Information sending method and apparatus, information receiving method and apparatus, and communication device

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of communications, and discloses an information sending method and apparatus, an information receiving method and apparatus, and a communication device. The information sending method according to embodiments of the present application comprises: a first device acquiring a modulation symbol to be sent; and sending said modulation symbol on the basis of a space-time block code, wherein the space-time block code satisfies the following content: the product of elements of each row among at least one row of the space-time block code is 0, or the product of elements of each column among at least one column of the space-time block code is 0; and the space-time block code satisfies the orthogonality or uniqueness of an orthogonal space-time block code, or the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonality of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code.

Description

Information sending method, receiving method, device and communication equipment

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202310984110.5 filed in China on August 4, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present application belongs to the field of communication technology, and specifically relates to an information sending method, receiving method, device and communication equipment. Background Art

[0004] Space-time block codes (STBCs) are widely used in cellular communications and wireless local area networks (WLANs). By introducing signal redundancy in the spatial and temporal domains and rationally constructing a block coding transmission matrix, they achieve diversity gain and antenna gain without increasing bandwidth. However, these STBCs are mostly designed for active communication systems and do not consider the energy harvesting efficiency requirements of passive or semi-passive devices like backscatter communication equipment. Consequently, these STBCs result in low energy harvesting efficiency.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] The embodiments of the present application provide an information sending method, a receiving method, an apparatus, and a communication device, which can solve the problem of low energy collection efficiency caused by space-time block codes in related technologies.

[0007] In a first aspect, a method for sending information is provided, which is performed by a first device, and the method includes:

[0008] The first device obtains a modulation symbol to be sent;

[0009] The first device sends the modulation symbol according to a space-time block code;

[0010] The space-time block code satisfies the following conditions:

[0011] The product of the elements of each row in at least one row of the space-time block code is 0, or the product of the elements of each column in at least one column of the space-time block code is 0;

[0012] The space-time block code satisfies the orthogonal property or the single property of an orthogonal space-time block code, or the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonal property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code.

[0013] In a second aspect, a method for receiving information is provided, which is performed by a second device, and the method includes:

[0014] The second device receives a modulation symbol sent by the first device, where the modulation symbol is sent according to a space-time block code, and the space-time block code satisfies the following conditions:

[0015] The product of the elements of each row in at least one row of the space-time block code is 0, or the product of the elements of each column in at least one column of the space-time block code is 0;

[0016] The space-time block code satisfies the orthogonal property or the single property of an orthogonal space-time block code, or the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonal property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code.

[0017] In a third aspect, an information sending apparatus is provided, applied to a first device, including:

[0018] An acquisition module, used to acquire modulation symbols to be sent;

[0019] A sending module, configured to send the modulation symbols according to a space-time block code;

[0020] The space-time block code satisfies the following conditions:

[0021] The product of the elements of each row in at least one row of the space-time block code is 0, or the product of the elements of each column in at least one column of the space-time block code is 0;

[0022] The space-time block code satisfies the orthogonal property or the single property of an orthogonal space-time block code, or the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonal property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code.

[0023] In a fourth aspect, an information receiving apparatus is provided, which is applied to a second device and includes:

[0024] A receiving module, configured to receive a modulation symbol sent by a first device, wherein the modulation symbol is sent according to a space-time block code, and the space-time block code satisfies the following conditions:

[0025] The product of the elements of each row in at least one row of the space-time block code is 0, or the product of the elements of each column in at least one column of the space-time block code is 0;

[0026] The space-time block code satisfies the orthogonal property or the single property of an orthogonal space-time block code, or the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonal property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code.

[0027] In a fifth aspect, a communication device is provided, which includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores programs or instructions that can be run on the processor, and when the program or instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the method described in the first aspect are implemented, or the steps of the method described in the second aspect are implemented.

[0028] In a sixth aspect, a communication device is provided, comprising a processor and a communication interface. For example, when the communication device is a first device, the processor is used to obtain a modulation symbol to be sent, and the communication interface is used to send the modulation symbol according to a space-time block code; or, when the communication device is a second device, the communication interface is used to receive the modulation symbol sent by the first device, and the modulation symbol is sent according to the space-time block code; the space-time block code satisfies the following contents: the product of the elements of each row in at least one row of the space-time block code is 0, or the product of the elements of each column in at least one column of the space-time block code is 0; the space-time block code satisfies the orthogonality property or the singleness property of an orthogonal space-time block code, or the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonality property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code.

[0029] In the seventh aspect, a readable storage medium is provided, on which a program or instruction is stored. When the program or instruction is executed by a processor, the steps of the method described in the first aspect are implemented, or the steps of the method described in the second aspect are implemented.

[0030] In an eighth aspect, a wireless communication system is provided, comprising a first device and a second device, wherein the first device can be used to execute the steps of the method described in the first aspect, and the second device can be used to execute the steps of the method described in the second aspect.

[0031] In the ninth aspect, a chip is provided, comprising a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect, or to implement the steps of the method described in the second aspect.

[0032] In the tenth aspect, a computer program / program product is provided, which is stored in a storage medium and is executed by at least one processor to implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect, or to implement the steps of the method described in the second aspect.

[0033] In an embodiment of the present application, after obtaining the modulation symbols to be sent, the modulation symbols can be sent according to a space-time block code, wherein the space-time block code satisfies the following conditions: the product of the elements of each row in at least one row of the space-time block code is 0, or the product of the elements of each column in at least one column of the space-time block code is 0; the space-time block code satisfies the orthogonality or unitary property of an orthogonal space-time block code, or the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonality of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code. Thus, by virtue of the product of the elements of each row in at least one row of the space-time block code being 0, or the product of the elements of each column in at least one column of the space-time block code being 0, some antennas can be caused to not send modulation symbols in some symbol periods but only collect energy, thereby improving energy collection efficiency; and by virtue of the space-time block code satisfying the orthogonality or unitary property of an orthogonal space-time block code, or the space-time block code satisfying the quasi-orthogonality of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code, diversity gain and antenna gain can be obtained without increasing bandwidth, thereby achieving higher energy collection efficiency while ensuring diversity gain. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] FIG1A is a schematic structural diagram of a backscatter communication device in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] FIG1B is a schematic diagram of a backscatter communication modulation process in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] FIG1C is a schematic diagram of an energy harvesting circuit in a backscatter communication device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] FIG2 is a flow chart of an information sending method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0038] FIG3 is a flow chart of an information receiving method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] 4A, 4B, 4C and 4D are schematic diagrams of energy harvesting in Example 1 of the present application;

[0040] FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of an information sending device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of an information receiving device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0044] The terms "first", "second", etc. in this application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way are interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" are generally of the same type, and do not limit the number of objects, for example, the first object can be one or more. In addition, "or" in this application represents at least one of the connected objects. For example, "A or B" covers three options, namely, Option 1: including A but not including B; Option 2: including B but not including A; Option 3: including both A and B. The character " / " generally indicates that the objects associated before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0045] It is worth noting that the technology described in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to the Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) system, but can also be used in other wireless communication systems, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single-carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) or other systems. The terms "system" and "network" in the embodiments of the present application are often used interchangeably, and the technology described can be used for the systems and radio technologies mentioned above, as well as for other systems and radio technologies. The following description describes a New Radio (NR) system for illustrative purposes, and NR terminology is used in most of the following description, but these technologies can also be applied to systems other than NR systems, such as 6th generation (6G) systems. th Generation, 6G) communication system.

[0046] In order to facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present application, the following contents are first described.

[0047] Backscatter Communication (BSC) refers to a type of passive IoT device that uses radio frequency signals from other devices or the environment to modulate signals and transmit its own information.

[0048] As shown in Figure 1A, the basic building blocks and main functions of the backscatter communication transmitter include:

[0049] -Antenna unit: used to receive RF signals and control commands, and also used to send modulated backscattered signals.

[0050] Energy harvesting module or power supply module: This module is used by the backscatter communication device to harvest RF energy or other energy sources, including but not limited to solar energy, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, and thermal energy. In addition to the energy harvesting module, a battery power supply module may also be included, making the backscatter communication device semi-passive. The energy harvesting module or power supply module provides power to all other modules in the device.

[0051] -Microcontroller: includes control of baseband signal processing, energy storage or data scheduling status, switch switching, system synchronization, etc.

[0052] -Signal receiving module: used to demodulate control commands or data sent by the backscatter communication receiving end or other network nodes.

[0053] -Channel coding and modulation module: performs channel coding and signal modulation under the control of the controller, and realizes modulation by selecting different load impedances under the control of the controller through the selection switch.

[0054] -Memory or sensor module: used to store device identification (ID) information, location information or sensor data, etc.

[0055] In addition to the typical components mentioned above, future backscatter communication transmitters can also integrate tunnel diode amplifier modules, low-noise amplifier modules, etc. to improve the receiving sensitivity and transmission power of the transmitter.

[0056] Optionally, the basic building blocks and main functions of the backscatter communication receiving end include:

[0057] -Antenna unit: used to receive the modulated backscattered signal.

[0058] - Backscatter signal detection module: used to detect the backscatter signal sent by the backscatter communication transmitter, including but not limited to amplitude shift keying (ASK) detection, phase shift keying (PSK) detection, frequency shift keying (FSK) detection or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) detection, etc.

[0059] -Demodulation and decoding module: demodulates and decodes the detected signal to restore the original information stream.

[0060] Backscatter communication equipment controls the reflection coefficient Γ of the modulation circuit by adjusting its internal impedance, thereby changing the amplitude, frequency, phase, etc. of the incident signal to achieve signal modulation. The modulation circuit can be shown in Figure 1B, and the reflection coefficient Γ can be expressed as:

[0061] Where Z0 is the antenna characteristic impedance; Z1 is the load impedance; j represents a complex number, θ T Indicates the phase. Assume that the incident signal is S in (t), the output signal is Therefore, by properly controlling the reflection coefficient, corresponding amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, or phase modulation can be achieved. Based on this, backscatter communication devices can be tags in traditional radio frequency identification (RFID) or passive or semi-passive Internet of Things (IoT). Here, backscatter communication devices are collectively referred to as BSC devices.

[0062] Optionally, the backscatter communication device in the embodiment of the present application may be a single-base backscatter communication system or a dual-base backscatter communication system or a BSC sending device therein.

[0063] Based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, backscatter communication devices primarily harvest electromagnetic wave energy from the environment through an energy harvesting circuit. As shown in Figure 1C, the energy harvesting circuit primarily consists of a rectenna, a booster, and a voltage regulator module. The rectenna includes a receiving antenna, a matching network, and a rectifier circuit. First, the receiving antenna receives electromagnetic wave energy from the environment and converts it into an AC signal. The matching network matches the antenna impedance with the load impedance, ensuring that energy harvesting does not produce reflections and improving energy harvesting efficiency. The rectifier circuit, including a rectifier, receives the high-frequency AC signal from the antenna and converts it into DC. Because the rectifier outputs only a weak forward voltage, far below the controller's startup voltage, a booster module is required to increase the input voltage by a certain order of magnitude to reach the startup voltage for the backscatter communication device. The voltage regulator module primarily addresses the issue of unstable input signals affecting the operating state of the backscatter communication device controller. The receiving antenna, matching network, and rectifier circuit within the rectenna are the core of the energy harvesting circuit and determine the efficiency of the backscatter communication device's energy harvesting.

[0064] When harvesting energy, the load impedance must match the impedance of the receiving antenna to ensure maximum energy absorption. Using a matching network in power distribution can reduce errors in current amplitude and phase. When ambient RF signals pass through the rectifier, they generate a large number of harmonic signals, causing energy loss in the rectifier circuit and affecting energy conversion efficiency. When configuring the rectifier circuit, factors to consider include conversion efficiency, settling time, bandwidth, and sensitivity. Conversion efficiency determines the rectifier circuit's ability to convert the electromagnetic wave energy of the ambient RF signal into a DC level, while settling time refers to the duration for which the rectifier circuit's output voltage remains at a relatively stable level.

[0065] Since the transmission phase of the backscatter communication device is divided into the energy storage phase and the data transmission phase, the duty cycle D of these two phases can be defined as cycle for:

[0066] Among them, T A Indicates the time of data transmission phase, T M Represents the time of the energy storage phase. Assume that the energy collection rate in the energy storage phase is defined as P M , and there is no energy consumption in the energy storage phase, and the energy collection rate in the data transmission phase is defined as P A , while the energy consumption rate during the data transmission phase is P C , then the actual energy collection efficiency in the data transmission stage is (P A -P C ).

[0067] Optionally, the solution in this application can be applied to LTE systems, 5G NR systems and NR evolution systems, such as 6G systems and 6G evolution systems, as well as IEEE 802.11 systems (such as Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) systems), Bluetooth systems, Long Range Radio (LoRa) systems, Zigbee systems, passive communication systems, low-power communication systems, backscatter communication systems, etc.

[0068] The information sending method, apparatus, communication device and readable storage medium provided in the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to some embodiments and their application scenarios in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0069] Please refer to Figure 2, which is a flowchart of a method for sending information provided by an embodiment of the present application. The method is performed by a first device, such as a passive device or semi-passive device such as a BSC sending device. As shown in Figure 2, the method includes the following steps:

[0070] Step 21: Obtain the modulation symbol to be sent;

[0071] Step 22: Send the modulation symbols according to the space-time block code.

[0072] In this embodiment, the space-time block code is suitable for backscatter communication and can be set according to the load impedance modulation characteristics of the backscatter communication equipment and the characteristics of the radio frequency power supply. The dimension of the space-time block code is M×N, where M and N are both integers greater than 1; the space-time block code S can be expressed as:

[0073] The element s in the space-time block code S i,j Denotes the modulation symbol sent / transmitted on the jth antenna in the i-th symbol period, where 1≤i≤M, 1≤j≤N. The i-th row element in S represents the modulation symbol transmitted on N antennas at the i-th time instant, and the j-th column element in S represents the modulation symbol transmitted on the j-th antenna during M symbol periods.

[0074] Optionally, the space-time block code satisfies the following conditions:

[0075] 1) The product of the elements in each row of at least one row of the space-time block code is 0, or the product of the elements in each column of at least one column of the space-time block code is 0.

[0076] Optionally, the space-time block code satisfies: the product of elements in each row of at least one row of the space-time block code is 0.

[0077] Optionally, the space-time block code satisfies: the product of elements in each column of at least one column of the space-time block code is 0.

[0078] Optionally, the space-time block code satisfies: the product of elements in each row of at least one row of the space-time block code is 0, and the product of elements in each column of at least one column of the space-time block code is 0.

[0079] 2) The space-time block code satisfies the orthogonal property or the single property of an orthogonal space-time block code, or the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonal property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code.

[0080] For example, when the space-time block code satisfies the orthogonal property or the single property of an orthogonal space-time block code, the space-time block code S satisfies the following condition (1):

[0081] In the above condition (1), s i Denote the diagonal elements in the space-time block code S. I denotes the identity matrix of dimension M. Each column in the space-time block code S that satisfies the above condition (1) is mutually orthogonal, which means that the symbol sequences transmitted on different antennas are also orthogonal, thus ensuring that the space-time block code S can obtain full diversity gain at the same time.

[0082] For another example, when the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonal property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code, the space-time block code S satisfies the following condition (2):

[0083] In the above condition (2), s i represents the diagonal elements in the space-time block code S. Q is a sparse matrix whose diagonal elements are 1 and has at least N 2 / 2 zero elements are located on the off-diagonal lines. The columns in the space-time block code S that satisfies the above condition (2) can be divided into groups. The column elements within each group are not orthogonal, but orthogonality is maintained between different groups. Therefore, for a space-time block code S that satisfies the above condition (2), although full diversity gain and full rate cannot be achieved simultaneously, a diversity gain slightly worse than full diversity gain can be achieved while still achieving the full rate.

[0084] Therefore, by virtue of the product of the elements in each row of at least one row of the space-time block code being 0, or the product of the elements in each column of at least one column of the space-time block code being 0, some antennas do not send modulation symbols in some symbol periods but only collect energy, thereby improving the energy collection efficiency; by virtue of the space-time block code satisfying the orthogonal property or the single property of the orthogonal space-time block code, or the space-time block code satisfying the quasi-orthogonal property of the quasi-orthogonal space-time block code, diversity gain and antenna gain can be obtained without increasing the bandwidth, thereby achieving higher energy collection efficiency while ensuring diversity gain.

[0085] In the embodiment of the present application, the space-time block code S can be constructed according to whether M and N are the same.

[0086] Optionally, when M=N, that is, when the space-time block code S is a full-rate space-time block code, the product of the elements in each row of the space-time block code S is 0, that is, for any i, and i∈{1,2,...,M}, the following formula is satisfied: Alternatively, the product of the elements in each column of the space-time block code is 0, that is, for any j, and j∈{1,2,...,N}, the following formula is satisfied: Among them, ∏ represents the multiplication symbol.

[0087] For example, when M=N, the space-time block code satisfies any of the following: ① the product of the elements in each row of the space-time block code is 0; ② the product of the elements in each column of the space-time block code is 0; ③ the product of the elements in each row of the space-time block code is 0, and, the product of the elements in each column of the space-time block code is 0. Optional,

[0088] Optionally, when M≠N, that is, when the space-time block code S is a non-full-rate space-time block code, the product of the elements of each row in at least one row of the space-time block code is 0, or the product of the elements of each column in at least one column of the space-time block code is 0. For example, when M≠N, the space-time block code satisfies any of the following: ① the product of the elements of each row in at least one row of the space-time block code is 0; ② the product of the elements of each column in at least one column of the space-time block code is 0; ③ the product of the elements of each row in at least one row of the space-time block code is 0, and the product of the elements of each column in at least one column of the space-time block code is 0.

[0089] Optionally, when M=N=2, the space-time block code satisfies the orthogonal property or the single property of an orthogonal space-time block code, such as satisfying the above condition (1).

[0090] Optionally, when M=N>2, the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonal property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code, such as satisfying the above condition (2).

[0091] Optionally, when M≠N, and M>2, N>2, and both M and N are even numbers, the space-time block code satisfies the orthogonal property or the single property of an orthogonal space-time block code, such as satisfying the above condition (1); or, the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonal property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code, such as satisfying the above condition (2).

[0092] Optionally, the space-time block code may be obtained by multiplying a pre-determined space-time block code by an orthogonal matrix; or, the space-time block code may be obtained by performing an orthogonal transformation on a pre-determined space-time block code.

[0093] Optionally, the space-time block code is a complex domain space-time block code.

[0094] Optionally, the modulation symbol is a symbol modulated by Phase Shift Keying (PSK) to ensure transmission performance.

[0095] Please refer to Figure 3, which is a flowchart of an information receiving method provided in an embodiment of the present application. The method is performed by a second device, such as a BSC receiving device. As shown in Figure 3, the method includes the following steps:

[0096] Step 31: The second device receives modulation symbols sent by the first device, where the modulation symbols are sent according to a space-time block code.

[0097] In this embodiment, the space-time block code is suitable for backscatter communication. The dimension of the space-time block code is M×N, where both M and N are integers greater than 1; the space-time block code S can be expressed as:

[0098] The element s in the space-time block code S i,j Denotes the modulation symbol sent / transmitted on the jth antenna in the i-th symbol period, where 1≤i≤M, 1≤j≤N. The i-th row element in S represents the modulation symbol transmitted on N antennas at the i-th time instant, and the j-th column element in S represents the modulation symbol transmitted on the j-th antenna during M symbol periods.

[0099] Optionally, the space-time block code satisfies the following conditions:

[0100] 1) The product of the elements in each row of at least one row of the space-time block code is 0, or the product of the elements in each column of at least one column of the space-time block code is 0.

[0101] Optionally, the space-time block code satisfies: the product of elements in each row of at least one row of the space-time block code is 0.

[0102] Optionally, the space-time block code satisfies: the product of elements in each column of at least one column of the space-time block code is 0.

[0103] Optionally, the space-time block code satisfies: the product of elements in each row of at least one row of the space-time block code is 0, and the product of elements in each column of at least one column of the space-time block code is 0.

[0104] 2) The space-time block code satisfies the orthogonal property or the single property of an orthogonal space-time block code, or the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonal property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code.

[0105] For example, when the space-time block code satisfies the orthogonal property or the single property of an orthogonal space-time block code, the space-time block code S satisfies the following condition (1):

[0106] In the above condition (1), s i Denote the diagonal elements in the space-time block code S. I denotes the identity matrix of dimension M. Each column in the space-time block code S that satisfies the above condition (1) is mutually orthogonal, which means that the symbol sequences transmitted on different antennas are also orthogonal, thus ensuring that the space-time block code S can obtain full diversity gain at the same time.

[0107] For another example, when the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonal property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code, the space-time block code S satisfies the following condition (2):

[0108] In the above condition (2), s i represents the diagonal elements in the space-time block code S. Q is a sparse matrix whose diagonal elements are 1 and has at least N 2 / 2 zero elements are located on the off-diagonal lines. The columns in the space-time block code S that satisfies the above condition (2) can be divided into groups. The column elements within each group are not orthogonal, but orthogonality is maintained between different groups. Therefore, for a space-time block code S that satisfies the above condition (2), although full diversity gain and full rate cannot be achieved simultaneously, a diversity gain slightly worse than full diversity gain can be achieved while still achieving the full rate.

[0109] Therefore, by virtue of the product of the elements in each row of at least one row of the space-time block code being 0, or the product of the elements in each column of at least one column of the space-time block code being 0, some antennas do not send modulation symbols in some symbol periods but only collect energy, thereby improving the energy collection efficiency; by virtue of the space-time block code satisfying the orthogonal property or the single property of the orthogonal space-time block code, or the space-time block code satisfying the quasi-orthogonal property of the quasi-orthogonal space-time block code, diversity gain and antenna gain can be obtained without increasing the bandwidth, thereby achieving higher energy collection efficiency while ensuring diversity gain.

[0110] In the embodiment of the present application, the space-time block code S can be constructed according to whether M and N are the same.

[0111] Optionally, when M=N, the product of the elements in each row of the space-time block code is 0, or the product of the elements in each column of the space-time block code is 0. For example, when M=N, the space-time block code satisfies any of the following: ① the product of the elements in each row of the space-time block code is 0; ② the product of the elements in each column of the space-time block code is 0; ③ the product of the elements in each row of the space-time block code is 0, and the product of the elements in each column of the space-time block code is 0. Optionally,

[0112] Optionally, when M≠N, the product of the elements of each row in at least one row of the space-time block code is 0, or the product of the elements of each column in at least one column of the space-time block code is 0. For example, when M≠N, the space-time block code satisfies any of the following: ① the product of the elements of each row in at least one row of the space-time block code is 0; ② the product of the elements of each column in at least one column of the space-time block code is 0; ③ the product of the elements of each row in at least one row of the space-time block code is 0, and the product of the elements of each column in at least one column of the space-time block code is 0.

[0113] Optionally, when M=N=2, the space-time block code satisfies the orthogonal property or the single property of an orthogonal space-time block code, such as satisfying the above condition (1).

[0114] Optionally, when M=N>2, the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonal property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code, such as satisfying the above condition (2).

[0115] Optionally, when M≠N, and M>2, N>2, and both M and N are even numbers, the space-time block code satisfies the orthogonal property or the single property of an orthogonal space-time block code, such as satisfying the above condition (1); or, the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonal property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code, such as satisfying the above condition (2).

[0116] Optionally, the space-time block code can be obtained by multiplying a pre-existing space-time block code by an orthogonal matrix; or the space-time block code can be obtained by performing an orthogonal transformation on the pre-existing space-time block code. In this way, the transformed space-time block code can maintain the full diversity and full rate characteristics of the pre-existing space-time block code while achieving higher energy collection efficiency.

[0117] Optionally, the space-time block code is a complex domain space-time block code.

[0118] Optionally, the modulation symbol is a symbol modulated by Phase Shift Keying (PSK) to ensure transmission performance.

[0119] The space-time block code in this application is explained below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0120] Example 1

[0121] In this embodiment 1, a space-time block code that can provide higher energy efficiency is obtained by performing an orthogonal / linear transformation on a pre-existing orthogonal space-time block code, and the transformed space-time block code maintains the full diversity and full rate characteristics of the orthogonal space-time block code. A pre-existing 2×2 orthogonal space-time block code is expressed as:

[0122] The transformed space-time block code, that is, the orthogonal space-time block code after orthogonal / linear transformation of the pre-orthogonal space-time block code, can be expressed as:

[0123] From the above, we can see that the transformed space-time block code It also satisfies the orthogonal space-time block code characteristics.

[0124] Assume that the duty cycle D of the energy storage phase and the data transmission phase is defined as cycle for:

[0125] Among them, T A Indicates the time of data transmission phase, T M Represents the time of the energy storage phase. If the energy collection rate in the energy storage phase is defined as P M , and there is no energy consumption in the energy storage phase, and the energy collection rate in the data transmission phase is defined as P A , while the energy consumption rate during the data transmission phase is P C , then the actual energy collection efficiency in the data transmission stage is (P A -P C ).

[0126] According to the pre-defined 2×2 orthogonal space-time block code For the symbol (s1, s2) modulated by Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), at time t1, antennas 1 and 2 need to send the symbol simultaneously. At time t2, antennas 1 and 2 need to send symbol (-s2, s1) at the same time. At time t1, the symbols sent on antennas 1 and 2 are There is always one symbol that is 0; at time t2, there is also one symbol that is 0 in the symbols (s1-s2, s1+s2) sent by antennas 1 and 2.

[0127] Figures 4A to 4D show the modulation structures of the original orthogonal space-time block code and the transformed orthogonal space-time block code. Taking (s1, s2) = (1, 1) as an example, for the original orthogonal space-time block code, at time t1, antennas 1 and 2 need to send symbols simultaneously. That is, antennas 1 and 2 are both in the data transmission phase; at time t2, antennas 1 and 2 need to send symbols (-s2, s1) = (-1, 1) at the same time, that is, antennas 1 and 2 are both in the data transmission phase. However, for the transformed orthogonal space-time block code, at time t1, the symbols sent by antennas 1 and 2 are That is, antenna 1 is in the data transmission phase, and antenna 2 is always in the energy storage phase. At time t2, the symbols sent by antennas 1 and 2 are (s1-s2,s1+s2) = (0,2), that is, antenna 1 is always in the energy storage phase, and antenna 2 is in the data transmission phase. Based on this, the energy collection rates under the original and transformed orthogonal space-time block codes can be calculated as follows:

[0128] Because: 2(P A -P c ) <P M +P A -P C

[0129] Therefore, it can be concluded that:

[0130] Based on the above, it can be concluded that the transformed orthogonal space-time block code can achieve higher energy collection efficiency while maintaining its own full diversity gain, full rate and orthogonality, and is therefore suitable for equipment that requires energy supply, such as backscatter communication equipment.

[0131] Example 2

[0132] In this embodiment 2, a space-time block code with a higher dimension is used. When the number of transmitting antennas is greater than 2, the pre-defined quasi-orthogonal space-time block code can be orthogonalized / linearly transformed to obtain a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code that can provide higher energy collection efficiency. A pre-defined 4×4 quasi-orthogonal space-time block code is expressed as:

[0133] The transformed space-time block code, that is, the quasi-orthogonal space-time block code after orthogonal / linear transformation of the pre-existing quasi-orthogonal space-time block code, can be expressed as:

[0134] From the above, we can see that the transformed space-time block code It also satisfies the quasi-orthogonal space-time block code characteristics.

[0135] According to the pre-defined 4×4 quasi-orthogonal space-time block code, for the symbols (s1, s2, s 3, ,s4), at time t1, antennas 1, 2, 3 and 4 need to send symbols (s1, s2, s4, s3) at the same time; at time t2, antennas 1, 2, 3 and 4 need to send symbols at the same time At time t3, antennas 1, 2, 3, and 4 need to send symbols simultaneously At time t4, antennas 1, 2, 3, and 4 simultaneously transmit symbols (s3, -s4, -s2, s1). However, for the transformed space-time block code, at time t1, there is always a 0 in the symbols (s1+s2+s4+s3, -s1+s2-s4+s3, -s1-s2+s4+s3, s1-s2-s4+s3) transmitted simultaneously by antennas 1, 2, 3, and 4; at time t2, there is always a 0 in the symbols (s1+s2+s4+s3, -s1+s2-s4+s3, s1-s2-s4+s3) transmitted simultaneously by antennas 1, 2, 3, and 4. There is always one symbol 0 in the , at time t3, antennas 1, 2, 3 and 4 send symbols simultaneously There is always one symbol that is 0; at time t4, there is always one symbol that is 0 among the symbols (s3-s4-s2+s1, -s3-s4+s2+s1, -s3+s4-s2+s1, s3+s4+s2+s1) sent simultaneously by antennas 1, 2, 3 and 4.

[0136] BPSK modulation symbols (s1, s2, s 3, ,s4)=(1,-1,1,-1) as an example, according to the original 4×4 quasi-orthogonal space-time block code, at time t1, antennas 1, 2, 3 and 4 need to send symbols (s1,s2,s4,s3)=(1,-1,-1,1) at the same time, that is, antennas 1, 2, 3 and 4 are all in the data transmission stage; at time t2, antennas 1, 2, 3 and 4 send symbols at the same time That is, antennas 1, 2, 3, and 4 are all in the data transmission phase; at time t3, antennas 1, 2, 3, and 4 need to send symbols simultaneously That is, antennas 1, 2, 3, and 4 are all in the data transmission phase; at time t4, antennas 1, 2, 3, and 4 simultaneously transmit the symbol (s3, -s4, -s2, s1) = (1, 1, 1, 1), that is, antennas 1, 2, 3, and 4 are all in the data transmission phase. However, for the transformed space-time block code, at time t1, antennas 1, 2, 3, and 4 need to simultaneously transmit the symbol (s1+s2+s4+s3, -s1+s2-s4+s3, -s1-s2+s4+s3, s1-s2-s4+s3) = (0, 0, 0, 4), that is, antennas 1, 2, and 3 are always in the energy storage phase, and antenna 4 is in the data transmission phase; at time t2, antennas 1, 2, 3, and 4 simultaneously transmit the symbol That is, antennas 1, 2, and 4 are always in the energy storage stage, and antenna 3 is in the data transmission stage; at time t3, antennas 1, 2, 3, and 4 need to send symbols at the same time That is, antennas 1, 3, and 4 are always in the energy storage stage, and antenna 2 is in the data transmission stage. At time t4, antennas 1, 2, 3, and 4 simultaneously send symbols (s3-s4-s2+s1, -s3-s4+s2+s1, -s3+s4-s2+s1, s3+s4+s2+s1) = (4, 0, 0, 0). That is, antennas 2, 3, and 4 are always in the energy storage stage, and antenna 1 is in the data transmission stage.

[0137] Based on this, the energy acquisition rates under the original orthogonal space-time block code and the transformed orthogonal space-time block code can be calculated as follows:

[0138] Because: 4(P A -P c )<3×P M +P A -P C

[0139] Therefore, it can be concluded that:

[0140] Based on the above, it can be concluded that the transformed orthogonal space-time block code can achieve higher energy collection efficiency while maintaining its own full diversity gain, full rate and quasi-orthogonality, and is therefore suitable for equipment that requires energy supply, such as backscatter communication equipment.

[0141] Example 3

[0142] In this embodiment 3, the expansion is extended to non-full rate space-time block code, with rate Take the complex domain space-time block code as an example:

[0143] By performing orthogonal / linear transformation on this space-time block code, the transformed space-time block code is obtained:

[0144] BPSK modulation symbols (s1, s2, s 3, ,s4)=(1,-1,1,-1) as an example, the original space-time block code and the transformed space-time block code are:

[0145] Based on this, the energy acquisition rates under the source codebook and the optimized codebook can be calculated as follows:

[0146] Because: 4(P A -P c )<3×P M +P A -P C

[0147] Therefore, it can be concluded that:

[0148] Based on the above content, it can be seen that the transformed space-time block code can achieve higher energy collection efficiency while maintaining its own rate and quasi-orthogonality, and is therefore suitable for equipment that requires energy supply, such as backscatter communication equipment.

[0149] The information sending method provided in the embodiment of the present application can be executed by an information sending device. In the embodiment of the present application, the information sending device provided in the embodiment of the present application is described by taking the information sending method executed by the information sending device as an example.

[0150] Please refer to Figure 5, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of an information sending device provided in an embodiment of the present application. The device is applied to a first device, such as a BSC sending device. As shown in Figure 5, the information sending device 50 includes:

[0151] An acquisition module 51 is configured to acquire modulation symbols to be sent;

[0152] A sending module 52, configured to send the modulation symbols according to a space-time block code;

[0153] The space-time block code satisfies the following conditions:

[0154] The product of the elements of each row in at least one row of the space-time block code is 0, or the product of the elements of each column in at least one column of the space-time block code is 0;

[0155] The space-time block code satisfies the orthogonal property or the single property of an orthogonal space-time block code, or the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonal property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code.

[0156] Optionally, the dimension of the space-time block code is M×N, where both M and N are integers greater than 1, and the element s in the space-time block code is i,j M represents the modulation symbol sent on the jth antenna in the i-th symbol period, 1≤i≤M, 1≤j≤N.

[0157] Optionally, when M=N, the product of the elements in each row of the space-time block code is 0, or the product of the elements in each column of the space-time block code is 0;

[0158] Alternatively, when M≠N, the product of elements in each row of at least one row of the space-time block code is 0, or the product of elements in each column of at least one column of the space-time block code is 0.

[0159] Optionally, when M=N=2, the space-time block code satisfies the orthogonal property or the single property of an orthogonal space-time block code;

[0160] Alternatively, when M=N>2, the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonal property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code.

[0161] Optionally, when M≠N, and M>2, N>2, and both M and N are even numbers, the space-time block code satisfies the orthogonal property or the single property of an orthogonal space-time block code, or the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonal property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code.

[0162] Optionally, the space-time block code is obtained by multiplying a pre-determined space-time block code by an orthogonal matrix, or the space-time block code is obtained by performing an orthogonal transformation on a pre-determined space-time block code.

[0163] Optionally, the space-time block code is a complex domain space-time block code.

[0164] Optionally, the modulation symbol is a symbol modulated by phase shift keying (PSK).

[0165] The information sending device 50 provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement the various processes implemented in the method embodiment of Figure 2 and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0166] Please refer to Figure 6, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of an information receiving device provided in an embodiment of the present application. The device is applied to a second device, such as a BSC receiving device. As shown in Figure 6, the information receiving device 60 includes:

[0167] The receiving module 61 is configured to receive a modulation symbol sent by the first device, wherein the modulation symbol is sent according to a space-time block code, and the space-time block code satisfies the following conditions:

[0168] The product of the elements of each row in at least one row of the space-time block code is 0, or the product of the elements of each column in at least one column of the space-time block code is 0;

[0169] The space-time block code satisfies the orthogonal property or the single property of an orthogonal space-time block code, or the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonal property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code.

[0170] Optionally, the dimension of the space-time block code is M×N, where both M and N are integers greater than 1, and the element s in the space-time block code is i,jM represents the modulation symbol sent on the jth antenna in the i-th symbol period, 1≤i≤M, 1≤j≤N.

[0171] Optionally, when M=N, the product of the elements in each row of the space-time block code is 0, or the product of the elements in each column of the space-time block code is 0;

[0172] Alternatively, when M≠N, the product of elements in each row of at least one row of the space-time block code is 0, or the product of elements in each column of at least one column of the space-time block code is 0.

[0173] Optionally, when M=N=2, the space-time block code satisfies the orthogonal property or the single property of an orthogonal space-time block code;

[0174] Alternatively, when M=N>2, the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonal property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code.

[0175] Optionally, when M≠N, and M>2, N>2, and both M and N are even numbers, the space-time block code satisfies the orthogonal property or the single property of an orthogonal space-time block code, or the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonal property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code.

[0176] Optionally, the space-time block code is obtained by multiplying a pre-determined space-time block code by an orthogonal matrix, or the space-time block code is obtained by performing an orthogonal transformation on a pre-determined space-time block code.

[0177] Optionally, the space-time block code is a complex domain space-time block code.

[0178] Optionally, the modulation symbol is a symbol modulated by phase shift keying (PSK).

[0179] The information receiving device 60 provided in the embodiment of the present application can implement each process implemented in the method embodiment of Figure 3 and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described here.

[0180] As shown in Figure 7, an embodiment of the present application also provides a communication device 70, including a processor 71 and a memory 72, and the memory 72 stores a program or instruction that can be run on the processor 71. When the program or instruction is executed by the processor 71, it implements the various steps of the above-mentioned information sending method embodiment, or implements the various steps of the above-mentioned information receiving method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0181] An embodiment of the present application also provides a readable storage medium, on which a program or instruction is stored. When the program or instruction is executed by a processor, the various processes of the above-mentioned information sending method embodiment or the various steps of the above-mentioned information receiving method embodiment are implemented, and the same technical effect can be achieved. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0182] The processor is the processor in the terminal described in the above embodiment. The readable storage medium includes a computer-readable storage medium, such as a computer read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk. In some examples, the readable storage medium may be a non-transitory readable storage medium.

[0183] An embodiment of the present application further provides a chip, which includes a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface and the processor are coupled, and the processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the various processes of the above-mentioned information sending method embodiment, or to implement the various steps of the above-mentioned information receiving method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0184] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can also be called a system-level chip, a system chip, a chip system or a system-on-chip chip, etc.

[0185] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program / program product, which is stored in a storage medium. The computer program / program product is executed by at least one processor to implement the various processes of the above-mentioned information sending method embodiment, or to implement the various steps of the above-mentioned information receiving method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0186] An embodiment of the present application further provides a ....system, comprising: a terminal and a network-side device, wherein the terminal can be used to execute the steps of the .....method described above, and the network-side device can be used to execute the steps of the ...method described above.

[0187] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "comprise", "include" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements that are not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element. In addition, it should be pointed out that the scope of the methods and devices in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, and may also include performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in the opposite order according to the functions involved. For example, the described method may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may also be added, omitted or combined. In addition, the features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0188] Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be implemented by means of a computer software product plus a necessary general-purpose hardware platform, or of course, by hardware. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.) and includes a number of instructions for enabling a terminal or network-side device to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present application.

[0189] The embodiments of the present application are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of this application, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms of implementation methods without departing from the purpose of this application and the scope of protection of the claims. These implementation methods are all within the protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for sending information, comprising: The first device obtains a modulation symbol to be sent; The first device sends the modulation symbol according to a space-time block code; The space-time block code satisfies the following conditions: The product of the elements of each row in at least one row of the space-time block code is 0, or the product of the elements of each column in at least one column of the space-time block code is 0; The space-time block code satisfies the orthogonal property or the single property of an orthogonal space-time block code, or the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonal property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The dimension of the space-time block code is M×N, where M and N are both integers greater than 1, and the element s in the space-time block code i,j represents the modulation symbol sent on the jth antenna in the i-th symbol period, 1≤i≤M, 1≤j≤N.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein: When M=N, the product of the elements in each row of the space-time block code is 0, or the product of the elements in each column of the space-time block code is 0; or, When M≠N, the product of the elements of each row in at least one row of the space-time block code is 0, or the product of the elements of each column in at least one column of the space-time block code is 0.

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: When M=N=2, the space-time block code satisfies the orthogonal property or the single property of the orthogonal space-time block code; or, When M=N>2, the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonal property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code.

5. The method according to claim 2 or 3, wherein: When M≠N, and M>2, N>2, and M and N are both even numbers, the space-time block code satisfies the orthogonal property or the single property of an orthogonal space-time block code, or the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonal property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: The space-time block code is obtained by multiplying a pre-determined space-time block code with an orthogonal matrix, or the space-time block code is obtained by performing an orthogonal transformation on a pre-determined space-time block code.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: The space-time block code is a complex domain space-time block code.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The modulation symbol is a symbol modulated by phase shift keying (PSK).

9. A method for receiving information, comprising: The second device receives a modulation symbol sent by the first device, wherein the modulation symbol is sent according to a space-time block code, and the space-time block code satisfies the following content: The product of the elements of each row in at least one row of the space-time block code is 0, or the product of the elements of each column in at least one column of the space-time block code is 0; The space-time block code satisfies the orthogonal property or the single property of an orthogonal space-time block code, or the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonal property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein: The dimension of the space-time block code is M×N, where M and N are both integers greater than 1, and the element s in the space-time block code i,j represents the modulation symbol sent on the jth antenna in the i-th symbol period, 1≤i≤M, 1≤j≤N.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein: When M=N, the product of the elements in each row of the space-time block code is 0, or the product of the elements in each column of the space-time block code is 0; or, When M≠N, the product of the elements of each row in at least one row of the space-time block code is 0, or the product of the elements of each column in at least one column of the space-time block code is 0.

12. The method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein: When M=N=2, the space-time block code satisfies the orthogonal property or the single property of the orthogonal space-time block code; or, When M=N>2, the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonal property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code.

13. The method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein: When M≠N, and M>2, N>2, and M and N are both even numbers, the space-time block code satisfies the orthogonal property or the single property of an orthogonal space-time block code, or the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonal property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code.

14. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein: The space-time block code is obtained by multiplying a pre-determined space-time block code with an orthogonal matrix, or the space-time block code is obtained by performing an orthogonal transformation on a pre-determined space-time block code.

15. An information sending device, comprising: An acquisition module, used for acquiring modulation symbols to be sent; A sending module, used for sending the modulation symbol according to the space-time block code; The space-time block code satisfies the following conditions: The product of the elements of each row in at least one row of the space-time block code is 0, or the product of the elements of each column in at least one column of the space-time block code is 0; The space-time block code satisfies the orthogonal property or the single property of an orthogonal space-time block code, or the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonal property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code.

16. An information receiving device, comprising: A receiving module, configured to receive a modulation symbol sent by a first device, wherein the modulation symbol is sent according to a space-time block code, and the space-time block code satisfies the following contents: The product of the elements of each row in at least one row of the space-time block code is 0, or the product of the elements of each column in at least one column of the space-time block code is 0; The space-time block code satisfies the orthogonal property or the single property of an orthogonal space-time block code, or the space-time block code satisfies the quasi-orthogonal property of a quasi-orthogonal space-time block code.

17. A communication device, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a program or instruction that can be run on the processor, and when the program or instruction is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the information sending method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, or implements the steps of the information receiving method as described in any one of claims 9 to 14.

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