] For example, the CW signal can be received based on slots or symbols in the time domain, and subchannels or resource blocks (RBs) in the frequency domain.

[0225] For example, resources for the CW signal or resources for the second transmission performed by reflecting the CW signal may be excluded from the set of candidate resources of the first device in the resource selection procedure.

[0226] The proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to perform a first transmission to the second device. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to perform a second transmission by reflecting a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device in response to the first transmission. For example, the first transmission can include at least one of information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0227] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device configured to perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, the first device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: perform a first transmission to a second device; and, in response to the first transmission, to reflect a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device, thereby performing a second transmission. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0228] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the first device to: perform a first transmission to a second device; and, in response to the first transmission, to reflect a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device, thereby performing a second transmission. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0229] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a first device to: perform a first transmission to a second device; and, in response to the first transmission, to reflect a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device, thereby performing a second transmission. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0230] FIG. 15 illustrates a method for a second device to perform wireless communication according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0231] Referring to FIG. 15, in step S1510, a second device may receive a first transmission from a first device. In step S1520, in response to the first transmission, the second device may transmit a CW (carrier wave) signal to the first device. For example, the second transmission of the first device may be performed by reflecting the CW signal. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0232] For example, information for requesting the CW signal may include information related to a preferred time for transmission or reception of the CW signal.

[0233] For example, the information for requesting the CW signal may include information related to the second transmission performed by reflecting the CW signal. For example, the information related to the second transmission may include at least one of information related to a buffer status of the first device, information related to a packet delay budget (PDB) of the second transmission, or information related to a target of the second transmission.

[0234] For example, the information for requesting the CW signal may include information regarding whether transmission of an additional CW signal is required.

[0235] For example, the second transmission may be performed to the second device.

[0236] For example, the second transmission may be performed to a third device other than the second device.

[0237] For example, based on the first transmission including information for requesting the CW signal, the CW signal may be transmitted to the first device within a first time after a first time offset from the first transmission.

[0238] For example, based on a request for retransmission of the data included in the first transmission, the CW signal may be transmitted to the first device within a second time after a second time offset from the first transmission.

[0239] For example, information related to resources for the CW signal may be scheduled via at least one of control information or data transmitted by the second device.

[0240] For example, the resources for the second transmission performed by reflecting the CW signal can be determined based on the resources for the CW signal.

[0241] For example, the CW signal may be transmitted based on slots or symbols in the time domain, and subchannels or resource blocks (RBs) in the frequency domain.

[0242] For example, resources for the CW signal or resources for the second transmission performed by reflecting the CW signal may be excluded from the set of candidate resources of the first device in the resource selection procedure.

[0243] The proposed method can be applied to devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to receive a first transmission from the first device. Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit a CW (carrier wave) signal to the first device in response to the first transmission. For example, the second transmission of the first device can be performed by reflecting the CW signal. For example, the first transmission can include at least one of information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0244] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device configured to perform wireless communication may be provided. For example, the second device may include at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: receive a first transmission from a first device; and, in response to the first transmission, transmit a CW (carrier wave) signal to the first device. For example, the second transmission of the first device may be performed by reflecting the CW signal. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0245] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a second device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, may cause the second device to: receive a first transmission from a first device; and, in response to the first transmission, transmit a CW (carrier wave) signal to the first device. For example, the second transmission of the first device may be performed by reflecting the CW signal. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0246] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, may cause a second device to: receive a first transmission from a first device; and, in response to the first transmission, transmit a CW (carrier wave) signal to the first device. For example, the second transmission of the first device may be performed by reflecting the CW signal. For example, the first transmission may include at least one of information or data for requesting the CW signal.

[0247] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal can receive RF signals and / or CW signals based on a request and / or a request for retransmission for processing operations and / or transmission operations. This can alleviate resource waste and interference problems caused by continuous transmission of RF signals and / or CW signals. Furthermore, A-IoT operations can efficiently operate / coexist within homogeneous / heterogeneous RATs, such as NR RAT, LTE RAT, and 6G RAT.

[0248] The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other.

[0249] Below, a description is given of devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

[0250] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0251] Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings / descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

[0252] Fig. 16 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Fig. 16 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0253] Referring to FIG. 16, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0254] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0255] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0256] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base stations (200), and base stations (200) / base stations (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and base station-to-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0257] FIG. 17 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0258] Referring to FIG. 17, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 16.

[0259] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). Furthermore, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0260] A second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0261] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0262] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0263] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0264] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0265] FIG. 18 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 18 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0266] Referring to FIG. 18, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operations / functions of FIG. 18 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 17. The hardware elements of FIG. 18 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 17. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 17. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 17, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 17.

[0267] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 18. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block may include a transport block (e.g., an UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The wireless signal may be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

[0268] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010). The scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols. In addition, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0269] The resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0270] The signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 18. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 17) can receive wireless signals from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signals can be converted into baseband signals through a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be restored to the original information blocks through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0271] FIG. 19 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see FIG. 16). The embodiment of FIG. 19 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0272] Referring to FIG. 19, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 17 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and an additional element (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 17. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 17. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0273] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 16, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 16, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 16, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 16, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 16, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 16, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (Fig. 16, 400), a base station (Fig. 16, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use / service.

[0274] In FIG. 19, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be interconnected entirely via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0275] Below, the implementation example of Fig. 19 is described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0276] FIG. 20 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The mobile device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The mobile device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 20 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0277] Referring to FIG. 20, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 19, respectively.

[0278] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control components of the mobile device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required for operating the mobile device (100). In addition, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the mobile device (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support connection between the mobile device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can input or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0279] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) obtains information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0280] FIG. 21 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned or unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, or the like. The embodiment of FIG. 21 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0281] Referring to FIG. 21, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a driving unit (140a), a power supply unit (140b), a sensor unit (140c), and an autonomous driving unit (140d). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to blocks 110 / 130 / 140 of FIG. 19, respectively.

[0282] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, road side units, etc.), and servers. The control unit (120) can control elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an ECU (Electronic Control Unit). The drive unit (140a) can drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) on the ground. The drive unit (140a) can include an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, brakes, a steering device, etc. The power supply unit (140b) supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The sensor unit (140c) can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (140c) may include an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an incline sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / backward sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit (140d) may implement a technology for maintaining a driving lane, a technology for automatically controlling speed such as adaptive cruise control, a technology for automatically driving along a set path, a technology for automatically setting a path and driving when a destination is set, etc.

[0283] For example, the communication unit (110) can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can generate an autonomous driving route and driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit (120) can control the drive unit (140a) so that the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) moves along the autonomous driving route according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit (110) can irregularly / periodically acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server and can acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. In addition, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit (140c) can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can update the autonomous driving route and driving plan based on newly acquired data / information. The communication unit (110) can transmit information regarding the vehicle location, autonomous driving route, driving plan, etc. to the external server. External servers can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology or other technologies based on information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles, and provide the predicted traffic information data to the vehicles or autonomous vehicles.

[0284] The claims set forth in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. In a method for performing wireless communication by a first device, performing a first transmission to a second device; and A step of performing a second transmission by reflecting a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device in response to the first transmission; including; A method wherein said first transmission comprises at least one of information or data for requesting said CW signal.

2. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the information for requesting the CW signal includes information related to a preferred time for transmitting or receiving the CW signal.

3. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the information for requesting the CW signal includes information related to the second transmission performed by reflecting the CW signal.

4. In paragraph 3, A method wherein the information related to the second transmission includes at least one of information related to a buffer status of the first device, information related to a packet delay budget (PDB) of the second transmission, or information related to a target of the second transmission.

5. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the information for requesting the CW signal includes information regarding whether transmission of an additional CW signal is required.

6. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the second transmission is performed to the second device.

7. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the second transmission is performed to a third device other than the second device.

8. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the CW signal is received from the second device within a first time after a first time offset from the first transmission, based on the first transmission including information for requesting the CW signal.

9. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the CW signal is received from the second device within a second time after a second time offset from the first transmission, based on a request for retransmission of the data included in the first transmission.

10. In paragraph 1, A method wherein information related to resources for the CW signal is scheduled through at least one of control information or data received from the second device.

11. In paragraph 1, A method in which resources for the second transmission performed by reflecting the CW signal are determined based on resources for the CW signal.

12. In paragraph 1, A method in which the above CW signal is received based on slots or symbols in the time domain and subchannels or resource blocks (RBs) in the frequency domain.

13. In paragraph 1, A method wherein, in a resource selection procedure, a resource for the CW signal or a resource for the second transmission performed by reflecting the CW signal is excluded from the set of candidate resources of the first device.

14. In a first device configured to perform wireless communication, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said first device causes: cause the second device to perform the first transmission; and In response to the first transmission, the second transmission is performed by reflecting a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device, A first device, wherein said first transmission comprises at least one of information or data for requesting said CW signal.

15. In a processing device set to control the first device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said first device causes: cause the second device to perform the first transmission; and In response to the first transmission, the second transmission is performed by reflecting a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device, A processing device wherein said first transmission comprises at least one of information or data for requesting said CW signal.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the first device to: cause the second device to perform the first transmission; and In response to the first transmission, the second transmission is performed by reflecting a CW (carrier wave) signal received from the second device, A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein the first transmission comprises at least one of information or data for requesting the CW signal.

17. In a method for performing wireless communication by a second device, receiving a first transmission from a first device; and In response to the first transmission, the step of transmitting a CW (carrier wave) signal to the first device includes; The second transmission of the first device is performed by reflecting the CW signal, and A method wherein said first transmission comprises at least one of information or data for requesting said CW signal.

18. In a second device configured to perform wireless communication, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said second device causes: to receive a first transmission from a first device; and In response to the first transmission, cause the first device to transmit a CW (carrier wave) signal, The second transmission of the first device is performed by reflecting the CW signal, and A second device, wherein said first transmission comprises at least one of information or data for requesting said CW signal.

19. In a processing device set to control a second device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to said at least one processor and storing instructions, said instructions being executed by said at least one processor, wherein said second device causes: to receive a first transmission from a first device; and In response to the first transmission, cause the first device to transmit a CW (carrier wave) signal, The second transmission of the first device is performed by reflecting the CW signal, and A processing device wherein said first transmission comprises at least one of information or data for requesting said CW signal.

20. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the second device to: to receive a first transmission from a first device; and In response to the first transmission, cause the first device to transmit a CW (carrier wave) signal, The second transmission of the first device is performed by reflecting the CW signal, and A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein the first transmission comprises at least one of information or data for requesting the CW signal.

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